ROYAL GOLD INC, 10-K filed on 2/15/2024
Annual Report
v3.24.0.1
Document and Entity Information - USD ($)
$ in Billions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Feb. 08, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Document and Entity Information      
Document Type 10-K    
Document Annual Report true    
Document Transition Report false    
Document Period End Date Dec. 31, 2023    
Entity File Number 001-13357    
Entity Registrant Name Royal Gold, Inc    
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code DE    
Entity Tax Identification Number 84-0835164    
Entity Address, Address Line One 1144 15th Street, Suite 2500    
Entity Address, City or Town Denver    
Entity Address, State or Province CO    
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 80202    
City Area Code 303    
Local Phone Number 573-1660    
Title of 12(b) Security Common Stock, $0.01 par value    
Trading Symbol RGLD    
Security Exchange Name NASDAQ    
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer Yes    
Entity Voluntary Filers No    
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes    
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes    
Entity Filer Category Large Accelerated Filer    
Entity Small Business false    
Entity Emerging Growth Company false    
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag true    
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag] false    
Entity Shell Company false    
Entity Public Float     $ 7.5
Entity Shares Outstanding   65,692,412  
Auditor Firm ID 42    
Auditor Name Ernst & Young LLP    
Auditor Location Denver, Colorado    
Entity Central Index Key 0000085535    
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31    
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2023    
Document Fiscal Period Focus FY    
Amendment Flag false    
v3.24.0.1
Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
ASSETS    
Cash and equivalents $ 104,167 $ 118,586
Royalty receivables 48,884 49,405
Income tax receivable 2,676 3,066
Stream inventory 9,788 12,656
Prepaid expenses and other 1,911 2,120
Total current assets 167,426 185,833
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 4) 3,075,574 3,237,402
Other assets 118,057 111,287
Total assets 3,361,057 3,534,522
LIABILITIES    
Accounts payable 11,441 6,686
Dividends payable 26,292 24,627
Income tax payable 15,557 16,065
Other current liabilities 19,132 16,209
Total current liabilities 72,422 63,587
Debt (Note 5) 245,967 571,572
Deferred tax liabilities 134,299 138,156
Other liabilities 7,728 7,738
Total liabilities 460,416 781,053
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
EQUITY    
Preferred stock, $.01 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; and 0 shares issued
Common stock, $.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized; and 65,631,760 and 65,592,597 shares outstanding, respectively 656 656
Additional paid-in capital 2,221,039 2,213,123
Accumulated earnings 666,522 527,314
Total Royal Gold stockholders' equity 2,888,217 2,741,093
Non-controlling interests 12,424 12,376
Total equity 2,900,641 2,753,469
Total liabilities and equity $ 3,361,057 $ 3,534,522
v3.24.0.1
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Consolidated Balance Sheets    
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) $ 0.01 $ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized 10,000,000 10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued 0 0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) $ 0.01 $ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized 200,000,000 200,000,000
Common stock, shares outstanding 65,631,760 65,592,597
v3.24.0.1
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income        
Revenue (Note 7) $ 342,952 $ 605,717 $ 603,206 $ 615,856
Costs and expenses        
Cost of sales (excludes depreciation, depletion and amortization) 52,329 90,523 94,642 92,898
General and administrative 15,163 39,761 34,612 28,387
Production taxes 4,412 7,294 7,021 6,743
Exploration costs       563
Depreciation, depletion and amortization 99,685 164,937 178,935 183,569
Impairment of royalty interests   0 4,287  
Total costs and expenses 171,589 302,515 319,497 312,160
Gain on sale of Peak Gold JV interest       33,906
Operating income 171,363 303,202 283,709 337,602
Fair value changes in equity securities (1,350) (147) (1,503) 6,017
Interest and other income 1,610 9,952 7,832 2,443
Interest and other expense (2,787) (30,867) (17,170) (6,419)
Income before income taxes 168,836 282,140 272,868 339,643
Income tax expense (30,008) (42,008) (32,926) (36,867)
Net income and comprehensive income 138,828 240,132 239,942 302,776
Net income and comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests (489) (692) (960) (244)
Net income and comprehensive income attributable to Royal Gold common stockholders $ 138,339 $ 239,440 $ 238,982 $ 302,532
Net income per share attributable to Royal Gold common stockholders:        
Basic earnings per share $ 2.11 $ 3.64 $ 3.64 $ 4.61
Basic weighted average shares outstanding 65,560,468 65,613,002 65,576,995 65,546,400
Diluted earnings per share $ 2.10 $ 3.63 $ 3.63 $ 4.60
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding 65,624,567 65,739,110 65,661,748 65,627,591
Cash dividends declared per common share $ 0.65 $ 1.525 $ 1.425 $ 1.18
v3.24.0.1
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Common Shares
Additional Paid-in Capital
Accumulated Earnings
Non-controlling Interests
Total
Balance at Jun. 30, 2020 $ 655 $ 2,210,429 $ 61,133 $ 29,902 $ 2,302,119
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2020 65,531,288        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity          
Stock-based compensation and related share issuances $ 1 4,263     4,264
Stock-based compensation and related share issuances (in shares) 19,773        
Sale of Peak Gold JV interest   (10,829)   (16,218) (27,047)
Distributions to non-controlling interests       (1,281) (1,281)
Net income and comprehensive income     302,532 244 302,776
Dividends declared     (77,416)   (77,416)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2021 $ 656 2,203,863 286,249 12,647 2,503,415
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2021 65,551,061        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity          
Stock-based compensation and related share issuances   2,296     2,296
Stock-based compensation and related share issuances (in shares) 13,303        
Distributions to non-controlling interests       (669) (669)
Net income and comprehensive income     138,339 489 138,828
Dividends declared     (42,659)   (42,659)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021 $ 656 2,206,159 381,929 12,467 2,601,211
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021 65,564,364        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity          
Stock-based compensation and related share issuances   6,964     6,964
Stock-based compensation and related share issuances (in shares) 28,233        
Distributions to non-controlling interests       (1,051) (1,051)
Net income and comprehensive income     238,982 960 239,942
Dividends declared     (93,597)   (93,597)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022 $ 656 2,213,123 527,314 12,376 2,753,469
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022 65,592,597        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity          
Stock-based compensation and related share issuances   7,916     7,916
Stock-based compensation and related share issuances (in shares) 39,163        
Distributions to non-controlling interests       (644) (644)
Net income and comprehensive income     239,440 692 240,132
Dividends declared     (100,232)   (100,232)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023 $ 656 $ 2,221,039 $ 666,522 $ 12,424 $ 2,900,641
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023 65,631,760        
v3.24.0.1
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities:        
Net income and comprehensive income $ 138,828 $ 240,132 $ 239,942 $ 302,776
Adjustments to reconcile net income and comprehensive income to net cash provided by operating activities:        
Depreciation, depletion and amortization 99,685 164,937 178,935 183,569
Gain on sale of Peak Gold JV interest       (33,906)
Non-cash employee stock compensation expense 3,218 9,696 8,411 5,730
Fair value changes in equity securities 1,350 147 1,503 (6,017)
Deferred tax (benefit) expense 2,510 (6,469) (19,836) 456
Impairment of royalty interests   0 4,287  
Other 1,090 779 979 971
Changes in assets and liabilities:        
Royalty receivables (6,846) 521 4,683 (19,552)
Stream inventory 6,077 2,868 (1,049) (6,014)
Income tax receivable (396) 390 1,849 (2,085)
Prepaid expenses and other assets (1,374) (4,369) (3,908) 318
Accounts payable 76 4,756 211 3,237
Income tax payable 4,591 (508) (3,005) 1,156
Uncertain tax positions (910)     (24,518)
Other liabilities 884 2,912 4,343 1,030
Net cash provided by operating activities 248,783 415,792 417,345 407,151
Cash flows from investing activities:        
Acquisition of stream and royalty interests (281,066) (2,678) (922,155) (168,147)
Khoemacau subordinated debt facility (7,000)     (18,000)
Proceeds from sale of Peak Gold JV interest       49,154
Proceeds from sale of Contango shares       12,146
Proceeds from sale of equity securities       8,651
Other (64) (151) (721) (541)
Net cash used in investing activities (288,130) (2,829) (922,876) (116,737)
Cash flows from financing activities:        
Repayment of debt (100,000) (325,000) (125,000) (305,000)
Borrowings from revolving credit facility 100,000   700,000  
Net payments from issuance of common stock (921) (1,383) (1,447) (1,465)
Common stock dividends (39,374) (98,567) (91,925) (76,099)
Other (2,723) (2,432) (1,062) (1,062)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (43,018) (427,382) 480,566 (383,626)
Net decrease in cash and equivalents (82,365) (14,419) (24,965) (93,212)
Cash and equivalents at beginning of period 225,916 118,586 143,551 319,128
Cash and equivalents at end of period $ 143,551 $ 104,167 $ 118,586 $ 225,916
v3.24.0.1
THE COMPANY
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
THE COMPANY  
THE COMPANY

1. THE COMPANY

Royal Gold, Inc. (“Royal Gold”, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our”), together with its subsidiaries, is engaged in the business of acquiring and managing precious metals streams, royalties and similar interests. We seek to acquire existing stream and royalty interests or to finance projects that are in production or in the development (and exploration) stage in exchange for stream or royalty interests. A metal stream is a purchase agreement that provides, in exchange for an upfront deposit payment, the right to purchase all or a portion of one or more metals produced from a mine at a price determined for the life of the transaction by the purchase agreement. Royalties are non-operating interests in mining projects that provide the right to revenue or metals produced from the project after deducting specified costs, if any.

v3.24.0.1
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENTLY ADOPTED AND RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENTLY ADOPTED AND RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS  
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENTLY ADOPTED AND RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENTLY ADOPTED AND RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

We rely on mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates reported by the operators of properties on which we hold stream and royalty interests. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the potential impairments of long-lived assets and the ability to realize income tax benefits associated with deferred tax assets. These estimates and assumptions also affect the rate at which we recognize revenue or charge depreciation, depletion and amortization to earnings. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates these estimates and assumptions; however, actual amounts could differ from these estimates and assumptions. Differences between estimates and actual amounts are adjusted and recorded in the period that the actual amounts are known.

Basis of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Royal Gold, Inc. and its majority owned or controlled subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts, transactions, income and expenses, and profits or losses have been eliminated on consolidation.

Cash and Equivalents

Cash and equivalents consist of all cash balances and highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less. Cash and equivalents were primarily held in cash deposit accounts as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Stream and Royalty Interests in Mineral Properties and Related Depletion

Stream and royalty interests include acquired stream and royalty interests in production, development and exploration stage properties. The costs of acquired stream and royalty interests are capitalized as tangible assets as such interests do not meet the definition of a financial asset.

Production stage stream and royalty interests are depleted using the units of production method over the life of the mineral property (as stream sales occur or royalty payments are recognized), which are estimated using proven and probable reserves as provided by the operator. Development stage mineral properties, which are not yet in production, are not depleted until the property begins production. Exploration stage mineral properties, where there are no proven and probable

reserves, are not depleted. At such time as the associated exploration stage mineral interests are converted to proven and probable reserves, and there is no production, the mineral property becomes a development stage mineral property. Exploration costs are expensed when incurred.

Asset Impairment

We evaluate long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. When impairment indicators are identified, the recoverability of the carrying value of stream and royalty interests in production and development stage mineral properties is evaluated based upon estimated future undiscounted net cash flows from each stream and royalty interest using estimates of proven and probable mineral reserves, mineral resources and other relevant information received from the operators. We evaluate the recoverability of the carrying value of royalty interests in exploration stage mineral properties in the event of significant decreases in the price of gold, silver, copper and other metals, and whenever new information regarding the mineral properties is obtained from the operator indicating that production will not likely occur or may be reduced in the future, thus potentially affecting the future recoverability of our stream or royalty interests. Impairments in the carrying value of each property are measured and recorded to the extent that the carrying value in each property exceeds its estimated fair value, which is generally calculated using estimated future discounted cash flows.

Estimates of gold, silver, copper, and other metal prices, and operators’ estimates of proven and probable mineral reserves or mineral resources related to our stream or royalty properties are subject to certain risks and uncertainties which may affect the recoverability of our investment in these stream and royalty interests in mineral properties. It is possible that changes could occur to these estimates, which could adversely affect the net cash flows expected to be generated from these stream and royalty interests. Refer to Note 4 for discussion and the results of our impairment assessments for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, six months ended December 31, 2021, and fiscal year ended June 30, 2021.

Revenue

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer control of a distinct good or service (or integrated package of goods and/or services) to a customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, a performance obligation is satisfied. In accordance with this guidance, revenue attributable to our stream interests and royalty interests is generally recognized at the point in time that control of the related metal production transfers to our customers. The amount of revenue we recognize further reflects the consideration to which we are entitled under the respective stream or royalty agreement. A more detailed summary of our revenue recognition policies for our stream and royalty interests is discussed in Note 7.

Metal Sales

Gold, silver and copper received under our metal stream agreements are taken into inventory, and then sold primarily using average spot rate gold, silver and copper forward contracts. The sales price for these average spot rate forward contracts is determined by the average daily gold, silver or copper spot prices during the term of the contract, typically a consecutive number of trading days between 10 days and three months (depending on the frequency of deliveries under the respective stream agreement and our sales activity in effect at the time) commencing shortly after receipt and purchase of the metal. Revenue from gold, silver and copper sales is recognized on the date of the settlement, which is also the date that title to the metal passes to the purchaser.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales, which excludes depreciation, depletion and amortization, is specific to our stream agreements and is the result of our purchase of gold, silver and copper for a cash payment. The cash payment for gold from Mount Milligan is

the lesser of $435 per ounce or the prevailing market price of gold when purchased, while the cash payment for our other streams is a set contractual percentage of the gold, silver or copper spot price near the date of metal delivery.

Production Taxes

Certain royalty payments are subject to production taxes (or mining proceeds taxes), which are recognized at the time of revenue recognition. Production taxes are not income taxes and are included within the costs and expenses section in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

Stock-Based Compensation

We recognize all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, stock-settled stock appreciation rights (“SSARs”), restricted stock and performance shares, in our financial statements based upon their fair values.

Income Taxes

Our annual tax rate is based on income, statutory tax rates in effect, and tax planning opportunities available to us in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. Significant judgment is required in determining the annual tax expense, current tax assets and liabilities, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and our future taxable income, both as a whole and in various tax jurisdictions, for purposes of assessing our ability to realize future benefit from our deferred tax assets. Actual income taxes could vary from these estimates due to future changes in income tax law, significant changes in the jurisdictions in which we operate or unpredicted results from the final determination of each year’s liability by taxing authorities.

We treat global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) as a period cost and therefore do not record deferred tax impacts of GILTI in our consolidated financial statements. Our deferred income taxes reflect the impact of temporary differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and such amounts measured by tax laws and regulations. In evaluating the realizability of the deferred tax assets, management considers both positive and negative evidence that may exist, such as earnings history, reversal of taxable temporary differences, forecasted operating earnings and available tax planning strategies in each tax jurisdiction. A valuation allowance may be established to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that is considered more likely than not to be realized through the generation of future taxable income and other tax planning strategies.

Our operations may involve dealing with uncertainties and judgments in the application of complex tax regulations in multiple jurisdictions. The final taxes paid are dependent upon many factors, including negotiations with taxing authorities in various jurisdictions and resolution of disputes arising from federal, state, and international tax audits. We recognize potential liabilities and record tax liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues in the United States and other tax jurisdictions based on our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. We adjust these reserves in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of a tax audit; however, due to the complexity of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution could result in a payment that is materially different from our current estimate of the tax liabilities. These differences will be reflected as increases or decreases to income tax expense in the period which they are determined. We recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to Royal Gold common stockholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares for the period, considering the effect of participating securities. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts that may require issuance of common shares were converted. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the Financial Standards Accounting Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09 “Income Taxes (Topics 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” to expand the disclosure requirements for income taxes, specifically related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective for our annual periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential effect that the updated standard will have on our financial statement disclosures.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 is effective for our annual periods beginning January 1, 2024, and for interim periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential effect that the updated standard will have on our financial statement disclosures.

v3.24.0.1
ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS  
ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS

3. ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS

Acquisition of Additional Royalty Interests on Cortez Complex

On December 29, 2022, we acquired two portions of a gross smelter return royalty (the “Idaho Royalty”) that together cover a large area including the Cortez mine operational area and the entirety of the Fourmile development project in Nevada (the “Cortez Complex”) from certain holders who are successors in interest to Idaho Mining Corporation for cash consideration of $204.1 million. The area within the Cortez Complex is owned or controlled by Nevada Gold Mines LLC (“NGM”), a joint venture between Barrick Gold Corporation (“Barrick”) and Newmont Corporation, with the exception of the Fourmile development project which is 100% owned and operated by Barrick. The Idaho Royalty comprises a 0.24% gross royalty that covers areas including the Pipeline and Crossroads deposits and a 0.45% gross royalty that covers areas including the Cortez Hills, Goldrush, Fourmile and Robertson deposits. The Idaho Royalty is life of mine, not subject to any stepdowns or caps, and has no applicable deductions. The purchase price was funded with our available revolving credit facility (Note 5) and cash on hand.

The acquisition has been accounted for as an asset acquisition and the $204.1 million cash consideration, plus direct acquisition costs, have been recorded and allocated between production and exploration stage royalty interests (Note 4) within Stream and royalty interests, net on our consolidated balance sheets. On the date of acquisition, $73.4 million and $130.7 million was allocated to production stage and exploration stage royalty interests, respectively. The acquisition cost of the production stage portion of the Idaho Royalty is depleted using the units of production method, which is estimated using aggregate proven and probable reserves, as provided by NGM.

Acquisition of Great Bear Royalties Corp.

On September 9, 2022, we completed the acquisition of all of the issued and outstanding shares of Great Bear Royalties Corp. (“GBR”) for cash consideration of approximately C$199.6 million (US$151.7 million) (“the Acquisition Price”). GBR’s sole material asset is a 2.0% net smelter return royalty (“Great Bear Royalty”) that covers the entirety of the Great Bear Project in the Red Lake district of Ontario, Canada, owned and operated by a subsidiary of Kinross Gold Corporation (“Kinross”). The Great Bear Royalty includes all metals produced from contiguous claims covering 9,140 hectares. Royalty payments will be made quarterly with applicable standard deductions. The purchase price was funded with available cash on hand.

As part of the acquisition and in exchange for information and access to the project provided by Kinross, we granted an option (“Buyback Option”) to Kinross to purchase a 25% interest in the Great Bear Royalty (0.5% of the 2.0% royalty rate) for an amount equal to 25% of the Acquisition Price, adjusted for inflation, at any time from the transaction closing date until the earlier of a construction decision for the Great Bear Project and 10 years after the transaction closing date. The fair value of the Buyback Option on the transaction date using a Black-Scholes model was $2.1 million. The Buyback

Option has been capitalized as a direct transaction cost with the Great Bear Royalty mineral interest and will not be subsequently remeasured until the Buyback Option is either exercised or it expires.

The Great Bear Royalty is the sole material asset of GBR and represents substantially all the fair value of GBR’s gross assets. As a result, the GBR acquisition has been accounted for as an asset acquisition and the fair values of the GBR assets acquired are shown below:

(in thousands)

Purchase Price

$

151,679

Cash

315

Other assets

293

Royalty interests in mineral property (Great Bear royalty)

151,071

Total allocated purchase price

$

151,679

The $151.7 million allocated fair value of the Great Bear Royalty, plus $4.4 million of direct transaction costs and deferred tax of $53.6 million have been capitalized with the Great Bear Royalty mineral interest and allocated to exploration stage royalty interests within Stream and royalty interests, net on our consolidated balance sheets. The deferred tax was recorded as a gross-up to the Great Bear Royalty mineral interest as prescribed by the applicable guidance.

Acquisition of Gross Royalty on Cortez Complex

On August 2, 2022, we acquired a sliding scale gross royalty (the “Rio Tinto Royalty”) on production from an area within the Cortez Complex for cash consideration of $525 million. The area within the Cortez Complex is owned or controlled by NGM, with the exception of the Fourmile development project which is 100% owned and operated by Barrick. The royalty is a life of mine sliding scale gross royalty payable at a rate of 0% at a gold price less than $400 per ounce, increasing to 3% at a gold price above $900 per ounce, and is payable on 40% of all production from the Cortez Complex. Based on information available, the royalty would not cover the existing deposits within the Robertson property. At current gold prices the Rio Tinto Royalty is an effective 1.2% gross royalty on the Cortez Complex and is not subject to any stepdowns or caps. Deductions from the Rio Tinto Royalty payments are limited to third-party royalties that existed prior to the creation of the royalty in 2008, which include the existing Crossroads and Pipeline royalties owned by Royal Gold. The purchase price was funded with debt and available cash on hand.

The acquisition has been accounted for as an asset acquisition and the $525 million cash consideration, plus direct acquisition costs, have been recorded and allocated between production and exploration stage royalty interests (Note 4) within Stream and royalty interests, net on our consolidated balance sheets. On the date of acquisition, $199 million and $326 million was allocated to production stage and exploration stage royalty interests, respectively. The acquisition cost of the production stage Rio Tinto Royalty is depleted using the units of production method, which is estimated using aggregate proven and probable reserves, as provided by NGM.

The royalty became payable during the quarter ended September 30, 2022, after cumulative production of 15 million gold equivalent ounces from the Cortez Complex from a starting date of January 1, 2008. The royalty is payable within forty-five days after the end of each calendar quarter.

Lawyers Royalty Acquisition

On March 24, 2022, we acquired a 0.5% net smelter returns royalty (“NSR”) on production from the Lawyers Project, currently operated by Benchmark Metals Inc., which is located in British Columbia, Canada. As part of this transaction, we also acquired a right of first offer (“ROFO”) for an existing 2.0% NSR royalty over the Ranch Project owned by Thesis Gold, Inc. that is located adjacent to the Lawyers Project. We paid $8.0 million in cash consideration for the royalty and ROFO to Guardsmen Resources Inc. The Lawyers Project acquisition has been accounted for as an asset acquisition. The

$8.0 million cash consideration, plus direct acquisition costs, have been recorded as an exploration stage royalty interest (Note 4) within Stream and royalty interests, net on our consolidated balance sheets.

Khoemacau Silver Stream

On February 23, 2022, we made an advance payment of $10.0 million toward the option stream which increased our right to receive payable silver produced from Khoemacau from 90% to 93%, and on March 14, 2022, we made our final advance payment of $16.5 million toward the option stream which increased our right to receive payable silver produced from 93% to 100%. Cumulative advance payments of $265 million, plus direct acquisition costs, have been recorded as a production stage stream interest within Stream and royalty interests, net on our consolidated balance sheets.

As of December 31, 2023, $25.0 million of the subordinated debt facility, and $10.7 million of accrued interest remains outstanding on the Khoemacau subordinated debt facility, and these amounts are included in Other assets in our consolidated balance sheets.

v3.24.0.1
STREAM AND ROYALTY INTERESTS, NET
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
STREAM AND ROYALTY INTERESTS, NET  
STREAM AND ROYALTY INTERESTS, NET

4. STREAM AND ROYALTY INTERESTS, NET

The following summarizes our stream and royalty interests as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:

As of December 31, 2023 (Amounts in thousands):

    

Cost

    

Accumulated Depletion

    

Net

Production stage stream interests:

Mount Milligan

$

790,635

$

(430,106)

$

360,529

Pueblo Viejo

610,404

(299,354)

311,050

Andacollo

388,182

(165,553)

222,629

Khoemacau

265,911

(41,635)

224,276

Rainy River

175,727

(74,858)

100,869

Other

232,703

(132,043)

100,660

Total production stage stream interests

2,463,562

(1,143,549)

1,320,013

Production stage royalty interests:

Cortez (Legacy Zone and CC Zone)

353,850

(61,891)

291,959

Voisey's Bay

205,724

(121,000)

84,724

Red Chris

116,187

(3,758)

112,429

Peñasquito

99,172

(59,900)

39,272

Other

448,899

(408,522)

40,377

Total production stage royalty interests

1,223,832

(655,071)

568,761

Total production stage stream and royalty interests

3,687,394

(1,798,620)

1,888,774

Development stage stream interests:

Other

12,038

12,038

Development stage royalty interests:

Côté

45,421

45,421

Other

81,132

81,132

Total development stage stream and royalty interests

138,591

138,591

Exploration stage stream interests:

Xavantina

19,565

19,565

Exploration stage royalty interests:

Cortez (Legacy Zone and CC Zone)

456,479

456,479

Great Bear

209,106

209,106

Pascua-Lama

177,690

177,690

Red Chris

48,895

48,895

Côté

29,610

29,610

Other

106,864

106,864

Total exploration stage stream and royalty interests

1,048,209

1,048,209

Total stream and royalty interests, net

$

4,874,194

$

(1,798,620)

$

3,075,574

As of December 31, 2022 (Amounts in thousands):

    

Cost

    

Accumulated Depletion

    

Impairments

Net

Production stage stream interests:

Mount Milligan

$

790,635

$

(392,804)

$

$

397,831

Pueblo Viejo

610,404

(289,537)

320,867

Andacollo

388,182

(151,870)

236,312

Khoemacau

265,911

(15,905)

250,006

Rainy River

175,727

(61,601)

114,126

Other

215,576

(110,711)

104,865

Total production stage stream interests

2,446,435

(1,022,428)

1,424,007

Production stage royalty interests:

Cortez (Legacy Zone and CC Zone)

353,772

(35,276)

318,496

Voisey's Bay

205,724

(118,327)

87,397

Red Chris

116,187

(1,797)

114,390

Peñasquito

99,172

(57,772)

41,400

Other

447,535

(398,513)

49,022

Total production stage royalty interests

1,222,390

(611,685)

610,705

Total production stage stream and royalty interests

3,668,825

(1,634,113)

2,034,712

Development stage stream interests:

Other

12,038

12,038

Development stage royalty interests:

Côté

45,421

45,421

Other

74,225

74,225

Total development stage stream and royalty interests

131,684

131,684

Exploration stage stream interests:

Xavantina

34,253

34,253

Exploration stage royalty interests:

Cortez (Legacy Zone and CC Zone)

456,318

456,318

Great Bear

209,106

209,106

Pascua-Lama

177,690

177,690

Red Chris

48,895

48,895

Côté

29,610

29,610

Other

119,421

(4,287)

115,134

Total exploration stage royalty interests

1,075,293

(4,287)

1,071,006

Total stream and royalty interests, net

$

4,875,802

$

(1,634,113)

$

(4,287)

$

3,237,402

Impairment

In accordance with our impairment accounting policy discussed in Note 2, impairment in the carrying value of each stream and royalty interest is measured and recorded to the extent that the carrying value in each stream and royalty interest exceeds its estimated fair value, which is generally calculated using estimated future discounted cash-flows.

During the quarter ended December 31, 2022, an indicator of impairment was identified on one of our non-principal exploration stage royalty interests due to new legal information received. Based on legal proceedings and subsequent legal analysis, we determined the carrying value of the non-principal exploration stage royalty interest was not recoverable and an impairment of $4.3 million was necessary. At December 31, 2022, our carrying value for the non-principal exploration stage royalty interest was zero.

There were no impairment charges on any of our stream and royalty interests for the year ended December 31, 2023.

v3.24.0.1
DEBT
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
DEBT  
DEBT

5. DEBT

The Company’s debt for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, consists of the following:

As of December 31, 2023

As of December 31, 2022

   

Principal

   

Debt Issuance Costs

   

Total

   

Principal

   

Debt Issuance Costs

   

Total

(Amounts in thousands)

(Amounts in thousands)

Revolving credit facility

$

250,000

$

(4,033)

$

245,967

$

575,000

$

(3,428)

$

571,572

Total debt

$

250,000

$

(4,033)

$

245,967

$

575,000

$

(3,428)

$

571,572

Revolving Credit Facility

On March 6, June 6, September 6, and December 6, 2023, we repaid $75 million, $100 million, $75 million, and $75 million, respectively, on our revolving credit facility.

On June 28, 2023, we entered into a fifth amendment to our revolving credit facility dated as of June 2, 2017, as amended. The fifth amendment extended the scheduled maturity date from July 7, 2026 to June 28, 2028, replaced LIBOR with Secured Overnight Financing Rate (Term SOFR”) as a benchmark interest rate and made certain other administrative changes to the existing revolving credit facility.

As of December 31, 2023, we had $250 million of debt outstanding with an all-in rate interest rate on borrowings of 6.56% and $750 million available under our revolving credit facility. Interest expense recognized on the revolving credit facility for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, six months ended December 31, 2021 and fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 was approximately $28.4 million, $10.0 million, $1.4 million and $3.3 million, respectively, and included interest on the outstanding borrowings and the amortization of the debt issuance costs. We were in compliance with each financial covenant (leverage ratio and interest coverage ratio) under the revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2023.

Royal Gold may repay any borrowings under the revolving credit facility at any time without premium or penalty.

v3.24.0.1
LEASES
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
LEASES  
LEASES

6. LEASES

Our significant lease arrangements relate to our office spaces. These arrangements are for leases of assets such as corporate office space and office equipment. We lease office space and office equipment under operating leases expiring at various dates through the year ending December 31, 2030. The following amounts were recorded in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2023 (amounts in thousands):

Classification

December 31, 2023

Operating Leases

Right-of-use assets - current

Prepaid expenses and other

$

833

Right-of-use assets - non-current

Other assets

3,939

Total right-of-use assets

$

4,772

Lease liabilities - current

Other current liabilities

$

972

Lease liabilities - non-current

Other long-term liabilities

4,673

Total operating lease liabilities

$

5,645

Maturities of operating lease liabilities at December 31, 2023 were as follows (amounts in thousands):

Fiscal Years:

Operating Leases

2024

$

1,102

2025

1,026

2026

1,027

2027

1,027

2028

789

Thereafter

1,112

Total lease payments

$

6,083

Less imputed interest

(438)

Total

$

5,645

Other information pertaining to leases consists of the following:

December 31, 2023

Operating Lease Term and Discount Rate

Weighted average remaining lease term in years

6

Weighted average discount rate

2.5%

We did not have any finance leases as of December 31, 2023.

v3.24.0.1
REVENUE
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
REVENUE  
REVENUE

7. REVENUE

Revenue Recognition

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer control of a distinct good or service (or integrated package of goods and/or services) to a customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, a performance obligation is satisfied. In accordance with this guidance, revenue attributable to our stream interests and royalty interests is generally recognized at the point in time that control of the related metal production transfers to our customers. The amount of revenue we recognize further reflects the consideration to which we are entitled under the respective stream or royalty agreement. A more detailed summary of our revenue recognition policies for our stream and royalty interests is discussed below.

Stream Interests

A metal stream is a purchase agreement that provides, in exchange for an upfront deposit payment, the right to purchase all or a portion of one or more of the metals produced from a mine, at a price determined for the life of the transaction by the purchase agreement. Gold, silver and copper received under our metal stream agreements are taken into inventory, and then sold primarily using average spot rate gold, silver and copper forward contracts. The sales price for these average spot rate forward contracts is determined by the average daily gold, silver or copper spot prices during the term of the contract, typically a consecutive number of trading days between ten days and three months (depending on the frequency of deliveries under the respective stream agreement and our sales policy in effect at the time) commencing shortly after receipt and purchase of the metal. We settle our forward sales contracts via physical delivery of the metal to the purchaser (our customer) on the settlement date specified in the contract. Under our forward sales contracts, there is a single performance obligation to sell a contractually specified volume of metal to the purchaser, and we satisfy this obligation at the point in time of physical delivery. Accordingly, revenue from our metal sales is recognized on the date of settlement, which is the date that control, custody and title to the metal transfer to the purchaser.

Royalty Interests

Royalties are non-operating interests in mining projects that provide the right to a percentage of revenue or metals produced from the project after deducting specified costs, if any. We are entitled to payment for our royalty interest in a mining project based on a contractually specified commodity price (for example, a monthly or quarterly average spot price) for the period in which metal production occurred. As a royalty holder, we act as a passive entity in the production and operations of the mining project, and the third-party operator of the mining project is responsible for all mining activities, including subsequent marketing and delivery of all metal production to their ultimate customer. In all of our material royalty interest arrangements, we have concluded that we transfer control of our interest in the metal production to the operator at the point at which production occurs, and thus, the operator is our customer. We have further determined that the transfer of each unit of metal production, comprising our royalty interest, to the operator represents a separate performance obligation under the contract, and each performance obligation is satisfied at the point in time of metal production by the operator. Accordingly, we recognize revenue attributable to our royalty interests in the period in which metal production occurs at the specified commodity price per the agreement, net of any contractually allowable offsite treatment, refining, transportation and, if applicable, other contractually permitted costs.

Royalty Revenue Estimates

For a small number of our royalty interests, we may not receive, or be entitled to receive, payment information, including production information from the operator, for the period in which metal production occurred prior to issuance of our financial statements. As a result, we may estimate revenue for these royalties based on available information, including public information, from the operator. If adequate information is not available from the operator or from other public sources before we issue our financial statements, we will recognize royalty revenue during the period in which the necessary payment information is received. Differences between estimates and actual amounts could differ significantly and are recorded in the period that the actual amounts are known. Please also refer to our “Use of Estimates” accounting policy discussed in Note 2. For the quarter ended December 31, 2023, royalty revenue that was estimated or was attributable to metal production for a period prior to December 31, 2023, was not material.

Disaggregation of Revenue

We have identified two material revenue sources in our business: stream interests and royalty interests. These identified revenue sources are consistent with our reportable segments as discussed in Note 14.

Revenue by metal type attributable to each of our revenue sources is disaggregated as follows (amounts in thousands):

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

June 30,

    

2023

    

2022

    

2021

    

2021

Stream revenue:

    Gold

$

307,797

$

308,302

$

165,031

$

323,980

    Silver

64,851

50,591

30,576

43,281

    Copper

45,632

58,900

30,944

56,728

         Total stream revenue

$

418,280

$

417,793

$

226,551

$

423,989

Royalty revenue:

    Gold

154,327

$

131,014

$

85,151

$

131,784

    Silver

8,554

13,690

8,253

16,198

    Copper

11,792

15,019

9,511

16,448

    Other

12,764

25,690

13,486

27,437

         Total royalty revenue

$

187,437

$

185,413

$

116,401

$

191,867

Total revenue

$

605,717

$

603,206

$

342,952

$

615,856

Revenue by metal type attributable to each of our principal property revenue sources is disaggregated as follows (amounts in thousands):

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

June 30,

Metal(s)

2023

2022

2021

2021

Stream revenue:

    Mount Milligan

Gold & Copper

$

158,167

$

180,543

$

95,509

$

156,938

    Pueblo Viejo

Gold & Silver

76,247

85,863

52,958

115,583

    Andacollo

Gold

48,920

47,347

28,076

82,164

    Khoemacau

Silver

34,602

18,786

5,096

    Other

Gold & Silver

100,344

85,254

44,912

69,304

         Total stream revenue

$

418,280

$

417,793

$

226,551

$

423,989

Royalty revenue:

    Cortez Legacy Zone

Gold

$

79,920

$

47,769

$

33,768

$

36,160

    Cortez CC Zone

Gold

14,626

2,790

    Peñasquito

Gold, Silver, Lead & Zinc

17,772

43,165

26,432

49,688

    Other

Various

75,119

91,689

56,201

106,019

         Total royalty revenue

$

187,437

$

185,413

$

116,401

$

191,867

Total revenue

$

605,717

$

603,206

$

342,952

$

615,856

Refer to Note 14 for the geographical distribution of our revenue by reportable segment.

v3.24.0.1
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION  
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

8. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

In November 2015, our stockholders approved the 2015 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan (“2015 LTIP”). Under the 2015 LTIP, 2,500,000 shares of common stock have been authorized for future grants to officers, directors, key employees and other persons. The 2015 LTIP provides for the grant of stock options, unrestricted stock, restricted stock, dividend equivalent rights, SSARs and cash awards. Any of these awards may, but need not, be made as performance incentives. Stock options granted under the 2015 LTIP may be non-qualified stock options or incentive stock options.

We recognized stock-based compensation expense as follows (amounts in thousands):

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31,

December 31,

December 31,

June 30,

    

2023

    

2022

    

2021

    

2021

Restricted stock

$

6,191

$

4,515

$

2,006

$

2,668

Performance stock

2,953

2,685

405

1,317

Stock appreciation rights

533

1,179

779

1,677

Stock options

19

32

28

68

Total stock-based compensation expense

$

9,696

$

8,411

$

3,218

$

5,730

Stock-based compensation expense is included within General and administrative expense on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights

Stock option and SSARs awards are granted with an exercise price equal to the closing market price of our stock at the date of grant. Stock option and SSARs awards granted to officers, key employees and other persons vest based on one to three years of continuous service. Stock option and SSARs awards have 10-year contractual terms. There were no stock

options or SSARs awards granted during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, or the six months ended December 31, 2021.

To determine stock-based compensation expense for stock options and SSARs, the fair value of each stock option and SSAR is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton (“Black-Scholes”) option pricing model for all periods presented. The Black-Scholes model requires key assumptions to determine fair value. Those key assumptions for the fiscal year June 30, 2021 grant is noted in the following tables:

Stock Options

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31,

December 31,

December 31,

June 30,

2023

2022

2021

    

2021

    

Weighted-average expected volatility

    

%  

%  

%  

39.4

%  

Weighted-average expected life in years

 

 

 

 

4.4

 

Weighted-average dividend yield

 

%  

%  

%  

0.9

%  

Weighted-average risk-free interest rate

 

%  

%  

%  

0.2

%  

SSARs

 

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31,

December 31,

December 31,

June 30,

2023

2022

2021

2021

 

Weighted-average expected volatility

%  

%  

%  

39.2

%

Weighted-average expected life in years

 

 

 

4.2

Weighted-average dividend yield

%  

%  

%  

0.9

%

Weighted-average risk-free interest rate

%  

%  

%  

0.2

%

Our expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of our stock over the expected option term. Our expected option term is determined by historical exercise patterns along with other known employee or company information at the time of grant. The risk-free interest rate is based on the zero-coupon U.S. Treasury bond at the time of grant with a term approximate to the expected option term.

Stock Options

A summary of stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2023, is presented below.

    

    

    

Weighted-

    

Weighted-

Average

Average

Remaining

Aggregate

Number of

Exercise

Contractual

Intrinsic Value

Shares

Price

Life (Years)

(in thousands)

Outstanding at January 1, 2023

 

17,878

$

81.17

 

  

 

  

Exercised

 

(6,534)

$

71.39

 

  

 

  

Forfeited

 

$

 

  

 

  

Granted

 

$

 

  

 

  

Outstanding at December 31, 2023

 

11,344

$

86.80

 

3.4

$

431

Exercisable at December 31, 2023

 

11,344

$

86.80

 

3.4

$

431

There were no stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 or the six months ended December 31, 2021. The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 was $41.92. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was

$0.5 million and $0.2 million, respectively. There were no options exercised during the six months ended December 31, 2021 or fiscal year ended June 30, 2021.

As of December 31, 2023, there was no unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options.

SSARs

A summary of SSARs activity for the year ended December 31, 2023, is presented below:

    

    

    

Weighted-

    

Weighted-

Average

Average

Remaining

Aggregate

Number of

Exercise

Contractual

Intrinsic Value

Shares

Price

Life (Years)

(in thousands)

Outstanding at January 1, 2023

 

174,906

$

111.65

 

  

 

  

Exercised

 

(17,627)

$

99.34

 

  

 

  

Forfeited

 

$

 

  

 

  

Granted

 

$

 

  

 

  

Outstanding at December 31, 2023

 

157,279

$

113.03

 

5.2

$

2,526

Exercisable at December 31, 2023

 

157,279

$

113.03

 

5.2

$

2,526

There were no SSARs granted during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 or the six months ended December 31, 2021. The weighted-average grant date fair value of SSARs granted during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 was $40.92. The total intrinsic value of SSARs exercised during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, and fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 was $0.7 million, $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively. There were no SSARs exercised during the six months ended December 31, 2021.

As of December 31, 2023, there was no unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested SSARs.

Other Stock-based Compensation

Performance Shares

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 and the six months ended December 31, 2021, officers and certain employees were granted shares of restricted common stock that may vest based on our total shareholder return (“TSR”) compared to the TSRs of certain defined members of the Van Eck Vectors Gold Miners ETF (“GDX”) (“Granted TSRs”). The Granted TSRs may vest by linear interpolation in a range between zero shares if neither threshold TSR metric is met; to 100% of the Granted TSRs awarded if the target TSR metric is met; to 200% of Granted TSRs awarded if the maximum TSR metric is met. The Granted TSRs will expire in three years from the date of grant if the TSR market condition is met and a three-year service condition is met.

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021, officers and certain employees were granted shares of restricted common stock that can only be earned upon the achievement of certain pre-defined performance measures. Specifically, for performance shares granted during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021, one-half of the shares awarded may vest upon our achievement of annual growth in Net Gold Equivalent Ounces (“Net GEOs”) (“GEO Shares”). The second half of performance shares granted during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 may vest based on our TSR compared to the TSRs of all members of the GDX (“Prior TSR Shares”). GEO Shares and Prior TSR Shares may vest by linear interpolation in a range between zero shares if neither threshold Net GEO and TSR metric is met; to 100% of GEO Shares and Prior TSR Shares awarded if both target Net GEO and TSR metrics are met; to 200% of the Net GEO and Prior TSR Shares awarded if both the maximum Net GEO and TSR metrics are met. The GEO Shares will expire in five years from the date of grant if the

performance measure is not met, while the Prior TSR Shares will expire in three years from the date of grant if the TSR market condition and three-year service condition are not met.

We measured the fair value of the GEO Shares based upon the market price of our common stock as of the date of grant. The measurement date for the GEO Shares will be determined at such time that the performance goals are attained or that it is probable they will be attained. At such time that it is probable that a performance condition will be achieved, compensation expense will be measured by the number of shares that will ultimately be earned based on the grant date market price of our common stock. For shares that were previously estimated to be probable of vesting and are no longer deemed to be probable of vesting, compensation expense is reversed during the period in which it is determined they are no longer probable of vesting. Interim recognition of compensation expense will be made at such time as management can reasonably estimate the number of shares that will be earned. GEO Shares granted in August 2020 and 2019 remain outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and the Company will continue to measure these awards for vesting until each awards expiration or performance attainment, whichever date is first.

We measured the grant date fair value of the Granted TSRs and Prior TSR Shares using a Monte Carlo valuation model. The fair value of our TSR awards is multiplied by the target number (100%) of TSR awards granted to determine total stock-based compensation expense. Total stock-based compensation expense of the TSR awards is amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, or three years. Stock-based compensation expense for the TSR awards is recognized provided the requisite service period is rendered, regardless of when, if ever, the TSR market condition is satisfied. We will reverse previously recognized stock-based compensation expense attributable to the TSR awards only if the requisite service period is not met.

A summary of the status of our unvested Performance Shares at maximum (200%) attainment for the year ended December 31, 2023, is presented below:

    

    

Weighted-

Average

Number of

Grant Date

Shares

Fair Value

Outstanding at January 1, 2023

 

166,441

$

122.05

Granted

 

82,740

$

139.50

Exercised

 

(5,847)

$

82.30

Non-attainment

 

(27,143)

$

79.84

Forfeited

 

$

Outstanding at December 31, 2023

 

216,191

$

135.11

As of December 31, 2023, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to Performance Shares was approximately $5.7 million, which is expected to be recognized over the average remaining vesting period of 1.7 years.

Restricted Stock

Officers, non-executive directors and certain employees may be granted shares of restricted stock that vest on continued service alone (“Restricted Stock”). During the year ended December 31, 2023, officers and certain employees were granted 49,480 shares of Restricted Stock. Restricted Stock granted to officers and certain employees during the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and the six months ended December 31, 2021, vest ratably over three years from the date of grant, while Restricted Stock granted to officers and certain employees during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 vest over three years beginning after a two-year holding period from the date of grant with one-third of the shares vesting in years three, four and five, respectively. Also, our non-executive directors were granted 7,230 shares of Restricted Stock during the year ended December 31, 2023. The non-executive directors’ shares of Restricted Stock vest 50% immediately and 50% one year after the date of grant.

We measure the fair value of the Restricted Stock based upon the market price of our common stock as of the date of grant. Restricted Stock is amortized over the applicable vesting period using the straight-line method. Unvested shares of Restricted Stock are subject to forfeiture upon termination of employment or service.

A summary of the status of our unvested Restricted Stock for the year ended December 31, 2023, is presented below:

    

    

Weighted-

Average

Number of

Grant Date

Shares

Fair Value

Outstanding at January 1, 2023

 

120,542

$

116.76

Granted

 

56,710

$

120.67

Vested

 

(41,139)

$

115.24

Forfeited

 

$

Exercised

$

Outstanding at December 31, 2023

 

136,113

$

118.84

As of December 31, 2023, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to Restricted Stock was approximately $7.2 million, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average vesting period of 1.7 years.

v3.24.0.1
EARNINGS PER SHARE ("EPS")
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
EARNINGS PER SHARE ("EPS")  
EARNINGS PER SHARE ("EPS")

9. EARNINGS PER SHARE (“EPS”)

Basic earnings per common share were computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, considering the effect of participating securities. Unvested stock-based compensation awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents are considered participating securities and are included in the computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. Our unvested restricted stock awards contain non-forfeitable dividend rights and participate equally with common stock with respect to dividends issued or declared. Our unexercised stock options, unexercised SSARs and unvested performance stock do not contain rights to dividends. Under the two-class method, the earnings used to determine basic earnings per common share are reduced by an amount allocated to participating securities. Use of the two-class method has an immaterial impact on the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share.

The following table summarizes the effects of dilutive securities on diluted EPS for the period (amounts in thousands, except share data):

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31,

June 30,

    

2023

    

2022

    

2021

    

2021

Net income attributable to Royal Gold common stockholders

$

239,440

$

238,982

$

138,339

$

302,532

Weighted-average shares for basic EPS

65,613,002

65,576,995

65,560,468

65,546,400

Effect of other dilutive securities

126,108

84,753

64,099

81,191

Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS

65,739,110

65,661,748

65,624,567

65,627,591

Basic EPS

$

3.64

$

3.64

$

2.11

$

4.61

Diluted EPS

$

3.63

$

3.63

$

2.10

$

4.60

v3.24.0.1
INCOME TAXES
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
INCOME TAXES  
INCOME TAXES

10. INCOME TAXES

For financial reporting purposes, Income before income taxes includes the following components (amounts in thousands):

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

June 30,

2023

2022

2021

2021

United States

    

$

64,105

    

$

86,321

    

$

68,239

    

$

130,175

Foreign

 

218,035

 

186,547

 

100,597

 

209,468

$

282,140

$

272,868

$

168,836

$

339,643

Our Income tax expense consisted of (amounts in thousands):

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31,

June 30,

2023

2022

2021

2021

Current:

    

  

    

  

    

  

    

  

Federal

$

24,046

$

29,228

$

19,285

$

38,146

State

 

(68)

 

467

 

(503)

 

867

Foreign

 

24,499

 

23,067

 

8,716

 

(2,602)

$

48,477

$

52,762

$

27,498

$

36,411

Deferred and others:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Federal

$

(763)

$

(957)

$

104

$

376

State

 

(14)

 

(18)

 

2

 

(2)

Foreign

 

(5,692)

 

(18,861)

 

2,404

 

82

$

(6,469)

$

(19,836)

$

2,510

$

456

Total income tax expense

$

42,008

$

32,926

$

30,008

$

36,867

The provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, six months ended December 31, 2021, and fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the applicable United States statutory federal income tax rate to pre-tax income (net of non-controlling interest in income of consolidated subsidiary and loss from equity investment) from operations as a result of the following differences (amounts in thousands):

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31,

June 30,

2023

2022

2021

2021

Total expense computed by applying federal rates

    

$

59,249

    

$

57,303

    

$

35,456

    

$

71,325

State and provincial income taxes, net of federal benefit

 

625

 

545

 

518

 

874

Excess depletion

 

(2,259)

 

(1,907)

 

(1,363)

 

(1,812)

Estimates for uncertain tax positions

 

 

 

(910)

 

(26,179)

Statutory tax attributable to non-controlling interest

 

(224)

 

(363)

 

(219)

 

(72)

Effect of foreign earnings

 

(10,116)

 

(8,846)

 

(3,896)

 

(7,659)

Unrealized foreign exchange gains

 

(988)

 

853

 

54

 

(616)

Rate adjustment

(6)

1,694

Changes in estimates

 

11

 

119

 

(2,614)

 

(858)

Valuation allowance

(6,030)

(15,877)

833

1,284

Other

 

1,746

 

1,099

 

455

 

580

Total income tax expense

$

42,008

$

32,926

$

30,008

$

36,867

The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2023, was 14.9% which included the release of a valuation allowance on certain foreign deferred tax assets. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2022, was 12.1%, which included the release of a valuation allowance on certain foreign deferred tax assets. The effective tax rate for six months ended December 31, 2021, was 17.8% which included the release of an uncertain tax position resulting from settlement agreements with foreign tax authorities and a change in estimates, partially offset by a foreign tax rate adjustment resulting in the revaluation of certain deferred tax assets. The effective tax rate for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021, was 10.9%, primarily impacted by the release of uncertain tax positions resulting from settlement agreements with foreign tax authorities.

The tax effects of temporary differences and carryforwards, which give rise to our deferred tax assets and liabilities on December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (amounts in thousands):

December 31, 

December 31, 

2023

2022

Deferred tax assets:

    

  

    

  

Stock-based compensation

$

1,952

$

1,846

Net operating losses

 

4,683

 

3,184

Foreign tax credits

35,751

33,301

Amortizable tax goodwill

46,821

52,783

Other

 

5,044

 

4,575

Total deferred tax assets

 

94,251

 

95,689

Valuation allowance

 

(40,814)

 

(46,844)

Net deferred tax assets

$

53,437

$

48,845

Deferred tax liabilities:

 

  

 

  

Mineral property basis

$

(122,543)

$

(124,373)

Unrealized foreign exchange gains

 

(582)

 

(582)

Other

 

(97)

 

(143)

Total deferred tax liabilities

 

(123,222)

 

(125,098)

Total net deferred taxes

$

(69,785)

$

(76,253)

We review the measurement of our deferred tax assets at each balance sheet date. Considering all available positive and negative evidence, including but not limited to recent earnings history and forecasted future results, the Company believes it is more likely-than-not that all net deferred tax assets not currently burdened with a valuation allowance will be fully realized. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded a valuation allowance of $40.8 million and $46.8 million, respectively. The valuation allowance remaining at December 31, 2023 is attributable to US foreign tax credits of $35.8 million and capital losses of $1.9 million and other tax attribute carryforwards of $3.2 million in non-US subsidiaries.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had $4.7 million and $3.2 million of net operating loss carryforwards. The majority of the tax loss carryforwards are in jurisdictions that allow a twenty-year carry-forward period. As a result, these losses do not begin to expire until the 2038 tax year, and the Company anticipates the losses will be fully utilized.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had zero unrecognized tax benefits. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, six months ended December 31, 2021, and fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 is as follows (amounts in thousands):

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31,

June 30,

2023

2022

2021

2021

Total gross unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year

    

$

    

$

    

$

652

    

$

25,389

Additions / Reductions for tax positions of current year

 

 

 

 

Additions / Reductions for tax positions of prior years

(60)

(812)

Reductions due to settlements with taxing authorities

 

 

 

(592)

 

(23,925)

Total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits at end of year

$

$

$

$

652

We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various state and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. Federal, state and local, and non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for fiscal years before 2020.

Our continuing practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as part of our income tax expense. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the six months ended December 31, 2021, the amount of accrued income-tax-related interest and penalties was zero. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021, the accrued income-tax-related interest and penalties was $0.3 million. The gross unrecognized tax benefits reflected in the tabular reconciliation do not include interest and penalties.

v3.24.0.1
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION  
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

11. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

Our supplemental cash flow information for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, six months ended December 31, 2021, and fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 is as follows (amounts in thousands):

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31,

June 30,

2023

2022

2021

2021

Cash paid during the period for:

    

  

    

  

    

  

    

  

Interest

$

28,054

$

7,218

$

304

$

3,510

Income taxes, net of refunds

$

50,303

$

54,804

$

24,166

$

58,970

Non-cash investing and financing activities:

 

 

 

 

Dividends declared

$

100,232

$

93,597

$

42,659

$

77,416

v3.24.0.1
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS  
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

12. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, we utilize a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1: Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

Level 2: Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques requiring inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (supported by little or no market activity).

As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had financial assets in the form of marketable securities which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis; however, the carrying value of such financial assets is not material.

The carrying value of our revolving credit facility (Note 5) approximates fair value as of December 31, 2023.

As of December 31, 2023, we had assets that, under certain conditions, are subject to measurement at fair value on a non-recurring basis like those associated with stream and royalty interests, intangible assets and other long-lived assets. For these assets, measurement at fair value in periods subsequent to their initial recognition is applicable if any of these assets are determined to be impaired. If recognition of these assets at their fair value becomes necessary, such measurements will be determined utilizing Level 3 inputs.

v3.24.0.1
MAJOR SOURCES OF REVENUE
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
MAJOR SOURCES OF REVENUE  
MAJOR SOURCES OF REVENUE

13. MAJOR SOURCES OF REVENUE

Operators that contributed greater than 10% of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the six months ended December 31, 2021, and the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 were as follows (revenue amounts in thousands):

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

June 30,

2023

2022

2021

2021

Operator

Revenue

Percentage of total revenue

Revenue

Percentage of total revenue

Revenue

Percentage of total revenue

Revenue

Percentage of total revenue

Centerra

    

$

158,167

26.1

%  

    

$

180,543

    

30.0

%  

$

95,509

    

27.8

%  

$

156,938

    

25.5

%  

Nevada Gold Mines

101,870

16.8

%  

57,730

9.6

%  

39,609

11.5

%  

41,111

6.7

%  

Barrick

75,259

12.4

%  

140,421

 

23.3

%  

89,177

 

26.0

%  

157,972

 

25.7

%  

Teck

 

48,920

8.1

%  

 

47,347

 

7.9

%  

 

28,076

 

8.2

%  

 

82,164

 

13.3

%  

v3.24.0.1
SEGMENT INFORMATION
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
SEGMENT INFORMATION  
SEGMENT INFORMATION

14. SEGMENT INFORMATION

We manage our business under two reportable segments, consisting of the acquisition and management of stream interests and the acquisition and management of royalty interests. Royal Gold’s long-lived assets (stream and royalty interests, net) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are geographically distributed as shown in the following table (amounts in thousands):

As of December 31, 2023

As of December 31, 2022

Total stream

Total stream

Stream

Royalty

and royalty

Stream

Royalty

and royalty

  

interest

  

interest

  

interests, net

  

interest

  

interest

  

interests, net

Canada

$

461,398

$

614,900

$

1,076,298

$

511,957

$

620,549

$

1,132,506

Dominican Republic

311,050

311,050

320,867

320,867

Africa

264,529

321

264,850

299,722

321

300,043

Chile

222,629

224,116

446,745

236,312

224,116

460,428

United States

794,891

794,891

823,203

823,203

Mexico

41,803

41,803

50,156

50,156

Australia

21,288

21,288

22,120

22,120

Rest of world

92,010

26,639

118,649

101,440

26,639

128,079

Total

$

1,351,616

$

1,723,958

$

3,075,574

$

1,470,298

$

1,767,104

$

3,237,402

Our reportable segments for purposes of assessing performance are shown below (amounts in thousands):

Year Ended December 31, 2023

    

Revenue

    

Cost of sales (1)

    

Production taxes

    

Depletion (2)

    

Segment gross profit

Stream interests

$

418,280

$

90,523

$

$

121,121

$

206,636

Royalty interests

187,437

7,294

43,385

136,758

Total

$

605,717

$

90,523

$

7,294

$

164,506

$

343,394

Year Ended December 31, 2022

    

Revenue

    

Cost of sales (1)

    

Production taxes

    

Depletion (2)

    

Segment gross profit

Stream interests

$

417,793

$

94,642

$

$

143,526

$

179,625

Royalty interests

185,413

7,021

34,916

143,476

Total

$

603,206

$

94,642

$

7,021

$

178,442

$

323,101

Six Months Ended December 31, 2021

    

Revenue

    

Cost of sales (1)

    

Production taxes

    

Depletion (2)

    

Segment gross profit

Stream interests

$

226,551

$

52,329

$

$

82,603

$

91,619

Royalty interests

116,401

4,412

16,867

95,122

Total

$

342,952

$

52,329

$

4,412

$

99,470

$

186,741

Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2021

    

Revenue

    

Cost of sales (1)

    

Production taxes

    

Depletion (2)

    

Segment gross profit

Stream interests

$

423,989

$

92,898

$

$

150,594

$

180,497

Royalty interests

191,867

6,743

32,619

152,505

Total

$

615,856

$

92,898

$

6,743

$

183,213

$

333,002

(1)Excludes depreciation, depletion and amortization
(2)Depletion amounts are included within Depreciation, depletion and amortization on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income

A reconciliation of total segment gross profit to the consolidated Income before income taxes is shown below (amounts in thousands):

    

Years Ended

    

Six Months Ended

    

Fiscal Year Ended

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

June 30,

    

2023

    

2022

    

2021

    

2021

Total segment gross profit

    

$

343,394

    

$

323,101

    

$

186,741

    

$

333,002

    

    

    

    

Costs and expenses

    

    

    

    

General and administrative expenses

    

39,761

    

34,612

    

15,163

    

28,387

Exploration costs

    

    

    

    

563

Depreciation

    

431

    

493

    

215

    

356

Impairment of royalty interests

    

    

4,287

    

    

Total costs and expenses

    

40,192

    

39,392

    

15,378

    

29,306

Gain on sale of Peak Gold JV interest

    

    

    

    

33,906

Operating income

    

303,202

    

283,709

    

171,363

    

337,602

Fair value changes in equity securities

    

(147)

    

(1,503)

    

(1,350)

    

6,017

Interest and other income

    

9,952

    

7,832

    

1,610

    

2,443

Interest and other expense

    

(30,867)

    

(17,170)

    

(2,787)

    

(6,419)

Income before income taxes

    

$

282,140

    

$

272,868

    

$

168,836

    

$

339,643

Our revenue by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, six months ended December 31, 2021 and fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 is geographically distributed as shown in the following table (amounts in thousands):

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31,

June 30,

    

2023

    

2022

    

2021

    

2021

Stream interests:

Canada

$

196,961

$

212,369

$

115,544

$

190,537

Dominican Republic

76,247

85,863

52,958

115,583

Africa

70,757

53,787

22,228

35,705

Chile

48,920

47,347

28,075

82,164

Rest of world

25,395

18,427

7,746

Total stream interests

$

418,280

$

417,793

$

226,551

$

423,989

Royalty interests:

United States

$

123,690

$

81,642

$

54,046

$

68,611

Mexico

25,754

52,388

31,858

58,212

Canada

12,712

27,210

13,756

31,671

Australia

19,011

15,672

11,174

21,466

Africa

316

1,107

2,801

Rest of world

6,270

8,185

4,460

9,106

Total royalty interests

$

187,437

$

185,413

$

116,401

$

191,867

Total revenue

$

605,717

$

603,206

$

342,952

$

615,856

v3.24.0.1
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES  
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Xavantina Exploration Payment

On April 20, 2023, we made a $2.4 million advance payment to a subsidiary of Ero Copper Corp. (“Ero”) as part of our commitment to support the achievement of success-based targets related to regional exploration and mineral resource additions. This payment was recorded to exploration-stage stream interests within Stream and royalty interests, net on our consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2023, $4.4 million of additional advance payments remain if Ero meets certain success-based targets related to regional exploration and mineral resource additions through calendar 2024.

Ilovica Gold Stream Acquisition

As of December 31, 2023, our conditional funding schedule of $163.75 million, as part of the Ilovica gold stream acquisition entered into in October 2014, remains subject to certain conditions.

v3.24.0.1
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS.  
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

16. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On February 13, 2024, RGLD Gold AG, a subsidiary of the Company, entered into a Processing Cost Support Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Centerra Gold Inc. (“Centerra”) with respect to the Mount Milligan Mine (“Mount Milligan”) for cash consideration of $24.5 million, 50,000 ounces of gold to be delivered in the future and a free cash flow interest. The cost support to Centerra is expected to allow for a reserve increase and extend the mine life at Mount Milligan to 2035. Our existing stream agreement on Mount Milligan remains in place and is unaffected by the additional Agreement. We are currently evaluating the accounting for the Agreement with Centerra and expect it will be completed during the quarter ending March 31, 2024.

v3.24.0.1
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENTLY ADOPTED AND RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENTLY ADOPTED AND RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS  
Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

We rely on mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates reported by the operators of properties on which we hold stream and royalty interests. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the potential impairments of long-lived assets and the ability to realize income tax benefits associated with deferred tax assets. These estimates and assumptions also affect the rate at which we recognize revenue or charge depreciation, depletion and amortization to earnings. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates these estimates and assumptions; however, actual amounts could differ from these estimates and assumptions. Differences between estimates and actual amounts are adjusted and recorded in the period that the actual amounts are known.

Basis of Consolidation

Basis of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Royal Gold, Inc. and its majority owned or controlled subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts, transactions, income and expenses, and profits or losses have been eliminated on consolidation.

Cash and Equivalents

Cash and Equivalents

Cash and equivalents consist of all cash balances and highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less. Cash and equivalents were primarily held in cash deposit accounts as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Stream and Royalty Interests in Mineral Properties and Related Depletion

Stream and Royalty Interests in Mineral Properties and Related Depletion

Stream and royalty interests include acquired stream and royalty interests in production, development and exploration stage properties. The costs of acquired stream and royalty interests are capitalized as tangible assets as such interests do not meet the definition of a financial asset.

Production stage stream and royalty interests are depleted using the units of production method over the life of the mineral property (as stream sales occur or royalty payments are recognized), which are estimated using proven and probable reserves as provided by the operator. Development stage mineral properties, which are not yet in production, are not depleted until the property begins production. Exploration stage mineral properties, where there are no proven and probable

reserves, are not depleted. At such time as the associated exploration stage mineral interests are converted to proven and probable reserves, and there is no production, the mineral property becomes a development stage mineral property. Exploration costs are expensed when incurred.

Asset Impairment

Asset Impairment

We evaluate long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. When impairment indicators are identified, the recoverability of the carrying value of stream and royalty interests in production and development stage mineral properties is evaluated based upon estimated future undiscounted net cash flows from each stream and royalty interest using estimates of proven and probable mineral reserves, mineral resources and other relevant information received from the operators. We evaluate the recoverability of the carrying value of royalty interests in exploration stage mineral properties in the event of significant decreases in the price of gold, silver, copper and other metals, and whenever new information regarding the mineral properties is obtained from the operator indicating that production will not likely occur or may be reduced in the future, thus potentially affecting the future recoverability of our stream or royalty interests. Impairments in the carrying value of each property are measured and recorded to the extent that the carrying value in each property exceeds its estimated fair value, which is generally calculated using estimated future discounted cash flows.

Estimates of gold, silver, copper, and other metal prices, and operators’ estimates of proven and probable mineral reserves or mineral resources related to our stream or royalty properties are subject to certain risks and uncertainties which may affect the recoverability of our investment in these stream and royalty interests in mineral properties. It is possible that changes could occur to these estimates, which could adversely affect the net cash flows expected to be generated from these stream and royalty interests. Refer to Note 4 for discussion and the results of our impairment assessments for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, six months ended December 31, 2021, and fiscal year ended June 30, 2021.

Revenue

Revenue

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer control of a distinct good or service (or integrated package of goods and/or services) to a customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, a performance obligation is satisfied. In accordance with this guidance, revenue attributable to our stream interests and royalty interests is generally recognized at the point in time that control of the related metal production transfers to our customers. The amount of revenue we recognize further reflects the consideration to which we are entitled under the respective stream or royalty agreement. A more detailed summary of our revenue recognition policies for our stream and royalty interests is discussed in Note 7.

Metal Sales

Gold, silver and copper received under our metal stream agreements are taken into inventory, and then sold primarily using average spot rate gold, silver and copper forward contracts. The sales price for these average spot rate forward contracts is determined by the average daily gold, silver or copper spot prices during the term of the contract, typically a consecutive number of trading days between 10 days and three months (depending on the frequency of deliveries under the respective stream agreement and our sales activity in effect at the time) commencing shortly after receipt and purchase of the metal. Revenue from gold, silver and copper sales is recognized on the date of the settlement, which is also the date that title to the metal passes to the purchaser.

Cost of Sales

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales, which excludes depreciation, depletion and amortization, is specific to our stream agreements and is the result of our purchase of gold, silver and copper for a cash payment. The cash payment for gold from Mount Milligan is

the lesser of $435 per ounce or the prevailing market price of gold when purchased, while the cash payment for our other streams is a set contractual percentage of the gold, silver or copper spot price near the date of metal delivery.

Production Taxes

Production Taxes

Certain royalty payments are subject to production taxes (or mining proceeds taxes), which are recognized at the time of revenue recognition. Production taxes are not income taxes and are included within the costs and expenses section in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

We recognize all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, stock-settled stock appreciation rights (“SSARs”), restricted stock and performance shares, in our financial statements based upon their fair values.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Our annual tax rate is based on income, statutory tax rates in effect, and tax planning opportunities available to us in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. Significant judgment is required in determining the annual tax expense, current tax assets and liabilities, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and our future taxable income, both as a whole and in various tax jurisdictions, for purposes of assessing our ability to realize future benefit from our deferred tax assets. Actual income taxes could vary from these estimates due to future changes in income tax law, significant changes in the jurisdictions in which we operate or unpredicted results from the final determination of each year’s liability by taxing authorities.

We treat global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) as a period cost and therefore do not record deferred tax impacts of GILTI in our consolidated financial statements. Our deferred income taxes reflect the impact of temporary differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and such amounts measured by tax laws and regulations. In evaluating the realizability of the deferred tax assets, management considers both positive and negative evidence that may exist, such as earnings history, reversal of taxable temporary differences, forecasted operating earnings and available tax planning strategies in each tax jurisdiction. A valuation allowance may be established to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that is considered more likely than not to be realized through the generation of future taxable income and other tax planning strategies.

Our operations may involve dealing with uncertainties and judgments in the application of complex tax regulations in multiple jurisdictions. The final taxes paid are dependent upon many factors, including negotiations with taxing authorities in various jurisdictions and resolution of disputes arising from federal, state, and international tax audits. We recognize potential liabilities and record tax liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues in the United States and other tax jurisdictions based on our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. We adjust these reserves in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of a tax audit; however, due to the complexity of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution could result in a payment that is materially different from our current estimate of the tax liabilities. These differences will be reflected as increases or decreases to income tax expense in the period which they are determined. We recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.

Earnings per Share

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to Royal Gold common stockholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares for the period, considering the effect of participating securities. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts that may require issuance of common shares were converted. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period.

Recent Accounting Standards

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the Financial Standards Accounting Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09 “Income Taxes (Topics 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” to expand the disclosure requirements for income taxes, specifically related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective for our annual periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential effect that the updated standard will have on our financial statement disclosures.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 is effective for our annual periods beginning January 1, 2024, and for interim periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential effect that the updated standard will have on our financial statement disclosures.

v3.24.0.1
ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS  
Schedule of asset acquisition

(in thousands)

Purchase Price

$

151,679

Cash

315

Other assets

293

Royalty interests in mineral property (Great Bear royalty)

151,071

Total allocated purchase price

$

151,679

v3.24.0.1
STREAM AND ROYALTY INTERESTS, NET (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
STREAM AND ROYALTY INTERESTS, NET  
Schedule of stream and royalty interests

As of December 31, 2023 (Amounts in thousands):

    

Cost

    

Accumulated Depletion

    

Net

Production stage stream interests:

Mount Milligan

$

790,635

$

(430,106)

$

360,529

Pueblo Viejo

610,404

(299,354)

311,050

Andacollo

388,182

(165,553)

222,629

Khoemacau

265,911

(41,635)

224,276

Rainy River

175,727

(74,858)

100,869

Other

232,703

(132,043)

100,660

Total production stage stream interests

2,463,562

(1,143,549)

1,320,013

Production stage royalty interests:

Cortez (Legacy Zone and CC Zone)

353,850

(61,891)

291,959

Voisey's Bay

205,724

(121,000)

84,724

Red Chris

116,187

(3,758)

112,429

Peñasquito

99,172

(59,900)

39,272

Other

448,899

(408,522)

40,377

Total production stage royalty interests

1,223,832

(655,071)

568,761

Total production stage stream and royalty interests

3,687,394

(1,798,620)

1,888,774

Development stage stream interests:

Other

12,038

12,038

Development stage royalty interests:

Côté

45,421

45,421

Other

81,132

81,132

Total development stage stream and royalty interests

138,591

138,591

Exploration stage stream interests:

Xavantina

19,565

19,565

Exploration stage royalty interests:

Cortez (Legacy Zone and CC Zone)

456,479

456,479

Great Bear

209,106

209,106

Pascua-Lama

177,690

177,690

Red Chris

48,895

48,895

Côté

29,610

29,610

Other

106,864

106,864

Total exploration stage stream and royalty interests

1,048,209

1,048,209

Total stream and royalty interests, net

$

4,874,194

$

(1,798,620)

$

3,075,574

As of December 31, 2022 (Amounts in thousands):

    

Cost

    

Accumulated Depletion

    

Impairments

Net

Production stage stream interests:

Mount Milligan

$

790,635

$

(392,804)

$

$

397,831

Pueblo Viejo

610,404

(289,537)

320,867

Andacollo

388,182

(151,870)

236,312

Khoemacau

265,911

(15,905)

250,006

Rainy River

175,727

(61,601)

114,126

Other

215,576

(110,711)

104,865

Total production stage stream interests

2,446,435

(1,022,428)

1,424,007

Production stage royalty interests:

Cortez (Legacy Zone and CC Zone)

353,772

(35,276)

318,496

Voisey's Bay

205,724

(118,327)

87,397

Red Chris

116,187

(1,797)

114,390

Peñasquito

99,172

(57,772)

41,400

Other

447,535

(398,513)

49,022

Total production stage royalty interests

1,222,390

(611,685)

610,705

Total production stage stream and royalty interests

3,668,825

(1,634,113)

2,034,712

Development stage stream interests:

Other

12,038

12,038

Development stage royalty interests:

Côté

45,421

45,421

Other

74,225

74,225

Total development stage stream and royalty interests

131,684

131,684

Exploration stage stream interests:

Xavantina

34,253

34,253

Exploration stage royalty interests:

Cortez (Legacy Zone and CC Zone)

456,318

456,318

Great Bear

209,106

209,106

Pascua-Lama

177,690

177,690

Red Chris

48,895

48,895

Côté

29,610

29,610

Other

119,421

(4,287)

115,134

Total exploration stage royalty interests

1,075,293

(4,287)

1,071,006

Total stream and royalty interests, net

$

4,875,802

$

(1,634,113)

$

(4,287)

$

3,237,402

v3.24.0.1
DEBT (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
DEBT  
Schedule of debt

As of December 31, 2023

As of December 31, 2022

   

Principal

   

Debt Issuance Costs

   

Total

   

Principal

   

Debt Issuance Costs

   

Total

(Amounts in thousands)

(Amounts in thousands)

Revolving credit facility

$

250,000

$

(4,033)

$

245,967

$

575,000

$

(3,428)

$

571,572

Total debt

$

250,000

$

(4,033)

$

245,967

$

575,000

$

(3,428)

$

571,572

v3.24.0.1
LEASES (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
LEASES  
Schedule of lease balance sheet locations

Classification

December 31, 2023

Operating Leases

Right-of-use assets - current

Prepaid expenses and other

$

833

Right-of-use assets - non-current

Other assets

3,939

Total right-of-use assets

$

4,772

Lease liabilities - current

Other current liabilities

$

972

Lease liabilities - non-current

Other long-term liabilities

4,673

Total operating lease liabilities

$

5,645

Schedule of lease maturities

Maturities of operating lease liabilities at December 31, 2023 were as follows (amounts in thousands):

Fiscal Years:

Operating Leases

2024

$

1,102

2025

1,026

2026

1,027

2027

1,027

2028

789

Thereafter

1,112

Total lease payments

$

6,083

Less imputed interest

(438)

Total

$

5,645

Schedule of other lease information

Other information pertaining to leases consists of the following:

December 31, 2023

Operating Lease Term and Discount Rate

Weighted average remaining lease term in years

6

Weighted average discount rate

2.5%

v3.24.0.1
REVENUE (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
REVENUE  
Summary of disaggregated revenue

Revenue by metal type attributable to each of our revenue sources is disaggregated as follows (amounts in thousands):

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

June 30,

    

2023

    

2022

    

2021

    

2021

Stream revenue:

    Gold

$

307,797

$

308,302

$

165,031

$

323,980

    Silver

64,851

50,591

30,576

43,281

    Copper

45,632

58,900

30,944

56,728

         Total stream revenue

$

418,280

$

417,793

$

226,551

$

423,989

Royalty revenue:

    Gold

154,327

$

131,014

$

85,151

$

131,784

    Silver

8,554

13,690

8,253

16,198

    Copper

11,792

15,019

9,511

16,448

    Other

12,764

25,690

13,486

27,437

         Total royalty revenue

$

187,437

$

185,413

$

116,401

$

191,867

Total revenue

$

605,717

$

603,206

$

342,952

$

615,856

Revenue by metal type attributable to each of our principal property revenue sources is disaggregated as follows (amounts in thousands):

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

June 30,

Metal(s)

2023

2022

2021

2021

Stream revenue:

    Mount Milligan

Gold & Copper

$

158,167

$

180,543

$

95,509

$

156,938

    Pueblo Viejo

Gold & Silver

76,247

85,863

52,958

115,583

    Andacollo

Gold

48,920

47,347

28,076

82,164

    Khoemacau

Silver

34,602

18,786

5,096

    Other

Gold & Silver

100,344

85,254

44,912

69,304

         Total stream revenue

$

418,280

$

417,793

$

226,551

$

423,989

Royalty revenue:

    Cortez Legacy Zone

Gold

$

79,920

$

47,769

$

33,768

$

36,160

    Cortez CC Zone

Gold

14,626

2,790

    Peñasquito

Gold, Silver, Lead & Zinc

17,772

43,165

26,432

49,688

    Other

Various

75,119

91,689

56,201

106,019

         Total royalty revenue

$

187,437

$

185,413

$

116,401

$

191,867

Total revenue

$

605,717

$

603,206

$

342,952

$

615,856

v3.24.0.1
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION  
Schedule of stock-based compensation expense

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31,

December 31,

December 31,

June 30,

    

2023

    

2022

    

2021

    

2021

Restricted stock

$

6,191

$

4,515

$

2,006

$

2,668

Performance stock

2,953

2,685

405

1,317

Stock appreciation rights

533

1,179

779

1,677

Stock options

19

32

28

68

Total stock-based compensation expense

$

9,696

$

8,411

$

3,218

$

5,730

Schedule of valuation assumptions

Stock Options

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31,

December 31,

December 31,

June 30,

2023

2022

2021

    

2021

    

Weighted-average expected volatility

    

%  

%  

%  

39.4

%  

Weighted-average expected life in years

 

 

 

 

4.4

 

Weighted-average dividend yield

 

%  

%  

%  

0.9

%  

Weighted-average risk-free interest rate

 

%  

%  

%  

0.2

%  

SSARs

 

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31,

December 31,

December 31,

June 30,

2023

2022

2021

2021

 

Weighted-average expected volatility

%  

%  

%  

39.2

%

Weighted-average expected life in years

 

 

 

4.2

Weighted-average dividend yield

%  

%  

%  

0.9

%

Weighted-average risk-free interest rate

%  

%  

%  

0.2

%

Summary of stock options activity

    

    

    

Weighted-

    

Weighted-

Average

Average

Remaining

Aggregate

Number of

Exercise

Contractual

Intrinsic Value

Shares

Price

Life (Years)

(in thousands)

Outstanding at January 1, 2023

 

17,878

$

81.17

 

  

 

  

Exercised

 

(6,534)

$

71.39

 

  

 

  

Forfeited

 

$

 

  

 

  

Granted

 

$

 

  

 

  

Outstanding at December 31, 2023

 

11,344

$

86.80

 

3.4

$

431

Exercisable at December 31, 2023

 

11,344

$

86.80

 

3.4

$

431

Summary of SSARs activity

    

    

    

Weighted-

    

Weighted-

Average

Average

Remaining

Aggregate

Number of

Exercise

Contractual

Intrinsic Value

Shares

Price

Life (Years)

(in thousands)

Outstanding at January 1, 2023

 

174,906

$

111.65

 

  

 

  

Exercised

 

(17,627)

$

99.34

 

  

 

  

Forfeited

 

$

 

  

 

  

Granted

 

$

 

  

 

  

Outstanding at December 31, 2023

 

157,279

$

113.03

 

5.2

$

2,526

Exercisable at December 31, 2023

 

157,279

$

113.03

 

5.2

$

2,526

Summary of non-vested awards

    

    

Weighted-

Average

Number of

Grant Date

Shares

Fair Value

Outstanding at January 1, 2023

 

166,441

$

122.05

Granted

 

82,740

$

139.50

Exercised

 

(5,847)

$

82.30

Non-attainment

 

(27,143)

$

79.84

Forfeited

 

$

Outstanding at December 31, 2023

 

216,191

$

135.11

Summary of the status of non-vested restricted stock

    

    

Weighted-

Average

Number of

Grant Date

Shares

Fair Value

Outstanding at January 1, 2023

 

120,542

$

116.76

Granted

 

56,710

$

120.67

Vested

 

(41,139)

$

115.24

Forfeited

 

$

Exercised

$

Outstanding at December 31, 2023

 

136,113

$

118.84

v3.24.0.1
EARNINGS PER SHARE ("EPS") (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
EARNINGS PER SHARE ("EPS")  
Summary of the effects of dilutive securities on diluted EPS

The following table summarizes the effects of dilutive securities on diluted EPS for the period (amounts in thousands, except share data):

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31,

June 30,

    

2023

    

2022

    

2021

    

2021

Net income attributable to Royal Gold common stockholders

$

239,440

$

238,982

$

138,339

$

302,532

Weighted-average shares for basic EPS

65,613,002

65,576,995

65,560,468

65,546,400

Effect of other dilutive securities

126,108

84,753

64,099

81,191

Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS

65,739,110

65,661,748

65,624,567

65,627,591

Basic EPS

$

3.64

$

3.64

$

2.11

$

4.61

Diluted EPS

$

3.63

$

3.63

$

2.10

$

4.60

v3.24.0.1
INCOME TAXES (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
INCOME TAXES  
Components of income before income taxes

For financial reporting purposes, Income before income taxes includes the following components (amounts in thousands):

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

June 30,

2023

2022

2021

2021

United States

    

$

64,105

    

$

86,321

    

$

68,239

    

$

130,175

Foreign

 

218,035

 

186,547

 

100,597

 

209,468

$

282,140

$

272,868

$

168,836

$

339,643

Components of income tax expense (benefit)

Our Income tax expense consisted of (amounts in thousands):

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31,

June 30,

2023

2022

2021

2021

Current:

    

  

    

  

    

  

    

  

Federal

$

24,046

$

29,228

$

19,285

$

38,146

State

 

(68)

 

467

 

(503)

 

867

Foreign

 

24,499

 

23,067

 

8,716

 

(2,602)

$

48,477

$

52,762

$

27,498

$

36,411

Deferred and others:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Federal

$

(763)

$

(957)

$

104

$

376

State

 

(14)

 

(18)

 

2

 

(2)

Foreign

 

(5,692)

 

(18,861)

 

2,404

 

82

$

(6,469)

$

(19,836)

$

2,510

$

456

Total income tax expense

$

42,008

$

32,926

$

30,008

$

36,867

Schedule of income tax expense (benefit) and effective tax rate

The provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, six months ended December 31, 2021, and fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the applicable United States statutory federal income tax rate to pre-tax income (net of non-controlling interest in income of consolidated subsidiary and loss from equity investment) from operations as a result of the following differences (amounts in thousands):

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31,

June 30,

2023

2022

2021

2021

Total expense computed by applying federal rates

    

$

59,249

    

$

57,303

    

$

35,456

    

$

71,325

State and provincial income taxes, net of federal benefit

 

625

 

545

 

518

 

874

Excess depletion

 

(2,259)

 

(1,907)

 

(1,363)

 

(1,812)

Estimates for uncertain tax positions

 

 

 

(910)

 

(26,179)

Statutory tax attributable to non-controlling interest

 

(224)

 

(363)

 

(219)

 

(72)

Effect of foreign earnings

 

(10,116)

 

(8,846)

 

(3,896)

 

(7,659)

Unrealized foreign exchange gains

 

(988)

 

853

 

54

 

(616)

Rate adjustment

(6)

1,694

Changes in estimates

 

11

 

119

 

(2,614)

 

(858)

Valuation allowance

(6,030)

(15,877)

833

1,284

Other

 

1,746

 

1,099

 

455

 

580

Total income tax expense

$

42,008

$

32,926

$

30,008

$

36,867

Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities

The tax effects of temporary differences and carryforwards, which give rise to our deferred tax assets and liabilities on December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (amounts in thousands):

December 31, 

December 31, 

2023

2022

Deferred tax assets:

    

  

    

  

Stock-based compensation

$

1,952

$

1,846

Net operating losses

 

4,683

 

3,184

Foreign tax credits

35,751

33,301

Amortizable tax goodwill

46,821

52,783

Other

 

5,044

 

4,575

Total deferred tax assets

 

94,251

 

95,689

Valuation allowance

 

(40,814)

 

(46,844)

Net deferred tax assets

$

53,437

$

48,845

Deferred tax liabilities:

 

  

 

  

Mineral property basis

$

(122,543)

$

(124,373)

Unrealized foreign exchange gains

 

(582)

 

(582)

Other

 

(97)

 

(143)

Total deferred tax liabilities

 

(123,222)

 

(125,098)

Total net deferred taxes

$

(69,785)

$

(76,253)

Reconciliation of beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefit

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31,

June 30,

2023

2022

2021

2021

Total gross unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year

    

$

    

$

    

$

652

    

$

25,389

Additions / Reductions for tax positions of current year

 

 

 

 

Additions / Reductions for tax positions of prior years

(60)

(812)

Reductions due to settlements with taxing authorities

 

 

 

(592)

 

(23,925)

Total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits at end of year

$

$

$

$

652

v3.24.0.1
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION  
Schedule of supplemental cash flow information

Our supplemental cash flow information for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, six months ended December 31, 2021, and fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 is as follows (amounts in thousands):

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31,

June 30,

2023

2022

2021

2021

Cash paid during the period for:

    

  

    

  

    

  

    

  

Interest

$

28,054

$

7,218

$

304

$

3,510

Income taxes, net of refunds

$

50,303

$

54,804

$

24,166

$

58,970

Non-cash investing and financing activities:

 

 

 

 

Dividends declared

$

100,232

$

93,597

$

42,659

$

77,416

v3.24.0.1
MAJOR SOURCES OF REVENUE (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
MAJOR SOURCES OF REVENUE  
Schedule of major sources of revenue

Operators that contributed greater than 10% of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the six months ended December 31, 2021, and the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 were as follows (revenue amounts in thousands):

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31, 

June 30,

2023

2022

2021

2021

Operator

Revenue

Percentage of total revenue

Revenue

Percentage of total revenue

Revenue

Percentage of total revenue

Revenue

Percentage of total revenue

Centerra

    

$

158,167

26.1

%  

    

$

180,543

    

30.0

%  

$

95,509

    

27.8

%  

$

156,938

    

25.5

%  

Nevada Gold Mines

101,870

16.8

%  

57,730

9.6

%  

39,609

11.5

%  

41,111

6.7

%  

Barrick

75,259

12.4

%  

140,421

 

23.3

%  

89,177

 

26.0

%  

157,972

 

25.7

%  

Teck

 

48,920

8.1

%  

 

47,347

 

7.9

%  

 

28,076

 

8.2

%  

 

82,164

 

13.3

%  

v3.24.0.1
SEGMENT INFORMATION (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
SEGMENT INFORMATION  
Schedule of geographical distribution of long-lived assets

We manage our business under two reportable segments, consisting of the acquisition and management of stream interests and the acquisition and management of royalty interests. Royal Gold’s long-lived assets (stream and royalty interests, net) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are geographically distributed as shown in the following table (amounts in thousands):

As of December 31, 2023

As of December 31, 2022

Total stream

Total stream

Stream

Royalty

and royalty

Stream

Royalty

and royalty

  

interest

  

interest

  

interests, net

  

interest

  

interest

  

interests, net

Canada

$

461,398

$

614,900

$

1,076,298

$

511,957

$

620,549

$

1,132,506

Dominican Republic

311,050

311,050

320,867

320,867

Africa

264,529

321

264,850

299,722

321

300,043

Chile

222,629

224,116

446,745

236,312

224,116

460,428

United States

794,891

794,891

823,203

823,203

Mexico

41,803

41,803

50,156

50,156

Australia

21,288

21,288

22,120

22,120

Rest of world

92,010

26,639

118,649

101,440

26,639

128,079

Total

$

1,351,616

$

1,723,958

$

3,075,574

$

1,470,298

$

1,767,104

$

3,237,402

Schedule of reportable segments for assessing performance

Our reportable segments for purposes of assessing performance are shown below (amounts in thousands):

Year Ended December 31, 2023

    

Revenue

    

Cost of sales (1)

    

Production taxes

    

Depletion (2)

    

Segment gross profit

Stream interests

$

418,280

$

90,523

$

$

121,121

$

206,636

Royalty interests

187,437

7,294

43,385

136,758

Total

$

605,717

$

90,523

$

7,294

$

164,506

$

343,394

Year Ended December 31, 2022

    

Revenue

    

Cost of sales (1)

    

Production taxes

    

Depletion (2)

    

Segment gross profit

Stream interests

$

417,793

$

94,642

$

$

143,526

$

179,625

Royalty interests

185,413

7,021

34,916

143,476

Total

$

603,206

$

94,642

$

7,021

$

178,442

$

323,101

Six Months Ended December 31, 2021

    

Revenue

    

Cost of sales (1)

    

Production taxes

    

Depletion (2)

    

Segment gross profit

Stream interests

$

226,551

$

52,329

$

$

82,603

$

91,619

Royalty interests

116,401

4,412

16,867

95,122

Total

$

342,952

$

52,329

$

4,412

$

99,470

$

186,741

Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2021

    

Revenue

    

Cost of sales (1)

    

Production taxes

    

Depletion (2)

    

Segment gross profit

Stream interests

$

423,989

$

92,898

$

$

150,594

$

180,497

Royalty interests

191,867

6,743

32,619

152,505

Total

$

615,856

$

92,898

$

6,743

$

183,213

$

333,002

(1)Excludes depreciation, depletion and amortization
(2)Depletion amounts are included within Depreciation, depletion and amortization on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income
Schedule of reconciliation of segment gross profit to consolidated income (loss)

    

Years Ended

    

Six Months Ended

    

Fiscal Year Ended

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

December 31, 

    

June 30,

    

2023

    

2022

    

2021

    

2021

Total segment gross profit

    

$

343,394

    

$

323,101

    

$

186,741

    

$

333,002

    

    

    

    

Costs and expenses

    

    

    

    

General and administrative expenses

    

39,761

    

34,612

    

15,163

    

28,387

Exploration costs

    

    

    

    

563

Depreciation

    

431

    

493

    

215

    

356

Impairment of royalty interests

    

    

4,287

    

    

Total costs and expenses

    

40,192

    

39,392

    

15,378

    

29,306

Gain on sale of Peak Gold JV interest

    

    

    

    

33,906

Operating income

    

303,202

    

283,709

    

171,363

    

337,602

Fair value changes in equity securities

    

(147)

    

(1,503)

    

(1,350)

    

6,017

Interest and other income

    

9,952

    

7,832

    

1,610

    

2,443

Interest and other expense

    

(30,867)

    

(17,170)

    

(2,787)

    

(6,419)

Income before income taxes

    

$

282,140

    

$

272,868

    

$

168,836

    

$

339,643

Schedule of revenue by reportable segment geographically distributed

Our revenue by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, six months ended December 31, 2021 and fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 is geographically distributed as shown in the following table (amounts in thousands):

Years Ended

Six Months Ended

Fiscal Year Ended

December 31, 

December 31, 

December 31,

June 30,

    

2023

    

2022

    

2021

    

2021

Stream interests:

Canada

$

196,961

$

212,369

$

115,544

$

190,537

Dominican Republic

76,247

85,863

52,958

115,583

Africa

70,757

53,787

22,228

35,705

Chile

48,920

47,347

28,075

82,164

Rest of world

25,395

18,427

7,746

Total stream interests

$

418,280

$

417,793

$

226,551

$

423,989

Royalty interests:

United States

$

123,690

$

81,642

$

54,046

$

68,611

Mexico

25,754

52,388

31,858

58,212

Canada

12,712

27,210

13,756

31,671

Australia

19,011

15,672

11,174

21,466

Africa

316

1,107

2,801

Rest of world

6,270

8,185

4,460

9,106

Total royalty interests

$

187,437

$

185,413

$

116,401

$

191,867

Total revenue

$

605,717

$

603,206

$

342,952

$

615,856

v3.24.0.1
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENTLY ADOPTED AND RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
$ / oz
Mt. Milligan  
Cash payment for each ounce of gold (in dollars per ounce) 435
Minimum  
Term of the contract 10 days
Maximum  
Term of the contract 3 months
v3.24.0.1
ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS - Idaho (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 29, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
Acquisitions          
Payment to acquire interest   $ 281,066 $ 2,678 $ 922,155 $ 168,147
Idaho Royalty          
Acquisitions          
Payment to acquire interest $ 204,100        
Idaho Royalty | Barrick | Fourmile          
Acquisitions          
Ownership percentage held 100.00%        
Idaho Royalty | Production stage royalty interests          
Acquisitions          
Payment to acquire interest $ 73,400        
Idaho Royalty | Exploration stage royalty interests          
Acquisitions          
Payment to acquire interest $ 130,700        
Pipeline and Crossroads deposits          
Acquisitions          
Gross royalty (as a percent) 0.24%        
Cortez Hills, Goldrush, Fourmile and Robertson deposits          
Acquisitions          
Gross royalty (as a percent) 0.45%        
v3.24.0.1
ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS - Great Bear (Details)
$ in Thousands, $ in Millions
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 09, 2022
USD ($)
ha
Sep. 09, 2022
CAD ($)
ha
Dec. 31, 2021
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2021
USD ($)
Acquisitions            
Acquisition consideration paid     $ 281,066 $ 2,678 $ 922,155 $ 168,147
GBR            
Acquisitions            
Acquisition consideration paid $ 151,679 $ 199.6        
Net smelter return (NSR) (as a percent) 2.00% 2.00%        
Area of mining | ha 9,140 9,140        
Option to purchase royalty interest (as a percent) 25.00% 25.00%        
Option purchase price based on original price (as a percent) 25.00% 25.00%        
Threshold period for option purchase 10 years 10 years        
Buy Back Option $ 2,100          
GBR | Kinross            
Acquisitions            
Net smelter return (NSR) (as a percent) 0.50% 0.50%        
v3.24.0.1
ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS - GBR Allocation (Details)
$ in Thousands, $ in Millions
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 09, 2022
USD ($)
Sep. 09, 2022
CAD ($)
Dec. 31, 2021
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2021
USD ($)
Acquisitions            
Acquisition consideration paid     $ 281,066 $ 2,678 $ 922,155 $ 168,147
Cash       104,167 118,586  
Other assets       118,057 111,287  
Stream and royalty interests in mineral property       $ 3,075,574 $ 3,237,402  
GBR            
Acquisitions            
Acquisition consideration paid $ 151,679 $ 199.6        
Cash 315          
Other assets 293          
Stream and royalty interests in mineral property 151,071          
Total allocated purchase price 151,679          
Acquisition consideration paid 151,700          
Asset acquisition transaction costs 4,400          
Deferred tax capitalized $ 53,600          
v3.24.0.1
ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS - Asset acquisitions (Details)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Apr. 20, 2023
USD ($)
Aug. 02, 2022
USD ($)
oz
Mar. 24, 2022
USD ($)
Mar. 14, 2022
USD ($)
Feb. 23, 2022
USD ($)
Feb. 22, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2021
USD ($)
Acquisitions                    
Payment to acquire interest             $ 281,066 $ 2,678 $ 922,155 $ 168,147
Cortez                    
Acquisitions                    
Payment to acquire interest   $ 525,000                
Gross royalty (as a percent)   1.20%                
Quantity of gold attributable to royalty | oz   15,000,000                
Royalty payable term   45 days                
Production payable (as a percent)   40.00%                
Cortez | Minimum                    
Acquisitions                    
Gross royalty (as a percent)   0.00%                
Spot price adjustment threshold | oz   400                
Cortez | Maximum                    
Acquisitions                    
Gross royalty (as a percent)   3.00%                
Spot price adjustment threshold | oz   900                
Cortez | Production stage royalty interests                    
Acquisitions                    
Payment to acquire interest   $ 199,000                
Cortez | Exploration stage royalty interests                    
Acquisitions                    
Payment to acquire interest   $ 326,000                
Cortez | Barrick | Fourmile                    
Acquisitions                    
Ownership percentage held   100.00%                
Lawyers Project                    
Acquisitions                    
Payment to acquire interest     $ 8,000              
Net smelter return (NSR) (as a percent)     0.50%              
Lawyers Project | Exploration stage royalty interests                    
Acquisitions                    
Payment to acquire interest     $ 8,000              
Ranch Project                    
Acquisitions                    
Royalty that can be acquired (as a percent)     2.00%              
Khoemacau                    
Acquisitions                    
Payment to acquire interest       $ 16,500 $ 10,000          
Production payable (as a percent)       100.00% 93.00% 90.00%        
Variable loan receivable               25,000    
Interest receivable               $ 10,700    
Khoemacau | Production stage stream interests                    
Acquisitions                    
Payment to acquire interest       $ 265,000            
Xavantina (formerly NX Gold)                    
Acquisitions                    
Payment to acquire interest $ 2,400                  
v3.24.0.1
STREAM AND ROYALTY INTERESTS, NET - Summary (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Cost $ 4,874,194 $ 4,875,802
Accumulated Depletion (1,798,620) (1,634,113)
Impairments   (4,287)
Net 3,075,574 3,237,402
Production stage stream and royalty interests    
Cost 3,687,394 3,668,825
Accumulated Depletion (1,798,620) (1,634,113)
Net 1,888,774 2,034,712
Production stage stream interests    
Cost 2,463,562 2,446,435
Accumulated Depletion (1,143,549) (1,022,428)
Net 1,320,013 1,424,007
Production stage stream interests | Mt. Milligan    
Cost 790,635 790,635
Accumulated Depletion (430,106) (392,804)
Net 360,529 397,831
Production stage stream interests | Pueblo Viejo    
Cost 610,404 610,404
Accumulated Depletion (299,354) (289,537)
Net 311,050 320,867
Production stage stream interests | Andacollo    
Cost 388,182 388,182
Accumulated Depletion (165,553) (151,870)
Net 222,629 236,312
Production stage stream interests | Khoemacau    
Cost 265,911 265,911
Accumulated Depletion (41,635) (15,905)
Net 224,276 250,006
Production stage stream interests | Rainy River    
Cost 175,727 175,727
Accumulated Depletion (74,858) (61,601)
Net 100,869 114,126
Production stage stream interests | Other interest    
Cost 232,703 215,576
Accumulated Depletion (132,043) (110,711)
Net 100,660 104,865
Production stage royalty interests    
Cost 1,223,832 1,222,390
Accumulated Depletion (655,071) (611,685)
Net 568,761 610,705
Production stage royalty interests | Cortez    
Cost 353,850 353,772
Accumulated Depletion (61,891) (35,276)
Net 291,959 318,496
Production stage royalty interests | Voisey's Bay    
Cost 205,724 205,724
Accumulated Depletion (121,000) (118,327)
Net 84,724 87,397
Production stage royalty interests | Red Chris    
Cost 116,187 116,187
Accumulated Depletion (3,758) (1,797)
Net 112,429 114,390
Production stage royalty interests | Penasquito    
Cost 99,172 99,172
Accumulated Depletion (59,900) (57,772)
Net 39,272 41,400
Production stage royalty interests | Other interest    
Cost 448,899 447,535
Accumulated Depletion (408,522) (398,513)
Net 40,377 49,022
Development stage stream and royalty interests    
Cost 138,591 131,684
Net 138,591 131,684
Development stage stream interests | Other interest    
Cost 12,038 12,038
Net 12,038 12,038
Development stage royalty interests | Cote    
Cost 45,421 45,421
Net 45,421 45,421
Development stage royalty interests | Other interest    
Cost 81,132 74,225
Net 81,132 74,225
Exploration stage stream and royalty interests    
Cost 1,048,209  
Net 1,048,209  
Exploration stage stream interests | Xavantina (formerly NX Gold)    
Cost 19,565 34,253
Net 19,565 34,253
Exploration stage royalty interests    
Cost   1,075,293
Impairments   (4,287)
Net   1,071,006
Exploration stage royalty interests | Cortez    
Cost 456,479 456,318
Net 456,479 456,318
Exploration stage royalty interests | Red Chris    
Cost 48,895 48,895
Net 48,895 48,895
Exploration stage royalty interests | Cote    
Cost 29,610 29,610
Net 29,610 29,610
Exploration stage royalty interests | Great Bear    
Cost 209,106 209,106
Net 209,106 209,106
Exploration stage royalty interests | Pascua - Lama    
Cost 177,690 177,690
Net 177,690 177,690
Exploration stage royalty interests | Other interest    
Cost 106,864 119,421
Impairments   (4,287)
Net $ 106,864 $ 115,134
v3.24.0.1
STREAM AND ROYALTY INTERESTS, NET - Impairments (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Impairments of royalty and stream interests   $ 0 $ 4,287
Stream and royalty interests in mineral property $ 3,237,402 3,075,574 3,237,402
Exploration stage royalty interests      
Stream and royalty interests in mineral property 1,071,006   1,071,006
Exploration stage royalty interests | Other interest      
Impairments of royalty and stream interests 4,300    
Stream and royalty interests in mineral property 115,134 106,864 115,134
Production stage royalty interests      
Stream and royalty interests in mineral property 610,705 568,761 610,705
Production stage royalty interests | Other interest      
Stream and royalty interests in mineral property $ 49,022 $ 40,377 $ 49,022
v3.24.0.1
DEBT (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 06, 2023
Sep. 06, 2023
Jun. 06, 2023
Mar. 06, 2023
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
Long-term debt disclosure                
Principal           $ 250,000 $ 575,000  
Debt issuance costs           (4,033) (3,428)  
Total debt           245,967 571,572  
Repayment of debt         $ 100,000 325,000 125,000 $ 305,000
Credit Facility                
Long-term debt disclosure                
Principal           250,000 575,000  
Debt issuance costs           (4,033) (3,428)  
Total debt           245,967 571,572  
Repayment of debt $ 75,000 $ 75,000 $ 100,000 $ 75,000        
Outstanding amount under credit facility           250,000    
Available under the revolving credit facility           $ 750,000    
Effective interest rate (as percent)           6.56%    
Interest expense recognized         $ 1,400 $ 28,400 $ 10,000 $ 3,300
v3.24.0.1
LEASES - Lease balance sheet (Details)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
LEASES  
Right-of-use assets - current $ 833
Right-of-use assets - non-current 3,939
Total right-of-use assets $ 4,772
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List] Other Assets, Noncurrent, Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current
Lease liabilities - current $ 972
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List] Other Liabilities, Current
Lease liabilities - non-current $ 4,673
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List] Other Liabilities, Noncurrent
Total operating lease liabilities $ 5,645
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Other Liabilities, Current, Other Liabilities, Noncurrent
v3.24.0.1
LEASES - Lease maturities (Details)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
LEASES  
2024 $ 1,102
2025 1,026
2026 1,027
2027 1,027
2028 789
Thereafter 1,112
Total lease payments 6,083
Less imputed interest (438)
Total $ 5,645
v3.24.0.1
LEASES - Lease other (Details)
Dec. 31, 2023
LEASES  
Weighted average remaining lease term in years 6 years
Weighted average discount rate 2.50%
v3.24.0.1
REVENUE (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
segment
Number of reportable segments 2
Minimum  
Average sale price determination period 10 days
Maximum  
Average sale price determination period 3 months
v3.24.0.1
REVENUE - Metal Disaggregation (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
Jun. 30, 2020
Disaggregation of Revenue          
Revenue $ 342,952 $ 605,717 $ 603,206 $ 615,856  
Stream interests          
Disaggregation of Revenue          
Revenue 226,551 418,280 417,793 423,989 $ 423,989
Stream interests | Gold          
Disaggregation of Revenue          
Revenue 165,031 307,797 308,302 323,980  
Stream interests | Silver          
Disaggregation of Revenue          
Revenue 30,576 64,851 50,591 43,281  
Stream interests | Copper          
Disaggregation of Revenue          
Revenue 30,944 45,632 58,900 56,728  
Royalty interests          
Disaggregation of Revenue          
Revenue 116,401 187,437 185,413 191,867  
Royalty interests | Gold          
Disaggregation of Revenue          
Revenue 85,151 154,327 131,014 131,784  
Royalty interests | Silver          
Disaggregation of Revenue          
Revenue 8,253 8,554 13,690 16,198  
Royalty interests | Copper          
Disaggregation of Revenue          
Revenue 9,511 11,792 15,019 16,448  
Royalty interests | Other          
Disaggregation of Revenue          
Revenue $ 13,486 $ 12,764 $ 25,690 $ 27,437  
v3.24.0.1
REVENUE - Property Disaggregation (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
Jun. 30, 2020
Disaggregation of Revenue          
Revenue $ 342,952 $ 605,717 $ 603,206 $ 615,856  
Stream interests          
Disaggregation of Revenue          
Revenue 226,551 418,280 417,793 423,989 $ 423,989
Stream interests | Mt. Milligan          
Disaggregation of Revenue          
Revenue 95,509 158,167 180,543 156,938  
Stream interests | Pueblo Viejo          
Disaggregation of Revenue          
Revenue 52,958 76,247 85,863 115,583  
Stream interests | Andacollo          
Disaggregation of Revenue          
Revenue 28,076 48,920 47,347 82,164  
Stream interests | Khoemacau          
Disaggregation of Revenue          
Revenue 5,096 34,602 18,786    
Stream interests | Other interest          
Disaggregation of Revenue          
Revenue 44,912 100,344 85,254 69,304  
Royalty interests          
Disaggregation of Revenue          
Revenue 116,401 187,437 185,413 191,867  
Royalty interests | Cortez Legacy Zone          
Disaggregation of Revenue          
Revenue 33,768 79,920 47,769 36,160  
Royalty interests | Cortez CC Zone          
Disaggregation of Revenue          
Revenue   14,626 2,790    
Royalty interests | Penasquito          
Disaggregation of Revenue          
Revenue 26,432 17,772 43,165 49,688  
Royalty interests | Other interest          
Disaggregation of Revenue          
Revenue $ 56,201 $ 75,119 $ 91,689 $ 106,019  
v3.24.0.1
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended 30 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Nov. 30, 2015
Stock-based compensation            
Common stock authorized for future grants (in shares)           2,500,000
Stock-based compensation expense $ 3,218 $ 9,696 $ 8,411 $ 5,730    
Contractual term of awards   10 years        
Minimum            
Stock-based compensation            
Continuous service period for awards to vest   1 year        
Maximum            
Stock-based compensation            
Continuous service period for awards to vest   3 years        
Restricted stock            
Stock-based compensation            
Stock-based compensation expense 2,006 $ 6,191 4,515 2,668    
Other than options granted (in shares)   56,710        
Unrecognized compensation expense   $ 7,200     $ 7,200  
Weighted-average recognition period   1 year 8 months 12 days        
Performance stock            
Stock-based compensation            
Stock-based compensation expense 405 $ 2,953 2,685 $ 1,317    
Other than options granted (in shares)   82,740        
Earn out basis if all goals are met (as a percent)   200.00%   200.00% 200.00%  
Unrecognized compensation expense   $ 5,700     $ 5,700  
Weighted-average recognition period   1 year 8 months 12 days        
Stock appreciation rights            
Stock-based compensation            
Stock-based compensation expense $ 779 $ 533 $ 1,179 $ 1,677    
Other than options granted (in shares) 0 0 0      
Unrecognized compensation expense   $ 0     $ 0  
Key assumptions            
Weighted-average expected volatility (as a percent)       39.20%    
Weighted-average expected life (in years)       4 years 2 months 12 days    
Weighted-average dividend yield (as a percent)       0.90%    
Weighted-average risk free interest rate (as a percent)       0.20%    
Stock options            
Stock-based compensation            
Stock-based compensation expense $ 28 $ 19 $ 32 $ 68    
Stock options granted (in shares) 0 0 0   0  
Unrecognized compensation expense   $ 0     $ 0  
Key assumptions            
Weighted-average expected volatility (as a percent)       39.40%    
Weighted-average expected life (in years)       4 years 4 months 24 days    
Weighted-average dividend yield (as a percent)       0.90%    
Weighted-average risk free interest rate (as a percent)       0.20%    
v3.24.0.1
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - OPTIONS (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended 30 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Employee Stock Option [Member]          
Stock options, number of shares          
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)   17,878      
Granted (in shares) 0 0 0   0
Exercised (in shares) 0 (6,534)   0  
Outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)   11,344 17,878   11,344
Exercisable at the end of the period (in shares)   11,344     11,344
Stock options, weighted-average exercise price          
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share)   $ 81.17      
Exercised (in dollars per share)   71.39      
Outstanding at the end of the period (in dollars per share)   86.80 $ 81.17   $ 86.80
Exercisable at the end of the period (in dollars per share)   $ 86.80     $ 86.80
Stock options, weighted-average remaining contractual life (in years)          
Outstanding at the end of the period   3 years 4 months 24 days      
Exercisable at the end of the period   3 years 4 months 24 days      
Stock options, Aggregate Intrinsic Value          
Outstanding at the end of the period   $ 431     $ 431
Exercisable at the end of the period   431     $ 431
Other stock-based compensation          
Granted (in dollars per share)       $ 41.92  
Intrinsic value of options exercised   $ 500 $ 200    
Stock appreciation rights          
Other stock-based compensation          
Granted (in dollars per share)       $ 40.92  
v3.24.0.1
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - NON-OPTIONS (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended 30 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Other stock-based compensation          
Contractual term of awards   10 years      
Minimum          
Other stock-based compensation          
Continuous service period for awards to vest   1 year      
Maximum          
Other stock-based compensation          
Continuous service period for awards to vest   3 years      
Restricted stock          
Non-vested other than stock options, number of shares          
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)   120,542      
Granted (in shares)   56,710      
Vested (in shares)   (41,139)      
Outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)   136,113 120,542   136,113
Other than stock options, weighted-average grant date fair value          
Non-vested at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share)   $ 116.76      
Granted (in dollars per share)   120.67      
Vested (in dollars per share)   115.24      
Non-vested at the end of the period (in dollars per share)   $ 118.84 $ 116.76   $ 118.84
Restricted stock | Officers and Certain Employees          
Non-vested other than stock options, number of shares          
Granted (in shares)   49,480      
Other stock-based compensation          
Vesting period 3 years 3 years 3 years 3 years  
Holding period of awards as a vesting condition       2 years  
Restricted stock | Non Executive Directors          
Non-vested other than stock options, number of shares          
Granted (in shares)   7,230      
Other stock-based compensation          
Vesting period   1 year      
Vesting (as a percent)   50.00%      
Percentage of shares granted to non-executive directors, vesting one year after date of grant   50.00%     50.00%
Performance stock          
Non-vested other than stock options, number of shares          
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)   166,441      
Granted (in shares)   82,740      
Exercised (in shares)   (5,847)      
Non-attainment (in shares)   (27,143)      
Outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)   216,191 166,441   216,191
Other than stock options, weighted-average grant date fair value          
Non-vested at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share)   $ 122.05      
Granted (in dollars per share)   139.50      
Exercised (in dollars per share)   82.30      
Non-attainment (in dollars per share)   79.84      
Non-vested at the end of the period (in dollars per share)   $ 135.11 $ 122.05   $ 135.11
Other stock-based compensation          
Earn out basis if no goals are met (as a percent)       0.00%  
Earn out basis if some goals are met (as a percent)       100.00%  
Earn out basis if all goals are met (as a percent)   200.00%   200.00% 200.00%
Gold Equivalent Ounces Shares          
Other stock-based compensation          
Contractual term of awards       5 years  
Total Shareholder Return Shares          
Other stock-based compensation          
Contractual term of awards       3 years 3 years
Continuous service period for awards to vest   3 years   3 years 3 years
Earn out basis if no goals are met (as a percent)   0.00%     0.00%
Earn out basis if some goals are met (as a percent)   100.00%     100.00%
Earn out basis if all goals are met (as a percent)   200.00%     200.00%
Stock Appreciation Rights (SARs) [Member]          
Non-vested other than stock options, number of shares          
Outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)   174,906      
Granted (in shares) 0 0 0    
Exercised (in shares) 0 (17,627)      
Outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)   157,279 174,906   157,279
Exercisable at the end of the period (in shares)   157,279     157,279
Other than stock options, weighted-average grant date fair value          
Non-vested at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share)   $ 111.65      
Exercised (in dollars per share)   99.34      
Non-vested at the end of the period (in dollars per share)   113.03 $ 111.65   $ 113.03
Exercisable at the end of the period (in dollars per share)   $ 113.03     $ 113.03
Other than stock options, weighted-average remaining contractual life (in years)          
Outstanding at the end of the period   5 years 2 months 12 days      
Exercisable at the end of the period   5 years 2 months 12 days      
Aggregate Intrinsic Value          
Intrinsic value on outstanding shares   $ 2,526     $ 2,526
Intrinsic value on exercisable shares   2,526     $ 2,526
Other stock-based compensation          
Total intrinsic value   $ 700 $ 200 $ 100  
v3.24.0.1
EARNINGS PER SHARE ("EPS") (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
EARNINGS PER SHARE ("EPS")        
Net income attributable to Royal Gold common stockholders $ 138,339 $ 239,440 $ 238,982 $ 302,532
Weighted-average shares for basic EPS 65,560,468 65,613,002 65,576,995 65,546,400
Effect of other dilutive securities 64,099 126,108 84,753 81,191
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS 65,624,567 65,739,110 65,661,748 65,627,591
Basic EPS $ 2.11 $ 3.64 $ 3.64 $ 4.61
Diluted EPS $ 2.10 $ 3.63 $ 3.63 $ 4.60
v3.24.0.1
INCOME TAXES - Expense (Benefit) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
Income before income taxes        
United States $ 68,239 $ 64,105 $ 86,321 $ 130,175
Foreign 100,597 218,035 186,547 209,468
Income before income taxes 168,836 282,140 272,868 339,643
Current:        
Federal 19,285 24,046 29,228 38,146
State (503) (68) 467 867
Foreign 8,716 24,499 23,067 (2,602)
Total current income tax expense 27,498 48,477 52,762 36,411
Deferred and others:        
Federal 104 (763) (957) 376
State 2 (14) (18) (2)
Foreign 2,404 (5,692) (18,861) 82
Total deferred and other income tax expense (benefit) 2,510 (6,469) (19,836) 456
Total income tax expense (benefit) $ 30,008 $ 42,008 $ 32,926 $ 36,867
v3.24.0.1
INCOME TAXES - Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
Total expense (benefit) reconciliation        
Total expense (benefit) computed by applying federal rates $ 35,456 $ 59,249 $ 57,303 $ 71,325
State and provincial income taxes, net of federal benefit 518 625 545 874
Excess depletion (1,363) (2,259) (1,907) (1,812)
Estimates for uncertain tax positions (910)     (26,179)
Statutory tax attributable to non-controlling interest (219) (224) (363) (72)
Effect of foreign earnings (3,896) (10,116) (8,846) (7,659)
Unrealized foreign exchange gains 54 (988) 853 (616)
Rate adjustment 1,694 (6)    
Changes in estimates (2,614) 11 119 (858)
Valuation allowance 833 (6,030) (15,877) 1,284
Other 455 1,746 1,099 580
Total income tax expense (benefit) $ 30,008 $ 42,008 $ 32,926 $ 36,867
Effective tax rate (as a percent) 17.80% 14.90% 12.10% 10.90%
v3.24.0.1
INCOME TAXES - Deferred (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
Deferred tax assets:      
Stock-based compensation $ 1,952 $ 1,846  
Net operating losses 4,683 3,184  
Foreign tax credits 35,751 33,301  
Amortizable tax goodwill 46,821 52,783  
Other 5,044 4,575  
Total deferred tax assets 94,251 95,689  
Valuation allowance (40,814) (46,844)  
Net deferred tax assets 53,437 48,845  
Deferred tax liabilities:      
Mineral property basis (122,543) (124,373)  
Unrealized foreign exchange gains (582) (582)  
Other (97) (143)  
Total deferred tax liabilities (123,222) (125,098)  
Total net deferred taxes (69,785) (76,253)  
Net operating loss carry forwards 4,700 $ 3,200  
Interest and penalties     $ 300
US Foreign      
Deferred tax assets:      
Valuation allowance (35,800)    
Capital loss      
Deferred tax assets:      
Valuation allowance (1,900)    
Other tax carryforwards      
Deferred tax assets:      
Valuation allowance $ (3,200)    
v3.24.0.1
INCOME TAXES - Unrecognized (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
Reconciliation of beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits        
Total gross unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year $ 652 $ 0   $ 25,389
Additions / Reductions for tax positions of prior years (60) 0 $ 0 (812)
Reductions due to settlements with taxing authorities $ (592)     (23,925)
Total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits at end of year   0 $ 0 $ 652
Accrued income-tax-related interest and penalties   $ 0    
v3.24.0.1
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
Cash paid during the period for:        
Interest $ 304 $ 28,054 $ 7,218 $ 3,510
Income taxes, net of refunds 24,166 50,303 54,804 58,970
Non-cash investing and financing activities:        
Dividends declared $ 42,659 $ 100,232 $ 93,597 $ 77,416
v3.24.0.1
MAJOR SOURCES OF REVENUE (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
Centerra        
Major sources of revenue        
Revenue $ 95,509 $ 158,167 $ 180,543 $ 156,938
Centerra | Sales Revenue | Customer Concentration Risk        
Major sources of revenue        
Percentage of total revenue 27.80% 26.10% 30.00% 25.50%
Nevada Gold Mines        
Major sources of revenue        
Revenue $ 39,609 $ 101,870 $ 57,730 $ 41,111
Nevada Gold Mines | Sales Revenue | Customer Concentration Risk        
Major sources of revenue        
Percentage of total revenue 11.50% 16.80% 9.60% 6.70%
Barrick | Sales Revenue | Customer Concentration Risk        
Major sources of revenue        
Revenue $ 89,177 $ 75,259 $ 140,421 $ 157,972
Percentage of total revenue 26.00% 12.40% 23.30% 25.70%
Teck | Sales Revenue | Customer Concentration Risk        
Major sources of revenue        
Revenue $ 28,076 $ 48,920 $ 47,347 $ 82,164
Percentage of total revenue 8.20% 8.10% 7.90% 13.30%
v3.24.0.1
SEGMENT INFORMATION (Details)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
segment
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2021
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2020
USD ($)
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information          
Number of reportable segments | segment   2      
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 4)   $ 3,075,574 $ 3,237,402    
Revenue $ 342,952 605,717 603,206 $ 615,856  
Cost of sales 52,329 90,523 94,642 92,898  
Production taxes 4,412 7,294 7,021 6,743  
Depletion 99,470 164,506 178,442 183,213  
Total segment gross profit 186,741 343,394 323,101 333,002  
Canada          
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information          
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 4)   1,076,298 1,132,506    
Dominican Republic          
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information          
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 4)   311,050 320,867    
Africa          
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information          
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 4)   264,850 300,043    
Chile          
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information          
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 4)   446,745 460,428    
United States          
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information          
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 4)   794,891 823,203    
Mexico          
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information          
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 4)   41,803 50,156    
Australia          
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information          
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 4)   21,288 22,120    
Rest of world          
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information          
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 4)   118,649 128,079    
Stream interests          
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information          
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 4)   1,351,616 1,470,298    
Revenue 226,551 418,280 417,793 423,989 $ 423,989
Cost of sales 52,329 90,523 94,642   92,898
Depletion 82,603 121,121 143,526   150,594
Total segment gross profit 91,619 206,636 179,625   $ 180,497
Stream interests | Canada          
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information          
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 4)   461,398 511,957    
Revenue 115,544 196,961 212,369 190,537  
Stream interests | Dominican Republic          
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information          
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 4)   311,050 320,867    
Revenue 52,958 76,247 85,863 115,583  
Stream interests | Africa          
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information          
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 4)   264,529 299,722    
Revenue 22,228 70,757 53,787 35,705  
Stream interests | Chile          
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information          
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 4)   222,629 236,312    
Revenue 28,075 48,920 47,347 82,164  
Stream interests | Rest of world          
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information          
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 4)   92,010 101,440    
Revenue 7,746 25,395 18,427    
Royalty interests          
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information          
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 4)   1,723,958 1,767,104    
Revenue 116,401 187,437 185,413 191,867  
Production taxes 4,412 7,294 7,021 6,743  
Depletion 16,867 43,385 34,916 32,619  
Total segment gross profit 95,122 136,758 143,476 152,505  
Royalty interests | Canada          
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information          
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 4)   614,900 620,549    
Revenue 13,756 12,712 27,210 31,671  
Royalty interests | Africa          
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information          
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 4)   321 321    
Revenue 1,107   316 2,801  
Royalty interests | Chile          
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information          
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 4)   224,116 224,116    
Royalty interests | United States          
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information          
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 4)   794,891 823,203    
Revenue 54,046 123,690 81,642 68,611  
Royalty interests | Mexico          
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information          
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 4)   41,803 50,156    
Revenue 31,858 25,754 52,388 58,212  
Royalty interests | Australia          
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information          
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 4)   21,288 22,120    
Revenue 11,174 19,011 15,672 21,466  
Royalty interests | Rest of world          
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information          
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 4)   26,639 26,639    
Revenue $ 4,460 $ 6,270 $ 8,185 $ 9,106  
v3.24.0.1
SEGMENT INFORMATION - Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
SEGMENT INFORMATION        
Total segment gross profit $ 186,741 $ 343,394 $ 323,101 $ 333,002
Costs and expenses        
General and administrative expenses 15,163 39,761 34,612 28,387
Exploration costs       563
Depreciation 215 431 493 356
Impairment of royalty interests   0 4,287  
Total costs and expenses 15,378 40,192 39,392 29,306
Gain on sale of Peak Gold JV interest       33,906
Operating income 171,363 303,202 283,709 337,602
Fair value changes in equity securities (1,350) (147) (1,503) 6,017
Interest and other income 1,610 9,952 7,832 2,443
Interest and other expense (2,787) (30,867) (17,170) (6,419)
Income before income taxes $ 168,836 $ 282,140 $ 272,868 $ 339,643
v3.24.0.1
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Apr. 20, 2023
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
Commitments and Contingencies          
Acquisition consideration paid   $ 281,066 $ 2,678 $ 922,155 $ 168,147
Xavantina (formerly NX Gold)          
Commitments and Contingencies          
Acquisition consideration paid $ 2,400        
Advance payments     4,400    
Ilovica          
Commitments and Contingencies          
Conditional funding from acquisition     $ 163,750    
v3.24.0.1
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (Details)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Feb. 14, 2024
USD ($)
oz
Dec. 31, 2021
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2021
USD ($)
Subsequent events          
Cash consideration   $ 281,066 $ 2,678 $ 922,155 $ 168,147
Subsequent Event | Mt. Milligan          
Subsequent events          
Cash consideration $ 24,500        
Gold delivered (in ounces) | oz 50,000        
v3.24.0.1
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
Pay vs Performance Disclosure        
Net Income (Loss) $ 138,339 $ 239,440 $ 238,982 $ 302,532
v3.24.0.1
Insider Trading Arrangements
3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false