QWEST CORP, 10-K filed on 2/20/2025
Annual Report
v3.25.0.1
Cover - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Jun. 30, 2024
Cover [Abstract]    
Document Type 10-K  
Document Annual Report true  
Document Period End Date Dec. 31, 2024  
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31  
Document Transition Report false  
Entity File Number 001-03040  
Entity Registrant Name QWEST CORPORATION  
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code CO  
Entity Tax Identification Number 84-0273800  
Entity Address, Address Line One 931 14th Street,  
Entity Address, City or Town Denver,  
Entity Address, State or Province CO  
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 80202  
City Area Code 318  
Local Phone Number 388-9000  
Entity Information [Line Items]    
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer No  
Entity Voluntary Filers No  
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes  
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes  
Entity Filer Category Non-accelerated Filer  
Entity Small Business false  
Entity Emerging Growth Company false  
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag false  
Document Financial Statement Error Correction false  
Entity Shell Company false  
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding 0  
Documents Incorporated by Reference
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE: None.
 
Entity Central Index Key 0000068622  
Amendment Flag false  
Entity Public Float   $ 0
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2024  
Document Fiscal Period Focus FY  
6.5% Notes Due 2056    
Entity Information [Line Items]    
Title of 12(b) Security 6.5% Notes Due 2056  
Trading Symbol(s) CTBB  
Security Exchange Name NYSE  
6.75% Notes Due 2057    
Entity Information [Line Items]    
Title of 12(b) Security 6.75% Notes Due 2057  
Trading Symbol(s) CTDD  
Security Exchange Name NYSE  
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Audit Information
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Audit Information [Abstract]  
Auditor Name KPMG LLP
Auditor Location Denver, Colorado
Auditor Firm ID 185
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
OPERATING REVENUE      
Total operating revenue $ 5,508 $ 5,915 $ 6,449
OPERATING EXPENSES      
Cost of services and products (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) 1,505 1,608 1,646
Selling, general and administrative 438 478 454
Operating expenses - affiliates 761 796 734
Depreciation and amortization 753 823 860
Goodwill impairment 0 2,405 0
Total operating expenses 3,457 6,110 3,694
OPERATING INCOME (LOSS) 2,051 (195) 2,755
OTHER EXPENSE      
Interest expense (62) (95) (112)
Other income, net 1 5 7
Total other expense, net (37) (75) (165)
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES 2,014 (270) 2,590
Income tax expense 527 561 671
NET INCOME (LOSS) 1,487 (831) 1,919
Affiliated Entity      
OPERATING REVENUE      
Total operating revenue 2,249 2,159 2,294
OTHER EXPENSE      
Interest income (expense) - affiliate, net 24 15  
Interest income (expense) - affiliate, net     (60)
Non-Affiliate Services      
OPERATING REVENUE      
Total operating revenue 3,259 3,756 4,155
Affiliate Services      
OPERATING REVENUE      
Total operating revenue $ 2,249 $ 2,159 $ 2,294
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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
CURRENT ASSETS    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 26 $ 10
Accounts receivable, less allowance of $29 and $34 227 261
Other 152 144
Total current assets 1,307 415
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $8,910 and $8,239 8,865 8,700
GOODWILL AND OTHER ASSETS    
Goodwill 6,955 6,955
Other intangible assets, net 84 103
Other, net 151 164
Total goodwill and other assets 7,190 7,222
TOTAL ASSETS 17,362 16,337
CURRENT LIABILITIES    
Current maturities of long-term debt 239 1
Accounts payable 221 362
Accrued expenses and other liabilities    
Salaries and benefits 130 130
Income and other taxes 106 96
Other 117 121
Current portion of deferred revenue 153 162
Total current liabilities 966 933
LONG-TERM DEBT 1,688 2,156
DEFERRED CREDITS AND OTHER LIABILITIES    
Deferred income taxes, net 1,336 1,318
Other 685 679
Total deferred credits and other liabilities 2,465 2,492
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 14)
STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY    
Common stock - one share without par value, owned by Qwest Services Corporation 10,050 10,050
Retained earnings 2,193 706
Total stockholder's equity 12,243 10,756
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY 17,362 16,337
Affiliated Entity    
CURRENT ASSETS    
Advances to affiliates 902 0
CURRENT LIABILITIES    
Advances from affiliates 0 61
DEFERRED CREDITS AND OTHER LIABILITIES    
Affiliate obligations, net $ 444 $ 495
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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]    
Accounts receivable, allowance $ 29 $ 34
PP&E, accumulated depreciation $ 8,910 $ 8,239
Common stock, share issued (shares) 1 1
Common stock, share outstanding (shares) 1 1
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
OPERATING ACTIVITIES      
Net income (loss) $ 1,487 $ (831) $ 1,919
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:      
Depreciation and amortization 753 823 860
Goodwill impairment 0 2,405 0
Deferred income taxes 37 22 20
Provision for uncollectible accounts 45 66 60
Accrued interest on affiliate note 0 0 28
Changes in current assets and liabilities:      
Accounts receivable (11) 20 (68)
Accounts payable 14 14 (29)
Accrued income and other taxes 10 7 (5)
Other current assets and liabilities, net (49) (97) (26)
Changes in other noncurrent assets and liabilities, net (8) 17 (28)
Changes in affiliate obligations, net (55) (62) (90)
Other, net (29) 5 (15)
Net cash provided by operating activities 2,194 2,389 2,626
INVESTING ACTIVITIES      
Capital expenditures (1,047) (1,062) (849)
Changes in advances to affiliates (902)   (576)
Changes in advances to affiliates   569  
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment and other assets 58 27 76
Net cash used in investing activities (1,891) (466) (1,349)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES      
Payment of note payable - affiliate 0 0 (1,215)
Payments of long-term debt (226) (2) (1)
Dividends paid 0 (1,980) 0
Changes in advances from affiliates (61) 61 (55)
Net cash used in financing activities (287) (1,921) (1,271)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 16 2 6
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period 12 10 4
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period 28 12 10
Supplemental cash flow information:      
Income taxes paid, net (497) (509) (673)
Interest paid, including affiliate interest (net of capitalized interest of $75, $54 and $29) (63) (97) (113)
Supplemental noncash information of financing activities:      
Dividend to parent in exchange for advances to affiliates 0 (1,980) 0
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:      
Cash and cash equivalents 26 10 8
Restricted cash - noncurrent 2 2 2
Total $ 28 $ 12 $ 10
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]      
Interest paid, capitalized interest $ 75 $ 54 $ 29
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY (DEFICIT) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Total
COMMON STOCK
RETAINED EARNINGS
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2021   $ 10,050 $ 1,598
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholder's Equity      
Net income (loss) $ 1,919   1,919
Dividends declared and paid to Qwest Services Corporation 0   0
Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2022 13,567 10,050 3,517
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholder's Equity      
Net income (loss) (831)   (831)
Dividends declared and paid to Qwest Services Corporation (1,980)   (1,980)
Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2023 10,756 10,050 706
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholder's Equity      
Net income (loss) 1,487   1,487
Dividends declared and paid to Qwest Services Corporation 0   0
Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2024 $ 12,243 $ 10,050 $ 2,193
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Background and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Background and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Note 1—Background and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

General

We are a networking company with the goal of connecting people, data, and applications quickly, securely and effortlessly. We are unleashing the world's digital potential by providing a broad array of integrated products and services to our domestic and global Business customers and our domestic Mass Markets customers. Our specific products and services are detailed in Note 3—Revenue Recognition of this report.

We generate the majority of our total consolidated operating revenue from services provided in the 14-state region of Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington and Wyoming. We refer to this region as our local service area.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our subsidiaries. Intercompany amounts and transactions with our consolidated subsidiaries have been eliminated. Transactions with our non-consolidated affiliates (Lumen Technologies and its other subsidiaries, referred to herein as affiliates) have not been eliminated.

We reclassified certain prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation, including our revenue by product and service categories. See Note 3—Revenue Recognition for additional information. These changes had no impact on total operating revenue, total operating expenses or net income (loss) for any period.

Operating Expenses

Our current definitions of operating expenses are as follows:

Cost of services and products (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) are expenses incurred in providing products and services to our customers. These expenses include: employee-related expenses directly attributable to operating and maintaining our network (such as salaries, wages, benefits and professional fees); facilities expenses (which include third-party telecommunications expenses we incur for using other carriers' networks to provide services to our customers); rents and utilities expenses; equipment sales expenses (such as data integration and modem expenses); and other expenses directly related to our operations; and

Selling, general and administrative expenses are corporate overhead and other operating expenses. These expenses include: employee-related expenses (such as salaries, wages, internal commissions, benefits and professional fees) directly attributable to selling products or services and employee-related expenses for administrative functions; marketing and advertising; property and other operating taxes and fees; external commissions; legal expenses associated with general matters; bad debt expense; and other selling, general and administrative expenses.

These expense classifications may not be comparable to those of other companies.
Segments

Our operations are integrated into and reported as part of Lumen Technologies. Lumen's CEO is our chief operating decision maker ("CODM") and reviews our financial information on an aggregate basis only in connection with our quarterly and annual reports that we file with the SEC. Our CODM assesses performance and allocates resources in conjunction with and based on the operations of Lumen Technologies. Consequently, we do not provide our discrete financial information to the CODM on a regular basis. As such, we have one reportable segment.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. These accounting principles require us to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. We believe that the estimates, judgments and assumptions we make when accounting for specific items and matters are reasonable, based on information available at the time they are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can materially affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and components of stockholder's equity as of the dates of the consolidated balance sheets, as well as the reported amounts of revenue, expenses and components of cash flows during the periods presented in our other consolidated financial statements. We also make estimates in our assessments of potential losses in relation to threatened or pending tax and legal matters. See Note 12—Income Taxes and Note 14—Commitments, Contingencies and Other Items for additional information.

For matters not related to income taxes, if a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, we recognize an expense for the estimated loss. If we have the potential to recover a portion of the estimated loss from a third party, we make a separate assessment of recoverability and reduce the estimated loss if recovery is also deemed probable.

For matters related to income taxes, if we determine the impact of an uncertain tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority, then we recognize a benefit for the largest amount that is more likely than not to be sustained. We do not recognize any portion of an uncertain tax position if the position has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. We recognize interest on the amount of unrecognized benefit from uncertain tax positions.

For all of these and other matters, actual results could differ materially from our estimates.

Revenue Recognition

We earn most of our consolidated revenue from contracts with customers, primarily through the provision of communications and other services. Revenue from contracts with customers is accounted for under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606. We also earn revenue from leasing arrangements (primarily fiber capacity agreements) and governmental subsidy payments, neither of which are accounted for under ASC 606.

Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue is recognized based on the following five-step model:

Identification of the contract with a customer;

Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

Determination of the transaction price;

Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation.
We provide an array of communications services to business and residential customers, including local voice, VPN, Ethernet, data, broadband, private line (including special access), network access, transport, voice, information technology, video and other ancillary services. We provide these services to a wide range of businesses, including global, enterprise, wholesale, government, and small and medium business customers. Certain contracts also include the sale of equipment, which is not significant to our business.

We recognize revenue for services when we provide the applicable service or when control of a product is transferred. Recognition of certain payments received in advance of services being provided is deferred. These advance payments may include design, planning, and engineering fees, as well as certain activation and installation charges. If these advance payments are not separate performance obligations, we recognize them as revenue over the actual or expected contract term using historical experience, which typically ranges from one to five years depending on the service. In most cases, termination fees or other fees on existing contracts that are negotiated in conjunction with new contracts are deferred and recognized over the new contract term.

For access services, we generally bill fixed monthly charges one month in advance to customers and recognize revenue as service is provided over the contract term in alignment with the customer's receipt of service. For usage and other ancillary services, we generally bill in arrears and recognize revenue as usage or delivery occurs. In most cases, the amount invoiced for our service offerings constitutes the price that would be billed on a standalone basis.

In certain cases, customers may be permitted to modify their contracts. We evaluate the change in scope or price to identify whether the modification should be treated as a separate contract, as a termination of the existing contract and creation of a new contract, or as a change to the existing contract.

Customer contracts are evaluated to determine whether the performance obligations are separable. If the performance obligations are deemed separable and separate earnings processes exist, the total transaction price that we expect to receive with the customer is allocated to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. The revenue associated with each performance obligation is then recognized as earned.

We periodically sell transmission capacity on our network. These transactions are generally structured as indefeasible rights of use, commonly referred to as IRUs, which are the exclusive right to use a specified amount of capacity or fiber for a specified term, typically 20 years. In most cases, we account for the cash consideration received on transfers of transmission capacity as ASC 606 revenue, which is adjusted for the time value of money and is recognized ratably over the term of the agreement. Cash consideration received on transfers of dark fiber is accounted for as non-ASC 606 lease revenue, which we also recognize ratably over the term of the agreement. We do not recognize revenue on any contemporaneous exchanges of our transmission capacity assets for other non-owned transmission capacity assets.

In connection with offering products and services provided to the end user by third-party vendors, we review the relationship between us, the vendor and the end user to assess whether revenue should be reported on a gross or net basis. In assessing whether revenue should be reported on a gross or net basis, we consider whether we act as a principal in the transaction and control the goods and services used to fulfill the performance obligations associated with the transaction.

We have service level commitments pursuant to contracts with certain of our customers. To the extent that we determine that such service levels were not achieved or may not have been achieved, we estimate the amount of credits to be issued and record a corresponding reduction to revenue in the period that the service level commitment was not met or may not be met.

Customer payments are made based on billing schedules included in our customer contracts, which is typically on a monthly basis.

We defer (or capitalize) incremental contract acquisition and fulfillment costs and recognize (or amortize) such costs over the average contract life. Our deferred contract costs for our customers have average amortization periods of approximately 50 months for Mass Markets customers and 35 months for Business customers. These deferred costs are periodically monitored to reflect any significant change in assumptions.

See Note 3—Revenue Recognition for additional information.
Affiliate Transactions

We provide to our affiliates telecommunications services that we also provide to external customers. In addition, we provide to our affiliates application development and support services. Services provided by us to our affiliates are recognized as operating revenue-affiliates in our consolidated statements of operations. We also purchase services from our affiliates including telecommunications services, marketing and employee-related support services. Services provided to us from our affiliates are recognized as operating expenses-affiliates on our consolidated statements of operations. Because of the significance of the services we provide to our affiliates and our affiliates provide to us, the results of operations, financial position and cash flows presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations, financial position and cash flows we would have achieved had we operated as a stand-alone entity during the periods presented.

We recognize intercompany charges at the amounts billed to us by our affiliates and we recognize intercompany revenue for services we bill to our affiliates. For additional information, see Note 13—Affiliate Transactions.

Our ultimate parent company, Lumen Technologies, Inc. has cash management arrangements or loan arrangements with a majority of its subsidiaries that include lines of credit, affiliate obligations, capital contributions and dividends. As part of these cash management arrangements, affiliates provide lines of credit to certain other affiliates. Amounts outstanding under these lines of credit and intercompany obligations vary from time to time. Under these arrangements, the majority of our cash balance is transferred on a daily basis for centralized management by Lumen's service company affiliate. From time to time, we may declare and pay dividends to QSC, our direct parent, using cash owed to us under these advances, which has the net effect of reducing the amount of these advances. We report the balance of these transfers on our consolidated balance sheet as advances to affiliates. Dividends paid are reflected on our consolidated statements of stockholder's equity and the consolidated statements of cash flows reflects the changes in advances to affiliates as investing activities and changes in advances from affiliates as financing activities. Interest is assessed on advances to and from affiliates using the current interest rate for our note payable-affiliate.

The affiliate obligations, net in current and noncurrent liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets primarily represents the cumulative allocation of expense, net of payments, associated with QCII’s pension plans and post-retirement benefits plans prior to the plan mergers. In 2015, we agreed to a plan to settle the outstanding affiliate obligations, net balance with QCII over a 30 year term. Under the plan, payments are scheduled to be made on a monthly basis. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we made settlement payments of $52 million and $57 million, respectively, to QCII in accordance with the plan. Changes in the affiliate obligations, net are reflected in operating activities on our consolidated statements of cash flows.

In the normal course of business, we transfer assets to and from various affiliates through our parent, QSC, which are recorded through our equity. It is our policy to record asset transfers based on carrying values. These
transactions may reduce our capital resources for debt repayments and other purposes.

On September 30, 2022, Qwest Corporation repaid the outstanding principal and interest on the Note Payable - Affiliate to an affiliate of our ultimate parent company, Lumen Technologies, Inc., under a revolving promissory note. For additional information, see "Note Payable - Affiliate" in Note 6—Long-Term Debt and Note Payable - Affiliate.

Legal Costs

In the normal course of our business, we incur costs to hire and retain external legal counsel to advise us on finance, regulatory, litigation and other matters. Subject to certain exceptions, we expense these costs as the related services are received.
Income Taxes

Our results are included in the Lumen Technologies consolidated federal income tax return and certain combined state income tax returns. Lumen Technologies allocates income tax expense to us based upon a separate return method which results in income tax expense that approximates the expense that would result if we were a stand-alone entity. Our reported deferred tax assets and liabilities, as discussed below and in Note 12—Income Taxes, are primarily determined as a result of the application of the separate return method and therefore the settlement of these amounts is dependent upon our parent, Lumen Technologies, Inc., rather than tax authorities.

The provision for income taxes consists of an amount for taxes currently payable, an amount for tax consequences deferred to future periods and adjustments to our liabilities for uncertain tax positions. We record deferred income tax assets and liabilities reflecting future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying value of assets and liabilities and the tax basis of those assets and liabilities. Deferred taxes are computed using enacted tax rates expected to apply in the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rate is recognized in earnings in the period that includes the enactment date.

We establish valuation allowances when necessary to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amounts that we believe are more likely than not to be recovered. Each quarter we evaluate the need to retain all or a portion of the valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets. See Note 12—Income Taxes for additional information.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into cash and are not subject to significant risk from fluctuations in interest rates. As a result, the value at which cash and cash equivalents are reported in our consolidated financial statements approximates their fair value. Our cash collections are transferred to Lumen Technologies, Inc. on a daily basis and our ultimate parent funds our cash disbursement needs. The net cash transferred to Lumen Technologies, Inc. has been reflected as advances to affiliates in our consolidated balance sheets.

Book overdrafts occur when we have issued checks but they have not yet been presented to our controlled disbursement bank accounts for payment. Disbursement bank accounts allow us to delay funding of issued checks until the checks are presented for payment. Until the issued checks are presented for payment, the book overdrafts are included in accounts payable on our consolidated balance sheets. This activity is included in the operating activities section in our consolidated statements of cash flows. There was less than $1 million and no book overdrafts included in accounts payable at December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023, respectively.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash consists primarily of cash and investments that serve to collateralize certain performance and operating obligations. Restricted cash is recorded as current or non-current assets in the consolidated balance sheets depending on the duration of the restriction and the purpose for which the restriction exists.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

Accounts receivable are recognized based upon the amount due from customers for the services provided or at cost for purchased and other receivables less an allowance for credit losses. We use a loss rate method to estimate our allowance for credit losses. For more information on our methodology for estimating our allowance for credit losses, see Note 5—Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.
We generally consider our accounts past due if they are outstanding over 30 days. Our past due accounts are written off against our allowance for credit losses and any recoveries of accounts previously written off are generally recognized as a reduction in bad debt expense in the period received. The carrying value of accounts receivable, net of the allowance for credit losses, approximates fair value.
Property, Plant and Equipment

As a result of our indirect acquisition by Lumen Technologies, Inc., property, plant and equipment acquired at the time of acquisition was recorded based on its estimated fair value as of the acquisition date. Subsequently purchased and constructed property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost, plus the estimated value of any associated legally or contractually required retirement obligations. Prior to January 1, 2024, we depreciated the majority of our property, plant and equipment using the straight-line group method over the estimated useful lives of groups of assets. Under the straight-line group method, assets dedicated to providing telecommunications services (which comprise the majority of our property, plant and equipment) that have similar physical characteristics, use and expected useful lives are pooled for purposes of depreciation and tracking. We used the equal life group procedure to establish each pool's average remaining useful life. Generally, under the straight-line group method, when an asset is sold or retired in the course of normal business activities, the cost is deducted from property, plant and equipment and charged to accumulated depreciation without recognition of a gain or loss. Effective January 1, 2024, we re-established all of our assets individually, including accumulated depreciation, and began to depreciate all of our assets using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the specific asset. A gain or loss is recognized in our consolidated statements of operations only if a disposal is unusual. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the useful lives of the assets or the expected lease term. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. During the construction phase of network and other internal-use capital projects, we capitalize related employee and interest costs. Property, plant and equipment supplies used internally are carried at average cost, except for significant individual items for which cost is based on specific identification.

We perform annual internal reviews to evaluate the reasonableness of the depreciable lives for our property, plant and equipment. Our reviews utilize models that take into account actual usage, physical wear and tear, replacement history, assumptions about technology evolution and, in certain instances, actuarially determined probabilities to estimate the remaining useful life of our asset base. Our remaining useful life assessments evaluate the possible loss in service value of assets that may precede the physical retirement. Assets shared among many customers may lose service value as those customers reduce their use of the network. However, the asset is not retired until all customers no longer utilize the asset and we determine there is no alternative use for the asset.

We review long-lived tangible assets for impairment whenever facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be recoverable. For assessment purposes, long-lived assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities, absent a material change in operations. An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying amount of the asset group is not recoverable and exceeds its estimated fair value. Recoverability of the asset group to be held and used is assessed by comparing the carrying amount of the asset group to the estimated undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group. If the asset group's carrying value is not recoverable, we recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its estimated fair value.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

We initially record intangible assets arising from business combinations, such as goodwill and capitalized software at estimated fair value. We amortize capitalized software using the straight-line method over estimated lives ranging up to seven years. Other intangible assets not arising from business combinations are initially recorded at cost.

Internally used software, whether purchased or developed by us, is capitalized and amortized using the straight-line method over its estimated useful life. We have capitalized certain costs associated with software such as costs of employees devoting time to the projects and external direct costs for materials and services. Costs associated with software to be used for internal purposes are expensed until the point at which the project has reached the development stage. Subsequent additions, modifications or upgrades to internal-use software are capitalized only to the extent that they allow the software to perform a task it previously did not perform. Software maintenance, data conversion and training costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. We review the remaining economic lives of our capitalized software annually. Capitalized software is included in other intangible assets, net, in our consolidated balance sheets.
We are required to assess our goodwill for impairment annually, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate an impairment may have occurred. We are required to write-down the value of goodwill of the reporting unit in periods in which the carrying amount of the reporting unit equity exceeds the estimated fair value of the equity of the reporting unit limited to the goodwill balance. The impairment assessment is performed at the reporting unit level. We have determined that our operations consist of one reporting unit, consistent with our determination that our business consists of one operating segment. See Note 2—Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets for additional information.

Pension and Post-Retirement Benefits

A substantial portion of our active and retired employees participate in the Lumen Combined Pension Plan. On December 31, 2014, the QCII pension plan and a pension plan of an affiliate were merged into the CenturyLink Retirement Plan, and the CenturyLink Retirement Plan is now named the Lumen Combined Pension Plan. Prior to the pension plan merger, the above-noted employees participated in the QCII pension plan. In addition, certain of our employees participate in Lumen's post-retirement health care and life insurance benefit plans. Lumen Technologies allocates service costs relating to pension and post-retirement health care and life insurance benefits to us and its other affiliates. The amounts contributed by us through Lumen Technologies are not segregated or restricted to pay amounts due to our employees and may be used to provide benefits to other employees of Lumen Technologies. The allocation of the service costs to us is based upon our employees who are currently earning benefits under the plans.

For further information on qualified pension, post-retirement and other post-employment benefit plans, see Note 11—Employee Benefits to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of Part II of Lumen's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Change in Accounting Estimates

Effective January 1, 2024, we changed our method of depreciation and amortization for incumbent local exchange carriers ("ILEC") fixed assets from the group method of depreciation to straight line by individual asset method. Historically, we have used the group method of depreciation for the property, plant and equipment and amortization of certain intangible capitalized software assets of our ILECs. Under the group method, all like kind assets were combined into common pools and depreciated under composite depreciation rates. We believe the straight-line depreciation method for individual assets is preferable to the group method as it will result in a more precise estimate of depreciation expense and will result in a consistent depreciation method for all our subsidiaries. This change in the method of depreciation and amortization is considered a change in accounting estimate inseparable from a change in accounting principle. The change in accounting estimate decreased depreciation and amortization expense $101 million, $77 million net of tax for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Additionally, during the first quarter of 2024, we updated our analysis of economic lives of owned fiber network assets. As of January 1, 2024, we extended the estimated economic life and depreciation period of such assets from 25 years to 30 years to better reflect the physical life of the assets that we have experienced and absence of technological changes that would replace fiber. The change in accounting estimate decreased depreciation expense by approximately $24 million, $18 million net of tax for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Segments

On January 1, 2024 we adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” This ASU is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The ASU does not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates them or applies quantitative thresholds to determine reportable segments. Public entities with a single reportable segment are required to provide the new disclosures and all the disclosures required under ASC 280, "Segment Reporting." We did not early adopt this standard. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Government Assistance

On January 1, 2022, we adopted ASU 2021-10 "Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance." This ASU requires business entities to disclose information about certain types of government assistance they receive. Refer to Note 3—Revenue Recognition for more information on the impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.

Investments

On January 1, 2024, we adopted ASU 2023-02, “Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method.” This ASU allows reporting entities to elect to account for qualifying tax equity investments using the proportional amortization method, regardless of the program giving rise to the related income tax credits. The adoption of this ASU did not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements.

On January 1, 2024, we adopted ASU 2022-03, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions.” This ASU clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sales of an investment in an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring its fair value. The adoption of this ASU did not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Leases

On January 1, 2024, we adopted ASU 2023-01, “Leases (Topic 842): Common Control Arrangements.” This ASU requires all entities to amortize leasehold improvements associated with common control leases over the useful life to the common control group. The adoption of this ASU did not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements.

On January 1, 2022, we adopted ASU 2021-05, “Leases (Topic 842): Lessors—Certain Leases with Variable Lease Payments.” This ASU (i) amends the lease classification requirements for lessors, (ii) provides criteria for lessors to classify and account for a lease with variable lease payments that do not depend on a reference index or a rate as an operating lease; and (iii) provides guidance with respect to net investments by lessors under operating leases and other related topics. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Reference Rate Reform

In December 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2022-06, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) – Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848." This ASU, which was effective upon issuance, extends the period of time preparers can utilize the reference rate reform relief guidance in Topic 848, by deferring the sunset date from December 31, 2022, to December 31, 2024, after which entities will no longer be permitted to apply the relief in Topic 848. Based on our review of our key material contracts through December 31, 2024, this ASU does not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Supplier Finance Programs

On January 1, 2023, we adopted ASU 2022-04, “Liabilities-Supplier Finance Program (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations.” This ASU requires a company that uses a supplier finance program in connection with the purchase of goods or services to disclose sufficient information about the program to allow a user of financial statements to understand the program’s nature, program activity during the period, changes from period to period and the potential magnitude of program transactions. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Credit Losses

On January 1, 2023, we adopted ASU 2022-02, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDR”) and Vintage Disclosures.” The ASU eliminates the TDR recognition and measurement guidance, enhances existing disclosure requirements and introduces new requirements related to certain modifications of receivables made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Adoption of Other ASUs

In July 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-03, “Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205), Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480), Equity (Topic 505), and Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 120, SEC Staff Announcement at the March 24, 2022 EITF Meeting, and Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 6.B, Accounting Series Release 280—General Revision of Regulation S-X: Income or Loss Applicable to Common Stock.” This ASU became effective for us once the addition to the FASB Codification was made available in July 2023. This ASU amends or supersedes various SEC paragraphs within the applicable codification to conform to past SEC staff announcements. This ASU does not provide any new guidance. The adoption of this ASU did not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-04, "Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments." This ASU clarifies the requirements for determining whether certain settlements of convertible debt instruments should be accounted for as induced conversions rather than as debt extinguishments. This standard is effective for the annual period of fiscal 2026, and early adoption is permitted. As of December 31, 2024, we do not hold convertible debt instruments and do not expect this ASU will have any impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, "Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses." This ASU requires additional footnote disclosure of the details of certain income statement expense line items as well as additional disclosure about selling expenses. This standard is effective for the annual period of fiscal 2027, and early adoption is permitted. The guidance is to be applied prospectively, with the option for retrospective application. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this standard will have on our disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” This ASU requires that public business entities must annually (1) disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and (2) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold (if the effect of those reconciling items is equal to or greater than 5 percent of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income or loss by the applicable statutory income tax rate). This ASU will become effective for us in the annual period of fiscal 2025 and early adoption is permitted. We have chosen not to early adopt this ASU and are currently evaluating its impact on our consolidated financial statements, including our annual disclosure within our Income Taxes footnote.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-08, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350-60): Accounting for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets.” This ASU is intended to improve the accounting for certain crypto assets by requiring an entity to measure those crypto assets at fair value each reporting period with changes in fair value recognized in net income. The amendments also improve the information provided to investors about an entity’s crypto asset holdings by requiring disclosure about significant holdings, contractual sale restrictions, and changes during the reporting period. This ASU will become effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 and early adoption is permitted. As of December 31, 2024, we do not hold crypto assets and do not expect this ASU to have any impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, “Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative.” This ASU incorporates certain SEC disclosure requirements into the FASB Codification. The amendments in the ASU are expected to clarify or improve disclosure and presentation requirements of a variety of FASB Codification topics, allow users to more easily compare entities subject to the SEC’s existing disclosures with those entities that were not previously subject to the requirements, and align the requirements in the FASB Codification with the SEC’s regulations. This ASU will become effective for each amendment on the effective date of the SEC's corresponding disclosure rule changes. As of December 31, 2024, we do not expect this ASU to have any impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-05, “Business Combinations – Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60): Recognition and Initial Measurement.” This ASU applies to the formation of entities that meet the definition of a joint venture (or a corporate joint venture). The amendments in the ASU require that a joint venture apply a new basis of accounting upon formation. This ASU will become effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 and early adoption is permitted. As of December 31, 2024, we do not expect this ASU to have any impact on our consolidated financial statements.
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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Note 2—Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and other intangible assets consisted of the following:

As of December 31,
20242023
(Dollars in millions)
Goodwill, less accumulated impairment losses of $2,405 and $2,405
$6,955 6,955 
Other intangible assets, less accumulated amortization of $1,841 and $1,966
$84 103 

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the gross carrying amount of goodwill and other intangible assets was $8.9 billion and $9.0 billion, respectively.

Substantially all of our goodwill was derived from Lumen's acquisition of us where the purchase price exceeded the fair value of the net assets acquired.

We are required to assess our goodwill for impairment annually, or under certain circumstances, more frequently, such as when events or changes in circumstances indicate there may be impairment. We are required to write down the value of goodwill only when our assessment determines the carrying value of equity of our reporting unit exceeds its fair value. Our annual impairment assessment date for goodwill is October 31, at which date we assess goodwill at our reporting unit. In reviewing the criteria for reporting units, we have determined that we are one reporting unit.

2024 Goodwill Impairment Analysis

As of October 31, 2024, we performed our annual impairment analysis of the goodwill of our one above-mentioned reporting unit by using a qualitative assessment to determine whether it was more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit was less than its carrying value. Factors considered in the qualitative assessment included, among other things, macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, financial performance of the reporting unit and other relevant reporting unit considerations. We concluded the estimated fair value of our reporting unit was greater than our carrying value of equity as of our testing date. Therefore, we concluded no impairment existed as of our annual assessment date in the fourth quarter of 2024.
2023 Goodwill Impairment Analyses

As of October 31, 2023, we performed our annual impairment analysis of our reporting unit. Given the continued decline in Lumen's share price, we determined our quantitative impairment analysis would estimate the fair value of our reporting unit using only the market approach. Applying this approach, we utilized company comparisons and analyst reports within the telecommunications industry which supported a range of fair values derived from annualized revenue and earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") multiples between 1.5x and 3.5x and 4.8x and 8.4x, respectively. We selected a revenue multiple within and an EBITDA multiple below these comparable market multiples. Based on our assessment performed, we concluded that the estimated fair value of our reporting unit was less than their carrying value of equity at October 31, 2023. As a result, we recorded a non-cash, non-tax-deductible goodwill impairment charge of $2.4 billion on October 31, 2023.

During the second quarter of 2023, the Company determined circumstances existed indicating it was more likely than not that the carrying value of our reporting unit exceeded its fair value. Given the continued erosion in Lumen's market capitalization, we determined our quantitative impairment analysis would estimate the fair value of our reporting unit using only the market approach. Applying this approach, we utilized company comparisons and analyst reports within the telecommunications industry which supported a range of fair values derived from annualized revenue and EBITDA multiples between 1.5x and 4.3x and 4.6x and 10.5x, respectively. We selected a revenue multiple within and an EBITDA multiple below these comparable market multiples. Based on our assessment performed, the estimated fair value of our equity exceeded our carrying value of equity by approximately 11% at June 30, 2023. We concluded that goodwill was not impaired as of June 30, 2023.

The market approach that we used incorporated estimates and assumptions related to the forecasted results for the remainder of the year, including revenues, expenses, and the achievement of certain strategic initiatives. In developing the market multiples, we considered observed trends of our industry participants. Our assessment included many factors that required significant judgment. Alternative interpretations of these factors could have resulted in different conclusions.

2022 Goodwill Impairment Analysis

At October 31, 2022, we estimated the fair value of equity by considering both a market approach and a discounted cash flow method. The market approach method includes the use of comparable multiples of publicly traded companies whose services are comparable to ours. The discounted cash flow method is based on the present value of projected cash flows and a terminal value, equal to the present value of all normalized cash flows after the projection period. Based on our assessment performed, the estimated fair value of our equity exceeded our carrying value of equity by approximately 24% at October 31, 2022. We concluded that goodwill was not impaired as of October 31, 2022.

Our fair value estimates for evaluating goodwill incorporated significant judgments and assumptions including forecast revenues and expenses, cost of capital, and control premiums. In developing market multiples, we also considered observed trends of our industry participants and other qualitative factors that required significant judgment. Alternative estimates, judgments, and interpretations of these factors could have resulted in different conclusions regarding the need for an impairment charge.

The following table shows the rollforward of goodwill from December 31, 2022 through December 31, 2024:

(Dollars in millions)
As of December 31, 2022
$9,360 
Impairment(2,405)
As of December 31, 2023(1)
6,955 
As of December 31, 2024(1)
$6,955 
______________________________________________________________________
(1)Goodwill at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is net of accumulated impairment losses of $2.4 billion.
We annually review the estimated lives and methods used to amortize our other intangible assets. The actual amounts of amortization expense may differ materially from our estimates, depending on the results of our annual reviews. As of December 31, 2024, the weighted average remaining useful life was three years for capitalized software.

Total amortization expense for intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $41 million, $67 million and $79 million, respectively.

We estimate that future total amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets will be as follows:

(Dollars in millions)
2025$27 
202617 
202713 
202810 
2029
2030 and thereafter
11 
Total finite-lived intangible assets future amortization expense
$84 
v3.25.0.1
Revenue Recognition
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue Recognition
Note 3—Revenue Recognition

We categorize our revenue derived from our operations serving our Mass Markets customers, primarily within the first three categories listed below, and our revenue derived from our operations servicing our Business customers, primarily in the 'Harvest', 'Nurture' and 'Grow' categories listed below:
Other Broadband, under which we provide primarily lower speed broadband services to residential and small business customers utilizing our copper-based network infrastructure;

Voice and Other, under which we derive revenues from (i) providing local and long-distance services, professional services, and other ancillary services, (ii) federal broadband and state support payments, and (iii) equipment, IT solutions and other services;

Fiber Broadband, under which we provide high speed broadband services to residential and small business customers utilizing our fiber-based network infrastructure;

Harvest, which includes our legacy services managed for cash flow, including Time Division Multiplexing voice and private line services;

Nurture, which includes our more mature offerings, including primarily ethernet;

Grow, which includes existing and emerging products and services in which we are significantly investing, including our dark fiber and wavelengths services; and

Affiliate Services, which are (i) communications services that we provide to our affiliates and also provide to external customers and (ii) application development and support services that we provide to our affiliates, as described further in Note 14—Affiliate Transactions.
Reconciliation of Total Revenue to Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The following tables provide our total revenue by product and service category as well as the amount of revenue that is not subject to ASC 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" ("ASC 606"), but is instead governed by other accounting standards:
 Year Ended December 31, 2024
Total Revenue
Adjustments for Non-ASC 606 Revenue(1)
Total Revenue from Contracts with Customers
 (Dollars in millions)
Other Broadband$932 (79)853 
Voice and Other521 (14)507 
Fiber Broadband377 (12)365 
Harvest939 (118)821 
Nurture357 (8)349 
Grow133 (6)127 
Affiliate Services2,249 (48)2,201 
Total revenue$5,508 (285)5,223 
Timing of revenue
Goods and services transferred at a point in time$13 
Services performed over time5,210 
Total revenue from contracts with customers$5,223 

 Year Ended December 31, 2023
Total Revenue
Adjustments for Non-ASC 606 Revenue(1)
Total Revenue from Contracts with Customers
 (Dollars in millions)
Other Broadband$1,111 (95)1,016 
Voice and Other589 (16)573 
Fiber Broadband473 (12)461 
Harvest1,047 (139)908 
Nurture393 (8)385 
Grow143 — 143 
Affiliate Services2,159 (45)2,114 
Total revenue$5,915 (315)5,600 
Timing of revenue
Goods and services transferred at a point in time$23 
Services performed over time5,577 
Total revenue from contracts with customers$5,600 
 Year Ended December 31, 2022
Total Revenue
Adjustments for Non-ASC 606 Revenue(1)
Total Revenue from Contracts with Customers
 (Dollars in millions)
Other Broadband$1,275 (106)1,169 
Voice and Other691 (31)660 
Fiber Broadband462 (12)450 
Harvest1,134 (161)973 
Nurture435 (9)426 
Grow158 (9)149 
Affiliate Services2,294 (45)2,249 
Total revenue$6,449 (373)6,076 
Timing of revenue
Goods and services transferred at a point in time$28 
Services performed over time6,048 
Total revenue from contracts with customers$6,076 
_______________________________________________________________________________
(1)Includes regulatory revenue and lease revenue not within the scope of ASC 606.

We do not have any single external customer that comprises more than 10% of our total consolidated operating revenue. Substantially all of our consolidated revenue comes from customers located in the United States.

Customer Receivables and Contract Balances

The following table provides balances of customer receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities:

As of December 31,
20242023
 (Dollars in millions)
Customer receivables, less allowance of $23 million and $29 million
$205 210 
Contract assets— 
Contract liabilities244 269 

Contract liabilities consist of consideration we have received from our customers or billed in advance of providing goods or services promised in the future. We defer recognizing this consideration as revenue until we have satisfied the related performance obligation to the customer. Contract liabilities include recurring services billed one month in advance and installation and maintenance charges that are deferred and recognized over the actual or expected contract term, which ranges from one to five years depending on the service. Contract liabilities are included within deferred revenue in our consolidated balance sheets. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we recognized $175 million and $169 million, respectively, of revenue that was included in contract liabilities of $269 million and $343 million as of January 1, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Performance Obligations

As of December 31, 2024, we expect to recognize approximately $2.2 billion of revenue in the future related to performance obligations associated with existing customer contracts that are partially or wholly unsatisfied. As of December 31, 2024, the transaction price related to unsatisfied performance obligations that are expected to be recognized in 2025, 2026 and thereafter was $944 million, $832 million, and $452 million, respectively.
These amounts exclude (i) the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed (for example, uncommitted usage or non-recurring charges associated with professional or technical services to be completed), and (ii) contracts that are classified as leasing arrangements that are not subject to ASC 606.

Contract Costs

The following tables provide changes in our contract acquisition costs and fulfillment costs:

Year Ended December 31, 2024
Acquisition CostsFulfillment Costs
 (Dollars in millions)
Beginning of period balance$58 46 
Costs incurred32 34 
Amortization(39)(34)
End of period balance$51 46 

Year Ended December 31, 2023
Acquisition CostsFulfillment Costs
 (Dollars in millions)
Beginning of period balance$61 46 
Costs incurred43 38 
Amortization(46)(38)
End of period balance$58 46 

Acquisition costs include commission fees paid to employees as a result of obtaining contracts. Fulfillment costs include third party and internal costs associated with the provision, installation and activation of communications services to customers, including labor and materials consumed for these activities.

We amortize deferred acquisition and fulfillment costs based on the transfer of services on a straight-line basis over the average contract life of 50 months for Mass Markets customers and average contract life of 35 months for Business customers. We include amortized fulfillment costs in cost of services and products and amortized acquisition costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. We include the amount of these deferred costs that are anticipated to be amortized in the next 12 months in other current assets on our consolidated balance sheets. We include the amount of deferred costs expected to be amortized beyond the next 12 months in other non-current assets on our consolidated balance sheets. We assess deferred acquisition and fulfillment costs for impairment on a quarterly basis.
Governmental Funding

Lumen participates in various U.S. federal and state programs under which government support payments are received to offset costs associated with providing services in targeted locations such as unserved or underserved high-cost or rural areas, or for certain types of customers, including non-profit organizations, educational institutions and local governmental bodies. In certain instances, support payments are conditioned on specified infrastructure buildouts by milestone deadlines or provision of services at specified locations and speed requirements. Commitments may be made annually, on a multi-year basis ranging from one to 10 years or be on-going subject to periodic change or termination. Consistent with customary practice and as referenced in ASC 832 Government Assistance, Lumen applies a grant model of accounting by which it accounts for these transactions as non-ASC 606 revenue over the periods in which the costs for which the funding is intended to compensate are incurred. This non-ASC 606 revenue is included in operating revenue in our consolidated statements of operations. Corresponding receivables are recorded when services have been provided to the customers and costs incurred, but the cash has not been received. These amounts are included in our accounts receivable, less allowance in our consolidated balance sheets. Certain programs are subject to audits of compliance with program commitments and, subject to the outcomes of those assessments, Lumen may be required to reimburse the government entity for cash previously received, or, in some cases, pay a penalty. Lumen evaluates each program and establishes a liability under the principles of ASC 450 if it is probable support payments will be recaptured or a penalty will be imposed.

For the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we recorded non-customer revenue of $31 million and $36 million, respectively, under government assistance programs, of which 29% and 24%, respectively, was associated with state universal service fund support programs.

Between 2015 and 2021, Lumen received approximately $500 million annually through the Federal Communications Commission (the "FCC")'s Connect America Fund II ("CAF II"), a program that ended on December 31, 2021. Our share of this CAF II funding was approximately $145 million annually. In connection with the CAF II funding, we were required to meet certain specified infrastructure buildout requirements in 13 states by the end of 2021, which required substantial capital expenditures. In the first quarter of 2022, we recognized $13 million of previously deferred revenue related to the conclusion of the CAF II program based upon our final buildout and filing submissions. The government has the right to audit our compliance with the CAF II program and the ultimate outcome of any remaining examinations is unknown, but could result in a liability to us in excess of our accruals established for these matters.

In early 2020, the FCC created the Rural Digital Opportunity Fund (the “RDOF”) program, a federal support program designed to fund broadband deployment in rural America. For the first phase of this program, RDOF Phase I, the FCC ultimately awarded $6.4 billion in support payments to be paid in equal monthly installments over 10 years. In the third quarter of 2024, we relinquished rights to develop certain RDOF census blocks in four states, which resulted in (i) a reduction of our anticipated RDOF Phase I support payments and (ii) an expectation of payment to the federal government. These impacts are expected to be immaterial.
We participate in multiple state sponsored programs for broadband deployment in unserved and underserved areas for which the states have state universal service funds sourced from fees levied on telecommunications providers and passed on to consumers. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we participated in these types of programs primarily in the states of Nebraska and New Mexico. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we participated in these types of programs primarily in the states of Nebraska, New Mexico, and Minnesota
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Leases
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]  
Leases
Note 4—Leases

We primarily lease various office facilities, colocation facilities and equipment to or from third parties. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on our consolidated balance sheets; we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception and whether that lease meets the classification criteria of a finance or operating lease at the commencement date. Lease-related assets, or right-of-use assets, are recognized at the lease commencement date at amounts equal to the respective lease liabilities. Lease-related liabilities are recognized at the present value of the remaining contractual fixed lease payments, discounted using our incremental borrowing rates. As part of the present value calculation for the lease liabilities, we use an incremental borrowing rate as the rates implicit in the leases are not readily determinable. The incremental borrowing rates used for lease accounting are based on our unsecured rates, adjusted to approximate the rates at which we could borrow on a collateralized basis over a term similar to the recognized lease term. We apply the incremental borrowing rates to lease components using a portfolio approach based upon the length of the lease term and the reporting entity in which the lease resides. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, while variable lease payments are expensed as incurred. Operating lease assets are included in Other, net under goodwill and other assets on our consolidated balance sheets. Current operating lease liabilities are included in Other under accrued expenses and other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. Noncurrent operating lease liabilities are included in Other under deferred credits and other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.

Some of our lease arrangements contain lease components, non-lease components (including common-area maintenance costs) and executory costs (including real estate taxes and insurance costs). We generally account for each component separately based on the estimated standalone price of each component. For colocation leases, we account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

Many of our lease agreements contain renewal options; however, we do not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for renewal periods unless we determine that we are reasonably certain of renewing the lease. Certain leases also include options to purchase the leased property. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised. Our lease agreements do not generally contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

Lease expense consisted of the following:

Years Ended December 31,
202420232022
(Dollars in millions)
Operating and short-term lease cost$23 26 25 
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets
Total finance lease cost
Total lease cost$24 27 26 

We lease various equipment, office facilities, retail outlets, and other network sites from third parties. These leases, with few exceptions, provide for renewal options and escalations that are either fixed or based on the consumer price index. Any rent abatements, along with rent escalations, are included in the computation of rent expense calculated on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The lease term for most leases includes the initial non-cancelable term plus any term under renewal options that are reasonably assured.

For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, our gross rental expense was $24 million, $27 million and $26 million, respectively. We also received sublease rental income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 of $9 million, $8 million and $9 million, respectively.
Supplemental consolidated balance sheet information and other information related to leases is included below:
As of December 31,
Leases (Dollars in millions)Classification on the Balance Sheet20242023
Assets
Operating lease assetsOther, net$64 65 
Finance lease assetsProperty, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation
Total leased assets$70 72 
Liabilities
Current
OperatingOther$15 20 
FinanceCurrent maturities of long-term debt— 
Noncurrent
OperatingOther49 47 
FinanceLong-term debt
Total lease liabilities$67 71 
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)
Operating leases5.44.9
Finance leases8.47.7
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases10.52 %4.83 %
Finance leases5.05 %5.89 %

Supplemental consolidated cash flow statement information related to leases is included below:
Years Ended December 31,
20242023
(Dollars in millions)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for operating leases$24 35 
Financing cash flows for finance leases
Supplemental lease cash flow disclosures
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities$20 15 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities— 
As of December 31, 2024, maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:
Operating LeasesFinance Leases
(Dollars in millions)
2025$20 
202617 
202715 
202811 — 
2029— 
Thereafter14 
Total lease payments84 
Less: interest(20)(1)
Total64 
Less: current portion(15)— 
Long-term portion$49 

As of December 31, 2024, we had no material operating or finance leases that had not yet commenced.

Operating Lease Revenue

We lease various data transmission capacity, office facilities, switching facilities and other network sites to third parties under operating leases. Lease and sublease income are included in operating revenue in the consolidated statements of operations. See "Revenue Recognition" in Note 1—Background and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, our gross rental income was $273 million, $304 million and $346 million, respectively which represents 5% of our operating revenue for each of the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Leases
Note 4—Leases

We primarily lease various office facilities, colocation facilities and equipment to or from third parties. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on our consolidated balance sheets; we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception and whether that lease meets the classification criteria of a finance or operating lease at the commencement date. Lease-related assets, or right-of-use assets, are recognized at the lease commencement date at amounts equal to the respective lease liabilities. Lease-related liabilities are recognized at the present value of the remaining contractual fixed lease payments, discounted using our incremental borrowing rates. As part of the present value calculation for the lease liabilities, we use an incremental borrowing rate as the rates implicit in the leases are not readily determinable. The incremental borrowing rates used for lease accounting are based on our unsecured rates, adjusted to approximate the rates at which we could borrow on a collateralized basis over a term similar to the recognized lease term. We apply the incremental borrowing rates to lease components using a portfolio approach based upon the length of the lease term and the reporting entity in which the lease resides. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, while variable lease payments are expensed as incurred. Operating lease assets are included in Other, net under goodwill and other assets on our consolidated balance sheets. Current operating lease liabilities are included in Other under accrued expenses and other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. Noncurrent operating lease liabilities are included in Other under deferred credits and other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.

Some of our lease arrangements contain lease components, non-lease components (including common-area maintenance costs) and executory costs (including real estate taxes and insurance costs). We generally account for each component separately based on the estimated standalone price of each component. For colocation leases, we account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

Many of our lease agreements contain renewal options; however, we do not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for renewal periods unless we determine that we are reasonably certain of renewing the lease. Certain leases also include options to purchase the leased property. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised. Our lease agreements do not generally contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

Lease expense consisted of the following:

Years Ended December 31,
202420232022
(Dollars in millions)
Operating and short-term lease cost$23 26 25 
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets
Total finance lease cost
Total lease cost$24 27 26 

We lease various equipment, office facilities, retail outlets, and other network sites from third parties. These leases, with few exceptions, provide for renewal options and escalations that are either fixed or based on the consumer price index. Any rent abatements, along with rent escalations, are included in the computation of rent expense calculated on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The lease term for most leases includes the initial non-cancelable term plus any term under renewal options that are reasonably assured.

For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, our gross rental expense was $24 million, $27 million and $26 million, respectively. We also received sublease rental income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 of $9 million, $8 million and $9 million, respectively.
Supplemental consolidated balance sheet information and other information related to leases is included below:
As of December 31,
Leases (Dollars in millions)Classification on the Balance Sheet20242023
Assets
Operating lease assetsOther, net$64 65 
Finance lease assetsProperty, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation
Total leased assets$70 72 
Liabilities
Current
OperatingOther$15 20 
FinanceCurrent maturities of long-term debt— 
Noncurrent
OperatingOther49 47 
FinanceLong-term debt
Total lease liabilities$67 71 
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)
Operating leases5.44.9
Finance leases8.47.7
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases10.52 %4.83 %
Finance leases5.05 %5.89 %

Supplemental consolidated cash flow statement information related to leases is included below:
Years Ended December 31,
20242023
(Dollars in millions)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for operating leases$24 35 
Financing cash flows for finance leases
Supplemental lease cash flow disclosures
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities$20 15 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities— 
As of December 31, 2024, maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:
Operating LeasesFinance Leases
(Dollars in millions)
2025$20 
202617 
202715 
202811 — 
2029— 
Thereafter14 
Total lease payments84 
Less: interest(20)(1)
Total64 
Less: current portion(15)— 
Long-term portion$49 

As of December 31, 2024, we had no material operating or finance leases that had not yet commenced.

Operating Lease Revenue

We lease various data transmission capacity, office facilities, switching facilities and other network sites to third parties under operating leases. Lease and sublease income are included in operating revenue in the consolidated statements of operations. See "Revenue Recognition" in Note 1—Background and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, our gross rental income was $273 million, $304 million and $346 million, respectively which represents 5% of our operating revenue for each of the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
v3.25.0.1
Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Credit Loss [Abstract]  
Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
Note 5—Credit Losses on Financial Instruments

To assess our expected credit losses on financial instruments, we aggregate financial assets with similar risk characteristics to monitor their credit quality or deterioration over the life of such assets. We periodically monitor certain risk characteristics within our aggregated financial assets and revise their composition accordingly, to the extent internal and external risk factors change. We separately evaluate financial assets that do not share risk characteristics with other financial assets. Our financial assets measured at amortized cost primarily consist of accounts receivable.

We use a loss rate method to estimate our allowance for credit losses. Our determination of the current expected credit loss rate begins with our review of historical loss experience as a percentage of accounts receivable. We measure our historical loss period based on the average days to recognize accounts receivable as credit losses. When asset specific characteristics and current conditions change from those in the historical period, due to changes in our credit and collections strategy, certain classes of aged balances, or credit loss and recovery policies, we perform a qualitative and quantitative assessment to adjust our historical loss rate. We use regression analysis to develop an expected loss rate using historical experience and economic data over a forecast period. We measure our forecast period based on the average days to collect payment on billed accounts receivable. To determine our current allowance for credit losses, we combine the historical and expected credit loss rates and apply them to our period end accounts receivable.

If there is an unexpected deterioration of a customer's financial condition or an unexpected change in economic conditions, including macroeconomic events, we assess the need to adjust the allowance for credit losses. Any such resulting adjustments would affect earnings in the period that adjustments are made.
The assessment of the correlation between historical observed default rates, current conditions and forecasted economic conditions requires judgment. Alternative interpretations of these factors could have resulted in different conclusions regarding our allowance for credit losses. The amount of credit loss is sensitive to changes in circumstances and forecasted economic conditions. Our historical credit loss experience, current conditions and forecast of economic conditions may also not be representative of the customers' actual default experience in the future, and we may use methodologies that differ from those used by other companies.

The following table presents the activity of our allowance for credit losses by accounts receivable portfolio:
BusinessMass MarketsTotal
(Dollars in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2021
$19 19 38 
Provision for expected losses13 47 60 
Write-offs charged against the allowance(14)(50)(64)
Recoveries collected— 
Balance at December 31, 2022
20 16 36 
Provision for expected losses20 46 66 
Write-offs charged against the allowance(26)(43)(69)
Recoveries collected— 
Balance at December 31, 2023
14 20 34 
Provision for expected losses36 45 
Write-offs charged against the allowance(10)(42)(52)
Recoveries collected— 
Balance at December 31, 2024
$13 16 29 
v3.25.0.1
Long-Term Debt and Note Payable - Affiliate
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Long-Term Debt and Revolving Promissory Note
Note 6—Long-Term Debt and Note Payable - Affiliate

The following chart reflects (i) the consolidated long-term debt of Qwest Corporation and its subsidiaries, including finance lease and other obligations, unamortized premiums, net, unamortized debt issuance costs and (ii) note payable-affiliate:

As of December 31,
Interest Rates (1)
Maturities (1)
20242023
(Dollars in millions)
Senior notes
6.500% - 7.750%
2025 - 2057
$1,973 1,986 
Former term loan(2)
N/A
N/A
— 215 
Finance lease and otherVariousVarious
Unamortized premiums, net
Unamortized debt issuance costs(50)(52)
Total long-term debt1,927 2,157 
Less current maturities(239)(1)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities$1,688 2,156 
_______________________________________________________________________________
N/A - Not applicable
(1) As of December 31, 2024.
(2) Qwest Corporation's Term Loan was due in 2027 and had an interest rate of 7.970% as of December 31, 2023, prior to being cancelled on the TSA Effective Date (as defined below).
Long-Term Debt Maturities

Set forth below is the aggregate principal amount of our long-term debt as of December 31, 2024 (excluding unamortized premiums, net, unamortized debt issuance costs) maturing during the following years:

(Dollars in millions)
2025$239 
2026
2027
2028— 
2029— 
2030 and thereafter1,735 
Total long-term debt$1,976 

2024 Debt Transactions

Transaction Support Agreement Transactions

On March 22, 2024 (the "TSA Effective Date"), Lumen Technologies, Level 3 Financing, Qwest Corporation and a group of creditors holding a majority of our consolidated debt completed transactions contemplated under the amended and restated transaction support agreement ("TSA") that such parties entered into on January 22, 2024 (the "TSA Transactions"), including (i) the repayment of our term loan maturing 2027 and (ii) the termination, repayment or exchange of previous commitments and debt of our affiliates and the issuance of new term loan facilities, notes, and revolving credit facilities by our affiliates.

Repurchases of Outstanding Notes

During 2024, we repurchased approximately $13 million aggregate principal amount of our senior notes maturing in 2025. These transactions resulted in an immaterial net loss which was recognized in Other income, net in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Qwest Guarantees of Lumen Debt

Lumen’s obligations under its new credit agreements entered into on March 22, 2024 and its new superpriority secured senior notes issued on and after March 22, 2024 are unsecured, but Qwest Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries have provided an unconditional unsecured guarantee of payment of Lumen’s obligations under these agreements and senior notes.

Note Payable - Affiliate

On June 30, 2022, Qwest Corporation entered into an amended and restated revolving promissory note ("Note Payable - Affiliate") with an affiliate of our ultimate parent company, Lumen Technologies, Inc. ("Lender"), that replaces the previous revolving promissory agreement that was scheduled to mature on June 30, 2022 ("Prior Note Payable - Affiliate"). The Note Payable - Affiliate, as amended, enables Qwest Corporation to borrow from Lumen up to $2.0 billion. Any outstanding principal balance owed by Qwest Corporation under the Note Payable - Affiliate and the accrued interest thereon is due and payable on demand, but if no demand is made, then on the maturity date. The Note Payable - Affiliate has an initial maturity date of June 30, 2027, but will automatically renew for an unlimited number of successive 12-month periods unless the Lender provides notice of its intent not to renew at least 30 days prior to the initial maturity date or each subsequent maturity date.

In accordance with the terms of the amended Note Payable - Affiliate, interest is assessed every six months ending on June 30th and December 31st (an "Interest Period") and is payable within 30 days of the end of the respective Interest Period. Interest is accrued on the outstanding principal balance during the respective Interest Period using a weighted average per annum interest rate on the consolidated outstanding debt of Lumen Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
On September 30, 2022, Qwest Corporation repaid the outstanding principal and interest on the Note Payable - Affiliate of approximately $1.2 billion and $43 million, respectively. Since such payment, Qwest Corporation has not owed any amounts under the Note Payable - Affiliate.

Interest Expense

Interest expense includes interest on total long-term debt. The following table presents the amount of gross interest expense, net of capitalized interest and interest expense-affiliates, net:

Years Ended December 31,
202420232022
(Dollars in millions)
Interest expense:
Gross interest expense$137 149 141 
Capitalized interest(75)(54)(29)
Total interest expense$62 95 112 
Interest (income) expense-affiliates, net
$(24)(15)60 

Covenants

The senior notes of Qwest Corporation were issued under indentures dated April 15, 1990 and October 15, 1999. These indentures contain restrictions on the incurrence of liens and the consummation of certain transactions substantially similar to the above-described covenants in the indentures governing Lumen’s senior unsecured notes (but contain no mandatory repurchase provisions). The senior notes of Qwest Capital Funding, Inc. were issued under an indenture dated June 29, 1998 containing terms substantially similar to those set forth in Qwest Corporation's indentures.

None of our long-term debt is secured or guaranteed by other companies.

Compliance

As of December 31, 2024, we believe we were in compliance with the financial covenants contained in our material debt agreements in all material respects.
v3.25.0.1
Accounts Receivable
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Receivables [Abstract]  
Accounts Receivable
Note 7—Accounts Receivable
The following table presents details of our accounts receivable balances:

As of December 31,
2024
2023
(Dollars in millions)
Trade and purchased receivables$295 287 
Earned and unbilled (credits) receivables
(67)(15)
Other28 23 
Total accounts receivable256 295 
Less: allowance for credit losses(29)(34)
Accounts receivable, less allowance$227 261 

We are exposed to concentrations of credit risk from our customers. We generally do not require collateral to secure our receivable balances. We have agreements with other telecommunications service providers whereby we agree to bill and collect on their behalf for services rendered by those providers to our customers within our local service area. We purchase accounts receivable from other telecommunications service providers primarily on a recourse basis and include these amounts in our accounts receivable balance. We have not experienced any significant loss associated with these purchased receivables.
v3.25.0.1
Property, Plant and Equipment
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Property, Plant and Equipment
Note 8—Property, Plant and Equipment

Net property, plant and equipment is composed of the following:

Depreciable
Lives
As of December 31,
20242023
(Dollars in millions)
Property, plant and equipment:
LandN/A$329 334 
Fiber, conduit and other outside plant(1)
15-45 years
8,246 7,126 
Central office and other network electronics(2)
7-10 years
5,792 5,488 
Support assets(3)
3-30 years
2,878 2,845 
Construction in progress(4)
N/A530 1,146 
Gross property, plant and equipment17,775 16,939 
Accumulated depreciation(8,910)(8,239)
Net property, plant and equipment$8,865 8,700 
_______________________________________________________________________________
(1)Fiber, conduit and other outside plant consists of fiber and metallic cable, conduit, poles and other supporting structures.
(2)Central office and other network electronics consists of circuit and packet switches, routers, transmission electronics and electronics providing service to customers.
(3)Support assets consist of buildings, computers and other administrative and support equipment.
(4)Construction in progress includes inventory held for construction and property of the aforementioned categories that has not been placed in service as it is still under construction.

We recorded depreciation expense of $712 million, $756 million and $781 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
v3.25.0.1
Severance
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Severance
Note 9—Severance

Periodically, we reduce our workforce and accrue liabilities for the related severance costs. These workforce reductions result primarily from the progression or completion of our post-acquisition integration plans, increased competitive pressures, cost reduction initiatives, process improvements through automation and reduced workloads due to reduced demand for certain services.

During April 2024, we reduced our workforce by approximately 3% as a part of our efforts to change our workforce composition to reflect our ongoing transformation and cost reduction opportunities that align with our shapeshifting and focus on our strategic priorities. As a result of this plan, we incurred severance and related costs of approximately $25 million. We have not incurred, and do not expect to incur, material impairment or exit costs related to this workforce reduction.

Changes in our accrued liabilities for severance expenses were as follows:

Years Ended December 31,
20242023

(Dollars in millions)
Balance at beginning of period$$
Accrued to expense32 17 
Payments, net(29)(19)
Balance at end of period$$
v3.25.0.1
Employee Benefits
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Employee Benefits
Note 10—Employee Benefits

Pension and Post-Retirement Benefits

QCII's post-retirement benefit plans were merged into Lumen's post-retirement benefit plans on January 1, 2012, and on December 31, 2014, QCII's qualified pension plan and a pension plan of an affiliate were merged into the CenturyLink Retirement Plan, which is now named the Lumen Combined Pension Plan (the "LCPP"). Based on current laws and circumstances, (i) Lumen Technologies was not required to make a cash contribution to the LCPP in 2024 and (ii) Lumen Technologies does not expect it will be required to make a contribution in 2025. The amount of required contributions to the LCPP in 2025 and beyond will depend on earnings on plan investments, prevailing discount rates, demographic experience, changes in plan benefits and changes in funding laws and regulations. Lumen Technologies occasionally makes voluntary contributions in addition to required contributions. Lumen Technologies made a voluntary contribution of $170 million to the LCPP in 2024. Lumen Technologies did not make a voluntary contribution to the LCPP in 2023.

The unfunded status of Lumen's qualified and non-qualified pension plans for accounting purposes was approximately $645 million and $769 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, which includes the merged QCII qualified pension plan. The unfunded status of Lumen's post-retirement benefit plans for accounting purposes was $1.7 billion and $1.9 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Lumen Technologies allocates current service costs to subsidiaries relative to employees who are currently earning benefits under the pension and post-retirement benefit plans. The net cost allocated to us is paid on a monthly basis through Lumen's intercompany cash management process.

The affiliate obligations, net in current and noncurrent liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets primarily represents the cumulative allocation of expense, net of payments, associated with QCII's pension plans and post-retirement benefits plans prior to the plan mergers. In 2015, we agreed to a plan to settle the outstanding pension and post-retirement affiliate obligations, net balance with QCII over a 30 year term. Under the plan, payments are scheduled to be made on a monthly basis. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we made settlement payments in the aggregate of $52 million and $57 million, respectively, to QCII under the plan. Changes in the affiliate obligations, net are reflected in operating activities on our consolidated statements of cash flows.

We are allocated a portion of Lumen's pension and post-retirement services costs. The combined net pension and post-retirement service costs is included in cost of services and products and selling, general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statement of operations, in the amounts for the respective periods presented in the table below:

Years Ended December 31,
20242023
2022

(Dollars in millions)
Allocated pension service costs$20 22 31 
Allocated post-retirement service costs
% of Lumen's total pension and post-retirement service costs86 %87 %72 %

Lumen Technologies sponsors a noncontributory qualified defined benefit pension plan that covers certain participants. The LCPP also provides survivor and disability benefits to certain participants. In November 2009, and prior to the plan merger, the pension plan was amended to no longer provide pension benefit accruals for active non-represented employees after December 31, 2009. In addition, non-represented employees hired after January 1, 2009 are not eligible to participate in the plans. Active non-represented employees who participate in these plans retain their accrued pension benefit earned as of December 31, 2009 and certain participants will continue to earn interest credits on their benefit after December 31, 2009. Employees are eligible to receive their vested accrued benefit when they separate from Lumen Technologies. The plans also provided a death benefit for eligible beneficiaries of certain retirees; however, the plan was amended to eliminate this benefit effective March 1, 2010 for retirees who retired prior to January 1, 2004 and whose deaths occur after February 28, 2010 and eliminate the death benefit for eligible beneficiaries of certain retirees who retired after December 31, 2003.
Lumen Technologies maintains post-retirement benefit plans that provide health care and life insurance benefits primarily for certain eligible retirees. The QCII post-retirement benefit plans were merged into Lumen's post-retirement benefit plans on January 1, 2012. The benefit obligation for the occupational health care and life insurance post-retirement plans is estimated based on the terms of benefit plans. In calculating this obligation, Lumen Technologies considers numerous assumptions, estimates and judgments, including but not limited to, discount rates, health care cost trend rates and plan amendments. Effective January 1, 2024, new represented employees are not eligible for benefits as a result of new collective bargaining agreements. New non-represented employees are also not eligible for benefits under the plan.

The terms of the post-retirement health care and life insurance plans between Lumen Technologies and its eligible non-represented employees and its eligible post-1990 non-represented retirees are established by Lumen Technologies and are subject to change at its discretion. Lumen Technologies has a practice of sharing some of the cost of providing health care benefits with its non-represented employees and post-1990 non-represented retirees. The benefit obligation for the non-represented post-retirement health care benefits is based on the terms of the current written plan documents and is adjusted for anticipated continued cost sharing with non-represented employees and post-1990 non-represented retirees. However, Lumen's contribution under its post-1990 non-represented retirees' health care plan is capped at a specific dollar amount.

Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003

Lumen Technologies sponsors post-retirement health care plans with several benefit options that provide prescription drug benefits that Lumen Technologies deems actuarially equivalent to or exceeding Medicare Part D. Lumen Technologies recognizes the impact of the federal subsidy received under the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 in the calculation of its post-retirement benefit obligation and net periodic post-retirement benefit expense.

Other Benefit Plans

Health Care and Life Insurance

We provide health care and life insurance benefits to essentially all of our active employees. We are largely self-funded for the cost of the health care plan. Our health care benefit expense for current employees was $99 million, $101 million and $99 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Employees' group basic life insurance plans are fully insured and the premiums are paid by Lumen Technologies.

401(k) Plans

Lumen Technologies sponsors a qualified defined contribution plan covering substantially all of our employees. Under this plan, employees may contribute a percentage of their annual compensation up to certain maximums, as defined by the plan and by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS"). Currently, we match a percentage of our employees' contributions in cash. We recognized $25 million, $27 million and $27 million in expense related to this plan for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
v3.25.0.1
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Note 11—Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Our financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, advances to and from affiliates, accounts payable, note payable-affiliate and long-term debt, excluding finance lease and other obligations. Due to their short-term nature, the carrying amounts of our cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, advances to and from affiliates, accounts payable and note payable-affiliate approximate their fair values.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between independent and knowledgeable parties who are willing and able to transact for an asset or liability at the measurement date. We use valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value and then we rank the estimated values based on the reliability of the inputs using the below-described fair value hierarchy. We determined the fair values of our long-term debt, including the current portion, based on quoted market prices where available or, if not available, based on inputs other than quoted market prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable such as discounted future cash flows using current market interest rates.
The three input levels in the hierarchy of fair value measurements are defined by the FASB generally as follows:
Input LevelDescription of Input
Level 1Observable inputs such as quoted market prices in active markets.
Level 2Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable.
Level 3Unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists.

The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our financial liabilities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, as well as the input level used to determine the fair values indicated below:

As of December 31, 2024As of December 31, 2023
Input
Level
Carrying
Amount
Fair
Value
Carrying
Amount
Fair
Value
(Dollars in millions)
Liabilities-Long-term debt (excluding finance lease and other obligations)2$1,924 1,462 2,153 1,162 
v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Note 12—Income Taxes

The components of the income tax expense from continuing operations are as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
202420232022
(Dollars in millions)
Income tax expense:
Federal and foreign
Current$396 432 514 
Deferred34 19 
State and local
Current94 107 137 
Deferred14 
Income tax expense$527 561 671 

The effective income tax rate for continuing operations differs from the statutory tax rate as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
202420232022
(Percentage of pre-tax income (loss))
Effective income tax rate:
Federal statutory income tax rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State income taxes-net of federal effect3.7 %(31.3)%4.3 %
Goodwill impairment
— %(187.2)%— %
Change in liability for unrecognized tax position
1.5 %(8.9)%0.6 %
Other— %(1.4)%— %
Effective income tax rate26.2 %(207.8)%25.9 %

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, our effective income tax rate was 26.2% and (207.8)%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 includes a $505 million unfavorable aggregate impact of non-deductible goodwill impairment.
The tax effects of temporary differences that gave rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities were as follows:

As of December 31,
20242023
(Dollars in millions)
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property, plant and equipment$(1,524)(1,464)
Intangible assets(83)(95)
Other(40)(50)
Total deferred tax liabilities(1,647)(1,609)
Deferred tax assets:
Payable to affiliate due to post-retirement benefit plan participation312 292 
Other— 
Gross deferred tax assets313 292 
Net deferred tax assets313 292 
Net deferred tax liabilities$(1,334)(1,317)

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had no established valuation allowance based on our assessment of whether it is more likely than not that our deferred tax assets will be realized.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the $1.3 billion net deferred tax liabilities are included in long-term liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet.

With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2016. The Internal Revenue Service and state and local taxing authorities reserve the right to audit any period where net operating loss carryforwards are available.

A reconciliation of the change in our gross unrecognized tax benefits (excluding both interest and any related federal benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

Years ended December 31,
20242023
 (Dollars in millions)
Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of period$317 332 
Decrease due to tax positions taken in a prior year(11)(1)
Decrease due to tax positions taken in a current year(13)(14)
Unrecognized tax benefits at end of period$293 317 

As of December 31, 2024, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would impact the effective income tax rate is immaterial. The unrecognized tax benefits also includes tax positions that, if recognized, would result in adjustments to other tax accounts, primarily deferred taxes, that would not impact the effective tax rate but could impact cash tax amounts payable to taxing authorities.

Our policy is to reflect interest expense associated with unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. We had accrued interest (presented before related tax benefits) of approximately $160 million and $125 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Based on our current assessment of various factors, including (i) the potential outcomes of these ongoing examinations, (ii) the expiration of statute of limitations for specific jurisdictions, (iii) the negotiated settlement of certain disputed issues, and (iv) the administrative practices of applicable taxing jurisdictions, it is reasonably possible that the related unrecognized tax benefits for uncertain tax positions previously taken may not change in the next 12 months. The actual amount of changes, if any, will depend on future developments and events, many of which are outside our control.

We paid $497 million, $509 million, and $673 million related to income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

In August 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act was signed into law and which, among other things, implemented a corporate alternative minimum tax (“CAMT”) on adjusted financial statement income effective for tax periods occurring after December 31, 2022. The CAMT had no material impact on our financial results as of December 31, 2024. In addition, in 2021, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) issued Pillar Two model rules introducing a new global minimum corporate tax of 15% and the OECD and the majority of its participating countries continue to work toward the enactment of such tax. While the U.S. has not adopted Pillar Two legislation, various other governments around the world have enacted such legislation that is effective for tax periods after December 31, 2023. These global minimum tax rules have increased our administrative and compliance burdens, but the impact to our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024 was immaterial. We anticipate further legislative activity and administrative guidance throughout 2025 and continue to monitor evolving global tax legislation.
v3.25.0.1
Affiliate Transactions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]  
Affiliate Transactions
Note 13—Affiliate Transactions

We provide incumbent local exchange carrier telecommunications services to our affiliates that we also provide to external customers. We periodically review and update our prices for affiliate network services to align with regulated rates, where applicable, or competitive market-based rates charged to external customers, taking into consideration the average third party customer contract term those affiliate services pertain to. These services are billed directly to our affiliates and recognized as affiliate revenue on our consolidated statements of operations.

We also provide to our affiliates shared services in the form of application development and support services, as well as network support and technical services, and administrative and corporate support. In this regard, we function as a service company to other Lumen affiliates, and correspondingly recognize affiliate revenue based on the costs for the services that we provide to those affiliates.

Whenever possible, costs for shared services are incurred directly by our affiliates for the services they use. When these shared costs are not directly incurred, they are allocated among all affiliates based upon what we determine to be the most reasonable method, first using cost causative measures, or, if no cost causative measure is available, using a general allocator. From time to time, we may adjust the basis for allocating the costs of a shared service among affiliates. Any such changes in allocation methodologies are applied prospectively.

The following table provides details of affiliate revenue:

Years Ended December 31,
2024
2023
2022
 (Dollars in millions)
Direct affiliate revenue
$1,665 1,622 1,697 
Allocated affiliate revenue
584 537 597 
Total affiliate revenue
$2,249 2,159 2,294 
We also purchase services from our affiliates including telecommunication services, insurance, flight services and other support services such as legal, regulatory, finance administration and executive support. Our affiliates charge us for these services using the allocation methodology described above.
v3.25.0.1
Commitments, Contingencies and Other Items
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Commitments, Contingencies and Other Items
Note 14—Commitments, Contingencies and Other Items

We are subject to various claims, legal proceedings and other contingent liabilities, including the matters described below, which individually or in the aggregate could materially affect our financial condition, future results of operations or cash flows.

We review our litigation accrual liabilities on a quarterly basis, but in accordance with applicable accounting guidelines only establish accrual liabilities when losses are deemed probable and reasonably estimable and only revise previously established accrual liabilities when warranted by changes in circumstances, in each case based on then-available information. As such, as of any given date we could have exposure to losses under proceedings as to which no liability has been accrued or as to which the accrued liability is inadequate. Subject to these limitations, at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had accrued $17 million and $15 million, respectively, in the aggregate for our litigation and non-income tax contingencies, which are included in Other under Current Liabilities or Other under Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets as of such dates. We cannot at this time estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss, if any in excess of this $17 million accrual due to the inherent uncertainties and speculative nature of contested proceedings. The establishment of an accrual does not mean that actual funds have been set aside to satisfy a given contingency. Thus, the resolution of a particular contingency for the amount accrued could have no effect on our results of operations but nonetheless could have an adverse effect on our cash flows.

In this Note, a reference to a "putative" class action means a class has been alleged, but not certified, in that matter.

Principal Proceedings

Environmental Litigation

Parish of St. Mary. On July 9, 2024, a putative class action complaint was filed in the 16th Judicial District Court for the Parish of St. Mary, State of Louisiana, Case 138575 asserting claims on behalf of all parishes, municipalities, and citizens owning real properties in the State of Louisiana that have been affected by lead-sheathed telecommunications cables installed by AT&T and Lumen or their predecessors. The complaint seeks damages and injunctive relief under Louisiana state law. The case was removed to the United States District Court Western District of Louisiana Lafayette Division, Case 6:24-CV-01001-RRS-DJA. On December 6, 2024, the plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed the class action complaint without prejudice. On December 13, 2024, St. Mary’s Parish along with other parishes, municipalities, and two individuals served a notice of intent to file citizen suit under the Louisiana Environmental Quality Act, asserting claims identical to the class action which the plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed.

Blum. On November 6, 2023, a putative class action complaint was filed in the 16th Judicial District Court for the Parish of St. Mary, State of Louisiana, Case 137935 asserting claims on behalf of all citizens owning real properties in the State of Louisiana that have been affected by lead-sheathed telecommunications cables installed by AT&T, BellSouth, Verizon, and Lumen or their predecessors. The complaint seeks damages and injunctive relief under Louisiana state law. The case has been removed to Federal Court in the United States District Court Western District of Louisiana Lafayette Division, Case 6:23-CV-01748.

FCRA Litigation

In November 2014, a putative class action complaint captioned Bultemeyer v. CenturyLink, Inc. was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Arizona, Case CV-14-02530-PHX-SPL, alleging violations of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (the "FCRA"). In February 2017, the case was dismissed for lack of standing. The plaintiff appealed and the 9th Circuit reversed and remanded. Class certification was contested and ultimately granted in 2023. The 9th Circuit denied Lumen’s request to appeal the class certification ruling. A jury trial was conducted in September 2024. The jury found that CenturyLink willfully violated the FCRA and awarded each class member $500 for statutory damages and $2,000 for punitive damages. If the verdict is not set aside in connection with post-trial motion practice, Lumen will appeal to the 9th Circuit. We have not accrued a contingent liability for this matter. While liability is possible, we have not determined it to be probable, and damages exposure, if any, is uncertain.
Billing Practices Suits

In June 2017, a former employee of a Lumen Technologies subsidiary filed an employment lawsuit against Lumen Technologies (at the time named CenturyLink, Inc.) claiming that she was wrongfully terminated for alleging that Lumen charged some of its retail customers for products and services they did not authorize. Thereafter, based in part on the allegations made by the former employee, several legal proceedings were filed, including consumer class actions in federal and state courts, a series of securities investor class actions in federal courts, and several shareholder derivative actions in federal and Louisiana state courts. The derivative cases were brought on behalf of CenturyLink, Inc. against certain current and former officers and directors of the Company and seek damages for alleged breaches of fiduciary duties.

We have settled the consumer and securities investor class actions, and the derivative actions.

Qwest has engaged in discussions regarding related claims with a number of state attorneys general, and has entered into agreements settling certain of the consumer practices claims asserted by several state attorneys general.

Huawei Network Deployment Investigations

Qwest has received requests from the following federal agencies for information relating to the use of equipment manufactured by Huawei Technologies Company ("Huawei") in networks operated by Lumen and Qwest.

DOJ. Lumen has received a civil investigative demand from the U.S. Department of Justice in the course of a False Claims Act investigation alleging that Lumen Technologies, Inc. and Lumen Technologies Government Solutions, Inc. failed to comply with certain specified requirements in federal contracts concerning their use of Huawei equipment. 

FCC. The FCC’s Enforcement Bureau issued a Letter of Inquiry to Lumen Technologies, Inc. regarding its written certifications to the FCC that Lumen has complied with FCC rules governing the use of resources derived from the High Cost Program, Lifeline Program, Rural Health Care Program, E-Rate Program, Emergency Broadband Benefit Program, and the Affordable Connectivity Program. Under these programs federal, funds may not be used to facilitate the deployment or maintenance of equipment or services provided by Huawei, a company the FCC has determined poses a national security threat to the integrity of U.S. communications networks or the communications supply chain.

Team Telecom. The Committee for the Assessment of Foreign Participation in the United States Telecommunications Service Sector (comprised of the U.S. Attorney General, and the Secretaries of the Department of Homeland Security, and the Department of Defense), commonly referred to as Team Telecom, issued questions and requests for information relating to Lumen’s FCC licenses and its use of Huawei equipment.

Marshall Fire Litigation.

On December 30, 2021, a wildfire referred to as the Marshall Fire ignited near Boulder, Colorado. The Marshall Fire killed two people, and it burned thousands of acres, including entire neighborhoods. Approximately 300 lawsuits naming various defendants and asserting various claims for relief have been filed. To date, three of those name Qwest Corporation as being at fault: Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company, et al., v. Qwest Corp., et al., Case 2023-cv-3048, and Wallace, et al., v, Qwest Corp., et al., Case 2023-cv-30488, both of which have been consolidated with Kupfner, et al., v. Public Service Company of Colorado, et al. Case 2022-cv-30195. The consolidated proceeding is pending in Colorado District Court, Boulder, Colorado, Preliminary estimates of potential damage claims exceed $2 billion.
911 Surcharge

In June 2021, the Company was served with a complaint filed in the Santa Fe County District Court by Phone Recovery Services, LLC (“PRS”), acting on behalf of the State of New Mexico. The complaint claims Qwest Corporation and CenturyTel of the Southwest have violated the New Mexico Fraud Against Taxpayers Act since 2004 by failing to bill, collect and remit certain 911 surcharges from customers. Through pre-trial proceedings, the Court has narrowed the issues to be resolved by jury. On August 21, 2024, a jury decided the remaining issues, and consequently all claims asserted, in Lumen's favor. The plaintiff has filed a Notice of Appeal and Lumen submitted a cross-appeal as to the original motion to dismiss and motion for summary judgment.

Other Proceedings, Disputes and Contingencies

From time to time, we are involved in other proceedings incidental to our business, including patent infringement allegations, regulatory hearings relating primarily to our rates or services, actions relating to employee claims, tax issues, or environmental law issues, grievance hearings before labor regulatory agencies, miscellaneous third-party tort actions or commercial disputes.

We are currently defending several patent infringement lawsuits asserted against us by non-practicing entities, which are seeking substantial recoveries. These cases have progressed to various stages and one or more may go to trial within the next twelve months if they are not otherwise resolved. Where applicable, we are seeking full or partial indemnification from our vendors and suppliers.

We are subject to various federal, state and local environmental protection and health and safety laws. From time to time, we are subject to judicial and administrative proceedings brought by various governmental authorities under these laws. Several such proceedings are currently pending, but none is reasonably expected to exceed $300,000 in fines and penalties. In addition, in the past we acquired companies that had installed lead-sheathed cables several decades earlier, or had operated certain manufacturing companies in the first part of the 1900s. Under applicable environmental laws, we could be named as a potentially responsible party for a share of the remediation of environmental conditions arising from the historical operations of our predecessors.

The outcomes of these other proceedings described under this heading are not predictable. However, based on current circumstances, we do not believe that the ultimate resolution of these other proceedings, after considering available defenses and any insurance coverage or indemnification rights, will have a material adverse effect on us.

The matters listed in this Note do not reflect all of our contingencies. The ultimate outcome of the above-described matters may differ materially from the outcomes anticipated, estimated, projected or implied by us in certain of our statements appearing above in this Note, and proceedings we currently consider immaterial may ultimately affect us materially.

Right-of-Way

At December 31, 2024, our future rental commitments and Right-of-Way ("ROW") agreements were as follows:

(Dollars in millions)
2025$29 
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030 and thereafter43 
Total future minimum payments
$94 
Purchase Commitments

We have several commitments to a variety of vendors for services to be used in the ordinary course of business totaling $87 million at December 31, 2024. Of this amount, we expect to purchase $9 million in 2025, $18 million in 2026 through 2027, $19 million in 2028 through 2029 and $41 million in 2030 and thereafter. These amounts do not represent our entire anticipated purchases in the future, but represent only those items for which we are the contractually committed party as of December 31, 2024. In addition to our above-described contractual obligations, our ultimate parent company Lumen Technologies is contractually committed to purchase additional services under arrangements from which we may purchase in the future.
v3.25.0.1
Other Financial Information
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Other Financial Information
Note 15—Other Financial Information

Other Current Assets

The following table presents details of other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets:

As of December 31,
20242023
(Dollars in millions)
Prepaid expenses$98 48 
Contract acquisition costs26 34 
Contract fulfillment costs26 28 
Assets held for sale
— 29 
Other
Total other current assets$152 144 

Other Current Liabilities

The following table presents details of other current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets:

As of December 31,
20242023
(Dollars in millions)
Current affiliate obligation$48 52 
Current operating lease liability15 20 
Other54 49 
Total other current liabilities$117 121 

Included in accounts payable at December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $57 million and $116 million, respectively, associated with capital expenditures.
Other Noncurrent Liabilities

The following table presents details of other noncurrent liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets:

As of December 31,
20242023
(Dollars in millions)
Unrecognized tax benefits$453 442 
Deferred revenue97 109 
Noncurrent operating lease liability49 47 
Other86 81 
Total other noncurrent liabilities$685 679 
v3.25.0.1
Labor Union Contracts
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]  
Labor Union Contracts
Note 16—Labor Union Contracts

As of December 31, 2024, approximately 42% of our employees were represented by the Communication Workers of America ("CWA") or the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers ("IBEW"). 1% of our represented employees are subject to collective bargaining agreements that are scheduled to expire within the 12 month period ending December 31, 2025.
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Stockholder's Equity
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]  
Stockholder's Equity
Note 17—Stockholder's Equity

Common Stock

All of our outstanding capital stock is owned by QSC.

In addition, in the normal course of business, we transfer assets and liabilities to and from QSC and its affiliates, which are recorded through our equity. It is our policy to record these asset transfers based on carrying values.

Dividends

We declared and paid the following cash dividend to QSC:

Years Ended December 31,
202420232022
(Dollars in millions)
Cash dividend declared to QSC$— 1,980 — 
Cash dividend paid to QSC(1)
— 1,980 — 
______________________________________________________________________
(1) In 2023, we declared a dividend of advances to affiliate to our parent.

The timing of cash payments for declared dividends to QSC is at our discretion in consultation with QSC. We may declare and pay dividends to QSC in excess of our earnings to the extent permitted by applicable law. Our debt covenants do not limit the amount of dividends we can pay to QSC. Dividends paid are reflected on our consolidated statement of cash flows as financing activities.
v3.25.0.1
Insider Trading Arrangements
3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
v3.25.0.1
Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy Disclosure
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, and Governance [Line Items]  
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes for Assessing, Identifying, and Managing Threats [Text Block]
As a technology and communications company that globally transmits large amounts of information over our networks, we recognize the critical importance of maintaining the security and integrity of information and systems under our control. We view cybersecurity risk as one of our principal enterprise-wide risks, subject to control and monitoring at various levels of management throughout the Company. We dedicate significant resources towards programs designed to identify, assess, manage, mitigate and respond to cybersecurity threats.

As described in Item 1A “Risk Factors,” several features of our operations heighten our susceptibility to cyber-attacks, including (i) our material reliance on systems owned, operated or controlled by unaffiliated third-party operators and (ii) our processing and storage of large amounts of sensitive customer data. Cyber-attacks on our systems may be initiated by a wide variety of intruders, including employees, cyber-criminals, nation state actors and other advanced persistent threat actors, and may include attempts by outside parties to gain access to sensitive data that is stored in or transmitted across our network. Cyber-attacks can take many forms, including computer hackings, computer viruses, ransomware, worms or other destructive or disruptive software, denial of service attacks, or other malicious activities.

To identify, assess and mitigate cybersecurity risk, we have implemented a global information security management program that includes administrative, technical, and physical safeguards. This program seeks to identify, detect, protect and respond to threats to our information systems. Our security operations center provides advanced threat detection and response capabilities. Lumen maintains an insider threat program to detect, investigate and mitigate insider threat risks to Lumen assets, data, services and personnel globally.

Our cybersecurity and privacy policies encompass information security, incident response procedures, and vendor management. Our risk management team works closely with our information technology, privacy, product, and operations departments to continuously evaluate emerging cyber risk. We monitor existing or proposed cybersecurity and privacy laws, regulations and guidance that are or may be applicable to us in the regions where we operate, including in the European Union and the United Kingdom where we are subject to the GDPR, as well as various other laws governing privacy rights, data protection and cybersecurity in other regions. As a U.S. government contractor, we are required to comply with extensive governmental regulations and standards regarding cyber security.

Lumen periodically engage both internal and external auditors and consultants to assess and enhance our program. These independent external auditors and consultants are accredited under various information security standards, including those administered by the International Organization for Standardization and the PCI Security Standards Council. These engagements typically include penetration testing, third-party certifications, compliance assessments, audits, and assessments of vulnerabilities and emerging threats. We also periodically deploy our Internal Audit processes to conduct additional reviews and assessments. We also mutually exchange threat intelligence with government agencies, cyber analysis centers and cybersecurity associations.

As noted elsewhere in this annual report, we are materially reliant on a variety of third-party service providers to operate our business, which exposes us to the risk of cyber incidents impacting those providers’ systems. We have a vendor risk management program that assesses, manages and oversees risks associated with third-party service providers who have access to our data and systems. We maintain ongoing monitoring to ensure their compliance with our cybersecurity standards.

Despite our efforts to prevent security incidents, (i) some of these attacks have resulted in security incidents (although thus far we do not believe that any of these incidents has resulted in a material adverse effect on our operating results or financial condition) and (ii) future security incidents are likely (some of which could have a material adverse effect on operating results or financial condition). See Item 1A “Risk Factors” for a further discussion of cybersecurity risks.
Lumen maintains an Incident Response Playbook that provides a set of guidelines for our stakeholders to follow when handling any data incident. This playbook describes how we assess incidents and how our security team shares information about such incidents with others at Lumen, including senior leadership and, if warranted, with some or all members of its Board of Directors. These escalation provisions, together with Lumen's disclosure controls and procedures, are designed to ensure that appropriate representatives throughout the Company are available to assess how to respond to such incidents and make any necessary public notifications.

The Cybersecurity Incident Response Team (“CIRT”) is responsible for detecting and coordinating responses to all security incidents. This team regularly assesses its communication plan to confirm that its members can be alerted quickly in the event of an actual crisis and meet as a team to discuss response options. The CIRT also addresses each incident, unless it determines that an incident is sufficiently serious. In those instances, it will notify the Cyber Security Watch Team ("CSWAT"), which is responsible for addressing cybersecurity incidents that raise more significant risks.

The CSWAT is comprised of senior IT, operations, risk, legal and compliance leaders across business segments. In addition to addressing our more significant cyber incidents, the CSWAT manages risks from matters related to business continuity, including risks posed by cybersecurity threats, and implements controls to mitigate such operational risks. Among other processes, this team reviews our programs and processes related to information security, third-party risk, vendor management, facilities, unplanned downtime, business disruption, business continuity and disaster recovery.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Text Block]
As a technology and communications company that globally transmits large amounts of information over our networks, we recognize the critical importance of maintaining the security and integrity of information and systems under our control. We view cybersecurity risk as one of our principal enterprise-wide risks, subject to control and monitoring at various levels of management throughout the Company. We dedicate significant resources towards programs designed to identify, assess, manage, mitigate and respond to cybersecurity threats.

As described in Item 1A “Risk Factors,” several features of our operations heighten our susceptibility to cyber-attacks, including (i) our material reliance on systems owned, operated or controlled by unaffiliated third-party operators and (ii) our processing and storage of large amounts of sensitive customer data. Cyber-attacks on our systems may be initiated by a wide variety of intruders, including employees, cyber-criminals, nation state actors and other advanced persistent threat actors, and may include attempts by outside parties to gain access to sensitive data that is stored in or transmitted across our network. Cyber-attacks can take many forms, including computer hackings, computer viruses, ransomware, worms or other destructive or disruptive software, denial of service attacks, or other malicious activities.

To identify, assess and mitigate cybersecurity risk, we have implemented a global information security management program that includes administrative, technical, and physical safeguards. This program seeks to identify, detect, protect and respond to threats to our information systems. Our security operations center provides advanced threat detection and response capabilities. Lumen maintains an insider threat program to detect, investigate and mitigate insider threat risks to Lumen assets, data, services and personnel globally.

Our cybersecurity and privacy policies encompass information security, incident response procedures, and vendor management. Our risk management team works closely with our information technology, privacy, product, and operations departments to continuously evaluate emerging cyber risk. We monitor existing or proposed cybersecurity and privacy laws, regulations and guidance that are or may be applicable to us in the regions where we operate, including in the European Union and the United Kingdom where we are subject to the GDPR, as well as various other laws governing privacy rights, data protection and cybersecurity in other regions. As a U.S. government contractor, we are required to comply with extensive governmental regulations and standards regarding cyber security.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Third Party Engaged [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Third Party Oversight and Identification Processes [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Materially Affected or Reasonably Likely to Materially Affect Registrant [Flag] false
Cybersecurity Risk Board of Directors Oversight [Text Block]
As part of our overall risk management approach, Lumen prioritizes the identification and management of cybersecurity risk at several levels, including Board oversight, executive commitment and employee training. Lumen's Risk and Security Committee, comprised of independent directors from its Board, assists the Board in overseeing our cybersecurity and data privacy risk. Specifically, our Risk and Security Committee, which meets quarterly, (i) receives periodic reports from Lumen's Chief Security Officer (“CSO”) on security programs, including incident reports, (ii) reviews cybersecurity risk assessments from information security, privacy, and internal audit management teams, including the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls regarding cybersecurity; (iii) reviews emerging cybersecurity developments and threats; (iv) reviews compliance with applicable laws and industry standards; and (v) periodically reviews our strategy to mitigate cybersecurity risks, such as our cyber insurance coverage and contingency plans in the event of security incidents or other system disruptions. At least quarterly, the Risk and Security Committee provides reports to the full Board regarding matters recently discussed by the Committee, which enables the full Board to provide additional oversight of our cyber risks and cyber processes. The full Board also reviews our cybersecurity risks in connection with its annual review of our enterprise risk mitigation programs.
Cybersecurity Risk Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block] Lumen's Risk and Security Committee, comprised of independent directors from its Board, assists the Board in overseeing our cybersecurity and data privacy risk. Specifically, our Risk and Security Committee, which meets quarterly, (i) receives periodic reports from Lumen's Chief Security Officer (“CSO”) on security programs, including incident reports, (ii) reviews cybersecurity risk assessments from information security, privacy, and internal audit management teams, including the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls regarding cybersecurity; (iii) reviews emerging cybersecurity developments and threats; (iv) reviews compliance with applicable laws and industry standards; and (v) periodically reviews our strategy to mitigate cybersecurity risks, such as our cyber insurance coverage and contingency plans in the event of security incidents or other system disruptions. At least quarterly, the Risk and Security Committee provides reports to the full Board regarding matters recently discussed by the Committee, which enables the full Board to provide additional oversight of our cyber risks and cyber processes. The full Board also reviews our cybersecurity risks in connection with its annual review of our enterprise risk mitigation programs.
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block] Lumen's Risk and Security Committee, comprised of independent directors from its Board, assists the Board in overseeing our cybersecurity and data privacy risk. Specifically, our Risk and Security Committee, which meets quarterly, (i) receives periodic reports from Lumen's Chief Security Officer (“CSO”) on security programs, including incident reports, (ii) reviews cybersecurity risk assessments from information security, privacy, and internal audit management teams, including the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls regarding cybersecurity; (iii) reviews emerging cybersecurity developments and threats; (iv) reviews compliance with applicable laws and industry standards; and (v) periodically reviews our strategy to mitigate cybersecurity risks, such as our cyber insurance coverage and contingency plans in the event of security incidents or other system disruptions. At least quarterly, the Risk and Security Committee provides reports to the full Board regarding matters recently discussed by the Committee, which enables the full Board to provide additional oversight of our cyber risks and cyber processes. The full Board also reviews our cybersecurity risks in connection with its annual review of our enterprise risk mitigation programs.
Cybersecurity Risk Role of Management [Text Block]
Lumen's CSO has extensive experience working in the public and private sectors leading security organizations, managing risk management functions, and driving large information technology deployments. He has an Engineering degree, a Master of Business Administration, a Chief Information Security Officer Certification, and a Global Information Assurance Certification Security Leadership Certification. He oversees the implementation and compliance of our information security standards and mitigation of information security related risks.

Lumen's cybersecurity organization includes a response team and management level committees who support our processes to assess and manage cybersecurity risk as follows:


At the day-to-day operational level, Lumen maintains an experienced information security team who are tasked with implementing our privacy and cybersecurity program and support the CSO in implementing our detection, reporting, security and mitigation functions. This team and the CSO work to develop and implement tools and processes designed to assist in identifying, containing and remediating cybersecurity incidents, and periodically retain consultants to assist with these activities. Lumen generally seeks to promote a company-wide awareness of cybersecurity risk through broad-based communications and educational initiatives, including regularly conducting phishing tests and holding employee trainings on our privacy, cybersecurity and information management policies, at least annually and more frequently when legal or other developments warrant.
The Technology, Security, and Privacy Council, co-chaired by the CSO, the Chief Information Officer (CIO), and the Chief Privacy Officer (CPO), leverages the combined expertise of various security, IT, legal, internal audit, and operational leaders across the company. This council provides a forum for these cross-functional members of management of our leadership team to consider emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and emerging cybersecurity risks; review cybersecurity and privacy regulations; review and update policies and standards as appropriate; and promote cross-functional collaboration to manage cybersecurity and privacy risks across the enterprise. Members of this council are responsible for reporting on cybersecurity and privacy risks to the Risk Oversight Committee (“ROC”).

The ROC, whose core members include our Chief Financial Officer, Chief Technology and Product Officer, Executive Vice President of Enterprise Operations, and Chief Legal Officer, oversees our company-wide risk mitigation strategies. With respect to cyber risks, the ROC's oversight function helps to ensure accountability, adequacy of resourcing, implementation of Company directives, and alignment of oversight provided by our Board of Directors and our senior leadership team. Some of the more significant risks discussed by the ROC are also reported to our Risk and Security Committee at least quarterly.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Text Block]
As part of our overall risk management approach, Lumen prioritizes the identification and management of cybersecurity risk at several levels, including Board oversight, executive commitment and employee training. Lumen's Risk and Security Committee, comprised of independent directors from its Board, assists the Board in overseeing our cybersecurity and data privacy risk. Specifically, our Risk and Security Committee, which meets quarterly, (i) receives periodic reports from Lumen's Chief Security Officer (“CSO”) on security programs, including incident reports, (ii) reviews cybersecurity risk assessments from information security, privacy, and internal audit management teams, including the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls regarding cybersecurity; (iii) reviews emerging cybersecurity developments and threats; (iv) reviews compliance with applicable laws and industry standards; and (v) periodically reviews our strategy to mitigate cybersecurity risks, such as our cyber insurance coverage and contingency plans in the event of security incidents or other system disruptions. At least quarterly, the Risk and Security Committee provides reports to the full Board regarding matters recently discussed by the Committee, which enables the full Board to provide additional oversight of our cyber risks and cyber processes. The full Board also reviews our cybersecurity risks in connection with its annual review of our enterprise risk mitigation programs.
Lumen's cybersecurity organization includes a response team and management level committees who support our processes to assess and manage cybersecurity risk as follows:
Cybersecurity Risk Management Expertise of Management Responsible [Text Block] Lumen's CSO has extensive experience working in the public and private sectors leading security organizations, managing risk management functions, and driving large information technology deployments. He has an Engineering degree, a Master of Business Administration, a Chief Information Security Officer Certification, and a Global Information Assurance Certification Security Leadership Certification. He oversees the implementation and compliance of our information security standards and mitigation of information security related risks.
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Management or Committees Responsible [Text Block] Lumen's Risk and Security Committee, comprised of independent directors from its Board, assists the Board in overseeing our cybersecurity and data privacy risk. Specifically, our Risk and Security Committee, which meets quarterly, (i) receives periodic reports from Lumen's Chief Security Officer (“CSO”) on security programs, including incident reports, (ii) reviews cybersecurity risk assessments from information security, privacy, and internal audit management teams, including the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls regarding cybersecurity; (iii) reviews emerging cybersecurity developments and threats; (iv) reviews compliance with applicable laws and industry standards; and (v) periodically reviews our strategy to mitigate cybersecurity risks, such as our cyber insurance coverage and contingency plans in the event of security incidents or other system disruptions. At least quarterly, the Risk and Security Committee provides reports to the full Board regarding matters recently discussed by the Committee, which enables the full Board to provide additional oversight of our cyber risks and cyber processes. The full Board also reviews our cybersecurity risks in connection with its annual review of our enterprise risk mitigation programs.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible Report to Board [Flag] true
v3.25.0.1
Background and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation
Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our subsidiaries. Intercompany amounts and transactions with our consolidated subsidiaries have been eliminated. Transactions with our non-consolidated affiliates (Lumen Technologies and its other subsidiaries, referred to herein as affiliates) have not been eliminated.
Reclassifications
We reclassified certain prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation, including our revenue by product and service categories. See Note 3—Revenue Recognition for additional information. These changes had no impact on total operating revenue, total operating expenses or net income (loss) for any period.
Cost of services and products (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) Cost of services and products (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) are expenses incurred in providing products and services to our customers. These expenses include: employee-related expenses directly attributable to operating and maintaining our network (such as salaries, wages, benefits and professional fees); facilities expenses (which include third-party telecommunications expenses we incur for using other carriers' networks to provide services to our customers); rents and utilities expenses; equipment sales expenses (such as data integration and modem expenses); and other expenses directly related to our operations; and
Selling, general and administrative expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses are corporate overhead and other operating expenses. These expenses include: employee-related expenses (such as salaries, wages, internal commissions, benefits and professional fees) directly attributable to selling products or services and employee-related expenses for administrative functions; marketing and advertising; property and other operating taxes and fees; external commissions; legal expenses associated with general matters; bad debt expense; and other selling, general and administrative expenses.
Segments
Segments

Our operations are integrated into and reported as part of Lumen Technologies. Lumen's CEO is our chief operating decision maker ("CODM") and reviews our financial information on an aggregate basis only in connection with our quarterly and annual reports that we file with the SEC. Our CODM assesses performance and allocates resources in conjunction with and based on the operations of Lumen Technologies. Consequently, we do not provide our discrete financial information to the CODM on a regular basis. As such, we have one reportable segment.
Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. These accounting principles require us to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. We believe that the estimates, judgments and assumptions we make when accounting for specific items and matters are reasonable, based on information available at the time they are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can materially affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and components of stockholder's equity as of the dates of the consolidated balance sheets, as well as the reported amounts of revenue, expenses and components of cash flows during the periods presented in our other consolidated financial statements. We also make estimates in our assessments of potential losses in relation to threatened or pending tax and legal matters. See Note 12—Income Taxes and Note 14—Commitments, Contingencies and Other Items for additional information.

For matters not related to income taxes, if a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, we recognize an expense for the estimated loss. If we have the potential to recover a portion of the estimated loss from a third party, we make a separate assessment of recoverability and reduce the estimated loss if recovery is also deemed probable.

For matters related to income taxes, if we determine the impact of an uncertain tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority, then we recognize a benefit for the largest amount that is more likely than not to be sustained. We do not recognize any portion of an uncertain tax position if the position has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. We recognize interest on the amount of unrecognized benefit from uncertain tax positions.

For all of these and other matters, actual results could differ materially from our estimates.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition

We earn most of our consolidated revenue from contracts with customers, primarily through the provision of communications and other services. Revenue from contracts with customers is accounted for under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606. We also earn revenue from leasing arrangements (primarily fiber capacity agreements) and governmental subsidy payments, neither of which are accounted for under ASC 606.

Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue is recognized based on the following five-step model:

Identification of the contract with a customer;

Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

Determination of the transaction price;

Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation.
We provide an array of communications services to business and residential customers, including local voice, VPN, Ethernet, data, broadband, private line (including special access), network access, transport, voice, information technology, video and other ancillary services. We provide these services to a wide range of businesses, including global, enterprise, wholesale, government, and small and medium business customers. Certain contracts also include the sale of equipment, which is not significant to our business.

We recognize revenue for services when we provide the applicable service or when control of a product is transferred. Recognition of certain payments received in advance of services being provided is deferred. These advance payments may include design, planning, and engineering fees, as well as certain activation and installation charges. If these advance payments are not separate performance obligations, we recognize them as revenue over the actual or expected contract term using historical experience, which typically ranges from one to five years depending on the service. In most cases, termination fees or other fees on existing contracts that are negotiated in conjunction with new contracts are deferred and recognized over the new contract term.

For access services, we generally bill fixed monthly charges one month in advance to customers and recognize revenue as service is provided over the contract term in alignment with the customer's receipt of service. For usage and other ancillary services, we generally bill in arrears and recognize revenue as usage or delivery occurs. In most cases, the amount invoiced for our service offerings constitutes the price that would be billed on a standalone basis.

In certain cases, customers may be permitted to modify their contracts. We evaluate the change in scope or price to identify whether the modification should be treated as a separate contract, as a termination of the existing contract and creation of a new contract, or as a change to the existing contract.

Customer contracts are evaluated to determine whether the performance obligations are separable. If the performance obligations are deemed separable and separate earnings processes exist, the total transaction price that we expect to receive with the customer is allocated to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. The revenue associated with each performance obligation is then recognized as earned.

We periodically sell transmission capacity on our network. These transactions are generally structured as indefeasible rights of use, commonly referred to as IRUs, which are the exclusive right to use a specified amount of capacity or fiber for a specified term, typically 20 years. In most cases, we account for the cash consideration received on transfers of transmission capacity as ASC 606 revenue, which is adjusted for the time value of money and is recognized ratably over the term of the agreement. Cash consideration received on transfers of dark fiber is accounted for as non-ASC 606 lease revenue, which we also recognize ratably over the term of the agreement. We do not recognize revenue on any contemporaneous exchanges of our transmission capacity assets for other non-owned transmission capacity assets.

In connection with offering products and services provided to the end user by third-party vendors, we review the relationship between us, the vendor and the end user to assess whether revenue should be reported on a gross or net basis. In assessing whether revenue should be reported on a gross or net basis, we consider whether we act as a principal in the transaction and control the goods and services used to fulfill the performance obligations associated with the transaction.

We have service level commitments pursuant to contracts with certain of our customers. To the extent that we determine that such service levels were not achieved or may not have been achieved, we estimate the amount of credits to be issued and record a corresponding reduction to revenue in the period that the service level commitment was not met or may not be met.

Customer payments are made based on billing schedules included in our customer contracts, which is typically on a monthly basis.

We defer (or capitalize) incremental contract acquisition and fulfillment costs and recognize (or amortize) such costs over the average contract life. Our deferred contract costs for our customers have average amortization periods of approximately 50 months for Mass Markets customers and 35 months for Business customers. These deferred costs are periodically monitored to reflect any significant change in assumptions.
Affiliate Transactions
Affiliate Transactions

We provide to our affiliates telecommunications services that we also provide to external customers. In addition, we provide to our affiliates application development and support services. Services provided by us to our affiliates are recognized as operating revenue-affiliates in our consolidated statements of operations. We also purchase services from our affiliates including telecommunications services, marketing and employee-related support services. Services provided to us from our affiliates are recognized as operating expenses-affiliates on our consolidated statements of operations. Because of the significance of the services we provide to our affiliates and our affiliates provide to us, the results of operations, financial position and cash flows presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations, financial position and cash flows we would have achieved had we operated as a stand-alone entity during the periods presented.

We recognize intercompany charges at the amounts billed to us by our affiliates and we recognize intercompany revenue for services we bill to our affiliates. For additional information, see Note 13—Affiliate Transactions.

Our ultimate parent company, Lumen Technologies, Inc. has cash management arrangements or loan arrangements with a majority of its subsidiaries that include lines of credit, affiliate obligations, capital contributions and dividends. As part of these cash management arrangements, affiliates provide lines of credit to certain other affiliates. Amounts outstanding under these lines of credit and intercompany obligations vary from time to time. Under these arrangements, the majority of our cash balance is transferred on a daily basis for centralized management by Lumen's service company affiliate. From time to time, we may declare and pay dividends to QSC, our direct parent, using cash owed to us under these advances, which has the net effect of reducing the amount of these advances. We report the balance of these transfers on our consolidated balance sheet as advances to affiliates. Dividends paid are reflected on our consolidated statements of stockholder's equity and the consolidated statements of cash flows reflects the changes in advances to affiliates as investing activities and changes in advances from affiliates as financing activities. Interest is assessed on advances to and from affiliates using the current interest rate for our note payable-affiliate.

The affiliate obligations, net in current and noncurrent liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets primarily represents the cumulative allocation of expense, net of payments, associated with QCII’s pension plans and post-retirement benefits plans prior to the plan mergers. In 2015, we agreed to a plan to settle the outstanding affiliate obligations, net balance with QCII over a 30 year term. Under the plan, payments are scheduled to be made on a monthly basis. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we made settlement payments of $52 million and $57 million, respectively, to QCII in accordance with the plan. Changes in the affiliate obligations, net are reflected in operating activities on our consolidated statements of cash flows.

In the normal course of business, we transfer assets to and from various affiliates through our parent, QSC, which are recorded through our equity. It is our policy to record asset transfers based on carrying values. These
transactions may reduce our capital resources for debt repayments and other purposes.
Legal Costs
Legal Costs

In the normal course of our business, we incur costs to hire and retain external legal counsel to advise us on finance, regulatory, litigation and other matters. Subject to certain exceptions, we expense these costs as the related services are received.
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

Our results are included in the Lumen Technologies consolidated federal income tax return and certain combined state income tax returns. Lumen Technologies allocates income tax expense to us based upon a separate return method which results in income tax expense that approximates the expense that would result if we were a stand-alone entity. Our reported deferred tax assets and liabilities, as discussed below and in Note 12—Income Taxes, are primarily determined as a result of the application of the separate return method and therefore the settlement of these amounts is dependent upon our parent, Lumen Technologies, Inc., rather than tax authorities.

The provision for income taxes consists of an amount for taxes currently payable, an amount for tax consequences deferred to future periods and adjustments to our liabilities for uncertain tax positions. We record deferred income tax assets and liabilities reflecting future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying value of assets and liabilities and the tax basis of those assets and liabilities. Deferred taxes are computed using enacted tax rates expected to apply in the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rate is recognized in earnings in the period that includes the enactment date.

We establish valuation allowances when necessary to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amounts that we believe are more likely than not to be recovered. Each quarter we evaluate the need to retain all or a portion of the valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets. See Note 12—Income Taxes for additional information.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into cash and are not subject to significant risk from fluctuations in interest rates. As a result, the value at which cash and cash equivalents are reported in our consolidated financial statements approximates their fair value. Our cash collections are transferred to Lumen Technologies, Inc. on a daily basis and our ultimate parent funds our cash disbursement needs. The net cash transferred to Lumen Technologies, Inc. has been reflected as advances to affiliates in our consolidated balance sheets.

Book overdrafts occur when we have issued checks but they have not yet been presented to our controlled disbursement bank accounts for payment. Disbursement bank accounts allow us to delay funding of issued checks until the checks are presented for payment. Until the issued checks are presented for payment, the book overdrafts are included in accounts payable on our consolidated balance sheets. This activity is included in the operating activities section in our consolidated statements of cash flows. There was less than $1 million and no book overdrafts included in accounts payable at December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023, respectively.
Restricted Cash
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash consists primarily of cash and investments that serve to collateralize certain performance and operating obligations. Restricted cash is recorded as current or non-current assets in the consolidated balance sheets depending on the duration of the restriction and the purpose for which the restriction exists.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

Accounts receivable are recognized based upon the amount due from customers for the services provided or at cost for purchased and other receivables less an allowance for credit losses. We use a loss rate method to estimate our allowance for credit losses. For more information on our methodology for estimating our allowance for credit losses, see Note 5—Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.
We generally consider our accounts past due if they are outstanding over 30 days. Our past due accounts are written off against our allowance for credit losses and any recoveries of accounts previously written off are generally recognized as a reduction in bad debt expense in the period received. The carrying value of accounts receivable, net of the allowance for credit losses, approximates fair value.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment

As a result of our indirect acquisition by Lumen Technologies, Inc., property, plant and equipment acquired at the time of acquisition was recorded based on its estimated fair value as of the acquisition date. Subsequently purchased and constructed property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost, plus the estimated value of any associated legally or contractually required retirement obligations. Prior to January 1, 2024, we depreciated the majority of our property, plant and equipment using the straight-line group method over the estimated useful lives of groups of assets. Under the straight-line group method, assets dedicated to providing telecommunications services (which comprise the majority of our property, plant and equipment) that have similar physical characteristics, use and expected useful lives are pooled for purposes of depreciation and tracking. We used the equal life group procedure to establish each pool's average remaining useful life. Generally, under the straight-line group method, when an asset is sold or retired in the course of normal business activities, the cost is deducted from property, plant and equipment and charged to accumulated depreciation without recognition of a gain or loss. Effective January 1, 2024, we re-established all of our assets individually, including accumulated depreciation, and began to depreciate all of our assets using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the specific asset. A gain or loss is recognized in our consolidated statements of operations only if a disposal is unusual. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the useful lives of the assets or the expected lease term. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. During the construction phase of network and other internal-use capital projects, we capitalize related employee and interest costs. Property, plant and equipment supplies used internally are carried at average cost, except for significant individual items for which cost is based on specific identification.

We perform annual internal reviews to evaluate the reasonableness of the depreciable lives for our property, plant and equipment. Our reviews utilize models that take into account actual usage, physical wear and tear, replacement history, assumptions about technology evolution and, in certain instances, actuarially determined probabilities to estimate the remaining useful life of our asset base. Our remaining useful life assessments evaluate the possible loss in service value of assets that may precede the physical retirement. Assets shared among many customers may lose service value as those customers reduce their use of the network. However, the asset is not retired until all customers no longer utilize the asset and we determine there is no alternative use for the asset.

We review long-lived tangible assets for impairment whenever facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be recoverable. For assessment purposes, long-lived assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities, absent a material change in operations. An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying amount of the asset group is not recoverable and exceeds its estimated fair value. Recoverability of the asset group to be held and used is assessed by comparing the carrying amount of the asset group to the estimated undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group. If the asset group's carrying value is not recoverable, we recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its estimated fair value.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

We initially record intangible assets arising from business combinations, such as goodwill and capitalized software at estimated fair value. We amortize capitalized software using the straight-line method over estimated lives ranging up to seven years. Other intangible assets not arising from business combinations are initially recorded at cost.

Internally used software, whether purchased or developed by us, is capitalized and amortized using the straight-line method over its estimated useful life. We have capitalized certain costs associated with software such as costs of employees devoting time to the projects and external direct costs for materials and services. Costs associated with software to be used for internal purposes are expensed until the point at which the project has reached the development stage. Subsequent additions, modifications or upgrades to internal-use software are capitalized only to the extent that they allow the software to perform a task it previously did not perform. Software maintenance, data conversion and training costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. We review the remaining economic lives of our capitalized software annually. Capitalized software is included in other intangible assets, net, in our consolidated balance sheets.
We are required to assess our goodwill for impairment annually, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate an impairment may have occurred. We are required to write-down the value of goodwill of the reporting unit in periods in which the carrying amount of the reporting unit equity exceeds the estimated fair value of the equity of the reporting unit limited to the goodwill balance. The impairment assessment is performed at the reporting unit level. We have determined that our operations consist of one reporting unit, consistent with our determination that our business consists of one operating segment. See Note 2—Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets for additional information.
Pension and Post-Retirement Benefits
Pension and Post-Retirement Benefits

A substantial portion of our active and retired employees participate in the Lumen Combined Pension Plan. On December 31, 2014, the QCII pension plan and a pension plan of an affiliate were merged into the CenturyLink Retirement Plan, and the CenturyLink Retirement Plan is now named the Lumen Combined Pension Plan. Prior to the pension plan merger, the above-noted employees participated in the QCII pension plan. In addition, certain of our employees participate in Lumen's post-retirement health care and life insurance benefit plans. Lumen Technologies allocates service costs relating to pension and post-retirement health care and life insurance benefits to us and its other affiliates. The amounts contributed by us through Lumen Technologies are not segregated or restricted to pay amounts due to our employees and may be used to provide benefits to other employees of Lumen Technologies. The allocation of the service costs to us is based upon our employees who are currently earning benefits under the plans.

For further information on qualified pension, post-retirement and other post-employment benefit plans, see Note 11—Employee Benefits to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of Part II of Lumen's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements and Recently Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Segments

On January 1, 2024 we adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” This ASU is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The ASU does not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates them or applies quantitative thresholds to determine reportable segments. Public entities with a single reportable segment are required to provide the new disclosures and all the disclosures required under ASC 280, "Segment Reporting." We did not early adopt this standard. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Government Assistance

On January 1, 2022, we adopted ASU 2021-10 "Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance." This ASU requires business entities to disclose information about certain types of government assistance they receive. Refer to Note 3—Revenue Recognition for more information on the impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.

Investments

On January 1, 2024, we adopted ASU 2023-02, “Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method.” This ASU allows reporting entities to elect to account for qualifying tax equity investments using the proportional amortization method, regardless of the program giving rise to the related income tax credits. The adoption of this ASU did not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements.

On January 1, 2024, we adopted ASU 2022-03, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions.” This ASU clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sales of an investment in an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring its fair value. The adoption of this ASU did not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Leases

On January 1, 2024, we adopted ASU 2023-01, “Leases (Topic 842): Common Control Arrangements.” This ASU requires all entities to amortize leasehold improvements associated with common control leases over the useful life to the common control group. The adoption of this ASU did not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements.

On January 1, 2022, we adopted ASU 2021-05, “Leases (Topic 842): Lessors—Certain Leases with Variable Lease Payments.” This ASU (i) amends the lease classification requirements for lessors, (ii) provides criteria for lessors to classify and account for a lease with variable lease payments that do not depend on a reference index or a rate as an operating lease; and (iii) provides guidance with respect to net investments by lessors under operating leases and other related topics. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Reference Rate Reform

In December 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2022-06, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) – Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848." This ASU, which was effective upon issuance, extends the period of time preparers can utilize the reference rate reform relief guidance in Topic 848, by deferring the sunset date from December 31, 2022, to December 31, 2024, after which entities will no longer be permitted to apply the relief in Topic 848. Based on our review of our key material contracts through December 31, 2024, this ASU does not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Supplier Finance Programs

On January 1, 2023, we adopted ASU 2022-04, “Liabilities-Supplier Finance Program (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations.” This ASU requires a company that uses a supplier finance program in connection with the purchase of goods or services to disclose sufficient information about the program to allow a user of financial statements to understand the program’s nature, program activity during the period, changes from period to period and the potential magnitude of program transactions. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Credit Losses

On January 1, 2023, we adopted ASU 2022-02, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDR”) and Vintage Disclosures.” The ASU eliminates the TDR recognition and measurement guidance, enhances existing disclosure requirements and introduces new requirements related to certain modifications of receivables made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Adoption of Other ASUs

In July 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-03, “Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205), Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480), Equity (Topic 505), and Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 120, SEC Staff Announcement at the March 24, 2022 EITF Meeting, and Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 6.B, Accounting Series Release 280—General Revision of Regulation S-X: Income or Loss Applicable to Common Stock.” This ASU became effective for us once the addition to the FASB Codification was made available in July 2023. This ASU amends or supersedes various SEC paragraphs within the applicable codification to conform to past SEC staff announcements. This ASU does not provide any new guidance. The adoption of this ASU did not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-04, "Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments." This ASU clarifies the requirements for determining whether certain settlements of convertible debt instruments should be accounted for as induced conversions rather than as debt extinguishments. This standard is effective for the annual period of fiscal 2026, and early adoption is permitted. As of December 31, 2024, we do not hold convertible debt instruments and do not expect this ASU will have any impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, "Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses." This ASU requires additional footnote disclosure of the details of certain income statement expense line items as well as additional disclosure about selling expenses. This standard is effective for the annual period of fiscal 2027, and early adoption is permitted. The guidance is to be applied prospectively, with the option for retrospective application. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this standard will have on our disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” This ASU requires that public business entities must annually (1) disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and (2) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold (if the effect of those reconciling items is equal to or greater than 5 percent of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income or loss by the applicable statutory income tax rate). This ASU will become effective for us in the annual period of fiscal 2025 and early adoption is permitted. We have chosen not to early adopt this ASU and are currently evaluating its impact on our consolidated financial statements, including our annual disclosure within our Income Taxes footnote.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-08, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350-60): Accounting for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets.” This ASU is intended to improve the accounting for certain crypto assets by requiring an entity to measure those crypto assets at fair value each reporting period with changes in fair value recognized in net income. The amendments also improve the information provided to investors about an entity’s crypto asset holdings by requiring disclosure about significant holdings, contractual sale restrictions, and changes during the reporting period. This ASU will become effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 and early adoption is permitted. As of December 31, 2024, we do not hold crypto assets and do not expect this ASU to have any impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, “Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative.” This ASU incorporates certain SEC disclosure requirements into the FASB Codification. The amendments in the ASU are expected to clarify or improve disclosure and presentation requirements of a variety of FASB Codification topics, allow users to more easily compare entities subject to the SEC’s existing disclosures with those entities that were not previously subject to the requirements, and align the requirements in the FASB Codification with the SEC’s regulations. This ASU will become effective for each amendment on the effective date of the SEC's corresponding disclosure rule changes. As of December 31, 2024, we do not expect this ASU to have any impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-05, “Business Combinations – Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60): Recognition and Initial Measurement.” This ASU applies to the formation of entities that meet the definition of a joint venture (or a corporate joint venture). The amendments in the ASU require that a joint venture apply a new basis of accounting upon formation. This ASU will become effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 and early adoption is permitted. As of December 31, 2024, we do not expect this ASU to have any impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
To assess our expected credit losses on financial instruments, we aggregate financial assets with similar risk characteristics to monitor their credit quality or deterioration over the life of such assets. We periodically monitor certain risk characteristics within our aggregated financial assets and revise their composition accordingly, to the extent internal and external risk factors change. We separately evaluate financial assets that do not share risk characteristics with other financial assets. Our financial assets measured at amortized cost primarily consist of accounts receivable.

We use a loss rate method to estimate our allowance for credit losses. Our determination of the current expected credit loss rate begins with our review of historical loss experience as a percentage of accounts receivable. We measure our historical loss period based on the average days to recognize accounts receivable as credit losses. When asset specific characteristics and current conditions change from those in the historical period, due to changes in our credit and collections strategy, certain classes of aged balances, or credit loss and recovery policies, we perform a qualitative and quantitative assessment to adjust our historical loss rate. We use regression analysis to develop an expected loss rate using historical experience and economic data over a forecast period. We measure our forecast period based on the average days to collect payment on billed accounts receivable. To determine our current allowance for credit losses, we combine the historical and expected credit loss rates and apply them to our period end accounts receivable.

If there is an unexpected deterioration of a customer's financial condition or an unexpected change in economic conditions, including macroeconomic events, we assess the need to adjust the allowance for credit losses. Any such resulting adjustments would affect earnings in the period that adjustments are made.
The assessment of the correlation between historical observed default rates, current conditions and forecasted economic conditions requires judgment. Alternative interpretations of these factors could have resulted in different conclusions regarding our allowance for credit losses. The amount of credit loss is sensitive to changes in circumstances and forecasted economic conditions. Our historical credit loss experience, current conditions and forecast of economic conditions may also not be representative of the customers' actual default experience in the future, and we may use methodologies that differ from those used by other companies.
v3.25.0.1
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of goodwill, customer relationships and other intangible assets
Goodwill and other intangible assets consisted of the following:

As of December 31,
20242023
(Dollars in millions)
Goodwill, less accumulated impairment losses of $2,405 and $2,405
$6,955 6,955 
Other intangible assets, less accumulated amortization of $1,841 and $1,966
$84 103 
Schedule of goodwill
The following table shows the rollforward of goodwill from December 31, 2022 through December 31, 2024:

(Dollars in millions)
As of December 31, 2022
$9,360 
Impairment(2,405)
As of December 31, 2023(1)
6,955 
As of December 31, 2024(1)
$6,955 
______________________________________________________________________
(1)Goodwill at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is net of accumulated impairment losses of $2.4 billion.
Schedule of estimated amortization expense for intangible assets
We estimate that future total amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets will be as follows:

(Dollars in millions)
2025$27 
202617 
202713 
202810 
2029
2030 and thereafter
11 
Total finite-lived intangible assets future amortization expense
$84 
v3.25.0.1
Revenue Recognition (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Schedule of disaggregated revenue by service offering
The following tables provide our total revenue by product and service category as well as the amount of revenue that is not subject to ASC 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" ("ASC 606"), but is instead governed by other accounting standards:
 Year Ended December 31, 2024
Total Revenue
Adjustments for Non-ASC 606 Revenue(1)
Total Revenue from Contracts with Customers
 (Dollars in millions)
Other Broadband$932 (79)853 
Voice and Other521 (14)507 
Fiber Broadband377 (12)365 
Harvest939 (118)821 
Nurture357 (8)349 
Grow133 (6)127 
Affiliate Services2,249 (48)2,201 
Total revenue$5,508 (285)5,223 
Timing of revenue
Goods and services transferred at a point in time$13 
Services performed over time5,210 
Total revenue from contracts with customers$5,223 

 Year Ended December 31, 2023
Total Revenue
Adjustments for Non-ASC 606 Revenue(1)
Total Revenue from Contracts with Customers
 (Dollars in millions)
Other Broadband$1,111 (95)1,016 
Voice and Other589 (16)573 
Fiber Broadband473 (12)461 
Harvest1,047 (139)908 
Nurture393 (8)385 
Grow143 — 143 
Affiliate Services2,159 (45)2,114 
Total revenue$5,915 (315)5,600 
Timing of revenue
Goods and services transferred at a point in time$23 
Services performed over time5,577 
Total revenue from contracts with customers$5,600 
 Year Ended December 31, 2022
Total Revenue
Adjustments for Non-ASC 606 Revenue(1)
Total Revenue from Contracts with Customers
 (Dollars in millions)
Other Broadband$1,275 (106)1,169 
Voice and Other691 (31)660 
Fiber Broadband462 (12)450 
Harvest1,134 (161)973 
Nurture435 (9)426 
Grow158 (9)149 
Affiliate Services2,294 (45)2,249 
Total revenue$6,449 (373)6,076 
Timing of revenue
Goods and services transferred at a point in time$28 
Services performed over time6,048 
Total revenue from contracts with customers$6,076 
_______________________________________________________________________________
(1)Includes regulatory revenue and lease revenue not within the scope of ASC 606.
Schedule of customer receivables and contract balances
The following table provides balances of customer receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities:

As of December 31,
20242023
 (Dollars in millions)
Customer receivables, less allowance of $23 million and $29 million
$205 210 
Contract assets— 
Contract liabilities244 269 
Schedule of contract costs
The following tables provide changes in our contract acquisition costs and fulfillment costs:

Year Ended December 31, 2024
Acquisition CostsFulfillment Costs
 (Dollars in millions)
Beginning of period balance$58 46 
Costs incurred32 34 
Amortization(39)(34)
End of period balance$51 46 

Year Ended December 31, 2023
Acquisition CostsFulfillment Costs
 (Dollars in millions)
Beginning of period balance$61 46 
Costs incurred43 38 
Amortization(46)(38)
End of period balance$58 46 
v3.25.0.1
Leases (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]  
Lease cost
Lease expense consisted of the following:

Years Ended December 31,
202420232022
(Dollars in millions)
Operating and short-term lease cost$23 26 25 
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets
Total finance lease cost
Total lease cost$24 27 26 
Supplemental consolidated cash flow statement information related to leases is included below:
Years Ended December 31,
20242023
(Dollars in millions)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for operating leases$24 35 
Financing cash flows for finance leases
Supplemental lease cash flow disclosures
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities$20 15 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities— 
Assets and liabilities
Supplemental consolidated balance sheet information and other information related to leases is included below:
As of December 31,
Leases (Dollars in millions)Classification on the Balance Sheet20242023
Assets
Operating lease assetsOther, net$64 65 
Finance lease assetsProperty, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation
Total leased assets$70 72 
Liabilities
Current
OperatingOther$15 20 
FinanceCurrent maturities of long-term debt— 
Noncurrent
OperatingOther49 47 
FinanceLong-term debt
Total lease liabilities$67 71 
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)
Operating leases5.44.9
Finance leases8.47.7
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases10.52 %4.83 %
Finance leases5.05 %5.89 %
Maturities of operating lease liabilities
As of December 31, 2024, maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:
Operating LeasesFinance Leases
(Dollars in millions)
2025$20 
202617 
202715 
202811 — 
2029— 
Thereafter14 
Total lease payments84 
Less: interest(20)(1)
Total64 
Less: current portion(15)— 
Long-term portion$49 
Maturities of finance lease liabilities
As of December 31, 2024, maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:
Operating LeasesFinance Leases
(Dollars in millions)
2025$20 
202617 
202715 
202811 — 
2029— 
Thereafter14 
Total lease payments84 
Less: interest(20)(1)
Total64 
Less: current portion(15)— 
Long-term portion$49 
v3.25.0.1
Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Credit Loss [Abstract]  
Activity on allowance for credit losses
The following table presents the activity of our allowance for credit losses by accounts receivable portfolio:
BusinessMass MarketsTotal
(Dollars in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2021
$19 19 38 
Provision for expected losses13 47 60 
Write-offs charged against the allowance(14)(50)(64)
Recoveries collected— 
Balance at December 31, 2022
20 16 36 
Provision for expected losses20 46 66 
Write-offs charged against the allowance(26)(43)(69)
Recoveries collected— 
Balance at December 31, 2023
14 20 34 
Provision for expected losses36 45 
Write-offs charged against the allowance(10)(42)(52)
Recoveries collected— 
Balance at December 31, 2024
$13 16 29 
v3.25.0.1
Long-Term Debt and Note Payable - Affiliate (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of long-term debt, including unamortized discounts and premiums
The following chart reflects (i) the consolidated long-term debt of Qwest Corporation and its subsidiaries, including finance lease and other obligations, unamortized premiums, net, unamortized debt issuance costs and (ii) note payable-affiliate:

As of December 31,
Interest Rates (1)
Maturities (1)
20242023
(Dollars in millions)
Senior notes
6.500% - 7.750%
2025 - 2057
$1,973 1,986 
Former term loan(2)
N/A
N/A
— 215 
Finance lease and otherVariousVarious
Unamortized premiums, net
Unamortized debt issuance costs(50)(52)
Total long-term debt1,927 2,157 
Less current maturities(239)(1)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities$1,688 2,156 
_______________________________________________________________________________
N/A - Not applicable
(1) As of December 31, 2024.
(2) Qwest Corporation's Term Loan was due in 2027 and had an interest rate of 7.970% as of December 31, 2023, prior to being cancelled on the TSA Effective Date (as defined below).
Schedule of aggregate maturities of the entity's long-term debt (excluding unamortized premiums, discounts, and other)
Set forth below is the aggregate principal amount of our long-term debt as of December 31, 2024 (excluding unamortized premiums, net, unamortized debt issuance costs) maturing during the following years:

(Dollars in millions)
2025$239 
2026
2027
2028— 
2029— 
2030 and thereafter1,735 
Total long-term debt$1,976 
Schedule of amount of gross interest expense, net of capitalized interest and interest expense (income)-affiliates
Interest expense includes interest on total long-term debt. The following table presents the amount of gross interest expense, net of capitalized interest and interest expense-affiliates, net:

Years Ended December 31,
202420232022
(Dollars in millions)
Interest expense:
Gross interest expense$137 149 141 
Capitalized interest(75)(54)(29)
Total interest expense$62 95 112 
Interest (income) expense-affiliates, net
$(24)(15)60 
v3.25.0.1
Accounts Receivable (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Receivables [Abstract]  
Schedule of the entity's accounts receivable balances
The following table presents details of our accounts receivable balances:

As of December 31,
2024
2023
(Dollars in millions)
Trade and purchased receivables$295 287 
Earned and unbilled (credits) receivables
(67)(15)
Other28 23 
Total accounts receivable256 295 
Less: allowance for credit losses(29)(34)
Accounts receivable, less allowance$227 261 
v3.25.0.1
Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Schedule of net property, plant and equipment
Net property, plant and equipment is composed of the following:

Depreciable
Lives
As of December 31,
20242023
(Dollars in millions)
Property, plant and equipment:
LandN/A$329 334 
Fiber, conduit and other outside plant(1)
15-45 years
8,246 7,126 
Central office and other network electronics(2)
7-10 years
5,792 5,488 
Support assets(3)
3-30 years
2,878 2,845 
Construction in progress(4)
N/A530 1,146 
Gross property, plant and equipment17,775 16,939 
Accumulated depreciation(8,910)(8,239)
Net property, plant and equipment$8,865 8,700 
_______________________________________________________________________________
(1)Fiber, conduit and other outside plant consists of fiber and metallic cable, conduit, poles and other supporting structures.
(2)Central office and other network electronics consists of circuit and packet switches, routers, transmission electronics and electronics providing service to customers.
(3)Support assets consist of buildings, computers and other administrative and support equipment.
(4)Construction in progress includes inventory held for construction and property of the aforementioned categories that has not been placed in service as it is still under construction.
v3.25.0.1
Severance (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Schedule of changes in accrued liabilities for severance expenses
Changes in our accrued liabilities for severance expenses were as follows:

Years Ended December 31,
20242023

(Dollars in millions)
Balance at beginning of period$$
Accrued to expense32 17 
Payments, net(29)(19)
Balance at end of period$$
v3.25.0.1
Employee Benefits (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Schedule of cost allocation of service costs The combined net pension and post-retirement service costs is included in cost of services and products and selling, general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statement of operations, in the amounts for the respective periods presented in the table below:
Years Ended December 31,
20242023
2022

(Dollars in millions)
Allocated pension service costs$20 22 31 
Allocated post-retirement service costs
% of Lumen's total pension and post-retirement service costs86 %87 %72 %
v3.25.0.1
Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Schedule of the three input levels in the hierarchy of fair value measurements
The three input levels in the hierarchy of fair value measurements are defined by the FASB generally as follows:
Input LevelDescription of Input
Level 1Observable inputs such as quoted market prices in active markets.
Level 2Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable.
Level 3Unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists.
Schedule of carrying amounts and estimated fair values of long-term debt, excluding capital lease obligations, and input levels to determine fair values
The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our financial liabilities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, as well as the input level used to determine the fair values indicated below:

As of December 31, 2024As of December 31, 2023
Input
Level
Carrying
Amount
Fair
Value
Carrying
Amount
Fair
Value
(Dollars in millions)
Liabilities-Long-term debt (excluding finance lease and other obligations)2$1,924 1,462 2,153 1,162 
v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of components of the income tax expense from continuing operations
The components of the income tax expense from continuing operations are as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
202420232022
(Dollars in millions)
Income tax expense:
Federal and foreign
Current$396 432 514 
Deferred34 19 
State and local
Current94 107 137 
Deferred14 
Income tax expense$527 561 671 
Schedule of effective income tax rate for continuing operations that differs from the statutory tax rate
The effective income tax rate for continuing operations differs from the statutory tax rate as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
202420232022
(Percentage of pre-tax income (loss))
Effective income tax rate:
Federal statutory income tax rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State income taxes-net of federal effect3.7 %(31.3)%4.3 %
Goodwill impairment
— %(187.2)%— %
Change in liability for unrecognized tax position
1.5 %(8.9)%0.6 %
Other— %(1.4)%— %
Effective income tax rate26.2 %(207.8)%25.9 %
Schedule of components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities
The tax effects of temporary differences that gave rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities were as follows:

As of December 31,
20242023
(Dollars in millions)
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property, plant and equipment$(1,524)(1,464)
Intangible assets(83)(95)
Other(40)(50)
Total deferred tax liabilities(1,647)(1,609)
Deferred tax assets:
Payable to affiliate due to post-retirement benefit plan participation312 292 
Other— 
Gross deferred tax assets313 292 
Net deferred tax assets313 292 
Net deferred tax liabilities$(1,334)(1,317)
Reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits
A reconciliation of the change in our gross unrecognized tax benefits (excluding both interest and any related federal benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

Years ended December 31,
20242023
 (Dollars in millions)
Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of period$317 332 
Decrease due to tax positions taken in a prior year(11)(1)
Decrease due to tax positions taken in a current year(13)(14)
Unrecognized tax benefits at end of period$293 317 
v3.25.0.1
Affiliate Transactions (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]  
Schedule of affiliated revenue
The following table provides details of affiliate revenue:

Years Ended December 31,
2024
2023
2022
 (Dollars in millions)
Direct affiliate revenue
$1,665 1,622 1,697 
Allocated affiliate revenue
584 537 597 
Total affiliate revenue
$2,249 2,159 2,294 
v3.25.0.1
Commitments, Contingencies and Other Items (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Future rental commitments and right-of-way agreements
At December 31, 2024, our future rental commitments and Right-of-Way ("ROW") agreements were as follows:

(Dollars in millions)
2025$29 
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030 and thereafter43 
Total future minimum payments
$94 
v3.25.0.1
Other Financial Information (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of other current assets
The following table presents details of other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets:

As of December 31,
20242023
(Dollars in millions)
Prepaid expenses$98 48 
Contract acquisition costs26 34 
Contract fulfillment costs26 28 
Assets held for sale
— 29 
Other
Total other current assets$152 144 
Schedule of other current liabilities
The following table presents details of other current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets:

As of December 31,
20242023
(Dollars in millions)
Current affiliate obligation$48 52 
Current operating lease liability15 20 
Other54 49 
Total other current liabilities$117 121 
Schedule of other noncurrent liabilities
The following table presents details of other noncurrent liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets:

As of December 31,
20242023
(Dollars in millions)
Unrecognized tax benefits$453 442 
Deferred revenue97 109 
Noncurrent operating lease liability49 47 
Other86 81 
Total other noncurrent liabilities$685 679 
v3.25.0.1
Stockholder's Equity (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]  
Schedule of cash dividends declared
We declared and paid the following cash dividend to QSC:

Years Ended December 31,
202420232022
(Dollars in millions)
Cash dividend declared to QSC$— 1,980 — 
Cash dividend paid to QSC(1)
— 1,980 — 
______________________________________________________________________
(1) In 2023, we declared a dividend of advances to affiliate to our parent.
v3.25.0.1
Background and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - General (Details)
Dec. 31, 2024
state
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Number of states in which entity operates 14
v3.25.0.1
Background and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Segments (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
segment
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Number of reportable segments 1
v3.25.0.1
Background and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
reporting_unit
segment
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Statement [Line Items]    
Bank overdrafts $ 1 $ 0
Accounts receivable, period past due 30 days  
Number of reporting units | reporting_unit 1  
Number of operating segments | segment 1  
Capitalized software    
Statement [Line Items]    
Finite-lived intangible assets, maximum useful life 7 years  
Affiliated Entity | Pension, Supplemental and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Statement [Line Items]    
Pension settlement term 30 years  
Revenue from affiliate $ 52 57
Affiliated Entity | Pension, Supplemental and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Statement [Line Items]    
Revenue from affiliate $ 52 $ 57
Minimum    
Statement [Line Items]    
Contract term 1 year  
Maximum    
Statement [Line Items]    
Contract term 5 years  
Customer relationship period for revenue recognition 20 years  
Average | Consumer customers, average contract life    
Statement [Line Items]    
Customer life 50 months  
Average | Business customer, average contract life    
Statement [Line Items]    
Customer life 35 months  
v3.25.0.1
Background and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Change in Accounting Estimates (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Jan. 01, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]        
Depreciation $ (712) $ (756) $ (781)  
Change in Accounting Method Accounted for as Change in Estimate        
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]        
Depreciation 101      
Depreciation, net of tax 77      
Service Life        
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]        
Depreciation 24      
Depreciation, net of tax $ 18      
Fiber Network Assets        
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]        
Estimated economic life   25 years   30 years
v3.25.0.1
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Schedule of Goodwill (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]          
Goodwill   $ 6,955 $ 6,955 $ 6,955 $ 9,360
Accumulated impairment losses   2,405 2,405 2,405  
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]          
Finite-lived intangible assets, net   84 84 103  
Goodwill impairment $ 2,400 0 0 2,405 $ 0
Other intangible assets          
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]          
Finite-lived intangible assets, net   84 84 103  
Accumulated amortization   $ 1,841 $ 1,841 $ 1,966  
v3.25.0.1
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Details)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
reporting_unit
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2024
Oct. 31, 2023
Oct. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]            
Intangible assets, gross (including goodwill) $ 8,900 $ 9,000        
Number of reporting units | reporting_unit 1          
Estimated fair value in excess of carrying value of equity (as a percent)       11.00%   24.00%
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]            
Amortization of intangible assets $ 41 $ 67 $ 79      
Maximum | Measurement Input, EBITDA Multiple            
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]            
Goodwill Impairment, Measurement Input       10.5 8.4  
Maximum | Measurement Input, Revenue Multiple            
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]            
Goodwill Impairment, Measurement Input       4.3 3.5  
Minimum | Measurement Input, EBITDA Multiple            
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]            
Goodwill Impairment, Measurement Input       4.6 4.8  
Minimum | Measurement Input, Revenue Multiple            
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]            
Goodwill Impairment, Measurement Input       1.5 1.5  
Capitalized software            
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]            
Acquired finite-lived intangible assets, weighted average useful life 3 years          
v3.25.0.1
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Rollforward Goodwill (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill Activity          
As of beginning of period     $ 6,955 $ 9,360  
Impairment $ (2,400) $ 0 0 (2,405) $ 0
As of end of period   6,955 6,955 6,955 $ 9,360
Accumulated impairment losses   $ 2,405 $ 2,405 $ 2,405  
v3.25.0.1
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Schedule of Future Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]    
2025 $ 27  
2026 17  
2027 13  
2028 10  
2029 6  
2030 and thereafter 11  
Total finite-lived intangible assets future amortization expense $ 84 $ 103
v3.25.0.1
Revenue Recognition - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total operating revenue $ 5,508 $ 5,915 $ 6,449
Adjustments for Non-ASC 606 Revenue (285) (315) (373)
Total Revenue from Contracts with Customers 5,223 5,600 6,076
Goods and services transferred at a point in time      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total Revenue from Contracts with Customers 13 23 28
Services performed over time      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total Revenue from Contracts with Customers 5,210 5,577 6,048
Other Broadband      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total operating revenue 932 1,111 1,275
Adjustments for Non-ASC 606 Revenue (79) (95) (106)
Total Revenue from Contracts with Customers 853 1,016 1,169
Voice and Other      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total operating revenue 521 589 691
Adjustments for Non-ASC 606 Revenue (14) (16) (31)
Total Revenue from Contracts with Customers 507 573 660
Fiber Broadband      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total operating revenue 377 473 462
Adjustments for Non-ASC 606 Revenue (12) (12) (12)
Total Revenue from Contracts with Customers 365 461 450
Harvest      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total operating revenue 939 1,047 1,134
Adjustments for Non-ASC 606 Revenue (118) (139) (161)
Total Revenue from Contracts with Customers 821 908 973
Nuture      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total operating revenue 357 393 435
Adjustments for Non-ASC 606 Revenue (8) (8) (9)
Total Revenue from Contracts with Customers 349 385 426
Grow      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total operating revenue 133 143 158
Adjustments for Non-ASC 606 Revenue (6) 0 (9)
Total Revenue from Contracts with Customers 127 143 149
Affiliate Services      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total operating revenue 2,249 2,159 2,294
Adjustments for Non-ASC 606 Revenue (48) (45) (45)
Total Revenue from Contracts with Customers $ 2,201 $ 2,114 $ 2,249
v3.25.0.1
Revenue Recognition - Customer Receivables and Contract Balances (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]      
Customer receivables $ 205 $ 210  
Contract assets 0 7  
Contract liabilities 244 269 $ 343
Customer receivable allowance for credit loss $ 23 $ 29  
v3.25.0.1
Revenue Recognition - Additional Information (Details)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 07, 2020
USD ($)
Mar. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2021
USD ($)
state
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]            
Revenue included in contract liability     $ 175 $ 169    
Contract liabilities     244 269   $ 343
Performance obligation, amount     2,200      
Non-customer revenue under government assistance programs     31 $ 36    
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-01-01            
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]            
Performance obligation, amount     944      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-01-01            
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]            
Performance obligation, amount     832      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2027-01-01            
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]            
Performance obligation, amount     $ 452      
State Universal Service Fund Support Programs            
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]            
Non-customer revenue associate with state universal service fund support programs (as a percent)     29.00% 24.00%    
CAF Phase II Program | Lumen            
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]            
Non-customer revenue under government assistance programs         $ 500  
CAF Phase II Program | Qwest Corporation            
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]            
Non-customer revenue under government assistance programs         $ 145  
Number of states where required to meet infrastructure buildout requirements | state         13  
Previously deferred revenue recognized   $ 13        
RDOF Phase I Program            
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]            
Allocated support payments $ 6,400          
Transaction duration 10 years          
Minimum            
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]            
Contract term     1 year      
Maximum            
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]            
Contract term     5 years      
Average | Consumer customers, average contract life            
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]            
Customer life     50 months      
Average | Business customer, average contract life            
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]            
Customer life     35 months      
v3.25.0.1
Revenue Recognition - Performance Obligations (Details)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]  
GovernmentAssistanceStatementOfIncomeOrComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleEnumerationNotDisclosedFlag true
Performance obligation, amount $ 2,200
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-01-01  
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]  
Performance obligation, period 1 year
Performance obligation, amount $ 944
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-01-01  
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]  
Performance obligation, period 1 year
Performance obligation, amount $ 832
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2027-01-01  
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]  
Performance obligation, period
Performance obligation, amount $ 452
v3.25.0.1
Revenue Recognition - Contract Costs (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Acquisition Costs    
Capitalized Contract Costs [Roll Forward]    
Beginning of period balance $ 58 $ 61
Costs incurred 32 43
Amortization (39) (46)
End of period balance 51 58
Fulfillment Costs    
Capitalized Contract Costs [Roll Forward]    
Beginning of period balance 46 46
Costs incurred 34 38
Amortization (34) (38)
End of period balance $ 46 $ 46
v3.25.0.1
Leases - Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]      
Operating and short-term lease cost $ 23 $ 26 $ 25
Finance lease cost:      
Amortization of right-of-use assets 1 1 1
Total finance lease cost 1 1 1
Total lease cost $ 24 $ 27 $ 26
v3.25.0.1
Leases - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]      
Gross rental expense $ 24 $ 27 $ 26
Sublease rental income 9 8 9
Operating lease, lease income $ 273 $ 304 $ 346
Operating lease, lease income (as a percent) 5.00% 5.00% 5.00%
Operating lease, lease income Revenues Revenues Revenues
v3.25.0.1
Leases - Supplemental Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Assets    
Operating lease assets $ 64 $ 65
Finance lease assets 6 7
Total leased assets $ 70 $ 72
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Other, net Other, net
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List] Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $8,910 and $8,239 Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $8,910 and $8,239
Current    
Operating $ 15 $ 20
Finance $ 0 $ 1
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List] Other Other
Finance Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List] Current maturities of long-term debt Current maturities of long-term debt
Noncurrent    
Operating $ 49 $ 47
Finance 3 3
Total lease liabilities $ 67 $ 71
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List] Other Other
Finance Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List] LONG-TERM DEBT LONG-TERM DEBT
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)    
Operating leases 5 years 4 months 24 days 4 years 10 months 24 days
Finance leases 8 years 4 months 24 days 7 years 8 months 12 days
Weighted-average discount rate    
Operating leases 10.52% 4.83%
Finance leases 5.05% 5.89%
v3.25.0.1
Leases - Supplemental Cash Flows (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:    
Operating cash flows for operating leases $ 24 $ 35
Financing cash flows for finance leases 1 2
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities 20 15
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities $ 0 $ 3
v3.25.0.1
Leases - Maturities of Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Operating Leases    
2025 $ 20  
2026 17  
2027 15  
2028 11  
2029 7  
Thereafter 14  
Total lease payments 84  
Less: interest (20)  
Total 64  
Less: current portion (15) $ (20)
Long-term portion 49 47
Finance Leases    
2025 1  
2026 1  
2027 1  
2028 0  
2029 0  
Thereafter 1  
Total lease payments 4  
Less: interest (1)  
Total 3  
Less: current portion 0 (1)
Long-term portion $ 3 $ 3
v3.25.0.1
Credit Losses on Financial Instruments - Finance Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss      
Beginning balance $ 34 $ 36 $ 38
Provision for expected losses 45 66 60
Write-offs charged against the allowance (52) (69) (64)
Recoveries collected 2 1 2
Ending balance 29 34 36
Business      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss      
Beginning balance 14 20 19
Provision for expected losses 9 20 13
Write-offs charged against the allowance (10) (26) (14)
Recoveries collected 0 0 2
Ending balance 13 14 20
Mass Markets      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss      
Beginning balance 20 16 19
Provision for expected losses 36 46 47
Write-offs charged against the allowance (42) (43) (50)
Recoveries collected 2 1 0
Ending balance $ 16 $ 20 $ 16
v3.25.0.1
Long-Term Debt and Note Payable - Affiliate - Schedule of Long-Term Debt (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Long-term debt    
Long-term debt, gross $ 1,976  
Unamortized premiums, net 1 $ 4
Unamortized debt issuance costs (50) (52)
Total long-term debt 1,927 2,157
Less current maturities (239) (1)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities 1,688 2,156
Senior notes    
Long-term debt    
Long-term debt, gross $ 1,973 1,986
Senior notes | Minimum    
Long-term debt    
Stated interest rate 6.50%  
Senior notes | Maximum    
Long-term debt    
Stated interest rate 7.75%  
Term loan    
Long-term debt    
Long-term debt, gross $ 0 $ 215
Interest rate on term loan   7.97%
Finance lease and other    
Long-term debt    
Long-term debt, gross $ 3 $ 4
v3.25.0.1
Long-Term Debt and Note Payable - Affiliate - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Sep. 30, 2022
Jun. 30, 2022
Dec. 31, 2024
Senior notes      
Long-term debt      
Repurchased face amount     $ 13
Note payable - affiliate | Affiliated entity | Qwest Corporation      
Long-term debt      
Maximum borrowing capacity   $ 2,000  
Note Payable - Affiliate, term subject to automatic renewal   12 months  
Note Payable - Affiliate, period to provide notice of intent not to renew   30 days  
Note Payable - Affiliate, period to pay interest from end of Interest Period   30 days  
Note Payable - Affiliate, outstanding principal repaid $ 1,200    
Note Payable - Affiliate, interest repaid $ 43    
v3.25.0.1
Long-Term Debt and Note Payable - Affiliate - Schedule of Debt Maturity (Details)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Maturities of long-term debt (excluding unamortized premiums and discounts and unamortized debt issuance costs and other and excluding note payable-affiliate)  
2025 $ 239
2026 1
2027 1
2028 0
2029 0
2030 and thereafter 1,735
Total long-term debt $ 1,976
v3.25.0.1
Long-Term Debt and Note Payable - Affiliate - Interest Expense (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Amount of gross interest expense, net of capitalized interest and interest expense - affiliates      
Gross interest expense $ 137 $ 149 $ 141
Capitalized interest (75) (54) (29)
Total interest expense 62 95 112
Affiliated Entity      
Long-term debt      
Interest (income) expense-affiliates, net $ (24) $ (15)  
Interest (income) expense-affiliates, net     $ 60
v3.25.0.1
Accounts Receivable - Schedule of Accounts Receivable (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Accounts receivable    
Total accounts receivable $ 256 $ 295
Earned and unbilled (credits) receivables (67) (15)
Other 28 23
Less: allowance for credit losses (29) (34)
Accounts receivable, less allowance 227 261
Trade and purchased receivables    
Accounts receivable    
Total accounts receivable $ 295 $ 287
v3.25.0.1
Accounts Receivable - Allowance for Credit Losses (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]        
Cumulative effect of new accounting principle in period of adoption, net of tax $ 12,243 $ 10,756 $ 13,567  
Tax effect 527 561 671  
RETAINED EARNINGS        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]        
Cumulative effect of new accounting principle in period of adoption, net of tax $ 2,193 $ 706 $ 3,517 $ 1,598
v3.25.0.1
Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]      
Depreciation expense $ 712 $ 756 $ 781
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Gross property, plant and equipment 17,775 16,939  
Accumulated depreciation (8,910) (8,239)  
Net property, plant and equipment 8,865 8,700  
Land      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Gross property, plant and equipment 329 334  
Fiber, conduit and other outside plant      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Gross property, plant and equipment $ 8,246 7,126  
Fiber, conduit and other outside plant | Minimum      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Depreciable Lives 15 years    
Fiber, conduit and other outside plant | Maximum      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Depreciable Lives 45 years    
Central office and other network electronics      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Gross property, plant and equipment $ 5,792 5,488  
Central office and other network electronics | Minimum      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Depreciable Lives 7 years    
Central office and other network electronics | Maximum      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Depreciable Lives 10 years    
Support assets      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Gross property, plant and equipment $ 2,878 2,845  
Support assets | Minimum      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Depreciable Lives 3 years    
Support assets | Maximum      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Depreciable Lives 30 years    
Construction in progress      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Gross property, plant and equipment $ 530 $ 1,146  
v3.25.0.1
Severance (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Severance [Roll Forward]      
RestructuringIncurredCostStatementOfIncomeOrComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleEnumerationNotDisclosedFlag   true  
Severance      
Severance [Roll Forward]      
Balance at beginning of period   $ 1 $ 3
Accrued to expense   32 17
Payments, net   (29) (19)
Balance at end of period   $ 4 $ 1
Severance | Workforce Reduction      
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]      
Percentage of workforce eliminated 3.00%    
Restructuring costs $ 25    
v3.25.0.1
Employee Benefits - Pension and Post-Retirement Benefits (Details) - Affiliated Entity - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Pension Plan    
Employee Benefits    
Employer contributions to benefit plan $ 170 $ 0
Unfunded status 645 769
Post-Retirement Benefit Plan    
Employee Benefits    
Unfunded status $ 1,700 1,900
Pension, Supplemental and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Employee Benefits    
Pension settlement term 30 years  
Revenue from affiliate $ 52 $ 57
v3.25.0.1
Employee Benefits - Cost Allocation (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Affiliated Entity      
Employee Benefits      
Allocated expenses by parent entities (as a percent) 86.00% 87.00% 72.00%
Pension Plan      
Employee Benefits      
Defined benefit plan, service cost $ 20 $ 22 $ 31
Post-Retirement Benefit Plan      
Employee Benefits      
Defined benefit plan, service cost $ 4 $ 4 $ 7
v3.25.0.1
Employee Benefits - Health Care and Life Insurance (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]      
Health care benefit expenses $ 99 $ 101 $ 99
v3.25.0.1
Employee Benefits - 401(k) Plans (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]      
Costs recognized for 401(k) Plan $ 25 $ 27 $ 27
v3.25.0.1
Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Details) - Fair value, measurements, nonrecurring - Fair value inputs, Level 2 - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Carrying Amount    
Liabilities    
Liabilities-Long-term debt (excluding finance lease and other obligations) $ 1,924 $ 2,153
Fair Value    
Liabilities    
Liabilities-Long-term debt (excluding finance lease and other obligations) $ 1,462 $ 1,162
v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes - Income Tax Expense (Benefit) by Current and Deferred (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Federal and foreign      
Current $ 396 $ 432 $ 514
Deferred 34 19 6
State and local      
Current 94 107 137
Deferred 3 3 14
Income tax expense $ 527 $ 561 $ 671
v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Effective to Statutory Tax Rates (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Effective income tax rate:      
Federal statutory income tax rate 21.00% 21.00% 21.00%
State income taxes-net of federal effect 3.70% (31.30%) 4.30%
Goodwill impairment 0.00% (187.20%) 0.00%
Change in liability for unrecognized tax position 1.50% (8.90%) 0.60%
Other 0.00% (1.40%) 0.00%
Effective income tax rate 26.20% (207.80%) 25.90%
v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]      
Valuation allowance $ 0 $ 0  
Net deferred tax liabilities 1,334,000,000 1,317,000,000  
Unrecognized tax benefits that would impact effective income tax rate 0    
Liabilities recorded for interest related to uncertain tax positions 160,000,000 125,000,000  
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]      
Income taxes paid (received) 497,000,000 509,000,000 $ 673,000,000
Unfavorable impact of non-deductible goodwill impairments   505,000,000  
Qwest Services Corporation      
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]      
Income taxes paid (received) $ 497,000,000 $ 509,000,000 $ 673,000,000
v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Assets (Liabilities) (Details) - USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Deferred tax liabilities:    
Property, plant and equipment $ (1,524,000,000) $ (1,464,000,000)
Intangible assets (83,000,000) (95,000,000)
Other (40,000,000) (50,000,000)
Total deferred tax liabilities (1,647,000,000) (1,609,000,000)
Deferred tax assets:    
Payable to affiliate due to post-retirement benefit plan participation 312,000,000 292,000,000
Other 1,000,000 0
Gross deferred tax assets 313,000,000 292,000,000
Less valuation allowance on deferred tax assets 0 0
Net deferred tax assets 313,000,000 292,000,000
Net deferred tax liabilities $ (1,334,000,000) $ (1,317,000,000)
v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes - Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Unrecognized Tax Benefits [Roll Forward]    
Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of period $ 317 $ 332
Decrease due to tax positions taken in a current year (11) (1)
Decrease due to tax positions taken in a current year (13) (14)
Unrecognized tax benefits at end of period $ 293 $ 317
v3.25.0.1
Affiliate Transactions (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]      
Revenues $ 5,508 $ 5,915 $ 6,449
Affiliated Entity      
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]      
Revenues 2,249 2,159 2,294
Affiliated Entity | Direct affiliate revenue      
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]      
Revenues 1,665 1,622 1,697
Affiliated Entity | Allocated affiliate revenue      
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]      
Revenues $ 584 $ 537 $ 597
v3.25.0.1
Commitments, Contingencies and Other Items - Additional Information (Details)
1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 30, 2021
People
lawsuit
Sep. 30, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
lawsuit
patent
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]        
Estimate of possible loss     $ 17,000,000 $ 15,000,000
Loss contingency, number of people killed | People 2      
Number of patents allegedly Infringed, minimum | patent     1  
Marshall Fire Litigation | Pending Litigation        
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]        
New claims filed | lawsuit 300      
Number of lawsuits | lawsuit     3  
Marshall Fire Litigation | Pending Litigation | Minimum        
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]        
Estimate of possible loss     $ 2,000,000,000  
Statutory Damages | FCPA Litigation | Judicial Ruling        
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]        
Payments to compensate class members   $ 500    
Punitive Damages | FCPA Litigation | Judicial Ruling        
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]        
Payments to compensate class members   $ 2,000    
Unfavorable Regulatory Action        
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]        
Estimate of possible loss     $ 300,000  
v3.25.0.1
Commitments, Contingencies and Other Items - Future Rental Commitments and Right-of-Way (Details) - Future Rental Commitments and Right-Of-Way Agreements
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Other Commitments [Line Items]  
2025 $ 29
2026 7
2027 7
2028 4
2029 4
2030 and thereafter 43
Total future minimum payments $ 94
v3.25.0.1
Commitments, Contingencies and Other Items - Purchase Commitments (Details)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Total purchase commitments $ 87
Purchase obligation, 2025 9
Purchase obligation, 2026 through 2027 18
Purchase obligation, 2028 through 2029 19
Purchase obligation, 2030 and thereafter $ 41
v3.25.0.1
Other Financial Information - Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]    
Prepaid expenses $ 98 $ 48
Contract acquisition costs 26 34
Contract fulfillment costs 26 28
Assets held for sale 0 29
Other 2 5
Total other current assets $ 152 $ 144
v3.25.0.1
Other Financial Information - Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]    
Current affiliate obligation $ 48 $ 52
Current operating lease liability 15 20
Other 54 49
Total other current liabilities 117 121
Capital expenditures included in accounts payable $ 57 $ 116
v3.25.0.1
Other Financial Information - Other Noncurrent Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]    
Unrecognized tax benefits $ 453 $ 442
Deferred revenue 97 109
Noncurrent operating lease liability 49 47
Other 86 81
Total other noncurrent liabilities $ 685 $ 679
v3.25.0.1
Labor Union Contracts (Details) - Unionized employees concentration risk
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Employees represented by CWA or IBEW  
Concentration Risk [Line Items]  
Concentration risk percentage 42.00%
Workforce Subject to Collective-Bargaining Arrangements  
Concentration Risk [Line Items]  
Concentration risk percentage 1.00%
v3.25.0.1
Stockholder's Equity (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]      
Cash dividend declared $ 0 $ 1,980 $ 0
Cash dividend paid $ 0 $ 1,980 $ 0