QWEST CORP, 10-K filed on 3/12/2018
Annual Report
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Document and Entity Information - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Mar. 09, 2018
Jun. 30, 2017
Document and Entity Information      
Entity Registrant Name QWEST CORP    
Entity Central Index Key 0000068622    
Document Type 10-K    
Document Period End Date Dec. 31, 2017    
Amendment Flag false    
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31    
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer No    
Entity Voluntary Filers No    
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes    
Entity Filer Category Non-accelerated Filer    
Entity Public Float     $ 0
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (shares)   1  
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2017    
Document Fiscal Period Focus FY    
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
OPERATING REVENUES      
Operating revenues $ 5,831 $ 6,247 $ 6,557
Operating revenues - affiliates 2,719 2,663 2,407
Total operating revenues 8,550 8,910 8,964
OPERATING EXPENSES      
Cost of services and products (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) 2,881 2,934 2,872
Selling, general and administrative 925 1,020 1,015
Operating expenses - affiliates 848 941 960
Depreciation and amortization 1,583 1,691 1,857
Total operating expenses 6,237 6,586 6,704
OPERATING INCOME 2,313 2,324 2,260
OTHER (EXPENSE) INCOME      
Interest expense (465) (478) (473)
Interest expense - affiliates, net (63) (59) (53)
Other income (expense), net 6 (24) (1)
Total other expense, net (522) (561) (527)
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSE 1,791 1,763 1,733
Income tax expense 134 678 659
NET INCOME $ 1,657 $ 1,085 $ 1,074
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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
CURRENT ASSETS    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 1 $ 5
Accounts receivable, less allowance of $47 and $53 646 700
Advances to affiliates 1,024 872
Other 98 129
Total current assets 1,769 1,706
NET PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT    
Property, plant and equipment 14,316 13,247
Accumulated depreciation (6,392) (5,602)
Net property, plant and equipment 7,924 7,645
GOODWILL AND OTHER ASSETS    
Goodwill 9,360 9,354
Other intangible assets, net 379 471
Other, net 75 96
Total goodwill and other assets 11,176 11,798
TOTAL ASSETS 20,869 21,149
CURRENT LIABILITIES    
Current maturities of long-term debt 17 514
Accounts payable 317 398
Note payable - affiliate 965 914
Accrued expenses and other liabilities    
Salaries and benefits 238 273
Income and other taxes 174 175
Other 138 122
Current affiliate obligations, net 82 87
Advance billings and customer deposits 265 313
Total current liabilities 2,196 2,796
LONG-TERM DEBT 7,264 6,747
DEFERRED CREDITS AND OTHER LIABILITIES    
Deferred revenues 128 131
Deferred income taxes, net 1,001 1,773
Affiliate obligations, net 861 944
Other 82 66
Total deferred credits and other liabilities 2,072 2,914
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 15)
STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY    
Common stock - one share without par value, owned by Qwest Services Corporation 10,050 10,050
Accumulated deficit (713) (1,358)
Total stockholder's equity 9,337 8,692
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY 20,869 21,149
Customer Relationships    
Customer relationships, net $ 1,362 $ 1,877
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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]    
Accounts receivable, allowance (in dollars) $ 47 $ 53
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares) 1 1
Common stock, shares issued (in shares) 1 1
Common stock, value outstanding $ 10,050 $ 10,050
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
OPERATING ACTIVITIES      
Net income $ 1,657 $ 1,085 $ 1,074
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:      
Depreciation and amortization 1,583 1,691 1,857
Deferred income taxes (773) (123) (189)
Provision for uncollectible accounts 74 80 78
Net long-term debt issuance costs and premium amortization (2) (12) (18)
Accrued interest on affiliate note 51 59 59
Net loss on early retirement of debt 5 27 0
Impairment of asset 1 11 0
Changes in current assets and liabilities:      
Accounts receivable (20) (92) (26)
Accounts payable (44) 5 (79)
Accrued income and other taxes (1) (14) (8)
Other current assets and liabilities, net (36) 47 1
Other current assets and liabilities - affiliates 11 0 (4)
Changes in other noncurrent assets and liabilities, net 17 1 (30)
Changes in affiliate obligations, net (88) (117) (123)
Other, net 0 4 (1)
Net cash provided by operating activities 2,435 2,652 2,591
INVESTING ACTIVITIES      
Payments for property, plant and equipment and capitalized software (1,328) (1,259) (1,247)
Changes in advances to affiliates (152) (84) 24
Proceeds from sale of property 49 9 3
Cash paid for acquisition (5) 0 0
Net cash used in investing activities (1,436) (1,334) (1,220)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES      
Net proceeds from issuance of long-term debt 638 1,173 495
Payments of long-term debt (641) (1,189) (517)
Early retirement of debt costs 0 0 (2)
Dividends paid to Qwest Services Corporation (1,000) (1,300) (1,350)
Net cash used in financing activities (1,003) (1,316) (1,374)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (4) 2 (3)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 5 3 6
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period 1 5 3
Supplemental cash flow information:      
Income taxes paid, net (907) (801) (848)
Interest paid (net of capitalized interest of $32, $19 and $18) $ (467) $ (488) $ (497)
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]      
Interest paid, capitalized interest $ 32 $ 19 $ 18
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY (DEFICIT) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Total
COMMON STOCK
ACCUMULATED DEFICIT
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2014   $ 10,050 $ (867)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholder's Equity      
Net income $ 1,074   1,074
Dividends declared to Qwest Services Corporation (1,350)   (1,350)
Dividend of equity interest in limited liability company to Qwest Services Corporation     0
Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2015 8,907 10,050 (1,143)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholder's Equity      
Net income 1,085   1,085
Dividends declared to Qwest Services Corporation (1,300)   (1,300)
Dividend of equity interest in limited liability company to Qwest Services Corporation     0
Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2016 8,692 10,050 (1,358)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholder's Equity      
Net income 1,657   1,657
Dividends declared to Qwest Services Corporation (1,000)   (1,000)
Dividend of equity interest in limited liability company to Qwest Services Corporation     (12)
Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2017 $ 9,337 $ 10,050 $ (713)
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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation and Summary of SIgnificant Accounting Policies
Background and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
General
We are an integrated communications company engaged primarily in providing an array of communications services to our business and residential customers. Our communications services include local voice, broadband, private line (including business data services), Ethernet, network access, information technology and other ancillary services. In certain local and regional markets, we also provide local access and fiber transport services to competitive local exchange carriers.
We generate the majority of our total consolidated operating revenues from services provided in the 14-state region of Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington and Wyoming. We refer to this region as our local service area.
On April 1, 2011, our indirect parent QCII became a wholly-owned subsidiary of CenturyLink, Inc. in a tax-free, stock-for-stock transaction.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our subsidiaries. Intercompany amounts and transactions with our consolidated subsidiaries have been eliminated. Transactions with our non-consolidated affiliates (referred to herein as affiliates) have not been eliminated.
We reclassified certain prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation, including the categorization of our revenues for 2016 and 2015. See Note 9—Products and Services Revenues for additional information. These changes had no impact on total operating revenues, total operating expenses or net income for any period presented.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. These accounting principles require us to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. We believe that the estimates, judgments and assumptions we make when accounting for specific items and matters, including, but not limited to, long-term contracts, customer retention patterns, allowance for doubtful accounts, depreciation, amortization, asset valuations, rates used for affiliate cost allocations, internal labor capitalization rates, recoverability of assets (including deferred tax assets), impairment assessments, taxes, certain liabilities and other provisions and contingencies, are reasonable, based on information available at the time they are made. Our accounting for CenturyLink's indirect acquisition of us required extensive use of estimates in determining the acquisition date fair values of our assets and liabilities. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can materially affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and components of stockholder's equity as of the dates of the consolidated balance sheets, as well as the reported amounts of revenues, expenses and components of cash flows during the periods presented in our other consolidated financial statements. We also make estimates in our assessments of potential losses in relation to threatened or pending tax and legal matters. See Note 11—Income Taxes and Note 15—Commitments and Contingencies for additional information.
For matters not related to income taxes, if a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, we recognize an expense for the estimated loss. If we have the potential to recover a portion of the estimated loss from a third party, we make a separate assessment of recoverability and reduce the estimated loss if recovery is also deemed probable.
For matters related to income taxes, if we determine that the impact of an uncertain tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority, then we recognize a benefit for the largest amount that is more likely than not to be sustained. No portion of an uncertain tax position will be recognized if the position has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Interest is recognized on the amount of unrecognized benefit from uncertain tax positions.
For all of these and other matters, actual results could differ materially from our estimates.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue for services when the related services are provided. Recognition of certain payments received in advance of services being provided is deferred until the service is provided. These advance payments include activation and installation charges, which we recognize as revenue over the expected customer relationship period, which ranges from three to seven years depending on the service. We also defer costs for customer activations and installations. The deferral of customer activation and installation costs is limited to the amount of revenue deferred on advance payments. Costs in excess of advance payments are recorded as expense in the period such costs are incurred. Expected customer relationship periods are estimated using historical experience. In most cases, termination fees or other fees on existing contracts that are negotiated in conjunction with new contracts are deferred and recognized over the new contract term.
We offer bundle discounts to our customers who receive certain groupings of services. These bundle discounts are recognized concurrently with the associated revenue and are allocated to the various services in the bundled offering based on the estimated selling price of services included in each bundled combination.
Customer arrangements that include both equipment and services are evaluated to determine whether the elements are separable. If the elements are deemed separable and separate earnings processes exist, the revenue associated with the customer arrangement is allocated to each element based on the relative estimated selling price of the separate elements. We have estimated the selling prices of each element by reference to vendor-specific objective evidence of selling prices when the elements are sold separately. The revenue associated with each element is then recognized as earned. For example, if we receive an advance payment when we sell equipment and continuing service together, we immediately recognize as revenue the amount allocated to the equipment as long as all the conditions for revenue recognition have been satisfied. The portion of the advance payment allocated to the service based upon its relative selling price is recognized ratably over the longer of the contractual period or the expected customer relationship period.
In connection with offering products and services provided by third-party vendors, we review the relationship between us, the vendor and the end customer to assess whether revenue should be reported on a gross or net basis. In assessing whether revenue should be reported on a gross or net basis, we consider whether we act as a principal in the transaction, take title to the products, have risk and rewards of ownership or act as an agent or broker.
Affiliate Transactions
We provide to our affiliates telecommunications services that we also provide to external customers. In addition, we provide to our affiliates computer system development and support services. Services provided by us to our affiliates are recognized as operating revenue-affiliates in our consolidated statements of operations. We also purchase services from our affiliates including telecommunications services, marketing and employee-related support services. Services provided to us from our affiliates are recognized as operating expenses-affiliates on our consolidated statements of operations. Because of the significance of the services we provide to our affiliates and our affiliates provide to us, the results of operations, financial position and cash flows presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations, financial position and cash flows we would have achieved had we operated as a stand-alone entity during the periods presented.
We recognize intercompany charges at the amounts billed to us by our affiliates and we recognize intercompany revenue for services we bill to our affiliates. Regulatory rules require certain revenues and expenses to be recorded at market price or fully distributed cost. Our compliance with regulations is subject to review by regulators. Adjustments to intercompany charges that result from these reviews are recorded in the period they become known.
CenturyLink has cash management arrangements between certain of its subsidiaries that include lines of credit, affiliate obligations, capital contributions and dividends. As part of these cash management arrangements, an affiliate provides lines of credit to certain other affiliates. Amounts outstanding under these lines of credit and intercompany obligations vary from time to time. Under these arrangements, the majority of our cash balance is transferred on a daily basis to CenturyLink and most affiliate transactions are deemed to be settled at the time the transactions are recorded in our accounting records, with the resulting net balance at the end of each period reflected as advances to affiliates on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. From time to time we declare and pay dividends to our parent, QSC, which are settled through the advances to affiliates, which has the net effect of reducing the amount of these advances. Dividends declared are reflected on our consolidated statements of stockholder's equity and the consolidated statements of cash flows reflects the changes in advances to affiliates as investing activities and changes in advances from affiliates as financing activities. Interest is assessed on the advances to/from affiliates on either the three-month U.S T-bill rate (for advances to affiliates) or CenturyLink’s weighted average borrowing rate (for advances from affiliates).
The affiliate obligations, net in current and noncurrent liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets primarily represents the cumulative allocation of expense, net of payments, associated with QCII’s pension plans and post-retirement benefits plans prior to the plan mergers. In 2015, we agreed to a plan to settle the outstanding affiliate obligations, net balance with QCII over a 30 year term. Under the plan, payments are scheduled to be made on a monthly basis. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we made settlement payments of $87 million and $97 million, respectively, to QCII in accordance with plan. Changes in the affiliate obligations, net are reflected in operating activities on our consolidated statements of cash flows.
In the normal course of business, we transfer assets to and from various affiliates through our parent, QSC, which are recorded through our equity. It is our policy to record asset transfers based on carrying values.
USF Surcharges, Gross Receipts Taxes and Other Surcharges
In determining whether to include in our revenues and expenses the taxes and surcharges collected from customers and remitted to government authorities, including USF surcharges, sales, use, value added and some excise taxes, we assess, among other things, whether we are the primary obligor or principal taxpayer for the taxes assessed in each jurisdiction where we do business. In jurisdictions where we determine that we are the principal taxpayer, we record the surcharges on a gross basis and include them in our revenues and costs of services and products. In jurisdictions where we determine that we are merely a collection agent for the government authority, we record the taxes on a net basis and do not include them in our revenues and costs of services and products.
Advertising Costs
Costs related to advertising are expensed as incurred and included in selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. Our advertising expense was $139 million, $91 million and $84 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Legal Costs
In the normal course of our business, we incur costs to hire and retain external legal counsel to advise us on regulatory, litigation and other matters. We expense these costs as the related services are received.
Income Taxes
Our results are included in the CenturyLink consolidated federal income tax return and certain combined state income tax returns. CenturyLink allocates income tax expense to us based upon a separate return allocation method which results in income tax expense that approximates the expense that would result if we were a stand-alone entity. Our reported deferred tax assets and liabilities, as discussed below and in Note 11—Income Taxes, are primarily determined as a result of the application of the separate return allocation method and therefore the settlement of these amounts is dependent upon our parent, CenturyLink, rather than tax authorities. Our current expectation is that the vast majority of deferred tax assets and liabilities will be settled through our general intercompany obligation based upon the current CenturyLink policy. CenturyLink has the right to change their policy regarding settlement of these assets and liabilities at any time.
The provision for income taxes consists of an amount for taxes currently payable, an amount for tax consequences deferred to future periods and adjustments to our liabilities for uncertain tax positions. We record deferred income tax assets and liabilities reflecting future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying value of assets and liabilities and the tax bases of those assets and liabilities. Deferred taxes are computed using enacted tax rates expected to apply in the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rate is recognized in earnings in the period that includes the enactment date.
We establish valuation allowances when necessary to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amounts that we believe are more likely than not to be recovered. Each quarter we evaluate the need to retain all or a portion of the valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets. See Note 11—Income Taxes for additional information.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into cash and are not subject to significant risk from fluctuations in interest rates. As a result, the value at which cash and cash equivalents are reported in our consolidated financial statements approximates their fair value. Our cash collections are transferred to CenturyLink on a daily basis and our ultimate parent funds our cash disbursement needs. The net cash transferred to CenturyLink has been reflected as advances to affiliates in our consolidated balance sheets.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Accounts receivable are recognized based upon the amount due from customers for the services provided or at cost for purchased and other receivables less an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts receivable reflects our best estimate of probable losses inherent in our receivable portfolio determined on the basis of historical experience, specific allowances for known troubled accounts and other currently available evidence. We generally consider our accounts past due if they are outstanding over 30 days. Our collection process varies by the customer segment, amount of the receivable, and our evaluation of the customer's credit risk. Our past due accounts are written off against our allowance for doubtful accounts when collection is considered to be not probable. Any recoveries of accounts previously written off are generally recognized as a reduction in bad debt expense in the period received. The carrying value of accounts receivable, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts, approximates fair value.
Property, Plant and Equipment
As a result of our indirect acquisition by CenturyLink, property, plant and equipment acquired at the time of acquisition was recorded based on its estimated fair value as of the acquisition date. Subsequently purchased and constructed property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Property, plant and equipment is depreciated primarily using the straight-line group method. Under the straight-line group method, assets dedicated to providing telecommunications services (which comprise the majority of our property, plant and equipment) that have similar physical characteristics, use and expected useful lives are pooled for purposes of depreciation and tracking. The equal life group procedure is used to establish each pool's average remaining useful life. Generally, under the straight-line group method, when an asset is sold or retired in the course of normal business activities, the cost is deducted from property, plant and equipment and charged to accumulated depreciation without recognition of a gain or loss. A gain or loss is recognized in our consolidated statements of operations only if a disposal is unusual. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the useful lives of the assets or the expected lease term. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Interest is capitalized during the construction phase of network and other internal-use capital projects. Employee-related costs for construction of network and other internal use assets are also capitalized during the construction phase. Property, plant and equipment supplies used internally are carried at average cost, except for significant individual items for which cost is based on specific identification.
We perform annual internal reviews to evaluate the reasonableness of the depreciable lives for our property, plant and equipment. Our reviews utilize models that take into account actual usage, physical wear and tear, replacement history, assumptions about technology evolution and, in certain instances, actuarially determined probabilities to estimate the remaining useful life of our asset base. Our remaining useful life assessments anticipate the loss in service value of assets that may precede the physical retirement. Assets shared among many customers may lose service value as those customers leave the network. However, the asset is not retired until all customers no longer utilize the asset and we determine there is no alternative use for the asset.
We review long-lived tangible assets for impairment whenever facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be recoverable. For assessment purposes, long-lived assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities, absent a material change in operations. An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying amount of the asset group is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. Recoverability of the asset group to be held and used is assessed by comparing the carrying amount of the asset group to the estimated undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group. If the asset group's carrying value is not recoverable, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value. We determine fair values by using a combination of comparable market values and discounted cash flows, as appropriate.
Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets
Intangible assets arising from business combinations, such as goodwill, customer relationships and capitalized software are initially recorded at estimated fair value. We amortize customer relationships primarily over an estimated life of ten years, using either the sum-of-the-years-digits or the straight-line methods, depending on the type of customer. We amortize capitalized software using the straight-line method over estimated lives ranging up to seven years. Other intangible assets not arising from business combinations are initially recorded at cost.
Internally used software, whether purchased or developed by us, is capitalized and amortized using the straight-line method over its estimated useful life. We have capitalized certain costs associated with software such as costs of employees devoting time to the projects and external direct costs for materials and services. Costs associated with software to be used for internal purposes are expensed until the point at which the project has reached the development stage. Subsequent additions, modifications or upgrades to internal-use software are capitalized only to the extent that they allow the software to perform a task it previously did not perform. Software maintenance, data conversion and training costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. We review the remaining economic lives of our capitalized software annually. Capitalized software is included in other intangible assets, net, in our consolidated balance sheets.
We are required to assess goodwill for impairment at least annually, or more frequently, if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate an impairment may have occurred. We are required to write-down the value of goodwill in periods in which the recorded amount of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of goodwill. The impairment assessment is performed annually at the reporting unit level. We have determined that our operations consist of one reporting unit, consistent with our determination that our business consists of one operating segment. See Note 2—Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets for additional information.
Pension and Post-Retirement Benefits
A substantial portion of our active and retired employees participate in the CenturyLink Combined Pension Plan. On December 31, 2014, the QCII pension plan and a pension plan of an affiliate were merged into the CenturyLink Retirement Plan. The CenturyLink Retirement Plan was renamed the CenturyLink Combined Pension Plan. Prior to the pension plan merger, the above-noted employees participated in the QCII pension plan. In addition, certain of our employees participate in CenturyLink's post-retirement health care and life insurance benefit plans. CenturyLink allocates service costs relating to pension and post-retirement health care and life insurance benefits to us and its other affiliates. The amounts contributed by us through CenturyLink are not segregated or restricted to pay amounts due to our employees and may be used to provide benefits to other employees of CenturyLink. The allocation of the service costs to us is based upon our employees who are currently earning benefits under the plans.
For further information on qualified pension, post-retirement and other post-employment benefit plans, see CenturyLink's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Goodwill Impairment
On January 26, 2017, The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") ASU 2017-04, “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” (“ASU 2017-04”). ASU 2017-04 simplifies the impairment testing for goodwill by changing the measurement for goodwill impairment. Under current rules, we are required to compute the implied fair value of goodwill to measure the impairment amount if the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value. Under ASU 2017-04, the goodwill impairment charge will equal the excess of the reporting unit carrying value above fair value, limited to the amount of goodwill assigned to the reporting unit.
We are required to adopt the provisions of ASU 2017-04 for any goodwill impairment tests, including our required annual test, occurring after January 1, 2020, but have the option to early adopt for any impairment test that we are required to perform. We have not determined if we will elect to early adopt the provisions of ASU 2017-04. The provisions of ASU 2017-04 would not have affected our last goodwill impairment assessment, but no assurance can be provided that the simplified testing methodology will not affect our goodwill impairment assessment in the future.
Income Taxes
On October 24, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, “Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory” ("ASU 2016-16"). ASU 2016-16 eliminates the current prohibition on the recognition of the income tax effects on the transfer of assets among our subsidiaries. After adoption of this ASU, the income tax effects associated with these asset transfers, except for the transfer of inventory, will be recognized in the period the asset is transferred versus the current deferral and recognition upon either the sale of the asset to a third party or over the remaining useful life of the asset.
We plan to adopt the provisions of ASU 2016-16 on January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-16 is not expected to have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements.
Financial Instruments
On June 16, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). The primary impact of ASU 2016-13 for us is a change in the model for the recognition of credit losses related to our financial instruments from an incurred loss model, which recognized credit losses only if it was probable that a loss had been incurred, to an expected loss model, which requires our management team to estimate the total credit losses expected on the portfolio of financial instruments. We are currently reviewing the requirements of the standard and evaluating the impact on our consolidated financial statements.    
We are required to adopt the provisions of ASU 2016-13 effective January 1, 2020, but could elect to early adopt the provisions as of January 1, 2019. We expect to recognize the impacts of adopting ASU 2016-13 through a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings as of the date of adoption. As of the date of this report, we have not yet determined the date we will adopt ASU 2016-13.
Leases
On February 25, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (“ASU 2016-02”). The core principle of ASU 2016-02 will require lessees to present right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on their balance sheets for operating leases, which are currently not reflected on their balance sheets.
ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning January 1, 2019. Early adoption of ASU 2016-02 is permitted. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-02, we are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented in our consolidated financial statements using a modified retrospective approach. The modified retrospective approach includes a number of optional practical expedients that we may elect to apply.
We have completed our initial assessment of our business and system requirements and we are currently developing and implementing a new lease accounting and administrative system to comply with the requirements of ASU 2016-02. We plan to adopt the standard when it becomes effective for us beginning January 1, 2019 and the adoption of the standard will result in the recognition of right of use assets and lease liabilities that have not previously been recorded. Although we believe it is premature as of the date of this report to provide any estimate of the impact of adopting ASU 2016-02, we do expect that it will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
On May 28, 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 replaces virtually all existing generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) on revenue recognition and replaces them with a principles-based approach for determining revenue recognition using a new five step model. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 also includes new accounting principles related to the deferral and amortization of contract acquisition and fulfillment costs.
On July 9, 2015, the FASB approved the deferral of the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year until January 1, 2018, which is the date we plan to adopt this standard. ASU 2014-09 may be adopted by applying the provisions of this standard on a retrospective basis to the periods included in the financial statements or on a modified retrospective basis which would result in the recognition of a cumulative effect of adopting ASU 2014-09 in the first quarter of 2018. We plan to adopt the new revenue recognition standard under the modified retrospective transition method.
The most significant judgments and impacts upon adoption of the standard include the following items:
Upon adoption, we will defer (i.e. capitalize) incremental contract acquisition costs and recognize (i.e. amortize) them over the term of the initial contract and anticipated renewal contracts to which the costs relate. Our deferred contract costs for our business and consumer customers have average amortization periods of approximately 49 months and 30 months, respectively, and are subject to being monitored every period to reflect any significant change in assumptions. In addition, we will assess our deferred contract cost asset for impairment on a periodic basis.
Promotional bill credits, discounts and prepaid cards offered to customers as part of renewing services or entering into a new services arrangement that are paid over time and are contingent on the customer maintaining a service contract results in an extended service contract term with multiple performance obligations, which impacts the allocation and timing of revenue recognition between service revenue and revenue assigned to the customer credits. A contract asset will be recorded when services are delivered to the customer, and subsequently recognized as a reduction to service revenue over the extended contract term.
We are in the process of implementing a new revenue accounting system, as well as, new processes and internal controls over revenue recognition to assist us in the application of the new standard.
The cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard on January 1, 2018 is estimated to be an increase to retained earnings of approximately $150 million to $300 million.
v3.8.0.1
Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill, customer relationships and other intangible assets consisted of the following:
 
As of December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(Dollars in millions)
Goodwill
$
9,360

 
9,354

Customer relationships, less accumulated amortization of $4,337 and $3,822
$
1,362

 
1,877

Other intangible assets subject to amortization:
 
 
 
Capitalized software, less accumulated amortization of $1,619 and $1,510
$
379

 
471


As of December 31, 2017, the gross carrying amount of goodwill, customer relationships and other intangible assets was $17.057 billion.
Total amortization expense for intangible assets was as follows:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Dollars in millions)
Amortization expense for intangible assets
$
671

 
767

 
871


We estimate that total amortization expense for intangible assets for the years ending December 31, 2018 through 2022 will be as follows:
 
(Dollars in millions)
Year ending December 31,
 
2018
$
583

2019
513

2020
446

2021
136

2022
32


We annually review the estimated lives and methods used to amortize our other intangible assets. The actual amounts of amortization expense may differ materially from our estimates, depending on the results of our annual reviews.
Substantially, all of our goodwill was derived from CenturyLink's acquisition of us where the purchase price exceeded the fair value of the net assets acquired.
We assess our goodwill for impairment annually, or, under certain circumstances, more frequently, such as when events or changes in circumstances indicate there may be impairment. We are required to write down the value of goodwill only when our assessment determines the recorded amount of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value. Our annual impairment assessment date for goodwill is October 31, at which date we assessed goodwill at our reporting units. In reviewing the criteria for reporting units, we have determined that we are one reporting unit.
We compare our estimated fair value of equity to our carrying value of equity. If the estimated fair value of our equity is greater than the carrying value of our equity, we conclude that no impairment exists. If the estimated fair value of our equity is less than our carrying value of our equity, a second calculation is required in which the implied fair value of goodwill is compared to our carrying value of goodwill. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than our carrying value of goodwill, goodwill must be written down to the implied fair value.
At October 31, 2017, we utilized a Level 3 valuation technique to estimate the fair value of our equity by considering both a market approach and a discounted cash flow method. The market approach method includes the use of comparable multiples of publicly traded companies whose services are comparable to ours. The discounted cash flow method is based on the present value of projected cash flows and a terminal value, which represents the expected normalized cash flows of the reporting unit beyond the cash flows from the discrete projection period. Based on our assessment performed with respect to our reporting unit as described above, we concluded that our goodwill was not impaired as of that date. As of October 31, 2016 and 2015, based on our assessments performed, we concluded that our goodwill was not impaired as of those dates.
v3.8.0.1
Long-Term Debt and Revolving Promissory Note
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Long-Term Debt and Revolving Promissory Note
Long-Term Debt and Revolving Promissory Note
Long-term debt, including unamortized premiums and discounts, unamortized debt issuance costs and note payable-affiliate, were as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31,
 
Interest Rates
 
Maturities
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
Senior notes
6.125% - 7.750%
 
2021 - 2057
 
$
7,294

 
7,259

Term loan
3.570%
 
2025
 
100

 
100

Capital lease and other obligations
Various
 
Various
 
36

 
32

Unamortized premiums, net
 
 
 
 
1

 
4

Unamortized debt issuance costs
 
 
 
 
(150
)
 
(134
)
Total long-term debt
 
 
 
 
7,281

 
7,261

Less current maturities
 
 
 
 
(17
)
 
(514
)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities
 
 
 
 
$
7,264

 
6,747

Note payable-affiliate
6.710%
 
2022
 
$
965

 
914

New Issuances
2017
On April 27, 2017, Qwest Corporation issued $575 million aggregate principal amount of 6.75% Notes due 2057 and, on May 5, 2017, issued an additional $85 million aggregate principal amount of such notes pursuant to an over-allotment option in exchange for aggregate net proceeds, after deducting underwriting discounts and other expenses, of $638 million. All of the 6.75% Notes are senior unsecured obligations and may be redeemed by Qwest Corporation, in whole or in part, on or after June 15, 2022, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date.
2016
On August 22, 2016, Qwest Corporation issued $978 million aggregate principal amount of 6.5% Notes due 2056, including $128 million principal amount that was sold pursuant to an over-allotment option, in exchange for net proceeds, after deducting underwriting discounts and other expenses, of $946 million. All of the 6.5% Notes are unsecured obligations and may be redeemed by Qwest Corporation, in whole or in part, on or after September 1, 2021, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date.
On January 29, 2016, Qwest Corporation issued $235 million aggregate principal amount of 7% Notes due 2056, in exchange for net proceeds, after deducting underwriting discounts and other expenses, of $227 million. All of the 7% Notes are unsecured obligations and may be redeemed by Qwest Corporation, in whole or in part, on or after February 1, 2021, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date.
Repayments
2017
On May 9, 2017, Qwest Corporation redeemed $125 million aggregate principal amount of the remaining $288 million of its 7.5% Notes due 2051, which resulted in an immaterial loss.
On May 4, 2017, Qwest Corporation redeemed all $500 million of its 6.5% Notes due 2017, which resulted in an immaterial loss.
2016
On September 15, 2016, Qwest Corporation redeemed $287 million of its 7.5% Notes due 2051, which resulted in a loss of $9 million.
On August 29, 2016, Qwest Corporation redeemed all $661 million of its 7.375% Notes due 2051, which resulted in a loss of $18 million.
On May 2, 2016, Qwest Corporation paid at maturity the $235 million principal amount and accrued and unpaid interest due under its 8.375% Notes.
Term Loan
In 2015, Qwest Corporation entered into a term loan in the amount of $100 million with CoBank, ACB. The outstanding unpaid principal amount of this term loan plus any accrued and unpaid interest is due on February 20, 2025. Interest is paid monthly based upon either the applicable London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or the base rate (as defined in the credit agreement) plus an applicable margin between 1.50% to 2.50% per annum for LIBOR loans and 0.50% to 1.50% per annum for base rate loans depending on Qwest Corporation's then current senior unsecured long-term debt rating. At both December 31, 2017 and 2016, the outstanding principal balance on this term loan was $100 million.
Aggregate Maturities of Long-Term Debt
Set forth below is the aggregate principal amount of our long-term debt (excluding unamortized premiums and discounts and unamortized debt issuance costs and other and excluding note payable-affiliate) maturing during the following years:
 
(Dollars in millions)(1)
2018
$
17

2019
10

2020
5

2021
951

2022
1

2023 and thereafter
6,446

Total long-term debt
$
7,430

_______________________________________________________________________________
(1) Actual principal paid in any year may differ due to the possible future refinancing of outstanding debt or the issuance of new debt.
Revolving Promissory Note
On September 30, 2017, Qwest Corporation entered into an amended and restated revolving promissory note in the amount of $965 million with an affiliate of our ultimate parent company, CenturyLink, Inc. This note replaced and amended the original $1.0 billion revolving promissory note Qwest Corporation entered into on April 18, 2012 with the same affiliate. The outstanding principal balance of this new revolving promissory note and the accrued interest thereon shall be due and payable on demand, but if no demand is made, then on June 30, 2022. Interest is accrued on the outstanding balance during an interest period using a weighted average per annum interest rate on the consolidated outstanding debt of CenturyLink and its subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2017, the amended and restated revolving promissory note had an outstanding balance of $965 million and bore interest at a weighted-average interest rate of 6.710%. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the amended and restated revolving promissory note and the original revolving promissory note, respectively, are reflected on our consolidated balance sheets as a current liability under “Note payable-affiliate”. In accordance with the terms of the amended and restated revolving promissory note, interest shall be assessed on June 30th and December 31st (an "Interest Period"). Any assessed interest for an Interest Period that remains unpaid on the last day of the subsequent Interest Period is to be capitalized on such date and is to begin accruing interest. As of December 31, 2017, $16 million of accrued interest is reflected in other current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet.
Interest Expense
Interest expense includes interest on total long-term debt. The following table presents the amount of gross interest expense, net of capitalized interest and interest expense-affiliates, net:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Dollars in millions)
Interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
Gross interest expense
$
497

 
497

 
491

Capitalized interest
(32
)
 
(19
)
 
(18
)
Total interest expense
$
465

 
478

 
473

Interest expense-affiliates, net
$
63

 
59

 
53


Covenants
Our senior notes were issued under indentures dated April 15, 1990 and October 15, 1999. These indentures contain certain covenants including, but not limited to: (i) a prohibition on certain liens on our assets; and (ii) a limitation on mergers or sales of all, or substantially all, of our assets, which limitation requires that a successor assume the obligation with regard to these notes. These indentures do not contain any cross-default provisions. These indentures do not contain any financial covenants or restrictions on our ability to issue new securities thereunder.
Under the Qwest Corporation term loan, Qwest Corporation must maintain a debt to EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, as defined in CenturyLink's Credit Facility) ratio of not more than 2.85:1.0, as of the last day of each fiscal quarter for the four quarters then ended. The term loan also contains a negative pledge covenant, which generally requires us to secure equally and ratably any advances under the term loan if we pledge assets or permit liens on our property for the benefit of other debtholders. The term loan also has a cross payment default and cross acceleration provisions. When present, these provisions could have a wider impact on liquidity than might otherwise arise from a default or acceleration of a single debt instrument. Our debt to EBITDA ratio could be adversely impacted by a wide variety of events, including unforeseen contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. This could reduce our financing flexibility due to potential restrictions on incurring additional debt under certain provisions of our debt agreements or, in certain circumstances, could result in a default under certain provisions of such agreements.
At December 31, 2017, we believe we were in compliance with all of the provisions and covenants contained in our debt agreements.
v3.8.0.1
Accounts Receivable
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Receivables [Abstract]  
Accounts Receivable
Accounts Receivable
The following table presents details of our accounts receivable balances:
 
As of December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(Dollars in millions)
Trade and purchased receivables
$
591

 
634

Earned and unbilled receivables
99

 
115

Other
3

 
4

Total accounts receivable
693

 
753

Less: allowance for doubtful accounts
(47
)
 
(53
)
Accounts receivable, less allowance
$
646

 
700

We are exposed to concentrations of credit risk from residential and business customers within our local service area and from other telecommunications service providers. No customers individually represented more than 10% of our accounts receivable for all periods presented herein. We generally do not require collateral to secure our receivable balances. We have agreements with other telecommunications service providers whereby we agree to bill and collect on their behalf for services rendered by those providers to our customers within our local service area. We purchase accounts receivable from other telecommunications service providers primarily on a recourse basis and include these amounts in our accounts receivable balance. We have not experienced any significant loss associated with these purchased receivables.
The following table presents details of our allowance for doubtful accounts:
 
Beginning
Balance
 
Additions
 
Deductions
 
Ending
Balance
 
(Dollars in millions)
2017
$
53

 
74

 
(80
)
 
47

2016
$
47

 
80

 
(74
)
 
53

2015
$
38

 
78

 
(69
)
 
47

v3.8.0.1
Property, Plant and Equipment
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment
Net property, plant and equipment is composed of the following:
 
Depreciable
Lives
 
As of December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
Property, plant and equipment:
 
 
 
 
 
Land
N/A
 
$
333

 
348

Fiber, conduit and other outside plant(1)
15-45 years
 
6,639

 
5,980

Central office and other network electronics(2)
4-10 years
 
4,250

 
3,855

Support assets(3)
5-30 years
 
2,620

 
2,633

Construction in progress(4)
N/A
 
474

 
431

Gross property, plant and equipment
 
 
14,316

 
13,247

Accumulated depreciation
 
 
(6,392
)
 
(5,602
)
Net property, plant and equipment
 
 
$
7,924

 
7,645

_______________________________________________________________________________
(1) 
Fiber, conduit and other outside plant consists of fiber and metallic cable, conduit, poles and other supporting structures.
(2) 
Central office and other network electronics consists of circuit and packet switches, routers, transmission electronics and electronics providing service to customers.
(3) 
Support assets consist of buildings, computers and other administrative and support equipment.
(4) 
Construction in progress includes inventory held for construction and property of the aforementioned categories that has not been placed in service as it is still under construction.
We recorded depreciation expense of $912 million, $924 million and $986 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
v3.8.0.1
Severance
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Severance
Severance
Periodically, we reduce our workforce and accrue liabilities for the related severance costs. These workforce reductions result primarily from the progression or completion of our post-acquisition integration plans related to CenturyLink's indirect acquisition of us, increased competitive pressures, cost reduction initiatives, process improvements through automation and reduced workload demands due to the loss of customers purchasing certain services.
We report severance liabilities within accrued expenses and other liabilities-salaries and benefits in our consolidated balance sheets and report severance expenses in cost of services and products and selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.
Changes in our accrued liability for severance expenses were as follows:
 
Severance
 
(Dollars in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2015
$
6

Accrued to expense
89

Payments, net
(43
)
Balance at December 31, 2016
52

Accrued to expense
14

Payments, net
(58
)
Balance at December 31, 2017
$
8

v3.8.0.1
Employee Benefits
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Employee Benefits
Employee Benefits
Pension and Post-Retirement Benefits
QCII's post-retirement benefit plans were merged into CenturyLink's post-retirement benefit plans on January 1, 2012 and on December 31, 2014, QCII's qualified pension plan and a pension plan of an affiliate were merged into the CenturyLink Retirement Plan, which was renamed the CenturyLink Combined Pension Plan. Prior to the plan mergers, a substantial portion of our active and retired employees participated in QCII's pension and post-retirement plans. Based on current laws and circumstances, (i) CenturyLink was not required to make a cash contribution to the CenturyLink Combined Pension Plan in 2017 and (ii) CenturyLink does not expect it will be required to make a contribution in 2018. The amount of required contributions to the CenturyLink Combined Pension Plan in 2019 and beyond will depend on earnings on plan investments, prevailing discount rates, demographic experience, changes in plan benefits and changes in funding laws and regulations. CenturyLink occasionally makes voluntary contributions in addition to required contributions, and CenturyLink made such voluntary cash contributions of $100 million to the CenturyLink Combined Pension Plan during each of the third quarters of 2017 and 2016. CenturyLink currently expects to make a voluntary contribution of $100 million to the trust for its qualified pension plan in 2018. No contributions were made to the post-retirement occupational health care trust in 2017 or 2016 and CenturyLink does not expect to make a contribution in 2018.
The unfunded status of CenturyLink's qualified pension plan for accounting purposes was $2.004 billion and $2.352 billion as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which includes the merged QCII qualified pension plan. The unfunded status of CenturyLink's post-retirement benefit plans for accounting purposes was $3.352 billion and $3.360 billion as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
In 2015, our ultimate parent company, CenturyLink, changed their allocation methodology with respect to their now centrally managed pension and post-retirement plans. Specifically, under this new methodology, CenturyLink will allocate current service costs to subsidiaries relative to employees who are currently earning benefits under the pension and post-retirement benefit plans. The net periodic benefit cost allocated to us is now paid on a monthly basis through CenturyLink’s intercompany cash management process.
The affiliate obligations, net in current and noncurrent liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets primarily represents the cumulative allocation of expense, net of payments, associated with QCII's pension plans and post-retirement benefits plans prior to the plan mergers. In 2015, we agreed to a plan to settle the outstanding pension and post-retirement affiliate obligations, net balance with QCII over a 30 year term. Under the plan, payments are scheduled to be made on a monthly basis. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we made settlement payments in the aggregate of $87 million and $97 million, respectively, to QCII under the plan. Changes in the affiliate obligations, net are reflected in operating activities on our consolidated statements of cash flows.
We were allocated $44 million of pension service costs and $12 million of post-retirement service costs during the year ended December 31, 2017, which represented 70% of CenturyLink's total pension and post-retirement service costs for the year. The combined net pension and post-retirement service costs is included in cost of services and products and selling, general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017.
We were allocated $45 million of pension service costs and $14 million of post-retirement service costs during the year ended December 31, 2016, which represented 70% of CenturyLink's total pension and post-retirement service costs for the year. The combined net pension and post-retirement service costs is included in cost of services and products and selling, general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2016.
We were allocated $57 million of pension service costs and $17 million of post-retirement service costs during the year ended December 31, 2015, which represented 69% of CenturyLink's total pension and post-retirement service costs for the year. The combined net pension and post-retirement service costs is included in cost of services and products and selling, general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2015.
CenturyLink sponsors a noncontributory qualified defined benefit pension plan that covers substantially all of our employees. As noted above, on December 31, 2014, QCII's pension plan was merged into the CenturyLink Retirement Plan, which was renamed the CenturyLink Combined Pension Plan. The plan also provides survivor and disability benefits to certain employees. In November 2009, and prior to the plan merger, the pension plan was amended to no longer provide pension benefit accruals for active non-represented employees after December 31, 2009. In addition, non-represented employees hired after January 1, 2009 are not eligible to participate in the plans. Active non-represented employees who participate in these plans retain their accrued pension benefit earned as of December 31, 2009 and certain participants will continue to earn interest credits on their benefit after December 31, 2009. Employees are eligible to receive their vested accrued benefit when they separate from CenturyLink. The plans also provided a death benefit for eligible beneficiaries of certain retirees; however, the plan was amended to eliminate this benefit effective March 1, 2010 for retirees who retired prior to January 1, 2004 and whose deaths occur after February 28, 2010 and eliminate the death benefit for eligible beneficiaries of certain retirees who retired after December 31, 2003.
CenturyLink maintains post-retirement benefit plans that provide health care and life insurance benefits for certain eligible retirees. The QCII post-retirement benefit plans were merged into CenturyLink's post-retirement benefit plans on January 1, 2012. The benefit obligation for the occupational health care and life insurance post-retirement plans is estimated based on the terms of benefit plans. In calculating this obligation, CenturyLink considers numerous assumptions, estimates and judgments, including but not limited to, discount rates, health care cost trend rates and plan amendments. In June 2017, we renewed a collective bargaining agreement for three years which covers approximately 10,000 of our unionized employees. Effective with the renewal, there were no significant changes to the existing benefits for the approximately 10,000 active employees and eligible post-1990 retirees who are former represented employees. This agreement expires in March 2020.
The terms of the post-retirement health care and life insurance plans between CenturyLink and its eligible non-represented employees and its eligible post-1990 non-represented retirees are established by CenturyLink and are subject to change at its discretion. CenturyLink has a practice of sharing some of the cost of providing health care benefits with its non-represented employees and post-1990 non-represented retirees. The benefit obligation for the non-represented post-retirement health care benefits is based on the terms of the current written plan documents and is adjusted for anticipated continued cost sharing with non-represented employees and post-1990 non-represented retirees. However, CenturyLink's contribution under its post-1990 non-represented retirees' health care plan is capped at a specific dollar amount.
Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003
CenturyLink sponsors post-retirement health care plans with several benefit options that provide prescription drug benefits that CenturyLink deems actuarially equivalent to or exceeding Medicare Part D. CenturyLink recognizes the impact of the federal subsidy received under the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 in the calculation of its post-retirement benefit obligation and net periodic post-retirement benefit expense.
Other Benefit Plans
Health Care and Life Insurance
We provide health care and life insurance benefits to essentially all of our active employees. We are largely self-funded for the cost of the health care plan. Our health care benefit expense for current employees was $204 million, $241 million and $217 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Union-represented employee benefits are based on negotiated collective bargaining agreements. Employees' group basic life insurance plans are fully insured and the premiums are paid by CenturyLink.
401(k) Plans
CenturyLink sponsors qualified defined contribution plans covering substantially all of our employees. Under these plans, employees may contribute a percentage of their annual compensation up to certain maximums, as defined by the plans and by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS"). Currently, we match a percentage of our employees' contributions in cash. We recognized $42 million, $42 million and $43 million in expense related to these plans for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
v3.8.0.1
Share-Based Compensation
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
Share-Based Compensation
Share-based Compensation
Share-based compensation expenses are included in cost of services and products, and selling, general, and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.
For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, we recorded a share-based compensation expense of approximately $27 million, $22 million and $21 million, respectively. We recognized an income tax benefit from our compensation expense of approximately $7 million, $8 million and $8 million, respectively, during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
v3.8.0.1
Products and Services Revenues
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Products and Services Revenues
Products and Services Revenues
We are an integrated communications company engaged primarily in providing an array of communications services, including local voice, broadband, private line (including business data services), Ethernet, network access, information technology and other ancillary services. We strive to maintain our customer relationships by, among other things, bundling our service offerings to provide our customers with a complete offering of integrated communications services.
We categorize our products, services and revenues among the following three categories:
Strategic services, which include primarily broadband, Ethernet and other ancillary services;
Legacy services, which include primarily local voice, private line (including business data services), Integrated Services Digital Network ("ISDN") services (which use regular telephone lines to support voice, video and data applications), switched access and other ancillary services; and
Affiliates and other services, which consist primarily of CAF support payments, USF support payments, USF surcharges and services we provide to our affiliates. We receive federal support payments from both Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the CAF program, and support payments from both federal and state USF programs. These support payments are government subsidies designed to reimburse us for various costs related to certain telecommunications services, including the costs of deploying, maintaining and operating voice and broadband infrastructure in high-cost rural areas where we are not able to fully recover our costs from our customers. We also collect USF surcharges based on specific services we list on our customers' invoices to fund the FCC's universal service programs. We provide to our affiliates, telecommunication services that we also provide to external customers. In addition, we provide to our affiliates, computer system development and support services, network support and technical services.
Our operating revenues for our products and services consisted of the following categories for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Dollars in millions)
Strategic services
$
2,686

 
2,696

 
2,617

Legacy services
2,831

 
3,216

 
3,593

Affiliates and other services
3,033

 
2,998

 
2,754

Total operating revenues
$
8,550

 
8,910

 
8,964


We do not have any single external customer that provides more than 10% of our total consolidated operating revenues. Substantially all of our consolidated revenues come from customers located in the United States.
We recognize revenues in our consolidated statements of operations for certain USF surcharges and transaction taxes that we bill to our customers. Our consolidated statements of operations also reflect the offsetting expense for the amounts we remit to the government agencies. The total amount of such surcharges and transaction taxes that we included in revenues aggregated to $134 million, $149 million and $147 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. These USF surcharges, where we record revenue, are included in "other" operating revenues and transaction taxes are included in "legacy services" revenues. We also act as a collection agent for certain other USF and transaction taxes that we are required by government agencies to bill our customers, for which we do not record any revenue or expense because we only act as a pass-through agent.
Our operations are integrated into and reported as part of the consolidated segment data of CenturyLink. CenturyLink's chief operating decision maker ("CODM") is our CODM, but reviews our financial information on an aggregate basis only in connection with our quarterly and annual reports that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Consequently, we do not provide our discrete financial information to the CODM on a regular basis. As such, we believe we have one reportable segment.
v3.8.0.1
Affiliate Transactions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]  
Affiliate Transactions
Affiliate Transactions
We provide to our affiliates, telecommunications services that we also provide to external customers. In addition, we provide to our affiliates, computer system development and support services and network support and technical services.
Below are details of the services we provide to our affiliates:
Telecommunications services. Data, broadband and voice services in support of our affiliates' service offerings;
Computer system development and support services. Information technology services primarily include the labor cost of developing, testing and implementing the system changes necessary to support order entry, provisioning, billing, network and financial systems, as well as the cost of improving, maintaining and operating our operations support systems and shared internal communications networks; and
Network support and technical services. Network support and technical services relate to forecasting demand volumes and developing plans around network utilization and optimization, developing and implementing plans for overall product development, provisioning and customer care.
We charge our affiliates for services that we also provide to external customers, while other services that we provide only to our affiliates are priced by applying a fully distributed cost ("FDC") methodology. FDC rates include salaries and wages, payroll taxes, employee related benefits, miscellaneous expenses, and charges for the use of our buildings, computing and software assets. Whenever possible, costs are directly assigned to our affiliates for the services they use. If costs cannot be directly assigned, they are allocated among all affiliates based upon cost causative measures; or if no cost causative measure is available, these costs are allocated based on a general allocator. These cost allocation methodologies are reasonable. From time to time, we adjust the basis for allocating the costs of a shared service among affiliates. Such changes in allocation methodologies are generally billed prospectively.
We also purchase services from our affiliates including telecommunication services, insurance, flight services and other support services such as legal, regulatory, finance and accounting, tax, human resources and executive support. Our affiliates charge us for these services based on FDC.
v3.8.0.1
Income Taxes
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Act") was signed into law. The Act significantly changes U.S. tax law. The Act reduces the U.S. corporate income tax rate from a maximum of 35% to 21% for all corporations, effective January 1, 2018, and makes certain changes to U.S. taxation of income earned by foreign subsidiaries, capital expenditures, interest expense and various other items.
As a result of the reduction in the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, we re-measured our net deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2017 and recognized a provisional tax benefit of $555 million in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017.
On December 22, 2017, the SEC staff addressed the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Act. We have provisionally recognized the tax impacts related to the re-measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities in the amount noted above in our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017. The ultimate impact may differ from our provisional amount due to additional analysis, changes in interpretations and assumptions we have made, additional regulatory guidance that may be issued, and actions we may take as a result of the Act. The change from our current provisional estimates will be reflected in our future statements of operations and could be material. We expect to complete the accounting by the time we file our 2017 U.S. corporate income tax return in the fourth quarter of 2018, although we cannot assure you of this.
We are included in the consolidated federal income tax returns and the combined state income tax returns of CenturyLink. CenturyLink treats our consolidated results as if we were a separate taxpayer. The policy requires us to settle our tax liabilities through a change in our general intercompany obligation based upon our separate return taxable income, which is reflected in advances to affiliates on our consolidated balance sheets. Because we are included in the consolidated federal income tax returns and the combined state income tax returns of CenturyLink, any tax audits involving CenturyLink will also involve us. We, or at least one of our subsidiaries, file income tax returns in various states jurisdictions.
With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2008. The Internal Revenue Service and state and local taxing authorities reserve the right to audit any period where net operating loss carryforwards are available.
As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had no liability for interest related to uncertain tax positions. Additionally, we did not record interest expense related to uncertain tax positions for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. We made no accrual for penalties related to income tax positions.
Income Tax Expense
The components of the income tax expense from continuing operations are as follows:

Years Ended December 31,

2017
 
2016
 
2015

(Dollars in millions)
Income tax expense:





Current:





Federal and foreign
$
777


686

 
734

State and local
130


115

 
114

Total current
907


801


848

Deferred:





Federal and foreign
(736
)

(103
)
 
(170
)
State and local
(37
)

(20
)
 
(19
)
Total deferred
(773
)

(123
)

(189
)
Income tax expense
$
134


678


659


The effective income tax rate for continuing operations differs from the statutory tax rate as follows:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in percent)
Effective income tax rate:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal statutory income tax rate
35.0
 %
 
35.0
%
 
35.0
 %
State income taxes-net of federal effect
3.4
 %
 
3.5
%
 
3.6
 %
Tax reform
(31.0
)%
 
%
 
 %
Other
0.1
 %
 
%
 
(0.6
)%
Effective income tax rate
7.5
 %
 
38.5
%
 
38.0
 %

The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2017 reflects the benefit of $555 million from the re-measurement of deferred taxes as noted above.
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The tax effects of temporary differences that gave rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities were as follows:
 
As of December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(Dollars in millions)
Deferred tax assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment
$
(933
)
 
(1,384
)
Intangibles assets
(553
)
 
(1,088
)
Receivable from an affiliate due to pension plan participation

 
(452
)
Total deferred tax liabilities
(1,486
)
 
(2,924
)
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Payable to affiliate due to post-retirement benefit plan participation
366

 
954

Other
127

 
209

Gross deferred tax assets
493

 
1,163

Less valuation allowance on deferred tax assets
(8
)
 
(12
)
Net deferred tax assets
485

 
1,151

Net deferred tax liabilities
$
(1,001
)
 
(1,773
)

At December 31, 2017, we have established a valuation allowance of $8 million as it is not more likely than not that this amount of deferred tax assets will be realized. There was a $4 million change to the valuation allowance in 2017, all attributable to tax reform.
Other Income Tax Information
We paid $907 million, $801 million and $848 million to QSC related to income taxes in the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
v3.8.0.1
Fair Value Disclosure
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Disclosure
Fair Value Disclosure
Our financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, advances to affiliates, accounts payable, note payable-affiliate and long-term debt, excluding capital lease and other obligations. Due to their short-term nature, the carrying amounts of our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, advances to affiliates, accounts payable and note payable-affiliate approximate their fair values.
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between independent and knowledgeable parties who are willing and able to transact for an asset or liability at the measurement date. We use valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value and then we rank the estimated values based on the reliability of the inputs used following the fair value hierarchy set forth by the FASB. We determined the fair values of our long-term debt, including the current portion, based on quoted market prices where available or, if not available, based on discounted future cash flows using current market interest rates.
The three input levels in the hierarchy of fair value measurements are defined by the FASB generally as follows:
Input Level
 
Description of Input
 
 
 
Level 1
 
Observable inputs such as quoted market prices in active markets.
Level 2
 
Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable.
Level 3
 
Unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists.

The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our long-term debt, excluding capital lease and other obligations, as well as the input levels used to determine the fair values:
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2017
 
As of December 31, 2016
 
Input
Level
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
Liabilities-Long-term debt (excluding capital lease and other obligations)
2
 
$
7,245

 
7,080

 
7,229

 
7,203

v3.8.0.1
Stockholder's Equity
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]  
Stockholder's Equity
Stockholder's Equity
Common Stock
We have one share of common stock (no par value) issued and outstanding, which is owned by QSC.
In addition, in the normal course of business, we transfer assets and liabilities to and from QSC and its affiliates, which are recorded through our equity. It is our policy to record these asset transfers based on carrying values.
Dividends
We declared the following cash dividend to QSC:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Dollars in millions)
Cash dividend declared to QSC
$
1,000

 
1,300

 
1,350

Cash dividend paid to QSC
1,000

 
1,300

 
1,350


The timing of cash payments for declared dividends to QSC is at our discretion in consultation with QSC. We may declare and pay dividends to QSC in excess of our earnings to the extent permitted by applicable law. Our debt covenants do not limit the amount of dividends we can pay to QSC.
On March 31, 2017, we distributed our equity interest valued at $12 million in a limited liability company to QSC. The limited liability company's sole asset was a building that was being utilized by an affiliate.
v3.8.0.1
Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]  
Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)
Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)
 
First
Quarter
 
Second
Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Fourth
Quarter
 
Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating revenues
$
2,162

 
2,133

 
2,141

 
2,114

 
8,550

Operating income
580

 
573

 
560

 
600

 
2,313

Income tax expense (benefit)
174

 
170

 
168

 
(378
)
 
134

Net income
278

 
268

 
265

 
846

 
1,657

 
First
Quarter
 
Second
Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Fourth
Quarter
 
Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating revenues
$
2,253

 
2,223

 
2,226

 
2,208

 
8,910

Operating income
625

 
602

 
576

 
521

 
2,324

Income tax expense
188

 
179

 
159

 
152

 
678

Net income
304

 
288

 
255

 
238

 
1,085


In the fourth quarter of 2017, we recognized a tax benefit of $555 million due to the change in the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%. During the fourth quarter of 2016, we recognized $78 million of severance expenses and other one-time termination benefits associated with workforce reductions.
v3.8.0.1
Commitments and Contingencies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments and Contingencies
Pending Matters
We are vigorously defending against all of the matters described below. As a matter of course, we are prepared to both litigate these matters to judgment, as well as to evaluate and consider all reasonable settlement opportunities. In this Note, when we refer to a class action as "putative" it is because a class has been alleged, but not certified in that matter. We have established accrued liabilities for these matters described below where losses are deemed probable and reasonably estimable.

Switched Access Disputes
Subsidiaries of CenturyLink, Inc., including us, are among hundreds of companies involved in an industry-wide dispute, raised in nearly 100 federal lawsuits (filed between 2014 and 2016) that have been consolidated in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas for pretrial procedures. The disputes relate to switched access charges that local exchange carriers ("LECs") collect from interexchange carriers ("IXCs") for IXCs' use of LEC's access services. In the lawsuits, IXCs, including Sprint Communications Company L.P. and various affiliates of Verizon Communications Inc., assert that federal and state laws bar LECs from collecting access charges when IXCs exchange certain types of calls between mobile and wireline devices that are routed through an IXC. Some of these IXCs have asserted claims seeking refunds of payments for access charges previously paid and relief from future access charges.
In November 2015, the federal court agreed with the LECs and rejected the IXCs' contention that federal law prohibits these particular access charges, and also allowed the IXCs to refile state-law claims. Since then, many of the LECs and IXCs have filed revised pleadings and additional motions, which remain pending. Separately, some of the defendants, including us, have petitioned the FCC to address these issues on an industry-wide basis.
The outcome of these disputes and lawsuits, as well as any related regulatory proceedings that could ensue, are currently not predictable. If we are required to stop assessing these charges or to pay refunds of any such charges, our financial results could be negatively affected.
Billing Practices Suits
In June 2017, a former employee of CenturyLink filed an employment lawsuit against CenturyLink claiming that she was wrongfully terminated for alleging that CenturyLink charged some of its retail customers for products and services they did not authorize. Starting shortly thereafter and continuing since then, and based in part on the allegations made by the former employee, a series of consumer and shareholder putative class actions were filed against CenturyLink, and it received several shareholder derivative demands. In July 2017, the Minnesota Attorney General also filed a civil suit on behalf of the Minnesota consumers alleging that we and certain of our affiliates engaged in improper sales and billing practices. The filing of additional related lawsuits is possible. The consumer putative class actions have been transferred to the U.S. District Court for the District of Minnesota for coordinated and consolidated pretrial proceedings. The shareholder putative class actions have been consolidated into a single action that currently is pending in U.S. District Court for the Western District of Louisiana. In addition, a separate, related class action was filed in U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York purportedly on behalf of persons who purchased certain of CenturyLink's Senior Notes. This class action suit has been transferred to the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Louisiana. Although CenturyLink and/or various of its subsidiaries are named in these lawsuits, Qwest Corporation is currently a named defendant in only the Minnesota Attorney General civil suit. 
In late June 2017, CenturyLink's Board of Directors formed a special committee of outside directors to investigate improper sales and billing practices and related matters. In late 2017, the special committee concluded its review and issued its key findings. Among other things, the committee found that (i) our investment in consumer sales monitoring was insufficient, (ii) our ordering and billing software contributed to customer confusion and (iii) systems and human errors contributed to inaccurate billing. In August 2017, CenturyLink's Board of Directors formed a special litigation committee of outside directors to address the allegations of impropriety contained in the shareholder derivative demands. The investigation of the special litigation committee is ongoing.
Other Proceedings and Disputes
From time to time, we are involved in other proceedings incidental to our business, including patent infringement allegations, administrative hearings of state public utility commissions relating primarily to our rates or services, actions relating to employee claims, various tax issues, environmental law issues, grievance hearings before labor regulatory agencies and miscellaneous third party tort actions.
We are currently defending several patent infringement lawsuits asserted against us by non-practicing entities, many of which are seeking substantial recoveries. These cases have progressed to various stages and one or more may go to trial in the coming 24 months if they are not otherwise resolved. Where applicable, we are seeking full or partial indemnification from our vendors and suppliers. As with all litigation, we are vigorously defending these actions and, as a matter of course, are prepared to litigate these matters to judgment, as well as to evaluate and consider all reasonable settlement opportunities.
We are subject to various federal, state and local environmental protection and health and safety laws. From time to time, we are subject to judicial and administrative proceedings brought by various governmental authorities under these laws. Several such proceedings are currently pending, but none is reasonably expected to exceed $100,000 in fines and penalties.
The outcome of these other proceedings is not predictable. However, based on current circumstances, we do not believe that the ultimate resolution of these other proceedings, after considering available defenses and any insurance coverage or indemnification rights, will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
CenturyLink, Inc. and its affiliates are involved in several legal proceedings to which we are not a party that, if resolved against them, could have a material adverse effect on their business and financial condition. As an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of CenturyLink, Inc., our business and financial condition could be similarly affected. You can find descriptions of these legal proceedings in CenturyLink, Inc.'s quarterly and annual reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Because we are not a party to any of the matters, we have not accrued any liabilities for the matters.
_________________
The ultimate outcome of the above-described matters may differ materially from the outcomes anticipated, estimated, projected or implied by us in certain of our forward-looking statements appearing above in this Note, and proceedings currently viewed as immaterial by us may ultimately materially impact us. For more information, see “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Legal and Regulatory Matters—Our pending legal proceedings could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and operating results, on the trading price of our securities and on our ability to access the capital markets” in Item 1A of Part I of this report.
Capital Leases
We lease certain facilities and equipment under various capital lease arrangements. Depreciation of assets under capital leases is included in depreciation and amortization expense in our consolidated statements of operations. Payments on capital leases are included in repayments of long-term debt, including current maturities in our consolidated statements of cash flows.
The tables below summarize our capital lease activity:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Dollars in millions)
Assets acquired through capital leases
$
19

 
10

 
10

Depreciation expense
9

 
5

 
19

Cash payments towards capital leases
8

 
6

 
20

 
As of December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(Dollars in millions)
Assets included in property, plant and equipment
$
57

 
40

Accumulated depreciation
24

 
22


The future annual minimum payments under capital lease arrangements as of December 31, 2017 were as follows:
 
Future Minimum
Payments
 
(Dollars in millions)
Capital lease obligations:
 
2018
$
14

2019
10

2020
6

2021
2

2022
1

2023 and thereafter
3

Total minimum payments
36

Less: amount representing interest and executory costs
(6
)
Present value of minimum payments
30

Less: current portion
(12
)
Long-term portion
$
18


Operating Leases
We lease various equipment, office facilities, retail outlets, switching facilities and other network sites. These leases, with few exceptions, provide for renewal options and escalations that are either fixed or based on the consumer price index. Any rent abatements, along with rent escalations, are included in the computation of rent expense calculated on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The lease term for most leases includes the initial non-cancelable term plus any term under renewal options that are reasonably assured. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, our gross rental expense was $70 million, $72 million and $75 million, respectively. We also received sublease rental income for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 of $2 million, $4 million and $4 million, respectively.
At December 31, 2017, our future rental commitments for operating leases were as follows:
 
Future Minimum
Payments
 
(Dollars in millions)
Operating leases:
 
2018
$
36

2019
31

2020
24

2021
22

2022
18

2023 and thereafter
46

Total future minimum payments(1)
$
177

_______________________________________________________________________________
(1) 
Minimum payments have not been reduced by minimum sublease rentals of $22 million due in the future under non-cancelable subleases.
Purchase Commitments
We have several commitments primarily for marketing activities and support services from a variety of vendors to be used in the ordinary course of business totaling $59 million at December 31, 2017. Of this amount, we expect to purchase $48 million in 2018 and $11 million in 2019. These amounts do not represent our entire anticipated purchases in the future, but represent only those items for which we were contractually committed as of December 31, 2017.
v3.8.0.1
Other Financial Information
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Additional Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]  
Other Financial Information
Other Financial Information
Other Current Assets
The following table presents details of other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets:
 
As of December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(Dollars in millions)
Prepaid expenses
$
42

 
48

Assets held for sale

 
8

Other
56

 
73

Total other current assets
$
98

 
129


We recorded a loss of $11 million in connection with the impairment of an office building being reclassified as held for sale in 2016. This impairment charge is included in selling, general and administrative expense in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2016. The sale of the office building closed in 2017.
Selected Current Liabilities
Current liabilities reflected in our consolidated balance sheets include accounts payable:
 
As of December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(Dollars in millions)
Accounts payable
$
317

 
398


Included in accounts payable at December 31, 2017 and 2016, were $86 million and $53 million, respectively, associated with capital expenditures.
v3.8.0.1
Labor Union Contracts
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Labor Union Contracts  
Labor Union Contracts
Labor Union Contracts
As of December 31, 2017, approximately 10,000, or 45% of our employees were members of various bargaining units represented by the Communication Workers of America ("CWA") and the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers ("IBEW"). We believe that relations with our employees continue to be generally good. In mid-2017, we reached new agreements with the CWA District 7 and IBEW Local 206, which represented at December 31, 2017 substantially all of the above noted represented employees. The new agreements were effective June 18, 2017 and will expire on March 8, 2020 and include terms substantially similar to those contained in the prior agreements.
v3.8.0.1
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our subsidiaries. Intercompany amounts and transactions with our consolidated subsidiaries have been eliminated. Transactions with our non-consolidated affiliates (referred to herein as affiliates) have not been eliminated.
Reclassifications
We reclassified certain prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation, including the categorization of our revenues for 2016 and 2015. See Note 9—Products and Services Revenues for additional information. These changes had no impact on total operating revenues, total operating expenses or net income for any period presented.
Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. These accounting principles require us to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. We believe that the estimates, judgments and assumptions we make when accounting for specific items and matters, including, but not limited to, long-term contracts, customer retention patterns, allowance for doubtful accounts, depreciation, amortization, asset valuations, rates used for affiliate cost allocations, internal labor capitalization rates, recoverability of assets (including deferred tax assets), impairment assessments, taxes, certain liabilities and other provisions and contingencies, are reasonable, based on information available at the time they are made. Our accounting for CenturyLink's indirect acquisition of us required extensive use of estimates in determining the acquisition date fair values of our assets and liabilities. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can materially affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and components of stockholder's equity as of the dates of the consolidated balance sheets, as well as the reported amounts of revenues, expenses and components of cash flows during the periods presented in our other consolidated financial statements. We also make estimates in our assessments of potential losses in relation to threatened or pending tax and legal matters. See Note 11—Income Taxes and Note 15—Commitments and Contingencies for additional information.
For matters not related to income taxes, if a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, we recognize an expense for the estimated loss. If we have the potential to recover a portion of the estimated loss from a third party, we make a separate assessment of recoverability and reduce the estimated loss if recovery is also deemed probable.
For matters related to income taxes, if we determine that the impact of an uncertain tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority, then we recognize a benefit for the largest amount that is more likely than not to be sustained. No portion of an uncertain tax position will be recognized if the position has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Interest is recognized on the amount of unrecognized benefit from uncertain tax positions.
For all of these and other matters, actual results could differ materially from our estimates.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue for services when the related services are provided. Recognition of certain payments received in advance of services being provided is deferred until the service is provided. These advance payments include activation and installation charges, which we recognize as revenue over the expected customer relationship period, which ranges from three to seven years depending on the service. We also defer costs for customer activations and installations. The deferral of customer activation and installation costs is limited to the amount of revenue deferred on advance payments. Costs in excess of advance payments are recorded as expense in the period such costs are incurred. Expected customer relationship periods are estimated using historical experience. In most cases, termination fees or other fees on existing contracts that are negotiated in conjunction with new contracts are deferred and recognized over the new contract term.
We offer bundle discounts to our customers who receive certain groupings of services. These bundle discounts are recognized concurrently with the associated revenue and are allocated to the various services in the bundled offering based on the estimated selling price of services included in each bundled combination.
Customer arrangements that include both equipment and services are evaluated to determine whether the elements are separable. If the elements are deemed separable and separate earnings processes exist, the revenue associated with the customer arrangement is allocated to each element based on the relative estimated selling price of the separate elements. We have estimated the selling prices of each element by reference to vendor-specific objective evidence of selling prices when the elements are sold separately. The revenue associated with each element is then recognized as earned. For example, if we receive an advance payment when we sell equipment and continuing service together, we immediately recognize as revenue the amount allocated to the equipment as long as all the conditions for revenue recognition have been satisfied. The portion of the advance payment allocated to the service based upon its relative selling price is recognized ratably over the longer of the contractual period or the expected customer relationship period.
In connection with offering products and services provided by third-party vendors, we review the relationship between us, the vendor and the end customer to assess whether revenue should be reported on a gross or net basis. In assessing whether revenue should be reported on a gross or net basis, we consider whether we act as a principal in the transaction, take title to the products, have risk and rewards of ownership or act as an agent or broker.
Affiliate Transactions
Affiliate Transactions
We provide to our affiliates telecommunications services that we also provide to external customers. In addition, we provide to our affiliates computer system development and support services. Services provided by us to our affiliates are recognized as operating revenue-affiliates in our consolidated statements of operations. We also purchase services from our affiliates including telecommunications services, marketing and employee-related support services. Services provided to us from our affiliates are recognized as operating expenses-affiliates on our consolidated statements of operations. Because of the significance of the services we provide to our affiliates and our affiliates provide to us, the results of operations, financial position and cash flows presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations, financial position and cash flows we would have achieved had we operated as a stand-alone entity during the periods presented.
We recognize intercompany charges at the amounts billed to us by our affiliates and we recognize intercompany revenue for services we bill to our affiliates. Regulatory rules require certain revenues and expenses to be recorded at market price or fully distributed cost. Our compliance with regulations is subject to review by regulators. Adjustments to intercompany charges that result from these reviews are recorded in the period they become known.
CenturyLink has cash management arrangements between certain of its subsidiaries that include lines of credit, affiliate obligations, capital contributions and dividends. As part of these cash management arrangements, an affiliate provides lines of credit to certain other affiliates. Amounts outstanding under these lines of credit and intercompany obligations vary from time to time. Under these arrangements, the majority of our cash balance is transferred on a daily basis to CenturyLink and most affiliate transactions are deemed to be settled at the time the transactions are recorded in our accounting records, with the resulting net balance at the end of each period reflected as advances to affiliates on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. From time to time we declare and pay dividends to our parent, QSC, which are settled through the advances to affiliates, which has the net effect of reducing the amount of these advances. Dividends declared are reflected on our consolidated statements of stockholder's equity and the consolidated statements of cash flows reflects the changes in advances to affiliates as investing activities and changes in advances from affiliates as financing activities. Interest is assessed on the advances to/from affiliates on either the three-month U.S T-bill rate (for advances to affiliates) or CenturyLink’s weighted average borrowing rate (for advances from affiliates).
The affiliate obligations, net in current and noncurrent liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets primarily represents the cumulative allocation of expense, net of payments, associated with QCII’s pension plans and post-retirement benefits plans prior to the plan mergers. In 2015, we agreed to a plan to settle the outstanding affiliate obligations, net balance with QCII over a 30 year term. Under the plan, payments are scheduled to be made on a monthly basis. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we made settlement payments of $87 million and $97 million, respectively, to QCII in accordance with plan. Changes in the affiliate obligations, net are reflected in operating activities on our consolidated statements of cash flows.
In the normal course of business, we transfer assets to and from various affiliates through our parent, QSC, which are recorded through our equity. It is our policy to record asset transfers based on carrying values.
USF, Gross Receipts Taxes and Other Surcharges
USF Surcharges, Gross Receipts Taxes and Other Surcharges
In determining whether to include in our revenues and expenses the taxes and surcharges collected from customers and remitted to government authorities, including USF surcharges, sales, use, value added and some excise taxes, we assess, among other things, whether we are the primary obligor or principal taxpayer for the taxes assessed in each jurisdiction where we do business. In jurisdictions where we determine that we are the principal taxpayer, we record the surcharges on a gross basis and include them in our revenues and costs of services and products. In jurisdictions where we determine that we are merely a collection agent for the government authority, we record the taxes on a net basis and do not include them in our revenues and costs of services and products.
Advertising Costs
Advertising Costs
Costs related to advertising are expensed as incurred and included in selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. Our advertising expense was $139 million, $91 million and $84 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Legal Costs
Legal Costs
In the normal course of our business, we incur costs to hire and retain external legal counsel to advise us on regulatory, litigation and other matters. We expense these costs as the related services are received.
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
Our results are included in the CenturyLink consolidated federal income tax return and certain combined state income tax returns. CenturyLink allocates income tax expense to us based upon a separate return allocation method which results in income tax expense that approximates the expense that would result if we were a stand-alone entity. Our reported deferred tax assets and liabilities, as discussed below and in Note 11—Income Taxes, are primarily determined as a result of the application of the separate return allocation method and therefore the settlement of these amounts is dependent upon our parent, CenturyLink, rather than tax authorities. Our current expectation is that the vast majority of deferred tax assets and liabilities will be settled through our general intercompany obligation based upon the current CenturyLink policy. CenturyLink has the right to change their policy regarding settlement of these assets and liabilities at any time.
The provision for income taxes consists of an amount for taxes currently payable, an amount for tax consequences deferred to future periods and adjustments to our liabilities for uncertain tax positions. We record deferred income tax assets and liabilities reflecting future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying value of assets and liabilities and the tax bases of those assets and liabilities. Deferred taxes are computed using enacted tax rates expected to apply in the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rate is recognized in earnings in the period that includes the enactment date.
We establish valuation allowances when necessary to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amounts that we believe are more likely than not to be recovered. Each quarter we evaluate the need to retain all or a portion of the valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets. See Note 11—Income Taxes for additional information.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into cash and are not subject to significant risk from fluctuations in interest rates. As a result, the value at which cash and cash equivalents are reported in our consolidated financial statements approximates their fair value. Our cash collections are transferred to CenturyLink on a daily basis and our ultimate parent funds our cash disbursement needs. The net cash transferred to CenturyLink has been reflected as advances to affiliates in our consolidated balance sheets.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Accounts receivable are recognized based upon the amount due from customers for the services provided or at cost for purchased and other receivables less an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts receivable reflects our best estimate of probable losses inherent in our receivable portfolio determined on the basis of historical experience, specific allowances for known troubled accounts and other currently available evidence. We generally consider our accounts past due if they are outstanding over 30 days. Our collection process varies by the customer segment, amount of the receivable, and our evaluation of the customer's credit risk. Our past due accounts are written off against our allowance for doubtful accounts when collection is considered to be not probable. Any recoveries of accounts previously written off are generally recognized as a reduction in bad debt expense in the period received. The carrying value of accounts receivable, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts, approximates fair value.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment
As a result of our indirect acquisition by CenturyLink, property, plant and equipment acquired at the time of acquisition was recorded based on its estimated fair value as of the acquisition date. Subsequently purchased and constructed property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Property, plant and equipment is depreciated primarily using the straight-line group method. Under the straight-line group method, assets dedicated to providing telecommunications services (which comprise the majority of our property, plant and equipment) that have similar physical characteristics, use and expected useful lives are pooled for purposes of depreciation and tracking. The equal life group procedure is used to establish each pool's average remaining useful life. Generally, under the straight-line group method, when an asset is sold or retired in the course of normal business activities, the cost is deducted from property, plant and equipment and charged to accumulated depreciation without recognition of a gain or loss. A gain or loss is recognized in our consolidated statements of operations only if a disposal is unusual. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the useful lives of the assets or the expected lease term. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Interest is capitalized during the construction phase of network and other internal-use capital projects. Employee-related costs for construction of network and other internal use assets are also capitalized during the construction phase. Property, plant and equipment supplies used internally are carried at average cost, except for significant individual items for which cost is based on specific identification.
We perform annual internal reviews to evaluate the reasonableness of the depreciable lives for our property, plant and equipment. Our reviews utilize models that take into account actual usage, physical wear and tear, replacement history, assumptions about technology evolution and, in certain instances, actuarially determined probabilities to estimate the remaining useful life of our asset base. Our remaining useful life assessments anticipate the loss in service value of assets that may precede the physical retirement. Assets shared among many customers may lose service value as those customers leave the network. However, the asset is not retired until all customers no longer utilize the asset and we determine there is no alternative use for the asset.
We review long-lived tangible assets for impairment whenever facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be recoverable. For assessment purposes, long-lived assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities, absent a material change in operations. An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying amount of the asset group is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. Recoverability of the asset group to be held and used is assessed by comparing the carrying amount of the asset group to the estimated undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group. If the asset group's carrying value is not recoverable, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value. We determine fair values by using a combination of comparable market values and discounted cash flows, as appropriate.
Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets
Intangible assets arising from business combinations, such as goodwill, customer relationships and capitalized software are initially recorded at estimated fair value. We amortize customer relationships primarily over an estimated life of ten years, using either the sum-of-the-years-digits or the straight-line methods, depending on the type of customer. We amortize capitalized software using the straight-line method over estimated lives ranging up to seven years. Other intangible assets not arising from business combinations are initially recorded at cost.
Internally used software, whether purchased or developed by us, is capitalized and amortized using the straight-line method over its estimated useful life. We have capitalized certain costs associated with software such as costs of employees devoting time to the projects and external direct costs for materials and services. Costs associated with software to be used for internal purposes are expensed until the point at which the project has reached the development stage. Subsequent additions, modifications or upgrades to internal-use software are capitalized only to the extent that they allow the software to perform a task it previously did not perform. Software maintenance, data conversion and training costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. We review the remaining economic lives of our capitalized software annually. Capitalized software is included in other intangible assets, net, in our consolidated balance sheets.
We are required to assess goodwill for impairment at least annually, or more frequently, if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate an impairment may have occurred. We are required to write-down the value of goodwill in periods in which the recorded amount of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of goodwill. The impairment assessment is performed annually at the reporting unit level. We have determined that our operations consist of one reporting unit, consistent with our determination that our business consists of one operating segment. See Note 2—Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets for additional information.
Pension and Post-Retirement Benefits
Pension and Post-Retirement Benefits
A substantial portion of our active and retired employees participate in the CenturyLink Combined Pension Plan. On December 31, 2014, the QCII pension plan and a pension plan of an affiliate were merged into the CenturyLink Retirement Plan. The CenturyLink Retirement Plan was renamed the CenturyLink Combined Pension Plan. Prior to the pension plan merger, the above-noted employees participated in the QCII pension plan. In addition, certain of our employees participate in CenturyLink's post-retirement health care and life insurance benefit plans. CenturyLink allocates service costs relating to pension and post-retirement health care and life insurance benefits to us and its other affiliates. The amounts contributed by us through CenturyLink are not segregated or restricted to pay amounts due to our employees and may be used to provide benefits to other employees of CenturyLink. The allocation of the service costs to us is based upon our employees who are currently earning benefits under the plans.
For further information on qualified pension, post-retirement and other post-employment benefit plans, see CenturyLink's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Goodwill Impairment
On January 26, 2017, The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") ASU 2017-04, “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” (“ASU 2017-04”). ASU 2017-04 simplifies the impairment testing for goodwill by changing the measurement for goodwill impairment. Under current rules, we are required to compute the implied fair value of goodwill to measure the impairment amount if the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value. Under ASU 2017-04, the goodwill impairment charge will equal the excess of the reporting unit carrying value above fair value, limited to the amount of goodwill assigned to the reporting unit.
We are required to adopt the provisions of ASU 2017-04 for any goodwill impairment tests, including our required annual test, occurring after January 1, 2020, but have the option to early adopt for any impairment test that we are required to perform. We have not determined if we will elect to early adopt the provisions of ASU 2017-04. The provisions of ASU 2017-04 would not have affected our last goodwill impairment assessment, but no assurance can be provided that the simplified testing methodology will not affect our goodwill impairment assessment in the future.
Income Taxes
On October 24, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, “Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory” ("ASU 2016-16"). ASU 2016-16 eliminates the current prohibition on the recognition of the income tax effects on the transfer of assets among our subsidiaries. After adoption of this ASU, the income tax effects associated with these asset transfers, except for the transfer of inventory, will be recognized in the period the asset is transferred versus the current deferral and recognition upon either the sale of the asset to a third party or over the remaining useful life of the asset.
We plan to adopt the provisions of ASU 2016-16 on January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-16 is not expected to have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements.
Financial Instruments
On June 16, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). The primary impact of ASU 2016-13 for us is a change in the model for the recognition of credit losses related to our financial instruments from an incurred loss model, which recognized credit losses only if it was probable that a loss had been incurred, to an expected loss model, which requires our management team to estimate the total credit losses expected on the portfolio of financial instruments. We are currently reviewing the requirements of the standard and evaluating the impact on our consolidated financial statements.    
We are required to adopt the provisions of ASU 2016-13 effective January 1, 2020, but could elect to early adopt the provisions as of January 1, 2019. We expect to recognize the impacts of adopting ASU 2016-13 through a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings as of the date of adoption. As of the date of this report, we have not yet determined the date we will adopt ASU 2016-13.
Leases
On February 25, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (“ASU 2016-02”). The core principle of ASU 2016-02 will require lessees to present right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on their balance sheets for operating leases, which are currently not reflected on their balance sheets.
ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning January 1, 2019. Early adoption of ASU 2016-02 is permitted. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-02, we are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented in our consolidated financial statements using a modified retrospective approach. The modified retrospective approach includes a number of optional practical expedients that we may elect to apply.
We have completed our initial assessment of our business and system requirements and we are currently developing and implementing a new lease accounting and administrative system to comply with the requirements of ASU 2016-02. We plan to adopt the standard when it becomes effective for us beginning January 1, 2019 and the adoption of the standard will result in the recognition of right of use assets and lease liabilities that have not previously been recorded. Although we believe it is premature as of the date of this report to provide any estimate of the impact of adopting ASU 2016-02, we do expect that it will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
On May 28, 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 replaces virtually all existing generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) on revenue recognition and replaces them with a principles-based approach for determining revenue recognition using a new five step model. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 also includes new accounting principles related to the deferral and amortization of contract acquisition and fulfillment costs.
On July 9, 2015, the FASB approved the deferral of the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year until January 1, 2018, which is the date we plan to adopt this standard. ASU 2014-09 may be adopted by applying the provisions of this standard on a retrospective basis to the periods included in the financial statements or on a modified retrospective basis which would result in the recognition of a cumulative effect of adopting ASU 2014-09 in the first quarter of 2018. We plan to adopt the new revenue recognition standard under the modified retrospective transition method.
The most significant judgments and impacts upon adoption of the standard include the following items:
Upon adoption, we will defer (i.e. capitalize) incremental contract acquisition costs and recognize (i.e. amortize) them over the term of the initial contract and anticipated renewal contracts to which the costs relate. Our deferred contract costs for our business and consumer customers have average amortization periods of approximately 49 months and 30 months, respectively, and are subject to being monitored every period to reflect any significant change in assumptions. In addition, we will assess our deferred contract cost asset for impairment on a periodic basis.
Promotional bill credits, discounts and prepaid cards offered to customers as part of renewing services or entering into a new services arrangement that are paid over time and are contingent on the customer maintaining a service contract results in an extended service contract term with multiple performance obligations, which impacts the allocation and timing of revenue recognition between service revenue and revenue assigned to the customer credits. A contract asset will be recorded when services are delivered to the customer, and subsequently recognized as a reduction to service revenue over the extended contract term.
We are in the process of implementing a new revenue accounting system, as well as, new processes and internal controls over revenue recognition to assist us in the application of the new standard.
The cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard on January 1, 2018 is estimated to be an increase to retained earnings of approximately $150 million to $300 million.
v3.8.0.1
Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of goodwill, customer relationships and other intangible assets
Goodwill, customer relationships and other intangible assets consisted of the following:
 
As of December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(Dollars in millions)
Goodwill
$
9,360

 
9,354

Customer relationships, less accumulated amortization of $4,337 and $3,822
$
1,362

 
1,877

Other intangible assets subject to amortization:
 
 
 
Capitalized software, less accumulated amortization of $1,619 and $1,510
$
379

 
471

Summary of amortization expense
Total amortization expense for intangible assets was as follows:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Dollars in millions)
Amortization expense for intangible assets
$
671

 
767

 
871

Schedule of estimated amortization expense for intangible assets
We estimate that total amortization expense for intangible assets for the years ending December 31, 2018 through 2022 will be as follows:
 
(Dollars in millions)
Year ending December 31,
 
2018
$
583

2019
513

2020
446

2021
136

2022
32

v3.8.0.1
Long-Term Debt and Revolving Promissory Note (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of long-term debt, including unamortized discounts and premiums
Long-term debt, including unamortized premiums and discounts, unamortized debt issuance costs and note payable-affiliate, were as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31,
 
Interest Rates
 
Maturities
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
Senior notes
6.125% - 7.750%
 
2021 - 2057
 
$
7,294

 
7,259

Term loan
3.570%
 
2025
 
100

 
100

Capital lease and other obligations
Various
 
Various
 
36

 
32

Unamortized premiums, net
 
 
 
 
1

 
4

Unamortized debt issuance costs
 
 
 
 
(150
)
 
(134
)
Total long-term debt
 
 
 
 
7,281

 
7,261

Less current maturities
 
 
 
 
(17
)
 
(514
)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities
 
 
 
 
$
7,264

 
6,747

Note payable-affiliate
6.710%
 
2022
 
$
965

 
914

Schedule of aggregate maturities of the entity's long-term debt (excluding unamortized premiums, discounts, and other)
Set forth below is the aggregate principal amount of our long-term debt (excluding unamortized premiums and discounts and unamortized debt issuance costs and other and excluding note payable-affiliate) maturing during the following years:
 
(Dollars in millions)(1)
2018
$
17

2019
10

2020
5

2021
951

2022
1

2023 and thereafter
6,446

Total long-term debt
$
7,430

_______________________________________________________________________________
(1) Actual principal paid in any year may differ due to the possible future refinancing of outstanding debt or the issuance of new debt.
Schedule of amount of gross interest expense, net of capitalized interest and interest expense (income)-affiliates
Interest expense includes interest on total long-term debt. The following table presents the amount of gross interest expense, net of capitalized interest and interest expense-affiliates, net:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Dollars in millions)
Interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
Gross interest expense
$
497

 
497

 
491

Capitalized interest
(32
)
 
(19
)
 
(18
)
Total interest expense
$
465

 
478

 
473

Interest expense-affiliates, net
$
63

 
59

 
53

v3.8.0.1
Accounts Receivable (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Receivables [Abstract]  
Schedule of the entity's accounts receivable balances
The following table presents details of our accounts receivable balances:
 
As of December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(Dollars in millions)
Trade and purchased receivables
$
591

 
634

Earned and unbilled receivables
99

 
115

Other
3

 
4

Total accounts receivable
693

 
753

Less: allowance for doubtful accounts
(47
)
 
(53
)
Accounts receivable, less allowance
$
646

 
700

Schedule of the entity's allowance for doubtful accounts
The following table presents details of our allowance for doubtful accounts:
 
Beginning
Balance
 
Additions
 
Deductions
 
Ending
Balance
 
(Dollars in millions)
2017
$
53

 
74

 
(80
)
 
47

2016
$
47

 
80

 
(74
)
 
53

2015
$
38

 
78

 
(69
)
 
47

v3.8.0.1
Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Schedule of net property, plant and equipment
Net property, plant and equipment is composed of the following:
 
Depreciable
Lives
 
As of December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
Property, plant and equipment:
 
 
 
 
 
Land
N/A
 
$
333

 
348

Fiber, conduit and other outside plant(1)
15-45 years
 
6,639

 
5,980

Central office and other network electronics(2)
4-10 years
 
4,250

 
3,855

Support assets(3)
5-30 years
 
2,620

 
2,633

Construction in progress(4)
N/A
 
474

 
431

Gross property, plant and equipment
 
 
14,316

 
13,247

Accumulated depreciation
 
 
(6,392
)
 
(5,602
)
Net property, plant and equipment
 
 
$
7,924

 
7,645

_______________________________________________________________________________
(1) 
Fiber, conduit and other outside plant consists of fiber and metallic cable, conduit, poles and other supporting structures.
(2) 
Central office and other network electronics consists of circuit and packet switches, routers, transmission electronics and electronics providing service to customers.
(3) 
Support assets consist of buildings, computers and other administrative and support equipment.
(4) 
Construction in progress includes inventory held for construction and property of the aforementioned categories that has not been placed in service as it is still under construction.
v3.8.0.1
Severance (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Schedule of changes in accrued liability for severance expenses
Changes in our accrued liability for severance expenses were as follows:
 
Severance
 
(Dollars in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2015
$
6

Accrued to expense
89

Payments, net
(43
)
Balance at December 31, 2016
52

Accrued to expense
14

Payments, net
(58
)
Balance at December 31, 2017
$
8

v3.8.0.1
Products and Services Revenues (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Schedule of operating revenues by products and services
Our operating revenues for our products and services consisted of the following categories for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Dollars in millions)
Strategic services
$
2,686

 
2,696

 
2,617

Legacy services
2,831

 
3,216

 
3,593

Affiliates and other services
3,033

 
2,998

 
2,754

Total operating revenues
$
8,550

 
8,910

 
8,964

v3.8.0.1
Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of components of the income tax expense from continuing operations
The components of the income tax expense from continuing operations are as follows:

Years Ended December 31,

2017
 
2016
 
2015

(Dollars in millions)
Income tax expense:





Current:





Federal and foreign
$
777


686

 
734

State and local
130


115

 
114

Total current
907


801


848

Deferred:





Federal and foreign
(736
)

(103
)
 
(170
)
State and local
(37
)

(20
)
 
(19
)
Total deferred
(773
)

(123
)

(189
)
Income tax expense
$
134


678


659

Schedule of effective income tax rate for continuing operations that differs from the statutory tax rate
The effective income tax rate for continuing operations differs from the statutory tax rate as follows:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in percent)
Effective income tax rate:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal statutory income tax rate
35.0
 %
 
35.0
%
 
35.0
 %
State income taxes-net of federal effect
3.4
 %
 
3.5
%
 
3.6
 %
Tax reform
(31.0
)%
 
%
 
 %
Other
0.1
 %
 
%
 
(0.6
)%
Effective income tax rate
7.5
 %
 
38.5
%
 
38.0
 %
Schedule of components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities
The tax effects of temporary differences that gave rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities were as follows:
 
As of December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(Dollars in millions)
Deferred tax assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment
$
(933
)
 
(1,384
)
Intangibles assets
(553
)
 
(1,088
)
Receivable from an affiliate due to pension plan participation

 
(452
)
Total deferred tax liabilities
(1,486
)
 
(2,924
)
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Payable to affiliate due to post-retirement benefit plan participation
366

 
954

Other
127

 
209

Gross deferred tax assets
493

 
1,163

Less valuation allowance on deferred tax assets
(8
)
 
(12
)
Net deferred tax assets
485

 
1,151

Net deferred tax liabilities
$
(1,001
)
 
(1,773
)
v3.8.0.1
Fair Value Disclosure (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Schedule of the three input levels in the hierarchy of fair value measurements
The three input levels in the hierarchy of fair value measurements are defined by the FASB generally as follows:
Input Level
 
Description of Input
 
 
 
Level 1
 
Observable inputs such as quoted market prices in active markets.
Level 2
 
Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable.
Level 3
 
Unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists.
Schedule of carrying amounts and estimated fair values of long-term debt, excluding capital lease obligations, and input levels to determine fair values
The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our long-term debt, excluding capital lease and other obligations, as well as the input levels used to determine the fair values:
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2017
 
As of December 31, 2016
 
Input
Level
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
Liabilities-Long-term debt (excluding capital lease and other obligations)
2
 
$
7,245

 
7,080

 
7,229

 
7,203

v3.8.0.1
Stockholder's Equity (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]  
Schedule of cash dividends declared
We declared the following cash dividend to QSC:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Dollars in millions)
Cash dividend declared to QSC
$
1,000

 
1,300

 
1,350

Cash dividend paid to QSC
1,000

 
1,300

 
1,350


v3.8.0.1
Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of quarterly financial information
 
First
Quarter
 
Second
Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Fourth
Quarter
 
Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating revenues
$
2,162

 
2,133

 
2,141

 
2,114

 
8,550

Operating income
580

 
573

 
560

 
600

 
2,313

Income tax expense (benefit)
174

 
170

 
168

 
(378
)
 
134

Net income
278

 
268

 
265

 
846

 
1,657

 
First
Quarter
 
Second
Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Fourth
Quarter
 
Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating revenues
$
2,253

 
2,223

 
2,226

 
2,208

 
8,910

Operating income
625

 
602

 
576

 
521

 
2,324

Income tax expense
188

 
179

 
159

 
152

 
678

Net income
304

 
288

 
255

 
238

 
1,085

v3.8.0.1
Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Summary of the entity's capital lease activity
The tables below summarize our capital lease activity:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Dollars in millions)
Assets acquired through capital leases
$
19

 
10

 
10

Depreciation expense
9

 
5

 
19

Cash payments towards capital leases
8

 
6

 
20

 
As of December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(Dollars in millions)
Assets included in property, plant and equipment
$
57

 
40

Accumulated depreciation
24

 
22

Schedule of future annual minimum payments under capital lease
The future annual minimum payments under capital lease arrangements as of December 31, 2017 were as follows:
 
Future Minimum
Payments
 
(Dollars in millions)
Capital lease obligations:
 
2018
$
14

2019
10

2020
6

2021
2

2022
1

2023 and thereafter
3

Total minimum payments
36

Less: amount representing interest and executory costs
(6
)
Present value of minimum payments
30

Less: current portion
(12
)
Long-term portion
$
18

Schedule of future minimum payments under operating leases
At December 31, 2017, our future rental commitments for operating leases were as follows:
 
Future Minimum
Payments
 
(Dollars in millions)
Operating leases:
 
2018
$
36

2019
31

2020
24

2021
22

2022
18

2023 and thereafter
46

Total future minimum payments(1)
$
177

_______________________________________________________________________________
(1) 
Minimum payments have not been reduced by minimum sublease rentals of $22 million due in the future under non-cancelable subleases.
v3.8.0.1
Other Financial Information (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Additional Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of other current assets
The following table presents details of other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets:
 
As of December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(Dollars in millions)
Prepaid expenses
$
42

 
48

Assets held for sale

 
8

Other
56

 
73

Total other current assets
$
98

 
129

Schedule of accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Current liabilities reflected in our consolidated balance sheets include accounts payable:
 
As of December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(Dollars in millions)
Accounts payable
$
317

 
398

v3.8.0.1
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Jan. 01, 2018
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2017
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
USD ($)
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]        
Number of states in which entity operates   14    
Advertising Costs        
Advertising expense   $ 139 $ 91 $ 84
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts        
Threshold for determining accounts receivable as past due, days outstanding   30 days    
Activation and installation charges | Minimum        
Revenue Recognition        
Customer relationship period for revenue recognition   3 years    
Activation and installation charges | Maximum        
Revenue Recognition        
Customer relationship period for revenue recognition   7 years    
Qwest Communications International, Inc.        
Affiliate Transactions        
Description of related party transaction       In 2015, we agreed to a plan to settle the outstanding affiliate obligations, net balance with QCII over a 30 year term. Under the plan, payments are scheduled to be made on a monthly basis.
Pension, Supplemental and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans | Qwest Communications International, Inc.        
Affiliate Transactions        
Description of related party transaction       In 2015, we agreed to a plan to settle the outstanding pension and post-retirement affiliate obligations, net balance with QCII over a 30 year term. Under the plan, payments are scheduled to be made on a monthly basis.
Repayments on affiliate obligation   $ 87 $ 97  
Forecast | Minimum | Accounting Standards Update 2014-09        
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]        
Cumulative effect on retained earnings, before tax $ 150      
Forecast | Maximum | Accounting Standards Update 2014-09        
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]        
Cumulative effect on retained earnings, before tax $ 300      
v3.8.0.1
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 2)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2017
segment
Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets    
Number of reporting units 1 1
Number of operating segments   1
Customer relationships    
Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets    
Finite-lived intangible assets, maximum useful life   10 years
Capitalized software    
Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets    
Finite-lived intangible assets, maximum useful life   7 years
v3.8.0.1
Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets (Details)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2017
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
USD ($)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]        
Goodwill   $ 9,360 $ 9,354  
Gross carrying amounts of goodwill, customer relationships and other intangible assets   17,057    
Amortization expense for intangible assets   $ 671 767 $ 871
Number of reporting units 1 1    
Estimated amortization expense for intangible assets        
2018   $ 583    
2019   513    
2020   446    
2021   136    
2022   32    
Customer relationships        
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]        
Finite-lived intangible assets, net   1,362 1,877  
Accumulated amortization   4,337 3,822  
Capitalized software        
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]        
Finite-lived intangible assets, net   379 471  
Accumulated amortization   $ 1,619 $ 1,510  
v3.8.0.1
Long-Term Debt and Revolving Promissory Note (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Apr. 18, 2012
Long-term debt      
Long-term debt, gross $ 7,430    
Capital lease and other obligations 36 $ 32  
Unamortized premiums, net 1 4  
Unamortized debt issuance costs (150) (134)  
Total long-term debt 7,281 7,261  
Less current maturities (17) (514)  
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities 7,264 6,747  
Revolving promissory note      
Note payable - affiliate 965 914  
Qwest Corporation | Senior notes      
Long-term debt      
Long-term debt, gross $ 7,294 7,259  
Qwest Corporation | Senior notes | Minimum      
Long-term debt      
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent) 6.125%    
Qwest Corporation | Senior notes | Maximum      
Long-term debt      
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent) 7.75%    
Qwest Corporation | Term loan      
Long-term debt      
Long-term debt, gross $ 100 100  
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent) 3.57%    
Qwest Corporation | Revolving promissory note | CenturyLink, Inc. affiliate      
Revolving promissory note      
Short-term debt, weighted average interest rate (as a percent) 6.71%    
Note payable - affiliate $ 965 $ 914  
Maximum borrowing capacity, note payable-affiliate     $ 1,000
Accrued interest payable. note payable-affiliate $ 16    
v3.8.0.1
Long-Term Debt and Revolving Promissory Note (Details 2)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
May 05, 2017
USD ($)
Apr. 28, 2017
USD ($)
Sep. 15, 2016
USD ($)
Aug. 29, 2016
USD ($)
Aug. 22, 2016
USD ($)
Jan. 29, 2016
USD ($)
Feb. 20, 2015
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2017
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2017
USD ($)
May 08, 2017
USD ($)
May 04, 2017
USD ($)
May 02, 2016
USD ($)
Debt instruments                            
Net loss on early retirement of debt               $ 5 $ 27 $ 0        
Long-term debt, gross               7,430            
Amount of gross interest expense, net of capitalized interest and interest expense - affiliates                            
Gross interest expense               497 497 491        
Capitalized interest               (32) (19) (18)        
Total interest expense               465 478 473        
Interest expense-affiliates, net               63 59 $ 53        
Qwest Corporation | Senior notes                            
Debt instruments                            
Long-term debt, gross               $ 7,294 7,259          
Qwest Corporation | Senior notes | Minimum                            
Debt instruments                            
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)               6.125%            
Qwest Corporation | Senior notes | Maximum                            
Debt instruments                            
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)               7.75%            
Qwest Corporation | Term loan                            
Debt instruments                            
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)               3.57%            
Long-term debt, gross               $ 100 100          
Qwest Corporation | 6.75% Notes due 2057 | Senior notes                            
Debt instruments                            
Face amount of debt instrument $ 85 $ 575                        
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)   6.75%                        
Net proceeds from issuance of debt $ 638                          
Qwest Corporation | 6.75% Notes due 2057 | Senior notes | Debt instrument, redemption period one                            
Debt instruments                            
Debt instrument redemption description   redeemed by Qwest Corporation, in whole or in part, on or after June 15, 2022, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount                        
Qwest Corporation | 6.5% Notes due 2056 | Senior notes                            
Debt instruments                            
Face amount of debt instrument         $ 978                  
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)         6.50%                  
Debt instrument face amount over-allotment         $ 128                  
Net proceeds from issuance of debt         $ 946                  
Qwest Corporation | 6.5% Notes due 2056 | Senior notes | Debt instrument, redemption period one                            
Debt instruments                            
Debt instrument redemption description         on or after September 1, 2021, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount redeemed                  
Qwest Corporation | 7.00% Notes due 2056 | Senior notes                            
Debt instruments                            
Face amount of debt instrument           $ 235                
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)           7.00%                
Net proceeds from issuance of debt           $ 227                
Qwest Corporation | 7.00% Notes due 2056 | Senior notes | Debt instrument, redemption period one                            
Debt instruments                            
Debt instrument redemption description           on or after February 1, 2021, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount redeemed                
Qwest Corporation | 7.5% Notes due 2051 | Senior notes                            
Debt instruments                            
Face amount of debt instrument                       $ 288    
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)     7.50%                 7.50%    
Repurchased face amount of Senior notes     $ 287                 $ 125    
Net loss on early retirement of debt     $ 9                      
Qwest Corporation | 6.5% Notes due 2017 | Senior notes                            
Debt instruments                            
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)                         6.50%  
Repurchased face amount of Senior notes                         $ 500  
Qwest Corporation | 7.375% Notes due 2051 | Senior notes                            
Debt instruments                            
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)       7.375%                    
Repurchased face amount of Senior notes       $ 661                    
Net loss on early retirement of debt       $ 18                    
Qwest Corporation | 8.375% Notes due 2016 | Senior notes                            
Debt instruments                            
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)                           8.375%
Repurchased face amount of Senior notes                           $ 235
Qwest Corporation | Term Loan | Term loan                            
Debt instruments                            
Face amount of debt instrument             $ 100              
Long-term debt, gross               $ 100 $ 100          
Term Loan covenant Debt to EBITDA Ratio               2.85            
Qwest Corporation | Term Loan | Term loan | Minimum | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)                            
Debt instruments                            
Interest rate margin (as a percent)             1.50%              
Qwest Corporation | Term Loan | Term loan | Minimum | Base Rate                            
Debt instruments                            
Interest rate margin (as a percent)             0.50%              
Qwest Corporation | Term Loan | Term loan | Maximum | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)                            
Debt instruments                            
Interest rate margin (as a percent)             2.50%              
Qwest Corporation | Term Loan | Term loan | Maximum | Base Rate                            
Debt instruments                            
Interest rate margin (as a percent)             1.50%              
CenturyLink, Inc. affiliate | Qwest Corporation | Revolving promissory note                            
Debt instruments                            
Face amount of debt instrument                     $ 965      
v3.8.0.1
Long-Term Debt and Revolving Promissory Note (Details 3)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2017
USD ($)
Maturities of long-term debt (excluding unamortized premiums and discounts and unamortized debt issuance costs and other and excluding note payable-affiliate)  
2018 $ 17
2019 10
2020 5
2021 951
2022 1
2023 and thereafter 6,446
Total long-term debt $ 7,430
v3.8.0.1
Accounts Receivable (Details) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Accounts receivable          
Other       $ 3,000,000 $ 4,000,000
Total accounts receivable, gross, current       693,000,000 753,000,000
Accounts receivable, allowance (in dollars) $ (53,000,000) $ (47,000,000) $ (38,000,000) (47,000,000) (53,000,000)
Accounts receivable, less allowance       646,000,000 700,000,000
Customer receivable in excess of 10% of accounts receivable       0  
Changes in allowance for doubtful accounts          
Beginning balance 53,000,000 47,000,000 38,000,000    
Provision for uncollectible accounts 74,000,000 80,000,000 78,000,000    
Deductions (80,000,000) (74,000,000) (69,000,000)    
Ending balance $ 47,000,000 $ 53,000,000 $ 47,000,000    
Earned and unbilled receivables          
Accounts receivable          
Total accounts receivable, gross, current       99,000,000 115,000,000
Trade and purchased receivables          
Accounts receivable          
Total accounts receivable, gross, current       $ 591,000,000 $ 634,000,000
v3.8.0.1
Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Property, plant and equipment      
Gross property, plant and equipment $ 14,316 $ 13,247  
Accumulated depreciation (6,392) (5,602)  
Net property, plant and equipment 7,924 7,645  
Depreciation expense 912 924 $ 986
Land      
Property, plant and equipment      
Gross property, plant and equipment 333 348  
Fiber, conduit and other outside plant(1)      
Property, plant and equipment      
Gross property, plant and equipment $ 6,639 5,980  
Fiber, conduit and other outside plant(1) | Minimum      
Property, plant and equipment      
Depreciable lives 15 years    
Fiber, conduit and other outside plant(1) | Maximum      
Property, plant and equipment      
Depreciable lives 45 years    
Central office and other network electronics(2)      
Property, plant and equipment      
Gross property, plant and equipment $ 4,250 3,855  
Central office and other network electronics(2) | Minimum      
Property, plant and equipment      
Depreciable lives 4 years    
Central office and other network electronics(2) | Maximum      
Property, plant and equipment      
Depreciable lives 10 years    
Support assets(3)      
Property, plant and equipment      
Gross property, plant and equipment $ 2,620 2,633  
Support assets(3) | Minimum      
Property, plant and equipment      
Depreciable lives 5 years    
Support assets(3) | Maximum      
Property, plant and equipment      
Depreciable lives 30 years    
Construction in progress(4)      
Property, plant and equipment      
Gross property, plant and equipment $ 474 $ 431  
v3.8.0.1
Severance (Details) - Employee severance - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Restructuring reserve    
Balance at the beginning of the period $ 52 $ 6
Accrued to expense 14 89
Payments, net (58) (43)
Balance at the end of the period $ 8 $ 52
v3.8.0.1
Employee Benefits (Details)
1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2018
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2017
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
USD ($)
Employee Benefits          
Collective bargaining agreements term 3 years        
Collective bargaining arrangement, number of participating unionized employees     10,000    
Collective bargaining arrangement, number of participating active employees and retirees     10,000    
Qwest Communications International, Inc.          
Employee Benefits          
Description of related party transaction         In 2015, we agreed to a plan to settle the outstanding affiliate obligations, net balance with QCII over a 30 year term. Under the plan, payments are scheduled to be made on a monthly basis.
CenturyLink, Inc.          
Employee Benefits          
Allocated expenses by parent entities (as a percent)     70.00% 70.00% 69.00%
Pension Plan          
Employee Benefits          
Defined benefit plan, service cost     $ 44,000,000 $ 45,000,000 $ 57,000,000
Pension Plan | CenturyLink, Inc.          
Employee Benefits          
Employer contributions to benefit plan     100,000,000 100,000,000  
Unfunded status     (2,004,000,000) (2,352,000,000)  
Post-Retirement Benefit Plan          
Employee Benefits          
Defined benefit plan, service cost     12,000,000 14,000,000 $ 17,000,000
Post-Retirement Benefit Plan | CenturyLink, Inc.          
Employee Benefits          
Employer contributions to benefit plan     0 0  
Unfunded status     (3,352,000,000) (3,360,000,000)  
Pension, Supplemental and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans | Qwest Communications International, Inc.          
Employee Benefits          
Description of related party transaction         In 2015, we agreed to a plan to settle the outstanding pension and post-retirement affiliate obligations, net balance with QCII over a 30 year term. Under the plan, payments are scheduled to be made on a monthly basis.
Repayments on affiliate obligation     $ 87,000,000 $ 97,000,000  
Change in accounting method accounted for as change in estimate | Pension, Supplemental and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans          
Employee Benefits          
Change in allocation of pension and post-retirement service costs         In 2015, our ultimate parent company, CenturyLink, changed their allocation methodology with respect to their now centrally managed pension and post-retirement plans. Specifically, under this new methodology, CenturyLink will allocate current service costs to subsidiaries relative to employees who are currently earning benefits under the pension and post-retirement benefit plans. The net periodic benefit cost allocated to us is now paid on a monthly basis through CenturyLink’s intercompany cash management process.
Forecast | Pension Plan | CenturyLink, Inc.          
Employee Benefits          
Employer contributions to benefit plan   $ 100,000,000      
v3.8.0.1
Employee Benefits (Details 2) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Health Care and Life Insurance [Abstract]      
Health care benefit expenses $ 204 $ 241 $ 217
v3.8.0.1
Employee Benefits (Details 3) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Pension Plan      
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Costs recognized for 401(k) Plan $ 42 $ 42 $ 43
v3.8.0.1
Share-Based Compensation (Details) - Stock compensation plan - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Share-based compensation      
Share based compensation expense $ 27 $ 22 $ 21
Income tax benefit recognized, associated with share-based compensation expense $ 7 $ 8 $ 8
v3.8.0.1
Products and Services Revenues (Details)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2017
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2017
USD ($)
Mar. 31, 2017
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2016
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2016
USD ($)
Mar. 31, 2016
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2017
USD ($)
category
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
USD ($)
Products and Services Revenues                      
Number of categories of products and services (categories) | category                 3    
Operating revenues $ 2,114 $ 2,141 $ 2,133 $ 2,162 $ 2,208 $ 2,226 $ 2,223 $ 2,253 $ 8,550 $ 8,910 $ 8,964
Taxes and surcharges included in operating revenues and expenses                 $ 134 149 147
Number of reportable segments                 1    
Strategic services                      
Products and Services Revenues                      
Operating revenues                 $ 2,686 2,696 2,617
Legacy services                      
Products and Services Revenues                      
Operating revenues                 2,831 3,216 3,593
Affiliates and other services                      
Products and Services Revenues                      
Operating revenues                 $ 3,033 $ 2,998 $ 2,754
v3.8.0.1
Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Sep. 30, 2017
Jun. 30, 2017
Mar. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Sep. 30, 2016
Jun. 30, 2016
Mar. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]                      
Provisional tax benefit, amount $ 555                    
Current:                      
Federal and foreign                 $ 777 $ 686 $ 734
State and local                 130 115 114
Total current                 907 801 848
Deferred:                      
Federal and foreign                 (736) (103) (170)
State and local                 (37) (20) (19)
Total deferred                 (773) (123) (189)
Income tax expense $ (378) $ 168 $ 170 $ 174 $ 152 $ 159 $ 179 $ 188 $ 134 $ 678 $ 659
Effective income tax rate:                      
Federal statutory income tax rate (as a percent) 35.00%               35.00% 35.00% 35.00%
Federal income tax rate after enactment of Tax Reform (as a percent) 21.00%                    
State income taxes-net of federal effect (as a percent)                 3.40% 3.50% 3.60%
Tax Reform, Percent                 (31.00%) (0.00%) (0.00%)
Other (as a percent)                 0.10% 0.00% (0.60%)
Effective income tax rate (as a percent)                 7.50% 38.50% 38.00%
Deferred tax liabilities:                      
Property, plant and equipment $ (933)       (1,384)       $ (933) $ (1,384)  
Intangibles assets (553)       (1,088)       (553) (1,088)  
Receivable from an affiliate due to pension plan participation 0       (452)       0 (452)  
Total deferred tax liabilities (1,486)       (2,924)       (1,486) (2,924)  
Deferred tax assets:                      
Payable to affiliate due to post-retirement plan participation 366       954       366 954  
Other 127       209       127 209  
Gross deferred tax assets 493       1,163       493 1,163  
Less valuation allowance on deferred tax assets (8)       (12)       (8) (12)  
Net deferred tax assets 485       1,151       485 1,151  
Net deferred tax liabilities (1,001)       (1,773)       (1,001) (1,773)  
Change in valuation allowance of deferred tax assets                 4    
Domestic tax authority                      
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]                      
Liabilities recorded for interest related to uncertain tax positions 0       0       0 0 $ 0
Liabilities recorded for penalties related to uncertain tax positions $ 0       $ 0       $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
v3.8.0.1
Income Taxes (Details 2) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Qwest Services Corporation      
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]      
Income taxes paid $ 907 $ 801 $ 848
v3.8.0.1
Fair Value Disclosure (Details) - Fair value, measurements, nonrecurring - Fair value inputs, Level 2 - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Carrying amount    
Liabilities    
Liabilities-Long-term debt (excluding capital lease and other obligations) $ 7,245 $ 7,229
Fair value    
Liabilities    
Liabilities-Long-term debt (excluding capital lease and other obligations) $ 7,080 $ 7,203
v3.8.0.1
Stockholder's Equity (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Stockholder's Equity (Deficit)        
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)   1 1  
Common stock, shares outstanding (shares)   1 1  
Dividend of equity interest in limited liability company to Qwest Services Corporation $ 12      
Dividends        
Dividends declared to QSC   $ 1,000 $ 1,300 $ 1,350
Cash dividend paid to QSC   $ 1,000 $ 1,300 $ 1,350
COMMON STOCK        
Stockholder's Equity (Deficit)        
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)   1    
Common stock, shares outstanding (shares)   1    
v3.8.0.1
Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Sep. 30, 2017
Jun. 30, 2017
Mar. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Sep. 30, 2016
Jun. 30, 2016
Mar. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Operating quarterly financial data                      
Operating revenues $ 2,114 $ 2,141 $ 2,133 $ 2,162 $ 2,208 $ 2,226 $ 2,223 $ 2,253 $ 8,550 $ 8,910 $ 8,964
Operating income 600 560 573 580 521 576 602 625 2,313 2,324 2,260
Income tax expense (benefit) (378) 168 170 174 152 159 179 188 134 678 659
Net income 846 $ 265 $ 268 $ 278 238 $ 255 $ 288 $ 304 $ 1,657 $ 1,085 $ 1,074
Provisional tax benefit, amount $ 555                    
Federal statutory income tax rate (as a percent) 35.00%               35.00% 35.00% 35.00%
Federal income tax rate after enactment of Tax Reform (as a percent) 21.00%                    
Severance costs         $ 78            
v3.8.0.1
Commitments and Contingencies Commitments and Contingencies (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
USD ($)
lawsuit
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]  
Number of patents allegedly Infringed, minimum 1
Unfavorable regulatory action  
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]  
Maximum possible loss per proceeding | $ $ 100,000
Interexchange Carriers  
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]  
Number of lawsuits (approximately) | lawsuit 100
v3.8.0.1
Commitments and Contingencies (Details 2) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Leases, Capital      
Assets acquired through capital leases $ 19 $ 10 $ 10
Depreciation expense 9 5 19
Cash payments towards capital leases 8 6 $ 20
Assets included in property, plant and equipment 57 40  
Accumulated depreciation 24 $ 22  
Capital lease obligations:      
2018 14    
2019 10    
2020 6    
2021 2    
2022 1    
2023 and thereafter 3    
Total minimum payments 36    
Less: amount representing interest and executory costs (6)    
Present value of minimum payments 30    
Less: current portion (12)    
Long-term portion $ 18    
v3.8.0.1
Commitments and Contingencies (Details 3) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Leases, Operating      
Operating leases, rent expense $ 70 $ 72 $ 75
Sublease rental income received 2 $ 4 $ 4
Operating leases:      
2018 36    
2019 31    
2020 24    
2021 22    
2022 18    
2023 and thereafter 46    
Total future minimum payments 177    
Minimum sublease rentals due in the future under non-cancelable subleases 22    
Purchase Obligations      
Total purchase commitments 59    
2018 48    
2019 through 2020 $ 11    
v3.8.0.1
Other Financial Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Additional Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]      
Impairment of asset $ 1 $ 11 $ 0
Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current [Abstract]      
Prepaid expenses 42 48  
Assets held for sale 0 8  
Other 56 73  
Total other current assets 98 129  
Accounts Payable, Current [Abstract]      
Accounts payable 317 398  
Capital expenditures incurred but not yet paid $ 86 $ 53  
v3.8.0.1
Labor Union Contracts (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Labor Union Contracts  
Collective bargaining arrangement, number of participating unionized employees 10,000
Unionized employees concentration risk | Employees covered under collective bargaining agreements  
Labor Union Contracts  
Concentration risk, (percent) 45.00%
Workforce subject to collective bargaining arrangements, effective June 18, 2017  
Labor Union Contracts  
Collective bargaining arrangement, number of participating unionized employees 10,000