QWEST CORP, 10-K filed on 3/2/2017
Annual Report
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Document and Entity Information - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Mar. 02, 2017
Jun. 30, 2016
Document and Entity Information      
Entity Registrant Name QWEST CORP    
Entity Central Index Key 0000068622    
Document Type 10-K    
Document Period End Date Dec. 31, 2016    
Amendment Flag false    
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31    
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer No    
Entity Voluntary Filers No    
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes    
Entity Filer Category Non-accelerated Filer    
Entity Public Float     $ 0
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (shares)   1  
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2016    
Document Fiscal Period Focus FY    
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
OPERATING REVENUES      
Operating revenues $ 6,247 $ 6,557 $ 6,676
Operating revenues - affiliates 2,663 2,407 2,162
Total operating revenues 8,910 8,964 8,838
OPERATING EXPENSES      
Cost of services and products (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) 2,934 2,872 2,879
Selling, general and administrative 1,022 1,015 1,086
Operating expenses - affiliates 941 960 756
Depreciation and amortization 1,691 1,857 2,005
Total operating expenses 6,588 6,704 6,726
OPERATING INCOME 2,322 2,260 2,112
OTHER (EXPENSE) INCOME      
Interest expense (478) (473) (464)
Interest expense - affiliates, net (59) (53) (40)
Other (expense) income, net (22) (1) 1
Total other expense, net (559) (527) (503)
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSE 1,763 1,733 1,609
Income tax expense 678 659 639
NET INCOME $ 1,085 $ 1,074 $ 970
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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
CURRENT ASSETS    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 5 $ 3
Accounts receivable, less allowance of $53 and $47 700 688
Advances to affiliates 872 788
Other 129 123
Total current assets 1,706 1,602
NET PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT    
Property, plant and equipment 13,247 12,182
Accumulated depreciation (5,602) (4,808)
Net property, plant and equipment 7,645 7,374
GOODWILL AND OTHER ASSETS    
Goodwill 9,354 9,354
Other intangible assets, net 471 613
Other, net 96 92
Total goodwill and other assets 11,798 12,494
TOTAL ASSETS 21,149 21,470
CURRENT LIABILITIES    
Current maturities of long-term debt 514 242
Accounts payable 398 369
Note payable - affiliate 914 855
Accrued expenses and other liabilities    
Salaries and benefits 273 211
Income and other taxes 175 189
Other 122 135
Current affiliate obligations, net 87 97
Advance billings and customer deposits 313 324
Total current liabilities 2,796 2,422
LONG-TERM DEBT 6,747 6,997
DEFERRED CREDITS AND OTHER LIABILITIES    
Deferred revenues 131 137
Deferred income taxes, net 1,773 1,896
Affiliate obligations, net 944 1,051
Other 66 60
Total deferred credits and other liabilities 2,914 3,144
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 15)
STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY    
Common stock - one share without par value, owned by Qwest Services Corporation 10,050 10,050
Accumulated deficit (1,358) (1,143)
Total stockholder's equity 8,692 8,907
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY 21,149 21,470
Customer Relationships    
Customer relationships, net $ 1,877 $ 2,435
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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]    
Accounts receivable, allowance (in dollars) $ 53 $ 47
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares) 1 1
Common stock, shares issued (in shares) 1 1
Common stock, value outstanding $ 10,050 $ 10,050
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
OPERATING ACTIVITIES      
Net income $ 1,085 $ 1,074 $ 970
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:      
Depreciation and amortization 1,691 1,857 2,005
Deferred income taxes (123) (189) (228)
Provision for uncollectible accounts 80 78 64
Net long-term debt issuance costs and premium amortization (12) (18) (38)
Accrued interest on affiliate note 59 59 42
Net loss on early retirement of debt 27 0 0
Impairment of asset 11 0 17
Changes in current assets and liabilities:      
Accounts receivable (92) (26) (66)
Accounts payable 5 (79) (9)
Accrued income and other taxes (14) (8) (9)
Other current assets and liabilities, net 47 1 34
Other current assets and liabilities - affiliates 0 (4) 9
Changes in other noncurrent assets and liabilities, net 1 (30) 1
Changes in affiliate obligations, net (117) (123) 8
Other, net 4 (1) 1
Net cash provided by operating activities 2,652 2,591 2,801
INVESTING ACTIVITIES      
Payments for property, plant and equipment and capitalized software (1,259) (1,247) (1,165)
Changes in advances to affiliates (84) 24 (100)
Proceeds from sale of property 9 3 14
Net cash used in investing activities (1,334) (1,220) (1,251)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES      
Net proceeds from issuance of long-term debt 1,173 495 483
Payments of long-term debt (1,189) (517) (641)
Early retirement of debt costs 0 (2) 0
Dividends paid to Qwest Services Corporation (1,300) (1,350) (1,400)
Net cash used in financing activities (1,316) (1,374) (1,558)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 2 (3) (8)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 3 6 14
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period 5 3 6
Supplemental cash flow information:      
Income taxes paid, net (801) (848) (861)
Interest paid (net of capitalized interest of $19, $18 and $17) $ (488) $ (497) $ (505)
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]      
Interest paid, capitalized interest $ 19 $ 18 $ 17
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY (DEFICIT) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Total
COMMON STOCK
ACCUMULATED DEFICIT
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2013   $ 10,050 $ (437)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholder's Equity      
Net income $ 970   970
Dividends declared to Qwest Services Corporation (1,400)   (1,400)
Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2014 9,183 10,050 (867)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholder's Equity      
Net income 1,074   1,074
Dividends declared to Qwest Services Corporation (1,350)   (1,350)
Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2015 8,907 10,050 (1,143)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholder's Equity      
Net income 1,085   1,085
Dividends declared to Qwest Services Corporation (1,300)   (1,300)
Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2016 $ 8,692 $ 10,050 $ (1,358)
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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation and Summary of SIgnificant Accounting Policies
Background and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
General
We are an integrated communications company engaged primarily in providing an array of communications services to our residential and business customers. Our communications services include local voice, broadband, private line (including special access), network access, Ethernet, information technology, video and other ancillary services. In certain local and regional markets, we also provide local access and fiber transport services to competitive local exchange carriers.
We generate the majority of our total consolidated operating revenues from services provided in the 14-state region of Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington and Wyoming. We refer to this region as our local service area.
On April 1, 2011, our indirect parent QCII became a wholly-owned subsidiary of CenturyLink, Inc. in a tax-free, stock-for-stock transaction.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our subsidiaries. Intercompany amounts and transactions with our consolidated subsidiaries have been eliminated. Transactions with our non-consolidated affiliates (referred to herein as affiliates) have not been eliminated.
In 2015, our ultimate parent company, CenturyLink, Inc. ("CenturyLink"), changed their allocation methodology with respect to their now centrally managed pension and post-retirement plans. Specifically, under this new methodology, CenturyLink will allocate current service costs to subsidiaries relative to employees which are currently earning benefits under the pension and post-retirement benefit plans. The net periodic benefit cost allocated to us is now paid on a monthly basis through CenturyLink’s intercompany cash management process. The change in methodology resulted in a decrease of $7 million to our net periodic benefit cost for the year ended December 31, 2015.
We reclassified certain prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation, including the categorization of our revenues. See Note 9—Products and Services Revenues for additional information. These changes had no impact on total operating revenues, total operating expenses or net income for any period presented.
Connect America Fund
In 2015, CenturyLink accepted Connect America Fund ("CAF") funding from the Federal Communications Commission ("FCC") of approximately $500 million per year for six years to fund the deployment of voice and broadband capable infrastructure for approximately 1.2 million rural households and businesses in 33 states under the CAF Phase 2 high-cost support program. The funding from the CAF Phase 2 support program has substantially replaced the funding from the interstate Universal Service Fund ("USF") program that we previously utilized to support voice services in high-cost rural markets in these 33 states. Of these amounts, approximately $150 million is attributable to our service area, to provide service to approximately 0.3 million rural households and businesses in 13 states. In late 2015, we began receiving these monthly support payments from the FCC under the new CAF Phase 2 support program, which included (i) monthly support payments at a higher rate than under the interstate USF support program and (ii) a substantial one-time transitional payment, designed to align the prior USF payments with the new CAF Phase 2 payments for the full year 2015. For 2016, we continued to receive the monthly support payments at the higher rate than under the interstate USF support program. We recorded $95 million more revenue from the CAF Phase 2 program for each of the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 than the projected amounts we would have otherwise recorded during the same periods under the interstate USF support program.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. These accounting principles require us to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. We believe that the estimates, judgments and assumptions we make when accounting for specific items and matters, including, but not limited to, long-term contracts, customer retention patterns, allowance for doubtful accounts, depreciation, amortization, asset valuations, rates used for affiliate cost allocations, internal labor capitalization rates, recoverability of assets (including deferred tax assets), impairment assessments, taxes, certain liabilities and other provisions and contingencies, are reasonable, based on information available at the time they are made. Our accounting for CenturyLink's indirect acquisition of us required extensive use of estimates in determining the acquisition date fair values of our assets and liabilities. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can materially affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and components of stockholder's equity as of the dates of the consolidated balance sheets, as well as the reported amounts of revenues, expenses and components of cash flows during the periods presented in our other consolidated financial statements. We also make estimates in our assessments of potential losses in relation to threatened or pending tax and legal matters. See Note 11—Income Taxes and Note 15—Commitments and Contingencies for additional information.
For matters not related to income taxes, if a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, we recognize an expense for the estimated loss. If we have the potential to recover a portion of the estimated loss from a third party, we make a separate assessment of recoverability and reduce the estimated loss if recovery is also deemed probable.
For matters related to income taxes, if we determine that the impact of an uncertain tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority, then we recognize a benefit for the largest amount that is more likely than not to be sustained. No portion of an uncertain tax position will be recognized if the position has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Interest is recognized on the amount of unrecognized benefit from uncertain tax positions.
For all of these and other matters, actual results could differ materially from our estimates.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue for services when the related services are provided. Recognition of certain payments received in advance of services being provided is deferred until the service is provided. These advance payments include activation and installation charges, which we recognize as revenue over the expected customer relationship period, which ranges from two to thirteen years depending on the service. We also defer costs for customer activations and installations. The deferral of customer activation and installation costs is limited to the amount of revenue deferred on advance payments. Costs in excess of advance payments are recorded as expense in the period such costs are incurred. Expected customer relationship periods are estimated using historical experience. In most cases, termination fees or other fees on existing contracts that are negotiated in conjunction with new contracts are deferred and recognized over the new contract term.
We offer bundle discounts to our customers who receive certain groupings of services. These bundle discounts are recognized concurrently with the associated revenue and are allocated to the various services in the bundled offering based on the estimated selling price of services included in each bundled combination.
Customer arrangements that include both equipment and services are evaluated to determine whether the elements are separable. If the elements are deemed separable and separate earnings processes exist, the revenue associated with the customer arrangement is allocated to each element based on the relative estimated selling price of the separate elements. We have estimated the selling prices of each element by reference to vendor-specific objective evidence of selling prices when the elements are sold separately. The revenue associated with each element is then recognized as earned. For example, if we receive an advance payment when we sell equipment and continuing service together, we immediately recognize as revenue the amount allocated to the equipment as long as all the conditions for revenue recognition have been satisfied. The portion of the advance payment allocated to the service based upon its relative selling price is recognized ratably over the longer of the contractual period or the expected customer relationship period.
In connection with offering products and services provided by third-party vendors, we review the relationship between us, the vendor and the end customer to assess whether revenue should be reported on a gross or net basis. In assessing whether revenue should be reported on a gross or net basis, we consider whether we act as a principal in the transaction, take title to the products, have risk and rewards of ownership or act as an agent or broker. Based on CenturyLink's agreements with DIRECTV and Verizon Wireless, we offer these services through sales agency relationships which are reported on a net basis.
Affiliate Transactions
We provide to our affiliates telecommunications services that we also provide to external customers. In addition, we provide to our affiliates computer system development and support services. Services provided by us to our affiliates are recognized as operating revenue-affiliates in our consolidated statements of operations. We also purchase services from our affiliates including telecommunications services, marketing and employee-related support services. Services provided to us from our affiliates are recognized as operating expenses-affiliates on our consolidated statements of operations. Because of the significance of the services we provide to our affiliates and our affiliates provide to us, the results of operations, financial position and cash flows presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations, financial position and cash flows we would have achieved had we operated as a stand-alone entity during the periods presented.
We recognize intercompany charges at the amounts billed to us by our affiliates and we recognize intercompany revenue for services we bill to our affiliates. Regulatory rules require certain revenues and expenses to be recorded at market price or fully distributed cost. Our compliance with regulations is subject to review by regulators. Adjustments to intercompany charges that result from these reviews are recorded in the period they become known.
CenturyLink has cash management arrangements between certain of its subsidiaries that include lines of credit, affiliate obligations, capital contributions and dividends. As part of these cash management arrangements, an affiliate provides lines of credit to certain other affiliates. Amounts outstanding under these lines of credit and intercompany obligations vary from time to time. Under these arrangements, the majority of our cash balance is transferred on a daily basis to CenturyLink and most affiliate transactions are deemed to be settled at the time the transactions are recorded in our accounting records, with the resulting net balance at the end of each period reflected as advances to affiliates on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. From time to time we declare and pay dividends to our parent, QSC, which are settled through the advances to affiliates, which has the net effect of reducing the amount of these advances. Dividends declared are reflected on our consolidated statements of stockholder's equity and the consolidated statements of cash flows reflects the changes in advances to affiliates as investing activities and changes in advances from affiliates as financing activities. Interest is assessed on the advances to/from affiliates on either the three-month U.S T-bill rate (for advances to affiliates) or CenturyLink’s weighted average borrowing rate (for advances from affiliates).
The affiliate obligations, net in current and noncurrent liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets primarily represents the cumulative allocation of expense, net of payments, associated with QCII’s pension plans and post-retirement benefits plans prior to the plan mergers. In 2015, we agreed to a plan to settle the outstanding affiliate obligations, net balance with QCII over a 30 year term. Payments will be made on a monthly basis. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, we made settlement payments of $97 million and $105 million, respectively, to QCII on our affiliate obligations, net balance. Changes in the affiliate obligations, net are reflected in operating activities on our consolidated statements of cash flows.
In the normal course of business, we transfer assets to and from various affiliates through our parent, QSC, which are recorded through our equity. It is our policy to record asset transfers based on carrying values.
USF Surcharges, Gross Receipts Taxes and Other Surcharges
In determining whether to include in our revenues and expenses the taxes and surcharges collected from customers and remitted to government authorities, including USF surcharges, sales, use, value added and some excise taxes, we assess, among other things, whether we are the primary obligor or principal taxpayer for the taxes assessed in each jurisdiction where we do business. In jurisdictions where we determine that we are the principal taxpayer, we record the surcharges on a gross basis and include them in our revenues and costs of services and products. In jurisdictions where we determine that we are merely a collection agent for the government authority, we record the taxes on a net basis and do not include them in our revenues and costs of services and products.
Advertising Costs
Costs related to advertising are expensed as incurred and included in selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. Our advertising expense was $91 million, $84 million and $83 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Legal Costs
In the normal course of our business, we incur costs to hire and retain external legal counsel to advise us on regulatory, litigation and other matters. We expense these costs as the related services are received.
Income Taxes
Our results are included in the CenturyLink consolidated federal income tax return and certain combined state income tax returns. CenturyLink allocates income tax expense to us based upon a separate return allocation method which results in income tax expense that approximates the expense that would result if we were a stand-alone entity. Our reported deferred tax assets and liabilities, as discussed below and in Note 11—Income Taxes, are primarily determined as a result of the application of the separate return allocation method and therefore the settlement of these amounts is dependent upon our parent, CenturyLink, rather than tax authorities. Our current expectation is that the vast majority of deferred tax assets and liabilities will be settled through our general intercompany obligation based upon the current CenturyLink policy. CenturyLink has the right to change their policy regarding settlement of these assets and liabilities at any time.
The provision for income taxes consists of an amount for taxes currently payable, an amount for tax consequences deferred to future periods and adjustments to our liabilities for uncertain tax positions. We record deferred income tax assets and liabilities reflecting future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying value of assets and liabilities and the tax bases of those assets and liabilities. Deferred taxes are computed using enacted tax rates expected to apply in the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rate is recognized in earnings in the period that includes the enactment date.
We establish valuation allowances when necessary to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amounts that we believe are more likely than not to be recovered. Each quarter we evaluate the need to retain all or a portion of the valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets. See Note 11—Income Taxes for additional information.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into cash and are not subject to significant risk from fluctuations in interest rates. As a result, the value at which cash and cash equivalents are reported in our consolidated financial statements approximates their fair value. Our cash collections are transferred to CenturyLink on a daily basis and our ultimate parent funds our cash disbursement needs. The net cash transferred to CenturyLink has been reflected as advances to affiliates in our consolidated balance sheets.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Accounts receivable are recognized based upon the amount due from customers for the services provided or at cost for purchased and other receivables less an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts receivable reflects our best estimate of probable losses inherent in our receivable portfolio determined on the basis of historical experience, specific allowances for known troubled accounts and other currently available evidence. We generally consider our accounts past due if they are outstanding over 30 days. Our collection process varies by the customer segment, amount of the receivable, and our evaluation of the customer's credit risk. Our past due accounts are written off against our allowance for doubtful accounts when collection is considered to be not probable. Any recoveries of accounts previously written off are generally recognized as a reduction in bad debt expense in the period received. The carrying value of accounts receivable, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts, approximates fair value.
Property, Plant and Equipment
As a result of our indirect acquisition by CenturyLink, property, plant and equipment acquired at the time of acquisition was recorded based on its estimated fair value as of the acquisition date. Subsequently purchased and constructed property, plant and equipment is recorded at cost. Property, plant and equipment is depreciated primarily using the straight-line group method. Under the straight-line group method, assets dedicated to providing telecommunications services (which comprise the majority of our property, plant and equipment) that have similar physical characteristics, use and expected useful lives are pooled for purposes of depreciation and tracking. The equal life group procedure is used to establish each pool's average remaining useful life. Generally, under the straight-line group method, when an asset is sold or retired in the course of normal business activities, the cost is deducted from property, plant and equipment and charged to accumulated depreciation without recognition of a gain or loss. A gain or loss is recognized in our consolidated statements of operations only if a disposal is unusual. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the useful lives of the assets or the expected lease term. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Interest is capitalized during the construction phase of network and other internal-use capital projects. Employee-related costs for construction of network and other internal use assets are also capitalized during the construction phase. Property, plant and equipment supplies used internally are carried at average cost, except for significant individual items for which cost is based on specific identification.
We perform annual internal reviews to evaluate the reasonableness of the depreciable lives for our property, plant and equipment. Our reviews utilize models that take into account actual usage, physical wear and tear, replacement history, assumptions about technology evolution and, in certain instances, actuarially determined probabilities to estimate the remaining useful life of our asset base. Our remaining useful life assessments anticipate the loss in service value of assets that may precede the physical retirement. Assets shared among many customers may lose service value as those customers leave the network. However, the asset is not retired until all customers no longer utilize the asset and we determine there is no alternative use for the asset.
We review long-lived tangible assets for impairment whenever facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be recoverable. For assessment purposes, long-lived assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities, absent a material change in operations. An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying amount of the asset group is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. Recoverability of the asset group to be held and used is assessed by comparing the carrying amount of the asset group to the estimated undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group. If the asset group's carrying value is not recoverable, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value. We determine fair values by using a combination of comparable market values and discounted cash flows, as appropriate.
Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets
Intangible assets arising from business combinations, such as goodwill, customer relationships and capitalized software are initially recorded at estimated fair value. We amortize customer relationships primarily over an estimated life of ten years, using either the sum-of-the-years-digits or the straight-line methods, depending on the type of customer. We amortize capitalized software using the straight-line method over estimated lives ranging up to seven years. Other intangible assets not arising from business combinations are initially recorded at cost.
Internally used software, whether purchased or developed by us, is capitalized and amortized using the straight-line method over its estimated useful life. We have capitalized certain costs associated with software such as costs of employees devoting time to the projects and external direct costs for materials and services. Costs associated with software to be used for internal purposes are expensed until the point at which the project has reached the development stage. Subsequent additions, modifications or upgrades to internal-use software are capitalized only to the extent that they allow the software to perform a task it previously did not perform. Software maintenance, data conversion and training costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. We review the remaining economic lives of our capitalized software annually. Capitalized software is included in other intangible assets, net, in our consolidated balance sheets.
We are required to assess goodwill for impairment at least annually, or more frequently, if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate an impairment may have occurred. We are required to write-down the value of goodwill in periods in which the recorded amount of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of goodwill. The impairment assessment is performed annually at the reporting unit level. We have determined that our operations consist of one reporting unit, consistent with our determination that our business consists of one operating segment. See Note 2—Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets for additional information.
Pension and Post-Retirement Benefits
A substantial portion of our active and retired employees participate in the CenturyLink Combined Pension Plan. On December 31, 2014, the QCII pension plan and a pension plan of an affiliate were merged into the CenturyLink Retirement Plan. The CenturyLink Retirement Plan was renamed the CenturyLink Combined Pension Plan. Prior to the pension plan merger, the above-noted employees participated in the QCII pension plan. In addition, certain of our employees participate in CenturyLink's post-retirement health care and life insurance benefit plans. CenturyLink allocates service costs relating to pension and post-retirement health care and life insurance benefits to us and its other affiliates. The amounts contributed by us through CenturyLink are not segregated or restricted to pay amounts due to our employees and may be used to provide benefits to other employees of CenturyLink. The allocation of the service costs to us is based upon our employees who are currently earning benefits under the plans.
For further information on qualified pension, post-retirement and other post-employment benefit plans, see CenturyLink's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Income Taxes
On October 24, 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-16, “Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory” ("ASU 2016-16"). ASU 2016-16 eliminates the current prohibition on the recognition of the income tax effects on the transfer of assets among our subsidiaries. After adoption of this ASU, the income tax effects associated with these asset transfers, except for the transfer of inventory, will be recognized in the period the asset is transferred versus the current deferral and recognition upon either the sale of the asset to a third party or over the remaining useful life of the asset. We are currently reviewing the requirements of this ASU and evaluating the impact on our consolidated financial statements.
We are required to adopt the provisions of ASU 2016-16 on January 1, 2018, but have the option to early adopt as of January 1, 2017. We plan to adopt the provision of ASU 2016-16 on January 1, 2018. The impact of adopting ASU 2016-16, if any, will be recognized through a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings as of the date of adoption.
Financial Instruments
On June 16, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). The primary impact of ASU 2016-13 for us is a change in the model for the recognition of credit losses related to our financial instruments from an incurred loss model, which recognized credit losses only if it was probable that a loss had been incurred, to an expected loss model, which requires our management team to estimate the total credit losses expected on the portfolio of financial instruments. We are currently reviewing the requirements of the standard and evaluating the impact on our consolidated financial statements.    
We are required to adopt the provisions of ASU 2016-13 effective January 1, 2020, but could elect to early adopt the provisions as of January 1, 2019. We expect to recognize any impacts of adopting ASU 2016-13 through a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings as of the date of adoption. As of the date of this annual report, we have not yet determined the date we will adopt ASU 2016-13.
Share-based Compensation
On March 30, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Improvement to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting" (“ASU 2016-09”). ASU 2016-09 modifies the accounting and associated income tax accounting for share-based compensation in order to reduce the cost and complexity associated with current generally accepted accounting principles. ASU 2016-09 became effective as of January 1, 2017. ASU 2016-09 includes different transition requirements for the different changes implemented, including some provisions which allow retrospective application. We will implement this new standard on its effective date.
The primary provisions of ASU 2016-09 that we expect will affect our financial statements are: (1) a reclassification of the tax effect associated with the difference between the expense recognized for share-based payments and the associated tax deduction from additional paid-in capital to income tax expense; (2) a reclassification of the tax effect associated with the difference between compensation expense and associated deduction from financing cash flow to operating cash flow; and (3) a change in our accounting policy to account for forfeitures of share-based payment grants as they occur as opposed to our current policy of estimating the forfeitures on the grant date. The adoption of this accounting policy change will result in an immaterial increase in our retained earnings as of January 1, 2017. Although the provisions would not have had a material impact on our previously-issued financial statements, we cannot provide any assurance regarding their future impacts. Adoption of ASU 2016-09 may increase the volatility of income tax expense and cash flow from operating activities.
Leases
On February 25, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (“ASU 2016-02”). The core principle of ASU 2016-02 will require lessees to present right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on their balance sheets for operating leases, which are currently not reflected on their balance sheets.
ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning January 1, 2019. Early adoption of ASU 2016-02 is permitted. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-02, we are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented in our consolidated financial statements using a modified retrospective approach. The modified retrospective approach includes a number of optional practical expedients that we may elect to apply. We will implement this new standard on its effective date, but we have not yet decided which practical expedient options we will elect.
We are currently evaluating our existing lease accounting systems to determine whether our current systems will support the new accounting requirements or if upgrades or new systems will be required, and we are in the process of developing an implementation plan. We are also currently evaluating and assessing the impact ASU 2016-02 will have on us and our consolidated financial statements. As of the date of this annual report, we cannot provide any estimate of the impact of adopting ASU 2016-02.
Revenue Recognition
On May 28, 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 replaces virtually all existing generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) on revenue recognition and replaces them with a principles-based approach for determining revenue recognition using a new five step model. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 also includes new accounting principles related to the deferral and amortization of contract acquisition and fulfillment costs. We currently do not defer any contract acquisition costs but we expect we will defer certain contract acquisition costs in the future which could have the impact of lowering our operating expenses. We currently defer contract fulfillment costs only up to the extent of any revenue deferred. Under ASU 2014-09, in certain transactions our deferred contract fulfillment costs could exceed our deferred revenues, which could result in an increase in deferred costs and could also have the impact of lowering our operating expenses.
On July 9, 2015, the FASB approved the deferral of the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year until January 1, 2018, which is the date we plan to adopt this standard. ASU 2014-09 may be adopted by applying the provisions of this standard on a retrospective basis to the periods included in the financial statements or on a modified retrospective basis which would result in the recognition of a cumulative effect of adopting ASU 2014-09 in the first quarter of 2018. We have completed our initial assessment of our business and systems requirements and we are currently developing and implementing a new revenue recognition system to comply with the requirements of ASU 2014-09. Based on this initial assessment, we currently plan to adopt the new revenue recognition standard under the modified retrospective transition method. Until we are further along in implementing our new revenue recognition system, we do not anticipate being able to provide reasonably accurate estimates of the impact of ASU 2014-09 on the timing of our revenue recognition.
v3.6.0.2
Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill, customer relationships and other intangible assets consisted of the following:
 
As of December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Dollars in millions)
Goodwill
$
9,354

 
9,354

Customer relationships, less accumulated amortization of $3,822 and $3,264
$
1,877

 
2,435

Other intangible assets subject to amortization:
 
 
 
Capitalized software, less accumulated amortization of $1,510 and $1,383
$
471

 
613


As of December 31, 2016, the gross carrying amount of goodwill, customer relationships and other intangible assets was $17.034 billion.
Total amortization expense for intangible assets was as follows:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(Dollars in millions)
Amortization expense for intangible assets
$
767

 
871

 
957


We estimate that total amortization expense for intangible assets for the years ending December 31, 2017 through 2021 will be as follows:
 
(Dollars in millions)
Year ending December 31,
 
2017
$
652

2018
584

2019
509

2020
440

2021
127


We annually review the estimated lives and methods used to amortize our other intangible assets. The actual amounts of amortization expense may differ materially from our estimates, depending on the results of our annual reviews.
Our goodwill was derived from CenturyLink's acquisition of us where the purchase price exceeded the fair value of the net assets acquired.
We assess our goodwill for impairment annually, or, under certain circumstances, more frequently, such as when events or changes in circumstances indicate there may be impairment. We are required to write down the value of goodwill only when our assessment determines the recorded amount of goodwill exceeds the fair value. Our annual impairment assessment date for goodwill is October 31, at which date we assessed goodwill at our reporting units. In reviewing the criteria for reporting units, we have determined that we are one reporting unit.
We compare our estimated fair value of equity to our carrying value of equity. If the estimated fair value of our equity is greater than the carrying value of our equity, we conclude that no impairment exists. If the estimated fair value of our equity is less than our carrying value of our equity, a second calculation is required in which the implied fair value of goodwill is compared to our carrying value of goodwill. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than our carrying value of goodwill, goodwill must be written down to the implied fair value.
At October 31, 2016, we utilized a level 3 fair valuation technique to estimate the fair value of our equity by considering both a market approach and a discounted cash flow method. The market approach method includes the use of comparable multiples of publicly traded companies whose services are comparable to ours. The discounted cash flow method is based on the present value of projected cash flows and a terminal value, which represents the expected normalized cash flows of the reporting unit beyond the cash flows from the discrete projection period. We discounted the estimated cash flows using a rate that represents our estimated weighted average cost of capital, which we determined to be approximately 6.0% as of the assessment date (which was comprised of an after-tax cost of debt of 2.8% and a cost of equity of 6.2%). Based on our assessment performed with respect to our reporting unit as described above, we concluded that our goodwill was not impaired as of that date.
v3.6.0.2
Long-Term Debt and Revolving Promissory Note
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Long-Term Debt and Revolving Promissory Note
Long-Term Debt and Revolving Promissory Note
Long-term debt, including unamortized premiums and discounts, unamortized debt issuance costs and note payable-affiliate, were as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31,
 
Interest Rates
 
Maturities
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
Senior notes
6.125% - 7.750%
 
2017 - 2056
 
$
7,259

 
7,229

Term loan
2.520%
 
2025
 
100

 
100

Capital lease and other obligations
Various
 
Various
 
32

 
17

Unamortized premiums, net
 
 
 
 
4

 
16

Unamortized debt issuance costs
 
 
 
 
(134
)
 
(123
)
Total long-term debt
 
 
 
 
7,261

 
7,239

Less current maturities
 
 
 
 
(514
)
 
(242
)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities
 
 
 
 
$
6,747

 
6,997

Note payable-affiliate
6.678%
 
2022
 
$
914

 
855

New Issuances
2016
On August 22, 2016, QC issued $978 million aggregate principal amount of 6.5% Notes due 2056, including $128 million principal amount that was sold pursuant to an over-allotment option, in exchange for net proceeds, after deducting underwriting discounts and other expenses, of $946 million. All of the 6.5% Notes are unsecured obligations and may be redeemed by QC, in whole or in part, on or after September 1, 2021, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date.
On January 29, 2016, QC issued $235 million aggregate principal amount of 7% Notes due 2056, in exchange for net proceeds, after deducting underwriting discounts and other expenses, of $227 million. All of the 7% Notes are unsecured obligations and may be redeemed by QC, in whole or in part, on or after February 1, 2021, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date.
2015
On September 21, 2015, QC issued $400 million aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Notes due 2055, in exchange for net proceeds, after deducting underwriting discounts and other expenses, of approximately $386 million. On September 30, 2015, QC issued an additional $10 million aggregate principal amount of the 6.625% Notes under an over-allotment option granted to the underwriter for this offering. All of the 6.625% Notes are unsecured obligations and may be redeemed by QC, in whole or in part, on or after September 15, 2020, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date.
Repayments
2016
On September 15, 2016, QC redeemed $287 million of its 7.5% Notes due 2051, which resulted in a loss of $9 million.
On August 29, 2016, QC redeemed all $661 million of its 7.375% Notes due 2051, which resulted in a loss of $18 million.
On May 2, 2016, QC paid at maturity the $235 million principal amount and accrued and unpaid interest due under its 8.375% Notes.
2015
On October 13, 2015, QC redeemed all $250 million of its 7.2% Notes due 2026, which resulted in an immaterial gain, and redeemed $150 million of its 6.875% Notes due 2033, which resulted in an immaterial loss.
On June 15, 2015, QC paid at maturity the $92 million principal amount of its 7.625% Notes.
Term Loan
In 2015, QC entered into a term loan in the amount of $100 million with CoBank, ACB. The outstanding unpaid principal amount of this term loan plus any accrued and unpaid interest is due on February 20, 2025. Interest is paid monthly based upon either the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or the base rate (as defined in the credit agreement) plus an applicable margin between 1.50% to 2.50% per annum for LIBOR loans and 0.50% to 1.50% per annum for base rate loans depending on QC's then current senior unsecured long-term debt rating. At both December 31, 2016 and 2015, the outstanding principal balance on this term loan was $100 million.
Aggregate Maturities of Long-Term Debt
Set forth below is the aggregate principal amount of our long-term debt (excluding unamortized premiums and discounts and unamortized debt issuance costs and other and excluding note payable-affiliate) maturing during the following years:
 
(Dollars in millions)(1)
2017
$
514

2018
10

2019
4

2020

2021
951

2022 and thereafter
5,912

Total long-term debt
$
7,391

_______________________________________________________________________________
(1) Actual principal paid in any year may differ due to the possible future refinancing of outstanding debt or the issuance of new debt.
Revolving Promissory Note
QC is currently indebted to an affiliate of our ultimate parent company, CenturyLink, under a revolving promissory note that provides QC with a funding commitment of up to $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount through June 30, 2022, of which $914 million was outstanding as of December 31, 2016. As of December 31, 2016, the weighted average interest rate was 6.678%. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, this revolving promissory note is reflected on our consolidated balance sheets as a current liability under “Note payable-affiliate”. As of December 31, 2016, $5 million of accrued interest is reflected in other current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. In accordance with the note agreement, all accrued and unpaid interest is capitalized to the unpaid principal balance on June 1 and December 1 of each year.
Interest Expense
Interest expense includes interest on total long-term debt. The following table presents the amount of gross interest expense, net of capitalized interest and interest expense-affiliates, net:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(Dollars in millions)
Interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
Gross interest expense
$
497

 
491

 
481

Capitalized interest
(19
)
 
(18
)
 
(17
)
Total interest expense
$
478

 
473

 
464

Interest expense-affiliates, net
$
59

 
53

 
40


Covenants
Our senior notes were issued under indentures dated April 15, 1990 and October 15, 1999. These indentures contain certain covenants including, but not limited to: (i) a prohibition on certain liens on our assets; and (ii) a limitation on mergers or sales of all, or substantially all, of our assets, which limitation requires that a successor assume the obligation with regard to these notes. These indentures do not contain any cross-default provisions. These indentures do not contain any financial covenants or restrictions on our ability to issue new securities thereunder.
Under the QC term loan, QC must maintain a debt to EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, as defined in CenturyLink's Credit Facility) ratio of not more than 2.85:1.0, as of the last day of each fiscal quarter for the four quarters then ended. The term loan also contains a negative pledge covenant, which generally requires us to secure equally and ratably any advances under the term loan if we pledge assets or permit liens on our property for the benefit of other debtholders. The term loan also has a cross payment default and cross acceleration provisions. When present, these provisions could have a wider impact on liquidity than might otherwise arise from a default or acceleration of a single debt instrument. Our debt to EBITDA ratio could be adversely affected by a wide variety of events, including unforeseen expenses or contingencies. This could reduce our financing flexibility due to potential restrictions on incurring additional debt under certain provisions of our debt agreements or, in certain circumstances, could result in a default under certain provisions of such agreements.
At December 31, 2016, we believe we were in compliance with all of the provisions and covenants contained in our debt agreements.
v3.6.0.2
Accounts Receivable
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Receivables [Abstract]  
Accounts Receivable
Accounts Receivable
The following table presents details of our accounts receivable balances:
 
As of December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Dollars in millions)
Trade and purchased receivables
$
634

 
620

Earned and unbilled receivables
115

 
111

Other
4

 
4

Total accounts receivable
753

 
735

Less: allowance for doubtful accounts
(53
)
 
(47
)
Accounts receivable, less allowance
$
700

 
688

We are exposed to concentrations of credit risk from residential and business customers within our local service area and from other telecommunications service providers. No customers individually represented more than 10% of our accounts receivable for all periods presented herein. We generally do not require collateral to secure our receivable balances. We have agreements with other telecommunications service providers whereby we agree to bill and collect on their behalf for services rendered by those providers to our customers within our local service area. We purchase accounts receivable from other telecommunications service providers primarily on a recourse basis and include these amounts in our accounts receivable balance. We have not experienced any significant loss associated with these purchased receivables.
The following table presents details of our allowance for doubtful accounts:
 
Beginning
Balance
 
Additions
 
Deductions
 
Ending
Balance
 
(Dollars in millions)
2016
$
47

 
80

 
(74
)
 
53

2015
$
38

 
78

 
(69
)
 
47

2014
$
43

 
64

 
(69
)
 
38

v3.6.0.2
Property, Plant and Equipment
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment
Net property, plant and equipment is composed of the following:
 
Depreciable
Lives
 
As of December 31,
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
Property, plant and equipment:
 
 
 
 
 
Land
N/A
 
$
348

 
349

Fiber, conduit and other outside plant(1)
15-45 years
 
5,980

 
5,362

Central office and other network electronics(2)
4-10 years
 
3,855

 
3,614

Support assets(3)
5-30 years
 
2,633

 
2,584

Construction in progress(4)
N/A
 
431

 
273

Gross property, plant and equipment
 
 
13,247

 
12,182

Accumulated depreciation
 
 
(5,602
)
 
(4,808
)
Net property, plant and equipment
 
 
$
7,645

 
7,374

_______________________________________________________________________________
(1) 
Fiber, conduit and other outside plant consists of fiber and metallic cable, conduit, poles and other supporting structures.
(2) 
Central office and other network electronics consists of circuit and packet switches, routers, transmission electronics and electronics providing service to customers.
(3) 
Support assets consist of buildings, computers and other administrative and support equipment.
(4) 
Construction in progress includes inventory held for construction and property of the aforementioned categories that has not been placed in service as it is still under construction.
We recorded depreciation expense of $924 million, $986 million and $1.048 billion for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
In 2014, we recorded an impairment charge of $17 million in connection with a sale-leaseback transaction involving an office building that we closed in the fourth quarter of 2014. This impairment charge is included in selling, general and administrative expense in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2014.
v3.6.0.2
Severance
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Severance
Severance
Periodically, we reduce our workforce and accrue liabilities for the related severance costs. These workforce reductions resulted primarily from the progression or completion of our post-acquisition integration plans related to CenturyLink's indirect acquisition of us, increased competitive pressures, cost reduction initiatives, process improvements through automation and reduced workload demands due to the loss of customers purchasing certain services.
We report severance liabilities within accrued expenses and other liabilities-salaries and benefits in our consolidated balance sheets and report severance expenses in cost of services and products and selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.
Changes in our accrued liability for severance expenses were as follows:
 
Severance
 
(Dollars in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2014
$
10

Accrued to expense
51

Payments, net
(55
)
Balance at December 31, 2015
6

Accrued to expense
89

Payments, net
(43
)
Balance at December 31, 2016
$
52

v3.6.0.2
Employee Benefits
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Compensation and Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]  
Employee Benefits
Employee Benefits
Pension and Post-Retirement Benefits
QCII's post-retirement benefit plans were merged into CenturyLink's post-retirement benefit plans on January 1, 2012 and on December 31, 2014, QCII's qualified pension plan and a pension plan of an affiliate were merged into the CenturyLink Retirement Plan, which was renamed the CenturyLink Combined Pension Plan. Prior to the plan mergers, a substantial portion of our active and retired employees participated in QCII's pension and post-retirement plans. Based on current laws and circumstances, (i) CenturyLink was not required to make a cash contribution to the CenturyLink Combined Pension Plan in 2016 and (ii) CenturyLink does not expect it will be required to make a contribution in 2017. The amount of required contributions to the CenturyLink Combined Pension Plan in 2018 and beyond will depend on earnings on plan investments, prevailing discount rates, demographic experience, changes in plan benefits and changes in funding laws and regulations. CenturyLink occasionally makes voluntary contributions in addition to required contributions, and CenturyLink made such voluntary cash contributions of $100 million to the CenturyLink Combined Pension Plan during each of the third quarters of 2016 and 2015. CenturyLink currently expects to make a voluntary contribution of $100 million to the trust for its qualified pension plan in 2017. No contributions were made to the post-retirement occupational health care trust in 2016 or 2015 and CenturyLink does not expect to make a contribution in 2017.
The unfunded status of CenturyLink's qualified pension plan for accounting purposes was $2.352 billion and $2.215 billion as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, which includes the merged QCII qualified pension plan. The unfunded status of CenturyLink's post-retirement benefit plans for accounting purposes was $3.360 billion and $3.374 billion as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
In 2015, our ultimate parent company, CenturyLink, changed their allocation methodology with respect to their now centrally managed pension and post-retirement plans. Specifically, under this new methodology, CenturyLink will allocate current service costs to subsidiaries relative to employees who are currently earning benefits under the pension and post-retirement benefit plans. The net periodic benefit cost allocated to us is now paid on a monthly basis through CenturyLink’s intercompany cash management process.
The affiliate obligations, net in current and noncurrent liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets primarily represents the cumulative allocation of expense, net of payments, associated with QCII's pension plans and post-retirement benefits plans prior to the plan mergers. In 2015, we agreed to a plan to settle the outstanding pension and post-retirement affiliate obligations, net balance with QCII over a 30 year term. Payments will be made on a monthly basis. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, we made settlement payments in the aggregate of $97 million and $105 million, respectively, to QCII on our affiliate obligations, net balance. Changes in the affiliate obligations, net are reflected in operating activities on our consolidated statements of cash flows.
We were allocated $45 million of pension service costs and $14 million of post-retirement service costs during the year ended December 31, 2016, which represented 70% of CenturyLink's total pension and post-retirement service costs for the year. The combined net pension and post-retirement service costs is included in cost of services and products and selling, general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2016.
We were allocated $57 million of pension service costs and $17 million of post-retirement service costs during the year ended December 31, 2015, which represented 69% of CenturyLink's total pension and post-retirement service costs for the year. The combined net pension and post-retirement service costs is included in cost of services and products and selling, general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2015.
We were allocated $98 million in pension income during the year ended December 31, 2014. Our allocated post-retirement benefit expense for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $128 million. These allocated amounts represent our share of the pension and post-retirement benefit expenses based on the actuarially determined amounts. Prior to the plan mergers, our allocated portion of QCII's pension and post-retirement benefit income and expense was 92% for the year ended December 31, 2014. The combined net pension and post-retirement benefits (income) expenses is included in cost of services and products and selling, general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2014.
CenturyLink sponsors a noncontributory qualified defined benefit pension plan that covers substantially all of our employees. As noted above, on December 31, 2014, QCII's pension plan was merged into the CenturyLink Retirement Plan, which was renamed the CenturyLink Combined Pension Plan. The plan also provides survivor and disability benefits to certain employees. In November 2009, and prior to the plan merger, the pension plan was amended to no longer provide pension benefit accruals for active non-represented employees after December 31, 2009. In addition, non-represented employees hired after January 1, 2009 are not eligible to participate in the plans. Active non-represented employees who participate in these plans retain their accrued pension benefit earned as of December 31, 2009 and certain participants will continue to earn interest credits on their benefit after December 31, 2009. Employees are eligible to receive their vested accrued benefit when they separate from CenturyLink. The plans also provided a death benefit for eligible beneficiaries of certain retirees; however, the plan was amended to eliminate this benefit effective March 1, 2010 for retirees who retired prior to January 1, 2004 and whose deaths occur after February 28, 2010 and eliminate the death benefit for eligible beneficiaries of certain retirees who retired after December 31, 2003.
CenturyLink maintains post-retirement benefit plans that provide health care and life insurance benefits for certain eligible retirees. The QCII post-retirement benefit plans were merged into CenturyLink's post-retirement benefit plans on January 1, 2012. The benefit obligation for the occupational health care and life insurance post-retirement plans is estimated based on the terms of benefit plans. In calculating this obligation, CenturyLink considers numerous assumptions, estimates and judgments, including but not limited to, discount rates, health care cost trend rates and plan amendments. In October 2013, we renewed a four-year collective bargaining agreement which covers approximately 11,000 of our unionized employees. Effective January 1, 2014, the approximately 11,000 active employees and eligible post-1990 retirees who are former represented employees, had changes to their health and welfare benefits including: (i) changes to align the coverage and benefits for these active employees and non-Medicare eligible post-1990 retirees with the health and welfare coverage and benefits offered to all other CenturyLink employees and other CenturyLink retirees (with some exceptions) (ii) increased out-of-pocket health care costs through plan design changes effective January 1, 2014 and the elimination of Class II dependent coverage and (iii) elimination of the group medical plan coverage and benefits for Medicare-eligible post-1990 retirees and the establishment of a health reimbursement account and assistance to this population with their transition effective May 1, 2014 to their own purchase of individual policies through the Medicare Exchange market place using the health reimbursement account. In order to maintain their eligibility, post-1990 retirees continue to be obligated to contribute to the cost of health care benefits in excess of specified limits on the company-funded portion of retiree health care costs (also referred to as the "caps"), as they have since January 1, 2009.
The terms of the post-retirement health care and life insurance plans between CenturyLink and its eligible non-represented employees and its eligible post-1990 non-represented retirees are established by CenturyLink and are subject to change at its discretion. CenturyLink has a practice of sharing some of the cost of providing health care benefits with its non-represented employees and post-1990 non-represented retirees. The benefit obligation for the non-represented post-retirement health care benefits is based on the terms of the current written plan documents and is adjusted for anticipated continued cost sharing with non-represented employees and post-1990 non-represented retirees. However, CenturyLink's contribution under its post-1990 non-represented retirees' health care plan is capped at a specific dollar amount.
Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003
CenturyLink sponsors post-retirement health care plans with several benefit options that provide prescription drug benefits that CenturyLink deems actuarially equivalent to or exceeding Medicare Part D. CenturyLink recognizes the impact of the federal subsidy received under the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 in the calculation of its post-retirement benefit obligation and net periodic post-retirement benefit expense.
Other Benefit Plans
Health Care and Life Insurance
We provide health care and life insurance benefits to essentially all of our active employees. We are largely self-funded for the cost of the health care plan. Our health care benefit expense for current employees was $241 million, $217 million and $204 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Union-represented employee benefits are based on negotiated collective bargaining agreements. Employees' group basic life insurance plans are fully insured and the premiums are paid by CenturyLink.
401(k) Plans
CenturyLink sponsors qualified defined contribution plans covering substantially all of our employees. Under these plans, employees may contribute a percentage of their annual compensation up to certain maximums, as defined by the plans and by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS"). Currently, we match a percentage of our employees' contributions in cash. We recognized $42 million, $43 million and $47 million in expense related to these plans for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Deferred Compensation Plans
CenturyLink sponsors non-qualified deferred compensation plans for various groups that includes certain of our current and former highly compensated employees. The plans are frozen and participants can no longer defer compensation to these plans. The value of the assets and liabilities related to these plans was not significant.
v3.6.0.2
Share-Based Compensation
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
Share-Based Compensation
Share-based Compensation
Share-based compensation expenses are included in cost of services and products, and selling, general, and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we recorded a share-based compensation expense of approximately $22 million, $21 million and $21 million, respectively. We recognized an income tax benefit from our compensation expense of approximately $8 million, $8 million and $8 million, respectively, during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
v3.6.0.2
Products and Services Revenues
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Products and Services Revenues
Products and Services Revenues
We are an integrated communications company engaged primarily in providing an array of communications services, including local voice, broadband, private line (including special access), network access, Ethernet, information technology, video and other ancillary services. We strive to maintain our customer relationships by, among other things, bundling our service offerings to provide our customers with a complete offering of integrated communications services.
From time to time, we change the categorization of our products and services, and we may make similar changes in the future. During the second quarter of 2016, we determined that because of declines due to customer migration to other strategic products and services, certain of our services, specifically our private line (including special access) services, are more closely aligned with our legacy services than with our strategic services. As a result, we reflect these operating revenues as legacy services, and we have reclassified certain prior period amounts to conform to this change. The revision resulted in a reduction of revenue from strategic services and a corresponding increase in revenue from legacy services of $823 million and $980 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
We currently categorize our products, services and revenues among the following three categories:
Strategic services, which include primarily broadband, Ethernet, video and other ancillary services;
Legacy services, which include primarily local voice, private line (including special access), Integrated Services Digital Network ("ISDN") services (which use regular telephone lines to support voice, video and data applications), switched access and traditional wide area network ("WAN") (which allow a local communications network to link to networks in remote locations); and
Affiliates and other services, which consist primarily of CAF support payments, USF support payments, USF surcharges and services we provide to our affiliates. We receive federal support payments from both Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the CAF program, and support payments from both federal and state USF programs. These support payments are government subsidies designed to reimburse us for various costs related to certain telecommunications services, including the costs of deploying, maintaining and operating voice and broadband infrastructure in high-cost rural areas where we are not able to fully recover our costs from our customers. We also collect USF surcharges based on specific items we list on our customers' invoices to fund the FCC's universal service programs. We provide to our affiliates, telecommunication services that we also provide to external customers. In addition, we provide to our affiliates, computer system development and support services, network support and technical services.
Our operating revenues for our products and services consisted of the following categories for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(Dollars in millions)
Strategic services
$
2,690

 
2,610

 
2,449

Legacy services
3,222

 
3,600

 
3,967

Affiliates and other services
2,998

 
2,754

 
2,422

Total operating revenues
$
8,910

 
8,964

 
8,838


We do not have any single external customer that provides more than 10% of our total consolidated operating revenues. Substantially all of our consolidated revenues come from customers located in the United States.
We recognize revenues in our consolidated statements of operations for certain USF surcharges and transaction taxes that we bill to our customers. Our consolidated statements of operations also reflect the offsetting expense for the amounts we remit to the government agencies. The total amount of such surcharges and transaction taxes that we included in revenues aggregated to $149 million, $147 million and $151 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. These USF surcharges, where we record revenue, are included in "other" operating revenues and transaction taxes are included in "legacy services" revenues. We also act as a collection agent for certain other USF and transaction taxes that we are required by government agencies to bill our customers, for which we do not record any revenue or expense because we only act as a pass-through agent.
Our operations are integrated into and reported as part of the consolidated segment data of CenturyLink. CenturyLink's chief operating decision maker ("CODM") is our CODM, but reviews our financial information on an aggregate basis only in connection with our quarterly and annual reports that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Consequently, we do not provide our discrete financial information to the CODM on a regular basis. As such, we believe we have one reportable segment.
v3.6.0.2
Affiliate Transactions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]  
Affiliate Transactions
Affiliate Transactions
We provide to our affiliates, telecommunications services that we also provide to external customers. In addition, we provide to our affiliates, computer system development and support services and network support and technical services.
Below are details of the services we provide to our affiliates:
Telecommunications services. Data, broadband and voice services in support of our affiliates' service offerings;
Computer system development and support services. Information technology services primarily include the labor cost of developing, testing and implementing the system changes necessary to support order entry, provisioning, billing, network and financial systems, as well as the cost of improving, maintaining and operating our operations support systems and shared internal communications networks; and
Network support and technical services. Network support and technical services relate to forecasting demand volumes and developing plans around network utilization and optimization, developing and implementing plans for overall product development, provisioning and customer care.
We charge our affiliates for services based on market price or fully distributed cost ("FDC"). We charge our affiliates market price for services that we also provide to external customers, while other services that we provide only to our affiliates are priced by applying an FDC methodology. FDC rates include salaries and wages, payroll taxes, employee related benefits, miscellaneous expenses, and charges for the use of our buildings, computing and software assets. Whenever possible, costs are directly assigned to our affiliates for the services they use. If costs cannot be directly assigned, they are allocated among all affiliates based upon cost causative measures; or if no cost causative measure is available, these costs are allocated based on a general allocator. These cost allocation methodologies are reasonable. From time to time, we adjust the basis for allocating the costs of a shared service among affiliates. Such changes in allocation methodologies are generally billed prospectively.
We also purchase services from our affiliates including telecommunication services, insurance, flight services and other support services such as legal, regulatory, finance and accounting, tax, human resources and executive support. Our affiliates charge us for these services based on market price or FDC.
v3.6.0.2
Income Taxes
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
We are included in the consolidated federal income tax returns and the combined state income tax returns of CenturyLink. CenturyLink treats our consolidated results as if we were a separate taxpayer. The policy requires us to settle our tax liabilities through a change in our general intercompany obligation based upon our separate return taxable income, which is reflected in advances to affiliates on our consolidated balance sheets and the changes in advances to affiliates are reflected as investing activities on our consolidated statements of cash flows. Because we are included in the consolidated federal income tax returns and the combined state income tax returns of CenturyLink, any tax audits involving CenturyLink will also involve us.
Beginning with the 2013 tax year, CenturyLink's federal consolidated returns are subject to annual examination by the IRS.
Our open income tax years by major jurisdiction are as follows at December 31, 2016:
Jurisdiction
 
Open Tax Years
Federal
 
2013—current
State
 
 
Arizona
 
2010—current
Other states
 
2012—current

Since the period for assessing additional liability typically begins upon the filing of a return, it is possible that certain jurisdictions could assess tax for years prior to the open tax years disclosed above. Additionally, it is possible that certain jurisdictions in which we do not believe we have an income tax filing responsibility, and accordingly did not file a return, may attempt to assess a liability, or other jurisdictions to which we pay taxes may attempt to assert that we owe additional taxes.
As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we had no liability for interest related to uncertain tax positions. We did not record a liability for interest related to uncertain tax positions for the year ended December 31, 2016. We made no accrual for penalties related to income tax positions.
Income Tax Expense
The components of the income tax expense from continuing operations are as follows:

Years Ended December 31,

2016
 
2015
 
2014

(Dollars in millions)
Income tax expense:





Current:





Federal and foreign
$
686


734

 
738

State and local
115


114

 
129

Total current
801


848


867

Deferred:





Federal and foreign
(103
)

(170
)
 
(209
)
State and local
(20
)

(19
)
 
(19
)
Total deferred
(123
)

(189
)

(228
)
Income tax expense
$
678


659


639


The effective income tax rate for continuing operations differs from the statutory tax rate as follows:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in percent)
Effective income tax rate:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal statutory income tax rate
35.0
 %
 
35.0
 %
 
35.0
%
State income taxes-net of federal effect
3.5
 %
 
3.6
 %
 
4.0
%
Other
 %
 
(0.6
)%
 
0.7
%
Effective income tax rate
38.5
 %
 
38.0
 %
 
39.7
%

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
 
As of December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Dollars in millions)
Deferred tax assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment
$
(1,384
)
 
(1,431
)
Intangibles assets
(1,088
)
 
(1,153
)
Receivable from an affiliate due to pension plan participation
(452
)
 
(460
)
Other

 
(59
)
Total deferred tax liabilities
(2,924
)
 
(3,103
)
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Payable to affiliate due to post-retirement benefit plan participation
954

 
921

Debt premiums

 
21

Other
209

 
277

Total deferred tax assets
1,163

 
1,219

Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets
(12
)
 
(12
)
Net deferred tax assets
1,151

 
1,207

Net deferred tax liabilities
$
(1,773
)
 
(1,896
)

At December 31, 2016, we have established a valuation allowance of $12 million as it is not more likely than not that this amount of deferred tax assets will be realized. There was no change to the valuation allowance in 2016.
Other Income Tax Information
We paid $801 million, $848 million and $861 million to QSC related to income taxes in the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
v3.6.0.2
Fair Value Disclosure
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Disclosure
Fair Value Disclosure
Our financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, advances to affiliates, accounts payable, note payable-affiliate and long-term debt, excluding capital lease obligations. Due to their short-term nature, the carrying amounts of our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, advances to affiliates, accounts payable and note payable-affiliate approximate their fair values.
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between independent and knowledgeable parties who are willing and able to transact for an asset or liability at the measurement date. We use valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value and then we rank the estimated values based on the reliability of the inputs used following the fair value hierarchy set forth by the FASB. We determined the fair values of our long-term debt, including the current portion, based on quoted market prices where available or, if not available, based on discounted future cash flows using current market interest rates.
The three input levels in the hierarchy of fair value measurements are defined by the FASB generally as follows:
Input Level
 
Description of Input
Level 1
 
Observable inputs such as quoted market prices in active markets.
Level 2
 
Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable.
Level 3
 
Unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists.

The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our long-term debt, excluding capital lease and other obligations and unamortized debt issuance costs, as well as the input levels used to determine the fair values:
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2016
 
As of December 31, 2015
 
Input
Level
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
Liabilities-Long-term debt (excluding capital lease and other obligations)
2
 
$
7,229

 
7,203

 
7,222

 
7,456

v3.6.0.2
Stockholder's Equity
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]  
Stockholder's Equity
Stockholder's Equity
Common Stock
We have one share of common stock (no par value) issued and outstanding, which is owned by QSC.
In addition, in the normal course of business, we transfer assets and liabilities to and from QSC and its affiliates, which are recorded through our equity. It is our policy to record these asset transfers based on carrying values.
Dividends
We declared the following cash dividend to QSC:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(Dollars in millions)
Cash dividend declared to QSC
$
1,300

 
1,350

 
1,400

Cash dividend paid to QSC
1,300

 
1,350

 
1,400


The timing of cash payments for declared dividends to QSC is at our discretion in consultation with QSC. We may declare and pay dividends to QSC in excess of our earnings to the extent permitted by applicable law. Our debt covenants do not limit the amount of dividends we can pay to QSC.
v3.6.0.2
Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]  
Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)
Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)
 
First
Quarter
 
Second
Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Fourth
Quarter
 
Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating revenues
$
2,253

 
2,223

 
2,226

 
2,208

 
8,910

Operating income
625

 
602

 
576

 
519

 
2,322

Income tax expense
188

 
179

 
159

 
152

 
678

Net income
304

 
288

 
255

 
238

 
1,085

 
First
Quarter
 
Second
Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Fourth
Quarter
 
Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating revenues
$
2,217

 
2,222

 
2,287

 
2,238

 
8,964

Operating income
545

 
521

 
572

 
622

 
2,260

Income tax expense
167

 
152

 
171

 
169

 
659

Net income
247

 
238

 
268

 
321

 
1,074


During the fourth quarter of 2016, we recognized $78 million of severance expenses and other one-time termination benefits associated with workforce reductions.
During the third quarter of 2015, we recognized an incremental $64 million of revenue associated with the FCC's CAF Phase 2 high-cost support program (primarily impacted by the one-time transitional payment) and an additional incremental $31 million in the fourth quarter of 2015.
v3.6.0.2
Commitments and Contingencies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments and Contingencies
Pending Matters
Subsidiaries of CenturyLink, Inc., including us, are among hundreds of companies in an industry-wide dispute, raised in nearly 100 federal lawsuits (filed between 2014 and 2016) that have been consolidated in the United States District Court for the District of Northern Texas for pretrial procedures. The disputes relate to switched access charges that local exchange carriers ("LECs") collect from interexchange carriers ("IXCs") for IXCs' use of LEC's access services. In the lawsuits, three IXCs, Sprint Communications Company L.P. ("Sprint"), affiliates of Verizon Communications Inc. ("Verizon") and affiliates of Level 3 Communications LLC ("Level 3"), assert that federal and state laws bar LECs from collecting access charges when IXCs exchange certain types of calls between mobile and wireline devices that are routed through an IXC. Some of these IXCs have asserted claims seeking refunds of payments for access charges previously paid and relief from future access charges. In addition, Level 3 has ceased paying switched access charges on these calls.
In November 2015, the federal court agreed with the LECs and rejected the IXCs' contention that federal law prohibits these particular access charges, and also allowed the IXCs to refile state-law claims. Since then, many of the LECs and IXCs have filed revised pleadings and additional motions, which remain pending. Separately, some of the defendants, including us, have petitioned the FCC to address these issues on an industry-wide basis.
The outcome of these disputes and lawsuits, as well as any related regulatory proceedings that could ensue, are currently not predictable. If we are required to stop assessing these charges or to pay refunds of any such charges, our financial results could be negatively affected.
Other Proceedings and Disputes
From time to time, we are involved in other proceedings incidental to our business, including patent infringement allegations, administrative hearings of state public utility commissions relating primarily to our rates or services, actions relating to employee claims, various tax issues, environmental law issues, grievance hearings before labor regulatory agencies and miscellaneous third party tort actions.
We are currently defending several patent infringement lawsuits asserted against us by non-practicing entities, many of which are seeking substantial recoveries. These cases have progressed to various stages and one or more may go to trial in the coming 24 months if they are not otherwise resolved. Where applicable, we are seeking full or partial indemnification from our vendors and suppliers. As with all litigation, we are vigorously defending these actions and, as a matter of course, are prepared to litigate these matters to judgment, as well as to evaluate and consider all reasonable settlement opportunities.
We are subject to various federal, state and local environmental protection and health and safety laws. From time to time, we are subject to judicial and administrative proceedings brought by various governmental authorities under these laws. Several such proceedings are currently pending, but none is reasonably expected to exceed $100,000 in fines and penalties.
The outcome of these other proceedings is not predictable. However, based on current circumstances, we do not believe that the ultimate resolution of these other proceedings, after considering available defenses and any insurance coverage or indemnification rights, will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
CenturyLink, Inc. and its affiliates are involved in several legal proceedings to which we are not a party that, if resolved against them, could have a material adverse effect on their business and financial condition. As an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of CenturyLink, Inc., our business and financial condition could be similarly affected. You can find descriptions of these legal proceedings in CenturyLink, Inc.'s quarterly and annual reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Because we are not a party to any of the matters, we have not accrued any liabilities for the matters.
Capital Leases
We lease certain facilities and equipment under various capital lease arrangements. Depreciation of assets under capital leases is included in depreciation and amortization expense in our consolidated statements of operations. Payments on capital leases are included in repayments of long-term debt, including current maturities in our consolidated statements of cash flows.
The tables below summarize our capital lease activity:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(Dollars in millions)
Assets acquired through capital leases
$
10

 
10

 
3

Depreciation expense
5

 
19

 
32

Cash payments towards capital leases
6

 
20

 
32

 
As of December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Dollars in millions)
Assets included in property, plant and equipment
$
40

 
66

Accumulated depreciation
22

 
55


The future annual minimum payments under capital lease arrangements as of December 31, 2016 were as follows:
 
Future Minimum
Payments
 
(Dollars in millions)
Capital lease obligations:
 
2017
$
7

2018
7

2019
4

2020
1

2021
2

2022 and thereafter
5

Total minimum payments
26

Less: amount representing interest and executory costs
(7
)
Present value of minimum payments
19

Less: current portion
(6
)
Long-term portion
$
13


Operating Leases
We lease various equipment, office facilities, retail outlets, switching facilities and other network sites. These leases, with few exceptions, provide for renewal options and escalations that are either fixed or based on the consumer price index. Any rent abatements, along with rent escalations, are included in the computation of rent expense calculated on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The lease term for most leases includes the initial non-cancelable term plus any term under renewal options that are reasonably assured. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, our gross rental expense was $72 million, $75 million and $79 million, respectively. We also received sublease rental income for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 of $4 million, $4 million and $4 million, respectively.
At December 31, 2016, our future rental commitments for operating leases were as follows:
 
Future Minimum
Payments
 
(Dollars in millions)
Operating leases:
 
2017
$
51

2018
47

2019
40

2020
33

2021
17

2022 and thereafter
38

Total future minimum payments(1)
$
226

_______________________________________________________________________________
(1) 
Minimum payments have not been reduced by minimum sublease rentals of $28 million due in the future under non-cancelable subleases.
Purchase Commitments
We have several commitments primarily for marketing activities and support services from a variety of vendors to be used in the ordinary course of business totaling $103 million at December 31, 2016. Of this amount, we expect to purchase $55 million in 2017, $40 million in 2018 through 2019, $5 million in 2020 through 2021 and $3 million in 2022 and thereafter. These amounts do not represent our entire anticipated purchases in the future, but represent only those items for which we were contractually committed as of December 31, 2016.
v3.6.0.2
Other Financial Information
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Additional Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]  
Other Financial Information
Other Financial Information
Other Current Assets
The following table presents details of other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets:
 
As of December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Dollars in millions)
Prepaid expenses
$
48

 
46

Assets held for sale
8

 

Other
73

 
77

Total other current assets
$
129

 
123


We recorded a loss of $11 million in connection with the impairment of an office building being reclassified as held for sale in the fourth quarter of 2016. This impairment charge is included in selling, general and administrative expense in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2016. We anticipate the sale of the office building to close during the first half of 2017.
Selected Current Liabilities
Current liabilities reflected in our consolidated balance sheets include accounts payable:
 
As of December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Dollars in millions)
Accounts payable
$
398

 
369


Included in accounts payable at December 31, 2016 and 2015, were $53 million and $29 million, respectively, associated with capital expenditures.
v3.6.0.2
Labor Union Contracts
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Labor Union Contracts  
Labor Union Contracts
Labor Union Contracts
Approximately 50% of our employees are members of various bargaining units represented by the Communication Workers of America and the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers. We believe that relations with our employees continue to be generally good. Approximately 11,000, or 50%, of our employees that are subject to collective bargaining agreements that are scheduled to expire October 7, 2017.
v3.6.0.2
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our subsidiaries. Intercompany amounts and transactions with our consolidated subsidiaries have been eliminated. Transactions with our non-consolidated affiliates (referred to herein as affiliates) have not been eliminated.
Reclassifications
We reclassified certain prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation, including the categorization of our revenues. See Note 9—Products and Services Revenues for additional information. These changes had no impact on total operating revenues, total operating expenses or net income for any period presented.
Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. These accounting principles require us to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. We believe that the estimates, judgments and assumptions we make when accounting for specific items and matters, including, but not limited to, long-term contracts, customer retention patterns, allowance for doubtful accounts, depreciation, amortization, asset valuations, rates used for affiliate cost allocations, internal labor capitalization rates, recoverability of assets (including deferred tax assets), impairment assessments, taxes, certain liabilities and other provisions and contingencies, are reasonable, based on information available at the time they are made. Our accounting for CenturyLink's indirect acquisition of us required extensive use of estimates in determining the acquisition date fair values of our assets and liabilities. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can materially affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and components of stockholder's equity as of the dates of the consolidated balance sheets, as well as the reported amounts of revenues, expenses and components of cash flows during the periods presented in our other consolidated financial statements. We also make estimates in our assessments of potential losses in relation to threatened or pending tax and legal matters. See Note 11—Income Taxes and Note 15—Commitments and Contingencies for additional information.
For matters not related to income taxes, if a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, we recognize an expense for the estimated loss. If we have the potential to recover a portion of the estimated loss from a third party, we make a separate assessment of recoverability and reduce the estimated loss if recovery is also deemed probable.
For matters related to income taxes, if we determine that the impact of an uncertain tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority, then we recognize a benefit for the largest amount that is more likely than not to be sustained. No portion of an uncertain tax position will be recognized if the position has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Interest is recognized on the amount of unrecognized benefit from uncertain tax positions.
For all of these and other matters, actual results could differ materially from our estimates.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue for services when the related services are provided. Recognition of certain payments received in advance of services being provided is deferred until the service is provided. These advance payments include activation and installation charges, which we recognize as revenue over the expected customer relationship period, which ranges from two to thirteen years depending on the service. We also defer costs for customer activations and installations. The deferral of customer activation and installation costs is limited to the amount of revenue deferred on advance payments. Costs in excess of advance payments are recorded as expense in the period such costs are incurred. Expected customer relationship periods are estimated using historical experience. In most cases, termination fees or other fees on existing contracts that are negotiated in conjunction with new contracts are deferred and recognized over the new contract term.
We offer bundle discounts to our customers who receive certain groupings of services. These bundle discounts are recognized concurrently with the associated revenue and are allocated to the various services in the bundled offering based on the estimated selling price of services included in each bundled combination.
Customer arrangements that include both equipment and services are evaluated to determine whether the elements are separable. If the elements are deemed separable and separate earnings processes exist, the revenue associated with the customer arrangement is allocated to each element based on the relative estimated selling price of the separate elements. We have estimated the selling prices of each element by reference to vendor-specific objective evidence of selling prices when the elements are sold separately. The revenue associated with each element is then recognized as earned. For example, if we receive an advance payment when we sell equipment and continuing service together, we immediately recognize as revenue the amount allocated to the equipment as long as all the conditions for revenue recognition have been satisfied. The portion of the advance payment allocated to the service based upon its relative selling price is recognized ratably over the longer of the contractual period or the expected customer relationship period.
In connection with offering products and services provided by third-party vendors, we review the relationship between us, the vendor and the end customer to assess whether revenue should be reported on a gross or net basis. In assessing whether revenue should be reported on a gross or net basis, we consider whether we act as a principal in the transaction, take title to the products, have risk and rewards of ownership or act as an agent or broker. Based on CenturyLink's agreements with DIRECTV and Verizon Wireless, we offer these services through sales agency relationships which are reported on a net basis.
Affiliate Transactions
Affiliate Transactions
We provide to our affiliates telecommunications services that we also provide to external customers. In addition, we provide to our affiliates computer system development and support services. Services provided by us to our affiliates are recognized as operating revenue-affiliates in our consolidated statements of operations. We also purchase services from our affiliates including telecommunications services, marketing and employee-related support services. Services provided to us from our affiliates are recognized as operating expenses-affiliates on our consolidated statements of operations. Because of the significance of the services we provide to our affiliates and our affiliates provide to us, the results of operations, financial position and cash flows presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations, financial position and cash flows we would have achieved had we operated as a stand-alone entity during the periods presented.
We recognize intercompany charges at the amounts billed to us by our affiliates and we recognize intercompany revenue for services we bill to our affiliates. Regulatory rules require certain revenues and expenses to be recorded at market price or fully distributed cost. Our compliance with regulations is subject to review by regulators. Adjustments to intercompany charges that result from these reviews are recorded in the period they become known.
CenturyLink has cash management arrangements between certain of its subsidiaries that include lines of credit, affiliate obligations, capital contributions and dividends. As part of these cash management arrangements, an affiliate provides lines of credit to certain other affiliates. Amounts outstanding under these lines of credit and intercompany obligations vary from time to time. Under these arrangements, the majority of our cash balance is transferred on a daily basis to CenturyLink and most affiliate transactions are deemed to be settled at the time the transactions are recorded in our accounting records, with the resulting net balance at the end of each period reflected as advances to affiliates on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. From time to time we declare and pay dividends to our parent, QSC, which are settled through the advances to affiliates, which has the net effect of reducing the amount of these advances. Dividends declared are reflected on our consolidated statements of stockholder's equity and the consolidated statements of cash flows reflects the changes in advances to affiliates as investing activities and changes in advances from affiliates as financing activities. Interest is assessed on the advances to/from affiliates on either the three-month U.S T-bill rate (for advances to affiliates) or CenturyLink’s weighted average borrowing rate (for advances from affiliates).
The affiliate obligations, net in current and noncurrent liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets primarily represents the cumulative allocation of expense, net of payments, associated with QCII’s pension plans and post-retirement benefits plans prior to the plan mergers. In 2015, we agreed to a plan to settle the outstanding affiliate obligations, net balance with QCII over a 30 year term. Payments will be made on a monthly basis. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, we made settlement payments of $97 million and $105 million, respectively, to QCII on our affiliate obligations, net balance. Changes in the affiliate obligations, net are reflected in operating activities on our consolidated statements of cash flows.
In the normal course of business, we transfer assets to and from various affiliates through our parent, QSC, which are recorded through our equity. It is our policy to record asset transfers based on carrying values.
USF, Gross Receipts Taxes and Other Surcharges
USF Surcharges, Gross Receipts Taxes and Other Surcharges
In determining whether to include in our revenues and expenses the taxes and surcharges collected from customers and remitted to government authorities, including USF surcharges, sales, use, value added and some excise taxes, we assess, among other things, whether we are the primary obligor or principal taxpayer for the taxes assessed in each jurisdiction where we do business. In jurisdictions where we determine that we are the principal taxpayer, we record the surcharges on a gross basis and include them in our revenues and costs of services and products. In jurisdictions where we determine that we are merely a collection agent for the government authority, we record the taxes on a net basis and do not include them in our revenues and costs of services and products.
Advertising Costs
Advertising Costs
Costs related to advertising are expensed as incurred and included in selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. Our advertising expense was $91 million, $84 million and $83 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Legal Costs
Legal Costs
In the normal course of our business, we incur costs to hire and retain external legal counsel to advise us on regulatory, litigation and other matters. We expense these costs as the related services are received.
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
Our results are included in the CenturyLink consolidated federal income tax return and certain combined state income tax returns. CenturyLink allocates income tax expense to us based upon a separate return allocation method which results in income tax expense that approximates the expense that would result if we were a stand-alone entity. Our reported deferred tax assets and liabilities, as discussed below and in Note 11—Income Taxes, are primarily determined as a result of the application of the separate return allocation method and therefore the settlement of these amounts is dependent upon our parent, CenturyLink, rather than tax authorities. Our current expectation is that the vast majority of deferred tax assets and liabilities will be settled through our general intercompany obligation based upon the current CenturyLink policy. CenturyLink has the right to change their policy regarding settlement of these assets and liabilities at any time.
The provision for income taxes consists of an amount for taxes currently payable, an amount for tax consequences deferred to future periods and adjustments to our liabilities for uncertain tax positions. We record deferred income tax assets and liabilities reflecting future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying value of assets and liabilities and the tax bases of those assets and liabilities. Deferred taxes are computed using enacted tax rates expected to apply in the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rate is recognized in earnings in the period that includes the enactment date.
We establish valuation allowances when necessary to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amounts that we believe are more likely than not to be recovered. Each quarter we evaluate the need to retain all or a portion of the valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets. See Note 11—Income Taxes for additional information.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into cash and are not subject to significant risk from fluctuations in interest rates. As a result, the value at which cash and cash equivalents are reported in our consolidated financial statements approximates their fair value. Our cash collections are transferred to CenturyLink on a daily basis and our ultimate parent funds our cash disbursement needs. The net cash transferred to CenturyLink has been reflected as advances to affiliates in our consolidated balance sheets.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Accounts receivable are recognized based upon the amount due from customers for the services provided or at cost for purchased and other receivables less an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts receivable reflects our best estimate of probable losses inherent in our receivable portfolio determined on the basis of historical experience, specific allowances for known troubled accounts and other currently available evidence. We generally consider our accounts past due if they are outstanding over 30 days. Our collection process varies by the customer segment, amount of the receivable, and our evaluation of the customer's credit risk. Our past due accounts are written off against our allowance for doubtful accounts when collection is considered to be not probable. Any recoveries of accounts previously written off are generally recognized as a reduction in bad debt expense in the period received. The carrying value of accounts receivable, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts, approximates fair value.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment
As a result of our indirect acquisition by CenturyLink, property, plant and equipment acquired at the time of acquisition was recorded based on its estimated fair value as of the acquisition date. Subsequently purchased and constructed property, plant and equipment is recorded at cost. Property, plant and equipment is depreciated primarily using the straight-line group method. Under the straight-line group method, assets dedicated to providing telecommunications services (which comprise the majority of our property, plant and equipment) that have similar physical characteristics, use and expected useful lives are pooled for purposes of depreciation and tracking. The equal life group procedure is used to establish each pool's average remaining useful life. Generally, under the straight-line group method, when an asset is sold or retired in the course of normal business activities, the cost is deducted from property, plant and equipment and charged to accumulated depreciation without recognition of a gain or loss. A gain or loss is recognized in our consolidated statements of operations only if a disposal is unusual. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the useful lives of the assets or the expected lease term. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Interest is capitalized during the construction phase of network and other internal-use capital projects. Employee-related costs for construction of network and other internal use assets are also capitalized during the construction phase. Property, plant and equipment supplies used internally are carried at average cost, except for significant individual items for which cost is based on specific identification.
We perform annual internal reviews to evaluate the reasonableness of the depreciable lives for our property, plant and equipment. Our reviews utilize models that take into account actual usage, physical wear and tear, replacement history, assumptions about technology evolution and, in certain instances, actuarially determined probabilities to estimate the remaining useful life of our asset base. Our remaining useful life assessments anticipate the loss in service value of assets that may precede the physical retirement. Assets shared among many customers may lose service value as those customers leave the network. However, the asset is not retired until all customers no longer utilize the asset and we determine there is no alternative use for the asset.
We review long-lived tangible assets for impairment whenever facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be recoverable. For assessment purposes, long-lived assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities, absent a material change in operations. An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying amount of the asset group is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. Recoverability of the asset group to be held and used is assessed by comparing the carrying amount of the asset group to the estimated undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group. If the asset group's carrying value is not recoverable, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value. We determine fair values by using a combination of comparable market values and discounted cash flows, as appropriate.
Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets
Intangible assets arising from business combinations, such as goodwill, customer relationships and capitalized software are initially recorded at estimated fair value. We amortize customer relationships primarily over an estimated life of ten years, using either the sum-of-the-years-digits or the straight-line methods, depending on the type of customer. We amortize capitalized software using the straight-line method over estimated lives ranging up to seven years. Other intangible assets not arising from business combinations are initially recorded at cost.
Internally used software, whether purchased or developed by us, is capitalized and amortized using the straight-line method over its estimated useful life. We have capitalized certain costs associated with software such as costs of employees devoting time to the projects and external direct costs for materials and services. Costs associated with software to be used for internal purposes are expensed until the point at which the project has reached the development stage. Subsequent additions, modifications or upgrades to internal-use software are capitalized only to the extent that they allow the software to perform a task it previously did not perform. Software maintenance, data conversion and training costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. We review the remaining economic lives of our capitalized software annually. Capitalized software is included in other intangible assets, net, in our consolidated balance sheets.
We are required to assess goodwill for impairment at least annually, or more frequently, if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate an impairment may have occurred. We are required to write-down the value of goodwill in periods in which the recorded amount of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of goodwill. The impairment assessment is performed annually at the reporting unit level. We have determined that our operations consist of one reporting unit, consistent with our determination that our business consists of one operating segment. See Note 2—Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets for additional information.
Pension and Post-Retirement Benefits
Pension and Post-Retirement Benefits
A substantial portion of our active and retired employees participate in the CenturyLink Combined Pension Plan. On December 31, 2014, the QCII pension plan and a pension plan of an affiliate were merged into the CenturyLink Retirement Plan. The CenturyLink Retirement Plan was renamed the CenturyLink Combined Pension Plan. Prior to the pension plan merger, the above-noted employees participated in the QCII pension plan. In addition, certain of our employees participate in CenturyLink's post-retirement health care and life insurance benefit plans. CenturyLink allocates service costs relating to pension and post-retirement health care and life insurance benefits to us and its other affiliates. The amounts contributed by us through CenturyLink are not segregated or restricted to pay amounts due to our employees and may be used to provide benefits to other employees of CenturyLink. The allocation of the service costs to us is based upon our employees who are currently earning benefits under the plans.
For further information on qualified pension, post-retirement and other post-employment benefit plans, see CenturyLink's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Income Taxes
On October 24, 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-16, “Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory” ("ASU 2016-16"). ASU 2016-16 eliminates the current prohibition on the recognition of the income tax effects on the transfer of assets among our subsidiaries. After adoption of this ASU, the income tax effects associated with these asset transfers, except for the transfer of inventory, will be recognized in the period the asset is transferred versus the current deferral and recognition upon either the sale of the asset to a third party or over the remaining useful life of the asset. We are currently reviewing the requirements of this ASU and evaluating the impact on our consolidated financial statements.
We are required to adopt the provisions of ASU 2016-16 on January 1, 2018, but have the option to early adopt as of January 1, 2017. We plan to adopt the provision of ASU 2016-16 on January 1, 2018. The impact of adopting ASU 2016-16, if any, will be recognized through a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings as of the date of adoption.
Financial Instruments
On June 16, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). The primary impact of ASU 2016-13 for us is a change in the model for the recognition of credit losses related to our financial instruments from an incurred loss model, which recognized credit losses only if it was probable that a loss had been incurred, to an expected loss model, which requires our management team to estimate the total credit losses expected on the portfolio of financial instruments. We are currently reviewing the requirements of the standard and evaluating the impact on our consolidated financial statements.    
We are required to adopt the provisions of ASU 2016-13 effective January 1, 2020, but could elect to early adopt the provisions as of January 1, 2019. We expect to recognize any impacts of adopting ASU 2016-13 through a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings as of the date of adoption. As of the date of this annual report, we have not yet determined the date we will adopt ASU 2016-13.
Share-based Compensation
On March 30, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Improvement to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting" (“ASU 2016-09”). ASU 2016-09 modifies the accounting and associated income tax accounting for share-based compensation in order to reduce the cost and complexity associated with current generally accepted accounting principles. ASU 2016-09 became effective as of January 1, 2017. ASU 2016-09 includes different transition requirements for the different changes implemented, including some provisions which allow retrospective application. We will implement this new standard on its effective date.
The primary provisions of ASU 2016-09 that we expect will affect our financial statements are: (1) a reclassification of the tax effect associated with the difference between the expense recognized for share-based payments and the associated tax deduction from additional paid-in capital to income tax expense; (2) a reclassification of the tax effect associated with the difference between compensation expense and associated deduction from financing cash flow to operating cash flow; and (3) a change in our accounting policy to account for forfeitures of share-based payment grants as they occur as opposed to our current policy of estimating the forfeitures on the grant date. The adoption of this accounting policy change will result in an immaterial increase in our retained earnings as of January 1, 2017. Although the provisions would not have had a material impact on our previously-issued financial statements, we cannot provide any assurance regarding their future impacts. Adoption of ASU 2016-09 may increase the volatility of income tax expense and cash flow from operating activities.
Leases
On February 25, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (“ASU 2016-02”). The core principle of ASU 2016-02 will require lessees to present right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on their balance sheets for operating leases, which are currently not reflected on their balance sheets.
ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning January 1, 2019. Early adoption of ASU 2016-02 is permitted. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-02, we are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented in our consolidated financial statements using a modified retrospective approach. The modified retrospective approach includes a number of optional practical expedients that we may elect to apply. We will implement this new standard on its effective date, but we have not yet decided which practical expedient options we will elect.
We are currently evaluating our existing lease accounting systems to determine whether our current systems will support the new accounting requirements or if upgrades or new systems will be required, and we are in the process of developing an implementation plan. We are also currently evaluating and assessing the impact ASU 2016-02 will have on us and our consolidated financial statements. As of the date of this annual report, we cannot provide any estimate of the impact of adopting ASU 2016-02.
Revenue Recognition
On May 28, 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 replaces virtually all existing generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) on revenue recognition and replaces them with a principles-based approach for determining revenue recognition using a new five step model. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 also includes new accounting principles related to the deferral and amortization of contract acquisition and fulfillment costs. We currently do not defer any contract acquisition costs but we expect we will defer certain contract acquisition costs in the future which could have the impact of lowering our operating expenses. We currently defer contract fulfillment costs only up to the extent of any revenue deferred. Under ASU 2014-09, in certain transactions our deferred contract fulfillment costs could exceed our deferred revenues, which could result in an increase in deferred costs and could also have the impact of lowering our operating expenses.
On July 9, 2015, the FASB approved the deferral of the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year until January 1, 2018, which is the date we plan to adopt this standard. ASU 2014-09 may be adopted by applying the provisions of this standard on a retrospective basis to the periods included in the financial statements or on a modified retrospective basis which would result in the recognition of a cumulative effect of adopting ASU 2014-09 in the first quarter of 2018. We have completed our initial assessment of our business and systems requirements and we are currently developing and implementing a new revenue recognition system to comply with the requirements of ASU 2014-09. Based on this initial assessment, we currently plan to adopt the new revenue recognition standard under the modified retrospective transition method. Until we are further along in implementing our new revenue recognition system, we do not anticipate being able to provide reasonably accurate estimates of the impact of ASU 2014-09 on the timing of our revenue recognition.
v3.6.0.2
Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of goodwill, customer relationships and other intangible assets
Goodwill, customer relationships and other intangible assets consisted of the following:
 
As of December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Dollars in millions)
Goodwill
$
9,354

 
9,354

Customer relationships, less accumulated amortization of $3,822 and $3,264
$
1,877

 
2,435

Other intangible assets subject to amortization:
 
 
 
Capitalized software, less accumulated amortization of $1,510 and $1,383
$
471

 
613

Summary of amortization expense
Total amortization expense for intangible assets was as follows:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(Dollars in millions)
Amortization expense for intangible assets
$
767

 
871

 
957

Schedule of estimated amortization expense for intangible assets
We estimate that total amortization expense for intangible assets for the years ending December 31, 2017 through 2021 will be as follows:
 
(Dollars in millions)
Year ending December 31,
 
2017
$
652

2018
584

2019
509

2020
440

2021
127

v3.6.0.2
Long-Term Debt and Revolving Promissory Note (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of long-term debt, including unamortized discounts and premiums
Long-term debt, including unamortized premiums and discounts, unamortized debt issuance costs and note payable-affiliate, were as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31,
 
Interest Rates
 
Maturities
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
Senior notes
6.125% - 7.750%
 
2017 - 2056
 
$
7,259

 
7,229

Term loan
2.520%
 
2025
 
100

 
100

Capital lease and other obligations
Various
 
Various
 
32

 
17

Unamortized premiums, net
 
 
 
 
4

 
16

Unamortized debt issuance costs
 
 
 
 
(134
)
 
(123
)
Total long-term debt
 
 
 
 
7,261

 
7,239

Less current maturities
 
 
 
 
(514
)
 
(242
)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities
 
 
 
 
$
6,747

 
6,997

Note payable-affiliate
6.678%
 
2022
 
$
914

 
855

Schedule of aggregate maturities of the entity's long-term debt (excluding unamortized premiums, discounts, and other)
Set forth below is the aggregate principal amount of our long-term debt (excluding unamortized premiums and discounts and unamortized debt issuance costs and other and excluding note payable-affiliate) maturing during the following years:
 
(Dollars in millions)(1)
2017
$
514

2018
10

2019
4

2020

2021
951

2022 and thereafter
5,912

Total long-term debt
$
7,391

_______________________________________________________________________________
(1) Actual principal paid in any year may differ due to the possible future refinancing of outstanding debt or the issuance of new debt.
Schedule of amount of gross interest expense, net of capitalized interest and interest expense (income)-affiliates
Interest expense includes interest on total long-term debt. The following table presents the amount of gross interest expense, net of capitalized interest and interest expense-affiliates, net:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(Dollars in millions)
Interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
Gross interest expense
$
497

 
491

 
481

Capitalized interest
(19
)
 
(18
)
 
(17
)
Total interest expense
$
478

 
473

 
464

Interest expense-affiliates, net
$
59

 
53

 
40

v3.6.0.2
Accounts Receivable (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Receivables [Abstract]  
Schedule of the entity's accounts receivable balances
The following table presents details of our accounts receivable balances:
 
As of December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Dollars in millions)
Trade and purchased receivables
$
634

 
620

Earned and unbilled receivables
115

 
111

Other
4

 
4

Total accounts receivable
753

 
735

Less: allowance for doubtful accounts
(53
)
 
(47
)
Accounts receivable, less allowance
$
700

 
688

Schedule of the entity's allowance for doubtful accounts
The following table presents details of our allowance for doubtful accounts:
 
Beginning
Balance
 
Additions
 
Deductions
 
Ending
Balance
 
(Dollars in millions)
2016
$
47

 
80

 
(74
)
 
53

2015
$
38

 
78

 
(69
)
 
47

2014
$
43

 
64

 
(69
)
 
38

v3.6.0.2
Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Schedule of net property, plant and equipment
Net property, plant and equipment is composed of the following:
 
Depreciable
Lives
 
As of December 31,
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
Property, plant and equipment:
 
 
 
 
 
Land
N/A
 
$
348

 
349

Fiber, conduit and other outside plant(1)
15-45 years
 
5,980

 
5,362

Central office and other network electronics(2)
4-10 years
 
3,855

 
3,614

Support assets(3)
5-30 years
 
2,633

 
2,584

Construction in progress(4)
N/A
 
431

 
273

Gross property, plant and equipment
 
 
13,247

 
12,182

Accumulated depreciation
 
 
(5,602
)
 
(4,808
)
Net property, plant and equipment
 
 
$
7,645

 
7,374

_______________________________________________________________________________
(1) 
Fiber, conduit and other outside plant consists of fiber and metallic cable, conduit, poles and other supporting structures.
(2) 
Central office and other network electronics consists of circuit and packet switches, routers, transmission electronics and electronics providing service to customers.
(3) 
Support assets consist of buildings, computers and other administrative and support equipment.
(4) 
Construction in progress includes inventory held for construction and property of the aforementioned categories that has not been placed in service as it is still under construction.
v3.6.0.2
Severance (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Schedule of changes in accrued liability for severance expenses
Changes in our accrued liability for severance expenses were as follows:
 
Severance
 
(Dollars in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2014
$
10

Accrued to expense
51

Payments, net
(55
)
Balance at December 31, 2015
6

Accrued to expense
89

Payments, net
(43
)
Balance at December 31, 2016
$
52

v3.6.0.2
Products and Services Revenues (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Schedule of operating revenues by products and services
Our operating revenues for our products and services consisted of the following categories for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(Dollars in millions)
Strategic services
$
2,690

 
2,610

 
2,449

Legacy services
3,222

 
3,600

 
3,967

Affiliates and other services
2,998

 
2,754

 
2,422

Total operating revenues
$
8,910

 
8,964

 
8,838

v3.6.0.2
Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Summary of open income tax years by jurisdiction
Our open income tax years by major jurisdiction are as follows at December 31, 2016:
Jurisdiction
 
Open Tax Years
Federal
 
2013—current
State
 
 
Arizona
 
2010—current
Other states
 
2012—current
Schedule of components of the income tax expense from continuing operations
The components of the income tax expense from continuing operations are as follows:

Years Ended December 31,

2016
 
2015
 
2014

(Dollars in millions)
Income tax expense:





Current:





Federal and foreign
$
686


734

 
738

State and local
115


114

 
129

Total current
801


848


867

Deferred:





Federal and foreign
(103
)

(170
)
 
(209
)
State and local
(20
)

(19
)
 
(19
)
Total deferred
(123
)

(189
)

(228
)
Income tax expense
$
678


659


639

Schedule of effective income tax rate for continuing operations that differs from the statutory tax rate
The effective income tax rate for continuing operations differs from the statutory tax rate as follows:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in percent)
Effective income tax rate:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal statutory income tax rate
35.0
 %
 
35.0
 %
 
35.0
%
State income taxes-net of federal effect
3.5
 %
 
3.6
 %
 
4.0
%
Other
 %
 
(0.6
)%
 
0.7
%
Effective income tax rate
38.5
 %
 
38.0
 %
 
39.7
%
Schedule of components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities
The components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
 
As of December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Dollars in millions)
Deferred tax assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment
$
(1,384
)
 
(1,431
)
Intangibles assets
(1,088
)
 
(1,153
)
Receivable from an affiliate due to pension plan participation
(452
)
 
(460
)
Other

 
(59
)
Total deferred tax liabilities
(2,924
)
 
(3,103
)
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Payable to affiliate due to post-retirement benefit plan participation
954

 
921

Debt premiums

 
21

Other
209

 
277

Total deferred tax assets
1,163

 
1,219

Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets
(12
)
 
(12
)
Net deferred tax assets
1,151

 
1,207

Net deferred tax liabilities
$
(1,773
)
 
(1,896
)
v3.6.0.2
Fair Value Disclosure (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Schedule of the three input levels in the hierarchy of fair value measurements
The three input levels in the hierarchy of fair value measurements are defined by the FASB generally as follows:
Input Level
 
Description of Input
Level 1
 
Observable inputs such as quoted market prices in active markets.
Level 2
 
Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable.
Level 3
 
Unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists.
Schedule of carrying amounts and estimated fair values of long-term debt, excluding capital lease obligations, and input levels to determine fair values
The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our long-term debt, excluding capital lease and other obligations and unamortized debt issuance costs, as well as the input levels used to determine the fair values:
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2016
 
As of December 31, 2015
 
Input
Level
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
Liabilities-Long-term debt (excluding capital lease and other obligations)
2
 
$
7,229

 
7,203

 
7,222

 
7,456

v3.6.0.2
Stockholder's Equity (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]  
Schedule of cash dividends declared
We declared the following cash dividend to QSC:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(Dollars in millions)
Cash dividend declared to QSC
$
1,300

 
1,350

 
1,400

Cash dividend paid to QSC
1,300

 
1,350

 
1,400


v3.6.0.2
Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of quarterly financial information
 
First
Quarter
 
Second
Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Fourth
Quarter
 
Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating revenues
$
2,253

 
2,223

 
2,226

 
2,208

 
8,910

Operating income
625

 
602

 
576

 
519

 
2,322

Income tax expense
188

 
179

 
159

 
152

 
678

Net income
304

 
288

 
255

 
238

 
1,085

 
First
Quarter
 
Second
Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Fourth
Quarter
 
Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating revenues
$
2,217

 
2,222

 
2,287

 
2,238

 
8,964

Operating income
545

 
521

 
572

 
622

 
2,260

Income tax expense
167

 
152

 
171

 
169

 
659

Net income
247

 
238

 
268

 
321

 
1,074

v3.6.0.2
Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Summary of the entity's capital lease activity
The tables below summarize our capital lease activity:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(Dollars in millions)
Assets acquired through capital leases
$
10

 
10

 
3

Depreciation expense
5

 
19

 
32

Cash payments towards capital leases
6

 
20

 
32

 
As of December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Dollars in millions)
Assets included in property, plant and equipment
$
40

 
66

Accumulated depreciation
22

 
55

Schedule of future annual minimum payments under capital lease
The future annual minimum payments under capital lease arrangements as of December 31, 2016 were as follows:
 
Future Minimum
Payments
 
(Dollars in millions)
Capital lease obligations:
 
2017
$
7

2018
7

2019
4

2020
1

2021
2

2022 and thereafter
5

Total minimum payments
26

Less: amount representing interest and executory costs
(7
)
Present value of minimum payments
19

Less: current portion
(6
)
Long-term portion
$
13

Schedule of future minimum payments under operating leases
At December 31, 2016, our future rental commitments for operating leases were as follows:
 
Future Minimum
Payments
 
(Dollars in millions)
Operating leases:
 
2017
$
51

2018
47

2019
40

2020
33

2021
17

2022 and thereafter
38

Total future minimum payments(1)
$
226

_______________________________________________________________________________
(1) 
Minimum payments have not been reduced by minimum sublease rentals of $28 million due in the future under non-cancelable subleases.
v3.6.0.2
Other Financial Information (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Additional Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of other current assets
The following table presents details of other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets:
 
As of December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Dollars in millions)
Prepaid expenses
$
48

 
46

Assets held for sale
8

 

Other
73

 
77

Total other current assets
$
129

 
123

Schedule of accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Current liabilities reflected in our consolidated balance sheets include accounts payable:
 
As of December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Dollars in millions)
Accounts payable
$
398

 
369

v3.6.0.2
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Change in accounting method accounted for as change in estimate  
Change in accounting estimates  
Change in allocation of pension and post-retirement service costs In 2015, our ultimate parent company, CenturyLink, Inc. ("CenturyLink"), changed their allocation methodology with respect to their now centrally managed pension and post-retirement plans. Specifically, under this new methodology, CenturyLink will allocate current service costs to subsidiaries relative to employees which are currently earning benefits under the pension and post-retirement benefit plans. The net periodic benefit cost allocated to us is now paid on a monthly basis through CenturyLink’s intercompany cash management process. The change in methodology resulted in a decrease of $7 million to our net periodic benefit cost for the year ended December 31, 2015.
v3.6.0.2
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 2)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Aug. 27, 2015
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2015
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
USD ($)
Products and Services Revenues          
Number of states in which entity operates       14  
CAF Phase 2 Support          
Products and Services Revenues          
Incremental increase in other operating revenues - CAF Phase II   $ 31 $ 64    
CAF Phase 2 Support | CenturyLink, Inc.          
Products and Services Revenues          
Federal support, total amount per agreement $ 500        
Contract or agreement term (in years) 6        
Number of rural households and businesses 1,200,000        
Number of states in which entity operates 33        
CAF Phase 2 Support | Qwest Corporation          
Products and Services Revenues          
Federal support, total amount per agreement $ 150        
Number of rural households and businesses 300,000        
Number of states in which entity operates 13        
Incremental increase in other operating revenues - CAF Phase II       $ 95 $ 95
v3.6.0.2
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 3) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Advertising Costs      
Advertising expense $ 91 $ 84 $ 83
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts      
Threshold for determining accounts receivable as past due, days outstanding 30 days    
Activation and installation charges | Minimum      
Revenue Recognition      
Customer relationship period for revenue recognition 2 years    
Activation and installation charges | Maximum      
Revenue Recognition      
Customer relationship period for revenue recognition 13 years    
Qwest Communications International, Inc.      
Affiliate Transactions      
Description of related party transaction In 2015, we agreed to a plan to settle the outstanding affiliate obligations, net balance with QCII over a 30 year term. Payments will be made on a monthly basis.    
Pension, Supplemental and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans | Qwest Communications International, Inc.      
Affiliate Transactions      
Description of related party transaction   In 2015, we agreed to a plan to settle the outstanding pension and post-retirement affiliate obligations, net balance with QCII over a 30 year term. Payments will be made on a monthly basis.  
Repayments on affiliate obligation $ 97 $ 105  
v3.6.0.2
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 4)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2016
segment
Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets    
Number of reporting units 1 1
Number of operating segments   1
Customer relationships    
Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets    
Finite-lived intangible assets, maximum useful life   10 years
Capitalized software    
Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets    
Finite-lived intangible assets, maximum useful life   7 years
v3.6.0.2
Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets (Details)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2014
USD ($)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]        
Goodwill   $ 9,354 $ 9,354  
Gross carrying amounts of goodwill, customer relationships and other intangible assets   17,034    
Amortization expense for intangible assets   $ 767 871 $ 957
Number of reporting units 1 1    
Weighted average cost of capital - discount rate (as a percent) 6.00%      
After-tax cost of debt component of discount rate (as a percent) 2.80%      
Cost of equity component of discount rate (as a percent) 6.20%      
Estimated amortization expense for intangible assets        
2017   $ 652    
2018   584    
2019   509    
2020   440    
2021   127    
Customer relationships        
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]        
Finite-lived intangible assets, net   1,877 2,435  
Accumulated amortization   3,822 3,264  
Capitalized software        
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]        
Finite-lived intangible assets, net   471 613  
Accumulated amortization   $ 1,510 $ 1,383  
v3.6.0.2
Long-Term Debt and Revolving Promissory Note (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Long-term debt    
Long-term debt, gross $ 7,391  
Capital lease and other obligations 32 $ 17
Unamortized premiums, net 4 16
Unamortized debt issuance costs (134) (123)
Total long-term debt 7,261 7,239
Less current maturities (514) (242)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities 6,747 6,997
Revolving promissory note    
Note payable - affiliate 914 855
Senior notes | Qwest Corporation    
Long-term debt    
Long-term debt, gross $ 7,259 7,229
Senior notes | Qwest Corporation | Minimum    
Long-term debt    
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent) 6.125%  
Senior notes | Qwest Corporation | Maximum    
Long-term debt    
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent) 7.75%  
Term loan | Qwest Corporation    
Long-term debt    
Long-term debt, gross $ 100 100
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent) 2.52%  
Revolving promissory note | Qwest Corporation | CenturyLink, Inc. affiliate    
Revolving promissory note    
Short-term debt, weighted average interest rate (as a percent) 6.678%  
Note payable - affiliate $ 914 $ 855
Maximum borrowing capacity, note payable-affiliate 1,000  
Accrued interest payable. note payable-affiliate $ 5  
v3.6.0.2
Long-Term Debt and Revolving Promissory Note (Details 2)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Sep. 15, 2016
USD ($)
Aug. 29, 2016
USD ($)
Aug. 22, 2016
USD ($)
Jan. 29, 2016
USD ($)
Sep. 21, 2015
USD ($)
Feb. 20, 2015
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2014
USD ($)
May 02, 2016
USD ($)
Oct. 13, 2015
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2015
USD ($)
Jun. 15, 2015
USD ($)
Debt instruments                          
Net loss on early retirement of debt             $ 27 $ 0 $ 0        
Long-term debt, gross             7,391            
Amount of gross interest expense, net of capitalized interest and interest expense - affiliates                          
Gross interest expense             497 491 481        
Capitalized interest             (19) (18) (17)        
Total interest expense             478 473 464        
Interest expense-affiliates, net             59 53 $ 40        
Senior notes | Qwest Corporation                          
Debt instruments                          
Long-term debt, gross             $ 7,259 7,229          
Senior notes | Qwest Corporation | Minimum                          
Debt instruments                          
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)             6.125%            
Senior notes | Qwest Corporation | Maximum                          
Debt instruments                          
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)             7.75%            
Term loan | Qwest Corporation                          
Debt instruments                          
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)             2.52%            
Long-term debt, gross             $ 100 100          
6.5% Notes due 2056 | Senior notes | Qwest Corporation                          
Debt instruments                          
Face amount of debt instrument     $ 978                    
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)     6.50%                    
Debt instrument face amount over-allotment     $ 128                    
Net proceeds from issuance of debt     $ 946                    
6.5% Notes due 2056 | Senior notes | Qwest Corporation | Debt instrument, redemption period one                          
Debt instruments                          
Debt instrument redemption description     on or after September 1, 2021, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount redeemed                    
7.00% Notes due 2056 | Senior notes | Qwest Corporation                          
Debt instruments                          
Face amount of debt instrument       $ 235                  
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)       7.00%                  
Net proceeds from issuance of debt       $ 227                  
7.00% Notes due 2056 | Senior notes | Qwest Corporation | Debt instrument, redemption period one                          
Debt instruments                          
Debt instrument redemption description       on or after February 1, 2021, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount redeemed                  
6.625% Notes due 2055 | Senior notes | Qwest Corporation                          
Debt instruments                          
Face amount of debt instrument         $ 400                
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)         6.625%                
Debt instrument face amount over-allotment                       $ 10  
Net proceeds from issuance of debt         $ 386                
6.625% Notes due 2055 | Senior notes | Qwest Corporation | Debt instrument, redemption period one                          
Debt instruments                          
Redemption price of debt instrument (as a percent)         100.00%                
7.5% Notes due 2051 | Senior notes | Qwest Corporation                          
Debt instruments                          
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent) 7.50%                        
Repurchased face amount of Senior notes $ 287                        
Net loss on early retirement of debt $ 9                        
7.375% Notes Due 2051 | Senior notes | Qwest Corporation                          
Debt instruments                          
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)   7.375%                      
Repurchased face amount of Senior notes   $ 661                      
Net loss on early retirement of debt   $ 18                      
8.375% Notes due 2016 | Senior notes | Qwest Corporation                          
Debt instruments                          
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)                   8.375%      
Repurchased face amount of Senior notes                   $ 235      
7.200% Notes due 2026 | Senior notes | Qwest Corporation                          
Debt instruments                          
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)                     7.20%    
Repurchased face amount of Senior notes                     $ 250    
6.875% Noted due 2033 | Senior notes | Qwest Corporation                          
Debt instruments                          
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)                     6.875%    
Repurchased face amount of Senior notes                     $ 150    
7.625% Noted due 2015 | Senior notes | Qwest Corporation                          
Debt instruments                          
Interest rate, stated percentage (as a percent)                         7.625%
Repurchased face amount of Senior notes                         $ 92
Term Loan | Term loan | Qwest Corporation                          
Debt instruments                          
Face amount of debt instrument           $ 100              
Long-term debt, gross             $ 100 $ 100          
Term Loan covenant Debt to EBITDA Ratio             2.85            
Term Loan | Term loan | Qwest Corporation | Minimum | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)                          
Debt instruments                          
Interest rate margin (as a percent)           1.50%              
Term Loan | Term loan | Qwest Corporation | Minimum | Base Rate                          
Debt instruments                          
Interest rate margin (as a percent)           0.50%              
Term Loan | Term loan | Qwest Corporation | Maximum | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)                          
Debt instruments                          
Interest rate margin (as a percent)           2.50%              
Term Loan | Term loan | Qwest Corporation | Maximum | Base Rate                          
Debt instruments                          
Interest rate margin (as a percent)           1.50%              
v3.6.0.2
Long-Term Debt and Revolving Promissory Note (Details 3)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
Maturities of long-term debt (excluding unamortized premiums and discounts and unamortized debt issuance costs and other and excluding note payable-affiliate)  
2017 $ 514
2018 10
2019 4
2020 0
2021 951
2022 and thereafter 5,912
Total long-term debt $ 7,391
v3.6.0.2
Accounts Receivable (Details) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Accounts receivable          
Other       $ 4,000,000 $ 4,000,000
Total accounts receivable, gross, current       753,000,000 735,000,000
Accounts receivable, allowance (in dollars) $ (47,000,000) $ (38,000,000) $ (43,000,000) (53,000,000) (47,000,000)
Accounts receivable, less allowance       700,000,000 688,000,000
Customer receivable in excess of 10% of accounts receivable       0  
Changes in allowance for doubtful accounts          
Beginning balance 47,000,000 38,000,000 43,000,000    
Provision for uncollectible accounts 80,000,000 78,000,000 64,000,000    
Deductions (74,000,000) (69,000,000) (69,000,000)    
Ending balance $ 53,000,000 $ 47,000,000 $ 38,000,000    
Earned and unbilled receivables          
Accounts receivable          
Total accounts receivable, gross, current       115,000,000 111,000,000
Trade and purchased receivables          
Accounts receivable          
Total accounts receivable, gross, current       $ 634,000,000 $ 620,000,000
v3.6.0.2
Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Property, plant and equipment      
Gross property, plant and equipment $ 13,247 $ 12,182  
Accumulated depreciation (5,602) (4,808)  
Net property, plant and equipment 7,645 7,374  
Depreciation expense 924 986 $ 1,048
Land      
Property, plant and equipment      
Gross property, plant and equipment 348 349  
Fiber, conduit and other outside plant(1)      
Property, plant and equipment      
Gross property, plant and equipment $ 5,980 5,362  
Fiber, conduit and other outside plant(1) | Minimum      
Property, plant and equipment      
Depreciable lives 15 years    
Fiber, conduit and other outside plant(1) | Maximum      
Property, plant and equipment      
Depreciable lives 45 years    
Central office and other network electronics(2)      
Property, plant and equipment      
Gross property, plant and equipment $ 3,855 3,614  
Central office and other network electronics(2) | Minimum      
Property, plant and equipment      
Depreciable lives 4 years    
Central office and other network electronics(2) | Maximum      
Property, plant and equipment      
Depreciable lives 10 years    
Support assets(3)      
Property, plant and equipment      
Gross property, plant and equipment $ 2,633 2,584  
Support assets(3) | Minimum      
Property, plant and equipment      
Depreciable lives 5 years    
Support assets(3) | Maximum      
Property, plant and equipment      
Depreciable lives 30 years    
Construction in progress(4)      
Property, plant and equipment      
Gross property, plant and equipment $ 431 $ 273  
v3.6.0.2
Property, Plant and Equipment (Details 2) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Property, plant and equipment        
Impairment of asset $ 11 $ 11 $ 0 $ 17
Office Building        
Property, plant and equipment        
Impairment of asset       $ 17
v3.6.0.2
Severance (Details) - Employee severance - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Restructuring reserve    
Balance at the beginning of the period $ 6 $ 10
Accrued to expense 89 51
Payments, net (43) (55)
Balance at the end of the period $ 52 $ 6
v3.6.0.2
Employee Benefits (Details)
1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2013
Dec. 31, 2017
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2014
USD ($)
Employee Benefits          
Collective bargaining agreements term 4 years        
Collective bargaining arrangement, number of participating unionized employees     11,000    
Collective bargaining arrangement, number of participating active employees and retirees     11,000    
Qwest Communications International, Inc.          
Employee Benefits          
Description of related party transaction     In 2015, we agreed to a plan to settle the outstanding affiliate obligations, net balance with QCII over a 30 year term. Payments will be made on a monthly basis.    
Allocated expenses by parent entities (as a percent)         92.00%
CenturyLink, Inc.          
Employee Benefits          
Allocated expenses by parent entities (as a percent)     70.00% 69.00%  
Pension Plan          
Employee Benefits          
Defined benefit plan, service cost     $ 45,000,000 $ 57,000,000  
Net periodic benefit cost         $ (98,000,000)
Pension Plan | CenturyLink, Inc.          
Employee Benefits          
Employer contributions to benefit plan     100,000,000 100,000,000  
Unfunded status     (2,352,000,000) (2,215,000,000)  
Post-Retirement Benefit Plan          
Employee Benefits          
Defined benefit plan, service cost     14,000,000 17,000,000  
Net periodic benefit cost         $ 128,000,000
Post-Retirement Benefit Plan | CenturyLink, Inc.          
Employee Benefits          
Employer contributions to benefit plan     0 0  
Unfunded status     (3,360,000,000) $ (3,374,000,000)  
Pension, Supplemental and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans | Qwest Communications International, Inc.          
Employee Benefits          
Description of related party transaction       In 2015, we agreed to a plan to settle the outstanding pension and post-retirement affiliate obligations, net balance with QCII over a 30 year term. Payments will be made on a monthly basis.  
Repayments on affiliate obligation     $ 97,000,000 $ 105,000,000  
Change in accounting method accounted for as change in estimate          
Employee Benefits          
Change in allocation of pension and post-retirement service costs       In 2015, our ultimate parent company, CenturyLink, Inc. ("CenturyLink"), changed their allocation methodology with respect to their now centrally managed pension and post-retirement plans. Specifically, under this new methodology, CenturyLink will allocate current service costs to subsidiaries relative to employees which are currently earning benefits under the pension and post-retirement benefit plans. The net periodic benefit cost allocated to us is now paid on a monthly basis through CenturyLink’s intercompany cash management process. The change in methodology resulted in a decrease of $7 million to our net periodic benefit cost for the year ended December 31, 2015.  
Change in accounting method accounted for as change in estimate | Pension, Supplemental and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans          
Employee Benefits          
Change in allocation of pension and post-retirement service costs       In 2015, our ultimate parent company, CenturyLink, changed their allocation methodology with respect to their now centrally managed pension and post-retirement plans. Specifically, under this new methodology, CenturyLink will allocate current service costs to subsidiaries relative to employees who are currently earning benefits under the pension and post-retirement benefit plans. The net periodic benefit cost allocated to us is now paid on a monthly basis through CenturyLink’s intercompany cash management process.  
Forecast | Pension Plan | CenturyLink, Inc.          
Employee Benefits          
Employer contributions to benefit plan   $ 100,000,000      
v3.6.0.2
Employee Benefits (Details 2) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Health Care and Life Insurance [Abstract]      
Health care benefit expenses $ 241 $ 217 $ 204
v3.6.0.2
Employee Benefits (Details 3) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Pension Plan      
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Costs recognized for 401(k) Plan $ 42 $ 43 $ 47
v3.6.0.2
Share-Based Compensation (Details) - Stock compensation plan - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Share-based compensation      
Share based compensation expense $ 22 $ 21 $ 21
Income tax benefit recognized, associated with share-based compensation expense $ 8 $ 8 $ 8
v3.6.0.2
Products and Services Revenues (Details)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2016
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2016
USD ($)
Mar. 31, 2016
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2015
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2015
USD ($)
Mar. 31, 2015
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
category
Dec. 31, 2015
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2014
USD ($)
Products and Services Revenues                      
Number of categories of products and services (categories) | category                 3    
Operating revenues $ 2,208 $ 2,226 $ 2,223 $ 2,253 $ 2,238 $ 2,287 $ 2,222 $ 2,217 $ 8,910 $ 8,964 $ 8,838
Taxes and surcharges included in operating revenues and expenses                 $ 149 147 151
Number of reportable segments                 1    
Strategic services                      
Products and Services Revenues                      
Operating revenues                 $ 2,690 2,610 2,449
Legacy services                      
Products and Services Revenues                      
Operating revenues                 3,222 3,600 3,967
Affiliates and other services                      
Products and Services Revenues                      
Operating revenues                 $ 2,998 2,754 2,422
Low-bandwidth data services | Restatement Adjustment | Strategic services                      
Products and Services Revenues                      
Operating revenues                   (823) (980)
Low-bandwidth data services | Restatement Adjustment | Legacy services                      
Products and Services Revenues                      
Operating revenues                   $ 823 $ 980
v3.6.0.2
Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Sep. 30, 2016
Jun. 30, 2016
Mar. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Sep. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2015
Mar. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Current:                      
Federal and foreign                 $ 686,000,000 $ 734,000,000 $ 738,000,000
State and local                 115,000,000 114,000,000 129,000,000
Total current                 801,000,000 848,000,000 867,000,000
Deferred:                      
Federal and foreign                 (103,000,000) (170,000,000) (209,000,000)
State and local                 (20,000,000) (19,000,000) (19,000,000)
Total deferred                 (123,000,000) (189,000,000) (228,000,000)
Income tax expense $ 152,000,000 $ 159,000,000 $ 179,000,000 $ 188,000,000 $ 169,000,000 $ 171,000,000 $ 152,000,000 $ 167,000,000 $ 678,000,000 $ 659,000,000 $ 639,000,000
Effective income tax rate:                      
Federal statutory income tax rate (as a percent)                 35.00% 35.00% 35.00%
State income taxes-net of federal effect (as a percent)                 3.50% 3.60% 4.00%
Other (as a percent)                 0.00% (0.60%) 0.70%
Effective income tax rate (as a percent)                 38.50% 38.00% 39.70%
Deferred tax liabilities:                      
Property, plant and equipment (1,384,000,000)       (1,431,000,000)       $ (1,384,000,000) $ (1,431,000,000)  
Intangibles assets (1,088,000,000)       (1,153,000,000)       (1,088,000,000) (1,153,000,000)  
Receivable from an affiliate due to pension plan participation (452,000,000)       (460,000,000)       (452,000,000) (460,000,000)  
Other 0       (59,000,000)       0 (59,000,000)  
Total deferred tax liabilities (2,924,000,000)       (3,103,000,000)       (2,924,000,000) (3,103,000,000)  
Deferred tax assets:                      
Payable to affiliate due to post-retirement plan participation 954,000,000       921,000,000       954,000,000 921,000,000  
Debt premiums 0       21,000,000       0 21,000,000  
Other 209,000,000       277,000,000       209,000,000 277,000,000  
Total deferred tax assets 1,163,000,000       1,219,000,000       1,163,000,000 1,219,000,000  
Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets (12,000,000)       (12,000,000)       (12,000,000) (12,000,000)  
Net deferred tax assets 1,151,000,000       1,207,000,000       1,151,000,000 1,207,000,000  
Net deferred tax liabilities (1,773,000,000)       (1,896,000,000)       (1,773,000,000) (1,896,000,000)  
Change in valuation allowance of deferred tax assets                 0    
Domestic tax authority                      
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]                      
Liabilities recorded for interest related to uncertain tax positions 0       0       0 0 $ 0
Liabilities recorded for penalties related to uncertain tax positions $ 0       $ 0       $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
v3.6.0.2
Income Taxes (Details 2) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Qwest Services Corporation      
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]      
Income taxes paid $ 801 $ 848 $ 861
v3.6.0.2
Fair Value Disclosure (Details) - Fair value, measurements, nonrecurring - Fair value inputs, Level 2 - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Carrying amount    
Liabilities    
Liabilities-Long-term debt (excluding capital lease and other obligations) $ 7,229 $ 7,222
Fair value    
Liabilities    
Liabilities-Long-term debt (excluding capital lease and other obligations) $ 7,203 $ 7,456
v3.6.0.2
Stockholder's Equity (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Stockholder's Equity (Deficit)      
Common stock, shares issued (in shares) 1 1  
Common stock, shares outstanding (shares) 1 1  
Dividends      
Dividends declared to QSC $ 1,300 $ 1,350 $ 1,400
Cash dividend paid to QSC $ 1,300 $ 1,350 $ 1,400
COMMON STOCK      
Stockholder's Equity (Deficit)      
Common stock, shares issued (in shares) 1    
Common stock, shares outstanding (shares) 1    
v3.6.0.2
Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Sep. 30, 2016
Jun. 30, 2016
Mar. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Sep. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2015
Mar. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Operating quarterly financial data                      
Operating revenues $ 2,208 $ 2,226 $ 2,223 $ 2,253 $ 2,238 $ 2,287 $ 2,222 $ 2,217 $ 8,910 $ 8,964 $ 8,838
Operating income 519 576 602 625 622 572 521 545 2,322 2,260 2,112
Income tax expense 152 159 179 188 169 171 152 167 678 659 639
Net income 238 $ 255 $ 288 $ 304 321 268 $ 238 $ 247 $ 1,085 $ 1,074 $ 970
Severance Costs $ 78                    
CAF Phase 2 Support                      
Operating quarterly financial data                      
Incremental increase in other operating revenues - CAF Phase II         $ 31 $ 64          
v3.6.0.2
Commitments and Contingencies Commitments and Contingencies (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
plaintiff
lawsuit
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]  
Number of patents allegedly Infringed, minimum 1
Unfavorable regulatory action  
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]  
Maximum possible loss per proceeding | $ $ 100,000
Interexchange Carriers  
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]  
Number of lawsuits (approximately) | lawsuit 100
Number of Plaintiffs | plaintiff 3
v3.6.0.2
Commitments and Contingencies (Details 2) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Leases, Capital      
Assets acquired through capital leases $ 10 $ 10 $ 3
Depreciation expense 5 19 32
Cash payments towards capital leases 6 20 $ 32
Assets included in property, plant and equipment 40 66  
Accumulated depreciation 22 $ 55  
Capital lease obligations:      
2017 7    
2018 7    
2019 4    
2020 1    
2021 2    
2022 and thereafter 5    
Total minimum payments 26    
Less: amount representing interest and executory costs (7)    
Present value of minimum payments 19    
Less: current portion (6)    
Long-term portion $ 13    
v3.6.0.2
Commitments and Contingencies (Details 3) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Leases, Operating      
Operating leases, rent expense $ 72 $ 75 $ 79
Sublease rental income received 4 $ 4 $ 4
Operating leases:      
2017 51    
2018 47    
2019 40    
2020 33    
2021 17    
2022 and thereafter 38    
Total future minimum payments 226    
Minimum sublease rentals due in the future under non-cancelable subleases 28    
Purchase Obligations      
Total purchase commitments 103    
2017 55    
2018 through 2019 40    
2020 through 2021 5    
2022 and thereafter $ 3    
v3.6.0.2
Other Financial Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Additional Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]        
Impairment of asset $ 11 $ 11 $ 0 $ 17
Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current [Abstract]        
Prepaid expenses 48 48 46  
Assets held for sale 8 8 0  
Other 73 73 77  
Total other current assets 129 129 123  
Accounts Payable, Current [Abstract]        
Accounts payable $ 398 398 369  
Capital expenditures incurred but not yet paid   $ 53 $ 29  
v3.6.0.2
Labor Union Contracts (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Labor Union Contracts  
Collective bargaining arrangement, number of participating unionized employees 11,000
Unionized employees concentration risk | Employees covered under collective bargaining agreements  
Labor Union Contracts  
Concentration risk, percentage 50.00%
Workforce subject to Collective Bargaining Arrangements expiring October 7, 2017  
Labor Union Contracts  
Collective bargaining arrangement, number of participating unionized employees 11,000
Workforce subject to Collective Bargaining Arrangements expiring October 7, 2017 | Unionized employees concentration risk | Employees covered under collective bargaining agreements  
Labor Union Contracts  
Concentration risk, percentage 50.00%