FORD MOTOR CO, 10-K filed on 2/6/2025
Annual Report
v3.25.0.1
DOCUMENT AND ENTITY INFORMATION Document - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Feb. 03, 2025
Jun. 30, 2024
Cover [Abstract]      
Documents Incorporated by Reference [Text Block]
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Document Where Incorporated
Proxy Statement* Part III (Items 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14)
    
Statement [Line Items]      
Document Type 10-K    
Document Annual Report true    
Document Period End Date Dec. 31, 2024    
Document Transition Report false    
Entity File Number 1-3950    
Entity Registrant Name Ford Motor Co    
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code DE    
Entity Tax Identification Number 38-0549190    
Document Fiscal Period Focus FY    
Entity Address, Address Line One One American Road    
Entity Address, City or Town Dearborn,    
Entity Address, State or Province MI    
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 48126    
City Area Code 313    
Local Phone Number 322-3000    
Title of 12(b) Security Common Stock, par value $.01 per share    
Trading Symbol F    
Security Exchange Name NYSE    
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes    
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes    
Entity Filer Category Large Accelerated Filer    
Entity Emerging Growth Company false    
Entity Shell Company false    
Amendment Flag false    
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2024    
Entity Central Index Key 0000037996    
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31    
Entity Small Business false    
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer Yes    
Entity Voluntary Filers No    
Entity Public Float     $ 48,960,272,506
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag true    
Auditor Name PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP    
Auditor Firm ID 238    
Auditor Location Detroit, Michigan    
Grant date stock price     $ 12.54
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag] false    
Subsequent Event [Member]      
Statement [Line Items]      
Entity Public Float   $ 38,497,770,761  
Grant date stock price   $ 9.89  
Common Stock | Subsequent Event [Member]      
Statement [Line Items]      
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   3,892,595,628  
Class B Stock | Subsequent Event [Member]      
Statement [Line Items]      
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   70,852,076  
FPRB      
Statement [Line Items]      
Title of 12(b) Security 6.200% Notes due June 1, 2059    
Trading Symbol FPRB    
Security Exchange Name NYSE    
FPRC      
Statement [Line Items]      
Title of 12(b) Security 6.000% Notes due December 1, 2059    
Trading Symbol FPRC    
Security Exchange Name NYSE    
6.500% Notes due August 15, 2062      
Statement [Line Items]      
Title of 12(b) Security 6.500% Notes due August 15, 2062    
Trading Symbol FPRD    
Security Exchange Name NYSE    
v3.25.0.1
CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT - USD ($)
shares in Millions, $ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Revenues      
Total revenues (Note 4) $ 184,992 $ 176,191 $ 158,057
Costs and expenses      
Cost of sales 158,434 150,550 134,397
Selling, administrative, and other expenses 10,287 10,702 10,888
Total costs and expenses 179,773 170,733 151,781
Operating income/(loss) 5,219 5,458 6,276
Interest Expense, Other 1,115 1,302 1,259
Other income/(loss), net (Note 5) 2,451 (603) (5,150)
Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies (Note 14) 678 414 (2,883)
Income/(Loss) before income taxes 7,233 3,967 (3,016)
Provision for/(Benefit from) income taxes (Note 7) 1,339 (362) (864)
Net income/(loss) 5,894 4,329 (2,152)
Less: Income/(Loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests 15 (18) (171)
Net income/(loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company $ 5,879 $ 4,347 $ (1,981)
Basic income      
Basic income (in dollars per share) $ 1.48 $ 1.09 $ (0.49)
Diluted income      
Diluted income (in dollars per share) $ 1.46 $ 1.08 $ (0.49)
Basic shares (average shares outstanding) 3,978 3,998 4,014
Diluted shares 4,021 4,041 4,014
Company excluding Ford Credit      
Revenues      
Total revenues (Note 4) $ 172,706 $ 165,901 $ 149,079
Ford Credit      
Revenues      
Total revenues (Note 4) 12,286 10,290 8,978
Costs and expenses      
Ford Credit interest, operating, and other expenses $ 11,052 $ 9,481 $ 6,496
v3.25.0.1
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]      
Net income/(loss) $ 5,894 $ 4,329 $ (2,152)
Foreign currency translation (1,457) 974 (933)
Marketable securities 120 272 (423)
Derivative instruments 608 (460) 322
Pension and other postretirement benefits 131 (488) 30
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax (598) 298 (1,004)
Comprehensive income/(loss) 5,296 4,627 (3,156)
Less: Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests 14 (17) (175)
Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company $ 5,282 $ 4,644 $ (2,981)
v3.25.0.1
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET - USD ($)
shares in Millions, $ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Assets, Current [Abstract]    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 22,935 $ 24,862
Marketable securities (Note 9) 15,413 15,309
Financing Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Current 51,850 46,425
Trade and other receivables, less allowances of $64 and $84 14,723 15,601
Inventories (Note 11) 14,951 15,651
Other Assets, Current 4,602 3,633
Total current assets 124,474 121,481
Assets, Noncurrent [Abstract]    
Financing Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Noncurrent 59,786 55,650
Net investment in operating leases 22,947 21,384
Net property (Note 13) 41,928 40,821
Equity in net assets of affiliated companies (Note 14) 6,821 5,548
Deferred Income Tax Assets, Net 16,375 16,985
Other Assets, Noncurrent 12,865 11,441
Total assets 285,196 273,310
Liabilities, Current [Abstract]    
Payables 24,128 25,992
Other liabilities and deferred revenue (Note 15 and Note 24) 27,782 25,870
Total current liabilities 106,859 101,531
Liabilities, Noncurrent [Abstract]    
Other liabilities and deferred revenue (Note 15 and Note 24) 28,832 28,414
Deferred income taxes 1,074 1,005
Total liabilities 240,338 230,512
EQUITY    
Capital in excess of par value of stock 23,502 23,128
Retained earnings 33,740 31,029
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) (Note 22) (9,639) (9,042)
Treasury stock (2,810) (2,384)
Total equity attributable to Ford Motor Company 44,835 42,773
Equity attributable to noncontrolling interests 23 25
Total equity 44,858 42,798
Total liabilities and equity 285,196 273,310
Common Stock    
EQUITY    
Common and Class B Stock $ 41 41
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) $ 0.01  
Common Stock, shares issued (in shares) 3,893  
Common Stock, Shares Authorized (in shares) 6,000  
Class B Stock    
EQUITY    
Common and Class B Stock $ 1 1
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) $ 0.01  
Common Stock, shares issued (in shares) 71  
Common Stock, Shares Authorized (in shares) 530  
Ford Credit    
Assets, Current [Abstract]    
Financing Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Current $ 51,850 46,425
Assets, Noncurrent [Abstract]    
Financing Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Noncurrent 59,786 55,650
Operating Segments | Ford Credit    
Assets, Current [Abstract]    
Cash and cash equivalents 9,272 10,658
Assets, Noncurrent [Abstract]    
Total assets 157,534 148,521
Liabilities, Current [Abstract]    
Total debt payable within one year 53,193 49,192
Liabilities, Noncurrent [Abstract]    
Long-term Debt and Lease Obligation 84,675 80,095
Operating Segments | Company excluding Ford Credit    
Assets, Current [Abstract]    
Cash and cash equivalents 13,663 14,204
Liabilities, Current [Abstract]    
Total debt payable within one year 1,756 477
Liabilities, Noncurrent [Abstract]    
Long-term Debt and Lease Obligation $ 18,898 $ 19,467
v3.25.0.1
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents $ 22,935 $ 24,862
Net Investment in Operating Lease 22,947 21,384
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Current 247 256
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Current 84 64
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Noncurrent 617 626
Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member]    
Cash and cash equivalents 2,494 2,298
Finance receivables, net 60,717 56,131
Net Investment in Operating Lease 13,309 11,179
Other assets 34 90
Other liabilities and deferred revenue 100 45
Debt $ 50,855 $ 48,177
v3.25.0.1
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]      
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash $ 23,190 $ 25,110 $ 25,340
Cash flows from operating activities      
Net income/(loss) 5,894 4,329 (2,152)
Depreciation and tooling amortization 7,567 7,690 7,642
Other amortization (1,700) (1,167) (1,149)
Provision for credit and insurance losses 575 438 46
Pension and Other Postretirement Employee Benefits (OPEB) expense/(income) 149 3,052 (378)
Equity method investment (earnings)/losses and impairments in excess of dividends received (287) (33) 3,324
Foreign currency adjustments 227 (234) (27)
Net realized and unrealized (gains)/losses on cash equivalents, marketable securities, and other investments 42 205 7,518
Stock compensation (Note 6) 511 460 336
Provision for deferred income taxes 350 (1,649) (1,910)
Increase (Decrease) in Finance Receivables (4,299) (4,827) (10,560)
Decrease/(Increase) in accounts receivable and other assets (2,497) (2,620) (1,183)
Decrease/(Increase) in inventory 27 (1,219) (2,576)
Increase/(Decrease) in accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities 8,425 9,829 7,268
Other Operating Activities, Cash Flow Statement 439 664 654
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities 15,423 14,918 6,853
Cash flows from investing activities      
Capital spending (8,684) (8,236) (6,866)
Acquisitions of finance receivables and operating leases (59,720) (54,505) (45,533)
Collections of finance receivables and operating leases 45,159 44,561 46,276
Proceeds from sale of business 0 0 449
Payments to Acquire Marketable Securities (12,300) (8,590) (17,458)
Sales and maturities of marketable securities and other investments 12,346 12,700 19,117
Settlements of derivatives (268) (138) 94
Capital contributions to equity method investments (2,323) (2,733) (738)
Proceeds from Equity Method Investment, Distribution, Return of Capital 1,465 1 0
Other (45) (688) 312
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities (24,370) (17,628) (4,347)
Cash flows from financing activities      
Cash payments for dividends and dividend equivalents (3,118) (4,995) (2,009)
Purchases of common stock (426) (335) (484)
Net changes in short-term debt (276) (1,539) 5,460
Proceeds from Issuance of Long-Term Debt 57,312 51,659 45,470
Repayments of Long-Term Debt (45,680) (41,965) (45,655)
Other (327) (241) (271)
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities 7,485 2,584 2,511
Effect of Exchange Rate on Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Continuing Operations (458) (104) (414)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period (Note 9) 25,110 25,340 20,737
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Period Increase (Decrease), Including Exchange Rate Effect (1,920) (230) 4,603
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period (Note 9) $ 23,190 $ 25,110 $ 25,340
v3.25.0.1
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Total
Capital Stock
Capital in Excess of Par Value of Stock [Member]
Retained Earnings/(Accumulated Deficit) [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Member]
Treasury Stock, Common
Parent [Member]
Equity (Deficit) Attributable to Non-controlling Interests [Member]
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                
Total equity attributable to Ford Motor Company $ 48,519 $ 41 $ 22,611 $ 35,769 $ (8,339) $ (1,563)    
Equity attributable to noncontrolling interests 103              
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2021 48,622              
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                
Net income/(loss) (2,152)              
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax (1,004)              
Shares Issued, Value, Share-based Payment Arrangement, after Forfeiture 222 1 221 0 0 0 $ 222 $ 0
Treasury stock/other  (477) 0 0 0 0 (484) (484) 7
Dividend and dividend equivalents declared (b) (2,044) 0 0 (2,034) 0 0 (2,034)  
Noncontrolling Interest, Decrease from Distributions to Noncontrolling Interest Holders (10)              
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022 43,167              
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest (171)              
Net Income (Loss) (1,981) 0 0 (1,981) 0 0    
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest (4)              
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent (1,000) 0 0 0 (1,000) 0    
Total equity attributable to Ford Motor Company 43,242 42 22,832 31,754 (9,339) (2,047)    
Equity attributable to noncontrolling interests (75)              
Net income/(loss) 4,329              
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax 298              
Shares Issued, Value, Share-based Payment Arrangement, after Forfeiture 425 0 425 0 0 0 425 0
Treasury stock/other  (337) 0 (129) 0 0 (337) (466) 129
Dividend and dividend equivalents declared (b) (5,084) 0 0 (5,072) 0 0 (5,072)  
Noncontrolling Interest, Decrease from Distributions to Noncontrolling Interest Holders (12)              
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2023 42,798              
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest (18)              
Net Income (Loss) 4,347 0 0 4,347 0 0    
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest 1              
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent 297 0 0 0 297 0    
Total equity attributable to Ford Motor Company 42,773 42 23,128 31,029 (9,042) (2,384)    
Equity attributable to noncontrolling interests 25              
Net income/(loss) 5,894              
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax (598)              
Shares Issued, Value, Share-based Payment Arrangement, after Forfeiture 374 0 374 0 0 0 374 0
Treasury stock/other  (426) 0 0 0 0 (426) (426) $ 0
Dividend and dividend equivalents declared (b) (3,184) 0 0 (3,168) 0 0 $ (3,168)  
Noncontrolling Interest, Decrease from Distributions to Noncontrolling Interest Holders (16)              
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2024 44,858              
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest 15              
Net Income (Loss) 5,879 0 0 5,879 0 0    
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest (1)              
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent (597) 0 0 0 (597) 0    
Total equity attributable to Ford Motor Company 44,835 $ 42 $ 23,502 $ 33,740 $ (9,639) $ (2,810)    
Equity attributable to noncontrolling interests $ 23              
v3.25.0.1
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY (Parenthetical) - $ / shares
 3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Feb. 05, 2025
Mar. 31, 2024
Mar. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Common Stock, Dividends, Per Share, Declared       $ 0.78 $ 1.25 $ 0.50
O2024Q1DividendsMember [Member]            
Common Stock, Dividends, Per Share, Declared   $ 0.15        
O2023Q1DividendsMember [Member]            
Common Stock, Dividends, Per Share, Declared     $ 0.15      
S2023Q1DividendsMember [Member]            
Common Stock, Dividends, Per Share, Declared     $ 0.65      
S2024Q1DividendsMember [Member]            
Common Stock, Dividends, Per Share, Declared   $ 0.18        
O2025Q1DividendsMember [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]            
Common Stock, Dividends, Per Share, Declared $ 0.15          
S2025Q1DividendsMember [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]            
Common Stock, Dividends, Per Share, Declared $ 0.15          
v3.25.0.1
Presentation (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
PRESENTATION PRESENTATION
For purposes of this report, “Ford,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us,” or similar references mean Ford Motor Company, our consolidated subsidiaries, and our consolidated VIEs of which we are the primary beneficiary, unless the context requires otherwise. We also make reference to Ford Motor Credit Company LLC, herein referenced to as Ford Credit. Our consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). We reclassified certain prior year amounts in our consolidated financial statements to conform to the current
year presentation.

Certain Transactions with Ford Credit

Transactions between Ford Credit and our other segments occur in the ordinary course of business. Additional detail regarding certain of those transactions is below (in billions):
 December 31, 2023December 31, 2024
Balance Sheet
Trade and other receivables (a)$9.2 $8.2 
Unearned interest supplements and residual support (b)(4.6)(6.5)
Other (c)1.6 2.2 
__________
(a)Ford Blue, Ford Model e, and Ford Pro receivables (generated primarily from vehicle and parts sales to third parties) sold to Ford Credit.  
(b)Ford Blue, Ford Model e, and Ford Pro pay amounts to Ford Credit at the point of retail financing or lease origination, which represent interest supplements and residual support.
(c)Includes a sale-leaseback agreement between Ford Blue and Ford Credit relating primarily to vehicles that we lease to our employees.

See Note 2 for additional information regarding our finance and lease incentives between Ford Credit and our other segments.
v3.25.0.1
Summary of Accounting Policies (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block] SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
For each accounting topic that is addressed in its own note, the description of the accounting policy may be found in the related note. Other significant accounting policies are described below.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect our results. Estimates are used to account for certain items such as marketing accruals, warranty costs, employee benefit programs, allowance for credit losses, and other items requiring judgment.  Estimates are based on assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved with estimates, actual results may differ.

Foreign Currency

When an entity has monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a currency that is different from its functional currency, each reporting period, we remeasure those assets and liabilities from the transactional currency to the entity’s functional currency. The effect of this remeasurement process and the results of our related foreign currency hedging activities are reported in Cost of sales and Other income/(loss), net and were $180 million, $13 million, and $(155) million for the years ended 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively.

Generally, our foreign subsidiaries use the local currency as their functional currency. We translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries from their respective functional currencies to U.S. dollars using end-of-period exchange rates. Changes in the carrying value of these assets and liabilities attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates are recognized in Foreign currency translation, a component of Other comprehensive income/(Ioss), net of tax. Upon sale or upon complete or substantially complete liquidation of an investment in a foreign subsidiary, the amount of accumulated foreign currency translation related to the entity is reclassified to income and recognized as part of the gain or loss on the investment.
NOTE 2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value due to interest rate, quoted price, or penalty on withdrawal. A debt security is classified as a cash equivalent if it meets these criteria and if it has a remaining time to maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase. Amounts on deposit and available upon demand, or negotiated to provide for daily liquidity without penalty, are classified as Cash and cash equivalents. Time deposits, certificates of deposit, and money market accounts that meet the above criteria are reported at par value on our consolidated balance sheets.

Restricted Cash

Cash and cash equivalents that are restricted as to withdrawal or use under the terms of certain contractual agreements are recorded in Other assets in the non-current assets section of our consolidated balance sheets. Our Company excluding Ford Credit restricted cash balances primarily include various escrow agreements related to legal, insurance, customs, and environmental matters and cash held under the terms of certain contractual agreements. Our Ford Credit segment restricted cash balances primarily include cash held to meet certain local governmental and regulatory reserve requirements and cash held under the terms of certain contractual agreements. Restricted cash does not include required minimum balances or cash securing debt issued through securitization transactions.

Marketable Securities

Investments in debt securities with a maturity date greater than three months at the date of purchase and other debt securities for which there is more than an insignificant risk of change in value due to interest rate, quoted price, or penalty on withdrawal are classified and accounted for as either trading or available-for-sale marketable securities. Equity securities with a readily determinable fair value are classified and accounted for as trading marketable securities.

Realized gains and losses, interest income, and dividend income on all of our marketable securities and unrealized gains and losses on securities not classified as available for sale are recorded in Other income/(loss), net. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are recognized in Unrealized gains and losses on securities, a component of Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax. Realized gains and losses and reclassifications of accumulated other comprehensive income into net income are measured using the specific identification method.

On a quarterly basis, we review our available-for-sale debt securities for credit losses. We compare the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security with the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis of the security, we determine if a credit loss allowance is necessary. If a credit loss allowance is necessary, we will record an allowance, limited by the amount that fair value is less than the amortized cost basis, and recognize the corresponding charge in Other income/(loss), net. Factors we consider include the severity and reason for the decline in value, interest rate changes, and counterparty long-term ratings.

Trade, Notes, and Other Receivables

Trade, notes, and other receivables consist primarily of receivables from contracts with customers for the sale of vehicles, parts, and accessories. The current portion of trade and notes receivables is reported in Trade and other receivables, net. The non-current portion of notes receivables is reported in Other assets. Trade receivables are typically outstanding for 30 days or less, are recorded at their contractual value and do not bear interest. Notes receivable are recorded at their amortized cost using the effective interest method.

Each reporting period, we evaluate the collectibility of the trade and notes receivables and record an allowance for credit losses representing our estimate of the expected losses that result from all possible default events over the expected life of the receivables. Additions to the allowance for credit losses are made by recording charges to bad debt expense reported in Selling, administrative, and other expenses and Cost of sales. Trade and notes receivables are written off against the allowance for credit losses when the account is deemed to be uncollectible.

The carrying value of trade, notes, and other receivables was $16.4 billion and $15.7 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. The credit loss reserve included in the carrying value of trade, notes, and other receivables was $86 million and $113 million at December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively.
NOTE 2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Supplier Finance Programs

Financial institutions participate in a supply chain finance (“SCF”) program that enables our suppliers, at their sole discretion, to sell their Ford receivables (i.e., our payment obligations to the suppliers) to the financial institutions on a non-recourse basis in order to be paid earlier than our payment terms provide. Our suppliers’ voluntary inclusion of invoices in the SCF program has no bearing on our payment terms, the amounts we pay, or our liquidity. We have no economic interest in a supplier’s decision to participate in the SCF program, and we do not provide any guarantees in connection with it. SCF obligations are reported in Payables.

The rollforward of SCF obligations for the years ended December 31 was as follows (in millions):
20232024
Outstanding at the beginning of the year$253 $220 
Invoices received during the year1,778 1,522 
Invoices settled during the year(1,811)(1,570)
Outstanding at the end of the year$220 $172 

Net Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill are not amortized but are tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate the assets may be impaired. Goodwill impairment testing is also performed following an allocation of goodwill to a business to be disposed or a change in reporting units. We test for impairment by assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset or the reporting unit allocated the goodwill is less than its carrying amount. If the qualitative assessment indicates a possible impairment, the carrying value of the asset or reporting unit is compared with its fair value. Fair value is measured relying primarily on the income approach by applying a discounted cash flow method, the market approach using market values or multiples, and/or third-party valuations. We capitalize and amortize our finite-lived intangible assets over their estimated useful lives.
The carrying amount of intangible assets and goodwill is reported in Other assets in the non-current assets section of our consolidated balance sheets. Intangible assets are comprised primarily of advertising agreements and land rights. The net carrying amount of our intangible assets was $80 million and $69 million at December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. The net carrying amount of goodwill was $683 million and $658 million at December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. For the periods presented, we did not record any material impairments for indefinite-lived intangibles or goodwill.

Regulatory Compliance Credits

When we are not able to meet regulatory compliance requirements through the sales mix of our products, compliance credits may be purchased and/or, in some cases, fines or penalties may be paid. Compliance credits are recorded as Other assets upon delivery. Once an asset is recorded, it must be monitored for recoverability at least quarterly.

When it is probable and estimable that the mix of vehicles sold will not meet regulatory compliance requirements and will result in a compliance shortfall during the compliance period (e.g., model year, calendar year), we recognize a liability and related expense. The liability reflects an estimate of the cost of compliance credits and/or fines expected to be incurred to settle a compliance shortfall.

The asset and liability remain on our balance sheet until final certification from the applicable governmental regulatory agency is received.
NOTE 2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Held-and-Used Long-Lived Asset Impairment

We test our long-lived asset groups when changes in circumstances indicate their carrying value may not be recoverable. Events that trigger a test for recoverability include:

•Material adverse changes in projected revenues or expenses, present negative cash flows combined with a history of negative cash flows and a forecast that demonstrates significant continuing losses
•Adverse change in legal factors or significant negative industry, or regulatory trends (such as overcrowding of market offerings or changes in regulations, resulting in excess capacity relative to market demand)
•Current expectation that a long-lived asset group will be disposed of significantly before the end of its useful life
•Significant adverse change in the manner in which an asset group is used or in its physical condition
•Significant change in the asset grouping

In addition, investing in new or emerging products (e.g., EVs) or services (e.g., connectivity) may require substantial upfront capital, which may result in initial forecasted negative cash flows in the near term. In these instances, near term negative cash flows on their own may not be indicative of a triggering event for evaluation of impairment. In such circumstances, we also conduct a qualitative evaluation of the business growth trajectory, which includes updating our assessment of when positive cash flows are expected to be generated, confirming whether established milestones are being achieved, and assessing our ability and intent to continue to access required funding to execute the plan. If this evaluation indicates a triggering event has occurred, a test for recoverability is performed.

When a triggering event occurs, a test for recoverability is performed, comparing projected undiscounted future cash flows to the carrying value of the asset group. If the undiscounted forecasted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the assets, the asset group’s fair value is measured relying primarily on a discounted cash flow method. To the extent available, we will also consider third-party valuations of our long-lived assets that may have been prepared for other business purposes. An impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying value of the asset group exceeds its estimated fair value. When an impairment loss is recognized for assets to be held and used, the adjusted carrying amounts of those assets are depreciated over their remaining useful life. For the periods presented, we have not recorded any material impairments.

Held-for-Sale Asset Impairment

We perform an impairment test on a disposal group to be discontinued, held for sale (“HFS”), or otherwise disposed of when we have committed to an action and the action is expected to be completed within one year. We estimate fair value to approximate the expected proceeds to be received, less cost to sell, and compare it to the carrying value of the disposal group. An impairment charge is recognized when the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value (see Note 21). We also assess fair value if circumstances arise that were considered unlikely and, as a result, we decide not to sell a disposal group previously classified as HFS upon reclassification to held and used. When there is a change to a plan of sale, and the assets are reclassified from HFS to held and used, the long-lived assets are reported at the lower of (i) the carrying amount before an HFS designation, adjusted for depreciation that would have been recognized if the assets had not been classified as HFS, or (ii) the fair value at the date the assets no longer satisfy the criteria for classification as HFS.

Fair Value Measurements

We measure fair value of our financial instruments, including those held within our pension plans, using various valuation methods and prioritize the use of observable inputs. The use of observable and unobservable inputs and their significance in measuring fair value are reflected in our fair value hierarchy:

•Level 1 - inputs include quoted prices for identical instruments and are the most observable
•Level 2 - inputs include quoted prices for similar instruments and observable inputs such as interest rates, currency exchange rates, and yield curves
•Level 3 - inputs include data not observable in the market and reflect management judgment about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the instruments
NOTE 2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Fixed income securities, equities, commingled funds, derivative financial instruments, and alternative assets are remeasured and presented within our consolidated financial statements at fair value on a recurring basis. Finance receivables and debt are measured at fair value for the purpose of disclosure. Other assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

Transfers into and transfers out of the hierarchy levels are recognized as if they had taken place at the end of the reporting period.

Valuation Method

Fixed Income Securities. Fixed income securities primarily include government securities, government agency securities, corporate bonds, and asset-backed securities. We generally measure fair value using prices obtained from pricing services or quotes from dealers that make markets in such securities. Pricing methods and inputs to valuation models used by the pricing services depend on the security type (i.e., asset class). Where possible, fair values are generated using market inputs, including quoted prices (the closing price in an exchange market), bid prices (the price at which a buyer stands ready to purchase), and other market information. For fixed income securities that are not actively traded, the pricing services use alternative methods to determine fair value for the securities, including quotes for similar fixed income securities, matrix pricing, discounted cash flow using benchmark curves, or other factors. In certain cases, when market data are not available, we may use broker quotes or pricing services that use proprietary pricing models to determine fair value. The proprietary models incorporate unobservable inputs primarily consisting of prepayment curves, discount rates, default assumptions, recovery rates, yield assumptions, and credit spread assumptions.

An annual review is performed on the security prices received from our pricing services, which includes discussion and analysis of the inputs used by the pricing services to value our securities. We also compare the price of certain securities sold close to the quarter end to the price of the same security at the balance sheet date to ensure the reported fair value is reasonable.

Equities. Equity securities are primarily exchange-traded and are valued based on the closing bid, official close, or last trade pricing on an active exchange. If closing prices are not available, securities are valued at the last quoted bid price or may be valued using the last available price. Securities that are thinly traded or delisted are valued using unobservable pricing data.

Commingled Funds. Fixed income and public equity securities may each be combined into commingled fund investments. Most commingled funds are valued to reflect our interest in the fund based on the reported year-end net asset value (“NAV”).

Derivative Financial Instruments. Exchange-traded derivatives for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the last reported sale price or official closing price as reported by an independent pricing service on the primary market or exchange on which they are traded. Over-the-counter derivatives are not exchange traded and are valued using independent pricing services or industry-standard valuation models such as a discounted cash flow. When discounted cash flow models are used, projected future cash flows are discounted to a present value using market-based expectations for interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodity prices, and the contractual terms of the derivative instruments. The discount rate used is the relevant benchmark interest rate (e.g., SOFR, SONIA) plus an adjustment for non-performance risk. The adjustment reflects the full credit default swap (“CDS”) spread applied to a net exposure, by counterparty, considering the master netting agreements we have entered into and any posted collateral. We use our
counterparty’s CDS spread when we are in a net asset position and our own CDS spread when we are in a net liability position. In cases when market data are not available, we use broker quotes and models (e.g., Black-Scholes) to determine fair value. This includes situations where there is a lack of liquidity for a particular currency or commodity, or when the instrument is longer dated. When broker quotes or models are used to determine fair value, the derivative is categorized within Level 3 of the hierarchy. All other derivatives are categorized within Level 2.

Alternative Assets.  Hedge funds generally hold liquid and readily-priced securities, such as public equities, exchange-traded derivatives, and corporate bonds.  Private equity and real estate investments are less liquid.  External investment managers typically report valuations reflecting initial cost or updated appraisals, which are adjusted for cash flows, and realized and unrealized gains/losses. All alternative assets are valued at the NAV provided by the investment sponsor or third party administrator, as they do not have readily-available market quotations. Valuations may lag up to
six months.  The NAV will be adjusted for cash flows (additional investments or contributions, and distributions) through year end. We may make further adjustments for any known substantive valuation changes not reflected in the NAV.
NOTE 2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

We may hold annuity contracts within some of our non-U.S. pension plans (see Note 16). The contract valuation method is applied for markets where we have purchased annuity contracts from an insurer as a plan asset. We measure the fair value of the insurance asset by projecting expected future cash flows from the contract and discounting them to present value based on current market rates. The assumptions used to project expected future cash flows are based on actuarial estimates. We include all annuity contracts within Level 3 of the hierarchy.

Finance Receivables. We measure finance receivables at fair value using internal valuation models (see Note 10). These models project future cash flows of financing contracts based on scheduled contract payments (including principal and interest) and assumptions regarding expected credit losses and pre-payment speed. The projected cash flows are discounted to present value at current rates that incorporate present yield curve and credit spread assumptions. The fair value of finance receivables is categorized within Level 3 of the hierarchy.

On a nonrecurring basis, we also measure at fair value retail contracts 120 days past due or deemed to be uncollectible, and individual dealer loans probable of foreclosure. We use the fair value of collateral, adjusted for estimated costs to sell, to determine the fair value of these receivables. The collateral for a retail financing or wholesale receivable is the vehicle financed, and for dealer loans is real estate or other property.

The fair value of collateral for retail receivables is calculated as the outstanding receivable balances multiplied by the average recovery value percentage. The fair value of collateral for wholesale receivables is based on the wholesale market value or liquidation value for new and used vehicles. The fair value of collateral for dealer loans is determined by reviewing various appraisals, which include total adjusted appraised value of land and improvements, alternate use appraised value, broker’s opinion of value, and purchase offers.

Debt. We measure debt at fair value using quoted prices for our own debt with approximately the same remaining maturities (see Note 18). Where quoted prices are not available, we estimate fair value using discounted cash flows and market-based expectations for interest rates, credit risk, and the contractual terms of the debt instruments. For certain short-term debt with an original maturity date of one year or less, we assume that book value is a reasonable approximation of the debt’s fair value. The fair value of debt is categorized within Level 2 of the hierarchy.

Finance and Lease Incentives

We routinely sponsor special retail financing and lease incentives to dealers’ customers who choose to finance or lease our vehicles from Ford Credit. The cost for these incentives is included in our estimate of variable consideration when the vehicle is sold to the dealer. Ford Credit records a reduction to the finance receivable or reduces the cost of the
vehicle operating lease when it records the underlying finance contract, and we transfer to Ford Credit the amount of the incentive on behalf of the dealer’s customer. See Note 1 for additional information regarding transactions between Ford Credit and our other segments. The Ford Credit segment recognized interest revenue of $2.1 billion, $2.3 billion, and $2.9 billion in 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively, and lower depreciation of $1.2 billion, $0.9 billion, and $1.0 billion in 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively, associated with these incentives.

Supplier Price Adjustments

We frequently negotiate price adjustments with our suppliers throughout a production cycle, even after receiving production material. These price adjustments relate to changes in design specification or other commercial terms such as economics, productivity, and competitive pricing. We recognize price adjustments when we reach final agreement with our suppliers. In general, we avoid direct price changes in consideration of future business; however, when these occur, our policy is to defer the recognition of any such price change given explicitly in consideration of future business.

Government Incentives

We receive incentives from U.S. and non-U.S. governmental entities in the form of tax rebates or credits, grants, and loans. Government incentives are recorded in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with their purpose as a reduction of expense or as other income. The benefit is generally recorded when all conditions attached to the incentive have been met and there is reasonable assurance of receipt. Government incentives related to capital investment are recognized in Net Property as a reduction to the net book value of the related asset. The incentives are recognized over the life of the asset as a reduction to depreciation and amortization expense.
NOTE 2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

During 2022, we were awarded incentives by the State of Tennessee related to land, capital, and property tax abatements in connection with Ford’s capital investment in our new electric vehicle assembly plant and job commitments. These incentives are available until December 2051. The fair value of the land received in 2022 was $144 million and was recorded in Net Property fully offset by the value of the incentive. A capital grant of $285 million was received in 2023 and will be recognized as a reduction to depreciation and amortization expense over the life of the related assets.

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 incentivizes companies to engage in a wide range of activities primarily focused on clean energy investments and domestic manufacturing. We are eligible for production credits related to advanced manufacturing of certain battery components. These credits are recognized when an eligible component is produced in the United States and sold to a third party. We recognized $105 million as a reduction to Cost of sales during the year ended December 31, 2024 related to production tax credits.

Ford may also indirectly benefit from incentives and grants awarded to companies with which we are affiliated but are not included in our consolidated financial statements.

Ford’s receipt of government incentives could be subject to reduction, termination, or claw back. Claw back provisions are monitored for ongoing compliance and are accrued for when losses are deemed probable and estimable (see Note 24).

Selected Other Costs

Engineering, research, and development expenses are primarily reported in Cost of sales and consist of salaries, materials, and associated costs. Engineering, research, and development costs are expensed as incurred when performed internally or when performed by a supplier if we guarantee reimbursement. Advertising costs are reported in Selling, administrative, and other expenses and are expensed as incurred. Engineering, research, development, and advertising expenses for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in billions):
 202220232024
Engineering, research, and development$7.8 $8.2 $8.0 
Advertising2.2 2.5 2.8 
v3.25.0.1
New Accounting Standards (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Standards Issued But Not Adopted [Abstract]  
New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles [Text Block] NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
Adoption of New Accounting Standards

ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting, Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. We adopted the new standard and applied the amendments retrospectively to all prior periods presented in our consolidated financial statements. The standard requires disclosure of any significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (”CODM”) for each reportable segment. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of an amount for “other segment items” by reportable segment and a description of its composition. The standard also requires all annual disclosures about a reporting segment’s profit or loss and assets to be provided on an interim basis, beginning in 2025. Adoption of the new standard did not impact our consolidated balance sheets or income statements or have a material impact on our financial statement disclosures. Refer to Note 25 for the incremental disclosures required under the standard.

We also adopted the following Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) during 2024, none of which had a material impact to our consolidated financial statements or financial statement disclosures:

ASUEffective Date
2023-01Leases: Common Control ArrangementsJanuary 1, 2024
2023-02Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures: Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization MethodJanuary 1, 2024

Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted

ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued a new accounting standard to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with retrospective application permitted. There will be no impact to our consolidated balance sheets or income statements; however, there will be changes to our consolidated financial statement disclosures, primarily related to the effective tax rate reconciliation and cash paid for income taxes.

ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“DISE”). In November 2024, the FASB issued a new accounting standard to improve the disclosures about an entity’s expenses and address requests from investors for more detailed information about the types of expenses included in commonly presented expense captions. The new standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with retrospective application permitted. We are assessing the effect on our consolidated financial statement disclosures; however, adoption will not impact our consolidated balance sheets or income statements.

All other ASUs issued but not yet adopted were assessed and determined to be not applicable or are not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or financial statement disclosures.
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Revenue (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
REVENUE REVENUE
The following tables disaggregate our revenue by major source for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
2022
Company excluding Ford CreditFord CreditConsolidated
Vehicles, parts, and accessories$144,471 $— $144,471 
Used vehicles1,719 — 1,719 
Services and other revenue (a)2,688 100 2,788 
Revenues from sales and services
148,878 100 148,978 
Leasing income201 4,569 4,770 
Financing income— 4,254 4,254 
Insurance income— 55 55 
Total revenues$149,079 $8,978 $158,057 
2023
Company excluding Ford CreditFord CreditConsolidated
Vehicles, parts, and accessories$161,052 $— $161,052 
Used vehicles1,873 — 1,873 
Services and other revenue (a)2,797 105 2,902 
Revenues from sales and services
165,722 105 165,827 
Leasing income179 4,105 4,284 
Financing income— 5,980 5,980 
Insurance income— 100 100 
Total revenues$165,901 $10,290 $176,191 
2024
Company excluding Ford CreditFord CreditConsolidated
Vehicles, parts, and accessories$167,218 $— $167,218 
Used vehicles2,175 — 2,175 
Services and other revenue (a)3,099 104 3,203 
Revenues from sales and services
172,492 104 172,596 
Leasing income214 4,217 4,431 
Financing income— 7,819 7,819 
Insurance income— 146 146 
Total revenues$172,706 $12,286 $184,992 
__________
(a)Includes extended service contract revenue.

Revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with our customer are satisfied; generally this occurs when we transfer control of our vehicles, parts, or accessories, or provide services. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. For the majority of sales, this occurs when products are shipped from our manufacturing facilities. However, we defer a portion of the consideration received when there is a separate future or stand-ready performance obligation, such as extended service contracts or ongoing vehicle connectivity. Sales, value-added, and other taxes we collect concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. Incidental items that are immaterial in the context of the contract are recognized as expense. The expected costs associated with our base warranties and field service actions are recognized as expense when the products are sold (see Note 24). We do not have any material significant payment terms related to vehicle sales, as payment is received at or shortly after the point of sale.
NOTE 4. REVENUE (Continued)

Company Excluding Ford Credit

Vehicles, Parts, and Accessories. For the majority of vehicles, parts, and accessories, we transfer control and recognize a sale when we ship the product from our manufacturing facility to our customer (dealers and distributors). We receive cash equal to the invoice price for most vehicle sales at the time of wholesale. When the vehicle sale is financed by our wholly-owned subsidiary Ford Credit, the dealer is obligated to pay Ford Credit when it sells the vehicle to the retail customer (see Note 10). Payment terms on part sales to dealers, distributors, and retailers generally range from 30 to 120 days. The amount of consideration we receive and revenue we recognize varies with changes in return rights, marketing incentives we offer to our customers and their customers, and other pricing adjustments. When we give our dealers the right to return eligible parts and accessories, we estimate the expected returns based on an analysis of historical experience. Estimates of marketing incentives and other pricing adjustments are based on our expectation of retail and fleet sales volumes, mix of products to be sold, competitor actions, and incentive programs to be offered. Customer acceptance of products and programs, as well as other market conditions, will impact these estimates. We adjust our estimate of revenue at the earlier of when the value of consideration we expect to receive changes or when the consideration becomes fixed. As a result of changes in our estimate of variable consideration (e.g., marketing incentives), we recorded an increase in revenue of $209 million during 2022 and a decrease in revenue of $147 million and $757 million during 2023 and 2024, respectively, related to revenue recognized in prior annual periods.

We have elected to recognize the cost for freight and shipping when control over vehicles, parts, or accessories has transferred to the customer as an expense in Cost of sales.

We sell vehicles to daily rental companies and may guarantee that we will pay them the difference between an agreed amount and the value they are able to realize upon resale. At the time of transfer of vehicles to the daily rental companies, we record the probable amount we will pay under the guarantee to Other liabilities and deferred revenue (see Note 24).

Used Vehicles. We sell used vehicles both at auction and through our consolidated dealerships. Proceeds from the sale of these vehicles are recognized in Company excluding Ford Credit revenues upon transfer of control of the vehicle to the customer, and the related vehicle carrying value is recognized in Cost of sales.

Services and other revenue. For separate or stand-ready performance obligations that are included as part of the vehicle consideration received (e.g., free extended service contracts, vehicle connectivity, over-the-air updates), we use an observable price to determine the stand-alone selling price or, when one is not available, we use a cost-plus margin approach. We also sell separately priced service contracts that extend mechanical and maintenance coverages beyond our base warranty agreements to vehicle owners. We receive payment at contract inception and the contracts generally range from 12 to 120 months. We recognize revenue for vehicle service contracts that extend mechanical and maintenance coverages beyond our base warranties over the term of the agreement in proportion to the costs we expect to incur in satisfying the contract obligations. Revenue related to other future or stand-ready performance obligations is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the period in which services are expected to be performed.

We had a balance of $4.4 billion and $4.8 billion of unearned revenue associated primarily with outstanding extended service contracts reported in Other liabilities and deferred revenue at December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. We recognized $1.5 billion and $1.8 billion of the unearned amounts as revenue during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. At December 31, 2024, the unearned amount was $5.3 billion. We expect to recognize approximately $1.7 billion of the unearned amount in 2025, $1.3 billion in 2026, and $2.3 billion thereafter.

We record a premium deficiency reserve to the extent we estimate the future costs associated with extended service contracts exceed the unrecognized revenue. Amounts paid to dealers to obtain these contracts are deferred and recorded as Other assets. These costs are amortized to expense consistent with how the related revenue is recognized. We had a balance of $317 million and $312 million in deferred costs as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. We recognized $88 million, $103 million, and $105 million of amortization during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively.
NOTE 4. REVENUE (Continued)

We also receive other revenue related to vehicle-related design and testing services we perform for others, various Ford Next operations, and net commissions for serving as the agent in facilitating the sale of a third party’s products or services to our customers. We have applied the practical expedient to recognize Company excluding Ford Credit revenues for vehicle-related design and testing services over the term of the related agreements (generally two to three years) in proportion to the amount we have the right to invoice.

Leasing Income. We earn income from operating lease assets and record the income on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease agreement.

Ford Credit Segment

Leasing Income. Ford Credit offers leasing plans to retail consumers through Ford and Lincoln brand dealers that originate the leases. Ford Credit records an operating lease upon purchase of a vehicle subject to a lease from the dealer. The retail consumer makes lease payments representing the difference between Ford Credit’s purchase price of the vehicle and the contractual residual value of the vehicle plus lease fees, which we recognize on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease agreement. Depreciation and the gain or loss upon disposition of the vehicle is recorded in Ford Credit interest, operating, and other expenses.

Financing Income. Ford Credit originates and purchases finance installment contracts. Financing income represents interest earned on the finance receivables (including sales-type and direct financing leases). Interest is recognized using the interest method and includes the amortization of certain direct origination costs.

Insurance Income. Income from insurance contracts is recognized evenly over the term of the agreement. Insurance commission revenue is recognized on a net basis at the time of sale of the third party’s product or service to our customer.
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Other Income (Loss) (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]  
OTHER INCOME/(LOSS) OTHER INCOME/(LOSS)
The amounts included in Other income/(loss), net for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 202220232024
Net periodic pension and OPEB income/(cost), excluding service cost (Note 16)
$1,336 $(2,494)$411 
Investment-related interest income639 1,567 1,540 
Interest income/(expense) on income taxes
(23)(16)(21)
Realized and unrealized gains/(losses) on cash equivalents, marketable securities, and other investments (a)(7,518)(205)(42)
Gains/(Losses) on changes in investments in affiliates (Note 20 and Note 21)
(147)9 78 
Royalty income483 477 503 
Other80 59 (18)
Total$(5,150)$(603)$2,451 
__________
(a)    Includes a $7.4 billion loss and $31 million loss on our Rivian investment during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.
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Share-Based Compensation (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense [Abstract]  
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Text Block] SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
Under our Long-Term Incentive Plans, we may issue restricted stock units (“RSUs”), restricted stock shares (“RSSs”), and stock options. RSUs and RSSs consist of time-based and performance-based awards. The number of shares that may be granted in any year is limited to 2% of our issued and outstanding Common Stock as of December 31 of the prior calendar year. The limit may be increased up to 3% in any year, with a corresponding reduction in shares available for grants in future years. Granted RSUs generally cliff vest or ratably vest over a three-year service period. Performance-based RSUs can be based on internal financial performance metrics or total shareholder return relative to a peer group or a combination of the two metrics. At the time of vest, RSU awards are net settled (i.e., shares are withheld to cover the employee tax obligation). Stock options ratably vest over a three-year service period and expire ten years from the grant date.

The fair value of both the time-based and the internal performance metrics portion of the performance-based RSUs and RSSs is determined using the closing price of our Common Stock at grant date. For awards that include a market condition, we measure the fair value using a Monte Carlo simulation. The weighted average per unit grant date fair value for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024 was $15.63, $12.98, and $12.49, respectively.

Time-based RSUs generally have a graded vesting feature whereby one-third of each grant vests after the first anniversary of the grant date, one-third after the second anniversary, and one-third after the third anniversary. The graded vesting method recognizes expense over the service period for each separately-vesting tranche, which results in accelerated recognition of expense. The fair value of time-based RSUs, RSSs, and stock options is expensed over the shorter of each separate vesting period, using the graded vesting method, or the time period an employee becomes eligible to retain the award at retirement. The fair value of performance-based RSUs and RSSs is expensed when it is probable and estimable as measured against the performance metrics over the shorter of the performance or required service periods. We measure the fair value of our stock options on the date of grant using either the Black-Scholes option-pricing model (for options without a market condition) or a Monte Carlo simulation (for options with a market condition). We have elected to recognize forfeitures as an adjustment to compensation expense for all RSUs, RSSs, and stock options in the same period as the forfeitures occur. Expense is recorded in Selling, administrative, and other expenses and Cost of sales, as incurred.

Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Shares

The fair value of vested RSUs and RSSs as well as the compensation cost for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 202220232024
Fair value of vested shares$252 $303 $522 
Compensation cost (a)223 356 411 
__________
(a)    Net of tax benefit of $113 million, $104 million, and $100 million in 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively.

As of December 31, 2024, there was approximately $450 million in unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested RSUs.  This expense will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.9 years.

The performance-based RSUs granted in March 2022, 2023, and 2024 include a relative Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) metric. Inputs and assumptions used to calculate the fair value at grant date through a Monte Carlo simulation were as follows:
 202220232024
Fair value per stock award$18.10 $18.57 $18.50 
Grant date stock price16.85 13.08 12.74 
Assumptions:
Ford’s stock price expected volatility (a)44.8 %49.5 %41.9 %
Expected average volatility of peer companies (a)39.6 49.6 40.7 
Risk-free interest rate1.62 4.57 4.43 
__________
(a)Expected volatility based on three years of daily closing share price changes ending on the grant date.
NOTE 6.  SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (Continued)

During 2024, activity for RSUs and RSSs was as follows (in millions, except for weighted-average fair value):
 SharesWeighted-
Average
Fair Value
Outstanding, beginning of year80.6 $13.86 
Granted (a)61.8 12.49 
Vested (a)(41.9)12.45 
Forfeited(4.8)13.62 
Outstanding, end of year (b)95.7 13.44 
__________
(a)Includes shares awarded to non-employee directors.
(b)Excludes 1,285,271 non-employee director shares that were vested but unissued at December 31, 2024.

Stock Options
During 2024, no stock options were granted or exercised. At December 31, 2023 and 2024, stock options outstanding were 8.4 million and 4.7 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, all of our stock options are fully vested and will expire in 2030, if not exercised sooner.
v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES INCOME TAXES
We recognize income tax-related penalties in Provision for/(Benefit from) income taxes on our consolidated income statements. We recognize income tax-related interest income and interest expense in Other income/(loss), net on our consolidated income statements.

We account for U.S. tax on global intangible low-taxed income in the period incurred, and we account for investment tax credits using the deferral method.

Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences that exist between the financial statement carrying value of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards on a taxing jurisdiction basis. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates that will apply in the years in which we expect the temporary differences to be recovered or paid.
NOTE 7. INCOME TAXES (Continued)

Our accounting for deferred tax consequences represents our best estimate of the likely future tax consequences of events that have been recognized on our consolidated financial statements or tax returns and their future probability.  In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we consider both positive and negative evidence related to the likelihood of realization of the deferred tax assets.  If, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized, we record a valuation allowance.

Components of Income Taxes

Components of income taxes excluding cumulative effects of changes in accounting principles, other comprehensive income/(loss), and equity in net results of affiliated companies accounted for after-tax for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
 202220232024
Income/(Loss) before income taxes (in millions)
   
U.S.$(6,548)$3,395 $3,424 
Non-U.S.3,532 572 3,809 
Total$(3,016)$3,967 $7,233 
Provision for/(Benefit from) income taxes (in millions) 
Current 
Federal$68 $62 $78 
Non-U.S.781 948 791 
State and local123 229 107 
Total current972 1,239 976 
Deferred 
Federal(2,292)(413)25 
Non-U.S.688 (1,149)303 
State and local(232)(39)35 
Total deferred(1,836)(1,601)363 
Total$(864)$(362)$1,339 
Reconciliation of effective tax rate 
U.S. statutory tax rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
Non-U.S. tax rate differential(8.7)(3.4)2.9 
State and local income taxes2.3 1.9 1.7 
General business credits13.0 (15.9)(5.9)
Nontaxable foreign currency gains and losses(4.2)— — 
Dispositions and restructurings (a)(7.0)(14.7)— 
U.S. tax on non-U.S. earnings2.8 7.7 (0.2)
Prior year settlements and claims1.5 1.2 0.1 
Tax incentives2.0 (3.9)(2.2)
Enacted change in tax laws(2.0)0.1 0.4 
Valuation allowances6.2 (0.7)(1.0)
Other1.7 (2.4)1.7 
Effective tax rate28.6 %(9.1)%18.5 %
__________
(a)2023 includes benefits of $610 million associated with legal entity restructuring within our leasing operations and China.

In 2022, we reversed $405 million of previously established U.S. valuation allowances, primarily as a result of planning actions.

At December 31, 2024, $14.7 billion of non-U.S. earnings are considered indefinitely reinvested in operations outside the United States, for which deferred taxes have not been provided. Quantification of the deferred tax liability, if any, associated with indefinitely reinvested basis differences is not practicable.
NOTE 7. INCOME TAXES (Continued)

Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 20232024
Deferred tax assets  
Net operating loss carryforwards$7,262 $7,458 
Tax credit carryforwards8,944 7,993 
Research expenditures3,799 4,873 
Dealer and dealers’ customer allowances and claims2,752 3,498 
Employee benefit plans2,470 2,010 
Other foreign deferred tax assets3,456 2,691 
All other2,299 1,995 
Total gross deferred tax assets30,982 30,518 
Less: Valuation allowances(4,187)(3,856)
Total net deferred tax assets26,795 26,662 
Deferred tax liabilities 
Leasing transactions3,253 3,523 
Depreciation and amortization (excluding leasing transactions)3,389 3,590 
Finance receivables699 524 
Other foreign deferred tax liabilities1,255 1,381 
All other2,219 2,343 
Total deferred tax liabilities10,815 11,361 
Net deferred tax assets/(liabilities)$15,980 $15,301 

Net operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes were $23.7 billion at December 31, 2024. This resulted in a deferred tax asset of $7.5 billion, of which $6.1 billion have no expiration date. A substantial portion of the remaining losses will expire beyond 2030. Tax credits available to offset future tax liabilities are $8.0 billion. The majority of these credits have a remaining carryforward period of twelve years or more. Tax benefits from net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards are evaluated on an ongoing basis, including a review of historical and projected future operating results, the eligible carryforward period, and available tax planning strategies. In our evaluation, we anticipate making tax elections that change the order of tax credit carryforward utilization on U.S. tax returns.
NOTE 7. INCOME TAXES (Continued)

Other

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 20232024
Beginning balance$2,939 $2,913 
Increase – tax positions in prior periods103 512 
Increase – tax positions in current period45 11 
Decrease – tax positions in prior periods(79)(775)
Settlements(115)(13)
Lapse of statute of limitations(33)(5)
Foreign currency translation adjustment53 (103)
Ending balance$2,913 $2,540 

The amount of unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate if recognized was $2.9 billion and $2.5 billion as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively.

Examinations by tax authorities have been completed through 2008 in Germany; 2014 in the United States; 2015 in Mexico; 2018 in Canada, Spain, and the United Kingdom; and 2019 in China and India.  

Net tax-related interest expense was $23 million, $16 million, and $21 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively. These were reported in Other income/(loss), net on our consolidated income statements. At December 31, 2023 and 2024, we recognized a net tax-related interest receivable of $25 million and $37 million, respectively.

Cash paid for income taxes was $801 million, $1,027 million, and $1,218 million in 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively.
v3.25.0.1
Capital Stock and Earnings Per Share (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
CAPITAL STOCK AND EARNINGS PER SHARE CAPITAL STOCK AND EARNINGS/(LOSS) PER SHARE
All general voting power is vested in the holders of Common Stock and Class B Stock. Holders of our Common Stock have 60% of the general voting power, and holders of our Class B Stock are entitled to such number of votes per share as will give them the remaining 40%. Shares of Common Stock and Class B Stock share equally in dividends when and as paid, with stock dividends payable in shares of stock of the class held.

If liquidated, each share of Common Stock is entitled to the first $0.50 available for distribution to holders of Common Stock and Class B Stock, each share of Class B Stock is entitled to the next $1.00 so available, each share of Common Stock is entitled to the next $0.50 so available, and each share of Common and Class B Stock is entitled to an equal amount thereafter.

We present both basic and diluted earnings/(loss) per share (“EPS”) amounts in our financial reporting. Basic EPS excludes dilution and is computed by dividing Net income/(loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company by the weighted-average number of shares of Common and Class B Stock outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the maximum potential dilution that could occur from our share-based compensation (“in-the-money” stock options, unvested RSUs, and unvested RSSs) and convertible debt. Potentially dilutive shares are excluded from the calculation if they have an anti-dilutive effect in the period.

Earnings/(Loss) Per Share Attributable to Ford Motor Company Common and Class B Stock

Basic and diluted income/(loss) per share were calculated using the following (in millions):
 202220232024
Net income/(loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company$(1,981)$4,347 $5,879 
Basic and Diluted Shares
Basic shares (average shares outstanding)4,014 3,998 3,978 
Net dilutive options, unvested restricted stock units, unvested restricted stock shares, and convertible debt (a)— 43 43 
Diluted shares4,014 4,041 4,021 
__________
(a)    In 2022, there were 42 million shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings/(loss) per share due to their anti-dilutive effect.
v3.25.0.1
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND MARKETABLE SECURITIES
The fair values of cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows (in millions):
December 31, 2023
 Fair Value LevelCompany excluding Ford CreditFord CreditConsolidated
Cash and cash equivalents  
U.S. government1$2,320 $912 $3,232 
U.S. government agencies22,075 625 2,700 
Non-U.S. government and agencies2699 276 975 
Corporate debt21,617 101 1,718 
Total marketable securities classified as cash equivalents
6,711 1,914 8,625 
Cash, time deposits, and money market funds7,493 8,744 16,237 
Total cash and cash equivalents$14,204 $10,658 $24,862 
 
Marketable securities
U.S. government1$4,467 $207 $4,674 
U.S. government agencies21,774 49 1,823 
Non-U.S. government and agencies22,096 109 2,205 
Corporate debt25,807 268 6,075 
Equities123 — 23 
Other marketable securities2353 156 509 
Total marketable securities$14,520 $789 $15,309 
Restricted cash$111 $137 $248 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - held-for-sale$— $— $— 
December 31, 2024
Fair Value
 Level		Company excluding Ford CreditFord CreditConsolidated
Cash and cash equivalents
U.S. government1$1,099 $854 $1,953 
U.S. government agencies22,529 400 2,929 
Non-U.S. government and agencies21,073 370 1,443 
Corporate debt2659 339 998 
Total marketable securities classified as cash equivalents
5,360 1,963 7,323 
Cash, time deposits, and money market funds8,303 7,309 15,612 
Total cash and cash equivalents$13,663 $9,272 $22,935 
 
Marketable securities
U.S. government1$3,530 $185 $3,715 
U.S. government agencies21,691 — 1,691 
Non-U.S. government and agencies22,272 79 2,351 
Corporate debt26,676 252 6,928 
Equities122 — 22 
Other marketable securities2516 190 706 
Total marketable securities$14,707 $706 $15,413 
Restricted cash$120 $88 $208 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - held-for-sale (Note 21)
$47 $— $47 
NOTE 9.  CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND MARKETABLE SECURITIES (Continued)

The cash equivalents and marketable securities accounted for as available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities were as follows (in millions):
December 31, 2023
Fair Value of Securities with
Contractual Maturities
 Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueWithin 1 YearAfter 1 Year through 5 YearsAfter 5 Years
Company excluding Ford Credit  
U.S. government$4,458 $6 $(66)$4,398 $2,172 $2,216 $10 
U.S. government agencies2,053 4 (62)1,995 490 1,487 18 
Non-U.S. government and agencies1,948 1 (75)1,874 587 1,275 12 
Corporate debt7,433 27 (67)7,393 2,830 4,558 5 
Other marketable securities322 2 (4)320 — 247 73 
Total
$16,214 $40 $(274)$15,980 $6,079 $9,783 $118 
December 31, 2024
Fair Value of Securities with
Contractual Maturities
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueWithin 1 YearAfter 1 Year through 5 YearsAfter 5 Years
Company excluding Ford Credit
U.S. government$3,476 $1 $(27)$3,450 $282 $3,168 $— 
U.S. government agencies1,755 1 (30)1,726 697 1,010 19 
Non-U.S. government and agencies2,039 1 (39)2,001 559 1,429 13 
Corporate debt7,295 35 (21)7,309 2,272 5,033 4 
Other marketable securities
486 3 (1)488 — 411 77 
Total
$15,051 $41 $(118)$14,974 $3,810 $11,051 $113 

Sales proceeds and gross realized gains/losses from the sale of AFS securities for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in millions):
202220232024
Company excluding Ford Credit
Sales proceeds$6,207 $3,140 $11,026 
Gross realized gains7 2 17 
Gross realized losses26 37 28 
NOTE 9.  CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND MARKETABLE SECURITIES (Continued)

The present fair values and gross unrealized losses for cash equivalents and marketable securities accounted for as AFS securities that were in an unrealized loss position, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position, were as follows (in millions):
December 31, 2023
Less than 1 Year1 Year or GreaterTotal
 Fair ValueUnrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized Losses
Company excluding Ford Credit  
U.S. government$619 $(2)$2,735 $(64)$3,354 $(66)
U.S. government agencies283 (1)1,068 (61)1,351 (62)
Non-U.S. government and agencies67 — 1,654 (75)1,721 (75)
Corporate debt2,608 (2)2,192 (65)4,800 (67)
Other marketable securities26 — 122 (4)148 (4)
Total
$3,603 $(5)$7,771 $(269)$11,374 $(274)
 
December 31, 2024
Less than 1 Year1 Year or GreaterTotal
Fair ValueUnrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized Losses
Company excluding Ford Credit
U.S. government$2,500 $(17)$431 $(10)$2,931 $(27)
U.S. government agencies423 (1)893 (29)1,316 (30)
Non-U.S. government and agencies666 (7)1,060 (32)1,726 (39)
Corporate debt2,366 (10)568 (11)2,934 (21)
Other marketable securities67 — 68 (1)135 (1)
Total$6,022 $(35)$3,020 $(83)$9,042 $(118)

We determine credit losses on AFS debt securities using the specific identification method. During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, we did not recognize any credit loss. The unrealized losses on securities are due to changes in interest rates and market liquidity.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as reported on our consolidated statements of cash flows were as follows (in millions):
December 31,
2023		December 31,
2024
Cash and cash equivalents$24,862 $22,935 
Restricted cash (a)248 208 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - held-for-sale (Note 21)
— 47 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$25,110 $23,190 
__________
(a)Included in Other assets in the non-current assets section of our consolidated balance sheets.
v3.25.0.1
Ford Credit Finance Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Receivables [Abstract]  
FORD CREDIT FINANCE RECEIVABLES AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES FORD CREDIT FINANCE RECEIVABLES AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
Ford Credit manages finance receivables as “consumer” and “non-consumer” portfolios.  The receivables are generally secured by the vehicles, inventory, or other property being financed.

Consumer Portfolio. Receivables in this portfolio include products offered to individuals and businesses that finance the acquisition of Ford and Lincoln vehicles from dealers for personal or commercial use.  Retail financing includes retail installment contracts for new and used vehicles and finance leases with retail customers, government entities, daily rental companies, and fleet customers.

Non-Consumer Portfolio. Receivables in this portfolio include products offered to automotive dealers. Dealer financing includes wholesale loans to dealers to finance the purchase of vehicle inventory, also known as floorplan financing, as well as loans to dealers to finance working capital and improvements to dealership facilities, finance the purchase of dealership real estate, and finance other dealer programs. Wholesale financing is approximately 97% of dealer financing.

Finance receivables are recorded at the time of origination or purchase at fair value and are subsequently reported at amortized cost, net of any allowance for credit losses.

For all finance receivables, Ford Credit defines “past due” as any payment, including principal and interest, that is at least 31 days past the contractual due date.

Finance Receivables Classification

Finance receivables are accounted for as held for investment (“HFI”) if Ford Credit has the intent and ability to hold the receivables for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff. The determination of intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future is highly judgmental and requires Ford Credit to make good faith estimates based on all information available at the time of origination or purchase. If Ford Credit does not have the intent and ability to hold the receivables, then the receivables are classified as HFS.

Each quarter, Ford Credit makes a determination of whether it is probable that finance receivables originated or purchased during the quarter will be held for the foreseeable future based on historical receivables sale experience, internal forecasts and budgets, as well as other relevant, reliable information available through the date of evaluation. For purposes of this determination, probable means at least 70% likely and, consistent with the budgeting and forecasting period, the foreseeable future means twelve months. Ford Credit classifies receivables as HFI or HFS on a receivable-by-receivable basis. Specific receivables included in off-balance sheet sale transactions are generally not identified until the month in which the sale occurs.

Held-for-Investment. Finance receivables classified as HFI are recorded at the time of origination or purchase at fair value and are subsequently reported at amortized cost, net of any allowance for credit losses. Cash flows from finance receivables, excluding wholesale and other receivables, that were originally classified as HFI are recorded as an investing activity since GAAP requires the statement of cash flows presentation to be based on the original classification of the receivables. Cash flows from wholesale and other receivables are recorded as an operating activity.

Held-for-Sale. Finance receivables classified as HFS are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. Cash flows resulting from the origination or purchase and sale of HFS receivables are recorded as an operating activity in Decrease/(Increase) in finance receivables (wholesale and other). Once a decision has been made to sell receivables that were originally classified as HFI, the receivables are reclassified as HFS and carried at the lower of cost or fair value. The valuation adjustment, if applicable, is recorded in Other income/(loss), net to recognize the receivables at the lower of cost or fair value.
NOTE 10.  FORD CREDIT FINANCE RECEIVABLES AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (Continued)

Ford Credit finance receivables, net at December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 20232024
Consumer  
Retail installment contracts, gross$73,825 $79,459 
Finance leases, gross7,793 8,357 
Retail financing, gross81,618 87,816 
Unearned interest supplements(3,344)(4,598)
Consumer finance receivables78,274 83,218 
Non-Consumer 
Dealer financing24,683 29,282 
Non-Consumer finance receivables24,683 29,282 
Total recorded investment$102,957 $112,500 
Recorded investment in finance receivables$102,957 $112,500 
Allowance for credit losses(882)(864)
Total finance receivables, net$102,075 $111,636 
Current portion$46,425 $51,850 
Non-current portion55,650 59,786 
Total finance receivables, net$102,075 $111,636 
Net finance receivables subject to fair value (a)$94,728 $103,755 
Fair value (b)93,189 103,231 
__________
(a)Net finance receivables subject to fair value exclude finance leases.
(b)The fair value of finance receivables is categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Ford Credit’s finance leases are comprised of sales-type and direct financing leases. These financings include primarily lease plans for terms of 24 to 60 months. Financing revenue from finance leases for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, was $303 million, $381 million, and $515 million, respectively, and is included in Ford Credit revenues on our consolidated income statements.

The amounts contractually due on Ford Credit’s finance leases at December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 2024
2025$1,848 
20261,658 
20271,345 
2028868 
2029122 
Thereafter4 
Total future cash payments5,845 
Less: Present value discount478 
Finance lease receivables$5,367 
NOTE 10.  FORD CREDIT FINANCE RECEIVABLES AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (Continued)

The reconciliation from finance lease receivables to finance leases, gross and finance leases, net at December 31 is as follows (in millions):
 20232024
Finance lease receivables$4,787 $5,367 
Unguaranteed residual assets2,910 2,883 
Initial direct costs96 107 
Finance leases, gross7,793 8,357 
Unearned interest supplements from Ford and affiliated companies(408)(437)
Allowance for credit losses(38)(39)
Finance leases, net$7,347 $7,881 

At December 31, 2023 and 2024, accrued interest was $294 million and $335 million, respectively, which we report in Other assets in the current assets section of our consolidated balance sheets.

Included in the recorded investment in finance receivables at December 31, 2023 and 2024 were consumer receivables of $46.0 billion and $47.6 billion, respectively, and non-consumer receivables of $21.3 billion and $24.4 billion, respectively, (including Ford Blue, Ford Model e, and Ford Pro receivables sold to Ford Credit, which we report in Trade and other receivables) that have been sold for legal purposes in securitization transactions but continue to be reported in our consolidated financial statements. The receivables are available only for payment of the debt issued by, and other obligations of, the securitization entities that are parties to those securitization transactions; they are not available to pay the other obligations or the claims of Ford Credit’s other creditors. Ford Credit holds the right to receive the excess cash flows not needed to pay the debt issued by, and other obligations of, the securitization entities that are parties to those securitization transactions (see Note 23).

Credit Quality

Consumer Portfolio

When originating consumer receivables, Ford Credit uses a proprietary scoring system that measures credit quality using information in the credit application, proposed contract terms, credit bureau data, and other information. After a proprietary risk score is generated, Ford Credit decides whether to purchase a contract using a decision process based on a judgmental evaluation of the applicant, the credit application, the proposed contract terms, credit bureau information (e.g., FICO score), proprietary risk score, and other information. The evaluation emphasizes the applicant’s ability to pay and creditworthiness focusing on payment, affordability, applicant credit history, and stability as key considerations.

After origination, Ford Credit reviews the credit quality of retail financing based on customer payment activity. As each customer develops a payment history, an internally developed behavioral scoring model is used to assist in determining the best collection strategies, which allows Ford Credit to focus collection activity on higher-risk accounts. These models are used to refine Ford Credit’s risk-based staffing model to ensure collection resources are aligned with portfolio risk. Based on data from this scoring model, contracts are categorized by collection risk. Ford Credit’s collection models evaluate several factors, including origination characteristics, updated credit bureau data, and payment patterns.

Credit quality ratings for consumer receivables are based on aging. Consumer receivables credit quality ratings are as follows:

•Pass – current to 60 days past due;
•Special Mention – 61 to 120 days past due and in intensified collection status; and
•Substandard – greater than 120 days past due and for which the uncollectible portion of the receivables has already been charged off, as measured using the fair value of collateral less costs to sell.
NOTE 10.  FORD CREDIT FINANCE RECEIVABLES AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (Continued)

The credit quality analysis of consumer receivables at December 31, 2023 was as follows (in millions):
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Prior to 201920192020202120222023TotalPercent
Consumer
31 - 60 days past due$40 $49 $130 $125 $187 $159 $690 0.9 %
61 - 120 days past due9 11 30 37 58 50 195 0.2 
Greater than 120 days past due7 4 7 10 10 5 43 0.1 
Total past due56 64 167 172 255 214 928 1.2 
Current891 2,359 7,385 11,301 20,247 35,163 77,346 98.8 
Total$947 $2,423 $7,552 $11,473 $20,502 $35,377 $78,274 100.0 %
Gross charge-offs$47 $40 $75 $85 $117 $37 $401 

The credit quality analysis of consumer receivables at December 31, 2024 was as follows (in millions):
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Prior to 202020202021202220232024TotalPercent
Consumer
31 - 60 days past due$43 $93 $104 $187 $242 $203 $872 1.0 %
61 - 120 days past due8 20 27 46 70 54 225 0.3 
Greater than 120 days past due7 7 8 11 12 5 50 0.1 
Total past due58 120 139 244 324 262 1,147 1.4 
Current788 3,162 5,458 12,275 24,153 36,235 82,071 98.6 
Total$846 $3,282 $5,597 $12,519 $24,477 $36,497 $83,218 100.0 %
Gross charge-offs$46 $58 $71 $152 $191 $50 $568 

Non-Consumer Portfolio

Ford Credit extends credit to dealers primarily in the form of lines of credit to purchase new Ford and Lincoln vehicles as well as used vehicles. Payment is typically required when the dealer has sold the vehicle. Each non-consumer lending request is evaluated by considering the borrower’s financial condition and the underlying collateral securing the loan. Ford Credit uses a proprietary model to assign each dealer a risk rating. This model uses historical dealer performance data to identify key factors about a dealer that are considered most significant in predicting a dealer’s ability to meet its financial obligations. Ford Credit also considers numerous other financial and qualitative factors of the dealer’s operations, including capitalization and leverage, liquidity and cash flow, profitability, and credit history with Ford Credit and other creditors.

Dealers are assigned to one of four groups according to risk ratings as follows:

•Group I – strong to superior financial metrics;
•Group II – fair to favorable financial metrics;
•Group III – marginal to weak financial metrics; and
•Group IV – poor financial metrics, including dealers classified as uncollectible.

Ford Credit generally suspends credit lines and extends no further funding to dealers classified in Group IV.
NOTE 10.  FORD CREDIT FINANCE RECEIVABLES AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (Continued)

Ford Credit regularly reviews the model to confirm the continued business significance and statistical predictability of the model and may make updates to improve the performance of the model. In addition, Ford Credit regularly audits dealer inventory and dealer sales records to verify that the dealer is in possession of the financed vehicles and is promptly paying each receivable following the sale of the financed vehicle. The frequency of on-site vehicle inventory audits depends primarily on the dealer’s risk rating. Under Ford Credit’s policies, on-site vehicle inventory audits of low-risk dealers are conducted only as circumstances warrant. On-site vehicle inventory audits of higher-risk dealers are conducted with increased frequency based primarily on the dealer’s risk rating, but also considering the results of electronic monitoring of the dealer’s performance, including daily payment verifications and monthly analyses of the dealer’s financial statements, payoffs, aged inventory, over credit line, and delinquency reports. Ford Credit typically performs a credit review of each dealer annually and more frequently reviews certain dealers based on the dealer’s risk rating and total exposure. Ford Credit adjusts the dealer’s risk rating, if necessary. The credit quality of dealer financing receivables is evaluated based on Ford Credit’s internal dealer risk rating analysis. A dealer has the same risk rating for its entire dealer financing regardless of the type of financing.

The credit quality analysis of dealer financing receivables at December 31, 2023 was as follows (in millions):
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearWholesale Loans
Dealer Loans
Prior to 201920192020202120222023TotalTotalPercent
Group I$383 $30 $58 $156 $61 $331 $1,019 $20,419 $21,438 86.9 %
Group II16 — 1 3 2 44 66 2,834 2,900 11.7 
Group III— — — — 1 8 9 292 301 1.2 
Group IV— 1 — — — 2 3 41 44 0.2 
Total (a)
$399 $31 $59 $159 $64 $385 $1,097 $23,586 $24,683 100.0 %
Gross charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $1 $1 $3 $4 
__________
(a)Total past due dealer financing receivables at December 31, 2023 were $33 million.

The credit quality analysis of dealer financing receivables at December 31, 2024 was as follows (in millions):
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearWholesale Loans
Dealer Loans
Prior to 202020202021202220232024TotalTotalPercent
Group I$270 $63 $97 $47 $217 $245 $939 $25,257 $26,196 89.4 %
Group II13 — 3 1 28 31 76 2,494 2,570 8.8 
Group III— — 2 — 1 4 7 462 469 1.6 
Group IV— — — — — 1 1 46 47 0.2 
Total (a)
$283 $63 $102 $48 $246 $281 $1,023 $28,259 $29,282 100.0 %
Gross charge-offs$1 $— $— $— $— $— $1 $6 $7 
__________
(a)Total past due dealer financing receivables at December 31, 2024 were $8 million.

Non-Accrual of Revenue. The accrual of financing revenue is discontinued at the time a receivable is determined to be uncollectible or when it is 90 days past due. Accounts may be restored to accrual status only when a customer settles all past-due deficiency balances and future payments are reasonably assured. For receivables in non-accrual status, subsequent financing revenue is recognized only to the extent a payment is received. Payments are generally applied first to outstanding interest and then to the unpaid principal balance.

Loan Modifications. Consumer and non-consumer receivables that have a modified interest rate and/or a term extension (including receivables that were modified in reorganization proceedings pursuant to the U.S. Bankruptcy Code) are typically considered to be loan modifications. Ford Credit does not grant modifications to the principal balance of the receivables. If a receivable is modified in a reorganization proceeding, all payment requirements of the reorganization plan need to be met before remaining balances are forgiven.
NOTE 10.  FORD CREDIT FINANCE RECEIVABLES AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (Continued)

The use of interest rate modifications and term extensions helps Ford Credit mitigate financial loss. Term extensions may assist in cases where Ford Credit believes the customer will recover from short-term financial difficulty and resume regularly scheduled payments. The effect of most loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is included in the historical trends used to measure the allowance for credit losses. A loan modification that improves the delinquency status of a borrower reduces the probability of default, which results in a lower allowance for credit losses. At December 31, 2024, an insignificant portion of Ford Credit's total finance receivables portfolio had been granted a loan modification, and these modifications are generally treated as a continuation of the existing loan.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses represents an estimate of the lifetime expected credit losses inherent in finance receivables as of the balance sheet date. The adequacy of the allowance for credit losses is assessed quarterly.

Adjustments to the allowance for credit losses are made by recording charges to Ford Credit interest, operating, and other expenses on our consolidated income statements. The uncollectible portion of a finance receivable is charged to the allowance for credit losses at the earlier of when an account is deemed to be uncollectible or when an account is 120 days delinquent, taking into consideration the financial condition of the customer or borrower, the value of the collateral, recourse to guarantors, and other factors.

Charge-offs on finance receivables include uncollected amounts related to principal, interest, late fees, and other allowable charges. Recoveries on finance receivables previously charged off as uncollectible are credited to the allowance for credit losses. In the event Ford Credit repossesses the collateral, the receivable is charged off and the collateral is recorded at its estimated fair value less costs to sell and reported in Other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.

Consumer Portfolio

For consumer receivables that share similar risk characteristics such as product type, initial credit risk, term, vintage, geography, and other relevant factors, Ford Credit estimates the lifetime expected credit loss allowance based on a collective assessment using measurement models and management judgment. The lifetime expected credit losses for the receivables is determined by applying probability of default and loss given default assumptions to monthly expected exposures, then discounting these cash flows to present value using the receivable’s original effective interest rate or the current effective interest rate for a variable rate receivable. Probability of default models are developed from internal risk scoring models taking into account the expected probability of payment and time to default, adjusted for macroeconomic outlook and recent performance. The models consider factors such as risk evaluation at the time of origination, historical trends in credit losses, and the composition and recent performance of the present portfolio (including vehicle brand, term, risk evaluation, and new/used vehicles). The loss given default is the percentage of the expected balance due at default that is not recoverable, taking into account the expected collateral value and trends in recoveries (including key metrics such as delinquencies, repossessions, and bankruptcies). Monthly exposures are equal to the receivables’ expected outstanding principal and interest balance.

The allowance for credit losses incorporates forward-looking macroeconomic conditions for baseline, upturn, and downturn scenarios. Three separate credit loss allowances are calculated from these scenarios. They are then probability-weighted to determine the quantitative estimate of the credit loss allowance recognized in the financial statements. Ford Credit uses forecasts from a third party that revert to a long-term historical average after a reasonable and supportable forecasting period, which is specific to the particular macroeconomic variable and which varies by market. Ford Credit updates the forward-looking macroeconomic forecasts quarterly.

If management does not believe the models reflect lifetime expected credit losses for the portfolio, an adjustment is made to reflect management judgment regarding qualitative factors, including economic uncertainty, observable changes in portfolio performance, and other relevant factors.

On an ongoing basis, Ford Credit reviews its models, including macroeconomic factors, the selection of macroeconomic scenarios, and their weighting, to ensure they reflect the risk of the portfolio.
NOTE 10.  FORD CREDIT FINANCE RECEIVABLES AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (Continued)

Non-Consumer Portfolio

Dealer financing is evaluated on an individual dealer basis by segmenting dealers by risk characteristics (such as the amount of the loans, the nature of the collateral, and the financial status of the dealer) to determine if an individual dealer requires a specific allowance for credit loss. If required, the allowance is based on the present value of the expected future cash flows of the dealer’s receivables discounted at the loans’ original effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral adjusted for estimated costs to sell.

For the remaining dealer financing, Ford Credit estimates an allowance for credit losses on a collective basis.

Wholesale Loans. Ford Credit estimates the allowance for credit losses for wholesale loans based on historical loss-to-receivable (“LTR”) ratios, expected future cash flows, and the fair value of collateral. The LTR model is based on the most recent years of history. An LTR ratio is calculated by dividing credit losses (i.e., charge-offs net of recoveries) by average net finance receivables, excluding allowance for credit losses. The average LTR ratio is multiplied by the end-of-period balances, representing the lifetime expected credit loss reserve.

Dealer Loans. Ford Credit uses a weighted-average remaining maturity method to estimate the lifetime expected credit loss reserve for dealer loans. The loss model is based on industrywide commercial real estate credit losses, adjusted to factor in the historical credit losses for the dealer loans portfolio. The expected credit loss is calculated under different macroeconomic scenarios that are weighted to provide the total lifetime expected credit loss.

After establishing the collective and specific allowance for credit losses, if management believes the allowance does not reflect all losses inherent in the portfolio due to changes in recent economic trends and conditions, or other relevant forward-looking economic factors, an adjustment is made based on management judgment.
NOTE 10.  FORD CREDIT FINANCE RECEIVABLES AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (Continued)

An analysis of the allowance for credit losses related to finance receivables for the years ended December 31 was as follows (in millions):
2023
 ConsumerNon-ConsumerTotal
Allowance for credit losses
Beginning balance$838 $7 $845 
Charge-offs(401)(4)(405)
Recoveries151 2 153 
Provision for credit losses280 (2)278 
Other (a)11 — 11 
Ending balance$879 $3 $882 
2024
 ConsumerNon-ConsumerTotal
Allowance for credit losses   
Beginning balance$879 $3 $882 
Charge-offs(568)(7)(575)
Recoveries160 3 163 
Provision for credit losses412 5 417 
Other (a)(23)— (23)
Ending balance$860 $4 $864 
__________
(a)Primarily represents amounts related to foreign currency translation adjustments.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the allowance for credit losses decreased $18 million, reflecting improvement in the macroeconomic outlook, offset partially by an increase in Ford Credit consumer receivables.
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Inventories (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]  
INVENTORIES INVENTORIES
All inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost of our inventories is determined by costing methods that approximate a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis. Inventories at December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 20232024
Raw materials, work-in-process, and supplies$6,196 $5,394 
Finished products9,455 9,557 
Total inventories
$15,651 $14,951 
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Net Investment in Operating Leases (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Leases, Operating [Abstract]  
NET INVESTMENT IN OPERATING LEASES NET INVESTMENT IN OPERATING LEASES
Net investment in operating leases consists primarily of lease contracts for vehicles with individuals, daily rental companies, government entities, and fleet customers. Assets subject to operating leases are depreciated using the straight-line method over the term of the lease to reduce the asset to its estimated residual value at the end of the scheduled lease term. Estimated residual values are based on assumptions for used vehicle prices at lease termination and the number of vehicles that are expected to be returned. Adjustments to depreciation expense reflecting revised estimates of expected residual values at the end of the lease terms are recorded prospectively on a straight-line basis.

The net investment in operating leases at December 31 was as follows (in millions):
 20232024
Company excluding Ford Credit
Vehicles, net of depreciation$1,052 $1,258 
Ford Credit Segment
Vehicles, at cost (a)24,182 25,424 
Accumulated depreciation(3,850)(3,735)
Total Ford Credit Segment20,332 21,689 
Total$21,384 $22,947 
__________
(a)Includes Ford Credit’s operating lease assets of $11.2 billion and $13.3 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively, that have been included in securitization transactions.  These net investments in operating leases are available only for payment of the debt or other obligations issued or arising in the securitization transactions; they are not available to pay other obligations or the claims of other creditors.

Ford Credit Segment

Included in Ford Credit interest, operating, and other expense is operating lease depreciation expense, which includes gains and losses on disposal of assets along with fees assessed to a customer at lease termination such as excess wear and use and excess mileage that are considered variable lease payments. Operating lease depreciation expense for the years ended December 31 was as follows (in millions):
 202220232024
Operating lease depreciation expense$2,240 $2,309 $2,482 

The amounts contractually due on operating leases at December 31, 2024 were as follows (in millions):
 20252026202720282029Total
Operating lease payments$3,774 $2,594 $1,181 $243 $14 $7,806 
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Net Property (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Property, Plant and Equipment Disclosure [Text Block] NET PROPERTY
Net property is reported at cost, net of accumulated depreciation, which includes impairments.  We capitalize new assets when we expect to use the asset for more than one year.  Routine maintenance and repair costs are expensed when incurred.

Property and equipment are depreciated primarily using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset.  Useful lives range from 3 years to 40 years.  The estimated useful lives generally are 14.5 years for machinery and equipment, 8 years for software, 30 years for land improvements, and 40 years for buildings.  Tooling generally is amortized over the expected life of a product program using a straight-line method.  

Net property at December 31 was as follows (in millions):
20232024
Land$367 $360 
Buildings and land improvements12,636 13,912 
Machinery, equipment, and other41,202 40,765 
Software5,423 5,694 
Construction in progress5,308 6,240 
Total land, plant and equipment, and other64,936 66,971 
Accumulated depreciation(33,679)(33,525)
Net land, plant and equipment, and other31,257 33,446 
Tooling, net of amortization9,564 8,482 
Total$40,821 $41,928 

Property-related expenses, excluding net investment in operating leases, for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 202220232024
Depreciation and other amortization$2,878 $3,041 $3,067 
Tooling amortization 2,556 2,340 2,018 
Total (a)$5,434 $5,381 $5,085 
Maintenance and rearrangement$2,083 $1,909 $1,919 
__________
(a)    Includes impairment of held-for-sale long-lived assets.  See Note 21 for additional information.
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Equity in Net Assets of Affiliated Companies (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]  
EQUITY IN NET ASSETS OF AFFILIATED COMPANIES EQUITY IN NET ASSETS OF AFFILIATED COMPANIES
We use the equity method of accounting for our investments in entities over which we do not have control, but over whose operating and financial policies we are able to exercise significant influence.

Our carrying value and ownership percentages of our equity method investments at December 31 were as follows (in millions, except percentages):
 Investment BalanceOwnership Percentage
202320242024
BlueOval SK, LLC$3,254 $4,154 50 %
Ford Otomotiv Sanayi Anonim Sirketi807 1,028 41 
Jiangling Motors Corporation, Limited (a)495 521 32 
Changan Ford Automobile Corporation, Limited (b)225 356 50 
AutoAlliance (Thailand) Co., Ltd.344 339 50 
Ionity Holding GmbH & Co. KG96 114 15 
FFS Finance South Africa (Pty) Limited65 76 50 
Other262 233 Various
Total$5,548 $6,821 
__________
(a)In 2023, Jiangling Motors Corporation, Limited recorded restructuring charges, our share of which was $12 million. These charges are included in Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies.
(b)In 2023 and 2024, Changan Ford Automobile Corporation, Limited recorded long-lived asset and other asset impairment charges as well as restructuring charges, our share of which was $432 million and $16 million, respectively. These charges are included in Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies.

We recorded $452 million, $381 million, and $418 million of dividends from these affiliated companies for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively.

An aggregate summary of the balance sheets and income statements of our equity method investees, on a standalone basis, as reported by those investees at December 31 is below (in millions). Our investment in each equity method investee is reported in Equity in net assets of affiliated companies, and our proportionate share of each of the entities’ income/(loss) is reported in Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies.

Summarized Balance Sheet20232024
Current assets$11,223 $11,965 
Non-current assets16,907 22,603 
Total assets$28,130 $34,568 
Current liabilities$11,232 $10,653 
Non-current liabilities6,572 11,635 
Total liabilities$17,804 $22,288 
Equity attributable to noncontrolling interests$61 $113 

For the years ended December 31,
Summarized Income Statement202220232024
Total revenue$27,153 $31,052 $34,025 
Income/(Loss) before income taxes (a)(1,806)991 1,315 
Net income/(loss) (a)(1,769)1,207 1,582 
Net income/(loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests(8)(63)(37)
__________
(a)    The 2022 results reflect Argo AI’s impairment, partially offset by the net income/(loss) of our other equity method investees.
NOTE 14.  EQUITY IN NET ASSETS OF AFFILIATED COMPANIES (Continued)

In the ordinary course of business, we buy/sell various products and services including vehicles, parts, and components to/from our equity method investees. In addition, we receive royalty income.

Transactions with equity method investees reported for the years ended or at December 31 were as follows (in millions):
For the years ended December 31,
Income Statement202220232024
Sales $4,369 $5,237 $6,049 
Purchases 9,670 13,457 16,629 
Royalty income483 329 363 
Balance Sheet20232024
Receivables$1,070 $1,149 
Payables1,766 1,758 

Argo AI

In the third quarter of 2022, Ford made the strategic decision to shift our capital spending from L4 technology being developed by Argo AI to advanced L2/L3 systems. We determined that Argo AI no longer had value as a going concern, and as a result, we reassessed the carrying value of our investment as of September 30, 2022. Our valuation assumed an orderly conclusion of operations at Argo AI, in which the cash required to satisfy the remaining obligations would consume all of Argo AI’s remaining capital. In addition, we assessed whether Argo AI’s technology components had value in isolation, and we concluded that the cost to integrate into anticipated technology ecosystems would be prohibitive. Accordingly, we recorded a $2.7 billion pre-tax impairment in the third quarter of 2022. The non-cash charge was reported in Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies.

In the fourth quarter of 2022, Ford and Volkswagen AG, who held equal interests that together comprised a majority ownership of Argo AI, initiated the process of exiting the joint development of highly automated driving technology (L4) through Argo AI. Argo AI concluded winding down its operations and was dissolved in 2024.
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Other Liabilities and Deferred Revenue (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Other Liabilities [Abstract]  
OTHER LIABILITIES AND DEFERRED REVENUE OTHER LIABILITIES AND DEFERRED REVENUE
Other liabilities and deferred revenue at December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 20232024
Current  
Dealer and dealers’ customer allowances and claims$12,910 $14,140 
Deferred revenue2,515 3,331 
Employee benefit plans2,282 2,457 
Accrued interest1,224 1,346 
Operating lease liabilities481 558 
OPEB331 335 
Pension205 215 
Other (a)5,922 5,400 
Total current other liabilities and deferred revenue$25,870 $27,782 
Non-current  
Dealer and dealers’ customer allowances and claims$7,506 $9,836 
Deferred revenue5,051 4,910 
Pension6,383 4,470 
OPEB4,365 4,080 
Operating lease liabilities1,395 1,782 
Employee benefit plans837 806 
Other (a)2,877 2,948 
Total non-current other liabilities and deferred revenue$28,414 $28,832 
__________
(a)    Includes current derivative liabilities of $1.0 billion at both December 31, 2023 and 2024. Includes non-current derivative liabilities of $1.3 billion and $0.9 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively (see Note 19).
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Retirement Benefits (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
RETIREMENT BENEFITS RETIREMENT BENEFITS
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plan obligations are remeasured at least annually as of December 31 based on the present value of projected future benefit payments for all participants for services rendered to date. The measurement of projected future benefits is dependent on the provisions of each specific plan, demographics of the group covered by the plan, and other key measurement assumptions. For plans that provide benefits dependent on salary assumptions, we include a projection of salary growth in our measurements. No assumption is made regarding any potential future changes to benefit provisions beyond those to which we are presently committed (e.g., in existing labor contracts).

Net periodic benefit costs, including service cost, interest cost, and expected return on assets, are determined using assumptions regarding the benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets (where applicable) as of the beginning of each year. We have elected to use a fair value of plan assets to calculate the expected return on assets in net periodic benefit cost. The funded status of the benefit plans, which represents the difference between the benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets, is calculated on a plan-by-plan basis. The benefit obligation and related funded status are determined using assumptions as of the end of each year. Actuarial gains and losses resulting from plan remeasurement are recognized in net periodic benefit cost in the period of the remeasurement. The impact of a retroactive plan amendment is recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) and is amortized as a component of net periodic cost, generally over the remaining service period of the active employees. The service cost component is included in Cost of sales and Selling, administrative, and other expenses. Other components of net periodic benefit cost/(income) are included in Other income/(loss), net on our consolidated income statements.

A curtailment results from an event that significantly reduces the expected years of future service or eliminates the accrual of defined benefits for the future services of a significant number of employees. A curtailment gain is recorded when the employees who are entitled to a benefit terminate their employment or when a plan suspension or amendment that results in a curtailment gain is adopted. A curtailment loss is recorded when it becomes probable a curtailment loss will occur. We recognize settlement expense when the costs associated with all settlements during the year exceed the interest component of net periodic cost for the affected plan. Expense from curtailments and settlements is recorded in Other income/(loss), net.

Defined Benefit Pension Plans.  We have defined benefit pension plans covering hourly and salaried employees in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, and other locations. The largest portion of our worldwide obligation is associated with our U.S. plans. Virtually all of our worldwide defined benefit plans are closed to new participants.

In general, our defined benefit pension plans are funded (i.e., have restricted assets from which benefits are paid). Our unfunded defined benefit pension plans are treated on a “pay as you go” basis with benefit payments from general Company cash. These unfunded plans primarily include certain plans in Germany and the U.S. defined benefit plans for senior management.

OPEB.  We have defined benefit OPEB plans, primarily certain health care and life insurance benefits, covering hourly and salaried employees in the United States, Canada, and other locations. The largest portion of our worldwide obligation is associated with our U.S. plans. Our OPEB plans are unfunded and the benefits are paid from general Company cash.

Defined Contribution and Savings Plans. We also have defined contribution and savings plans for hourly and salaried employees in the United States and other locations. Company contributions to these plans, if any, are made from general Company cash and are expensed as incurred. The expense for our worldwide defined contribution and savings plans was $478 million, $546 million, and $699 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively. This includes the expense for Company-matching contributions to our primary employee savings plan in the United States of $152 million, $155 million, and $177 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively.
NOTE 16.  RETIREMENT BENEFITS (Continued)

Defined Benefit Plans – Expense and Status

The assumptions used to determine benefit obligation and net periodic benefit cost/(income) were as follows:
 20232024
 Pension BenefitsOPEBPension BenefitsOPEB
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwideU.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwide
Weighted Average Assumptions at December 31
      
Discount rate5.17 %3.98 %5.10 %5.65 %4.51 %5.46 %
Average rate of increase in compensation4.05 3.54 3.98 3.80 3.52 3.80 
Weighted Average Assumptions Used to Determine Net Benefit Cost for the Year Ended December 31
  
Discount rate - Service cost5.60 %4.29 %5.65 %5.25 %3.92 %5.28 %
Effective interest rate on benefit obligation5.39 4.45 5.36 5.02 4.01 5.02 
Expected long-term rate of return on assets6.25 4.13 — 5.93 4.53 — 
Average rate of increase in compensation3.70 3.42 3.65 4.05 3.54 3.98 

The pre-tax net periodic benefit cost/(income) for our defined benefit pension and OPEB plans for the years ended December 31 was as follows (in millions):
 202220232024
 Pension BenefitsOPEBPension BenefitsOPEBPension BenefitsOPEB
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwideU.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwideU.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwide
Service cost$500 $416 $42 $292 $245 $21 $288 $248 $24 
Interest cost1,054 504 146 1,641 965 231 1,581 938 226 
Expected return on assets(2,569)(1,006)— (1,897)(890)— (1,817)(1,019)— 
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)
2 22 (3)— 22 3 92 25 10 
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss1,720 (436)(1,314)841 932 286 444 (1,019)(112)
Separation costs/other46 63 — 20 261 1 22 111 — 
Settlements and curtailments
438 (2)(1)69 9 — 129 (22)— 
Net periodic benefit cost/(income)$1,191 $(439)$(1,130)$966 $1,544 $542 $739 $(738)$148 

In 2022, we recognized an expense of $544 million related to separation programs, settlements, and curtailments, which included $438 million of settlement losses related to a U.S. pension plan and separation and curtailment expenses of $57 million for non-U.S. pension plans related to ongoing restructuring programs.

In 2023, we recognized an expense of $360 million related to separation programs, settlements, and curtailments, which included $71 million of settlement losses related to a U.S. pension plans and separation and curtailment expenses of $268 million for non-U.S. pension plans related to ongoing restructuring programs.

In 2024, we recognized an expense of $240 million related to separation programs, settlements, and curtailments, which included $129 million of settlement and curtailment losses related to U.S. pension plans and separation and curtailment expenses of $89 million for non-U.S. pension plans related to ongoing restructuring programs.
NOTE 16.  RETIREMENT BENEFITS (Continued)

The year-end status of these plans was as follows (in millions):
 20232024
 Pension BenefitsOPEBPension BenefitsOPEB
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwideU.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwide
Change in Benefit Obligation     
Benefit obligation at January 1$32,867 $21,605 $4,459 $32,676 $24,004 $4,696 
Service cost292 245 21 288 248 24 
Interest cost1,641 965 231 1,581 938 226 
Amendments (a)581 46 32 — — — 
Separation costs/other(18)255 — (19)103 — 
Curtailments— 6 — 87 (22)— 
Settlements (b)(1,479)(21)— (8)(6)— 
Plan participant contributions16 11 — 15 9 — 
Benefits paid(2,417)(1,257)(359)(2,706)(1,416)(324)
Foreign exchange translation— 960 26 — (989)(95)
Actuarial (gain)/loss1,193 1,189 286 (1,359)(1,624)(112)
Benefit obligation at December 3132,676 24,004 4,696 30,555 21,245 4,415 
Change in Plan Assets   
Fair value of plan assets at January 132,922 21,344 — 31,423 22,958 — 
Actual return on plan assets2,180 1,145 — 13 414 — 
Company contributions238 756 — 808 685 — 
Plan participant contributions16 11 — 15 9 — 
Benefits paid(2,417)(1,257)— (2,706)(1,416)— 
Settlements (b)(1,479)(21)— (8)(6)— 
Foreign exchange translation— 990 — — (880)— 
Other(37)(10)— (43)(13)— 
Fair value of plan assets at December 3131,423 22,958 — 29,502 21,751 — 
Funded status at December 31$(1,253)$(1,046)$(4,696)$(1,053)$506 $(4,415)
Amounts Recognized on the Balance Sheets      
Prepaid assets$1,229 $3,060 $— $983 $3,155 $— 
Other liabilities(2,482)(4,106)(4,696)(2,036)(2,649)(4,415)
Total$(1,253)$(1,046)$(4,696)$(1,053)$506 $(4,415)
Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (pre-tax)
   
Unamortized prior service costs/(credits)$581 $161 $55 $449 $132 $42 
Pension Plans in which Accumulated Benefit Obligation Exceeds Plan Assets at December 31
    
Accumulated benefit obligation$14,045 $9,135  $1,641 $2,793  
Fair value of plan assets12,154 5,587  85 500  
Accumulated Benefit Obligation at December 31$32,086 $22,661  $30,070 $20,209  
Pension Plans in which Projected Benefit Obligation Exceeds Plan Assets at December 31
Projected benefit obligation$14,636 $9,991 $13,696 $8,813 
Fair value of plan assets12,154 5,885 11,660 6,164 
Projected Benefit Obligation at December 31$32,676 $24,004 $30,555 $21,245 
__________
(a)    Reflects benefit enhancements included in the collective bargaining agreements with the UAW and Unifor ratified in 2023.
(b)    For U.S. plans, 2023 primarily reflects salaried lump sum retirement payments.
NOTE 16.  RETIREMENT BENEFITS (Continued)

The actuarial (gain)/loss for our pension benefit obligations in 2023 and 2024 was primarily related to changes in discount rates.

Pension Plan Contributions

Our policy for funded pension plans is to contribute annually, at a minimum, amounts required by applicable laws and regulations. We may make contributions beyond those legally required.

In 2024, we contributed $1,073 million to our global funded pension plans and made $420 million of benefit payments to participants in unfunded plans. During 2025, we expect to contribute about $800 million of cash to our global funded pension plans. We also expect to make about $450 million of benefit payments to participants in unfunded plans. Based on current assumptions and regulations, we do not expect to have a legal requirement to fund our major U.S. pension plans in 2025.

Expected Future Benefit Payments

The expected future benefit payments at December 31, 2024 were as follows (in millions):
 Benefit Payments
 PensionOPEB
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S.
Plans		Worldwide
2025$2,685 $1,365 $345 
20262,650 1,275 340 
20272,605 1,290 335 
20282,575 1,295 335 
20292,575 1,310 330 
2030-203412,180 6,575 1,590 

Pension Plan Asset Information

Investment Objectives and Strategies. Our investment objectives for the U.S. plans are to minimize the volatility of the value of our U.S. pension assets relative to U.S. pension obligations and to ensure assets are sufficient to pay plan benefits. Our largest non-U.S. plans (e.g., the United Kingdom and Canada) have similar investment objectives to the U.S. plans.

Investment strategies and policies for the U.S. plans and the largest non-U.S. plans reflect a balance of risk-reducing and return-seeking considerations.  The objective of minimizing the volatility of assets relative to obligations is addressed primarily through asset-liability matching, asset diversification, and hedging.  The fixed income asset allocation matches the bond-like and long-dated nature of the pension obligations. Assets are broadly diversified within asset classes to achieve risk-adjusted returns that, in total, lower asset volatility relative to the obligations.  Strategies to address the goal of ensuring sufficient assets to pay benefits include target allocations to a broad array of asset classes, and strategies within asset classes that provide adequate returns, diversification, and liquidity.
NOTE 16.  RETIREMENT BENEFITS (Continued)

Derivatives are permitted for fixed income investment and public equity managers to use as efficient substitutes for traditional securities and to manage exposure to interest rate and foreign exchange risks.  Interest rate and foreign currency derivative instruments are used for the purpose of hedging changes in the fair value of assets that result from interest rate changes and currency fluctuations.  Interest rate derivatives are also used to adjust portfolio duration. Derivatives may not be used to leverage or to alter the economic exposure to an asset class outside the scope of the mandate an investment manager has been given.  Alternative investment managers are permitted to employ leverage (including through the use of derivatives or other tools) that may alter economic exposure.

Alternative investments execute diverse strategies that provide exposure to a broad range of hedge fund strategies, equity investments in private companies, and investments in private property funds.

Significant Concentrations of Risk.  Significant concentrations of risk in our plan assets relate to interest rates, growth assets, and operating risks.  In order to minimize asset volatility relative to the obligations, the majority of plan assets are allocated to fixed income investments, which are exposed to interest rate risk.  Rate increases generally will result in a decline in the value of fixed income assets, while reducing the present value of the obligations. Conversely, rate decreases generally will increase the value of fixed income assets, offsetting the related increase in the obligations.

In order to ensure assets are sufficient to pay benefits, a portion of plan assets is allocated to growth assets (primarily hedge funds, real estate, private equity, and public equity) that are expected over time to earn higher returns with more volatility than fixed income investments, which more closely match pension obligations.  Within growth assets, risk is mitigated by constructing a portfolio that is broadly diversified by asset class, investment strategy, manager, style, and process.

Operating risks include the risks of inadequate diversification and weak controls.  To mitigate these risks, investments are diversified across and within asset classes in support of investment objectives.  Policies and practices to address operating risks include ongoing manager oversight (e.g., style adherence, team strength, firm health, and internal risk controls), plan and asset class investment guidelines and instructions that are communicated to managers, and periodic compliance reviews to ensure adherence.

At year-end 2024, Ford securities comprised less than 1% of our plan assets.

Expected Long-Term Rate of Return on Assets.  The long-term return assumption at year-end 2024, which will be used to determine the 2025 expected return on assets, is 6.37% for the U.S. plans, 5.29% for the U.K. plans, and 5.00% for the Canadian plans, and averages 5.23% for all non-U.S. plans. A generally consistent approach is used worldwide to develop this assumption. This approach considers inputs from advisors for long-term capital market returns adjusted for specific aspects of our investment strategy by plan.  Historical returns also are considered where appropriate. The assumption is based on consideration of all inputs, with a focus on long-term trends to avoid short-term market influences.
NOTE 16.  RETIREMENT BENEFITS (Continued)

The fair value of our defined benefit pension plan assets (including dividends and interest receivables of $239 million and $58 million for U.S. and non-U.S. plans, respectively) by asset category at December 31 was as follows (in millions):
2023
U.S. PlansNon-U.S. Plans
 Level 1Level 2Level 3Assets measured at NAV (a)TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Assets measured at NAV (a)Total
Asset Category    
Equity    
U.S. companies
$855 $1 $2 $— $858 $1,968 $37 $— $— $2,005 
International companies
493 29 6 — 528 1,293 20 — — 1,313 
Total equity
1,348 30 8 — 1,386 3,261 57 — — 3,318 
Fixed Income
U.S. government and agencies
7,236 1,493 — — 8,729 38 28 — — 66 
Non-U.S. government
2 482 2 — 486 — 12,843 184 — 13,027 
Corporate bonds
— 16,470 11 — 16,481 — 1,890 66 — 1,956 
Mortgage/other asset-backed
— 444 — — 444 — 289 11 — 300 
Commingled funds
— 65 — — 65 23 191 — — 214 
Derivative financial instruments, net
(3)161 — — 158 — 36 36 — 72 
Total fixed income
7,235 19,115 13 — 26,363 61 15,277 297 — 15,635 
Alternatives
Hedge funds
— — — 3,603 3,603 — — — 906 906 
Private equity
— — — 1,093 1,093 — — — 477 477 
Real estate
— — — 1,406 1,406 — — — 381 381 
Total alternatives
— — — 6,102 6,102 — — — 1,764 1,764 
Cash, cash equivalents, and repurchase agreements (b)
(1,779)— — — (1,779)(1,364)— — — (1,364)
Other (c)
(649)— — — (649)(236)— 3,841 — 3,605 
Total assets at fair value
$6,155 $19,145 $21 $6,102 $31,423 $1,722 $15,334 $4,138 $1,764 $22,958 
__________
(a)Certain assets that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
(b)Primarily short-term investment funds to provide liquidity to plan investment managers and cash held to pay benefits, offset by repurchase agreements valued at $(2.7) billion in U.S. plans and $(1.8) billion in non-U.S. plans.
(c)For U.S. plans, amounts related to net pending security (purchases)/sales and net pending foreign currency purchases/(sales). For non-U.S plans, $3.0 billion of insurance contracts, primarily the Ford-Werke plan, and amounts related to net pending security (purchases)/sales and net pending foreign currency purchases/(sales).
NOTE 16.  RETIREMENT BENEFITS (Continued)

The fair value of our defined benefit pension plan assets (including dividends and interest receivables of $236 million and $65 million for U.S. and non-U.S. plans, respectively) by asset category at December 31 was as follows (in millions):
2024
U.S. PlansNon-U.S. Plans
 Level 1Level 2Level 3Assets measured at NAV (a)TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Assets measured at NAV (a)Total
Asset Category    
Equity    
U.S. companies
$1,035 $2 $2 $— $1,039 $1,719 $25 $— $— $1,744 
International companies
490 38 6 — 534 1,080 47 1 — 1,128 
Total equity
1,525 40 8 — 1,573 2,799 72 1 — 2,872 
Fixed Income
     
U.S. government and agencies
7,106 1,079 — — 8,185 4 26 — — 30 
Non-U.S. government
1 607 — — 608 1,360 10,698 6 — 12,064 
Corporate bonds
— 15,079 21 — 15,100 — 1,667 56 — 1,723 
Mortgage/other asset-backed
— 433 — — 433 — 291 13 — 304 
Commingled funds
— — — — — 30 186 — — 216 
Derivative financial instruments, net
(6)(57)— — (63)(1)(20)51 — 30 
Total fixed income
7,101 17,141 21 — 24,263 1,393 12,848 126 — 14,367 
Alternatives
     
Hedge funds
— — — 3,732 3,732 — — — 779 779 
Private equity
— — — 845 845 — — — 370 370 
Real estate
— — — 1,298 1,298 — — — 370 370 
Total alternatives
— — — 5,875 5,875 — — — 1,519 1,519 
Cash, cash equivalents, and repurchase agreements (b)
(1,656)— — — (1,656)(197)— — — (197)
Other (c)
(553)— — — (553)(248)— 3,438 — 3,190 
Total assets at fair value
$6,417 $17,181 $29 $5,875 $29,502 $3,747 $12,920 $3,565 $1,519 $21,751 
__________
(a)Certain assets that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
(b)Primarily short-term investment funds to provide liquidity to plan investment managers and cash held to pay benefits, offset by repurchase agreements valued at $(2.6) billion in U.S. plans and $(0.7) billion in non-U.S. plans.
(c)For U.S. plans, amounts related to net pending security (purchases)/sales and net pending foreign currency purchases/(sales). For non-U.S plans, $2.7 billion of insurance contracts, primarily the Ford-Werke plan, and amounts related to net pending security (purchases)/sales and net pending foreign currency purchases/(sales).
NOTE 16.  RETIREMENT BENEFITS (Continued)

The following table summarizes the changes in Level 3 defined benefit pension plan assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
2023
 Return on plan assets  
Fair
Value
at
January 1		Attributable
to Assets
Held
at
December 31		Attributable
to
Assets
Sold		Net Purchases/
(Settlements)		Transfers Into/(Out of) Level 3Fair
Value
at
December 31
U.S. Plans$9 $(6)$— $9 $9 $21 
Non-U.S. Plans (a)3,809 44 (8)410 (117)4,138 
2024
 Return on plan assets  
Fair
Value
at
January 1		Attributable
to Assets
Held
at
December 31		Attributable
to
Assets
Sold		Net Purchases/
(Settlements)		Transfers Into/(Out of) Level 3Fair
Value
at
December 31
U.S. Plans$21 $— $3 $4 $1 $29 
Non-U.S. Plans (a)4,138 (387)(16)(2)(168)3,565 
__________
(a)Includes insurance contracts, primarily the Ford-Werke plan, valued at $3.0 billion and $2.7 billion at year-end 2023 and 2024, respectively.
v3.25.0.1
Lease Commitments (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]  
LEASE COMMITMENTS LEASE COMMITMENTS
We lease land, dealership facilities, offices, distribution centers, warehouses, and equipment under agreements with contractual periods ranging from less than one year to 40 years. Many of our leases contain one or more options to extend. In certain dealership lease agreements, we are the tenant and we sublease the site to a dealer. In the event the sublease is terminated, we have the option to terminate the head lease. We include options that we are reasonably certain to exercise in our evaluation of the lease term after considering all relevant economic and financial factors.

Leases that are economically similar to the purchase of an asset are classified as finance leases. The leased (“right-of-use”) assets in finance lease arrangements are reported in Net property on our consolidated balance sheets. Otherwise, the leases are classified as operating leases and reported in Other assets in the non-current assets section of our consolidated balance sheets. We also recognize in Net property “build-to-suit” arrangements during the construction period where we are involved in the construction or design of the asset and are considered the accounting owner. We do not recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term of 12 months or less. These lease payments are amortized to expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We have also entered into manufacturing contracts where Ford’s portion of the output is expected to be significant. As a result, there are embedded leases, and related liabilities, that are reported as part of our financial statements, typically upon commencement of production.

For the majority of our leases, we do not separate the non-lease components (e.g., maintenance and operating services) from the lease components to which they relate. Instead, non-lease components are included in the measurement of the lease liabilities. However, we do separate lease and non-lease components for contracts containing a significant service component (e.g., energy performance contracts). We calculate the initial lease liability as the present value of fixed payments not yet paid and variable payments that are based on a market rate or an index (e.g., CPI), measured at commencement. The majority of our leases are discounted using our incremental borrowing rate because the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. All other variable payments are expensed as incurred.
NOTE 17. LEASE COMMITMENTS (Continued)

Lease right-of-use assets and liabilities at December 31 were as follows (in millions):
20232024
Operating leases
Other assets, non-current$1,833 $2,308 
Other liabilities and deferred revenue, current$481 $558 
Other liabilities and deferred revenue, non-current1,395 1,782 
Total operating lease liabilities$1,876 $2,340 
Finance leases
Property and equipment, gross$897 $1,150 
Accumulated depreciation(114)(162)
Property and equipment, net$783 $988 
Company excluding Ford Credit debt payable within one year$32 $94 
Company excluding Ford Credit long-term debt606 711 
Total finance lease liabilities$638 $805 

The amounts contractually due on our lease liabilities as of December 31, 2024 were as follows (in millions):
Operating Leases (a)Finance
Leases
2025$651 $134 
2026551 126 
2027436 109 
2028312 90 
2029205 88 
Thereafter508 510 
Total2,663 1,057 
Less: Present value discount323 252 
Total lease liabilities$2,340 $805 
__________
(a)    Excludes approximately $707 million in future lease payments for various leases commencing in future periods.
NOTE 17. LEASE COMMITMENTS (Continued)

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the years ended December 31 was as follows (in millions):
202220232024
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases$459 $581 $663 
Operating cash flows from finance leases22 32 39 
Financing cash flows from finance leases83 91 110 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities
Operating leases$528 $889 $1,051 
Finance leases95 165 286 

The components of lease expense for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in millions):
202220232024
Operating lease expense$463 $580 $650 
Variable lease expense62 109 167 
Sublease income(15)(18)(18)
Finance lease expense
Amortization of right-of-use assets60 64 80 
Interest on lease liabilities22 32 39 
Total lease expense$592 $767 $918 

The weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate at December 31 were as follows:
202220232024
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)
Operating leases5.55.45.7
Finance leases12.211.910.8
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases3.7 %4.7 %4.5 %
Finance leases3.9 5.3 4.8 
v3.25.0.1
Debt and Commitments (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
DEBT AND COMMITMENTS DEBT AND COMMITMENTS
Our debt consists of short-term and long-term secured and unsecured debt securities, and secured and unsecured borrowings from banks and other lenders.  Debt issuances are placed directly by us or through securities dealers or underwriters and are held by institutional and retail investors.  In addition, Ford Credit sponsors securitization programs that provide short-term and long-term asset-backed financing through institutional investors in the U.S. and international capital markets.

Debt is reported on our consolidated balance sheets at par value adjusted for unamortized discount or premium, unamortized issuance costs, and adjustments related to designated fair value hedging (see Note 19). Discounts, premiums, and costs directly related to the issuance of debt are capitalized and amortized over the life of the debt or to the put date and are recorded in interest expense using the effective interest method. Gains and losses on the extinguishment of debt are recorded in Other income/(loss), net.
NOTE 18.  DEBT AND COMMITMENTS (Continued)

The carrying value of Company debt excluding Ford Credit and Ford Credit debt at December 31 was as follows (in millions):
Interest Rates
Average Contractual Average Effective (a)
Company excluding Ford Credit202320242023202420232024
Debt payable within one year  
Short-term$362 $632 3.2 %4.0 %3.2 %4.0 %
Long-term payable within one year 
U.K. Export Finance Program— 784 
Public unsecured debt securities— 176 
Other debt (including finance leases)117 176 
Unamortized (discount)/premium(2)(11)
Unamortized issuance costs— (1)
Total debt payable within one year477 1,756 
Long-term debt payable after one year 
Public unsecured debt securities14,935 14,759 
Convertible notes2,300 2,300 
U.K. Export Finance Program1,749 940 
Other debt (including finance leases)811 1,160 
Unamortized (discount)/premium(155)(109)
Unamortized issuance costs
(173)(152)
Total long-term debt payable after one year
19,467 18,898 5.1 %(b)5.1 %(b)5.3 %(b)5.3 %(b)
Total Company excluding Ford Credit$19,944 $20,654 
Fair value of Company debt excluding Ford Credit (c)$19,775 $20,178 
Ford Credit  
Debt payable within one year  
Short-term$18,658 $17,413 5.3 %4.7 %5.3 %4.7 %
Long-term payable within one year 
Unsecured debt11,755 12,871 
Asset-backed debt18,851 23,050 
Unamortized (discount)/premium(1)2 
Unamortized issuance costs
(13)(18)
Fair value adjustments (d)(58)(125)
Total debt payable within one year49,192 53,193 
Long-term debt payable after one year
Unsecured debt45,435 49,607 
Asset-backed debt36,074 36,224 
Unamortized (discount)/premium10 (20)
Unamortized issuance costs
(224)(217)
Fair value adjustments (d)(1,200)(919)
Total long-term debt payable after one year80,095 84,675 4.7 %(b)4.8 %(b)4.7 %(b)4.8 %(b)
Total Ford Credit$129,287 $137,868 
Fair value of Ford Credit debt (c)$130,533 $140,046 
__________
(a)Average effective rates reflect the average contractual interest rate plus amortization of discounts, premiums, and issuance costs.
(b)Includes interest on long-term debt payable within one year and after one year.
(c)At December 31, 2023 and 2024, the fair value of debt includes $362 million and $632 million of Company excluding Ford Credit short-term debt, respectively, and $15.5 billion and $16.2 billion of Ford Credit short-term debt, respectively, carried at cost, which approximates fair value. All other debt is categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
(d)These adjustments are related to hedging activity and include discontinued hedging relationship adjustments of $(681) million and $(450) million at December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. The carrying value of hedged debt was $38.7 billion and $41.1 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively.
NOTE 18.  DEBT AND COMMITMENTS (Continued)

Cash paid for interest was $1.2 billion, $1.3 billion, and $1.1 billion in 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively, on Company excluding Ford Credit debt. Cash paid for interest was $3.2 billion, $5.8 billion, and $7.0 billion in 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively, on Ford Credit debt.

Maturities

Debt maturities at December 31, 2024 were as follows (in millions):
 20252026202720282029ThereafterAdjustmentsTotal Debt Maturities
Company excluding Ford Credit       
Public unsecured debt securities$176 $3,972 $— $550 $202 $12,335 $(217)$17,018 
Short-term and other debt1,592 135 1,049 94 96 726 (56)3,636 
Total$1,768 $4,107 $1,049 $644 $298 $13,061 $(273)$20,654 
Ford Credit       
Unsecured debt$29,084 $12,879 $11,467 $6,786 $6,414 $12,061 $(1,235)$77,456 
Asset-backed debt24,250 19,491 8,759 5,358 2,616 — (62)60,412 
Total$53,334 $32,370 $20,226 $12,144 $9,030 $12,061 $(1,297)$137,868 

Company Excluding Ford Credit Segment

Public Unsecured Debt Securities

Our public unsecured debt securities outstanding at December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 Aggregate Principal Amount Outstanding
Title of Security20232024
7 1/8% Debentures due November 15, 2025$176 $176 
0.00% Notes due March 15, 2026
2,300 2,300 
7 1/2% Debentures due August 1, 2026172 172 
4.346% Notes due December 8, 2026
1,500 1,500 
6 5/8% Debentures due February 15, 2028104 104 
6 5/8% Debentures due October 1, 2028 (a) 
446 446 
6 3/8% Debentures due February 1, 2029 (a) 
202 202 
9.30% Notes due March 1, 2030
294 294 
9.625% Notes due April 22, 2030
432 432 
7.45% GLOBLS due July 16, 2031 (a) 
1,070 1,070 
8.900% Debentures due January 15, 2032
108 108 
3.25% Notes due February 12, 2032
2,500 2,500 
9.95% Debentures due February 15, 2032
4 4 
6.10% Notes due August 19, 2032
1,750 1,750 
4.75% Notes due January 15, 2043
2,000 2,000 
7.75% Debentures due June 15, 2043
73 73 
7.40% Debentures due November 1, 2046
398 398 
5.291% Notes due December 8, 2046
1,300 1,300 
9.980% Debentures due February 15, 2047
114 114 
6.20% Notes due June 1, 2059
750 750 
6.00% Notes due December 1, 2059
800 800 
6.50% Notes due August 15, 2062
600 600 
7.70% Debentures due May 15, 2097
142 142 
Total public unsecured debt securities$17,235 $17,235 
__________
(a)    Listed on the Luxembourg Exchange and on the Singapore Exchange.
NOTE 18.  DEBT AND COMMITMENTS (Continued)

Convertible Debt

In March 2021, we issued $2.3 billion aggregate principal amount of unsecured 0% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026, including $300 million aggregate principal amount of such notes pursuant to the exercise in full of the overallotment option granted to the initial purchasers. The notes will not bear regular interest and the principal amount of the notes will not accrete. The total net proceeds from the offering, after deducting debt issuance costs, were approximately $2.267 billion.

Each $1,000 principal amount of the notes will be convertible into 70.1724 shares of our Common Stock, which is equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $14.25 per share, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events. The notes are convertible, at the option of the noteholders, on or after December 15, 2025. Prior to December 15, 2025, the notes are convertible only under the following circumstances:

•During any fiscal quarter commencing after the fiscal quarter ending on September 30, 2021 (and only during such fiscal quarter), if the last reported sale price of our Common Stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price of the notes on each applicable trading day;
•During the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the notes for each day of that five consecutive trading day period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of our Common Stock and the conversion rate of the notes on such trading day;
•If we call any or all of the notes for redemption; or
•Upon the occurrence of specific corporate events such as a change in control or certain beneficial distributions to common stockholders (as set forth in the indenture governing the notes).

Upon conversion, we will pay cash up to the aggregate principal amount of the notes to be converted and cash, shares of our Common Stock, or a combination of cash and shares of our Common Stock, at our election for the remainder of our obligation in excess, if any, of the aggregate principal amount of the notes being converted.

Beginning on or after March 20, 2024, we may redeem all or any portion of the notes for cash equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes being redeemed if the last reported sale price of our Common Stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period.

If we undergo a fundamental change (e.g., change of control), subject to certain conditions, holders of the notes may require us to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes. In addition, if specific corporate events occur prior to the maturity date or if we issue a notice of redemption, we will increase the conversion rate by pre-defined amounts for holders who elect to convert their notes in connection with such a corporate event. The conditions allowing holders of the notes to convert were not met in 2023 or 2024.

The notes were issued at par and fees associated with the issuance of these notes are amortized to Interest expense on Company debt excluding Ford Credit over the contractual term of the notes. Amortization of issuance costs was $7 million in 2022, 2023, and 2024. The effective interest rate of the notes is 0.3%.

The total estimated fair value of the notes as of December 31, 2023 and 2024 was approximately $2.3 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively. The fair value was determined using commonly employed valuation methodologies applying observable market inputs and is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The notes did not have an impact on our full year 2023 or 2024 diluted EPS.
NOTE 18.  DEBT AND COMMITMENTS (Continued)

U.K. Export Finance Program

In 2020 and 2022, Ford Motor Company Limited (“Ford of Britain”), our operating subsidiary in the United Kingdom, entered into, and drew in full, £625 million and £750 million term loan credit facilities, respectively, with a syndicate of banks to support Ford of Britain’s general export activities. Accordingly, U.K. Export Finance (“UKEF”) provided £500 million and £600 million guarantees of the credit facilities, respectively, under its Export Development Guarantee scheme, which supports high value commercial lending to U.K. exporters. We have also guaranteed Ford of Britain’s obligations under the credit facilities to the lenders. As of December 31, 2024, the full £1,375 million under the two credit facilities remained outstanding. These five-year, non-amortizing loans mature on June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2027.

Company Excluding Ford Credit Facilities

Total Company committed credit lines, excluding Ford Credit, at December 31, 2024 were $20.0 billion, consisting of $13.5 billion of our corporate credit facility, $2.0 billion of our supplemental revolving credit facility, $2.5 billion of our 364-day revolving credit facility, and $2.0 billion of local credit facilities. At December 31, 2024, $1.7 billion of committed Company credit lines, excluding Ford Credit, was utilized under local credit facilities for our affiliates, and the full amount under each of our corporate, supplemental, and 364-day credit facilities was available.

Lenders under our corporate credit facility have $25 million of commitments maturing on April 26, 2026, $3.4 billion of commitments maturing on April 22, 2027, $0.1 billion of commitments maturing on April 26, 2028, and $10.0 billion of commitments maturing on April 20, 2029. Lenders under our supplemental revolving credit facility have $2.0 billion of commitments maturing on April 22, 2027. Lenders under our 364-day revolving credit facility have $2.5 billion of commitments maturing on April 21, 2025.

The corporate, supplemental, and 364-day credit agreements include certain sustainability-linked targets, pursuant to which the applicable margin and facility fees may be adjusted if Ford achieves, or fails to achieve, the specified targets related to global manufacturing facility greenhouse gas emissions, carbon-free electricity consumption, and Ford Europe CO2 tailpipe emissions. Prior to 2024, the specified targets related to global manufacturing facility greenhouse gas emissions, renewable electricity consumption, and Ford Europe CO2 tailpipe emissions; Ford outperformed all three of the sustainability-linked metrics for the most recent performance period.

The corporate credit facility is unsecured and free of material adverse change conditions to borrowing, restrictive financial covenants (for example, interest or fixed-charge coverage ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, and minimum net worth requirements), and credit rating triggers that could limit our ability to obtain funding or trigger early repayment. The corporate credit facility contains a liquidity covenant that requires us to maintain a minimum of $4 billion in aggregate of domestic cash, cash equivalents, and loaned and marketable securities and/or availability under the corporate credit facility, supplemental revolving credit facility, and 364-day revolving credit facility. If our senior, unsecured, long-term debt does not maintain at least two investment grade ratings from Fitch, Moody’s, and S&P, the guarantees of certain subsidiaries will be required. The terms and conditions of the supplemental and 364-day revolving credit facilities are consistent with our corporate credit facility. Ford Credit has been designated as a subsidiary borrower under the corporate credit facility and the 364-day revolving credit facility.

Ford Credit Segment

Asset-Backed Debt

At December 31, 2024, the carrying value of our asset-backed debt was $60.4 billion. This secured debt is issued by Ford Credit and includes asset-backed securities used to fund operations and maintain liquidity. Assets securing the related debt issued as part of all our securitization transactions are included in our consolidated results and are based upon the legal transfer of the underlying assets in order to reflect legal ownership and the beneficial ownership of the debt holder. The third-party investors in the securitization transactions have legal recourse only to the assets securing the debt and do not have such recourse to us, except for the customary representation and warranty provisions or when we are counterparty to certain derivative transactions of the special purpose entities (“SPEs”). In addition, the cash flows generated by the assets are restricted only to pay such liabilities; Ford Credit retains the right to residual cash flows. See Note 23 for additional information.
NOTE 18.  DEBT AND COMMITMENTS (Continued)

Although not contractually required, we regularly support our wholesale securitization programs by repurchasing receivables of a dealer from a SPE when the dealer’s performance is at risk, which transfers the corresponding risk of loss from the SPE to us. In order to continue to fund the wholesale receivables, we also may contribute additional cash or wholesale receivables if the collateral falls below required levels. The balance of cash related to these contributions was $0 at both December 31, 2023 and 2024 and ranged from $0 to $41 million during 2023 and was $0 during 2024.

SPEs that are exposed to interest rate or currency risk may reduce their risks by entering into derivative transactions. In certain instances, we have entered into derivative transactions with the counterparty to protect the counterparty from risks absorbed through derivative transactions with the SPEs. Derivative income/(expense) related to the derivative transactions that support Ford Credit’s securitization programs were $466 million, $39 million, and $56 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively. See Note 19 for additional information regarding the accounting for derivatives.

Interest expense on securitization debt was $1.3 billion, $2.5 billion, and 2.8 billion in 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively.

The assets and liabilities related to our asset-backed debt arrangements included in our consolidated financial statements at December 31 were as follows (in billions):
 20232024
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents$2.7 $3.0 
Finance receivables, net66.8 71.6 
Net investment in operating leases11.2 13.3 
Liabilities
Debt (a)$58.0 $60.4 
__________
(a)Debt is net of unamortized discount and issuance costs.

Committed Credit Facilities

At December 31, 2024, Ford Credit’s committed capacity totaled $44.6 billion, compared with $45.3 billion at December 31, 2023.  Ford Credit’s committed capacity is primarily comprised of committed asset-backed security facilities from bank-sponsored commercial paper conduits and other financial institutions and unsecured credit facilities with financial institutions.
v3.25.0.1
Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
In the normal course of business, our operations are exposed to global market risks, including the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, certain commodity prices, and interest rates. To manage these risks, we enter into highly effective derivative contracts:

•Foreign currency exchange contracts, including forwards, that are used to manage foreign exchange exposure;
•Commodity contracts, including forwards, that are used to manage commodity price risk;
•Interest rate contracts, including swaps, that are used to manage the effects of interest rate fluctuations; and
•Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts that are used to manage foreign currency and interest rate exposures on foreign-denominated debt.

Our derivatives are over-the-counter customized derivative transactions and are not exchange-traded. We review our hedging program, derivative positions, and overall risk management strategy on a regular basis.

Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedge Accounting. Derivative assets are reported in Other assets and derivative liabilities are reported in Payables and Other liabilities and deferred revenue.

We have elected to apply hedge accounting to certain derivatives. Derivatives that are designated in hedging relationships are evaluated for effectiveness using regression analysis at the time they are designated and throughout the hedge period. Some derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting; for others, we elect not to apply hedge accounting.

Cash Flow Hedges. We have designated certain forward contracts as cash flow hedges of forecasted transactions with exposure to foreign currency exchange and commodity price risks.

Changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges are deferred in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) and are recognized in Cost of sales when the hedged item affects earnings. Our policy is to de-designate foreign currency exchange cash flow hedges prior to the time forecasted transactions are recognized as assets or liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets and report subsequent changes in fair value through Cost of sales. If it becomes probable that the originally forecasted transaction will not occur, the related amount included in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) is reclassified and recognized in earnings. The cash flows associated with hedges designated until maturity are reported in Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities on our consolidated statements of cash flows. Our cash flow hedges mature within three years.

Fair Value Hedges. Our Ford Credit segment uses derivatives to reduce the risk of changes in the fair value of debt. We have designated certain receive-fixed, pay-float interest rate and cross-currency interest rate swaps as fair value hedges of fixed-rate debt. The risk being hedged is the risk of changes in the fair value of the hedged debt attributable to changes in the benchmark interest rate and foreign exchange. We report the change in fair value of the hedged debt related to the change in benchmark interest rate in Ford Credit debt and Ford Credit interest, operating, and other expenses. We report the change in fair value of the hedged debt related to foreign currency in Ford Credit debt and Other income/(loss), net. Net interest settlements and accruals and fair value changes on hedging instruments due to the benchmark interest rate change are reported in Ford Credit interest, operating, and other expenses. We report the change in fair value of the hedging instrument related to foreign currency in Other income/(loss), net. The cash flows associated with fair value hedges are reported in Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities on our consolidated statements of cash flows. 

When a fair value hedge is de-designated, or when the derivative is terminated before maturity, the fair value adjustment to the hedged debt continues to be reported as part of the carrying value of the debt and is recognized in Ford Credit interest, operating, and other expenses over its remaining life.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments. For total Company excluding Ford Credit, we report changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments through Cost of sales. Cash flows associated with non-designated or de-designated derivatives are reported in Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities on our consolidated statements of cash flows.

Our Ford Credit segment reports the gains/(losses) on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments in Other income/(loss), net. Cash flows associated with non-designated or de-designated derivatives are reported in Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities on our consolidated statements of cash flows.
  
NOTE 19.  DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES (Continued)

Normal Purchases and Normal Sales Classification. We have elected to apply the normal purchases and normal sales classification for physical supply contracts that are entered into for the purpose of procuring commodities to be used in production over a reasonable period in the normal course of our business.

Income Effect of Derivative Financial Instruments

The gains/(losses), by hedge designation, reported in income for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 202220232024
Cash flow hedges
Reclassified from AOCI to Cost of sales
Foreign currency exchange contracts (a)$(213)$145 $46 
Commodity contracts (b)133 (62)(38)
Fair value hedges
Interest rate contracts
Net interest settlements and accruals on hedging instruments
(45)(507)(361)
Fair value changes on hedging instruments(1,875)196 (220)
Fair value changes on hedged debt1,893 (260)182 
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts
Net interest settlements and accruals on hedging instruments
(27)(79)(133)
Fair value changes on hedging instruments(111)96 (134)
Fair value changes on hedged debt113 (96)108 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Foreign currency exchange contracts (c)(3)(38)384 
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts
(780)127 (272)
Interest rate contracts390 37 (85)
Commodity contracts(51)(49)(48)
Total$(576)$(490)$(571)
__________
(a)For 2022, 2023, and 2024, a $448 million gain, a $482 million loss, and an $808 million gain, respectively, were reported in Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax.
(b)For 2022, 2023, and 2024, a $102 million loss, a $37 million loss, and a $5 million loss, respectively, were reported in Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax.
(c)For 2022, 2023, and 2024, a $53 million loss, a $3 million loss, and a $116 million gain, respectively, were reported in Cost of sales and a $50 million gain, a $35 million loss, and a $268 million gain were reported in Other income/(loss), net, respectively.
NOTE 19.  DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES (Continued)

Balance Sheet Effect of Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative assets and liabilities are reported on our consolidated balance sheets at fair value and are presented on a gross basis. The notional amounts of the derivative instruments do not necessarily represent amounts exchanged by the parties and are not a direct measure of our financial exposure. We also enter into master agreements with counterparties that may allow for netting of exposures in the event of default or breach of the counterparty agreement. Collateral represents cash received or paid under reciprocal arrangements that we have entered into with our derivative counterparties, which we do not use to offset our derivative assets and liabilities.

The fair value of our derivative instruments and the associated notional amounts at December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 20232024
NotionalFair Value of
Assets		Fair Value of
Liabilities		NotionalFair Value of
Assets		Fair Value of
Liabilities
Cash flow hedges   
Foreign currency exchange contracts
$19,530 $69 $385 $20,027 $578 $123 
Commodity contracts983 23 36 959 22 13 
Fair value hedges
Interest rate contracts12,119 106 633 16,194 66 645 
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts
2,078 69 104 3,802 9 139 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Foreign currency exchange contracts22,802 201 261 20,799 301 192 
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts
7,100 119 252 5,455 133 246 
Interest rate contracts73,134 465 1,036 76,977 305 845 
Commodity contracts1,051 35 31 944 14 31 
Total derivative financial instruments, gross (a) (b)
$138,797 $1,087 $2,738 $145,157 $1,428 $2,234 
Current portion
$493 $1,464 $869 $1,311 
Non-current portion
594 1,274 559 923 
Total derivative financial instruments, gross
$1,087 $2,738 $1,428 $2,234 
__________
(a)At December 31, 2023 and 2024, we held collateral of $40 million and $27 million, respectively, and we posted collateral of $185 million and $127 million, respectively.
(b)At December 31, 2023 and 2024, the fair value of assets and liabilities available for counterparty netting was $815 million and $780 million, respectively. All derivatives are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
v3.25.0.1
Employee Separation and Exit and Disposal Activities (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
EMPLOYEE SEPARATION ACTIONS AND EXIT AND DISPOSAL ACTIVITIES EMPLOYEE SEPARATION ACTIONS AND EXIT AND DISPOSAL ACTIVITIES
We generally record costs associated with voluntary separations at the time of employee acceptance. We record costs associated with involuntary separation programs when management has approved the plan for separation, the affected employees are identified, and it is unlikely that actions required to complete the separation plan will change significantly. Costs associated with benefits that are contingent on the employee continuing to provide service are accrued over the required service period.

Company Excluding Ford Credit

Employee separation actions and exit and disposal activities include employee separation costs, facility and other asset-related charges (e.g., impairment, accelerated depreciation), dealer and supplier payments, other statutory and contractual obligations, and other expenses, which are recorded in Cost of sales and Selling, administrative, and other expenses. Below are actions we have initiated:

•Brazil. Exited manufacturing operations in 2021 resulting in the closure of facilities in Camaçari, Taubaté, and Troller. Sales of the Taubaté and Camaçari plants were completed in 2023
•India. Ceased vehicle manufacturing in Sanand in the fourth quarter of 2021 and ceased manufacturing in Chennai in the third quarter of 2022. A sale of the Sanand vehicle assembly and powertrain plants was completed in the first quarter of 2023 (See Note 21)
•Spain. Ceased production of the Mondeo at the Valencia plant in the first quarter of 2022
•China. Ceased development of certain product programs in 2023
•Germany. Production of the Focus will cease at our Saarlouis Body and Assembly Plant in 2025. Our plan is to repurpose the facility into a technology center, retaining 1,000 positions

In addition, we are continuing to reduce our global workforce and take other restructuring actions, including the separation of salaried workers as announced during 2023 and 2024 and separation packages offered to certain members of our hourly workforce during 2024.

The following table summarizes the activities for the years ended December 31, which are recorded in Other liabilities and deferred revenue (in millions):
20232024
Beginning balance$588 $1,086 
Changes in accruals (a)1,600 973 
Payments(1,030)(871)
Foreign currency translation and other(72)(90)
Ending balance$1,086 $1,098 
__________
(a)    Excludes pension costs of $268 million and $218 million in 2023 and 2024, respectively.

We recorded costs of $1.9 billion and $1.2 billion in 2023 and 2024, respectively, related to the initiated actions above. We estimate that we will incur about $500 million in total charges in 2025 related to such actions, primarily attributable to employee separations; some charges are related to plans that are subject to negotiations with a works council, union, or other social partner. In addition, we continue to review our global businesses and may take additional restructuring actions where a path to sustained profitability is not feasible when considering the capital allocation required for those businesses.
v3.25.0.1
Acquisitions and Divestitures (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]  
Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations, Disclosure ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES
Company Excluding Ford Credit

Ford Sales and Service Korea Company (“FSSK”). In the first quarter of 2024, we entered into an agreement to sell 100% of our equity interest in FSSK, and the entity was classified as held for sale. We determined the assets held for sale were not impaired. However, as of December 31, 2024, FSSK no longer met the held-for-sale criteria as that sale transaction did not close and is no longer probable of occurring. Accordingly, FSSK’s assets and liabilities were reclassified and reported as held and used as of December 31, 2024. As the assets previously held for sale were not impaired, no adjustments were required as a result of the reclassification to held and used.

Ford Motor Company A/S (“Denmark”). In the third quarter of 2024, we entered into an agreement to sell 100% of our equity interest in Denmark. The entity was classified as held for sale in the fourth quarter of 2024 once all criteria were met. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2024, we reported $52 million of held-for-sale assets, including $47 million of cash, and $33 million of held-for-sale liabilities in Other assets and Other liabilities, respectively. We determined the assets held for sale were not impaired. On January 2, 2025, we completed the sale of Denmark. The consideration received approximated the carrying value of Denmark at the time of sale.

Auto Motive Power (“AMP”). In the fourth quarter of 2023, we acquired AMP, a California-based energy management startup focused on electric vehicle charging solutions. Assets acquired primarily include goodwill and technology, which are reported in Other assets. The acquisition did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

Sanand, India (“Sanand”) Plants. In the third quarter of 2022, we entered into an agreement to sell our Sanand vehicle assembly and powertrain plants to Tata Passenger Electric Mobility Limited (“Tata”), a subsidiary of Tata Motors Limited. The sale transaction included the land, buildings, and other fixed assets (excluding the powertrain machinery and equipment) for the plants. We recognized, in Cost of sales, pre-tax impairment charges of $32 million in the third quarter of 2022 to adjust the carrying value of the assets to fair value less costs to sell. We determined fair value using the market approach, based on the negotiated value of the assets.

In the first quarter of 2023, we completed the sale of the plants to Tata. Ford continues to operate the powertrain facility by leasing back the associated land and building. As a result of the sale transaction, we derecognized the fixed assets and recognized the powertrain facility operating lease right-of-use asset and related lease liability in the first quarter of 2023. The fair value of the cash consideration received approximated the carrying value of the fixed assets at the time of sale.

Ford Romania S.R.L. (“Ford Romania”). On July 1, 2022, we completed the sale of Ford Romania, our wholly-owned Romanian manufacturing subsidiary, to Ford Otosan, a joint venture in which Ford has a 41% ownership share. The transaction resulted in deconsolidation of our Ford Romania subsidiary in the third quarter of 2022. The fair value of consideration received, consisting of cash and a note receivable, approximated the carrying value of Ford Romania at the time of sale. The Ford Romania plant in Craiova, Romania continues to manufacture Ford-branded vehicles for Ford and Ford Otosan. Ford’s portion of the output is expected to be significant; as a result, at the time of sale there were about $100 million of assets, such as embedded leases, and related liabilities that continue to be reported as part of our financial statements.

Skinny Labs Inc., dba Spin (“Spin”). On April 1, 2022, we completed the sale of Spin, our wholly-owned micro-mobility provider, to TIER Mobility SE, a German-based micro-mobility provider, which resulted in the deconsolidation of our Spin subsidiary in the second quarter of 2022. In exchange for our shares of Spin, we received preferred equity in TIER Mobility SE.
v3.25.0.1
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]  
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS) ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS)
The changes in the balances for each component of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in millions):
202220232024
Foreign currency translation
Beginning balance$(5,487)$(6,416)$(5,443)
Gains/(Losses) on foreign currency translation(1,199)967 (1,336)
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit) (a)(2)(10)77 
Net gains/(losses) on foreign currency translation (1,197)977 (1,413)
(Gains)/Losses reclassified from AOCI to net income268 (4)(43)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax (b)(929)973 (1,456)
Ending balance$(6,416)$(5,443)$(6,899)
Marketable securities
Beginning balance$(19)$(442)$(170)
Gains/(Losses) on available for sale securities(576)326 146 
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)(139)80 34 
Net gains/(losses) on available for sale securities(437)246 112 
(Gains)/Losses reclassified from AOCI to net income19 35 11 
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)5 9 3 
Net (gains)/losses reclassified from AOCI to net income (c)14 26 8 
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax(423)272 120 
Ending balance$(442)$(170)$(50)
Derivative instruments
Beginning balance$(193)$129 $(331)
Gains/(Losses) on derivative instruments346 (519)803 
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)83 (126)188 
Net gains/(losses) on derivative instruments263 (393)615 
(Gains)/Losses reclassified from AOCI to net income80 (83)(8)
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)21 (16)(1)
Net (gains)/losses reclassified from AOCI to net income (d)59 (67)(7)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax322 (460)608 
Ending balance$129 $(331)$277 
Pension and other postretirement benefits
Beginning balance$(2,640)$(2,610)$(3,098)
Prior service (costs)/credits arising during the period (e)— (659)— 
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)— (157)— 
Net prior service (costs)/credits arising during the period
— (502)— 
Amortization and recognition of prior service costs/(credits) (f)21 25 167 
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)4 6 40 
Net prior service costs/(credits) reclassified from AOCI to net income
17 19 127 
Translation impact on non-U.S. plans
13 (5)4 
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax30 (488)131 
Ending balance$(2,610)$(3,098)$(2,967)
Total AOCI ending balance at December 31$(9,339)$(9,042)$(9,639)
__________
(a)We do not recognize deferred taxes for a majority of the foreign currency translation gains and losses because we do not anticipate reversal in the foreseeable future. However, we have made elections to tax certain non-U.S. operations simultaneously in U.S. tax returns, and have recorded deferred taxes for temporary differences that will reverse, independent of repatriation plans, in U.S. tax returns. Taxes or tax benefits resulting from foreign currency translation of the temporary differences are recorded in Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax.
(b)Excludes a loss of $4 million, a gain of $1 million, and a loss of $1 million related to noncontrolling interests in 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively.
(c)Reclassified to Other income/(loss), net.
(d)Reclassified to Cost of sales. During the next twelve months we expect to reclassify existing net gains on cash flow hedges of $281 million. See Note 19 for additional information.
(e)Reflects benefit enhancements included in the collective bargaining agreements with the UAW and Unifor ratified in 2023.
(f)Amortization and recognition of prior service costs/(credits) is included in the computation of net periodic pension cost/(income). See Note 16 for additional information.
v3.25.0.1
Variable Interest Entities (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
A VIE is an entity that either (i) has insufficient equity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, or (ii) has equity investors who lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. We consolidate VIEs of which we are the primary beneficiary. We consider ourselves the primary beneficiary of a VIE when we have both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Assets recognized as a result of consolidating these VIEs do not represent additional assets that could be used to satisfy claims against our general assets. Liabilities recognized as a result of consolidating these VIEs do not represent additional claims on our general assets; rather, they represent claims against the specific assets of the consolidated VIEs.

We have the power to direct the significant activities of an entity when our management has the ability to make key operating decisions, such as decisions regarding budgets, capital investment, manufacturing, or product development. For securitization entities, we have the power to direct significant activities when we have the ability to exercise discretion in the servicing of financial assets, issue additional debt, exercise a unilateral call option, add assets to revolving structures, or control investment decisions.

VIEs of Which We are Not the Primary Beneficiary

Certain of our affiliates are VIEs in which we are not the primary beneficiary. Our maximum exposure to any potential losses associated with these unconsolidated affiliates is limited to our equity investments, accounts receivable, loans, and guarantees and was $3.7 billion and $9.3 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. The guarantee exposure is related to certain debt at our unconsolidated affiliates, which includes amounts outstanding as well as potential future draws up to a maximum amount of $125 million and $4.9 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively, related to certain obligations of our VIEs, and is also included in Note 24.

In July 2022, Ford, SK On Co., Ltd., and SK Battery America, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of SK On) completed the creation of BlueOval SK, LLC (“BOSK”), a 50/50 joint venture that is building and will operate electric vehicle battery plants in Tennessee and Kentucky to supply batteries to Ford and Ford affiliates. BOSK is a VIE of which we are not the primary beneficiary, and we use the equity method of accounting for our investment. In December 2024, BOSK entered into a loan agreement with the United States Department of Energy (“DOE”) of up to $9.6 billion (the “BOSK DOE Loan”). In conjunction with the loan agreement, Ford has agreed to guarantee its 50% share of BOSK’s payment obligations under the BOSK DOE Loan. After its initial draw on the BOSK DOE Loan, BOSK distributed $1.4 billion to Ford as a return of capital. As of December 31, 2024, Ford has recognized contributions (net of returns of capital) to BOSK of $4.1 billion of its agreed capital contribution of up to $6.6 billion through 2026. The total amount of capital contributions is subject to adjustments agreed to by the parties.

In January 2025, BOSK distributed an additional $1.7 billion to Ford as a return of capital, resulting in recognized contributions (net of returns of capital) to BOSK of $2.4 billion of its agreed capital contribution of up to $6.6 billion through 2026.

VIEs of Which We are the Primary Beneficiary
Securitization Entities. Through Ford Credit, we securitize, transfer, and service financial assets associated with consumer finance receivables, operating leases, and wholesale loans. Our securitization transactions typically involve the legal transfer of financial assets to bankruptcy remote SPEs. We generally retain a portion of the economic interests in the asset-backed securitization transactions, which could be retained in the form of a portion of the senior interests, the subordinated interests, cash reserve accounts, residual interests, and servicing rights. The transfers of assets in our securitization transactions do not qualify for accounting sale treatment. In most cases, the bankruptcy remote SPEs meet the definition of VIEs for which we are the primary beneficiary and, therefore, are consolidated. We account for all securitization transactions as if they were secured financing and therefore the assets, liabilities, and related activity of these transactions are consolidated in our financial statements. See Note 18 for additional information on the accounting for asset-backed debt and the assets securing this debt.
v3.25.0.1
Commitments and Contingencies (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Commitments and contingencies primarily consist of guarantees and indemnifications, litigation and claims, and warranty and field service actions.

Guarantees and Indemnifications

Financial Guarantees. Financial guarantees and indemnifications are recorded at fair value at their inception. Subsequent to initial recognition, the guarantee liability is adjusted at each reporting period to reflect the current estimate of expected payments resulting from possible default events over the remaining life of the guarantee. The maximum potential payments for financial guarantees were $535 million and $5,336 million at December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. See Note 23 for additional information. The carrying value of recorded liabilities related to financial guarantees was $59 million and $144 million at December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively.

Our financial guarantees consist of debt and lease obligations of certain joint ventures, as well as certain financial obligations of outside third parties, including suppliers, to support our business and economic growth. Expiration dates vary through 2040, and guarantees will terminate on payment and/or cancellation of the underlying obligation. A payment by us would be triggered by failure of the joint venture or other third party to fulfill its obligation covered by the guarantee. In some circumstances, we are entitled to recover from a third party amounts paid by us under the guarantee.

Non-Financial Guarantees. Non-financial guarantees and indemnifications are recorded at fair value at their inception. We regularly review our performance risk under these arrangements, and in the event it becomes probable we will be required to perform under a guarantee or indemnity, the amount of probable payment is recorded. The maximum potential payments and carrying values of recorded liabilities related to non-financial guarantees were de minimis at both December 31, 2023 and 2024.

In the ordinary course of business, we execute contracts involving indemnifications standard in the industry and indemnifications specific to a transaction, such as the sale of a business. These indemnifications might include and are not limited to claims relating to any of the following: environmental, tax, and shareholder matters; intellectual property rights; power generation contracts; governmental regulations and employment-related matters; dealer, supplier, and other commercial contractual relationships; and financial matters, such as securitizations. Performance under these indemnities generally would be triggered by a breach of contract claim brought by a counterparty, including a joint venture or alliance partner, or a third-party claim. While some of these indemnifications are limited in nature, many of them do not limit potential payment. Therefore, we are unable to estimate a maximum amount of future payments that could result from claims made under these unlimited indemnities.
NOTE 24.  COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued)

Litigation and Claims

Various legal actions, proceedings, and claims (generally, “matters”) are pending or may be instituted or asserted against us. These include, but are not limited to, matters arising out of alleged defects in our products; product warranties; governmental regulations relating to safety, emissions, and fuel economy or other matters; government incentives; tax matters, including trade and customs; alleged illegal acts resulting in fines or penalties; financial services; employment-related matters; dealer, supplier, and other contractual relationships; intellectual property rights; environmental matters; shareholder or investor matters; and financial reporting matters. Certain of the pending legal actions are, or purport to be, class actions. Some of the matters involve or may involve claims for compensatory, punitive, or antitrust or other treble damages in very large amounts, or demands for field service actions, environmental remediation programs, sanctions, loss of government incentives, assessments, or other relief, which, if granted, would require very large expenditures.

The extent of our financial exposure to these matters is difficult to estimate. Many matters do not specify a dollar amount for damages, and many others specify only a jurisdictional minimum. To the extent an amount is asserted, our historical experience suggests that in most instances the amount asserted is not a reliable indicator of the ultimate outcome.

We accrue for matters when losses are deemed probable and reasonably estimable. In evaluating matters for accrual and disclosure purposes, we take into consideration factors such as our historical experience with matters of a similar nature, the specific facts and circumstances asserted, the likelihood that we will prevail, and the severity of any potential loss. We reevaluate and update our accruals as matters progress over time.

For the majority of matters, which generally arise out of alleged defects in our products, we establish an accrual based on our extensive historical experience with similar matters. We do not believe there is a reasonably possible outcome materially in excess of our accrual for these matters.

For the remaining matters, where our historical experience with similar matters is of more limited value (i.e., “non-pattern matters”), we evaluate the matters primarily based on the individual facts and circumstances. For non-pattern matters, we evaluate whether there is a reasonable possibility of a material loss in excess of any accrual that can be estimated. Our estimate of reasonably possible loss in excess of our accruals for all material matters currently reflects indirect tax and regulatory matters, for which we estimate the aggregate risk to be a range of up to about $0.4 billion.

As noted, the litigation process is subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of individual matters is not predictable with assurance. Our assessments are based on our knowledge and experience, but the ultimate outcome of any matter could require payment substantially in excess of the amount that we have accrued and/or disclosed.
NOTE 24.  COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued)

Warranty and Field Service Actions

We accrue the estimated cost of both base warranty coverages and field service actions at the time of sale. We establish our estimate of base warranty obligations using a patterned estimation model, using historical information regarding the nature, frequency, and average cost of claims for each vehicle line by model year. We establish our estimates of field service action obligations using a patterned estimation model, using historical information regarding the nature, frequency, severity, and average cost of claims for each model year. In addition, from time to time, we issue extended warranties at our expense, the estimated cost of which is accrued at the time of issuance. Warranty and field service action obligations are reported in Other liabilities and deferred revenue. We reevaluate the adequacy of our accruals on a regular basis.

We recognize the benefit from a recovery of the costs associated with our warranty and field service actions when specifics of the recovery have been agreed with our supplier and the amount of recovery is virtually certain. Recoveries are reported in Trade and other receivables, net and Other assets.

The estimate of our future warranty and field service action costs, net of estimated supplier recoveries, for the years ended December 31 was as follows (in millions):
 20232024
Beginning balance$9,193 $11,504 
Payments made during the period(4,779)(5,831)
Changes in accrual related to warranties issued during the period4,743 6,294 
Changes in accrual related to pre-existing warranties2,648 2,690 
Foreign currency translation and other(301)(625)
Ending balance$11,504 $14,032 
Changes to our estimated costs are reported as changes in accrual related to pre-existing warranties in the table above. In addition, our estimate of reasonably possible costs in excess of our accruals for material field service actions and customer satisfaction actions is a range of up to about $1.8 billion in the aggregate.
v3.25.0.1
Segment Information (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
SEGMENT INFORMATION SEGMENT INFORMATION
We report segment information consistent with the way our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), our President and Chief Executive Officer, evaluates the operating results and performance of the Company. Accordingly, for 2024, we analyze the results of our business through the following reportable segments: Ford Blue, Ford Model e, Ford Pro, Ford Next, and Ford Credit.

Below is a description of our reportable segments and other activities.

Ford Blue Segment

Ford Blue primarily includes the sale of Ford and Lincoln internal combustion engine (“ICE”) and hybrid vehicles, service parts, accessories, and digital services for retail customers, together with the associated costs of development, manufacture, and distribution of the vehicles, parts, accessories, and services. This segment focuses on developing Ford and Lincoln ICE and hybrid vehicles. Additionally, this segment provides hardware engineering and manufacturing capabilities to Ford Model e and manufactures vehicles on behalf of Ford Pro and, in certain cases, Ford Model e. Ford Blue also includes:
•All sales for markets not presently in scope for Ford Model e or Ford Pro (as further described below)
•In markets outside of the United States and Canada, sales to commercial, government, and rental customers of ICE and hybrid vehicles not considered core to Ford Pro
•Sales of electric vehicles (“EVs”) by our unconsolidated affiliates in China
•All sales of vehicles manufactured and sold to other OEMs

Ford Model e Segment

Ford Model e primarily includes the sale of our electric vehicles, service parts, accessories, and digital services for retail customers, together with the associated costs of development, manufacture, and distribution of the vehicles, parts, accessories, and services. This segment focuses on developing EV and digital vehicle technologies, as well as software development. Additionally, Ford Model e provides software and connected vehicle technologies on behalf of the enterprise, and manufactures certain EVs, including for Ford Pro. Ford Model e operates in North America, Europe, and China. Ford Model e also includes EV and related sales not considered core to Ford Pro to commercial, government, and rental customers in Europe, China, and Mexico.

Ford Pro Segment

Ford Pro primarily includes the sale of Ford and Lincoln vehicles, service parts, accessories, and services for commercial, government, and rental customers. Included in this segment are sales of all core Ford Pro vehicles, such as Super Duty and the Transit range of vans in North America and Europe and all sales of Ranger in Europe. In the United States and Canada, Ford Pro also includes all vehicle sales to commercial, government, and rental customers. This segment focuses on selling ICE, hybrid, and electric vehicles, and providing digital and physical services to optimize and maintain fleets, including telematics and EV charging solutions. This segment reflects external sales of vehicles produced by Ford Blue and Ford Model e and the costs (including intersegment markup) associated with acquiring vehicles for sale and providing services. Ford Pro operates in North America and Europe.

Ford Next Segment

The Ford Next segment primarily includes expenses and investments for emerging business initiatives aimed at creating value for Ford in vehicle-adjacent market segments. 

Ford Credit Segment

The Ford Credit segment is comprised of the Ford Credit business on a consolidated basis, which is primarily vehicle-related financing and leasing activities.
NOTE 25. SEGMENT INFORMATION (Continued)

Corporate Other

Corporate Other primarily includes corporate governance expenses, past service pension and OPEB income and expense, interest income (excluding Ford Credit interest income and interest earned on our extended service contract
portfolio) and gains and losses from our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities (excluding gains and losses on investments in equity securities), and foreign exchange derivatives gains and losses associated with intercompany lending. Corporate governance expenses are primarily administrative, delivering benefit on behalf of the global enterprise, that are not allocated to operating segments. These include expenses related to setting and directing global policy, providing oversight and stewardship, and promoting the Company’s interests. Corporate Other assets include: cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, tax related assets, defined benefit pension plan net assets, and other assets managed centrally.

Interest on Debt

Interest on Debt is presented as a separate reconciling item and consists of interest expense on Company debt excluding Ford Credit.

Special Items

Special Items are presented as a separate reconciling item. They consist of (i) pension and OPEB remeasurement gains and losses, (ii) gains and losses on investments in equity securities, (iii) significant personnel expenses, supplier- and dealer-related costs, and facility-related charges stemming from our efforts to match production capacity and cost structure to market demand and changing model mix, and (iv) other items that we do not necessarily consider to be indicative of earnings from ongoing operating activities. Our management ordinarily excludes these items from its review of the results of the operating segments for purposes of measuring segment profitability and allocating resources. We also report these special items separately to help investors track amounts related to these activities and to allow investors analyzing our results to identify certain infrequent significant items that they may wish to exclude when considering the trend of ongoing operating results.

CODM Evaluation of the Business

When we report segment earnings before interest and taxes (“Segment EBIT”) for each of the Ford Blue, Ford Model e, Ford Pro, and Ford Next segments, it consists of the earnings for the particular segment and does not include interest and taxes. Ford Credit segment earnings include interest and exclude taxes (“Segment EBT”). Each segment’s EBIT/EBT also excludes the results reported in Corporate Other and Special Items. For the Ford Blue, Ford Model e, and Ford Pro segments, our CODM reviews Segment EBIT and Segment EBIT margin, as well as market share, revenue, and wholesale volume to evaluate performance and allocate resources, predominately in the budgeting, planning, and forecasting processes. For Segment EBIT, our CODM reviews the year-over-year change in EBIT, sequential change in EBIT, and change in EBIT from internal forecasts/budgets. Revenue and certain of our costs, such as material costs, generally vary directly with changes in volume and mix of vehicles. As a result, our CODM reviews the EBIT impact driven by changes in volume and mix, the EBIT impact driven by changes in exchange, and the EBIT impact driven by changes in net pricing and cost categories at constant volume and mix and/or exchange. For the Ford Next segment, our CODM reviews segment EBIT to evaluate performance. For the Ford Credit segment, our CODM reviews Segment EBT to evaluate performance and allocate resources. Expense information is provided to and reviewed by the CODM on a consolidated basis to evaluate cost efficiency and company level performance.
NOTE 25. SEGMENT INFORMATION (Continued)

Segment Revenue, Cost, and Asset Principles for Ford Blue, Ford Model e, and Ford Pro

External vehicle and digital services revenue is generally vehicle-specific and included in the segment responsible for the external vehicle sale. A majority of parts and accessories revenue and cost is attributed to customer sales channels or vehicle lines based on recent end customer sales and is included in the respective segment.

In the normal course of business, Ford Blue, Ford Model e, and Ford Pro transact between segments and cooperate to leverage synergies, including developing and manufacturing vehicles on behalf of another segment. When one segment produces a vehicle that is sold externally by another segment, an intersegment transaction occurs. The producing segment will report intersegment revenue to recoup the costs associated with the unit produced. This includes material cost, labor and overhead (including depreciation and amortization), inbound freight, and an intersegment markup. The intersegment markup amount is set to deliver a competitive return to the producing segment for its manufacturing and distribution service. Costs are reflected in the associated segment externally reporting the vehicle sale, as detailed in the table below:

Income Statement ElementsExamplesSegment Reporting
Costs specific to a particular vehicleBill of material cost and initial warranty accrualReported in the segment externally selling the vehicle
Costs identifiable by product lineManufacturing and logistics costs, depreciation & amortization expense, direct research & development costsTypically identifiable to the product line or production location. Reported in the segment externally selling the vehicle, based on relative volume
Shared costsSelling, general & administrative expense, and indirect/cross product line research & development costsTypically shared across all segments, generally based on relative volume. Certain costs clearly linked to a segment are reported in the specific segment
Intersegment markup for intersegment vehicle transactionsContract manufacturing and distribution feesReported in the segment externally selling the vehicle, for each applicable vehicle transaction

Assets are reported in each segment, aligned to the appropriate operational responsibility. Manufacturing assets, e.g., our plants and the machinery and equipment therein, are included in our Ford Blue and Ford Model e segments. Manufacturing assets producing only, or primarily, EVs and related components are reflected in Ford Model e. Manufacturing assets that support the production of ICE and hybrid vehicles, including those producing ICE and electric in the same facility, are included in Ford Blue. Vendor tooling dedicated to producing EV parts is reported in Ford Model e.
Purchased regulatory credit compliance assets are reported in Ford Blue. There are no Ford manufacturing, vendor tooling, or regulatory credit compliance assets reported in Ford Pro. Depreciation and amortization expense is reflected on the basis of production volume. Regulatory compliance credit expense is allocated by vehicle line between Ford Blue and Ford Pro segments. Regardless of the segment reporting the asset, the related expenses are reported in the segment that reports the external vehicle sale.

Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies is included in Income/(Loss) before income taxes, based primarily on which segment the entity supports or has the majority of the entity’s purchases or sales. The table below shows the segment reporting for our most significant unconsolidated entities:

Ford BlueFord Model eFord Pro
∘ Changan Ford Automobile Corporation, Ltd. (“CAF”)
∘ BlueOval SK, LLC
∘ Ford Otomotiv Sanayi Anonim Sirketi (“Ford Otosan”)
∘ Jiangling Motors Corporation, Ltd. (“JMC”)
∘ AutoAlliance (Thailand) Co., Ltd. (“AAT”)
NOTE 25.  SEGMENT INFORMATION (Continued)

Key financial information for the years ended or at December 31 was as follows (in millions):
 Ford BlueFord
Model e		Ford ProFord NextFord CreditUnallocated Amounts and Eliminations (a)Total
2022    
External revenues$94,762 $5,253 $48,939 $99 $8,978 $26 $158,057 
Intersegment revenues (b)36,020 121 — — — (36,141)— 
Total revenues$130,782 $5,374 $48,939 $99 $8,978 $(36,115)$158,057 
Other segment items (c)123,935 7,507 45,717 1,025 6,321 
Segment EBIT/EBT$6,847 $(2,133)$3,222 $(926)$2,657 $9,667 
Reconciliation of Segment EBIT/EBT
Unallocated amounts:
Corporate Other748 
Interest on debt (excludes $3,334 of Ford Credit interest on debt)
(1,259)
Special items (d)(12,172)
Income/(Loss) before income taxes$(3,016)
Other Segment Disclosures
Depreciation and tooling amortization$3,365 $249 $1,522 $5 $2,281 $252 $7,674 
Investment-related interest income59 — 16 — 178 386 639 
Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies270 (15)412 (315)27 (3,262)(2,883)
Cash outflow for capital spending (e)4,702 1,336 26 23 58 721 6,866 
Total assets56,023 5,285 2,177 392 137,954 54,053 255,884 
2023
External Revenues$101,934 $5,897 $58,058 $3 $10,290 $9 $176,191 
Intersegment Revenues (b)38,693 629 — — — (39,322)— 
Total Revenues$140,627 $6,526 $58,058 $3 $10,290 $(39,313)$176,191 
Other segment items (c)133,165 11,227 50,836 141 8,959 
Segment EBIT/EBT$7,462 $(4,701)$7,222 $(138)$1,331 $11,176 
Reconciliation of Segment EBIT/EBT
Unallocated amounts:
Corporate Other(760)
Interest on debt (excludes $6,311 of Ford Credit interest on debt)
(1,302)
Special items (f)(5,147)
Income/(Loss) before income taxes$3,967 
Other Segment Disclosures
Depreciation and tooling amortization$3,378 $505 $1,291 $12 $2,354 $150 $7,690 
Investment-related interest income110 1 32 — 522 902 1,567 
Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies337 (37)589 (29)32 (478)414 
Cash outflow for capital spending (e)4,963 2,861 7 6 80 319 8,236 
Total assets58,990 13,648 2,942 207 148,521 49,002 273,310 
NOTE 25.  SEGMENT INFORMATION (Continued)
 Ford BlueFord
Model e		Ford ProFord NextFord CreditUnallocated Amounts and Eliminations (a)Total
2024
External Revenues$101,935 $3,852 $66,906 $7 $12,286 $6 $184,992 
Intersegment Revenues (b)43,442 257 — — — (43,699)— 
Total Revenues$145,377 $4,109 $66,906 $7 $12,286 $(43,693)$184,992 
Other segment items (c)140,093 9,185 57,891 57 10,632 
Segment EBIT/EBT$5,284 $(5,076)$9,015 $(50)$1,654 $10,827 
Reconciliation of Segment EBIT/EBT
Unallocated amounts:
Corporate Other(619)
Interest on debt (excludes $7,583 of Ford Credit interest on debt)
(1,115)
Special items (g)(1,860)
Income/(Loss) before income taxes$7,233 
Other Segment Disclosures
Depreciation and tooling amortization$2,952 $556 $1,394 $12 $2,529 $124 $7,567 
Investment-related interest income167 2 52 — 500 819 1,540 
Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies240 (66)482 (3)42 (17)678 
Cash outflow for capital spending (e)4,490 3,843 37 3 94 217 8,684 
Total assets58,791 17,074 3,469 151 157,534 48,177 285,196 
__________
(a)Unallocated amounts include Corporate Other (see above description of corporate expenses and corporate assets) and Special Items. Eliminations include intersegment transaction occurring in the ordinary course of business.
(b)Intersegment revenues only reflect finished vehicle transactions between Ford Blue, Ford Model e, and Ford Pro where there is an intersegment markup and are recognized at the time of the intersegment transaction.
(c)Other segment items for the Ford Blue, Ford Model e, and Ford Pro segments primarily consists of: material costs (including commodities and components and purchased vehicles from partners), manufacturing costs (including hourly and salaried wages and fringe, and plant overhead such as utilities and taxes), warranty coverages and field service action costs (including estimated costs to repair, replace, or adjust parts on a vehicle that are defective in factory supplied materials or workmanship), freight & duty costs (including related to the receiving and shipping of components and vehicles), vehicle and software engineering and connectivity costs (including wages and fringe for personnel, prototype materials, testing, and outside services), spending-related costs (including depreciation and amortization of manufacturing and engineering assets, asset retirements and operating leases), advertising and sales promotions costs (including costs for advertising, marketing programs, brand promotions, customer mailings and promotional events, and auto shows), and administrative, information technology, and selling costs (including primarily wages and fringe for salaried personnel and purchased services). Other segment items for the Ford Next segment primarily consists of administrative and information technology costs. Other segment items for the Ford Credit segment primarily consists of interest expense and depreciation.
(d)Primarily reflects losses on our Rivian investment and the impairment of our Argo AI equity method investment.
(e)Ford Blue includes $305 million, $909 million, and $844 million of spending attributable to electric vehicles at shared manufacturing plants in 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively. Total electric vehicle spending, including Ford Blue and Ford Model e, was $1,641 million, $3,770 million, and $4,687 million in 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively.
(f)Primarily reflects mark-to-market adjustments for our global pension and OPEB plans, restructuring actions in Europe and China, and an accrual for the Transit Connect customs matter.
(g)Includes a write-down of certain product-specific assets of $391 million and other expenses of $809 million related to the cancellation of a previously planned all-electric three-row SUV program, all of which was recorded in Cost of sales. The amount also reflects restructuring actions in Europe, buyouts for hourly employees in North America, the extended duration of the Oakville Assembly Plant changeover, and pension curtailment and separation costs in North America and Europe, partially offset by mark-to-market adjustments for our global pension and OPEB plans.
NOTE 25.  SEGMENT INFORMATION (Continued)

Geographic Information

We report revenue on a “where-sold” basis, which reflects the revenue within the country in which the ultimate sale or financing is made to our external customer.

Total Company revenues and long-lived assets, split geographically by our country of domicile (the United States) and other countries where our major subsidiaries are domiciled, for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 202220232024
 RevenuesLong-Lived
Assets (a)		RevenuesLong-Lived
Assets (a)		RevenuesLong-Lived
Assets (a)
United States$105,481 $41,925 $116,995 $42,235 $124,968 $45,392 
Canada12,590 5,739 13,391 6,147 13,412 6,548 
United Kingdom8,220 1,264 8,968 1,868 9,936 2,174 
Mexico1,813 4,255 2,774 5,222 2,634 4,352 
All Other29,953 6,854 34,063 6,733 34,042 6,409 
Total Company$158,057 $60,037 $176,191 $62,205 $184,992 $64,875 
__________
(a)    Includes Net property and Net investment in operating leases from our consolidated balance sheets.
v3.25.0.1
Schedule of Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]  
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Schedule of Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure [Text Block]
FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
(in millions)
DescriptionBalance at
Beginning of
Period		Charged to
Costs and
Expenses		DeductionsBalance at End
of Period
For the Year Ended December 31, 2022      
Allowances deducted from assets      
Credit losses$926 $50 $119 (a)$857 
Doubtful receivables47 57 11 (b)93 
Inventories (primarily service part obsolescence)724 (6)(c)—  718 
Deferred tax assets1,067 (242)(d)3 822 
Deferred tax assets for U.S. branch operations (e)3,268 (38)— 3,230 
Total allowances deducted from assets$6,032 $(179)$133  $5,720 
For the Year Ended December 31, 2023  
Allowances deducted from assets  
Credit losses$857 $385  $343 (a)$899 
Doubtful receivables93 30  54 (b)69 
Inventories (primarily service part obsolescence)718 (31)(c)—  687 
Deferred tax assets822 36 (d)12 846 
Deferred tax assets for U.S. branch operations (e)3,230 111 — 3,341 
Total allowances deducted from assets$5,720 $531  $409  $5,842 
For the Year Ended December 31, 2024      
Allowances deducted from assets      
Credit losses$899 $430  $429 (a)$900 
Doubtful receivables69 23  15 (b)77 
Inventories (primarily service part obsolescence)687 68 (c)—  755 
Deferred tax assets846 (428)(d)11 407 
Deferred tax assets for U.S. branch operations (e)3,341 108 — 3,449 
Total allowances deducted from assets$5,842 $201  $455  $5,588 
_________
(a)    Finance receivables deemed to be uncollectible and other changes, principally amounts related to finance receivables sold and translation adjustments.
(b)    Accounts receivable deemed to be uncollectible as well as translation adjustments.
(c)    Net change in inventory allowances, including translation adjustments.
(d)    Change in valuation allowance on deferred tax assets including translation adjustments.
(e)    Deferred tax assets of U.S. branch operations no longer requiring a valuation allowance would result in an increase in deferred tax liabilities.
v3.25.0.1
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure      
Net Income (Loss) $ 5,879 $ 4,347 $ (1,981)
v3.25.0.1
Insider Trading Arrangements
 3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
shares
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
Andrew Frick [Member]  
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Name Andrew Frick
Title President, Ford Blue and Ford Customer Service Division
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted true
Adoption Date December 24, 2024
Expiration Date December 23, 2025
Aggregate Available 85,896
v3.25.0.1
Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy Disclosure
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, and Governance [Line Items]  
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes for Assessing, Identifying, and Managing Threats [Text Block]
We devote significant resources to our security program that we believe is reasonably designed to mitigate our cybersecurity and information technology risk. We believe our cybersecurity program is reasonably designed to protect our information systems, software, networks, and other assets against, and mitigate the effects of cybersecurity incidents where unauthorized parties attempt, among other things, to disrupt or degrade service or our operations; misuse or abuse technology and information systems; make unauthorized disclosure of data; or otherwise cause harm to the Company, our customers, suppliers, or dealers, or other key stakeholders. We employ capabilities, processes, and other security measures we believe are reasonably designed to reduce and mitigate these risks, and have requirements for our suppliers and service providers to do the same. Despite having thorough due diligence, onboarding, and cybersecurity assessment processes in place for our suppliers and service providers, the responsibility ultimately rests with those parties to establish and maintain their respective cybersecurity programs. Our ability to monitor the cybersecurity practices of third parties is limited and there can be no assurance that we can prevent or mitigate the risk of any compromise or failure in the information systems, software, networks, and other assets owned or controlled by each of them. When we become aware that a supplier or service provider’s cybersecurity has been compromised, we attempt to mitigate the risk to the Company, including, if appropriate and feasible, by terminating the supplier’s connection to our information systems.

In an effort to effectively prevent, detect, and respond to cybersecurity threats, we employ a multi-layered cybersecurity risk management program supervised by our Chief Information Security Officer, whose team is responsible for leading enterprise-wide cybersecurity strategy, policy, architecture, and processes. This responsibility includes identifying, considering, and assessing potentially material cybersecurity incidents on an ongoing basis, establishing processes designed to prevent and monitor potential cybersecurity risks, implementing mitigation and remedial measures, and maintaining our cybersecurity program. Our program is informed by and designed to comply with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework (CSF). Our program leverages both internal and external techniques and expertise. Internally, we perform penetration tests, internal tests/code reviews, and red team exercises, among other things, to evaluate aspects of our cybersecurity program. We also perform phishing and social engineering simulations with, and provide cybersecurity training for, personnel with Company email and access to Company assets, and regularly circulate security awareness newsletters to employees. Externally, we monitor notifications from the U.S. Computer Emergency Readiness Team (“CERT”) and various Information Sharing and Analysis Centers (each an “ISAC”); review customer, media, and third-party cybersecurity reports; and operate a bug bounty program. Our cybersecurity program also includes disaster recovery and incident response plans, including a ransomware response plan which is regularly tested and evaluated in tabletop simulations.

The Company’s global cybersecurity incident response is also overseen by our Chief Information Security Officer. Our Chief Information Security Officer has served in that role for over 7 years and has over a decade of engineering and operations expertise with cybersecurity technologies and services. Our Chief Information Security Officer reports to our Chief Enterprise Technology Officer who has spent over two decades managing cybersecurity risks as a leader at enterprise software and Fortune 50 companies. Our Chief Enterprise Technology Officer reports directly to our Chief Executive Officer.

When a cybersecurity threat or incident is identified, our policy is to review and triage the threat or incident, and to then manage it to conclusion in accordance with our cybersecurity incident response processes. When a cybersecurity incident is determined to be significant, it is addressed by management committees using processes that leverage subject-matter expertise from across the Company. Further, we have in the past and may in the future engage with third-party advisors and government and law enforcement agencies as part of our incident management processes. All cybersecurity incidents that are identified as reasonably having the potential to be highly significant to the Company are brought to the attention of both the Chief Enterprise Technology Officer and Chief Policy Officer and General Counsel by the Chief Information Security Officer as part of our cybersecurity incident response processes.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Text Block]
Cybersecurity risk identification, assessment, and management are integrated into our overall enterprise risk management program. As part of its enterprise risk management efforts, the Board meets with senior management, including the executive leadership team, to assess and respond to critical business risks. These critical enterprise risks are assessed by senior management annually and discussed with the Board. Then each of the top risks are validated, prioritized, and assigned risk owners who are responsible to oversee risk assessment, develop and implement mitigation plans, and provide regular updates to the Board (and/or Board committee assigned to the risk). In this way, critical business risks, including cybersecurity risk, benefit from both top-down and bottom-up risk management efforts that we believe are reasonably designed to escalate key risk and control issues to senior management and the Board.

As a result of this enterprise risk management process, cybersecurity threats have been and continue to be identified as one of the Company’s critical business risks, with our Chief Enterprise Technology Officer and Chief Information Security Officer assigned as the executive risk owners. The Chief Enterprise Technology Officer and Chief Information Security Officer monitor the prevention, mitigation, detection, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents through their management of, and participation in, the cybersecurity risk management and strategy processes described above, including through the operation of the Company’s global cybersecurity incident response plans, which include provisions for escalation to the Chief Policy Officer and General Counsel, as well as the Board and its committees, as appropriate. As discussed below, the executive risk owners for cybersecurity risk report out to the Audit Committee and, in some cases, the Board, on a regular basis as part of our enterprise risk management process.
Cybersecurity Risk Materially Affected or Reasonably Likely to Materially Affect Registrant [Flag] false
Cybersecurity Risk Materially Affected or Reasonably Likely to Materially Affect Registrant [Text Block]
In 2024, we did not identify any cybersecurity threats that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. For a discussion of whether and how cybersecurity incidents, ransomware attacks, and other disruptions to our operational information systems, security systems, vehicles, and services could reasonably be expected to affect the Company, including its business strategy, results of operations or financial condition, see our risk factors above in Item 1A. generally and, in particular, “Operational information systems, security systems, vehicles, and services could be affected by cybersecurity incidents, ransomware attacks, and other disruptions and impact Ford, Ford Credit, their suppliers, and dealers” on page 22.
Cybersecurity Risk Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block] The Board has delegated primary responsibility for the oversight of cybersecurity and information technology risks, and the Company’s preparedness for these risks, to the Audit Committee.
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block]
The Board has delegated primary responsibility for the oversight of cybersecurity and information technology risks, and the Company’s preparedness for these risks, to the Audit Committee. As part of its oversight responsibilities, the Audit Committee receives regular updates on our cybersecurity practices as well as cybersecurity and information technology risks from our Chief Information Security Officer. These updates include topics related to cybersecurity practices, cyber risks, and risk management processes, such as updates to our cybersecurity programs and mitigation strategies, and other cybersecurity developments. In addition to these regular updates, as part of our incident response processes, the Chief Enterprise Technology Officer, in collaboration with the Chief Information Security Officer and Chief Policy Officer and General Counsel, provides updates on certain cybersecurity incidents to the Audit Committee and, in some cases, the Board. The Audit Committee reviews and provides input into and oversight of our cybersecurity processes, and in the event Ford determines it has experienced a material cybersecurity incident, the Audit Committee is notified about the incident in advance of filing a Current Report on Form 8-K.
Cybersecurity Risk Role of Management [Text Block] The Chief Enterprise Technology Officer and Chief Information Security Officer monitor the prevention, mitigation, detection, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents through their management of, and participation in, the cybersecurity risk management and strategy processes described above, including through the operation of the Company’s global cybersecurity incident response plans, which include provisions for escalation to the Chief Policy Officer and General Counsel, as well as the Board and its committees, as appropriate.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Management Expertise of Management Responsible [Text Block]
The Company’s global cybersecurity incident response is also overseen by our Chief Information Security Officer. Our Chief Information Security Officer has served in that role for over 7 years and has over a decade of engineering and operations expertise with cybersecurity technologies and services. Our Chief Information Security Officer reports to our Chief Enterprise Technology Officer who has spent over two decades managing cybersecurity risks as a leader at enterprise software and Fortune 50 companies. Our Chief Enterprise Technology Officer reports directly to our Chief Executive Officer.
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Management or Committees Responsible [Text Block] The Chief Enterprise Technology Officer and Chief Information Security Officer monitor the prevention, mitigation, detection, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents through their management of, and participation in, the cybersecurity risk management and strategy processes described above, including through the operation of the Company’s global cybersecurity incident response plans, which include provisions for escalation to the Chief Policy Officer and General Counsel, as well as the Board and its committees, as appropriate.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible Report to Board [Flag] true
v3.25.0.1
Summary of Accounting Policies (Policies)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Consolidation and Intercompany Transactions, Policy [Policy Text Block] For purposes of this report, “Ford,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us,” or similar references mean Ford Motor Company, our consolidated subsidiaries, and our consolidated VIEs of which we are the primary beneficiary, unless the context requires otherwise.
Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block] Our consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). We reclassified certain prior year amounts in our consolidated financial statements to conform to the currentyear presentation.
Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations Policy [Policy Text Block]
Foreign Currency
When an entity has monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a currency that is different from its functional currency, each reporting period, we remeasure those assets and liabilities from the transactional currency to the entity’s functional currency. The effect of this remeasurement process and the results of our related foreign currency hedging activities are reported in Cost of sales and Other income/(loss), net
Generally, our foreign subsidiaries use the local currency as their functional currency. We translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries from their respective functional currencies to U.S. dollars using end-of-period exchange rates. Changes in the carrying value of these assets and liabilities attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates are recognized in Foreign currency translation, a component of Other comprehensive income/(Ioss), net of tax. Upon sale or upon complete or substantially complete liquidation of an investment in a foreign subsidiary, the amount of accumulated foreign currency translation related to the entity is reclassified to income and recognized as part of the gain or loss on the investment.
Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect our results. Estimates are used to account for certain items such as marketing accruals, warranty costs, employee benefit programs, allowance for credit losses, and other items requiring judgment.  Estimates are based on assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved with estimates, actual results may differ.
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value due to interest rate, quoted price, or penalty on withdrawal. A debt security is classified as a cash equivalent if it meets these criteria and if it has a remaining time to maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase. Amounts on deposit and available upon demand, or negotiated to provide for daily liquidity without penalty, are classified as Cash and cash equivalents. Time deposits, certificates of deposit, and money market accounts that meet the above criteria are reported at par value on our consolidated balance sheets.
Restricted Cash, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Restricted Cash

Cash and cash equivalents that are restricted as to withdrawal or use under the terms of certain contractual agreements are recorded in Other assets in the non-current assets section of our consolidated balance sheets. Our Company excluding Ford Credit restricted cash balances primarily include various escrow agreements related to legal, insurance, customs, and environmental matters and cash held under the terms of certain contractual agreements. Our Ford Credit segment restricted cash balances primarily include cash held to meet certain local governmental and regulatory reserve requirements and cash held under the terms of certain contractual agreements. Restricted cash does not include required minimum balances or cash securing debt issued through securitization transactions.
Marketable Securities, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Marketable Securities

Investments in debt securities with a maturity date greater than three months at the date of purchase and other debt securities for which there is more than an insignificant risk of change in value due to interest rate, quoted price, or penalty on withdrawal are classified and accounted for as either trading or available-for-sale marketable securities. Equity securities with a readily determinable fair value are classified and accounted for as trading marketable securities.

Realized gains and losses, interest income, and dividend income on all of our marketable securities and unrealized gains and losses on securities not classified as available for sale are recorded in Other income/(loss), net. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are recognized in Unrealized gains and losses on securities, a component of Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax. Realized gains and losses and reclassifications of accumulated other comprehensive income into net income are measured using the specific identification method.

On a quarterly basis, we review our available-for-sale debt securities for credit losses. We compare the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security with the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis of the security, we determine if a credit loss allowance is necessary. If a credit loss allowance is necessary, we will record an allowance, limited by the amount that fair value is less than the amortized cost basis, and recognize the corresponding charge in Other income/(loss), net. Factors we consider include the severity and reason for the decline in value, interest rate changes, and counterparty long-term ratings.
Intangible Assets, Indefinite-Lived, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Net Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill are not amortized but are tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate the assets may be impaired. Goodwill impairment testing is also performed following an allocation of goodwill to a business to be disposed or a change in reporting units. We test for impairment by assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset or the reporting unit allocated the goodwill is less than its carrying amount. If the qualitative assessment indicates a possible impairment, the carrying value of the asset or reporting unit is compared with its fair value. Fair value is measured relying primarily on the income approach by applying a discounted cash flow method, the market approach using market values or multiples, and/or third-party valuations.The carrying amount of intangible assets and goodwill is reported in Other assets in the non-current assets section of our consolidated balance sheets. Intangible assets are comprised primarily of advertising agreements and land rights
Intangible Assets, Finite-Lived, Policy [Policy Text Block] We capitalize and amortize our finite-lived intangible assets over their estimated useful lives.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Goodwill, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Net Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill are not amortized but are tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate the assets may be impaired. Goodwill impairment testing is also performed following an allocation of goodwill to a business to be disposed or a change in reporting units. We test for impairment by assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset or the reporting unit allocated the goodwill is less than its carrying amount. If the qualitative assessment indicates a possible impairment, the carrying value of the asset or reporting unit is compared with its fair value. Fair value is measured relying primarily on the income approach by applying a discounted cash flow method, the market approach using market values or multiples, and/or third-party valuations. The carrying amount of intangible assets and goodwill is reported in Other assets in the non-current assets section of our consolidated balance sheets.
Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Held-and-Used Long-Lived Asset Impairment

We test our long-lived asset groups when changes in circumstances indicate their carrying value may not be recoverable. Events that trigger a test for recoverability include:

•Material adverse changes in projected revenues or expenses, present negative cash flows combined with a history of negative cash flows and a forecast that demonstrates significant continuing losses
•Adverse change in legal factors or significant negative industry, or regulatory trends (such as overcrowding of market offerings or changes in regulations, resulting in excess capacity relative to market demand)
•Current expectation that a long-lived asset group will be disposed of significantly before the end of its useful life
•Significant adverse change in the manner in which an asset group is used or in its physical condition
•Significant change in the asset grouping

In addition, investing in new or emerging products (e.g., EVs) or services (e.g., connectivity) may require substantial upfront capital, which may result in initial forecasted negative cash flows in the near term. In these instances, near term negative cash flows on their own may not be indicative of a triggering event for evaluation of impairment. In such circumstances, we also conduct a qualitative evaluation of the business growth trajectory, which includes updating our assessment of when positive cash flows are expected to be generated, confirming whether established milestones are being achieved, and assessing our ability and intent to continue to access required funding to execute the plan. If this evaluation indicates a triggering event has occurred, a test for recoverability is performed.
When a triggering event occurs, a test for recoverability is performed, comparing projected undiscounted future cash flows to the carrying value of the asset group. If the undiscounted forecasted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the assets, the asset group’s fair value is measured relying primarily on a discounted cash flow method. To the extent available, we will also consider third-party valuations of our long-lived assets that may have been prepared for other business purposes. An impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying value of the asset group exceeds its estimated fair value. When an impairment loss is recognized for assets to be held and used, the adjusted carrying amounts of those assets are depreciated over their remaining useful life.
Held-for-Sale Asset Impairment

We perform an impairment test on a disposal group to be discontinued, held for sale (“HFS”), or otherwise disposed of when we have committed to an action and the action is expected to be completed within one year. We estimate fair value to approximate the expected proceeds to be received, less cost to sell, and compare it to the carrying value of the disposal group. An impairment charge is recognized when the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value (see Note 21). We also assess fair value if circumstances arise that were considered unlikely and, as a result, we decide not to sell a disposal group previously classified as HFS upon reclassification to held and used. When there is a change to a plan of sale, and the assets are reclassified from HFS to held and used, the long-lived assets are reported at the lower of (i) the carrying amount before an HFS designation, adjusted for depreciation that would have been recognized if the assets had not been classified as HFS, or (ii) the fair value at the date the assets no longer satisfy the criteria for classification as HFS.
Fair Value Measurements, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Fair Value Measurements

We measure fair value of our financial instruments, including those held within our pension plans, using various valuation methods and prioritize the use of observable inputs. The use of observable and unobservable inputs and their significance in measuring fair value are reflected in our fair value hierarchy:

•Level 1 - inputs include quoted prices for identical instruments and are the most observable
•Level 2 - inputs include quoted prices for similar instruments and observable inputs such as interest rates, currency exchange rates, and yield curves
•Level 3 - inputs include data not observable in the market and reflect management judgment about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the instruments
NOTE 2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Fixed income securities, equities, commingled funds, derivative financial instruments, and alternative assets are remeasured and presented within our consolidated financial statements at fair value on a recurring basis. Finance receivables and debt are measured at fair value for the purpose of disclosure. Other assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

Transfers into and transfers out of the hierarchy levels are recognized as if they had taken place at the end of the reporting period.

Valuation Method

Fixed Income Securities. Fixed income securities primarily include government securities, government agency securities, corporate bonds, and asset-backed securities. We generally measure fair value using prices obtained from pricing services or quotes from dealers that make markets in such securities. Pricing methods and inputs to valuation models used by the pricing services depend on the security type (i.e., asset class). Where possible, fair values are generated using market inputs, including quoted prices (the closing price in an exchange market), bid prices (the price at which a buyer stands ready to purchase), and other market information. For fixed income securities that are not actively traded, the pricing services use alternative methods to determine fair value for the securities, including quotes for similar fixed income securities, matrix pricing, discounted cash flow using benchmark curves, or other factors. In certain cases, when market data are not available, we may use broker quotes or pricing services that use proprietary pricing models to determine fair value. The proprietary models incorporate unobservable inputs primarily consisting of prepayment curves, discount rates, default assumptions, recovery rates, yield assumptions, and credit spread assumptions.

An annual review is performed on the security prices received from our pricing services, which includes discussion and analysis of the inputs used by the pricing services to value our securities. We also compare the price of certain securities sold close to the quarter end to the price of the same security at the balance sheet date to ensure the reported fair value is reasonable.

Equities. Equity securities are primarily exchange-traded and are valued based on the closing bid, official close, or last trade pricing on an active exchange. If closing prices are not available, securities are valued at the last quoted bid price or may be valued using the last available price. Securities that are thinly traded or delisted are valued using unobservable pricing data.

Commingled Funds. Fixed income and public equity securities may each be combined into commingled fund investments. Most commingled funds are valued to reflect our interest in the fund based on the reported year-end net asset value (“NAV”).

Derivative Financial Instruments. Exchange-traded derivatives for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the last reported sale price or official closing price as reported by an independent pricing service on the primary market or exchange on which they are traded. Over-the-counter derivatives are not exchange traded and are valued using independent pricing services or industry-standard valuation models such as a discounted cash flow. When discounted cash flow models are used, projected future cash flows are discounted to a present value using market-based expectations for interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodity prices, and the contractual terms of the derivative instruments. The discount rate used is the relevant benchmark interest rate (e.g., SOFR, SONIA) plus an adjustment for non-performance risk. The adjustment reflects the full credit default swap (“CDS”) spread applied to a net exposure, by counterparty, considering the master netting agreements we have entered into and any posted collateral. We use our
counterparty’s CDS spread when we are in a net asset position and our own CDS spread when we are in a net liability position. In cases when market data are not available, we use broker quotes and models (e.g., Black-Scholes) to determine fair value. This includes situations where there is a lack of liquidity for a particular currency or commodity, or when the instrument is longer dated. When broker quotes or models are used to determine fair value, the derivative is categorized within Level 3 of the hierarchy. All other derivatives are categorized within Level 2.

Alternative Assets.  Hedge funds generally hold liquid and readily-priced securities, such as public equities, exchange-traded derivatives, and corporate bonds.  Private equity and real estate investments are less liquid.  External investment managers typically report valuations reflecting initial cost or updated appraisals, which are adjusted for cash flows, and realized and unrealized gains/losses. All alternative assets are valued at the NAV provided by the investment sponsor or third party administrator, as they do not have readily-available market quotations. Valuations may lag up to
six months.  The NAV will be adjusted for cash flows (additional investments or contributions, and distributions) through year end. We may make further adjustments for any known substantive valuation changes not reflected in the NAV.
NOTE 2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

We may hold annuity contracts within some of our non-U.S. pension plans (see Note 16). The contract valuation method is applied for markets where we have purchased annuity contracts from an insurer as a plan asset. We measure the fair value of the insurance asset by projecting expected future cash flows from the contract and discounting them to present value based on current market rates. The assumptions used to project expected future cash flows are based on actuarial estimates. We include all annuity contracts within Level 3 of the hierarchy.

Finance Receivables. We measure finance receivables at fair value using internal valuation models (see Note 10). These models project future cash flows of financing contracts based on scheduled contract payments (including principal and interest) and assumptions regarding expected credit losses and pre-payment speed. The projected cash flows are discounted to present value at current rates that incorporate present yield curve and credit spread assumptions. The fair value of finance receivables is categorized within Level 3 of the hierarchy.

On a nonrecurring basis, we also measure at fair value retail contracts 120 days past due or deemed to be uncollectible, and individual dealer loans probable of foreclosure. We use the fair value of collateral, adjusted for estimated costs to sell, to determine the fair value of these receivables. The collateral for a retail financing or wholesale receivable is the vehicle financed, and for dealer loans is real estate or other property.

The fair value of collateral for retail receivables is calculated as the outstanding receivable balances multiplied by the average recovery value percentage. The fair value of collateral for wholesale receivables is based on the wholesale market value or liquidation value for new and used vehicles. The fair value of collateral for dealer loans is determined by reviewing various appraisals, which include total adjusted appraised value of land and improvements, alternate use appraised value, broker’s opinion of value, and purchase offers.

Debt. We measure debt at fair value using quoted prices for our own debt with approximately the same remaining maturities (see Note 18). Where quoted prices are not available, we estimate fair value using discounted cash flows and market-based expectations for interest rates, credit risk, and the contractual terms of the debt instruments. For certain short-term debt with an original maturity date of one year or less, we assume that book value is a reasonable approximation of the debt’s fair value. The fair value of debt is categorized within Level 2 of the hierarchy.
Finance and Lease Incentives
We routinely sponsor special retail financing and lease incentives to dealers’ customers who choose to finance or lease our vehicles from Ford Credit. The cost for these incentives is included in our estimate of variable consideration when the vehicle is sold to the dealer. Ford Credit records a reduction to the finance receivable or reduces the cost of the
vehicle operating lease when it records the underlying finance contract, and we transfer to Ford Credit the amount of the incentive on behalf of the dealer’s customer. See Note 1 for additional information regarding transactions between Ford Credit and our other segments.
Cost of Goods and Service [Policy Text Block]
Supplier Price Adjustments

We frequently negotiate price adjustments with our suppliers throughout a production cycle, even after receiving production material. These price adjustments relate to changes in design specification or other commercial terms such as economics, productivity, and competitive pricing. We recognize price adjustments when we reach final agreement with our suppliers. In general, we avoid direct price changes in consideration of future business; however, when these occur, our policy is to defer the recognition of any such price change given explicitly in consideration of future business.
Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block] Engineering, research, and development expenses are primarily reported in Cost of sales and consist of salaries, materials, and associated costs. Engineering, research, and development costs are expensed as incurred when performed internally or when performed by a supplier if we guarantee reimbursement.
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue [Policy Text Block]
Company Excluding Ford Credit
Vehicles, Parts, and Accessories. For the majority of vehicles, parts, and accessories, we transfer control and recognize a sale when we ship the product from our manufacturing facility to our customer (dealers and distributors). We receive cash equal to the invoice price for most vehicle sales at the time of wholesale. When the vehicle sale is financed by our wholly-owned subsidiary Ford Credit, the dealer is obligated to pay Ford Credit when it sells the vehicle to the retail customer (see Note 10). Payment terms on part sales to dealers, distributors, and retailers generally range from 30 to 120 days. The amount of consideration we receive and revenue we recognize varies with changes in return rights, marketing incentives we offer to our customers and their customers, and other pricing adjustments. When we give our dealers the right to return eligible parts and accessories, we estimate the expected returns based on an analysis of historical experience. Estimates of marketing incentives and other pricing adjustments are based on our expectation of retail and fleet sales volumes, mix of products to be sold, competitor actions, and incentive programs to be offered. Customer acceptance of products and programs, as well as other market conditions, will impact these estimates. We adjust our estimate of revenue at the earlier of when the value of consideration we expect to receive changes or when the consideration becomes fixed.
We have elected to recognize the cost for freight and shipping when control over vehicles, parts, or accessories has transferred to the customer as an expense in Cost of sales.

We sell vehicles to daily rental companies and may guarantee that we will pay them the difference between an agreed amount and the value they are able to realize upon resale. At the time of transfer of vehicles to the daily rental companies, we record the probable amount we will pay under the guarantee to Other liabilities and deferred revenue (see Note 24).

Used Vehicles. We sell used vehicles both at auction and through our consolidated dealerships. Proceeds from the sale of these vehicles are recognized in Company excluding Ford Credit revenues upon transfer of control of the vehicle to the customer, and the related vehicle carrying value is recognized in Cost of sales.

Services and other revenue. For separate or stand-ready performance obligations that are included as part of the vehicle consideration received (e.g., free extended service contracts, vehicle connectivity, over-the-air updates), we use an observable price to determine the stand-alone selling price or, when one is not available, we use a cost-plus margin approach. We also sell separately priced service contracts that extend mechanical and maintenance coverages beyond our base warranty agreements to vehicle owners. We receive payment at contract inception and the contracts generally range from 12 to 120 months. We recognize revenue for vehicle service contracts that extend mechanical and maintenance coverages beyond our base warranties over the term of the agreement in proportion to the costs we expect to incur in satisfying the contract obligations. Revenue related to other future or stand-ready performance obligations is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the period in which services are expected to be performed.
We record a premium deficiency reserve to the extent we estimate the future costs associated with extended service contracts exceed the unrecognized revenue. Amounts paid to dealers to obtain these contracts are deferred and recorded as Other assets. These costs are amortized to expense consistent with how the related revenue is recognized.
We also receive other revenue related to vehicle-related design and testing services we perform for others, various Ford Next operations, and net commissions for serving as the agent in facilitating the sale of a third party’s products or services to our customers. We have applied the practical expedient to recognize Company excluding Ford Credit revenues for vehicle-related design and testing services over the term of the related agreements (generally two to three years) in proportion to the amount we have the right to invoice.

Leasing Income. We earn income from operating lease assets and record the income on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease agreement.

Ford Credit Segment

Leasing Income. Ford Credit offers leasing plans to retail consumers through Ford and Lincoln brand dealers that originate the leases. Ford Credit records an operating lease upon purchase of a vehicle subject to a lease from the dealer. The retail consumer makes lease payments representing the difference between Ford Credit’s purchase price of the vehicle and the contractual residual value of the vehicle plus lease fees, which we recognize on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease agreement. Depreciation and the gain or loss upon disposition of the vehicle is recorded in Ford Credit interest, operating, and other expenses.

Financing Income. Ford Credit originates and purchases finance installment contracts. Financing income represents interest earned on the finance receivables (including sales-type and direct financing leases). Interest is recognized using the interest method and includes the amortization of certain direct origination costs.

Insurance Income. Income from insurance contracts is recognized evenly over the term of the agreement. Insurance commission revenue is recognized on a net basis at the time of sale of the third party’s product or service to our customer.
Finance Loans and Leases Receivable, Policy [Policy Text Block] Finance receivables are recorded at the time of origination or purchase at fair value and are subsequently reported at amortized cost, net of any allowance for credit losses.
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense [Abstract]  
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Policy Text Block]
Under our Long-Term Incentive Plans, we may issue restricted stock units (“RSUs”), restricted stock shares (“RSSs”), and stock options. RSUs and RSSs consist of time-based and performance-based awards. The number of shares that may be granted in any year is limited to 2% of our issued and outstanding Common Stock as of December 31 of the prior calendar year. The limit may be increased up to 3% in any year, with a corresponding reduction in shares available for grants in future years. Granted RSUs generally cliff vest or ratably vest over a three-year service period. Performance-based RSUs can be based on internal financial performance metrics or total shareholder return relative to a peer group or a combination of the two metrics. At the time of vest, RSU awards are net settled (i.e., shares are withheld to cover the employee tax obligation). Stock options ratably vest over a three-year service period and expire ten years from the grant date.
The fair value of both the time-based and the internal performance metrics portion of the performance-based RSUs and RSSs is determined using the closing price of our Common Stock at grant date. For awards that include a market condition, we measure the fair value using a Monte Carlo simulation.
Time-based RSUs generally have a graded vesting feature whereby one-third of each grant vests after the first anniversary of the grant date, one-third after the second anniversary, and one-third after the third anniversary. The graded vesting method recognizes expense over the service period for each separately-vesting tranche, which results in accelerated recognition of expense. The fair value of time-based RSUs, RSSs, and stock options is expensed over the shorter of each separate vesting period, using the graded vesting method, or the time period an employee becomes eligible to retain the award at retirement. The fair value of performance-based RSUs and RSSs is expensed when it is probable and estimable as measured against the performance metrics over the shorter of the performance or required service periods. We measure the fair value of our stock options on the date of grant using either the Black-Scholes option-pricing model (for options without a market condition) or a Monte Carlo simulation (for options with a market condition). We have elected to recognize forfeitures as an adjustment to compensation expense for all RSUs, RSSs, and stock options in the same period as the forfeitures occur. Expense is recorded in Selling, administrative, and other expenses and Cost of sales, as incurred.
The performance-based RSUs granted in March 2022, 2023, and 2024 include a relative Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) metric.
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes, Policy [Policy Text Block]
We recognize income tax-related penalties in Provision for/(Benefit from) income taxes on our consolidated income statements. We recognize income tax-related interest income and interest expense in Other income/(loss), net on our consolidated income statements.

We account for U.S. tax on global intangible low-taxed income in the period incurred, and we account for investment tax credits using the deferral method.

Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences that exist between the financial statement carrying value of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards on a taxing jurisdiction basis. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates that will apply in the years in which we expect the temporary differences to be recovered or paid.
NOTE 7. INCOME TAXES (Continued)

Our accounting for deferred tax consequences represents our best estimate of the likely future tax consequences of events that have been recognized on our consolidated financial statements or tax returns and their future probability.  In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we consider both positive and negative evidence related to the likelihood of realization of the deferred tax assets.  If, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized, we record a valuation allowance.
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]
We present both basic and diluted earnings/(loss) per share (“EPS”) amounts in our financial reporting. Basic EPS excludes dilution and is computed by dividing Net income/(loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company by the weighted-average number of shares of Common and Class B Stock outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the maximum potential dilution that could occur from our share-based compensation (“in-the-money” stock options, unvested RSUs, and unvested RSSs) and convertible debt. Potentially dilutive shares are excluded from the calculation if they have an anti-dilutive effect in the period.
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]  
Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block] All inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost of our inventories is determined by costing methods that approximate a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis.
Lessor, Leases [Policy Text Block] Assets subject to operating leases are depreciated using the straight-line method over the term of the lease to reduce the asset to its estimated residual value at the end of the scheduled lease term. Estimated residual values are based on assumptions for used vehicle prices at lease termination and the number of vehicles that are expected to be returned. Adjustments to depreciation expense reflecting revised estimates of expected residual values at the end of the lease terms are recorded prospectively on a straight-line basis.
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Net property is reported at cost, net of accumulated depreciation, which includes impairments.  We capitalize new assets when we expect to use the asset for more than one year.  Routine maintenance and repair costs are expensed when incurred.
Property and equipment are depreciated primarily using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset.  Useful lives range from 3 years to 40 years.  The estimated useful lives generally are 14.5 years for machinery and equipment, 8 years for software, 30 years for land improvements, and 40 years for buildings.  Tooling generally is amortized over the expected life of a product program using a straight-line method.
Equity Method Investment, Summarized Financial Information [Abstract]  
Equity Method Investments [Policy Text Block]
We use the equity method of accounting for our investments in entities over which we do not have control, but over whose operating and financial policies we are able to exercise significant influence.
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plan obligations are remeasured at least annually as of December 31 based on the present value of projected future benefit payments for all participants for services rendered to date. The measurement of projected future benefits is dependent on the provisions of each specific plan, demographics of the group covered by the plan, and other key measurement assumptions. For plans that provide benefits dependent on salary assumptions, we include a projection of salary growth in our measurements. No assumption is made regarding any potential future changes to benefit provisions beyond those to which we are presently committed (e.g., in existing labor contracts).

Net periodic benefit costs, including service cost, interest cost, and expected return on assets, are determined using assumptions regarding the benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets (where applicable) as of the beginning of each year. We have elected to use a fair value of plan assets to calculate the expected return on assets in net periodic benefit cost. The funded status of the benefit plans, which represents the difference between the benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets, is calculated on a plan-by-plan basis. The benefit obligation and related funded status are determined using assumptions as of the end of each year. Actuarial gains and losses resulting from plan remeasurement are recognized in net periodic benefit cost in the period of the remeasurement. The impact of a retroactive plan amendment is recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) and is amortized as a component of net periodic cost, generally over the remaining service period of the active employees. The service cost component is included in Cost of sales and Selling, administrative, and other expenses. Other components of net periodic benefit cost/(income) are included in Other income/(loss), net on our consolidated income statements.

A curtailment results from an event that significantly reduces the expected years of future service or eliminates the accrual of defined benefits for the future services of a significant number of employees. A curtailment gain is recorded when the employees who are entitled to a benefit terminate their employment or when a plan suspension or amendment that results in a curtailment gain is adopted. A curtailment loss is recorded when it becomes probable a curtailment loss will occur. We recognize settlement expense when the costs associated with all settlements during the year exceed the interest component of net periodic cost for the affected plan. Expense from curtailments and settlements is recorded in Other income/(loss), net.

Defined Benefit Pension Plans.  We have defined benefit pension plans covering hourly and salaried employees in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, and other locations. The largest portion of our worldwide obligation is associated with our U.S. plans. Virtually all of our worldwide defined benefit plans are closed to new participants.

In general, our defined benefit pension plans are funded (i.e., have restricted assets from which benefits are paid). Our unfunded defined benefit pension plans are treated on a “pay as you go” basis with benefit payments from general Company cash. These unfunded plans primarily include certain plans in Germany and the U.S. defined benefit plans for senior management.

OPEB.  We have defined benefit OPEB plans, primarily certain health care and life insurance benefits, covering hourly and salaried employees in the United States, Canada, and other locations. The largest portion of our worldwide obligation is associated with our U.S. plans. Our OPEB plans are unfunded and the benefits are paid from general Company cash.
Defined Contribution and Savings Plans. We also have defined contribution and savings plans for hourly and salaried employees in the United States and other locations. Company contributions to these plans, if any, are made from general Company cash and are expensed as incurred.
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Debt, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Our debt consists of short-term and long-term secured and unsecured debt securities, and secured and unsecured borrowings from banks and other lenders.  Debt issuances are placed directly by us or through securities dealers or underwriters and are held by institutional and retail investors.  In addition, Ford Credit sponsors securitization programs that provide short-term and long-term asset-backed financing through institutional investors in the U.S. and international capital markets.

Debt is reported on our consolidated balance sheets at par value adjusted for unamortized discount or premium, unamortized issuance costs, and adjustments related to designated fair value hedging (see Note 19). Discounts, premiums, and costs directly related to the issuance of debt are capitalized and amortized over the life of the debt or to the put date and are recorded in interest expense using the effective interest method. Gains and losses on the extinguishment of debt are recorded in Other income/(loss), net.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Derivatives, Policy [Policy Text Block]
In the normal course of business, our operations are exposed to global market risks, including the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, certain commodity prices, and interest rates. To manage these risks, we enter into highly effective derivative contracts:

•Foreign currency exchange contracts, including forwards, that are used to manage foreign exchange exposure;
•Commodity contracts, including forwards, that are used to manage commodity price risk;
•Interest rate contracts, including swaps, that are used to manage the effects of interest rate fluctuations; and
•Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts that are used to manage foreign currency and interest rate exposures on foreign-denominated debt.

Our derivatives are over-the-counter customized derivative transactions and are not exchange-traded. We review our hedging program, derivative positions, and overall risk management strategy on a regular basis.

Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedge Accounting. Derivative assets are reported in Other assets and derivative liabilities are reported in Payables and Other liabilities and deferred revenue.

We have elected to apply hedge accounting to certain derivatives. Derivatives that are designated in hedging relationships are evaluated for effectiveness using regression analysis at the time they are designated and throughout the hedge period. Some derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting; for others, we elect not to apply hedge accounting.

Cash Flow Hedges. We have designated certain forward contracts as cash flow hedges of forecasted transactions with exposure to foreign currency exchange and commodity price risks.

Changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges are deferred in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) and are recognized in Cost of sales when the hedged item affects earnings. Our policy is to de-designate foreign currency exchange cash flow hedges prior to the time forecasted transactions are recognized as assets or liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets and report subsequent changes in fair value through Cost of sales. If it becomes probable that the originally forecasted transaction will not occur, the related amount included in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) is reclassified and recognized in earnings. The cash flows associated with hedges designated until maturity are reported in Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities on our consolidated statements of cash flows. Our cash flow hedges mature within three years.

Fair Value Hedges. Our Ford Credit segment uses derivatives to reduce the risk of changes in the fair value of debt. We have designated certain receive-fixed, pay-float interest rate and cross-currency interest rate swaps as fair value hedges of fixed-rate debt. The risk being hedged is the risk of changes in the fair value of the hedged debt attributable to changes in the benchmark interest rate and foreign exchange. We report the change in fair value of the hedged debt related to the change in benchmark interest rate in Ford Credit debt and Ford Credit interest, operating, and other expenses. We report the change in fair value of the hedged debt related to foreign currency in Ford Credit debt and Other income/(loss), net. Net interest settlements and accruals and fair value changes on hedging instruments due to the benchmark interest rate change are reported in Ford Credit interest, operating, and other expenses. We report the change in fair value of the hedging instrument related to foreign currency in Other income/(loss), net. The cash flows associated with fair value hedges are reported in Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities on our consolidated statements of cash flows. 

When a fair value hedge is de-designated, or when the derivative is terminated before maturity, the fair value adjustment to the hedged debt continues to be reported as part of the carrying value of the debt and is recognized in Ford Credit interest, operating, and other expenses over its remaining life.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments. For total Company excluding Ford Credit, we report changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments through Cost of sales. Cash flows associated with non-designated or de-designated derivatives are reported in Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities on our consolidated statements of cash flows.

Our Ford Credit segment reports the gains/(losses) on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments in Other income/(loss), net. Cash flows associated with non-designated or de-designated derivatives are reported in Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities on our consolidated statements of cash flows.
  
NOTE 19.  DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES (Continued)

Normal Purchases and Normal Sales Classification. We have elected to apply the normal purchases and normal sales classification for physical supply contracts that are entered into for the purpose of procuring commodities to be used in production over a reasonable period in the normal course of our business.
Derivative assets and liabilities are reported on our consolidated balance sheets at fair value and are presented on a gross basis. The notional amounts of the derivative instruments do not necessarily represent amounts exchanged by the parties and are not a direct measure of our financial exposure. We also enter into master agreements with counterparties that may allow for netting of exposures in the event of default or breach of the counterparty agreement. Collateral represents cash received or paid under reciprocal arrangements that we have entered into with our derivative counterparties, which we do not use to offset our derivative assets and liabilities.
Consolidation, Variable Interest Entity, Policy [Policy Text Block]
A VIE is an entity that either (i) has insufficient equity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, or (ii) has equity investors who lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. We consolidate VIEs of which we are the primary beneficiary. We consider ourselves the primary beneficiary of a VIE when we have both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Assets recognized as a result of consolidating these VIEs do not represent additional assets that could be used to satisfy claims against our general assets. Liabilities recognized as a result of consolidating these VIEs do not represent additional claims on our general assets; rather, they represent claims against the specific assets of the consolidated VIEs.

We have the power to direct the significant activities of an entity when our management has the ability to make key operating decisions, such as decisions regarding budgets, capital investment, manufacturing, or product development. For securitization entities, we have the power to direct significant activities when we have the ability to exercise discretion in the servicing of financial assets, issue additional debt, exercise a unilateral call option, add assets to revolving structures, or control investment decisions.
Certain of our affiliates are VIEs in which we are not the primary beneficiary. Our maximum exposure to any potential losses associated with these unconsolidated affiliates is limited to our equity investments, accounts receivable, loans, and guaranteesWe account for all securitization transactions as if they were secured financing and therefore the assets, liabilities, and related activity of these transactions are consolidated in our financial statements. See Note 18 for additional information on the accounting for asset-backed debt and the assets securing this debt.
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Guarantees, Indemnifications and Warranties Policies [Policy Text Block] Financial Guarantees. Financial guarantees and indemnifications are recorded at fair value at their inception. Subsequent to initial recognition, the guarantee liability is adjusted at each reporting period to reflect the current estimate of expected payments resulting from possible default events over the remaining life of the guarantee.Non-Financial Guarantees. Non-financial guarantees and indemnifications are recorded at fair value at their inception. We regularly review our performance risk under these arrangements, and in the event it becomes probable we will be required to perform under a guarantee or indemnity, the amount of probable payment is recorded.
Warranty and Field Service Actions

We accrue the estimated cost of both base warranty coverages and field service actions at the time of sale. We establish our estimate of base warranty obligations using a patterned estimation model, using historical information regarding the nature, frequency, and average cost of claims for each vehicle line by model year. We establish our estimates of field service action obligations using a patterned estimation model, using historical information regarding the nature, frequency, severity, and average cost of claims for each model year. In addition, from time to time, we issue extended warranties at our expense, the estimated cost of which is accrued at the time of issuance. Warranty and field service action obligations are reported in Other liabilities and deferred revenue. We reevaluate the adequacy of our accruals on a regular basis.

We recognize the benefit from a recovery of the costs associated with our warranty and field service actions when specifics of the recovery have been agreed with our supplier and the amount of recovery is virtually certain. Recoveries are reported in Trade and other receivables, net and Other assets.
Commitments and Contingencies, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Litigation and Claims

Various legal actions, proceedings, and claims (generally, “matters”) are pending or may be instituted or asserted against us. These include, but are not limited to, matters arising out of alleged defects in our products; product warranties; governmental regulations relating to safety, emissions, and fuel economy or other matters; government incentives; tax matters, including trade and customs; alleged illegal acts resulting in fines or penalties; financial services; employment-related matters; dealer, supplier, and other contractual relationships; intellectual property rights; environmental matters; shareholder or investor matters; and financial reporting matters. Certain of the pending legal actions are, or purport to be, class actions. Some of the matters involve or may involve claims for compensatory, punitive, or antitrust or other treble damages in very large amounts, or demands for field service actions, environmental remediation programs, sanctions, loss of government incentives, assessments, or other relief, which, if granted, would require very large expenditures.

The extent of our financial exposure to these matters is difficult to estimate. Many matters do not specify a dollar amount for damages, and many others specify only a jurisdictional minimum. To the extent an amount is asserted, our historical experience suggests that in most instances the amount asserted is not a reliable indicator of the ultimate outcome.

We accrue for matters when losses are deemed probable and reasonably estimable. In evaluating matters for accrual and disclosure purposes, we take into consideration factors such as our historical experience with matters of a similar nature, the specific facts and circumstances asserted, the likelihood that we will prevail, and the severity of any potential loss. We reevaluate and update our accruals as matters progress over time.

For the majority of matters, which generally arise out of alleged defects in our products, we establish an accrual based on our extensive historical experience with similar matters. We do not believe there is a reasonably possible outcome materially in excess of our accrual for these matters.
For the remaining matters, where our historical experience with similar matters is of more limited value (i.e., “non-pattern matters”), we evaluate the matters primarily based on the individual facts and circumstances. For non-pattern matters, we evaluate whether there is a reasonable possibility of a material loss in excess of any accrual that can be estimated.
As noted, the litigation process is subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of individual matters is not predictable with assurance. Our assessments are based on our knowledge and experience, but the ultimate outcome of any matter could require payment substantially in excess of the amount that we have accrued and/or disclosed.
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Reporting, Policy [Policy Text Block]
We report segment information consistent with the way our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), our President and Chief Executive Officer, evaluates the operating results and performance of the Company. Accordingly, for 2024, we analyze the results of our business through the following reportable segments: Ford Blue, Ford Model e, Ford Pro, Ford Next, and Ford Credit.
Ford Blue Segment

Ford Blue primarily includes the sale of Ford and Lincoln internal combustion engine (“ICE”) and hybrid vehicles, service parts, accessories, and digital services for retail customers, together with the associated costs of development, manufacture, and distribution of the vehicles, parts, accessories, and services. This segment focuses on developing Ford and Lincoln ICE and hybrid vehicles. Additionally, this segment provides hardware engineering and manufacturing capabilities to Ford Model e and manufactures vehicles on behalf of Ford Pro and, in certain cases, Ford Model e. Ford Blue also includes:
•All sales for markets not presently in scope for Ford Model e or Ford Pro (as further described below)
•In markets outside of the United States and Canada, sales to commercial, government, and rental customers of ICE and hybrid vehicles not considered core to Ford Pro
•Sales of electric vehicles (“EVs”) by our unconsolidated affiliates in China
•All sales of vehicles manufactured and sold to other OEMs

Ford Model e Segment

Ford Model e primarily includes the sale of our electric vehicles, service parts, accessories, and digital services for retail customers, together with the associated costs of development, manufacture, and distribution of the vehicles, parts, accessories, and services. This segment focuses on developing EV and digital vehicle technologies, as well as software development. Additionally, Ford Model e provides software and connected vehicle technologies on behalf of the enterprise, and manufactures certain EVs, including for Ford Pro. Ford Model e operates in North America, Europe, and China. Ford Model e also includes EV and related sales not considered core to Ford Pro to commercial, government, and rental customers in Europe, China, and Mexico.

Ford Pro Segment

Ford Pro primarily includes the sale of Ford and Lincoln vehicles, service parts, accessories, and services for commercial, government, and rental customers. Included in this segment are sales of all core Ford Pro vehicles, such as Super Duty and the Transit range of vans in North America and Europe and all sales of Ranger in Europe. In the United States and Canada, Ford Pro also includes all vehicle sales to commercial, government, and rental customers. This segment focuses on selling ICE, hybrid, and electric vehicles, and providing digital and physical services to optimize and maintain fleets, including telematics and EV charging solutions. This segment reflects external sales of vehicles produced by Ford Blue and Ford Model e and the costs (including intersegment markup) associated with acquiring vehicles for sale and providing services. Ford Pro operates in North America and Europe.

Ford Next Segment

The Ford Next segment primarily includes expenses and investments for emerging business initiatives aimed at creating value for Ford in vehicle-adjacent market segments. 

Ford Credit Segment

The Ford Credit segment is comprised of the Ford Credit business on a consolidated basis, which is primarily vehicle-related financing and leasing activities.
NOTE 25. SEGMENT INFORMATION (Continued)

Corporate Other

Corporate Other primarily includes corporate governance expenses, past service pension and OPEB income and expense, interest income (excluding Ford Credit interest income and interest earned on our extended service contract
portfolio) and gains and losses from our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities (excluding gains and losses on investments in equity securities), and foreign exchange derivatives gains and losses associated with intercompany lending. Corporate governance expenses are primarily administrative, delivering benefit on behalf of the global enterprise, that are not allocated to operating segments. These include expenses related to setting and directing global policy, providing oversight and stewardship, and promoting the Company’s interests. Corporate Other assets include: cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, tax related assets, defined benefit pension plan net assets, and other assets managed centrally.

Interest on Debt

Interest on Debt is presented as a separate reconciling item and consists of interest expense on Company debt excluding Ford Credit.

Special Items

Special Items are presented as a separate reconciling item. They consist of (i) pension and OPEB remeasurement gains and losses, (ii) gains and losses on investments in equity securities, (iii) significant personnel expenses, supplier- and dealer-related costs, and facility-related charges stemming from our efforts to match production capacity and cost structure to market demand and changing model mix, and (iv) other items that we do not necessarily consider to be indicative of earnings from ongoing operating activities. Our management ordinarily excludes these items from its review of the results of the operating segments for purposes of measuring segment profitability and allocating resources. We also report these special items separately to help investors track amounts related to these activities and to allow investors analyzing our results to identify certain infrequent significant items that they may wish to exclude when considering the trend of ongoing operating results.

CODM Evaluation of the Business

When we report segment earnings before interest and taxes (“Segment EBIT”) for each of the Ford Blue, Ford Model e, Ford Pro, and Ford Next segments, it consists of the earnings for the particular segment and does not include interest and taxes. Ford Credit segment earnings include interest and exclude taxes (“Segment EBT”). Each segment’s EBIT/EBT also excludes the results reported in Corporate Other and Special Items. For the Ford Blue, Ford Model e, and Ford Pro segments, our CODM reviews Segment EBIT and Segment EBIT margin, as well as market share, revenue, and wholesale volume to evaluate performance and allocate resources, predominately in the budgeting, planning, and forecasting processes. For Segment EBIT, our CODM reviews the year-over-year change in EBIT, sequential change in EBIT, and change in EBIT from internal forecasts/budgets. Revenue and certain of our costs, such as material costs, generally vary directly with changes in volume and mix of vehicles. As a result, our CODM reviews the EBIT impact driven by changes in volume and mix, the EBIT impact driven by changes in exchange, and the EBIT impact driven by changes in net pricing and cost categories at constant volume and mix and/or exchange. For the Ford Next segment, our CODM reviews segment EBIT to evaluate performance. For the Ford Credit segment, our CODM reviews Segment EBT to evaluate performance and allocate resources. Expense information is provided to and reviewed by the CODM on a consolidated basis to evaluate cost efficiency and company level performance.
NOTE 25. SEGMENT INFORMATION (Continued)

Segment Revenue, Cost, and Asset Principles for Ford Blue, Ford Model e, and Ford Pro

External vehicle and digital services revenue is generally vehicle-specific and included in the segment responsible for the external vehicle sale. A majority of parts and accessories revenue and cost is attributed to customer sales channels or vehicle lines based on recent end customer sales and is included in the respective segment.

In the normal course of business, Ford Blue, Ford Model e, and Ford Pro transact between segments and cooperate to leverage synergies, including developing and manufacturing vehicles on behalf of another segment. When one segment produces a vehicle that is sold externally by another segment, an intersegment transaction occurs. The producing segment will report intersegment revenue to recoup the costs associated with the unit produced. This includes material cost, labor and overhead (including depreciation and amortization), inbound freight, and an intersegment markup. The intersegment markup amount is set to deliver a competitive return to the producing segment for its manufacturing and distribution service. Costs are reflected in the associated segment externally reporting the vehicle sale, as detailed in the table below:

Income Statement ElementsExamplesSegment Reporting
Costs specific to a particular vehicleBill of material cost and initial warranty accrualReported in the segment externally selling the vehicle
Costs identifiable by product lineManufacturing and logistics costs, depreciation & amortization expense, direct research & development costsTypically identifiable to the product line or production location. Reported in the segment externally selling the vehicle, based on relative volume
Shared costsSelling, general & administrative expense, and indirect/cross product line research & development costsTypically shared across all segments, generally based on relative volume. Certain costs clearly linked to a segment are reported in the specific segment
Intersegment markup for intersegment vehicle transactionsContract manufacturing and distribution feesReported in the segment externally selling the vehicle, for each applicable vehicle transaction

Assets are reported in each segment, aligned to the appropriate operational responsibility. Manufacturing assets, e.g., our plants and the machinery and equipment therein, are included in our Ford Blue and Ford Model e segments. Manufacturing assets producing only, or primarily, EVs and related components are reflected in Ford Model e. Manufacturing assets that support the production of ICE and hybrid vehicles, including those producing ICE and electric in the same facility, are included in Ford Blue. Vendor tooling dedicated to producing EV parts is reported in Ford Model e.
Purchased regulatory credit compliance assets are reported in Ford Blue. There are no Ford manufacturing, vendor tooling, or regulatory credit compliance assets reported in Ford Pro. Depreciation and amortization expense is reflected on the basis of production volume. Regulatory compliance credit expense is allocated by vehicle line between Ford Blue and Ford Pro segments. Regardless of the segment reporting the asset, the related expenses are reported in the segment that reports the external vehicle sale.

Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies is included in Income/(Loss) before income taxes, based primarily on which segment the entity supports or has the majority of the entity’s purchases or sales. The table below shows the segment reporting for our most significant unconsolidated entities:

Ford BlueFord Model eFord Pro
∘ Changan Ford Automobile Corporation, Ltd. (“CAF”)
∘ BlueOval SK, LLC
∘ Ford Otomotiv Sanayi Anonim Sirketi (“Ford Otosan”)
∘ Jiangling Motors Corporation, Ltd. (“JMC”)
∘ AutoAlliance (Thailand) Co., Ltd. (“AAT”)
NOTE 25.  SEGMENT INFORMATION (Continued)
We report revenue on a “where-sold” basis, which reflects the revenue within the country in which the ultimate sale or financing is made to our external customer.
Trade, Notes, and Other Accounts Receivable Policy
Trade, Notes, and Other Receivables

Trade, notes, and other receivables consist primarily of receivables from contracts with customers for the sale of vehicles, parts, and accessories. The current portion of trade and notes receivables is reported in Trade and other receivables, net. The non-current portion of notes receivables is reported in Other assets. Trade receivables are typically outstanding for 30 days or less, are recorded at their contractual value and do not bear interest. Notes receivable are recorded at their amortized cost using the effective interest method.
Each reporting period, we evaluate the collectibility of the trade and notes receivables and record an allowance for credit losses representing our estimate of the expected losses that result from all possible default events over the expected life of the receivables. Additions to the allowance for credit losses are made by recording charges to bad debt expense reported in Selling, administrative, and other expenses and Cost of sales. Trade and notes receivables are written off against the allowance for credit losses when the account is deemed to be uncollectible.
Government Assistance
Government Incentives

We receive incentives from U.S. and non-U.S. governmental entities in the form of tax rebates or credits, grants, and loans. Government incentives are recorded in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with their purpose as a reduction of expense or as other income. The benefit is generally recorded when all conditions attached to the incentive have been met and there is reasonable assurance of receipt. Government incentives related to capital investment are recognized in Net Property as a reduction to the net book value of the related asset. The incentives are recognized over the life of the asset as a reduction to depreciation and amortization expense.
Advertising Cost, Policy [Policy Text Block] Advertising costs are reported in Selling, administrative, and other expenses and are expensed as incurred.
Emission Credits or Allowances, Policy
Regulatory Compliance Credits

When we are not able to meet regulatory compliance requirements through the sales mix of our products, compliance credits may be purchased and/or, in some cases, fines or penalties may be paid. Compliance credits are recorded as Other assets upon delivery. Once an asset is recorded, it must be monitored for recoverability at least quarterly.

When it is probable and estimable that the mix of vehicles sold will not meet regulatory compliance requirements and will result in a compliance shortfall during the compliance period (e.g., model year, calendar year), we recognize a liability and related expense. The liability reflects an estimate of the cost of compliance credits and/or fines expected to be incurred to settle a compliance shortfall.

The asset and liability remain on our balance sheet until final certification from the applicable governmental regulatory agency is received.
v3.25.0.1
New Accounting Standards Adoption (Policies)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]
ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting, Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. We adopted the new standard and applied the amendments retrospectively to all prior periods presented in our consolidated financial statements. The standard requires disclosure of any significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (”CODM”) for each reportable segment. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of an amount for “other segment items” by reportable segment and a description of its composition. The standard also requires all annual disclosures about a reporting segment’s profit or loss and assets to be provided on an interim basis, beginning in 2025. Adoption of the new standard did not impact our consolidated balance sheets or income statements or have a material impact on our financial statement disclosures. Refer to Note 25 for the incremental disclosures required under the standard.
v3.25.0.1
Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue (Policies)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue [Abstract]  
Revenue, Transaction Price Measurement, Tax Exclusion Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. For the majority of sales, this occurs when products are shipped from our manufacturing facilities. However, we defer a portion of the consideration received when there is a separate future or stand-ready performance obligation, such as extended service contracts or ongoing vehicle connectivity. Sales, value-added, and other taxes we collect concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue.
Revenue [Policy Text Block]
Company Excluding Ford Credit
Vehicles, Parts, and Accessories. For the majority of vehicles, parts, and accessories, we transfer control and recognize a sale when we ship the product from our manufacturing facility to our customer (dealers and distributors). We receive cash equal to the invoice price for most vehicle sales at the time of wholesale. When the vehicle sale is financed by our wholly-owned subsidiary Ford Credit, the dealer is obligated to pay Ford Credit when it sells the vehicle to the retail customer (see Note 10). Payment terms on part sales to dealers, distributors, and retailers generally range from 30 to 120 days. The amount of consideration we receive and revenue we recognize varies with changes in return rights, marketing incentives we offer to our customers and their customers, and other pricing adjustments. When we give our dealers the right to return eligible parts and accessories, we estimate the expected returns based on an analysis of historical experience. Estimates of marketing incentives and other pricing adjustments are based on our expectation of retail and fleet sales volumes, mix of products to be sold, competitor actions, and incentive programs to be offered. Customer acceptance of products and programs, as well as other market conditions, will impact these estimates. We adjust our estimate of revenue at the earlier of when the value of consideration we expect to receive changes or when the consideration becomes fixed.
We have elected to recognize the cost for freight and shipping when control over vehicles, parts, or accessories has transferred to the customer as an expense in Cost of sales.

We sell vehicles to daily rental companies and may guarantee that we will pay them the difference between an agreed amount and the value they are able to realize upon resale. At the time of transfer of vehicles to the daily rental companies, we record the probable amount we will pay under the guarantee to Other liabilities and deferred revenue (see Note 24).

Used Vehicles. We sell used vehicles both at auction and through our consolidated dealerships. Proceeds from the sale of these vehicles are recognized in Company excluding Ford Credit revenues upon transfer of control of the vehicle to the customer, and the related vehicle carrying value is recognized in Cost of sales.

Services and other revenue. For separate or stand-ready performance obligations that are included as part of the vehicle consideration received (e.g., free extended service contracts, vehicle connectivity, over-the-air updates), we use an observable price to determine the stand-alone selling price or, when one is not available, we use a cost-plus margin approach. We also sell separately priced service contracts that extend mechanical and maintenance coverages beyond our base warranty agreements to vehicle owners. We receive payment at contract inception and the contracts generally range from 12 to 120 months. We recognize revenue for vehicle service contracts that extend mechanical and maintenance coverages beyond our base warranties over the term of the agreement in proportion to the costs we expect to incur in satisfying the contract obligations. Revenue related to other future or stand-ready performance obligations is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the period in which services are expected to be performed.
We record a premium deficiency reserve to the extent we estimate the future costs associated with extended service contracts exceed the unrecognized revenue. Amounts paid to dealers to obtain these contracts are deferred and recorded as Other assets. These costs are amortized to expense consistent with how the related revenue is recognized.
We also receive other revenue related to vehicle-related design and testing services we perform for others, various Ford Next operations, and net commissions for serving as the agent in facilitating the sale of a third party’s products or services to our customers. We have applied the practical expedient to recognize Company excluding Ford Credit revenues for vehicle-related design and testing services over the term of the related agreements (generally two to three years) in proportion to the amount we have the right to invoice.

Leasing Income. We earn income from operating lease assets and record the income on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease agreement.

Ford Credit Segment

Leasing Income. Ford Credit offers leasing plans to retail consumers through Ford and Lincoln brand dealers that originate the leases. Ford Credit records an operating lease upon purchase of a vehicle subject to a lease from the dealer. The retail consumer makes lease payments representing the difference between Ford Credit’s purchase price of the vehicle and the contractual residual value of the vehicle plus lease fees, which we recognize on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease agreement. Depreciation and the gain or loss upon disposition of the vehicle is recorded in Ford Credit interest, operating, and other expenses.

Financing Income. Ford Credit originates and purchases finance installment contracts. Financing income represents interest earned on the finance receivables (including sales-type and direct financing leases). Interest is recognized using the interest method and includes the amortization of certain direct origination costs.

Insurance Income. Income from insurance contracts is recognized evenly over the term of the agreement. Insurance commission revenue is recognized on a net basis at the time of sale of the third party’s product or service to our customer.
v3.25.0.1
Compensation Related Costs, Share Based Payments (Policies)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Policy Text Block]
Under our Long-Term Incentive Plans, we may issue restricted stock units (“RSUs”), restricted stock shares (“RSSs”), and stock options. RSUs and RSSs consist of time-based and performance-based awards. The number of shares that may be granted in any year is limited to 2% of our issued and outstanding Common Stock as of December 31 of the prior calendar year. The limit may be increased up to 3% in any year, with a corresponding reduction in shares available for grants in future years. Granted RSUs generally cliff vest or ratably vest over a three-year service period. Performance-based RSUs can be based on internal financial performance metrics or total shareholder return relative to a peer group or a combination of the two metrics. At the time of vest, RSU awards are net settled (i.e., shares are withheld to cover the employee tax obligation). Stock options ratably vest over a three-year service period and expire ten years from the grant date.
The fair value of both the time-based and the internal performance metrics portion of the performance-based RSUs and RSSs is determined using the closing price of our Common Stock at grant date. For awards that include a market condition, we measure the fair value using a Monte Carlo simulation.
Time-based RSUs generally have a graded vesting feature whereby one-third of each grant vests after the first anniversary of the grant date, one-third after the second anniversary, and one-third after the third anniversary. The graded vesting method recognizes expense over the service period for each separately-vesting tranche, which results in accelerated recognition of expense. The fair value of time-based RSUs, RSSs, and stock options is expensed over the shorter of each separate vesting period, using the graded vesting method, or the time period an employee becomes eligible to retain the award at retirement. The fair value of performance-based RSUs and RSSs is expensed when it is probable and estimable as measured against the performance metrics over the shorter of the performance or required service periods. We measure the fair value of our stock options on the date of grant using either the Black-Scholes option-pricing model (for options without a market condition) or a Monte Carlo simulation (for options with a market condition). We have elected to recognize forfeitures as an adjustment to compensation expense for all RSUs, RSSs, and stock options in the same period as the forfeitures occur. Expense is recorded in Selling, administrative, and other expenses and Cost of sales, as incurred.
The performance-based RSUs granted in March 2022, 2023, and 2024 include a relative Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) metric.
v3.25.0.1
Fair Value Measures and Disclosures (Policies)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Credit Loss, Financial Instrument We determine credit losses on AFS debt securities using the specific identification method.
v3.25.0.1
Ford Credit Finance Receivables Classification (Policies)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Receivables [Abstract]  
Financing Receivable, Held-for-investment [Policy Text Block] Finance receivables are accounted for as held for investment (“HFI”) if Ford Credit has the intent and ability to hold the receivables for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff. The determination of intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future is highly judgmental and requires Ford Credit to make good faith estimates based on all information available at the time of origination or purchase.
Held-for-Investment. Finance receivables classified as HFI are recorded at the time of origination or purchase at fair value and are subsequently reported at amortized cost, net of any allowance for credit losses. Cash flows from finance receivables, excluding wholesale and other receivables, that were originally classified as HFI are recorded as an investing activity since GAAP requires the statement of cash flows presentation to be based on the original classification of the receivables. Cash flows from wholesale and other receivables are recorded as an operating activity.
Financing Receivable, Held-for-sale [Policy Text Block]
Held-for-Sale. Finance receivables classified as HFS are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. Cash flows resulting from the origination or purchase and sale of HFS receivables are recorded as an operating activity in Decrease/(Increase) in finance receivables (wholesale and other). Once a decision has been made to sell receivables that were originally classified as HFI, the receivables are reclassified as HFS and carried at the lower of cost or fair value. The valuation adjustment, if applicable, is recorded in Other income/(loss), net to recognize the receivables at the lower of cost or fair value.
Finance Loans and Leases Receivable, Policy [Policy Text Block] Finance receivables are recorded at the time of origination or purchase at fair value and are subsequently reported at amortized cost, net of any allowance for credit losses.
v3.25.0.1
Inventories Inventories (Policies)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]  
Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block] All inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost of our inventories is determined by costing methods that approximate a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis.
v3.25.0.1
Investments, Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Policies)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]  
Equity Method Investments [Policy Text Block]
We use the equity method of accounting for our investments in entities over which we do not have control, but over whose operating and financial policies we are able to exercise significant influence.
v3.25.0.1
Lease Commitments Narrative (Policies)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]  
Lessee, Leases [Policy Text Block]
We lease land, dealership facilities, offices, distribution centers, warehouses, and equipment under agreements with contractual periods ranging from less than one year to 40 years. Many of our leases contain one or more options to extend. In certain dealership lease agreements, we are the tenant and we sublease the site to a dealer. In the event the sublease is terminated, we have the option to terminate the head lease. We include options that we are reasonably certain to exercise in our evaluation of the lease term after considering all relevant economic and financial factors.

Leases that are economically similar to the purchase of an asset are classified as finance leases. The leased (“right-of-use”) assets in finance lease arrangements are reported in Net property on our consolidated balance sheets. Otherwise, the leases are classified as operating leases and reported in Other assets in the non-current assets section of our consolidated balance sheets. We also recognize in Net property “build-to-suit” arrangements during the construction period where we are involved in the construction or design of the asset and are considered the accounting owner. We do not recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term of 12 months or less. These lease payments are amortized to expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We have also entered into manufacturing contracts where Ford’s portion of the output is expected to be significant. As a result, there are embedded leases, and related liabilities, that are reported as part of our financial statements, typically upon commencement of production.
Lessee, Operating Leases [Text Block] Otherwise, the leases are classified as operating leases and reported in Other assets in the non-current assets section of our consolidated balance sheets. We also recognize in Net property “build-to-suit” arrangements during the construction period where we are involved in the construction or design of the asset and are considered the accounting owner. We do not recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term of 12 months or less. These lease payments are amortized to expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We have also entered into manufacturing contracts where Ford’s portion of the output is expected to be significant. As a result, there are embedded leases, and related liabilities, that are reported as part of our financial statements, typically upon commencement of production.
Separation of Lease and Nonlease Components [Policy Text Block]
For the majority of our leases, we do not separate the non-lease components (e.g., maintenance and operating services) from the lease components to which they relate. Instead, non-lease components are included in the measurement of the lease liabilities. However, we do separate lease and non-lease components for contracts containing a significant service component (e.g., energy performance contracts). We calculate the initial lease liability as the present value of fixed payments not yet paid and variable payments that are based on a market rate or an index (e.g., CPI), measured at commencement. The majority of our leases are discounted using our incremental borrowing rate because the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. All other variable payments are expensed as incurred.
v3.25.0.1
Debt (Policies)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Debt, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Our debt consists of short-term and long-term secured and unsecured debt securities, and secured and unsecured borrowings from banks and other lenders.  Debt issuances are placed directly by us or through securities dealers or underwriters and are held by institutional and retail investors.  In addition, Ford Credit sponsors securitization programs that provide short-term and long-term asset-backed financing through institutional investors in the U.S. and international capital markets.

Debt is reported on our consolidated balance sheets at par value adjusted for unamortized discount or premium, unamortized issuance costs, and adjustments related to designated fair value hedging (see Note 19). Discounts, premiums, and costs directly related to the issuance of debt are capitalized and amortized over the life of the debt or to the put date and are recorded in interest expense using the effective interest method. Gains and losses on the extinguishment of debt are recorded in Other income/(loss), net.
v3.25.0.1
Restructuring and Related Activities (Policies)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities or Restructurings, Policy
We generally record costs associated with voluntary separations at the time of employee acceptance. We record costs associated with involuntary separation programs when management has approved the plan for separation, the affected employees are identified, and it is unlikely that actions required to complete the separation plan will change significantly. Costs associated with benefits that are contingent on the employee continuing to provide service are accrued over the required service period.

Company Excluding Ford Credit
Employee separation actions and exit and disposal activities include employee separation costs, facility and other asset-related charges (e.g., impairment, accelerated depreciation), dealer and supplier payments, other statutory and contractual obligations, and other expenses, which are recorded in Cost of sales and Selling, administrative, and other expenses.
v3.25.0.1
Presentation (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Schedule of Related Party Transaction Impacting Balance Sheet [Table Text Block] Additional detail regarding certain of those transactions is below (in billions):
 December 31, 2023December 31, 2024
Balance Sheet
Trade and other receivables (a)$9.2 $8.2 
Unearned interest supplements and residual support (b)(4.6)(6.5)
Other (c)1.6 2.2 
__________
(a)Ford Blue, Ford Model e, and Ford Pro receivables (generated primarily from vehicle and parts sales to third parties) sold to Ford Credit.  
(b)Ford Blue, Ford Model e, and Ford Pro pay amounts to Ford Credit at the point of retail financing or lease origination, which represent interest supplements and residual support.
(c)Includes a sale-leaseback agreement between Ford Blue and Ford Credit relating primarily to vehicles that we lease to our employees.
v3.25.0.1
Summary of Accounting Policies (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Schedule of Other Costs [Table Text Block] Engineering, research, development, and advertising expenses for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in billions):
 202220232024
Engineering, research, and development$7.8 $8.2 $8.0 
Advertising2.2 2.5 2.8 
Supplier Finance Program
The rollforward of SCF obligations for the years ended December 31 was as follows (in millions):
20232024
Outstanding at the beginning of the year$253 $220 
Invoices received during the year1,778 1,522 
Invoices settled during the year(1,811)(1,570)
Outstanding at the end of the year$220 $172 
v3.25.0.1
Revenue (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
DisaggregationOfRevenue
The following tables disaggregate our revenue by major source for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
2022
Company excluding Ford CreditFord CreditConsolidated
Vehicles, parts, and accessories$144,471 $— $144,471 
Used vehicles1,719 — 1,719 
Services and other revenue (a)2,688 100 2,788 
Revenues from sales and services
148,878 100 148,978 
Leasing income201 4,569 4,770 
Financing income— 4,254 4,254 
Insurance income— 55 55 
Total revenues$149,079 $8,978 $158,057 
2023
Company excluding Ford CreditFord CreditConsolidated
Vehicles, parts, and accessories$161,052 $— $161,052 
Used vehicles1,873 — 1,873 
Services and other revenue (a)2,797 105 2,902 
Revenues from sales and services
165,722 105 165,827 
Leasing income179 4,105 4,284 
Financing income— 5,980 5,980 
Insurance income— 100 100 
Total revenues$165,901 $10,290 $176,191 
2024
Company excluding Ford CreditFord CreditConsolidated
Vehicles, parts, and accessories$167,218 $— $167,218 
Used vehicles2,175 — 2,175 
Services and other revenue (a)3,099 104 3,203 
Revenues from sales and services
172,492 104 172,596 
Leasing income214 4,217 4,431 
Financing income— 7,819 7,819 
Insurance income— 146 146 
Total revenues$172,706 $12,286 $184,992 
__________
(a)Includes extended service contract revenue.
v3.25.0.1
Other Income (Loss) (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]  
Schedule of Other Nonoperating Income (Expense) [Table Text Block]
The amounts included in Other income/(loss), net for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 202220232024
Net periodic pension and OPEB income/(cost), excluding service cost (Note 16)
$1,336 $(2,494)$411 
Investment-related interest income639 1,567 1,540 
Interest income/(expense) on income taxes
(23)(16)(21)
Realized and unrealized gains/(losses) on cash equivalents, marketable securities, and other investments (a)(7,518)(205)(42)
Gains/(Losses) on changes in investments in affiliates (Note 20 and Note 21)
(147)9 78 
Royalty income483 477 503 
Other80 59 (18)
Total$(5,150)$(603)$2,451 
__________
(a)    Includes a $7.4 billion loss and $31 million loss on our Rivian investment during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.
v3.25.0.1
Share-Based Compensation (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Fair And Intrinsic Value Of Restricted Stock Units [Table Text Block]
The fair value of vested RSUs and RSSs as well as the compensation cost for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 202220232024
Fair value of vested shares$252 $303 $522 
Compensation cost (a)223 356 411 
__________
(a)    Net of tax benefit of $113 million, $104 million, and $100 million in 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively.
Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block] Inputs and assumptions used to calculate the fair value at grant date through a Monte Carlo simulation were as follows:
 202220232024
Fair value per stock award$18.10 $18.57 $18.50 
Grant date stock price16.85 13.08 12.74 
Assumptions:
Ford’s stock price expected volatility (a)44.8 %49.5 %41.9 %
Expected average volatility of peer companies (a)39.6 49.6 40.7 
Risk-free interest rate1.62 4.57 4.43 
__________
(a)Expected volatility based on three years of daily closing share price changes ending on the grant date.
Restricted Stock Units Activity [Table Text Block]
During 2024, activity for RSUs and RSSs was as follows (in millions, except for weighted-average fair value):
 SharesWeighted-
Average
Fair Value
Outstanding, beginning of year80.6 $13.86 
Granted (a)61.8 12.49 
Vested (a)(41.9)12.45 
Forfeited(4.8)13.62 
Outstanding, end of year (b)95.7 13.44 
__________
(a)Includes shares awarded to non-employee directors.
(b)Excludes 1,285,271 non-employee director shares that were vested but unissued at December 31, 2024.
v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Components of income tax [Table Text Block]
Components of income taxes excluding cumulative effects of changes in accounting principles, other comprehensive income/(loss), and equity in net results of affiliated companies accounted for after-tax for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
 202220232024
Income/(Loss) before income taxes (in millions)
   
U.S.$(6,548)$3,395 $3,424 
Non-U.S.3,532 572 3,809 
Total$(3,016)$3,967 $7,233 
Provision for/(Benefit from) income taxes (in millions) 
Current 
Federal$68 $62 $78 
Non-U.S.781 948 791 
State and local123 229 107 
Total current972 1,239 976 
Deferred 
Federal(2,292)(413)25 
Non-U.S.688 (1,149)303 
State and local(232)(39)35 
Total deferred(1,836)(1,601)363 
Total$(864)$(362)$1,339 
Reconciliation of effective tax rate 
U.S. statutory tax rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
Non-U.S. tax rate differential(8.7)(3.4)2.9 
State and local income taxes2.3 1.9 1.7 
General business credits13.0 (15.9)(5.9)
Nontaxable foreign currency gains and losses(4.2)— — 
Dispositions and restructurings (a)(7.0)(14.7)— 
U.S. tax on non-U.S. earnings2.8 7.7 (0.2)
Prior year settlements and claims1.5 1.2 0.1 
Tax incentives2.0 (3.9)(2.2)
Enacted change in tax laws(2.0)0.1 0.4 
Valuation allowances6.2 (0.7)(1.0)
Other1.7 (2.4)1.7 
Effective tax rate28.6 %(9.1)%18.5 %
__________
(a)2023 includes benefits of $610 million associated with legal entity restructuring within our leasing operations and China.
Components of deferred tax assets and liabilities [Table Text Block]
The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 20232024
Deferred tax assets  
Net operating loss carryforwards$7,262 $7,458 
Tax credit carryforwards8,944 7,993 
Research expenditures3,799 4,873 
Dealer and dealers’ customer allowances and claims2,752 3,498 
Employee benefit plans2,470 2,010 
Other foreign deferred tax assets3,456 2,691 
All other2,299 1,995 
Total gross deferred tax assets30,982 30,518 
Less: Valuation allowances(4,187)(3,856)
Total net deferred tax assets26,795 26,662 
Deferred tax liabilities 
Leasing transactions3,253 3,523 
Depreciation and amortization (excluding leasing transactions)3,389 3,590 
Finance receivables699 524 
Other foreign deferred tax liabilities1,255 1,381 
All other2,219 2,343 
Total deferred tax liabilities10,815 11,361 
Net deferred tax assets/(liabilities)$15,980 $15,301 
Summary of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward [Table Text Block]
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 20232024
Beginning balance$2,939 $2,913 
Increase – tax positions in prior periods103 512 
Increase – tax positions in current period45 11 
Decrease – tax positions in prior periods(79)(775)
Settlements(115)(13)
Lapse of statute of limitations(33)(5)
Foreign currency translation adjustment53 (103)
Ending balance$2,913 $2,540 
v3.25.0.1
Capital Stock and Earnings Per Share (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]
Basic and diluted income/(loss) per share were calculated using the following (in millions):
 202220232024
Net income/(loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company$(1,981)$4,347 $5,879 
Basic and Diluted Shares
Basic shares (average shares outstanding)4,014 3,998 3,978 
Net dilutive options, unvested restricted stock units, unvested restricted stock shares, and convertible debt (a)— 43 43 
Diluted shares4,014 4,041 4,021 
__________
(a)    In 2022, there were 42 million shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings/(loss) per share due to their anti-dilutive effect.
v3.25.0.1
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]
The fair values of cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows (in millions):
December 31, 2023
 Fair Value LevelCompany excluding Ford CreditFord CreditConsolidated
Cash and cash equivalents  
U.S. government1$2,320 $912 $3,232 
U.S. government agencies22,075 625 2,700 
Non-U.S. government and agencies2699 276 975 
Corporate debt21,617 101 1,718 
Total marketable securities classified as cash equivalents
6,711 1,914 8,625 
Cash, time deposits, and money market funds7,493 8,744 16,237 
Total cash and cash equivalents$14,204 $10,658 $24,862 
 
Marketable securities
U.S. government1$4,467 $207 $4,674 
U.S. government agencies21,774 49 1,823 
Non-U.S. government and agencies22,096 109 2,205 
Corporate debt25,807 268 6,075 
Equities123 — 23 
Other marketable securities2353 156 509 
Total marketable securities$14,520 $789 $15,309 
Restricted cash$111 $137 $248 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - held-for-sale$— $— $— 
December 31, 2024
Fair Value
 Level		Company excluding Ford CreditFord CreditConsolidated
Cash and cash equivalents
U.S. government1$1,099 $854 $1,953 
U.S. government agencies22,529 400 2,929 
Non-U.S. government and agencies21,073 370 1,443 
Corporate debt2659 339 998 
Total marketable securities classified as cash equivalents
5,360 1,963 7,323 
Cash, time deposits, and money market funds8,303 7,309 15,612 
Total cash and cash equivalents$13,663 $9,272 $22,935 
 
Marketable securities
U.S. government1$3,530 $185 $3,715 
U.S. government agencies21,691 — 1,691 
Non-U.S. government and agencies22,272 79 2,351 
Corporate debt26,676 252 6,928 
Equities122 — 22 
Other marketable securities2516 190 706 
Total marketable securities$14,707 $706 $15,413 
Restricted cash$120 $88 $208 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - held-for-sale (Note 21)
$47 $— $47 
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value [Table Text Block]
The present fair values and gross unrealized losses for cash equivalents and marketable securities accounted for as AFS securities that were in an unrealized loss position, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position, were as follows (in millions):
December 31, 2023
Less than 1 Year1 Year or GreaterTotal
 Fair ValueUnrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized Losses
Company excluding Ford Credit  
U.S. government$619 $(2)$2,735 $(64)$3,354 $(66)
U.S. government agencies283 (1)1,068 (61)1,351 (62)
Non-U.S. government and agencies67 — 1,654 (75)1,721 (75)
Corporate debt2,608 (2)2,192 (65)4,800 (67)
Other marketable securities26 — 122 (4)148 (4)
Total
$3,603 $(5)$7,771 $(269)$11,374 $(274)
 
December 31, 2024
Less than 1 Year1 Year or GreaterTotal
Fair ValueUnrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized Losses
Company excluding Ford Credit
U.S. government$2,500 $(17)$431 $(10)$2,931 $(27)
U.S. government agencies423 (1)893 (29)1,316 (30)
Non-U.S. government and agencies666 (7)1,060 (32)1,726 (39)
Corporate debt2,366 (10)568 (11)2,934 (21)
Other marketable securities67 — 68 (1)135 (1)
Total$6,022 $(35)$3,020 $(83)$9,042 $(118)
Schedule Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash [Table Text Block]
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as reported on our consolidated statements of cash flows were as follows (in millions):
December 31,
2023		December 31,
2024
Cash and cash equivalents$24,862 $22,935 
Restricted cash (a)248 208 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - held-for-sale (Note 21)
— 47 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$25,110 $23,190 
__________
(a)Included in Other assets in the non-current assets section of our consolidated balance sheets.
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale
The cash equivalents and marketable securities accounted for as available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities were as follows (in millions):
December 31, 2023
Fair Value of Securities with
Contractual Maturities
 Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueWithin 1 YearAfter 1 Year through 5 YearsAfter 5 Years
Company excluding Ford Credit  
U.S. government$4,458 $6 $(66)$4,398 $2,172 $2,216 $10 
U.S. government agencies2,053 4 (62)1,995 490 1,487 18 
Non-U.S. government and agencies1,948 1 (75)1,874 587 1,275 12 
Corporate debt7,433 27 (67)7,393 2,830 4,558 5 
Other marketable securities322 2 (4)320 — 247 73 
Total
$16,214 $40 $(274)$15,980 $6,079 $9,783 $118 
December 31, 2024
Fair Value of Securities with
Contractual Maturities
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueWithin 1 YearAfter 1 Year through 5 YearsAfter 5 Years
Company excluding Ford Credit
U.S. government$3,476 $1 $(27)$3,450 $282 $3,168 $— 
U.S. government agencies1,755 1 (30)1,726 697 1,010 19 
Non-U.S. government and agencies2,039 1 (39)2,001 559 1,429 13 
Corporate debt7,295 35 (21)7,309 2,272 5,033 4 
Other marketable securities
486 3 (1)488 — 411 77 
Total
$15,051 $41 $(118)$14,974 $3,810 $11,051 $113 

Sales proceeds and gross realized gains/losses from the sale of AFS securities for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in millions):
202220232024
Company excluding Ford Credit
Sales proceeds$6,207 $3,140 $11,026 
Gross realized gains7 2 17 
Gross realized losses26 37 28 
v3.25.0.1
Ford Credit Finance Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Receivables [Abstract]  
Net finance receivables [Table Text Block]
Ford Credit finance receivables, net at December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 20232024
Consumer  
Retail installment contracts, gross$73,825 $79,459 
Finance leases, gross7,793 8,357 
Retail financing, gross81,618 87,816 
Unearned interest supplements(3,344)(4,598)
Consumer finance receivables78,274 83,218 
Non-Consumer 
Dealer financing24,683 29,282 
Non-Consumer finance receivables24,683 29,282 
Total recorded investment$102,957 $112,500 
Recorded investment in finance receivables$102,957 $112,500 
Allowance for credit losses(882)(864)
Total finance receivables, net$102,075 $111,636 
Current portion$46,425 $51,850 
Non-current portion55,650 59,786 
Total finance receivables, net$102,075 $111,636 
Net finance receivables subject to fair value (a)$94,728 $103,755 
Fair value (b)93,189 103,231 
__________
(a)Net finance receivables subject to fair value exclude finance leases.
(b)The fair value of finance receivables is categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Sales-type and Direct Financing Leases, Lease Receivable, Maturity [Table Text Block]
The amounts contractually due on Ford Credit’s finance leases at December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 2024
2025$1,848 
20261,658 
20271,345 
2028868 
2029122 
Thereafter4 
Total future cash payments5,845 
Less: Present value discount478 
Finance lease receivables$5,367 
Sales-Type and Direct Financing Leases [Table Text Block]
The reconciliation from finance lease receivables to finance leases, gross and finance leases, net at December 31 is as follows (in millions):
 20232024
Finance lease receivables$4,787 $5,367 
Unguaranteed residual assets2,910 2,883 
Initial direct costs96 107 
Finance leases, gross7,793 8,357 
Unearned interest supplements from Ford and affiliated companies(408)(437)
Allowance for credit losses(38)(39)
Finance leases, net$7,347 $7,881 
Financing Receivable, Past Due
The credit quality analysis of consumer receivables at December 31, 2023 was as follows (in millions):
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Prior to 201920192020202120222023TotalPercent
Consumer
31 - 60 days past due$40 $49 $130 $125 $187 $159 $690 0.9 %
61 - 120 days past due9 11 30 37 58 50 195 0.2 
Greater than 120 days past due7 4 7 10 10 5 43 0.1 
Total past due56 64 167 172 255 214 928 1.2 
Current891 2,359 7,385 11,301 20,247 35,163 77,346 98.8 
Total$947 $2,423 $7,552 $11,473 $20,502 $35,377 $78,274 100.0 %
Gross charge-offs$47 $40 $75 $85 $117 $37 $401 

The credit quality analysis of consumer receivables at December 31, 2024 was as follows (in millions):
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Prior to 202020202021202220232024TotalPercent
Consumer
31 - 60 days past due$43 $93 $104 $187 $242 $203 $872 1.0 %
61 - 120 days past due8 20 27 46 70 54 225 0.3 
Greater than 120 days past due7 7 8 11 12 5 50 0.1 
Total past due58 120 139 244 324 262 1,147 1.4 
Current788 3,162 5,458 12,275 24,153 36,235 82,071 98.6 
Total$846 $3,282 $5,597 $12,519 $24,477 $36,497 $83,218 100.0 %
Gross charge-offs$46 $58 $71 $152 $191 $50 $568 
Financing receivable credit quality indicators [Table Text Block]
The credit quality analysis of dealer financing receivables at December 31, 2023 was as follows (in millions):
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearWholesale Loans
Dealer Loans
Prior to 201920192020202120222023TotalTotalPercent
Group I$383 $30 $58 $156 $61 $331 $1,019 $20,419 $21,438 86.9 %
Group II16 — 1 3 2 44 66 2,834 2,900 11.7 
Group III— — — — 1 8 9 292 301 1.2 
Group IV— 1 — — — 2 3 41 44 0.2 
Total (a)
$399 $31 $59 $159 $64 $385 $1,097 $23,586 $24,683 100.0 %
Gross charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $1 $1 $3 $4 
__________
(a)Total past due dealer financing receivables at December 31, 2023 were $33 million.

The credit quality analysis of dealer financing receivables at December 31, 2024 was as follows (in millions):
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearWholesale Loans
Dealer Loans
Prior to 202020202021202220232024TotalTotalPercent
Group I$270 $63 $97 $47 $217 $245 $939 $25,257 $26,196 89.4 %
Group II13 — 3 1 28 31 76 2,494 2,570 8.8 
Group III— — 2 — 1 4 7 462 469 1.6 
Group IV— — — — — 1 1 46 47 0.2 
Total (a)
$283 $63 $102 $48 $246 $281 $1,023 $28,259 $29,282 100.0 %
Gross charge-offs$1 $— $— $— $— $— $1 $6 $7 
__________
(a)Total past due dealer financing receivables at December 31, 2024 were $8 million.
Allowance For Credit Losses on Financing And Loans And Leases Receivable [Table Text Block]
An analysis of the allowance for credit losses related to finance receivables for the years ended December 31 was as follows (in millions):
2023
 ConsumerNon-ConsumerTotal
Allowance for credit losses
Beginning balance$838 $7 $845 
Charge-offs(401)(4)(405)
Recoveries151 2 153 
Provision for credit losses280 (2)278 
Other (a)11 — 11 
Ending balance$879 $3 $882 
2024
 ConsumerNon-ConsumerTotal
Allowance for credit losses   
Beginning balance$879 $3 $882 
Charge-offs(568)(7)(575)
Recoveries160 3 163 
Provision for credit losses412 5 417 
Other (a)(23)— (23)
Ending balance$860 $4 $864 
__________
(a)Primarily represents amounts related to foreign currency translation adjustments.
v3.25.0.1
Inventories (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Inventory [Table Text Block] Inventories at December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 20232024
Raw materials, work-in-process, and supplies$6,196 $5,394 
Finished products9,455 9,557 
Total inventories
$15,651 $14,951 
v3.25.0.1
Net Investment in Operating Leases (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Leases, Operating [Abstract]  
Schedule of Property Subject to or Available for Operating Lease [Table Text Block]
The net investment in operating leases at December 31 was as follows (in millions):
 20232024
Company excluding Ford Credit
Vehicles, net of depreciation$1,052 $1,258 
Ford Credit Segment
Vehicles, at cost (a)24,182 25,424 
Accumulated depreciation(3,850)(3,735)
Total Ford Credit Segment20,332 21,689 
Total$21,384 $22,947 
__________
(a)Includes Ford Credit’s operating lease assets of $11.2 billion and $13.3 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively, that have been included in securitization transactions.  These net investments in operating leases are available only for payment of the debt or other obligations issued or arising in the securitization transactions; they are not available to pay other obligations or the claims of other creditors.
Schedule of Operating Lease Expense [Table Text Block] Operating lease depreciation expense for the years ended December 31 was as follows (in millions):
 202220232024
Operating lease depreciation expense$2,240 $2,309 $2,482 
Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases [Table Text Block]
The amounts contractually due on operating leases at December 31, 2024 were as follows (in millions):
 20252026202720282029Total
Operating lease payments$3,774 $2,594 $1,181 $243 $14 $7,806 
v3.25.0.1
Net Property (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]
Net property at December 31 was as follows (in millions):
20232024
Land$367 $360 
Buildings and land improvements12,636 13,912 
Machinery, equipment, and other41,202 40,765 
Software5,423 5,694 
Construction in progress5,308 6,240 
Total land, plant and equipment, and other64,936 66,971 
Accumulated depreciation(33,679)(33,525)
Net land, plant and equipment, and other31,257 33,446 
Tooling, net of amortization9,564 8,482 
Total$40,821 $41,928 

Property-related expenses, excluding net investment in operating leases, for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 202220232024
Depreciation and other amortization$2,878 $3,041 $3,067 
Tooling amortization 2,556 2,340 2,018 
Total (a)$5,434 $5,381 $5,085 
Maintenance and rearrangement$2,083 $1,909 $1,919 
__________
(a)    Includes impairment of held-for-sale long-lived assets.  See Note 21 for additional information.
v3.25.0.1
Equity in Net Assets of Affiliated Companies (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]  
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Table Text Block]
Our carrying value and ownership percentages of our equity method investments at December 31 were as follows (in millions, except percentages):
 Investment BalanceOwnership Percentage
202320242024
BlueOval SK, LLC$3,254 $4,154 50 %
Ford Otomotiv Sanayi Anonim Sirketi807 1,028 41 
Jiangling Motors Corporation, Limited (a)495 521 32 
Changan Ford Automobile Corporation, Limited (b)225 356 50 
AutoAlliance (Thailand) Co., Ltd.344 339 50 
Ionity Holding GmbH & Co. KG96 114 15 
FFS Finance South Africa (Pty) Limited65 76 50 
Other262 233 Various
Total$5,548 $6,821 
__________
(a)In 2023, Jiangling Motors Corporation, Limited recorded restructuring charges, our share of which was $12 million. These charges are included in Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies.
(b)In 2023 and 2024, Changan Ford Automobile Corporation, Limited recorded long-lived asset and other asset impairment charges as well as restructuring charges, our share of which was $432 million and $16 million, respectively. These charges are included in Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies.

We recorded $452 million, $381 million, and $418 million of dividends from these affiliated companies for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively.

An aggregate summary of the balance sheets and income statements of our equity method investees, on a standalone basis, as reported by those investees at December 31 is below (in millions). Our investment in each equity method investee is reported in Equity in net assets of affiliated companies, and our proportionate share of each of the entities’ income/(loss) is reported in Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies.

Summarized Balance Sheet20232024
Current assets$11,223 $11,965 
Non-current assets16,907 22,603 
Total assets$28,130 $34,568 
Current liabilities$11,232 $10,653 
Non-current liabilities6,572 11,635 
Total liabilities$17,804 $22,288 
Equity attributable to noncontrolling interests$61 $113 

For the years ended December 31,
Summarized Income Statement202220232024
Total revenue$27,153 $31,052 $34,025 
Income/(Loss) before income taxes (a)(1,806)991 1,315 
Net income/(loss) (a)(1,769)1,207 1,582 
Net income/(loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests(8)(63)(37)
__________
(a)    The 2022 results reflect Argo AI’s impairment, partially offset by the net income/(loss) of our other equity method investees.
NOTE 14.  EQUITY IN NET ASSETS OF AFFILIATED COMPANIES (Continued)

In the ordinary course of business, we buy/sell various products and services including vehicles, parts, and components to/from our equity method investees. In addition, we receive royalty income.

Transactions with equity method investees reported for the years ended or at December 31 were as follows (in millions):
For the years ended December 31,
Income Statement202220232024
Sales $4,369 $5,237 $6,049 
Purchases 9,670 13,457 16,629 
Royalty income483 329 363 
Balance Sheet20232024
Receivables$1,070 $1,149 
Payables1,766 1,758 
v3.25.0.1
Other Liabilities and Deferred Revenue (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Other Liabilities [Abstract]  
Schedule of Accrued Liabilities and Deferred Revenue [Table Text Block]
Other liabilities and deferred revenue at December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 20232024
Current  
Dealer and dealers’ customer allowances and claims$12,910 $14,140 
Deferred revenue2,515 3,331 
Employee benefit plans2,282 2,457 
Accrued interest1,224 1,346 
Operating lease liabilities481 558 
OPEB331 335 
Pension205 215 
Other (a)5,922 5,400 
Total current other liabilities and deferred revenue$25,870 $27,782 
Non-current  
Dealer and dealers’ customer allowances and claims$7,506 $9,836 
Deferred revenue5,051 4,910 
Pension6,383 4,470 
OPEB4,365 4,080 
Operating lease liabilities1,395 1,782 
Employee benefit plans837 806 
Other (a)2,877 2,948 
Total non-current other liabilities and deferred revenue$28,414 $28,832 
__________
(a)    Includes current derivative liabilities of $1.0 billion at both December 31, 2023 and 2024. Includes non-current derivative liabilities of $1.3 billion and $0.9 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively (see Note 19).
v3.25.0.1
Retirement Benefits (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Defined Benefit Plan, Assumptions [Table Text Block]
The assumptions used to determine benefit obligation and net periodic benefit cost/(income) were as follows:
 20232024
 Pension BenefitsOPEBPension BenefitsOPEB
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwideU.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwide
Weighted Average Assumptions at December 31
      
Discount rate5.17 %3.98 %5.10 %5.65 %4.51 %5.46 %
Average rate of increase in compensation4.05 3.54 3.98 3.80 3.52 3.80 
Weighted Average Assumptions Used to Determine Net Benefit Cost for the Year Ended December 31
  
Discount rate - Service cost5.60 %4.29 %5.65 %5.25 %3.92 %5.28 %
Effective interest rate on benefit obligation5.39 4.45 5.36 5.02 4.01 5.02 
Expected long-term rate of return on assets6.25 4.13 — 5.93 4.53 — 
Average rate of increase in compensation3.70 3.42 3.65 4.05 3.54 3.98 
Schedule of defined benefit plans expense [Table Text Block]
The pre-tax net periodic benefit cost/(income) for our defined benefit pension and OPEB plans for the years ended December 31 was as follows (in millions):
 202220232024
 Pension BenefitsOPEBPension BenefitsOPEBPension BenefitsOPEB
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwideU.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwideU.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwide
Service cost$500 $416 $42 $292 $245 $21 $288 $248 $24 
Interest cost1,054 504 146 1,641 965 231 1,581 938 226 
Expected return on assets(2,569)(1,006)— (1,897)(890)— (1,817)(1,019)— 
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)
2 22 (3)— 22 3 92 25 10 
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss1,720 (436)(1,314)841 932 286 444 (1,019)(112)
Separation costs/other46 63 — 20 261 1 22 111 — 
Settlements and curtailments
438 (2)(1)69 9 — 129 (22)— 
Net periodic benefit cost/(income)$1,191 $(439)$(1,130)$966 $1,544 $542 $739 $(738)$148 
Schedule Of Defined Benefit Plan Obligations [Table Text Block]
The year-end status of these plans was as follows (in millions):
 20232024
 Pension BenefitsOPEBPension BenefitsOPEB
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwideU.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwide
Change in Benefit Obligation     
Benefit obligation at January 1$32,867 $21,605 $4,459 $32,676 $24,004 $4,696 
Service cost292 245 21 288 248 24 
Interest cost1,641 965 231 1,581 938 226 
Amendments (a)581 46 32 — — — 
Separation costs/other(18)255 — (19)103 — 
Curtailments— 6 — 87 (22)— 
Settlements (b)(1,479)(21)— (8)(6)— 
Plan participant contributions16 11 — 15 9 — 
Benefits paid(2,417)(1,257)(359)(2,706)(1,416)(324)
Foreign exchange translation— 960 26 — (989)(95)
Actuarial (gain)/loss1,193 1,189 286 (1,359)(1,624)(112)
Benefit obligation at December 3132,676 24,004 4,696 30,555 21,245 4,415 
Change in Plan Assets   
Fair value of plan assets at January 132,922 21,344 — 31,423 22,958 — 
Actual return on plan assets2,180 1,145 — 13 414 — 
Company contributions238 756 — 808 685 — 
Plan participant contributions16 11 — 15 9 — 
Benefits paid(2,417)(1,257)— (2,706)(1,416)— 
Settlements (b)(1,479)(21)— (8)(6)— 
Foreign exchange translation— 990 — — (880)— 
Other(37)(10)— (43)(13)— 
Fair value of plan assets at December 3131,423 22,958 — 29,502 21,751 — 
Funded status at December 31$(1,253)$(1,046)$(4,696)$(1,053)$506 $(4,415)
Amounts Recognized on the Balance Sheets      
Prepaid assets$1,229 $3,060 $— $983 $3,155 $— 
Other liabilities(2,482)(4,106)(4,696)(2,036)(2,649)(4,415)
Total$(1,253)$(1,046)$(4,696)$(1,053)$506 $(4,415)
Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (pre-tax)
   
Unamortized prior service costs/(credits)$581 $161 $55 $449 $132 $42 
Pension Plans in which Accumulated Benefit Obligation Exceeds Plan Assets at December 31
    
Accumulated benefit obligation$14,045 $9,135  $1,641 $2,793  
Fair value of plan assets12,154 5,587  85 500  
Accumulated Benefit Obligation at December 31$32,086 $22,661  $30,070 $20,209  
Pension Plans in which Projected Benefit Obligation Exceeds Plan Assets at December 31
Projected benefit obligation$14,636 $9,991 $13,696 $8,813 
Fair value of plan assets12,154 5,885 11,660 6,164 
Projected Benefit Obligation at December 31$32,676 $24,004 $30,555 $21,245 
__________
(a)    Reflects benefit enhancements included in the collective bargaining agreements with the UAW and Unifor ratified in 2023.
(b)    For U.S. plans, 2023 primarily reflects salaried lump sum retirement payments.
Schedule of Expected Benefit Payments [Table Text Block]
The expected future benefit payments at December 31, 2024 were as follows (in millions):
 Benefit Payments
 PensionOPEB
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S.
Plans		Worldwide
2025$2,685 $1,365 $345 
20262,650 1,275 340 
20272,605 1,290 335 
20282,575 1,295 335 
20292,575 1,310 330 
2030-203412,180 6,575 1,590 
Schedule of Allocation of Plan Assets [Table Text Block]
The fair value of our defined benefit pension plan assets (including dividends and interest receivables of $239 million and $58 million for U.S. and non-U.S. plans, respectively) by asset category at December 31 was as follows (in millions):
2023
U.S. PlansNon-U.S. Plans
 Level 1Level 2Level 3Assets measured at NAV (a)TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Assets measured at NAV (a)Total
Asset Category    
Equity    
U.S. companies
$855 $1 $2 $— $858 $1,968 $37 $— $— $2,005 
International companies
493 29 6 — 528 1,293 20 — — 1,313 
Total equity
1,348 30 8 — 1,386 3,261 57 — — 3,318 
Fixed Income
U.S. government and agencies
7,236 1,493 — — 8,729 38 28 — — 66 
Non-U.S. government
2 482 2 — 486 — 12,843 184 — 13,027 
Corporate bonds
— 16,470 11 — 16,481 — 1,890 66 — 1,956 
Mortgage/other asset-backed
— 444 — — 444 — 289 11 — 300 
Commingled funds
— 65 — — 65 23 191 — — 214 
Derivative financial instruments, net
(3)161 — — 158 — 36 36 — 72 
Total fixed income
7,235 19,115 13 — 26,363 61 15,277 297 — 15,635 
Alternatives
Hedge funds
— — — 3,603 3,603 — — — 906 906 
Private equity
— — — 1,093 1,093 — — — 477 477 
Real estate
— — — 1,406 1,406 — — — 381 381 
Total alternatives
— — — 6,102 6,102 — — — 1,764 1,764 
Cash, cash equivalents, and repurchase agreements (b)
(1,779)— — — (1,779)(1,364)— — — (1,364)
Other (c)
(649)— — — (649)(236)— 3,841 — 3,605 
Total assets at fair value
$6,155 $19,145 $21 $6,102 $31,423 $1,722 $15,334 $4,138 $1,764 $22,958 
__________
(a)Certain assets that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
(b)Primarily short-term investment funds to provide liquidity to plan investment managers and cash held to pay benefits, offset by repurchase agreements valued at $(2.7) billion in U.S. plans and $(1.8) billion in non-U.S. plans.
(c)For U.S. plans, amounts related to net pending security (purchases)/sales and net pending foreign currency purchases/(sales). For non-U.S plans, $3.0 billion of insurance contracts, primarily the Ford-Werke plan, and amounts related to net pending security (purchases)/sales and net pending foreign currency purchases/(sales).
NOTE 16.  RETIREMENT BENEFITS (Continued)

The fair value of our defined benefit pension plan assets (including dividends and interest receivables of $236 million and $65 million for U.S. and non-U.S. plans, respectively) by asset category at December 31 was as follows (in millions):
2024
U.S. PlansNon-U.S. Plans
 Level 1Level 2Level 3Assets measured at NAV (a)TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Assets measured at NAV (a)Total
Asset Category    
Equity    
U.S. companies
$1,035 $2 $2 $— $1,039 $1,719 $25 $— $— $1,744 
International companies
490 38 6 — 534 1,080 47 1 — 1,128 
Total equity
1,525 40 8 — 1,573 2,799 72 1 — 2,872 
Fixed Income
     
U.S. government and agencies
7,106 1,079 — — 8,185 4 26 — — 30 
Non-U.S. government
1 607 — — 608 1,360 10,698 6 — 12,064 
Corporate bonds
— 15,079 21 — 15,100 — 1,667 56 — 1,723 
Mortgage/other asset-backed
— 433 — — 433 — 291 13 — 304 
Commingled funds
— — — — — 30 186 — — 216 
Derivative financial instruments, net
(6)(57)— — (63)(1)(20)51 — 30 
Total fixed income
7,101 17,141 21 — 24,263 1,393 12,848 126 — 14,367 
Alternatives
     
Hedge funds
— — — 3,732 3,732 — — — 779 779 
Private equity
— — — 845 845 — — — 370 370 
Real estate
— — — 1,298 1,298 — — — 370 370 
Total alternatives
— — — 5,875 5,875 — — — 1,519 1,519 
Cash, cash equivalents, and repurchase agreements (b)
(1,656)— — — (1,656)(197)— — — (197)
Other (c)
(553)— — — (553)(248)— 3,438 — 3,190 
Total assets at fair value
$6,417 $17,181 $29 $5,875 $29,502 $3,747 $12,920 $3,565 $1,519 $21,751 
__________
(a)Certain assets that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
(b)Primarily short-term investment funds to provide liquidity to plan investment managers and cash held to pay benefits, offset by repurchase agreements valued at $(2.6) billion in U.S. plans and $(0.7) billion in non-U.S. plans.
(c)For U.S. plans, amounts related to net pending security (purchases)/sales and net pending foreign currency purchases/(sales). For non-U.S plans, $2.7 billion of insurance contracts, primarily the Ford-Werke plan, and amounts related to net pending security (purchases)/sales and net pending foreign currency purchases/(sales).
Schedule of Changes in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Table Text Block]
The following table summarizes the changes in Level 3 defined benefit pension plan assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
2023
 Return on plan assets  
Fair
Value
at
January 1		Attributable
to Assets
Held
at
December 31		Attributable
to
Assets
Sold		Net Purchases/
(Settlements)		Transfers Into/(Out of) Level 3Fair
Value
at
December 31
U.S. Plans$9 $(6)$— $9 $9 $21 
Non-U.S. Plans (a)3,809 44 (8)410 (117)4,138 
2024
 Return on plan assets  
Fair
Value
at
January 1		Attributable
to Assets
Held
at
December 31		Attributable
to
Assets
Sold		Net Purchases/
(Settlements)		Transfers Into/(Out of) Level 3Fair
Value
at
December 31
U.S. Plans$21 $— $3 $4 $1 $29 
Non-U.S. Plans (a)4,138 (387)(16)(2)(168)3,565 
__________
(a)Includes insurance contracts, primarily the Ford-Werke plan, valued at $3.0 billion and $2.7 billion at year-end 2023 and 2024, respectively.
v3.25.0.1
Lease Commitments (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]  
Lease Right-of-Use Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]
Lease right-of-use assets and liabilities at December 31 were as follows (in millions):
20232024
Operating leases
Other assets, non-current$1,833 $2,308 
Other liabilities and deferred revenue, current$481 $558 
Other liabilities and deferred revenue, non-current1,395 1,782 
Total operating lease liabilities$1,876 $2,340 
Finance leases
Property and equipment, gross$897 $1,150 
Accumulated depreciation(114)(162)
Property and equipment, net$783 $988 
Company excluding Ford Credit debt payable within one year$32 $94 
Company excluding Ford Credit long-term debt606 711 
Total finance lease liabilities$638 $805 
Schedule of Cash Flow, Supplemental Disclosures [Table Text Block]
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the years ended December 31 was as follows (in millions):
202220232024
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases$459 $581 $663 
Operating cash flows from finance leases22 32 39 
Financing cash flows from finance leases83 91 110 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities
Operating leases$528 $889 $1,051 
Finance leases95 165 286 
Lease, Cost [Table Text Block]
The components of lease expense for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in millions):
202220232024
Operating lease expense$463 $580 $650 
Variable lease expense62 109 167 
Sublease income(15)(18)(18)
Finance lease expense
Amortization of right-of-use assets60 64 80 
Interest on lease liabilities22 32 39 
Total lease expense$592 $767 $918 
Lessee, Weighted Average Term and Discount Rate [Table Text Block]
The weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate at December 31 were as follows:
202220232024
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)
Operating leases5.55.45.7
Finance leases12.211.910.8
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases3.7 %4.7 %4.5 %
Finance leases3.9 5.3 4.8 
Finance Lease, Liability, Fiscal Year Maturity
The amounts contractually due on our lease liabilities as of December 31, 2024 were as follows (in millions):
Operating Leases (a)Finance
Leases
2025$651 $134 
2026551 126 
2027436 109 
2028312 90 
2029205 88 
Thereafter508 510 
Total2,663 1,057 
Less: Present value discount323 252 
Total lease liabilities$2,340 $805 
__________
(a)    Excludes approximately $707 million in future lease payments for various leases commencing in future periods.
v3.25.0.1
Debt and Commitments (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]  
Schedule of Carrying Values and Estimated Fair Values of Debt Instruments [Table Text Block]
The carrying value of Company debt excluding Ford Credit and Ford Credit debt at December 31 was as follows (in millions):
Interest Rates
Average Contractual Average Effective (a)
Company excluding Ford Credit202320242023202420232024
Debt payable within one year  
Short-term$362 $632 3.2 %4.0 %3.2 %4.0 %
Long-term payable within one year 
U.K. Export Finance Program— 784 
Public unsecured debt securities— 176 
Other debt (including finance leases)117 176 
Unamortized (discount)/premium(2)(11)
Unamortized issuance costs— (1)
Total debt payable within one year477 1,756 
Long-term debt payable after one year 
Public unsecured debt securities14,935 14,759 
Convertible notes2,300 2,300 
U.K. Export Finance Program1,749 940 
Other debt (including finance leases)811 1,160 
Unamortized (discount)/premium(155)(109)
Unamortized issuance costs
(173)(152)
Total long-term debt payable after one year
19,467 18,898 5.1 %(b)5.1 %(b)5.3 %(b)5.3 %(b)
Total Company excluding Ford Credit$19,944 $20,654 
Fair value of Company debt excluding Ford Credit (c)$19,775 $20,178 
Ford Credit  
Debt payable within one year  
Short-term$18,658 $17,413 5.3 %4.7 %5.3 %4.7 %
Long-term payable within one year 
Unsecured debt11,755 12,871 
Asset-backed debt18,851 23,050 
Unamortized (discount)/premium(1)2 
Unamortized issuance costs
(13)(18)
Fair value adjustments (d)(58)(125)
Total debt payable within one year49,192 53,193 
Long-term debt payable after one year
Unsecured debt45,435 49,607 
Asset-backed debt36,074 36,224 
Unamortized (discount)/premium10 (20)
Unamortized issuance costs
(224)(217)
Fair value adjustments (d)(1,200)(919)
Total long-term debt payable after one year80,095 84,675 4.7 %(b)4.8 %(b)4.7 %(b)4.8 %(b)
Total Ford Credit$129,287 $137,868 
Fair value of Ford Credit debt (c)$130,533 $140,046 
__________
(a)Average effective rates reflect the average contractual interest rate plus amortization of discounts, premiums, and issuance costs.
(b)Includes interest on long-term debt payable within one year and after one year.
(c)At December 31, 2023 and 2024, the fair value of debt includes $362 million and $632 million of Company excluding Ford Credit short-term debt, respectively, and $15.5 billion and $16.2 billion of Ford Credit short-term debt, respectively, carried at cost, which approximates fair value. All other debt is categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
(d)These adjustments are related to hedging activity and include discontinued hedging relationship adjustments of $(681) million and $(450) million at December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. The carrying value of hedged debt was $38.7 billion and $41.1 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively.
Schedule of Maturities of Long-term Debt [Table Text Block]
Debt maturities at December 31, 2024 were as follows (in millions):
 20252026202720282029ThereafterAdjustmentsTotal Debt Maturities
Company excluding Ford Credit       
Public unsecured debt securities$176 $3,972 $— $550 $202 $12,335 $(217)$17,018 
Short-term and other debt1,592 135 1,049 94 96 726 (56)3,636 
Total$1,768 $4,107 $1,049 $644 $298 $13,061 $(273)$20,654 
Ford Credit       
Unsecured debt$29,084 $12,879 $11,467 $6,786 $6,414 $12,061 $(1,235)$77,456 
Asset-backed debt24,250 19,491 8,759 5,358 2,616 — (62)60,412 
Total$53,334 $32,370 $20,226 $12,144 $9,030 $12,061 $(1,297)$137,868 
Schedule of debt outstanding [Table Text Block]
Our public unsecured debt securities outstanding at December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 Aggregate Principal Amount Outstanding
Title of Security20232024
7 1/8% Debentures due November 15, 2025$176 $176 
0.00% Notes due March 15, 2026
2,300 2,300 
7 1/2% Debentures due August 1, 2026172 172 
4.346% Notes due December 8, 2026
1,500 1,500 
6 5/8% Debentures due February 15, 2028104 104 
6 5/8% Debentures due October 1, 2028 (a) 
446 446 
6 3/8% Debentures due February 1, 2029 (a) 
202 202 
9.30% Notes due March 1, 2030
294 294 
9.625% Notes due April 22, 2030
432 432 
7.45% GLOBLS due July 16, 2031 (a) 
1,070 1,070 
8.900% Debentures due January 15, 2032
108 108 
3.25% Notes due February 12, 2032
2,500 2,500 
9.95% Debentures due February 15, 2032
4 4 
6.10% Notes due August 19, 2032
1,750 1,750 
4.75% Notes due January 15, 2043
2,000 2,000 
7.75% Debentures due June 15, 2043
73 73 
7.40% Debentures due November 1, 2046
398 398 
5.291% Notes due December 8, 2046
1,300 1,300 
9.980% Debentures due February 15, 2047
114 114 
6.20% Notes due June 1, 2059
750 750 
6.00% Notes due December 1, 2059
800 800 
6.50% Notes due August 15, 2062
600 600 
7.70% Debentures due May 15, 2097
142 142 
Total public unsecured debt securities$17,235 $17,235 
__________
(a)    Listed on the Luxembourg Exchange and on the Singapore Exchange.
Assets And Liabilities Related To Secured Debt Arrangements Disclosure Text Block
The assets and liabilities related to our asset-backed debt arrangements included in our consolidated financial statements at December 31 were as follows (in billions):
 20232024
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents$2.7 $3.0 
Finance receivables, net66.8 71.6 
Net investment in operating leases11.2 13.3 
Liabilities
Debt (a)$58.0 $60.4 
__________
(a)Debt is net of unamortized discount and issuance costs.
v3.25.0.1
Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Effect of Derivative Instruments [Table Text Block]
The gains/(losses), by hedge designation, reported in income for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 202220232024
Cash flow hedges
Reclassified from AOCI to Cost of sales
Foreign currency exchange contracts (a)$(213)$145 $46 
Commodity contracts (b)133 (62)(38)
Fair value hedges
Interest rate contracts
Net interest settlements and accruals on hedging instruments
(45)(507)(361)
Fair value changes on hedging instruments(1,875)196 (220)
Fair value changes on hedged debt1,893 (260)182 
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts
Net interest settlements and accruals on hedging instruments
(27)(79)(133)
Fair value changes on hedging instruments(111)96 (134)
Fair value changes on hedged debt113 (96)108 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Foreign currency exchange contracts (c)(3)(38)384 
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts
(780)127 (272)
Interest rate contracts390 37 (85)
Commodity contracts(51)(49)(48)
Total$(576)$(490)$(571)
__________
(a)For 2022, 2023, and 2024, a $448 million gain, a $482 million loss, and an $808 million gain, respectively, were reported in Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax.
(b)For 2022, 2023, and 2024, a $102 million loss, a $37 million loss, and a $5 million loss, respectively, were reported in Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax.
(c)For 2022, 2023, and 2024, a $53 million loss, a $3 million loss, and a $116 million gain, respectively, were reported in Cost of sales and a $50 million gain, a $35 million loss, and a $268 million gain were reported in Other income/(loss), net, respectively.
Balance Sheet Effect of Derivative Instruments [Table Text Block]
The fair value of our derivative instruments and the associated notional amounts at December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 20232024
NotionalFair Value of
Assets		Fair Value of
Liabilities		NotionalFair Value of
Assets		Fair Value of
Liabilities
Cash flow hedges   
Foreign currency exchange contracts
$19,530 $69 $385 $20,027 $578 $123 
Commodity contracts983 23 36 959 22 13 
Fair value hedges
Interest rate contracts12,119 106 633 16,194 66 645 
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts
2,078 69 104 3,802 9 139 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Foreign currency exchange contracts22,802 201 261 20,799 301 192 
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts
7,100 119 252 5,455 133 246 
Interest rate contracts73,134 465 1,036 76,977 305 845 
Commodity contracts1,051 35 31 944 14 31 
Total derivative financial instruments, gross (a) (b)
$138,797 $1,087 $2,738 $145,157 $1,428 $2,234 
Current portion
$493 $1,464 $869 $1,311 
Non-current portion
594 1,274 559 923 
Total derivative financial instruments, gross
$1,087 $2,738 $1,428 $2,234 
__________
(a)At December 31, 2023 and 2024, we held collateral of $40 million and $27 million, respectively, and we posted collateral of $185 million and $127 million, respectively.
(b)At December 31, 2023 and 2024, the fair value of assets and liabilities available for counterparty netting was $815 million and $780 million, respectively. All derivatives are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
v3.25.0.1
Employee Separation and Exit and Disposal Activities (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]  
Schedule of Restructuring Reserve by Type of Cost [Table Text Block]
The following table summarizes the activities for the years ended December 31, which are recorded in Other liabilities and deferred revenue (in millions):
20232024
Beginning balance$588 $1,086 
Changes in accruals (a)1,600 973 
Payments(1,030)(871)
Foreign currency translation and other(72)(90)
Ending balance$1,086 $1,098 
__________
(a)    Excludes pension costs of $268 million and $218 million in 2023 and 2024, respectively.
v3.25.0.1
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]  
Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table Text Block]
The changes in the balances for each component of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in millions):
202220232024
Foreign currency translation
Beginning balance$(5,487)$(6,416)$(5,443)
Gains/(Losses) on foreign currency translation(1,199)967 (1,336)
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit) (a)(2)(10)77 
Net gains/(losses) on foreign currency translation (1,197)977 (1,413)
(Gains)/Losses reclassified from AOCI to net income268 (4)(43)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax (b)(929)973 (1,456)
Ending balance$(6,416)$(5,443)$(6,899)
Marketable securities
Beginning balance$(19)$(442)$(170)
Gains/(Losses) on available for sale securities(576)326 146 
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)(139)80 34 
Net gains/(losses) on available for sale securities(437)246 112 
(Gains)/Losses reclassified from AOCI to net income19 35 11 
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)5 9 3 
Net (gains)/losses reclassified from AOCI to net income (c)14 26 8 
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax(423)272 120 
Ending balance$(442)$(170)$(50)
Derivative instruments
Beginning balance$(193)$129 $(331)
Gains/(Losses) on derivative instruments346 (519)803 
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)83 (126)188 
Net gains/(losses) on derivative instruments263 (393)615 
(Gains)/Losses reclassified from AOCI to net income80 (83)(8)
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)21 (16)(1)
Net (gains)/losses reclassified from AOCI to net income (d)59 (67)(7)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax322 (460)608 
Ending balance$129 $(331)$277 
Pension and other postretirement benefits
Beginning balance$(2,640)$(2,610)$(3,098)
Prior service (costs)/credits arising during the period (e)— (659)— 
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)— (157)— 
Net prior service (costs)/credits arising during the period
— (502)— 
Amortization and recognition of prior service costs/(credits) (f)21 25 167 
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)4 6 40 
Net prior service costs/(credits) reclassified from AOCI to net income
17 19 127 
Translation impact on non-U.S. plans
13 (5)4 
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax30 (488)131 
Ending balance$(2,610)$(3,098)$(2,967)
Total AOCI ending balance at December 31$(9,339)$(9,042)$(9,639)
__________
(a)We do not recognize deferred taxes for a majority of the foreign currency translation gains and losses because we do not anticipate reversal in the foreseeable future. However, we have made elections to tax certain non-U.S. operations simultaneously in U.S. tax returns, and have recorded deferred taxes for temporary differences that will reverse, independent of repatriation plans, in U.S. tax returns. Taxes or tax benefits resulting from foreign currency translation of the temporary differences are recorded in Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax.
(b)Excludes a loss of $4 million, a gain of $1 million, and a loss of $1 million related to noncontrolling interests in 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively.
(c)Reclassified to Other income/(loss), net.
(d)Reclassified to Cost of sales. During the next twelve months we expect to reclassify existing net gains on cash flow hedges of $281 million. See Note 19 for additional information.
(e)Reflects benefit enhancements included in the collective bargaining agreements with the UAW and Unifor ratified in 2023.
(f)Amortization and recognition of prior service costs/(credits) is included in the computation of net periodic pension cost/(income). See Note 16 for additional information.
v3.25.0.1
Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Warranty [Table Text Block]
The estimate of our future warranty and field service action costs, net of estimated supplier recoveries, for the years ended December 31 was as follows (in millions):
 20232024
Beginning balance$9,193 $11,504 
Payments made during the period(4,779)(5,831)
Changes in accrual related to warranties issued during the period4,743 6,294 
Changes in accrual related to pre-existing warranties2,648 2,690 
Foreign currency translation and other(301)(625)
Ending balance$11,504 $14,032 
v3.25.0.1
Segment Information (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment [Table Text Block]
Key financial information for the years ended or at December 31 was as follows (in millions):
 Ford BlueFord
Model e		Ford ProFord NextFord CreditUnallocated Amounts and Eliminations (a)Total
2022    
External revenues$94,762 $5,253 $48,939 $99 $8,978 $26 $158,057 
Intersegment revenues (b)36,020 121 — — — (36,141)— 
Total revenues$130,782 $5,374 $48,939 $99 $8,978 $(36,115)$158,057 
Other segment items (c)123,935 7,507 45,717 1,025 6,321 
Segment EBIT/EBT$6,847 $(2,133)$3,222 $(926)$2,657 $9,667 
Reconciliation of Segment EBIT/EBT
Unallocated amounts:
Corporate Other748 
Interest on debt (excludes $3,334 of Ford Credit interest on debt)
(1,259)
Special items (d)(12,172)
Income/(Loss) before income taxes$(3,016)
Other Segment Disclosures
Depreciation and tooling amortization$3,365 $249 $1,522 $5 $2,281 $252 $7,674 
Investment-related interest income59 — 16 — 178 386 639 
Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies270 (15)412 (315)27 (3,262)(2,883)
Cash outflow for capital spending (e)4,702 1,336 26 23 58 721 6,866 
Total assets56,023 5,285 2,177 392 137,954 54,053 255,884 
2023
External Revenues$101,934 $5,897 $58,058 $3 $10,290 $9 $176,191 
Intersegment Revenues (b)38,693 629 — — — (39,322)— 
Total Revenues$140,627 $6,526 $58,058 $3 $10,290 $(39,313)$176,191 
Other segment items (c)133,165 11,227 50,836 141 8,959 
Segment EBIT/EBT$7,462 $(4,701)$7,222 $(138)$1,331 $11,176 
Reconciliation of Segment EBIT/EBT
Unallocated amounts:
Corporate Other(760)
Interest on debt (excludes $6,311 of Ford Credit interest on debt)
(1,302)
Special items (f)(5,147)
Income/(Loss) before income taxes$3,967 
Other Segment Disclosures
Depreciation and tooling amortization$3,378 $505 $1,291 $12 $2,354 $150 $7,690 
Investment-related interest income110 1 32 — 522 902 1,567 
Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies337 (37)589 (29)32 (478)414 
Cash outflow for capital spending (e)4,963 2,861 7 6 80 319 8,236 
Total assets58,990 13,648 2,942 207 148,521 49,002 273,310 
NOTE 25.  SEGMENT INFORMATION (Continued)
 Ford BlueFord
Model e		Ford ProFord NextFord CreditUnallocated Amounts and Eliminations (a)Total
2024
External Revenues$101,935 $3,852 $66,906 $7 $12,286 $6 $184,992 
Intersegment Revenues (b)43,442 257 — — — (43,699)— 
Total Revenues$145,377 $4,109 $66,906 $7 $12,286 $(43,693)$184,992 
Other segment items (c)140,093 9,185 57,891 57 10,632 
Segment EBIT/EBT$5,284 $(5,076)$9,015 $(50)$1,654 $10,827 
Reconciliation of Segment EBIT/EBT
Unallocated amounts:
Corporate Other(619)
Interest on debt (excludes $7,583 of Ford Credit interest on debt)
(1,115)
Special items (g)(1,860)
Income/(Loss) before income taxes$7,233 
Other Segment Disclosures
Depreciation and tooling amortization$2,952 $556 $1,394 $12 $2,529 $124 $7,567 
Investment-related interest income167 2 52 — 500 819 1,540 
Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies240 (66)482 (3)42 (17)678 
Cash outflow for capital spending (e)4,490 3,843 37 3 94 217 8,684 
Total assets58,791 17,074 3,469 151 157,534 48,177 285,196 
__________
(a)Unallocated amounts include Corporate Other (see above description of corporate expenses and corporate assets) and Special Items. Eliminations include intersegment transaction occurring in the ordinary course of business.
(b)Intersegment revenues only reflect finished vehicle transactions between Ford Blue, Ford Model e, and Ford Pro where there is an intersegment markup and are recognized at the time of the intersegment transaction.
(c)Other segment items for the Ford Blue, Ford Model e, and Ford Pro segments primarily consists of: material costs (including commodities and components and purchased vehicles from partners), manufacturing costs (including hourly and salaried wages and fringe, and plant overhead such as utilities and taxes), warranty coverages and field service action costs (including estimated costs to repair, replace, or adjust parts on a vehicle that are defective in factory supplied materials or workmanship), freight & duty costs (including related to the receiving and shipping of components and vehicles), vehicle and software engineering and connectivity costs (including wages and fringe for personnel, prototype materials, testing, and outside services), spending-related costs (including depreciation and amortization of manufacturing and engineering assets, asset retirements and operating leases), advertising and sales promotions costs (including costs for advertising, marketing programs, brand promotions, customer mailings and promotional events, and auto shows), and administrative, information technology, and selling costs (including primarily wages and fringe for salaried personnel and purchased services). Other segment items for the Ford Next segment primarily consists of administrative and information technology costs. Other segment items for the Ford Credit segment primarily consists of interest expense and depreciation.
(d)Primarily reflects losses on our Rivian investment and the impairment of our Argo AI equity method investment.
(e)Ford Blue includes $305 million, $909 million, and $844 million of spending attributable to electric vehicles at shared manufacturing plants in 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively. Total electric vehicle spending, including Ford Blue and Ford Model e, was $1,641 million, $3,770 million, and $4,687 million in 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively.
(f)Primarily reflects mark-to-market adjustments for our global pension and OPEB plans, restructuring actions in Europe and China, and an accrual for the Transit Connect customs matter.
(g)Includes a write-down of certain product-specific assets of $391 million and other expenses of $809 million related to the cancellation of a previously planned all-electric three-row SUV program, all of which was recorded in Cost of sales. The amount also reflects restructuring actions in Europe, buyouts for hourly employees in North America, the extended duration of the Oakville Assembly Plant changeover, and pension curtailment and separation costs in North America and Europe, partially offset by mark-to-market adjustments for our global pension and OPEB plans.
Schedule of Revenue from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets, by Geographical Areas [Table Text Block]
Total Company revenues and long-lived assets, split geographically by our country of domicile (the United States) and other countries where our major subsidiaries are domiciled, for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in millions):
 202220232024
 RevenuesLong-Lived
Assets (a)		RevenuesLong-Lived
Assets (a)		RevenuesLong-Lived
Assets (a)
United States$105,481 $41,925 $116,995 $42,235 $124,968 $45,392 
Canada12,590 5,739 13,391 6,147 13,412 6,548 
United Kingdom8,220 1,264 8,968 1,868 9,936 2,174 
Mexico1,813 4,255 2,774 5,222 2,634 4,352 
All Other29,953 6,854 34,063 6,733 34,042 6,409 
Total Company$158,057 $60,037 $176,191 $62,205 $184,992 $64,875 
__________
(a)    Includes Net property and Net investment in operating leases from our consolidated balance sheets.
v3.25.0.1
Schedule of Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]  
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Schedule of Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure [Text Block]
FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
(in millions)
DescriptionBalance at
Beginning of
Period		Charged to
Costs and
Expenses		DeductionsBalance at End
of Period
For the Year Ended December 31, 2022      
Allowances deducted from assets      
Credit losses$926 $50 $119 (a)$857 
Doubtful receivables47 57 11 (b)93 
Inventories (primarily service part obsolescence)724 (6)(c)—  718 
Deferred tax assets1,067 (242)(d)3 822 
Deferred tax assets for U.S. branch operations (e)3,268 (38)— 3,230 
Total allowances deducted from assets$6,032 $(179)$133  $5,720 
For the Year Ended December 31, 2023  
Allowances deducted from assets  
Credit losses$857 $385  $343 (a)$899 
Doubtful receivables93 30  54 (b)69 
Inventories (primarily service part obsolescence)718 (31)(c)—  687 
Deferred tax assets822 36 (d)12 846 
Deferred tax assets for U.S. branch operations (e)3,230 111 — 3,341 
Total allowances deducted from assets$5,720 $531  $409  $5,842 
For the Year Ended December 31, 2024      
Allowances deducted from assets      
Credit losses$899 $430  $429 (a)$900 
Doubtful receivables69 23  15 (b)77 
Inventories (primarily service part obsolescence)687 68 (c)—  755 
Deferred tax assets846 (428)(d)11 407 
Deferred tax assets for U.S. branch operations (e)3,341 108 — 3,449 
Total allowances deducted from assets$5,842 $201  $455  $5,588 
_________
(a)    Finance receivables deemed to be uncollectible and other changes, principally amounts related to finance receivables sold and translation adjustments.
(b)    Accounts receivable deemed to be uncollectible as well as translation adjustments.
(c)    Net change in inventory allowances, including translation adjustments.
(d)    Change in valuation allowance on deferred tax assets including translation adjustments.
(e)    Deferred tax assets of U.S. branch operations no longer requiring a valuation allowance would result in an increase in deferred tax liabilities.
v3.25.0.1
Presentation - Certain Transactions Between Automotive and Financial Services (Details) - Affiliated Entity [Member] - Operating Segments - Ford Credit - USD ($)
$ in Billions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]    
Finance receivables, net $ 8.2 $ 9.2
Unearned interest supplements and residual support (6.5) (4.6)
Wholesale receivables/Other $ 2.2 $ 1.6
v3.25.0.1
Summary of Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Foreign Currency [Abstract]      
Foreign Currency Transaction Gain (Loss), before Tax $ (155) $ 13 $ 180
Accounts Receivable Additional Disclosures [Abstract]      
Average Turnover Period of Trade Receivables 30 days    
Trade, Notes, and Other Receivables, After Allowance for Credit Loss $ 15,700 16,400  
Trade, Notes, and Other Receivables, Allowance for Credit Loss 113 86  
Goodwill, Impaired, Accumulated Impairment Loss [Abstract]      
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net 69 80  
Goodwill 658 683  
Goodwill, Impairment Loss, Net of Tax 0 0  
Impairment of Intangible Assets, Indefinite-Lived (Excluding Goodwill) $ 0 0  
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]      
Term At Which Fair Value of Finance Receivables is Measured 120 days    
Finance and Lease Incentives [Abstract]      
Government Assistance, Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Property, Plant and Equipment, Net    
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed of $ 0 0  
Selected Other Costs [Abstract]      
Engineering, research, and development 8,000 8,200 7,800
Advertising $ 2,800 2,500 2,200
Government Assistance [Abstract]      
Government Assistance, Expense, Decrease (Increase), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration] Cost of sales    
Supplier Finance Program, Obligation, Period Increase (Decrease) $ 1,522 1,778  
Supplier Finance Program, Obligation, Settlement $ (1,570) $ (1,811)  
Supplier Finance Program, Obligation, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Payables Payables  
Supplier Finance Program, Obligation, Current $ 172 $ 220 253
Land Benefit      
Finance and Lease Incentives [Abstract]      
Government Assistance, Asset     144
Capital Grant      
Government Assistance [Abstract]      
Government Assistance, Award Amount   285  
Production Credit - Advanced Manufacturing Battery Components      
Government Assistance [Abstract]      
Government Assistance, Expense, Decrease (Increase) 105    
Affiliated Entity [Member] | Operating Segments | Ford Credit      
Finance and Lease Incentives [Abstract]      
Earned Interest Supplements And Residual Support Revenue 2,900 2,300 2,100
Amount of Reduction in Depreciation Expense On Property Subject To Or Held For Lease $ 1,000 $ 900 $ 1,200
v3.25.0.1
Revenue - Disaggregation of Revenue from Contract with Customer by Products and Services (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) $ 184,992 $ 176,191 $ 158,057
Vehicles, parts, and accessories      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 167,218 161,052 144,471
Used vehicles      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 2,175 1,873 1,719
Revenues from sales and services      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 172,596 165,827 148,978
Leasing income      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 4,431 4,284 4,770
Financing income      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 7,819 5,980 4,254
Insurance income      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 146 100 55
Service and Other Revenue      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 3,203 2,902 2,788
Ford Credit      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 12,286 10,290 8,978
Ford Credit | Vehicles, parts, and accessories      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 0 0 0
Ford Credit | Used vehicles      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 0 0 0
Ford Credit | Revenues from sales and services      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 104 105 100
Ford Credit | Leasing income      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 4,217 4,105 4,569
Ford Credit | Financing income      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 7,819 5,980 4,254
Ford Credit | Insurance income      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 146 100 55
Ford Credit | Service and Other Revenue      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 104 105 100
Company excluding Ford Credit      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 172,706 165,901 149,079
Company excluding Ford Credit | Vehicles, parts, and accessories      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 167,218 161,052 144,471
Company excluding Ford Credit | Used vehicles      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 2,175 1,873 1,719
Company excluding Ford Credit | Revenues from sales and services      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 172,492 165,722 148,878
Company excluding Ford Credit | Leasing income      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 214 179 201
Company excluding Ford Credit | Financing income      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 0 0 0
Company excluding Ford Credit | Insurance income      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 0 0 0
Company excluding Ford Credit | Service and Other Revenue      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 3,099 2,797 2,688
Operating Segments | Ford Credit      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) $ 12,286 $ 10,290 $ 8,978
v3.25.0.1
Revenue - Remaining Performance Obligation (Details) - Operating Segments - Company excluding Ford Credit - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Vehicles, parts, and accessories      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Contract with Customer, Performance Obligation Satisfied in Previous Period $ (757) $ (147) $ 209
Services and other revenue (a)      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Contract with Customer, Liability, Revenue Recognized 1,800 1,500  
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount 5,300    
Capitalized Contract Cost, Net 312 317  
Capitalized Contract Cost, Amortization $ 105 103 88
Contract with Customer, Liability   $ 4,800 $ 4,400
Services and other revenue (a) | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-01-01      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period 1 year    
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount $ 1,700    
Services and other revenue (a) | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-01-01      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period 1 year    
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount $ 1,300    
Services and other revenue (a) | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2027-01-01      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period 8 years    
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount $ 2,300    
Minimum | Vehicles, parts, and accessories      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Revenue Performance Obligation Payment Terms 30 days    
Minimum | Services and other revenue (a)      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period 12 months    
Minimum | Vehicle-related Design and Testing Services [Member]      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period 2 years    
Maximum | Vehicles, parts, and accessories      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Revenue Performance Obligation Payment Terms 120 days    
Maximum | Services and other revenue (a)      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period 120 months    
Maximum | Vehicle-related Design and Testing Services [Member]      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]      
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period 3 years    
v3.25.0.1
Other Income and Loss (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Net periodic pension and OPEB income/(cost), excluding service cost (Note 16) $ 411 $ (2,494) $ 1,336
Investment Income, Interest 1,540 1,567 639
Interest income/(expense) on income taxes (21) (16) (23)
Net realized and unrealized gains/(losses) on cash equivalents, marketable securities, and other investments (42) (205) (7,518)
Gains/(Losses) on changes in investments in affiliates 78 9 (147)
Royalty income 503 477 483
Other (18) 59 80
Other income/(loss), net (Note 5) $ 2,451 $ (603) $ (5,150)
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit) Excluding Service Cost, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration] Other income/(loss), net (Note 5) Other income/(loss), net (Note 5) Other income/(loss), net (Note 5)
Rivian | Equity Securities      
Net realized and unrealized gains/(losses) on cash equivalents, marketable securities, and other investments   $ (31) $ (7,400)
Cash Equivalents, Marketable Securities, and Other Investments      
Net realized and unrealized gains/(losses) on cash equivalents, marketable securities, and other investments $ (42) $ (205) $ (7,518)
v3.25.0.1
Share-Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Jun. 30, 2024
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]        
Percent Of Share Based Award Available For Grant In Succeeding Calendar Year 2.00%      
Percent Of Share Based Award Available For Grant Limit On Increase 3.00%      
Assumptions [Abstract]        
Grant date stock price       $ 12.54
Stock activity rollforward        
Granted (weighted-average grant-date fair value) $ 12.49 $ 12.98 $ 15.63  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross 0      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period 0      
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number 4,700,000 8,400,000    
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Vested and Expected to Vest, Exercisable, Number 4,700,000      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement By Share-based Payment Award, Option, Unvested, Expiration Period 0 years      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement By Share-based Payment Award, Option, Fully Vested, Expiration Period 5 years      
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]        
Compensation cost [Abstract]        
Fair value of vested shares $ 522 $ 303 $ 252  
Compensation cost (a) 411 356 223  
Tax benefit from compensation expense 100 $ 104 $ 113  
Unrealized compensation cost on non-vested stock $ 450      
Unrealized compensation weighted average period non-vested stock 1 year 10 months 24 days      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Requisite Service Period 3 years      
Stock activity rollforward        
Outstanding, beginning of year (in shares) 80,600,000      
Granted (in shares) 61,800,000      
Vested (in shares) (41,900,000)      
Forfeited (in shares) (4,800,000)      
Outstanding, end of year (in shares) 95,700,000 80,600,000    
Outstanding, beginning of year (weighted-average grant date fair value) $ 13.86      
Granted (weighted-average grant-date fair value) 12.49      
Vested (weighted-average grant-date fair value) 12.45      
Forfeited (weighted-average grant-date fair value) 13.62      
Outstanding, end of year (weighted-average grant date fair value) $ 13.44 $ 13.86    
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Share-based Payment Arrangement, Nonemployee        
Stock activity rollforward        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Outstanding, Number 1,285,271      
Performance Shares [Member]        
Assumptions [Abstract]        
Fair value per stock award $ 18.50 18.57 $ 18.10  
Grant date stock price $ 12.74 $ 13.08 $ 16.85  
Ford’s stock price expected volatility (a) 41.90% 49.50% 44.80%  
Risk-free interest rate 4.43% 4.57% 1.62%  
Period Used In Expected Volatility Calculations 3 years      
Equity Option [Member]        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Expiration Period 10 years      
Compensation cost [Abstract]        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Requisite Service Period 3 years      
PeerGroup [Member] | Performance Shares [Member]        
Assumptions [Abstract]        
Ford’s stock price expected volatility (a) 40.70% 49.60% 39.60%  
v3.25.0.1
Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Income/(Loss) before income taxes (in millions)      
Income/(Loss) before income taxes $ 7,233 $ 3,967 $ (3,016)
Current Federal Tax Expense (Benefit) 78 62 68
Current      
Non-U.S. 791 948 781
State and local 107 229 123
Total current 976 1,239 972
Deferred      
Federal 25 (413) (2,292)
Non-U.S. 303 (1,149) 688
State and local 35 (39) (232)
Total deferred 363 (1,601) (1,836)
Provision for/(Benefit from) income taxes (Note 7) $ 1,339 $ (362) $ (864)
Reconciliation of effective tax rate      
U.S. statutory tax rate 21.00% 21.00% 21.00%
Non-U.S. tax rate differential 2.90% (3.40%) (8.70%)
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, State and Local Income Taxes, Percent 1.70% 1.90% 2.30%
General business credits (5.90%) (15.90%) 13.00%
Nontaxable Foreign Currency Gains and Losses 0.00% 0.00% (4.20%)
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Disposition of Business, Percent 0.00% (14.70%) (7.00%)
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation Foreign Operations Taxed In United States (0.20%) 7.70% 2.80%
Prior year settlements and claims 0.10% 1.20% 1.50%
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Export Incentives, Percent (2.20%) (3.90%) 2.00%
Enacted change in tax laws 0.40% 0.10% (2.00%)
Valuation allowances (1.00%) (0.70%) 6.20%
Other 1.70% (2.40%) 1.70%
Effective tax rate 18.50% (9.10%) 28.60%
Undistributed Foreign Earnings, Deferred Taxes Not Provided $ 14,700    
Deferred tax assets      
Net operating loss carryforwards 7,458 $ 7,262  
Tax credit carryforwards 7,993 8,944  
Research expenditures 4,873 3,799  
Dealer and dealers’ customer allowances and claims 3,498 2,752  
Employee benefit plans 2,010 2,470  
Other foreign deferred tax assets 2,691 3,456  
All other 1,995 2,299  
Total gross deferred tax assets 30,518 30,982  
Less: Valuation allowances (3,856) (4,187)  
Total net deferred tax assets 26,662 26,795  
Deferred tax liabilities      
Leasing transactions 3,523 3,253  
Depreciation and amortization (excluding leasing transactions) 3,590 3,389  
Finance receivables 524 699  
Other foreign deferred tax liabilities 1,381 1,255  
All other 2,343 2,219  
Total deferred tax liabilities 11,361 10,815  
Net deferred tax assets/(liabilities) 26,662 26,795  
Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance 3,856 4,187  
Valuation Allowance, Deferred Tax Asset, Increase (Decrease), Amount     $ (405)
Operating Loss Carryforwards 23,700    
Tax Credit Carryforwards 8,000    
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits [Roll Forward]      
Beginning balance 2,913 2,939  
Increase – tax positions in prior periods 512 103  
Increase – tax positions in current period 11 45  
Decrease – tax positions in prior periods (775) (79)  
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Decrease Resulting from Settlements with Taxing Authorities (13) (115)  
Lapse of statute of limitations (5) (33)  
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Increase Resulting from Foreign Currency Translation (103)    
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Decrease Resulting from Foreign Currency Translation   53  
Ending balance 2,540 2,913 2,939
Unrecognized Tax Benefits that Would Impact Effective Tax Rate 2,500 2,900  
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Interest on Income Taxes Expense 21 16 23
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Interest on Income Taxes Receivable 37 25  
Income Taxes Paid, Net $ 1,218 1,027 801
Tax Credit Carryforward Remaining Carryforward Period 12 years    
Deferred Tax Assets, Net $ 15,301 15,980  
Change in Deferred Tax Not Recognized, Undistributed Earnings of Foreign Subsidiaries, Due to Restructuring   610  
UNITED STATES      
Income/(Loss) before income taxes (in millions)      
Income/(Loss) before income taxes 3,424 3,395 (6,548)
Non-US      
Income/(Loss) before income taxes (in millions)      
Income/(Loss) before income taxes 3,809 $ 572 $ 3,532
OperatingLossCarryforwardNotSubjectToExpiration [Member]      
Deferred tax liabilities      
Operating Loss Carryforwards $ 6,100    
v3.25.0.1
Capital Stock and Earnings Per Share Capital Stock and Earnings Per Share - Narrative (Details)
Dec. 31, 2024
$ / shares
Common Stock  
Class of Stock [Line Items]  
Stock Voting Power Percentage 60.00%
First Liquidation Right Amount Available For Distribution Per Share $ 0.50
Third Liquidation Right Amount Available For Distribution Per Share $ 0.50
Class B Stock  
Class of Stock [Line Items]  
Stock Voting Power Percentage 40.00%
Second Liquidation Right Amount Available For Distribution Per Share $ 1.00
v3.25.0.1
Capital Stock and Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)
shares in Millions, $ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Basic and Diluted Income Attributable to Ford Motor Company [Abstract]      
Net income/(loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company $ 5,879 $ 4,347 $ (1,981)
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted [Abstract]      
Basic shares (average shares outstanding) 3,978 3,998 4,014
Weighted Average Number Diluted Shares Outstanding Adjustment 43 43 0
Diluted shares 4,021 4,041 4,014
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount     42
v3.25.0.1
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Jun. 30, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Cash and cash equivalents $ 22,935   $ 24,862
Restricted Cash 208   248
Grant date stock price   $ 12.54  
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operations 47   0
Fair Value, Recurring      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Fair Value Disclosure 7,323   8,625
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Short-term Investments 15,612   16,237
Investments, Fair Value Disclosure 15,413   15,309
U.S. government | Fair Value, Recurring | Level 1      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Fair Value Disclosure 1,953   3,232
Investments, Fair Value Disclosure 3,715   4,674
U.S. government agencies | Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Fair Value Disclosure 2,929   2,700
Investments, Fair Value Disclosure 1,691   1,823
Non-U.S. government and agencies | Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Fair Value Disclosure 1,443   975
Investments, Fair Value Disclosure 2,351   2,205
Corporate debt | Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Fair Value Disclosure 998   1,718
Investments, Fair Value Disclosure 6,928   6,075
Equity Securities | Fair Value, Recurring | Level 1      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Investments, Fair Value Disclosure 22   23
Other marketable securities | Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Investments, Fair Value Disclosure 706   509
Operating Segments | Ford Credit      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Cash and cash equivalents 9,272   10,658
Restricted Cash 88   137
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operations 0   0
Operating Segments | Ford Credit | Fair Value, Recurring      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Fair Value Disclosure 1,963   1,914
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Short-term Investments 7,309   8,744
Investments, Fair Value Disclosure 706   789
Operating Segments | Ford Credit | U.S. government | Fair Value, Recurring | Level 1      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Fair Value Disclosure 854   912
Investments, Fair Value Disclosure 185   207
Operating Segments | Ford Credit | U.S. government agencies | Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Fair Value Disclosure 400   625
Investments, Fair Value Disclosure 0   49
Operating Segments | Ford Credit | Non-U.S. government and agencies | Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Fair Value Disclosure 370   276
Investments, Fair Value Disclosure 79   109
Operating Segments | Ford Credit | Corporate debt | Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Fair Value Disclosure 339   101
Investments, Fair Value Disclosure 252   268
Operating Segments | Ford Credit | Equity Securities | Fair Value, Recurring | Level 1      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Investments, Fair Value Disclosure 0   0
Operating Segments | Ford Credit | Other marketable securities | Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Investments, Fair Value Disclosure 190   156
Operating Segments | Company excluding Ford Credit      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Cash and cash equivalents 13,663   14,204
Restricted Cash 120   111
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operations 47   0
Operating Segments | Company excluding Ford Credit | Fair Value, Recurring      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Fair Value Disclosure 5,360   6,711
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Short-term Investments 8,303   7,493
Investments, Fair Value Disclosure 14,707   14,520
Operating Segments | Company excluding Ford Credit | U.S. government | Fair Value, Recurring | Level 1      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Fair Value Disclosure 1,099   2,320
Investments, Fair Value Disclosure 3,530   4,467
Operating Segments | Company excluding Ford Credit | U.S. government agencies | Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Fair Value Disclosure 2,529   2,075
Investments, Fair Value Disclosure 1,691   1,774
Operating Segments | Company excluding Ford Credit | Non-U.S. government and agencies | Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Fair Value Disclosure 1,073   699
Investments, Fair Value Disclosure 2,272   2,096
Operating Segments | Company excluding Ford Credit | Corporate debt | Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Fair Value Disclosure 659   1,617
Investments, Fair Value Disclosure 6,676   5,807
Operating Segments | Company excluding Ford Credit | Equity Securities | Fair Value, Recurring | Level 1      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Investments, Fair Value Disclosure 22   23
Operating Segments | Company excluding Ford Credit | Other marketable securities | Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Investments, Fair Value Disclosure $ 516   $ 353
v3.25.0.1
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities Available for Sale Securities (Details) - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]      
Sales proceeds $ 11,026,000,000 $ 3,140,000,000 $ 6,207,000,000
Gross realized gains 17,000,000 2,000,000 7,000,000
Gross realized losses 28,000,000 37,000,000 26,000,000
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss, Period Increase (Decrease) 0 0 $ 0
Operating Segments | Company excluding Ford Credit      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost 15,051,000,000 16,214,000,000  
Gross Unrealized Gains 41,000,000 40,000,000  
Gross Unrealized Losses (118,000,000) (274,000,000)  
Fair Value 14,974,000,000 15,980,000,000  
Within 1 Year 3,810,000,000 6,079,000,000  
After 1 Year through 5 Years 11,051,000,000 9,783,000,000  
After 5 Years 113,000,000 118,000,000  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months 6,022,000,000 3,603,000,000  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss (35,000,000) (5,000,000)  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer 3,020,000,000 7,771,000,000  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss (83,000,000) (269,000,000)  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Total 9,042,000,000 11,374,000,000  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss (118,000,000) (274,000,000)  
Operating Segments | Company excluding Ford Credit | U.S. government      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost 3,476,000,000 4,458,000,000  
Gross Unrealized Gains 1,000,000 6,000,000  
Gross Unrealized Losses (27,000,000) (66,000,000)  
Fair Value 3,450,000,000 4,398,000,000  
Within 1 Year 282,000,000 2,172,000,000  
After 1 Year through 5 Years 3,168,000,000 2,216,000,000  
After 5 Years 0 10,000,000  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months 2,500,000,000 619,000,000  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss (17,000,000) (2,000,000)  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer 431,000,000 2,735,000,000  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss (10,000,000) (64,000,000)  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Total 2,931,000,000 3,354,000,000  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss (27,000,000) (66,000,000)  
Operating Segments | Company excluding Ford Credit | U.S. government agencies      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost 1,755,000,000 2,053,000,000  
Gross Unrealized Gains 1,000,000 4,000,000  
Gross Unrealized Losses (30,000,000) (62,000,000)  
Fair Value 1,726,000,000 1,995,000,000  
Within 1 Year 697,000,000 490,000,000  
After 1 Year through 5 Years 1,010,000,000 1,487,000,000  
After 5 Years 19,000,000 18,000,000  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months 423,000,000 283,000,000  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss (1,000,000) (1,000,000)  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer 893,000,000 1,068,000,000  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss (29,000,000) (61,000,000)  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Total 1,316,000,000 1,351,000,000  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss (30,000,000) (62,000,000)  
Operating Segments | Company excluding Ford Credit | Non-U.S. government and agencies      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost 2,039,000,000 1,948,000,000  
Gross Unrealized Gains 1,000,000 1,000,000  
Gross Unrealized Losses (39,000,000) (75,000,000)  
Fair Value 2,001,000,000 1,874,000,000  
Within 1 Year 559,000,000 587,000,000  
After 1 Year through 5 Years 1,429,000,000 1,275,000,000  
After 5 Years 13,000,000 12,000,000  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months 666,000,000 67,000,000  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss (7,000,000) 0  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer 1,060,000,000 1,654,000,000  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss (32,000,000) (75,000,000)  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Total 1,726,000,000 1,721,000,000  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss (39,000,000) (75,000,000)  
Operating Segments | Company excluding Ford Credit | Corporate debt      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost 7,295,000,000 7,433,000,000  
Gross Unrealized Gains 35,000,000 27,000,000  
Gross Unrealized Losses (21,000,000) (67,000,000)  
Fair Value 7,309,000,000 7,393,000,000  
Within 1 Year 2,272,000,000 2,830,000,000  
After 1 Year through 5 Years 5,033,000,000 4,558,000,000  
After 5 Years 4,000,000 5,000,000  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months 2,366,000,000 2,608,000,000  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss (10,000,000) (2,000,000)  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer 568,000,000 2,192,000,000  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss (11,000,000) (65,000,000)  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Total 2,934,000,000 4,800,000,000  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss (21,000,000) (67,000,000)  
Operating Segments | Company excluding Ford Credit | Other marketable securities      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost 486,000,000 322,000,000  
Gross Unrealized Gains 3,000,000 2,000,000  
Gross Unrealized Losses (1,000,000) (4,000,000)  
Fair Value 488,000,000 320,000,000  
Within 1 Year 0 0  
After 1 Year through 5 Years 411,000,000 247,000,000  
After 5 Years 77,000,000 73,000,000  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months 67,000,000 26,000,000  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss 0 0  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer 68,000,000 122,000,000  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss (1,000,000) (4,000,000)  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Total 135,000,000 148,000,000  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss $ (1,000,000) $ (4,000,000)  
v3.25.0.1
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash [Abstract]        
Cash and cash equivalents $ 22,935 $ 24,862    
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - held-for-sale (Note 21) 208 248    
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash $ 23,190 25,110 $ 25,340 $ 20,737
Restricted Cash, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Other assets      
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operations $ 47 $ 0    
v3.25.0.1
Ford Credit Finance Receivables Net (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Current portion $ 51,850 $ 46,425  
Financing Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Noncurrent $ 59,786 55,650  
Number Of Days After Which Finance Receivable Is Considered Past Due 31 days    
Wholesale Loans Percentage of Dealer Financing 97.00%    
Minimum      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Definition of Probable 70.00%    
Ford Credit      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss $ 112,500 102,957  
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 112,500 102,957  
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss (864) (882)  
Finance receivables, net 111,636 102,075  
Current portion 51,850 46,425  
Financing Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Noncurrent 59,786 55,650  
Net finance receivables subject to fair value $ 103,755 $ 94,728  
Sales-Type Lease, Lease Income, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration] Total revenues (Note 4) Total revenues (Note 4) Total revenues (Note 4)
Ford Credit | Consumer      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Finance Receivable Before Unearned Interest Supplements $ 87,816 $ 81,618  
Ford Credit | Consumer | Retail Installment Contracts      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Finance Receivable Before Unearned Interest Supplements 79,459 73,825  
Ford Credit | Consumer | Retail financing      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 83,218 78,274  
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 83,218 78,274  
Unearned interest supplements (4,598) (3,344)  
Ford Credit | Finance leases, gross | Retail financing      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Finance leases, gross 8,357 7,793  
Ford Credit | Non-consumer      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 29,282 24,683  
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 29,282 24,683  
Ford Credit | Non-consumer | Dealer financing      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 29,282 24,683  
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 29,282 24,683  
Ford Credit | Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Fair value (b) 103,231 93,189  
Operating Segments | Ford Credit      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Unearned interest supplements (437) (408)  
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss (864) (882) $ (845)
Operating Segments | Ford Credit | Consumer      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 83,218 78,274  
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 83,218 78,274  
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss (860) (879) (838)
Operating Segments | Ford Credit | Non-consumer      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 29,282 24,683  
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 29,282 24,683  
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss (4) (3) $ (7)
Operating Segments | Ford Credit | Securitization Transactions VIE Primary Beneficiary and Non VIEs Primary Beneficiary      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Finance receivables, net $ 71,600 $ 66,800  
v3.25.0.1
Ford Credit Finance Receivables Ford Credit Finance Leases (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Uncollected Interest Receivable Excluded From Finance Receivable $ 335 $ 294  
Consumer      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Continuing Involvement with Continued to be Recognized Transferred Financial Assets, Amount Outstanding 47,600 46,000  
Non-consumer      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Continuing Involvement with Continued to be Recognized Transferred Financial Assets, Amount Outstanding 24,400 21,300  
Ford Credit      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Sales-type Lease, Lease Income 515 381 $ 303
Sales-type and Direct Financing Leases, Lease Receivables, Gross Difference, Amount [Abstract]      
Allowance for credit losses (864) (882)  
Ford Credit | Operating Segments      
Sales-type and Direct Financing Leases, Lease Receivable, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]      
2025 1,848    
2026 1,658    
2027 1,345    
2028 868    
2029 122    
Thereafter 4    
Total future cash payments 5,845    
Less: Present value discount 478    
Sales-Type and Direct Financing Lease, Net Investment in Lease 5,367    
Sales-type and Direct Financing Leases, Lease Receivables, Gross Difference, Amount [Abstract]      
Sales-Type and Direct Financing Lease, Gross 5,367 4,787  
Unguaranteed residual assets 2,883 2,910  
Initial direct costs 107 96  
Unearned interest supplements from Ford and affiliated companies (437) (408)  
Allowance for credit losses (864) (882) (845)
Sales-Type and Direct Financing Lease, Net Investment in Lease 5,367    
Ford Credit | Operating Segments | Consumer      
Sales-type and Direct Financing Leases, Lease Receivables, Gross Difference, Amount [Abstract]      
Allowance for credit losses (860) (879) (838)
Ford Credit | Operating Segments | Non-consumer      
Sales-type and Direct Financing Leases, Lease Receivables, Gross Difference, Amount [Abstract]      
Allowance for credit losses $ (4) (3) $ (7)
Ford Credit | Operating Segments | Minimum      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Lessor, Sales-type Lease, Term of Contract 24 months    
Ford Credit | Operating Segments | Maximum      
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]      
Lessor, Sales-type Lease, Term of Contract 60 months    
Ford Credit | Operating Segments | Finance Leases Portfolio Segment      
Sales-type and Direct Financing Leases, Lease Receivable, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]      
Sales-Type and Direct Financing Lease, Net Investment in Lease $ 7,881 7,347  
Sales-type and Direct Financing Leases, Lease Receivables, Gross Difference, Amount [Abstract]      
Sales-type and Direct Financing Leases, Lease Receivable 8,357 7,793  
Allowance for credit losses (39) (38)  
Sales-Type and Direct Financing Lease, Net Investment in Lease $ 7,881 $ 7,347  
v3.25.0.1
Ford Credit Finance Receivables Aging (Details) - Ford Credit
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss $ 112,500 $ 102,957
Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff $ 575 405
Minimum | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Lessor, Sales-type Lease, Term of Contract 24 months  
Maximum | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Lessor, Sales-type Lease, Term of Contract 60 months  
Consumer | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss $ 83,218 78,274
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 846 947
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 3,282 2,423
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 5,597 7,552
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 12,519 11,473
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 24,477 20,502
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year $ 36,497 $ 35,377
Financing Receivable Percent of Consumer Finance Receivables 1.000 1.000
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year, Writeoff $ 46 $ 47
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year, Writeoff 58 40
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year, Writeoff 71 75
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year, Writeoff 152 85
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year, Writeoff 191 117
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year, Writeoff 50 37
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff 568 401
Consumer | Financing Receivables, 31 to 60 Days Past due [Member] | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 872 690
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 43 40
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 93 49
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 104 130
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 187 125
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 242 187
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year $ 203 $ 159
Financing Receivable Percent of Consumer Finance Receivables 0.010 0.009
Consumer | Financing Receivables, Greater than 120 Days Past due [Member] | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss $ 50 $ 43
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 7 7
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 7 4
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 8 7
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 11 10
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 12 10
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year $ 5 $ 5
Financing Receivable Percent of Consumer Finance Receivables 0.001 0.001
Consumer | Financing Receivables, 61 to 120 Days Past due [Member] | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss $ 225 $ 195
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 8 9
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 20 11
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 27 30
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 46 37
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 70 58
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year $ 54 $ 50
Financing Receivable Percent of Consumer Finance Receivables 0.003 0.002
Consumer | Financial Asset, Greater than 30 Days Past Due [Member] | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss $ 1,147 $ 928
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 58 56
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 120 64
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 139 167
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 244 172
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 324 255
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year $ 262 $ 214
Financing Receivable Percent of Consumer Finance Receivables 0.014 0.012
Consumer | Financial Asset, 1 to 29 Days Past Due [Member] | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss $ 82,071 $ 77,346
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 788 891
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 3,162 2,359
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 5,458 7,385
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 12,275 11,301
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 24,153 20,247
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year $ 36,235 $ 35,163
Financing Receivable Percent of Consumer Finance Receivables 0.986 0.988
Non-consumer    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss $ 29,282 $ 24,683
Non-consumer | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 29,282 24,683
Financing Receivable, Revolving 28,259 23,586
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff 7 4
Financing Receivable, Revolving, Writeoff 6 3
Non-consumer | Group IV | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 47 44
Financing Receivable, Revolving 46 41
Non-consumer | Group I | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 26,196 21,438
Financing Receivable, Revolving 25,257 20,419
Non-consumer | Group II | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 2,570 2,900
Financing Receivable, Revolving 2,494 2,834
Non-consumer | Group III | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 469 301
Financing Receivable, Revolving 462 292
Non-consumer | Dealer financing    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss $ 29,282 $ 24,683
Non-consumer | Dealer financing | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, Percent of Dealer Finance Receivables 1.000 1.000
Non-consumer | Dealer financing | Group IV | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, Percent of Dealer Finance Receivables 0.002 0.002
Non-consumer | Dealer financing | Group I | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, Percent of Dealer Finance Receivables 0.894 0.869
Non-consumer | Dealer financing | Group II | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, Percent of Dealer Finance Receivables 0.088 0.117
Non-consumer | Dealer financing | Group III | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, Percent of Dealer Finance Receivables 0.016 0.012
Non-consumer | Dealer Loans [Member] | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss $ 1,023 $ 1,097
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 283 399
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 63 31
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 102 59
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 48 159
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 246 64
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year 281 385
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year, Writeoff 1 0
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year, Writeoff 0 0
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year, Writeoff 0 0
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year, Writeoff 0 0
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year, Writeoff 0 0
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year, Writeoff 0 1
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff 1 1
Non-consumer | Dealer Loans [Member] | Group IV | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 1 3
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 0 0
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 0 1
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 0 0
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 0 0
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 0 0
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year 1 2
Non-consumer | Dealer Loans [Member] | Group I | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 939 1,019
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 270 383
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 63 30
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 97 58
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 47 156
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 217 61
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year 245 331
Non-consumer | Dealer Loans [Member] | Group II | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 76 66
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 13 16
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 0 0
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 3 1
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 1 3
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 28 2
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year 31 44
Non-consumer | Dealer Loans [Member] | Group III | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 7 9
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 0 0
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 0 0
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 2 0
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 0 0
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 1 1
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year $ 4 $ 8
v3.25.0.1
Ford Credit Finance Receivables - Credit Quality (Details)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Ford Credit    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss $ 112,500 $ 102,957
Non-accrual of Financing Revenue 90 days  
Ford Credit | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff $ 575 405
Consumer | Ford Credit | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 83,218 78,274
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 846 947
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 3,282 2,423
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 5,597 7,552
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 12,519 11,473
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 24,477 20,502
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year 36,497 35,377
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff 568 401
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year, Writeoff 191 117
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year, Writeoff 46 47
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year, Writeoff 58 40
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year, Writeoff 71 75
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year, Writeoff 152 85
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year, Writeoff $ 50 37
Consumer | Minimum | Special Mention [Member]    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Finance Receivables Credit Quality Ratings Term Range 61 days  
Consumer | Minimum | Substandard [Member]    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Finance Receivables Credit Quality Ratings Term Range 120 days  
Consumer | Maximum | Pass [Member]    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Finance Receivables Credit Quality Ratings Term Range 60 days  
Consumer | Maximum | Special Mention [Member]    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Finance Receivables Credit Quality Ratings Term Range 120 days  
Non-consumer | Ford Credit    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss $ 29,282 24,683
Non-consumer | Ford Credit | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 29,282 24,683
Financing Receivable, Revolving 28,259 23,586
Financing Receivable, Revolving, Writeoff 6 3
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff 7 4
Non-consumer | Group I | Ford Credit | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 26,196 21,438
Financing Receivable, Revolving 25,257 20,419
Non-consumer | Group II | Ford Credit | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 2,570 2,900
Financing Receivable, Revolving 2,494 2,834
Non-consumer | Group III | Ford Credit | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 469 301
Financing Receivable, Revolving 462 292
Non-consumer | Group IV | Ford Credit | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 47 44
Financing Receivable, Revolving 46 41
Non-consumer | Dealer financing | Ford Credit    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss $ 29,282 $ 24,683
Non-consumer | Dealer financing | Ford Credit | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, Percent of Dealer Finance Receivables 1.000 1.000
Non-consumer | Dealer financing | Ford Credit | Financing Receivable Total Past Due    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss $ 8 $ 33
Non-consumer | Dealer financing | Group I | Ford Credit | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, Percent of Dealer Finance Receivables 0.894 0.869
Non-consumer | Dealer financing | Group II | Ford Credit | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, Percent of Dealer Finance Receivables 0.088 0.117
Non-consumer | Dealer financing | Group III | Ford Credit | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, Percent of Dealer Finance Receivables 0.016 0.012
Non-consumer | Dealer financing | Group IV | Ford Credit | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, Percent of Dealer Finance Receivables 0.002 0.002
Non-consumer | Dealer Loans [Member] | Ford Credit | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss $ 1,023 $ 1,097
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 283 399
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 63 31
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 102 59
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 48 159
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 246 64
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year 281 385
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff 1 1
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year, Writeoff 0 0
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year, Writeoff 1 0
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year, Writeoff 0 0
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year, Writeoff 0 0
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year, Writeoff 0 0
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year, Writeoff 0 1
Non-consumer | Dealer Loans [Member] | Group I | Ford Credit | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 939 1,019
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 270 383
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 63 30
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 97 58
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 47 156
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 217 61
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year 245 331
Non-consumer | Dealer Loans [Member] | Group II | Ford Credit | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 76 66
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 13 16
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 0 0
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 3 1
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 1 3
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 28 2
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year 31 44
Non-consumer | Dealer Loans [Member] | Group III | Ford Credit | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 7 9
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 0 0
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 0 0
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 2 0
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 0 0
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 1 1
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year 4 8
Non-consumer | Dealer Loans [Member] | Group IV | Ford Credit | Operating Segments    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 1 3
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 0 0
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 0 1
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 0 0
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 0 0
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 0 0
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year $ 1 $ 2
v3.25.0.1
Ford Credit Allowance for Credit Losses (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]        
Financing Receivable, Threshold Period Past Due, Writeoff 120 days      
Stockholders' Equity, Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest $ 44,858 $ 42,798 $ 43,167 $ 48,622
Ford Credit        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss 864 882    
Ending balance 864 882    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Period Increase (Decrease) (18)      
Ford Credit | Operating Segments        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss 864 882 845  
Charge-offs (575) (405)    
Recoveries 163 153    
Provision for credit losses 417 278    
Financing Receivable Allowance For Credit Losses Other (23) 11    
Ending balance 864 882    
Ford Credit | Consumer | Operating Segments        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss 860 879 838  
Charge-offs (568) (401)    
Recoveries 160 151    
Provision for credit losses 412 280    
Financing Receivable Allowance For Credit Losses Other (23) 11    
Ending balance 860 879    
Ford Credit | Non-consumer | Operating Segments        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss 4 3 $ 7  
Charge-offs (7) (4)    
Recoveries 3 2    
Provision for credit losses 5 (2)    
Financing Receivable Allowance For Credit Losses Other 0 0    
Ending balance $ 4 $ 3    
v3.25.0.1
Inventories (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]    
Raw materials, work-in-process, and supplies $ 5,394 $ 6,196
Finished products 9,557 9,455
Total inventories $ 14,951 $ 15,651
v3.25.0.1
Net Investment in Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Operating Leases, Income Statement, Lease Revenue [Abstract]        
Assets, Current $ 124,474 $ 121,481    
Total assets 285,196 273,310 $ 255,884  
Total current liabilities 106,859 101,531    
Total liabilities 240,338 230,512    
Equity attributable to noncontrolling interests 23 25 (75) $ 103
Operating Segments | Ford Credit        
Operating Leases, Income Statement, Lease Revenue [Abstract]        
Operating lease depreciation expense 2,482 2,309 2,240  
Total assets 157,534 148,521 $ 137,954  
Securitization Transactions VIE Primary Beneficiary and Non VIEs Primary Beneficiary | Operating Segments | Ford Credit        
Operating Leases, Income Statement, Lease Revenue [Abstract]        
Vehicles, net of depreciation 13,300 11,200    
Property Subject to Operating Lease [Member]        
Operating Leases, Income Statement, Lease Revenue [Abstract]        
Vehicles, net of depreciation 22,947 21,384    
Property Subject to Operating Lease [Member] | Operating Segments | Ford Credit        
Operating Leases, Income Statement, Lease Revenue [Abstract]        
Vehicles, at cost (a) 25,424 24,182    
Accumulated depreciation (3,735) (3,850)    
Vehicles, net of depreciation 21,689 20,332    
Property Subject to Operating Lease [Member] | Operating Segments | Company excluding Ford Credit        
Operating Leases, Income Statement, Lease Revenue [Abstract]        
Vehicles, net of depreciation $ 1,258 $ 1,052    
v3.25.0.1
Net Investment in Operating Leases Operating Lease Amounts Contractually Due (Details)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]  
Lessor, Operating Lease, Payments to be Received, Next Twelve Months $ 3,774
Lessor, Operating Lease, Payments to be Received, Two Years 2,594
Lessor, Operating Lease, Payments to be Received, Three Years 1,181
Lessor, Operating Lease, Payments to be Received, Four Years 243
Lessor, Operating Lease, Payment to be Received, Year Five 14
Lessor, Operating Lease, Payments to be Received $ 7,806
v3.25.0.1
Net Property (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]      
Net property $ 41,928 $ 40,821  
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization [Abstract]      
Depreciation and other amortization 3,067 3,041 $ 2,878
Tooling amortization (1,700) (1,167) (1,149)
Depreciation, Depletion, and Amortization, Including Impairment 5,085 5,381 5,434
Maintenance and rearrangement $ 1,919 1,909 2,083
Machinery and Equipment      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life 14 years 6 months    
Software      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life 8 years    
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]      
Gross property $ 5,694 5,423  
Land      
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]      
Gross property $ 360 367  
Land Improvements      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life 30 years    
Buildings      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life 40 years    
Building and Building Improvements      
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]      
Gross property $ 13,912 12,636  
Other Machinery and Equipment      
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]      
Gross property 40,765 41,202  
Construction in progress      
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]      
Gross property 6,240 5,308  
Total land, plant and equipment, and other      
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]      
Gross property 66,971 64,936  
Accumulated depreciation (33,525) (33,679)  
Net property 33,446 31,257  
Tools, Dies and Molds      
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]      
Net property 8,482 9,564  
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization [Abstract]      
Tooling amortization $ 2,018 $ 2,340 $ 2,556
Minimum      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life 3 years    
Maximum      
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]      
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life 40 years    
v3.25.0.1
Equity in Net Assets of Affiliated Companies (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]        
Equity Method Investments $ 6,821 $ 5,548    
Dividends from affiliated companies 418 381 $ 452  
Assets, Current 124,474 121,481    
Total assets 285,196 273,310 255,884  
Total current liabilities 106,859 101,531    
Total liabilities 240,338 230,512    
Equity attributable to noncontrolling interests 23 25 (75) $ 103
Revenues 184,992 176,191 158,057  
Income/(Loss) before income taxes 7,233 3,967 (3,016)  
Net income/(loss) 5,894 4,329 (2,152)  
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest 15 (18) (171)  
Equity Method Investment, Nonconsolidated Investee or Group of Investees        
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]        
Assets, Current 11,965 11,223    
Assets, Noncurrent 22,603 16,907    
Total assets 34,568 28,130    
Total current liabilities 10,653 11,232    
Liabilities, Noncurrent 11,635 6,572    
Total liabilities 22,288 17,804    
Equity attributable to noncontrolling interests 113 61    
Revenues 34,025 31,052 27,153  
Income/(Loss) before income taxes 1,315 991 (1,806)  
Net income/(loss) 1,582 1,207 (1,769)  
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest (37) (63) (8)  
Operating Segments        
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]        
Income/(Loss) before income taxes 10,827 11,176 $ 9,667  
Blue Oval SK LLC        
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]        
Equity Method Investments $ 4,154 3,254    
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage 50.00%      
Equity Method Investment, Committed Capital, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period 2 years      
Ford Otomotiv Sanayi Anonim Sirketi        
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]        
Equity Method Investments $ 1,028 807    
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage 41.00%      
Jiangling Motors Corporation, Limited        
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]        
Equity Method Investments $ 521 495    
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage 32.00%      
Equity Method Investment, Other-than-Temporary Impairment   12    
Changan Ford Automobile Corporation, Limited        
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]        
Equity Method Investments $ 356 225    
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage 50.00%      
Equity Method Investment, Other-than-Temporary Impairment $ 16 432    
AutoAlliance (Thailand) Co., Ltd.        
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]        
Equity Method Investments $ 339 344    
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage 50.00%      
FFS Finance South Africa (Pty) Limited        
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]        
Equity Method Investments $ 76 65    
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage 50.00%      
Ionity Holding GmbH & Co. KG        
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]        
Equity Method Investments $ 114 96    
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage 15.00%      
Other Equity Investments        
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]        
Equity Method Investments $ 233 $ 262    
v3.25.0.1
Equity in Net Assets of Affiliated Companies Equity in Net Assets of Affiliated Companies - Transactions with equity method investees (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]        
Royalty income   $ 503 $ 477 $ 483
Operating Segments | Argo AI [Member] | Company excluding Ford Credit        
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]        
Equity Method Investment, Other-than-Temporary Impairment $ 2,700      
Related Party        
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]        
Sales   6,049 5,237 4,369
Purchases   16,629 13,457 9,670
Royalty income   363 329 $ 483
Accounts Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss   1,149 1,070  
Accounts Payable   $ 1,758 $ 1,766  
v3.25.0.1
Other Liabilities and Deferred Revenue (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Other Liabilities, Current [Abstract]    
Dealer and dealers’ customer allowances and claims $ 14,140 $ 12,910
Deferred revenue 3,331 2,515
Employee benefit plans 2,457 2,282
Accrued interest 1,346 1,224
OPEB 335 331
Pension 215 205
Operating lease liabilities 558 481
Other (a) 5,400 5,922
Total current other liabilities and deferred revenue 27,782 25,870
Other Liabilities, Noncurrent [Abstract]    
Pension 4,470 6,383
OPEB 4,080 4,365
Deferred revenue 4,910 5,051
Dealer and dealers’ customer allowances and claims 9,836 7,506
Operating lease liabilities 1,782 1,395
Employee benefit plans 806 837
Other (a) 2,948 2,877
Total non-current other liabilities and deferred revenue 28,832 28,414
Derivative Liability, Current 1,000 1,000
Derivative Liability, Noncurrent $ 900 $ 1,300
Derivative Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Total current other liabilities and deferred revenue Total current other liabilities and deferred revenue
Derivative Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Total non-current other liabilities and deferred revenue Total non-current other liabilities and deferred revenue
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Total current other liabilities and deferred revenue Total current other liabilities and deferred revenue
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Total non-current other liabilities and deferred revenue Total non-current other liabilities and deferred revenue
v3.25.0.1
Retirement Benefits (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]      
Defined Contribution Plan, Cost $ 177 $ 155 $ 152
Pension Plan      
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]      
Defined Contribution Plan, Cost 699 546 478
Assumptions used to determine net benefit cost [Abstract]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit), (Gain) Loss Due to Settlement, Curtailment, and Other 240 $ 360 544
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Employer Contributions, Next Fiscal Year $ 800    
Other Postretirement Benefit Plan, Defined Benefit      
Weighted average assumptions [Abstract]      
Discount Rate 5.46% 5.10%  
Average rate of increase in compensation 3.80% 3.98%  
Assumptions used to determine net benefit cost [Abstract]      
Expected long-term rate of return on assets 0.00% 0.00%  
Average rate of increase in compensation 3.98% 3.65%  
Defined Benefit Plan, Other Cost (Credit) $ 0 $ 1 0
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit) 148 542 (1,130)
Service cost 24 21 42
Interest cost 226 231 146
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Return (Loss) on Plan Assets 0 0 0
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits) 10 3 (3)
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss (112) 286 (1,314)
Settlements and curtailments $ 0 $ 0 (1)
Other Postretirement Benefit Plan Service Cost [Member]      
Assumptions used to determine net benefit cost [Abstract]      
Discount Rate 5.28% 5.65%  
Other Postretirement Benefit Plan Interest Cost [Member]      
Assumptions used to determine net benefit cost [Abstract]      
Discount Rate 5.02% 5.36%  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan      
Weighted average assumptions [Abstract]      
Discount Rate 4.51% 3.98%  
Average rate of increase in compensation 3.52% 3.54%  
Assumptions used to determine net benefit cost [Abstract]      
Expected long-term rate of return on assets 4.53% 4.13%  
Average rate of increase in compensation 3.54% 3.42%  
Defined Benefit Plan, Other Cost (Credit) $ 111 $ 261 63
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit) (738) 1,544 (439)
Service cost 248 245 416
Interest cost 938 965 504
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Return (Loss) on Plan Assets (1,019) (890) (1,006)
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits) 25 22 22
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss (1,019) 932 (436)
Settlements and curtailments $ (22) $ 9 (2)
Non-U.S. Plans | Foreign Pension Plan Service Cost [Member]      
Assumptions used to determine net benefit cost [Abstract]      
Discount Rate 3.92% 4.29%  
Non-U.S. Plans | Foreign Pension Plan Interest Cost [Member]      
Assumptions used to determine net benefit cost [Abstract]      
Discount Rate 4.01% 4.45%  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan      
Weighted average assumptions [Abstract]      
Discount Rate 5.65% 5.17%  
Average rate of increase in compensation 3.80% 4.05%  
Assumptions used to determine net benefit cost [Abstract]      
Expected long-term rate of return on assets 5.93% 6.25%  
Average rate of increase in compensation 4.05% 3.70%  
Defined Benefit Plan, Other Cost (Credit) $ 22 $ 20 46
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit), Gain (Loss) Due to Settlement   (71) (438)
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit) 739 966 1,191
Service cost 288 292 500
Interest cost 1,581 1,641 1,054
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Return (Loss) on Plan Assets (1,817) (1,897) (2,569)
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits) 92 0 2
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss 444 841 1,720
Settlements and curtailments $ 129 $ 69 $ 438
U.S. Plans | United States Pension Plan US Entity Service Cost [Member]      
Assumptions used to determine net benefit cost [Abstract]      
Discount Rate 5.25% 5.60%  
U.S. Plans | United States Pension Plan US Entity Interest Cost [Member]      
Assumptions used to determine net benefit cost [Abstract]      
Discount Rate 5.02% 5.39%  
v3.25.0.1
Retirement Benefits - Expense (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit) Excluding Service Cost, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration] Other income/(loss), net (Note 5) Other income/(loss), net (Note 5) Other income/(loss), net (Note 5)
Pension Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit), (Gain) Loss Due to Settlement, Curtailment, and Other $ 240 $ 360 $ 544
Worldwide OPEB      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Service cost 24 21 42
Interest cost 226 231 146
Expected return on assets 0 0 0
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits) 10 3 (3)
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss (112) 286 (1,314)
Defined Benefit Plan, Other Cost (Credit) 0 1 0
Settlements and curtailments 0 0 (1)
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit) 148 542 (1,130)
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Service cost 248 245 416
Interest cost 938 965 504
Expected return on assets (1,019) (890) (1,006)
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits) 25 22 22
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss (1,019) 932 (436)
Defined Benefit Plan, Other Cost (Credit) 111 261 63
Settlements and curtailments (22) 9 (2)
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit) (738) 1,544 (439)
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit), Gain(Loss) Due to Curtailments and Other 89 268 57
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Service cost 288 292 500
Interest cost 1,581 1,641 1,054
Expected return on assets (1,817) (1,897) (2,569)
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits) 92 0 2
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss 444 841 1,720
Defined Benefit Plan, Other Cost (Credit) 22 20 46
Settlements and curtailments 129 69 438
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit) $ 739 966 1,191
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit), Gain (Loss) Due to Settlement   $ (71) $ (438)
v3.25.0.1
Retirement Benefits - Status (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Pension Plan      
Plan Contributions [Abstract]      
Payment for Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits $ 1,073    
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Contributions Unfunded Plans 420    
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Employer Contributions, Next Fiscal Year 800    
Pension And Other Postretirement Expected Benefit Contributions Unfunded Plans 450    
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans      
Change in Benefit Obligation      
Benefit obligation at January 1 32,676 $ 32,867  
Service cost 288 292 $ 500
Interest cost 1,581 1,641 1,054
Amendments 0 581  
Separation costs/other (19) (18)  
Curtailments 87 0  
Settlements (8) (1,479)  
Plan participant contributions 15 16  
Benefits paid (2,706) (2,417)  
Foreign exchange translation 0 0  
Actuarial (gain)/loss (1,359) 1,193  
Benefit obligation at December 31 30,555 32,676 32,867
Change in Plan Assets      
Fair value of plan assets at January 1 31,423 32,922  
Actual return on plan assets 13 2,180  
Company contributions 808 238  
Plan participant contributions 15 16  
Benefits paid (2,706) (2,417)  
Settlements (8) (1,479)  
Foreign exchange translation 0 0  
Defined Benefit Plan Other Increase Decrease Plan Assets (43) (37)  
Fair value of plan assets at December 31 29,502 31,423 32,922
Funded status at December 31 (1,053) (1,253)  
Amounts Recognized on the Balance Sheet      
Prepaid assets 983 1,229  
Accrued liabilities (2,036) (2,482)  
Total (1,053) (1,253)  
Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (pre-tax)      
Unamortized prior service costs/(credits) 449 581  
Pension Plans in which Accumulated Benefit Obligation Exceeds Plan Assets at December 31      
Accumulated benefit obligation 1,641 14,045  
Fair value of plan assets 85 12,154  
Accumulated Benefit Obligation at December 31 30,070 32,086  
Pension Plans in which Projected Benefit Obligation Exceeds Plan Assets at December 31      
Projected benefit obligation 13,696 14,636  
Fair value of plan assets 11,660 12,154  
Expected Future Benefit Payments and Amortization      
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payment, Next Twelve Months 2,685    
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payment, Year Two 2,650    
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payment, Year Three 2,605    
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payment, Year Four 2,575    
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payment, Year Five 2,575    
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payments, Five Fiscal Year Thereafter 12,180    
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | Alternatives      
Change in Plan Assets      
Fair value of plan assets at January 1 6,102    
Fair value of plan assets at December 31 5,875 6,102  
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | Hedge Funds      
Change in Plan Assets      
Fair value of plan assets at January 1 3,603    
Fair value of plan assets at December 31 3,732 3,603  
Pension Plan | U.S. Plans | Private Equity Funds      
Change in Plan Assets      
Fair value of plan assets at January 1 1,093    
Fair value of plan assets at December 31 845 1,093  
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans      
Change in Benefit Obligation      
Benefit obligation at January 1 24,004 21,605  
Service cost 248 245 416
Interest cost 938 965 504
Amendments 0 46  
Separation costs/other 103 255  
Curtailments (22) 6  
Settlements (6) (21)  
Plan participant contributions 9 11  
Benefits paid (1,416) (1,257)  
Foreign exchange translation (989) 960  
Actuarial (gain)/loss (1,624) 1,189  
Benefit obligation at December 31 21,245 24,004 21,605
Change in Plan Assets      
Fair value of plan assets at January 1 22,958 21,344  
Actual return on plan assets 414 1,145  
Company contributions 685 756  
Plan participant contributions 9 11  
Benefits paid (1,416) (1,257)  
Settlements (6) (21)  
Foreign exchange translation (880) 990  
Defined Benefit Plan Other Increase Decrease Plan Assets (13) (10)  
Fair value of plan assets at December 31 21,751 22,958 21,344
Funded status at December 31 506 (1,046)  
Amounts Recognized on the Balance Sheet      
Prepaid assets 3,155 3,060  
Accrued liabilities (2,649) (4,106)  
Total 506 (1,046)  
Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (pre-tax)      
Unamortized prior service costs/(credits) 132 161  
Pension Plans in which Accumulated Benefit Obligation Exceeds Plan Assets at December 31      
Accumulated benefit obligation 2,793 9,135  
Fair value of plan assets 500 5,587  
Accumulated Benefit Obligation at December 31 20,209 22,661  
Pension Plans in which Projected Benefit Obligation Exceeds Plan Assets at December 31      
Projected benefit obligation 8,813 9,991  
Fair value of plan assets 6,164 5,885  
Expected Future Benefit Payments and Amortization      
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payment, Next Twelve Months 1,365    
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payment, Year Two 1,275    
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payment, Year Three 1,290    
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payment, Year Four 1,295    
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payment, Year Five 1,310    
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payments, Five Fiscal Year Thereafter 6,575    
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Alternatives      
Change in Plan Assets      
Fair value of plan assets at January 1 1,764    
Fair value of plan assets at December 31 1,519 1,764  
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Hedge Funds      
Change in Plan Assets      
Fair value of plan assets at January 1 906    
Fair value of plan assets at December 31 779 906  
Pension Plan | Non-U.S. Plans | Private Equity Funds      
Change in Plan Assets      
Fair value of plan assets at January 1 477    
Fair value of plan assets at December 31 370 477  
Worldwide OPEB      
Change in Benefit Obligation      
Benefit obligation at January 1 4,696 4,459  
Service cost 24 21 42
Interest cost 226 231 146
Amendments 0 32  
Separation costs/other 0 0  
Curtailments 0 0  
Settlements 0 0  
Plan participant contributions 0 0  
Benefits paid (324) (359)  
Foreign exchange translation (95) 26  
Actuarial (gain)/loss (112) 286  
Benefit obligation at December 31 4,415 4,696 4,459
Change in Plan Assets      
Fair value of plan assets at January 1 0 0  
Actual return on plan assets 0 0  
Company contributions 0 0  
Plan participant contributions - Worldwide OPEB 0 0  
Benefits paid - Worldwide OPEB 0 0  
Settlements 0 0  
Foreign exchange translation 0 0  
Defined Benefit Plan Other Increase Decrease Plan Assets 0 0  
Fair value of plan assets at December 31 0 0 $ 0
Funded status at December 31 (4,415) (4,696)  
Amounts Recognized on the Balance Sheet      
Prepaid assets 0 0  
Accrued liabilities (4,415) (4,696)  
Total (4,415) (4,696)  
Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (pre-tax)      
Unamortized prior service costs/(credits) 42 $ 55  
Expected Future Benefit Payments and Amortization      
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payment, Next Twelve Months 345    
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payment, Year Two 340    
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payment, Year Three 335    
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payment, Year Four 335    
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payment, Year Five 330    
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payments, Five Fiscal Year Thereafter $ 1,590    
v3.25.0.1
Retirement Benefits - Fair Value of Plan Assets (Details) - USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan Percent Of Employer And Related Party Securities Included In Plan Assets Maximum 1.00%    
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Expected long-term rate of return on assets 6.37%    
Defined Benefit Plan Fair Value Of Plan Assets Dividends And Interest Receivable $ 236,000,000 $ 239,000,000  
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 29,502,000,000 31,423,000,000 $ 32,922,000,000
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 6,417,000,000 6,155,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 17,181,000,000 19,145,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 29,000,000 21,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 5,875,000,000 6,102,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Equity      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 1,573,000,000 1,386,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Equity | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 1,525,000,000 1,348,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Equity | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 40,000,000 30,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Equity | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 8,000,000 8,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Equity | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | U.S. companies      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 1,039,000,000 858,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | U.S. companies | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 1,035,000,000 855,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | U.S. companies | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 2,000,000 1,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | U.S. companies | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 2,000,000 2,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | U.S. companies | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | International companies      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 534,000,000 528,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | International companies | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 490,000,000 493,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | International companies | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 38,000,000 29,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | International companies | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 6,000,000 6,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | International companies | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Fixed Income      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 24,263,000,000 26,363,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Fixed Income | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 7,101,000,000 7,235,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Fixed Income | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 17,141,000,000 19,115,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Fixed Income | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 21,000,000 13,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Fixed Income | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | U.S. government      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 8,185,000,000 8,729,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | U.S. government | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 7,106,000,000 7,236,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | U.S. government | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 1,079,000,000 1,493,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | U.S. government | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | U.S. government | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Non-U.S. government      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 608,000,000 486,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Non-U.S. government | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 1,000,000 2,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Non-U.S. government | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 607,000,000 482,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Non-U.S. government | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 2,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Non-U.S. government | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Corporate bonds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 15,100,000,000 16,481,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Corporate bonds | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Corporate bonds | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 15,079,000,000 16,470,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Corporate bonds | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 21,000,000 11,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Corporate bonds | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Mortgage/other asset-backed      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 433,000,000 444,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Mortgage/other asset-backed | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Mortgage/other asset-backed | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 433,000,000 444,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Mortgage/other asset-backed | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Mortgage/other asset-backed | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Commingled funds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 65,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Commingled funds | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Commingled funds | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 65,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Commingled funds | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Commingled funds | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Fixed Income Funds Net Derivative Financial Instruments      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount (63,000,000) 158,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Fixed Income Funds Net Derivative Financial Instruments | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount (6,000,000) (3,000,000)  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Fixed Income Funds Net Derivative Financial Instruments | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount (57,000,000) 161,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Fixed Income Funds Net Derivative Financial Instruments | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Fixed Income Funds Net Derivative Financial Instruments | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Alternatives      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 5,875,000,000 6,102,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Alternatives | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Alternatives | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Alternatives | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Alternatives | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 5,875,000,000 6,102,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Hedge funds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 3,732,000,000 3,603,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Hedge funds | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Hedge funds | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Hedge funds | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Hedge funds | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 3,732,000,000 3,603,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Private equity      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 845,000,000 1,093,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Private equity | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Private equity | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Private equity | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Private equity | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 845,000,000 1,093,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Real estate      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 1,298,000,000 1,406,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Real estate | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Real estate | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Real estate | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Real estate | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 1,298,000,000 1,406,000,000  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Cash and cash equivalents      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount (1,656,000,000) (1,779,000,000)  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Cash and cash equivalents | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount (1,656,000,000) (1,779,000,000)  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Cash and cash equivalents | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Cash and cash equivalents | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Cash and cash equivalents | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Other      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount (553,000,000) (649,000,000)  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Other | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount (553,000,000) (649,000,000)  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Other | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Other | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Other | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Repurchase Agreements | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount $ (2,600,000,000) (2,700,000,000)  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Expected long-term rate of return on assets 5.23%    
Defined Benefit Plan Fair Value Of Plan Assets Dividends And Interest Receivable $ 65,000,000 58,000,000  
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 21,751,000,000 22,958,000,000 $ 21,344,000,000
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 3,747,000,000 1,722,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 12,920,000,000 15,334,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 3,565,000,000 4,138,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 1,519,000,000 1,764,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Equity      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 2,872,000,000 3,318,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Equity | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 2,799,000,000 3,261,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Equity | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 72,000,000 57,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Equity | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 1,000,000 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Equity | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | U.S. companies      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 1,744,000,000 2,005,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | U.S. companies | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 1,719,000,000 1,968,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | U.S. companies | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 25,000,000 37,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | U.S. companies | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | U.S. companies | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | International companies      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 1,128,000,000 1,313,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | International companies | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 1,080,000,000 1,293,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | International companies | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 47,000,000 20,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | International companies | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 1,000,000 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | International companies | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Fixed Income      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 14,367,000,000 15,635,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Fixed Income | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 1,393,000,000 61,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Fixed Income | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 12,848,000,000 15,277,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Fixed Income | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 126,000,000 297,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Fixed Income | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | U.S. government      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 30,000,000 66,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | U.S. government | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 4,000,000 38,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | U.S. government | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 26,000,000 28,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | U.S. government | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | U.S. government | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Non-U.S. government      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 12,064,000,000 13,027,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Non-U.S. government | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 1,360,000,000 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Non-U.S. government | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 10,698,000,000 12,843,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Non-U.S. government | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 6,000,000 184,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Non-U.S. government | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Corporate bonds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 1,723,000,000 1,956,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Corporate bonds | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Corporate bonds | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 1,667,000,000 1,890,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Corporate bonds | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 56,000,000 66,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Corporate bonds | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Mortgage/other asset-backed      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 304,000,000 300,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Mortgage/other asset-backed | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Mortgage/other asset-backed | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 291,000,000 289,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Mortgage/other asset-backed | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 13,000,000 11,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Mortgage/other asset-backed | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Commingled funds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 216,000,000 214,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Commingled funds | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 30,000,000 23,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Commingled funds | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 186,000,000 191,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Commingled funds | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Commingled funds | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Fixed Income Funds Net Derivative Financial Instruments      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 30,000,000 72,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Fixed Income Funds Net Derivative Financial Instruments | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount (1,000,000) 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Fixed Income Funds Net Derivative Financial Instruments | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount (20,000,000) 36,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Fixed Income Funds Net Derivative Financial Instruments | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 51,000,000 36,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Fixed Income Funds Net Derivative Financial Instruments | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Alternatives      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 1,519,000,000 1,764,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Alternatives | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Alternatives | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Alternatives | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Alternatives | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 1,519,000,000 1,764,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Hedge funds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 779,000,000 906,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Hedge funds | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Hedge funds | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Hedge funds | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Hedge funds | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 779,000,000 906,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Private equity      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 370,000,000 477,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Private equity | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Private equity | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Private equity | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Private equity | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 370,000,000 477,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Real estate      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 370,000,000 381,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Real estate | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Real estate | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Real estate | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Real estate | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 370,000,000 381,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Cash and cash equivalents      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount (197,000,000) (1,364,000,000)  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Cash and cash equivalents | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount (197,000,000) (1,364,000,000)  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Cash and cash equivalents | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Cash and cash equivalents | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Cash and cash equivalents | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Other      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 3,190,000,000 3,605,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Other | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount (248,000,000) (236,000,000)  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Other | Level 2      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Other | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 3,438,000,000 3,841,000,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Other | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 0 0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Repurchase Agreements | Level 1      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount (700,000,000) (1,800,000,000)  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Ford Werke GmbH | Other Pension Benefit Plan Asset Insurance Contracts [Member] | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount   $ 3,000,000,000.0  
Non-U.S. Plans | Pension Plan | Ford Werke GmbH and Other | Other Pension Benefit Plan Asset Insurance Contracts [Member] | Level 3      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount $ 2,700,000,000    
Canada | Pension Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Expected long-term rate of return on assets 5.00%    
United Kingdom | Pension Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Expected long-term rate of return on assets 5.29%    
v3.25.0.1
Retirement Benefits - Changes in Level 3 Pension Benefit Plan Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - Pension Plan - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
U.S. Plans      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount $ 29,502 $ 31,423 $ 32,922
Fair Value at January 1 21 9  
Attributable to Assets Held at December 31 0 (6)  
Fair Value Measurement With Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation Recurring Basis Asset Gain Loss Attributable To Assets Sold 3 0  
Net Purchases/ (Settlements) 4 9  
Transfers Into/(Out of) Level 3 1 9  
Fair Value at December 31 29 21  
Non-U.S. Plans      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 21,751 22,958 $ 21,344
Fair Value at January 1 4,138 3,809  
Attributable to Assets Held at December 31 (387) 44  
Fair Value Measurement With Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation Recurring Basis Asset Gain Loss Attributable To Assets Sold (16) (8)  
Net Purchases/ (Settlements) (2) 410  
Transfers Into/(Out of) Level 3 (168) (117)  
Fair Value at December 31 3,565 4,138  
Non-U.S. Plans | Ford Werke GmbH      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair Value at January 1 3,000    
Fair Value at December 31   3,000  
Non-U.S. Plans | Ford Werke GmbH and Other      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair Value at December 31 2,700    
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | U.S. Plans      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 6,417 6,155  
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Non-U.S. Plans      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 3,747 1,722  
Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share | U.S. Plans      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount 5,875 6,102  
Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share | Non-U.S. Plans      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Amount $ 1,519 $ 1,764  
v3.25.0.1
Lease Commitments Lease Commitments - Right-of-Use Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]    
Other assets, non-current $ 2,308 $ 1,833
Operating lease liabilities 558 481
Operating lease liabilities 1,782 1,395
Total operating lease liabilities 2,340 1,876
Property and equipment, gross 1,150 897
Accumulated depreciation (162) (114)
Property and equipment, net 988 783
Total finance lease liabilities $ 805 $ 638
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Other liabilities and deferred revenue (Note 15 and Note 24) Other liabilities and deferred revenue (Note 15 and Note 24)
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Other Assets, Noncurrent Other Assets, Noncurrent
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Other liabilities and deferred revenue (Note 15 and Note 24) Other liabilities and deferred revenue (Note 15 and Note 24)
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Property, Plant and Equipment, Net Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
Finance Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Total liabilities Total liabilities
Minimum    
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]    
Lessee, Term of Contract 1 year  
Right-of-Use Lease Assets, Term of Contract 12 months  
Maximum    
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]    
Lessee, Term of Contract 40 years  
Operating Segments | Company excluding Ford Credit    
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]    
Company excluding Ford Credit debt payable within one year $ 94 $ 32
Company excluding Ford Credit long-term debt $ 711 $ 606
Finance Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Total debt payable within one year Total debt payable within one year
Finance Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Long-term Debt and Lease Obligation Long-term Debt and Lease Obligation
v3.25.0.1
Lease Commitments Lease Commitments - Contractual Obligations (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payment, Due [Abstract]    
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Next Twelve Months $ 651  
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Year Two 551  
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Year Three 436  
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Year Four 312  
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Year Five 205  
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due after Year Five 508  
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due 2,663  
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Undiscounted Excess Amount 323  
Total operating lease liabilities 2,340 $ 1,876
Finance Lease, Liability, Payment, Due [Abstract]    
Finance Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Next Twelve Months 134  
Finance Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Year Two 126  
Finance Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Year Three 109  
Finance Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Year Four 90  
Finance Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Year Five 88  
Finance Lease, Liability, Payments, Due after Year Five 510  
Finance Lease, Liability, Payment, Due 1,057  
Finance Lease, Liability, Undiscounted Excess Amount 252  
Total finance lease liabilities 805 $ 638
Lessee, Finance Lease, Lease Not yet Commenced, Future Payments $ 707  
Finance Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Total liabilities Total liabilities
v3.25.0.1
Lease Commitments Lease Commitments - Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Cash Paid for Lease Liabilities [Abstract]      
Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 663 $ 581 $ 459
Operating cash flows from finance leases 39 32 22
Financing cash flows from finance leases 110 91 83
Operating leases 1,051 889 528
Finance leases $ 286 $ 165 $ 95
v3.25.0.1
Lease Commitments Lease Commitments - Costs (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]      
Operating Lease, Cost $ 650 $ 580 $ 463
Variable Lease, Cost 167 109 62
Sublease Income (18) (18) (15)
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Amortization 80 64 60
Finance Lease, Interest Expense 39 32 22
Lease, Cost $ 918 $ 767 $ 592
v3.25.0.1
Lease Commitments Lease Commitments Weighted Average Rate and Term (Details)
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]      
Operating Lease, Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term 5 years 8 months 12 days 5 years 4 months 24 days 5 years 6 months
Finance Lease, Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term 10 years 9 months 18 days 11 years 10 months 24 days 12 years 2 months 12 days
Operating Lease, Weighted Average Discount Rate, Percent 4.50% 4.70% 3.70%
Finance Lease, Weighted Average Discount Rate, Percent 4.80% 5.30% 3.90%
v3.25.0.1
Debt - Debt Outstanding (Details) - Operating Segments - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Ford Credit      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Short-term $ 17,413 $ 18,658  
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Premium, Current 2 (1)  
Debt Issuance Costs, Current, Net (18) (13)  
Fair value adjustments, current (125) (58)  
Total debt payable within one year 53,193 49,192  
Long-term Debt and Lease Obligation 84,675 80,095  
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Premium, Noncurrent (20) 10  
Unamortized issuance costs, non-current (217) (224)  
Long-term debt 84,675 80,095  
Fair value adjustments, non-current (919) (1,200)  
Debt, Long-term and Short-term, Combined Amount 137,868 129,287  
Debt Carrying Value Fair Value 41,100 38,700  
Interest Paid, Excluding Capitalized Interest, Operating Activities 7,000 5,800 $ 3,200
Adjustment Fair Value Hedging Instruments Unsecured Debt, Discontinued Hedging Relationships (450) (681)  
Ford Credit | Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Level 2      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt Instrument, Fair Value 140,046 130,533  
Ford Credit | Unsecured Debt      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Long-term Debt and Lease Obligation 49,607 45,435  
Long-Term Debt and Lease Obligation, Current 12,871 11,755  
Ford Credit | Mortgage/other asset-backed      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Long-term Debt and Lease Obligation 36,224 36,074  
Long-Term Debt and Lease Obligation, Current 23,050 18,851  
Company excluding Ford Credit      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Short-term 632 362  
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Premium, Current (11) (2)  
Long-term Debt, Current Maturities 1,756 477  
Debt Issuance Costs, Current, Net (1) 0  
Total debt payable within one year 1,756 477  
Long-term Debt and Lease Obligation 18,898 19,467  
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Premium, Noncurrent (109) (155)  
Unamortized issuance costs, non-current (152) (173)  
Long-term debt 18,898 19,467  
Debt, Long-term and Short-term, Combined Amount 20,654 19,944  
Interest Paid, Excluding Capitalized Interest, Operating Activities 1,100 1,300 $ 1,200
Company excluding Ford Credit | Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Level 2      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt Instrument, Fair Value 20,178 19,775  
Company excluding Ford Credit | Convertible Debt      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount 2,300 2,300  
Company excluding Ford Credit | Corporate debt      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Unsecured Debt, Current 176 0  
Unsecured Long-term Debt, Noncurrent 14,759 14,935  
Debt, principal amount 17,235 17,235  
Company excluding Ford Credit | Corporate debt | 6.1% Interest Notes      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount $ 1,750 1,750  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 6.10%    
Company excluding Ford Credit | Other debt      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Other Loans Payable, Current $ 176 117  
Other Loans Payable, Long-term, Noncurrent 1,160 811  
Company excluding Ford Credit | Other debt | UK Export Finance Program      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Other Loans Payable, Current 784 0  
Other Loans Payable, Long-term, Noncurrent 940 1,749  
Short-term Debt | Ford Credit      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Short-term Debt, Fair Value 16,200 15,500  
Short-term Debt | Company excluding Ford Credit      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Short-term Debt, Fair Value $ 632 $ 362  
Weighted Average [Member] | Ford Credit      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 4.80% 4.70%  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Effective Percentage 4.80% 4.70%  
Weighted Average [Member] | Ford Credit | Short-term Debt      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 4.70% 5.30%  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Effective Percentage 4.70% 5.30%  
Weighted Average [Member] | Company excluding Ford Credit | Long-term Debt      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 5.10% 5.10%  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Effective Percentage 5.30% 5.30%  
Weighted Average [Member] | Company excluding Ford Credit | Short-term Debt      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 4.00% 3.20%  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Effective Percentage 4.00% 3.20%  
v3.25.0.1
Debt - Maturities (Details) - Operating Segments - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Mar. 31, 2021
Ford Credit      
Maturities of Long-term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations, including and Short Term Debt [Abstract]      
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Next Twelve Months $ 53,334    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Year Two 32,370    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Year Three 20,226    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Year Four 12,144    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Year Five 9,030    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal after Year Five 12,061    
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Discount (Premium) and Debt Issuance Costs, Net (1,297)    
Debt 137,868    
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity 44,600 $ 45,300  
Ford Credit | Unsecured Debt      
Maturities of Long-term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations, including and Short Term Debt [Abstract]      
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Next Twelve Months 29,084    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Year Two 12,879    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Year Three 11,467    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Year Four 6,786    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Year Five 6,414    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal after Year Five 12,061    
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Discount (Premium) and Debt Issuance Costs, Net (1,235)    
Debt 77,456    
Ford Credit | Secured Debt      
Maturities of Long-term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations, including and Short Term Debt [Abstract]      
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Next Twelve Months 24,250    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Year Two 19,491    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Year Three 8,759    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Year Four 5,358    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Year Five 2,616    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal after Year Five 0    
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Discount (Premium) and Debt Issuance Costs, Net (62)    
Debt 60,412    
Company excluding Ford Credit      
Maturities of Long-term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations, including and Short Term Debt [Abstract]      
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Next Twelve Months 1,768    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Year Two 4,107    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Year Three 1,049    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Year Four 644    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Year Five 298    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal after Year Five 13,061    
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Discount (Premium) and Debt Issuance Costs, Net (273)    
Debt 20,654    
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity 20,000    
Company excluding Ford Credit | Corporate Credit Facility [Member]      
Maturities of Long-term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations, including and Short Term Debt [Abstract]      
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity 13,500    
Company excluding Ford Credit | Corporate debt      
Maturities of Long-term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations, including and Short Term Debt [Abstract]      
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Next Twelve Months 176    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Year Two 3,972    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Year Three 0    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Year Four 550    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Year Five 202    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal after Year Five 12,335    
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Discount (Premium) and Debt Issuance Costs, Net (217)    
Debt 17,018    
Debt, principal amount $ 17,235 17,235  
Company excluding Ford Credit | Corporate debt | Notes due March 1, 2030      
Maturities of Long-term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations, including and Short Term Debt [Abstract]      
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 9.30%    
Debt, principal amount $ 294 294  
Company excluding Ford Credit | Corporate debt | 3.25% Notes due February 12, 2032      
Maturities of Long-term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations, including and Short Term Debt [Abstract]      
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 3.25%    
Debt, principal amount $ 2,500 2,500  
Company excluding Ford Credit | Other debt      
Maturities of Long-term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations, including and Short Term Debt [Abstract]      
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Next Twelve Months 1,592    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Year Two 135    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Year Three 1,049    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Year Four 94    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal in Year Five 96    
Long-term Debt, Maturities, Repayments of Principal after Year Five 726    
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Discount (Premium) and Debt Issuance Costs, Net (56)    
Debt $ 3,636    
Company excluding Ford Credit | Convertible Debt | Zero Percent Convertible Senior Notes Due 2026      
Maturities of Long-term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations, including and Short Term Debt [Abstract]      
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 0.00%   0.00%
Debt, principal amount $ 2,300 $ 2,300 $ 2,300
v3.25.0.1
Debt - Public Unsecured Debt Securities (Details) - Operating Segments - Company excluding Ford Credit - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Mar. 31, 2021
Corporate debt      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount $ 17,235 $ 17,235  
Corporate debt | Debentures due November 15, 2025 [Member]      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount $ 176 176  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 7.125%    
Corporate debt | Debentures due August 1, 2026 [Member]      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount $ 172 172  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 7.50%    
Corporate debt | Notes Due December 8, 2026 [Member]      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount $ 1,500 1,500  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 4.346%    
Corporate debt | Debentures due February 15, 2028 [Member]      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount $ 104 104  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 6.625%    
Corporate debt | Debentures due October 1, 2028 [Member]      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount $ 446 446  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 6.625%    
Corporate debt | Debentures due February 1, 2029 [Member]      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount $ 202 202  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 6.375%    
Corporate debt | 9.625% Notes due April 22, 2030 [Member]      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount $ 432 432  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 9.625%    
Corporate debt | GLOBLS due July 16 2031 [Member]      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount $ 1,070 1,070  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 7.45%    
Corporate debt | Debentures due January 15, 2032 [Member]      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount $ 108 108  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 8.90%    
Corporate debt | Debentures due February 15, 2032 [Member]      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount $ 4 4  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 9.95%    
Corporate debt | Notes Due January 15, 2043 [Member]      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount $ 2,000 2,000  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 4.75%    
Corporate debt | Debentures due June 15, 2043 [Member]      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount $ 73 73  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 7.75%    
Corporate debt | Debentures due November 1, 2046 [Member]      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount $ 398 398  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 7.40%    
Corporate debt | Notes Due December 8, 2046 [Member]      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount $ 1,300 1,300  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 5.291%    
Corporate debt | Debentures due February 15, 2047 [Member]      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount $ 114 114  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 9.98%    
Corporate debt | Notes Due June 1, 2059 [Member]      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount $ 750 750  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 6.20%    
Corporate debt | Notes Due December 1, 2059 [Member]      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount $ 800 800  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 6.00%    
Corporate debt | Debentures due May 15, 2097 [Member]      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount $ 142 142  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 7.70%    
Corporate debt | 3.25% Notes due February 12, 2032      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount $ 2,500 2,500  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 3.25%    
Corporate debt | Notes due March 1, 2030      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount $ 294 294  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 9.30%    
Corporate debt | Notes Due August 15, 2062      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount $ 600 600  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 6.50%    
Corporate debt | 6.1% Interest Notes      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount $ 1,750 1,750  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 6.10%    
Convertible Debt | Zero Percent Convertible Senior Notes Due 2026 Over Allotment Option      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount     $ 300
Convertible Debt | Zero Percent Convertible Senior Notes Due 2026      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt, principal amount $ 2,300 $ 2,300 $ 2,300
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 0.00%   0.00%
v3.25.0.1
Debt - DOE ATVM Incentive Program, and Automotive Credit Facilities (Details) - Operating Segments
£ in Millions, $ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
GBP (£)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
GBP (£)
Dec. 31, 2020
GBP (£)
Ford Credit          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity $ 44,600   $ 45,300    
Ford Credit | local credit facilities [Member]          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity 2,000        
Company excluding Ford Credit          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity 20,000        
Company excluding Ford Credit | Corporate Credit Facility [Member]          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity 13,500        
Company excluding Ford Credit | Corporate Credit Facility [Member] | April 26, 2026          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity 25        
Company excluding Ford Credit | Corporate Credit Facility [Member] | April 22, 2027          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity 3,400        
Company excluding Ford Credit | Corporate Credit Facility [Member] | April 26, 2028          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity 100        
Company excluding Ford Credit | Corporate Credit Facility [Member] | April 20, 2029 [Member]          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity 10,000        
Company excluding Ford Credit | Supplemental Credit Facility [Member]          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity 2,000        
Company excluding Ford Credit | Supplemental Credit Facility [Member] | April 22, 2027          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity 2,000        
Company excluding Ford Credit | local credit facilities [Member]          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Proceeds from Lines of Credit 1,700        
Company excluding Ford Credit | Revolving Credit Facility [Member]          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Debt Covenant Minimum Liquidity Amount 4,000        
Company excluding Ford Credit | 364-Day Revolving Facility          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity 2,500        
Company excluding Ford Credit | 364-Day Revolving Facility | August 21, 2025          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity $ 2,500        
Company excluding Ford Credit | UK Export Finance Program | Ford of Britain [Member]          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Debt Instrument, Term 5 years        
Company excluding Ford Credit | Other debt          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Other Loans Payable, Long-term, Noncurrent $ 1,160   811    
Company excluding Ford Credit | Other debt | UK Export Finance Program          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Other Loans Payable, Long-term, Noncurrent $ 940   $ 1,749    
Company excluding Ford Credit | UK Export Finance Program | Ford of Britain [Member]          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Medium-Term Note, Noncurrent | £       £ 750 £ 625
Credit Facility, Guarantee by Third Party, Amount | £       £ 600 £ 500
Medium-term Notes, Noncurrent, Cumulative | £   £ 1,375      
v3.25.0.1
Ford Credit Segment Debt (Details) - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Derivative income/(expense) $ (571,000,000) $ (490,000,000) $ (576,000,000)
Cash and cash equivalents 22,935,000,000 24,862,000,000  
Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member]      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Cash and cash equivalents 2,494,000,000 2,298,000,000  
Finance receivables, net 60,717,000,000 56,131,000,000  
Debt 50,855,000,000 48,177,000,000  
Ford Credit      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Finance receivables, net 111,636,000,000 102,075,000,000  
Operating Segments | Ford Credit      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Secured Debt 60,400,000,000    
Cash and cash equivalents 9,272,000,000 10,658,000,000  
Debt 137,868,000,000    
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity 44,600,000,000 45,300,000,000  
Operating Segments | Ford Credit | Securitization Transactions VIE Primary Beneficiary and Non VIEs Primary Beneficiary      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Cash and cash equivalents 3,000,000,000.0 2,700,000,000  
Finance receivables, net 71,600,000,000 66,800,000,000  
Net investment in operating leases 13,300,000,000 11,200,000,000  
Debt 60,400,000,000 58,000,000,000.0  
Operating Segments | Ford Credit | Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member]      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Cash contribution for collateral to support Wholesale Securitization Program 0    
Cash Balance to Support Wholesale Securitization Program 0 0  
Operating Segments | Company excluding Ford Credit      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Cash and cash equivalents 13,663,000,000 14,204,000,000  
Debt 20,654,000,000    
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity 20,000,000,000.0    
Minimum | Operating Segments | Ford Credit | Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member]      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Cash contribution for collateral to support Wholesale Securitization Program   0  
Maximum | Operating Segments | Ford Credit | Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member]      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Cash contribution for collateral to support Wholesale Securitization Program   41,000,000  
Secured Debt | Operating Segments | Ford Credit      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt 60,412,000,000    
Secured Debt | Operating Segments | Ford Credit | Securitization Transactions VIE Primary Beneficiary and Non VIEs Primary Beneficiary      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Derivative income/(expense) 56,000,000 39,000,000 466,000,000
Interest expense on securitization debt 2,800,000,000 $ 2,500,000,000 $ 1,300,000,000
Corporate debt | Operating Segments | Company excluding Ford Credit      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt $ 17,018,000,000    
v3.25.0.1
Convertible Debt (Details)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
USD ($)
days
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Impact of Convertible Securities on Diluted Earnings Per Share | $ / shares   $ 0 $ 0  
Convertible Debt | Zero Percent Convertible Senior Notes Due 2026 | Operating Segments | Company excluding Ford Credit        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Debt, principal amount $ 2,300,000 $ 2,300,000 $ 2,300,000  
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage 0.00% 0.00%    
Proceeds from Convertible Debt $ 2,267,000      
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount $ 1      
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued | shares   70.1724    
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Conversion Price | $ / shares   $ 14.25    
Amortization of Debt Issuance Costs   $ 7,000 7,000 $ 7,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Effective Percentage   0.30%    
Convertible Debt, Fair Value Disclosures   $ 2,200,000 $ 2,300,000  
Convertible Debt | Zero Percent Convertible Senior Notes Due 2026 | Debt Conversion Terms One | Operating Segments | Company excluding Ford Credit        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Threshold Trading Days | days 20      
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Threshold Consecutive Trading Days | days 30      
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Threshold Percentage of Stock Price Trigger 130.00%      
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Threshold Percentage Of Stock Trading Price 98.00%      
Debt Instrument, Redemption Price, Percentage 100.00%      
Convertible Debt | Zero Percent Convertible Senior Notes Due 2026 | Debt Conversion Terms Two | Operating Segments | Company excluding Ford Credit        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Debt Instrument, Convertible, Threshold Consecutive Trading Days | days 5      
Convertible Debt | Zero Percent Convertible Senior Notes Due 2026 Over Allotment Option | Operating Segments | Company excluding Ford Credit        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Debt, principal amount $ 300,000      
v3.25.0.1
Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities Income Effect of Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative [Line Items]      
Maximum Length of Time Hedged in Cash Flow Hedge 3 years    
Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income $ (571) $ (490) $ (576)
Operating Segments | Company excluding Ford Credit      
Derivative [Line Items]      
Derivative, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration] Cost of sales Cost of sales Cost of sales
Operating Segments | Ford Credit      
Derivative [Line Items]      
Derivative, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration] Other income/(loss), net (Note 5) Other income/(loss), net (Note 5) Other income/(loss), net (Note 5)
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Cash Flow Hedging | Foreign currency exchange contracts      
Derivative [Line Items]      
Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from AOCI to Income $ 46 $ 145 $ (213)
Gains/(Losses) on derivative instruments 808 (482) 448
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Cash Flow Hedging | Commodity Contract      
Derivative [Line Items]      
Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from AOCI to Income (38) (62) 133
Gains/(Losses) on derivative instruments (5) (37) (102)
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Fair Value Hedging | Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts      
Derivative [Line Items]      
Net interest settlements and accruals excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness (133) (79) (27)
Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedging Instruments (134) 96 (111)
Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item in Fair Value Hedge 108 (96) 113
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Fair Value Hedging | Interest rate contracts      
Derivative [Line Items]      
Net interest settlements and accruals excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness (361) (507) (45)
Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedging Instruments (220) 196 (1,875)
Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Hedged Item in Fair Value Hedge 182 (260) 1,893
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Foreign currency exchange contracts      
Derivative [Line Items]      
Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income 384 (38) (3)
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts      
Derivative [Line Items]      
Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income (272) 127 (780)
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Interest rate contracts      
Derivative [Line Items]      
Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income (85) 37 390
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Commodity Contract      
Derivative [Line Items]      
Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income (48) (49) (51)
Cost of Sales | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Foreign currency exchange contracts      
Derivative [Line Items]      
Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income 116 (3) (53)
Nonoperating Income (Expense) | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Foreign currency exchange contracts      
Derivative [Line Items]      
Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income $ 268 $ (35) $ 50
v3.25.0.1
Balance Sheet Effect of Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative [Line Items]    
Derivative, Notional Amount $ 145,157 $ 138,797
Derivative Liability, Current 1,000 1,000
Derivative Liability, Noncurrent 900 1,300
Net obligation to return cash collateral 27 40
Derivative, Collateral, Right to Reclaim Cash $ 127 $ 185
Maximum Length of Time Hedged in Cash Flow Hedge 3 years  
Derivative Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Total assets Total assets
Derivative Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Total liabilities Total liabilities
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Cash Flow Hedging | Foreign currency exchange contracts    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Derivative, Notional Amount $ 20,027 $ 19,530
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Cash Flow Hedging | Commodity Contract    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Derivative, Notional Amount 959 983
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Fair Value Hedging | Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Derivative, Notional Amount 3,802 2,078
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Fair Value Hedging | Interest rate contracts    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Derivative, Notional Amount 16,194 12,119
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Foreign currency exchange contracts    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Derivative, Notional Amount 20,799 22,802
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Derivative, Notional Amount 5,455 7,100
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Interest rate contracts    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Derivative, Notional Amount 76,977 73,134
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Commodity Contract    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Derivative, Notional Amount 944 1,051
Fair Value, Recurring    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Derivative Asset 1,428 1,087
Derivative Liability 2,234 2,738
Derivative Asset, Current 869 493
Derivative Liability, Current 1,311 1,464
Derivative Asset, Noncurrent 559 594
Derivative Liability, Noncurrent 923 1,274
Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Fair Value of Assets 1,428 1,087
Fair Value of Liabilities 2,234 2,738
Counterparty netting, Assets 780 815
Counterparty netting, Liabilities 780 815
Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2 | Designated as Hedging Instrument | Cash Flow Hedging | Foreign currency exchange contracts    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Fair Value of Assets 578 69
Fair Value of Liabilities 123 385
Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2 | Designated as Hedging Instrument | Cash Flow Hedging | Commodity Contract    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Fair Value of Assets 22 23
Fair Value of Liabilities 13 36
Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2 | Designated as Hedging Instrument | Fair Value Hedging | Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Fair Value of Assets 9 69
Fair Value of Liabilities 139 104
Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2 | Designated as Hedging Instrument | Fair Value Hedging | Interest rate contracts    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Fair Value of Assets 66 106
Fair Value of Liabilities 645 633
Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2 | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Foreign currency exchange contracts    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Fair Value of Assets 301 201
Fair Value of Liabilities 192 261
Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2 | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Fair Value of Assets 133 119
Fair Value of Liabilities 246 252
Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2 | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Interest rate contracts    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Fair Value of Assets 305 465
Fair Value of Liabilities 845 1,036
Fair Value, Recurring | Level 2 | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Commodity Contract    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Fair Value of Assets 14 35
Fair Value of Liabilities $ 31 $ 31
v3.25.0.1
Employee Separation and Exit and Disposal Activities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Restructuring Charges [Abstract]        
Restructuring and Related Cost, Incurred Cost $ 1,200 $ 1,900    
Restructuring and Related Cost, Expected Cost 500      
Restructuring Incurred Cost Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income Extensible Enumeration Not Disclosed Flag 1,200 1,900    
Parent Company [Member]        
Restructuring Charges [Abstract]        
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax (6,899) (5,443) $ (6,416) $ (5,487)
(Gains)/Losses reclassified from AOCI to net income (43) (4) 268  
Pension Costs        
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]        
Restructuring Charges 218 268    
Operating Segments | Company excluding Ford Credit        
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]        
Restructuring Reserve, Beginning Balance 1,086 588    
Changes in accruals (a) 973 1,600    
Payments (871) (1,030)    
Foreign currency translation and other (90) (72)    
Restructuring Reserve $ 1,098 $ 1,086 $ 588  
v3.25.0.1
Acquisitions and Divestitures (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Jul. 01, 2022
Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]          
Proceeds from sale of business   $ 0 $ 0 $ 449  
Company excluding Ford Credit | Operating Segments          
Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]          
Sale Leaseback Transaction, Assets and Liabilities Remaining After Sale         $ 100
Company excluding Ford Credit | Operating Segments | Ford Otosan          
Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]          
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage   41.00%      
Company excluding Ford Credit | Operating Segments | Disposal Group, Held-for-sale, Not Discontinued Operations          
Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]          
Held-for-sale impairment charges $ 32        
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Assets   $ 52      
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Cash and Cash Equivalents   47      
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Liabilities   $ 33      
v3.25.0.1
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) [Line Items]      
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) (Note 23) $ (9,639) $ (9,042)  
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest (1) 1 $ (4)
Derivative instruments      
Cash Flow Hedge Gain (Loss) to be Reclassified within Twelve Months 281    
Parent Company [Member]      
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) [Line Items]      
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) (Note 23) (9,639) (9,042) (9,339)
Foreign currency translation      
Beginning balance (5,443) (6,416) (5,487)
Gains/(Losses) on foreign currency translation (1,336) 967 (1,199)
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit) (a) 77 (10) (2)
Net gains/(losses) on foreign currency translation (1,413) 977 (1,197)
(Gains)/Losses reclassified from AOCI to net income (43) (4) 268
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax (b) (1,456) 973 (929)
Ending balance (6,899) (5,443) (6,416)
Marketable securities      
Beginning balance (170) (442) (19)
Gains/(Losses) on available for sale securities 146 326 (576)
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit) 34 80 (139)
Net gains/(losses) on available for sale securities 112 246 (437)
(Gains)/Losses reclassified from AOCI to net income 11 35 19
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit) 3 9 5
Net (gains)/losses reclassified from AOCI to net income (c) 8 26 14
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax 120 272 (423)
Ending balance (50) (170) (442)
Derivative instruments      
AOCI, Cash Flow Hedge, Cumulative Gain (Loss), after Tax (331) 129 (193)
Gains/(Losses) on derivative instruments 803 (519) 346
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit) 188 (126) 83
Net gains/(losses) on derivative instruments 615 (393) 263
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), Reclassification, before Tax (8) (83) 80
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), Reclassification, Tax (1) (16) 21
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), Reclassification, after Tax (7) (67) 59
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax 608 (460) 322
AOCI, Cash Flow Hedge, Cumulative Gain (Loss), after Tax 277 (331) 129
Pension and other postretirement benefits      
Beginning balance (3,098) (2,610) (2,640)
Prior service (costs)/credits arising during the period (e) 0 (659) 0
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit) 0 (157) 0
Net prior service (costs)/credits arising during the period 0 (502) 0
Amortization and recognition of prior service costs/(credits) (f) 167 25 21
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit) 40 6 4
Net prior service costs/(credits) reclassified from AOCI to net income 127 19 17
Translation impact on non-U.S. plans 4 (5) 13
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax 131 (488) 30
Ending balance $ (2,967) $ (3,098) $ (2,610)
v3.25.0.1
Variable Interest Entities - VIEs of Which We Are Not the Primary Beneficiary (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]        
Payments to Acquire Equity Method Investments   $ 2,323 $ 2,733 $ 738
Proceeds from Equity Method Investment, Distribution, Return of Capital   $ 1,465 1 $ 0
Blue Oval SK LLC        
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]        
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage   50.00%    
Equity Method Investment, Committed Capital, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period   2 years    
Proceeds from Equity Method Investment, Distribution, Return of Capital   $ 1,400    
Investments in and Advance to Affiliates, Subsidiaries, Associates, and Joint Ventures   4,100    
Blue Oval SK LLC | U.S. Department Of Energy (DoE)        
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]        
Line of Credit Facility Entered Into By Equity Method Investee   9,600    
Blue Oval SK LLC | Subsequent Event [Member]        
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]        
Proceeds from Equity Method Investment, Distribution, Return of Capital $ 1,700      
Investments in and Advance to Affiliates, Subsidiaries, Associates, and Joint Ventures $ 2,400      
Blue Oval SK LLC | Maximum        
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]        
Equity Method Investment, Committed Capital   6,600    
Variable Interest Entity, Not Primary Beneficiary        
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]        
Total maximum exposure   9,300 3,700  
Guarantor Obligations, Maximum Exposure, Undiscounted   $ 4,900 $ 125  
v3.25.0.1
Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]    
Changes in accrual related to warranties issued during the period $ 6,294 $ 4,743
Loss contingency estimate 400  
Loss Contingency [Abstract]    
Loss contingency estimate 400  
Warranty [Abstract]    
Beginning balance 11,504 9,193
Payments made during the period (5,831) (4,779)
Changes in accrual related to warranties issued during the period 6,294 4,743
Changes in accrual related to pre-existing warranties 2,690 2,648
Foreign currency translation and other (625) (301)
Ending balance 14,032 11,504
Field Service Actions and Customer Service Actions    
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]    
Loss contingency estimate 1,800  
Loss Contingency [Abstract]    
Loss contingency estimate 1,800  
Financial Guarantee [Member]    
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]    
Guarantor Obligations, Maximum Exposure, Undiscounted 5,336 535
Guarantor Obligations, Current Carrying Value $ 144 $ 59
v3.25.0.1
Segment Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Information [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) $ 184,992 $ 176,191 $ 158,057
Intersegment Revenues 0 0 0
Total Revenues 184,992 176,191 158,057
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest 7,233 3,967 (3,016)
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization 7,567 7,690 7,674
Investment Income, Interest 1,540 1,567 639
Income (Loss) from Equity Method Investments 678 414 (2,883)
Payments to Acquire Productive Assets 8,684 8,236 6,866
Assets 285,196 273,310 255,884
Settlements of derivatives 268 138 (94)
Net realized and unrealized gains/(losses) on cash equivalents, marketable securities, and other investments (42) (205) (7,518)
Ford Credit [Member]      
Segment Information [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 12,286 10,290 8,978
Operating Segments      
Segment Information [Line Items]      
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest 10,827 11,176 9,667
Operating Segments | Ford Blue      
Segment Information [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 101,935 101,934 94,762
Intersegment Revenues 43,442 38,693 36,020
Total Revenues 145,377 140,627 130,782
Segment Reporting, Other Segment Item, Amount 140,093 133,165 123,935
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest 5,284 7,462 6,847
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization 2,952 3,378 3,365
Investment Income, Interest 167 110 59
Income (Loss) from Equity Method Investments 240 337 270
Payments to Acquire Productive Assets 4,490 4,963 4,702
Assets 58,791 58,990 56,023
PaymentsTo Acquire Productive Assets, Spending Attributable To Electric Vehicles 844 909 305
Operating Segments | Ford Model e      
Segment Information [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 3,852 5,897 5,253
Intersegment Revenues 257 629 121
Total Revenues 4,109 6,526 5,374
Segment Reporting, Other Segment Item, Amount 9,185 11,227 7,507
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest (5,076) (4,701) (2,133)
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization 556 505 249
Investment Income, Interest 2 1 0
Income (Loss) from Equity Method Investments (66) (37) (15)
Payments to Acquire Productive Assets 3,843 2,861 1,336
Assets 17,074 13,648 5,285
Operating Segments | Ford Pro      
Segment Information [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 66,906 58,058 48,939
Intersegment Revenues 0 0 0
Total Revenues 66,906 58,058 48,939
Segment Reporting, Other Segment Item, Amount 57,891 50,836 45,717
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest 9,015 7,222 3,222
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization 1,394 1,291 1,522
Investment Income, Interest 52 32 16
Income (Loss) from Equity Method Investments 482 589 412
Payments to Acquire Productive Assets 37 7 26
Assets 3,469 2,942 2,177
Operating Segments | Ford Next Segment [Member]      
Segment Information [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 7 3 99
Intersegment Revenues 0 0 0
Total Revenues 7 3 99
Segment Reporting, Other Segment Item, Amount 57 141 1,025
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest (50) (138) (926)
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization 12 12 5
Investment Income, Interest 0 0 0
Income (Loss) from Equity Method Investments (3) (29) (315)
Payments to Acquire Productive Assets 3 6 23
Assets 151 207 392
Operating Segments | Ford Credit [Member]      
Segment Information [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 12,286 10,290 8,978
Intersegment Revenues 0 0 0
Total Revenues 12,286 10,290 8,978
Segment Reporting, Other Segment Item, Amount 10,632 8,959 6,321
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest 1,654 1,331 2,657
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization 2,529 2,354 2,281
Interest expense 7,583 6,311 3,334
Investment Income, Interest 500 522 178
Income (Loss) from Equity Method Investments 42 32 27
Payments to Acquire Productive Assets 94 80 58
Assets 157,534 148,521 137,954
Debt 137,868    
Operating Segments | Ford Model e and Ford Blue      
Segment Information [Line Items]      
PaymentsTo Acquire Productive Assets, Spending Attributable To Electric Vehicles 4,687 3,770 1,641
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item, Corporate Nonsegment [Member]      
Segment Information [Line Items]      
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest (619) (760) 748
Adjustments (Segment Reconciling Items) | Interest on Debt [Member]      
Segment Information [Line Items]      
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest (1,115) (1,302) (1,259)
Adjustments (Segment Reconciling Items) | Special Items [Member]      
Segment Information [Line Items]      
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest (1,860) (5,147) (12,172)
Other Asset Impairment Charges 391    
Supplier and Other Contract Cancellation Expenses 809    
Intersegment Eliminations [Member]      
Segment Information [Line Items]      
Total revenues (Note 4) 6 9 26
Intersegment Revenues (43,699) (39,322) (36,141)
Total Revenues (43,693) (39,313) (36,115)
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization 124 150 252
Investment Income, Interest 819 902 386
Income (Loss) from Equity Method Investments (17) (478) (3,262)
Payments to Acquire Productive Assets 217 319 721
Assets $ 48,177 $ 49,002 $ 54,053
v3.25.0.1
Segment Information Geographic Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]      
Long-Lived Assets $ 64,875 $ 62,205 $ 60,037
Revenues 184,992 176,191 158,057
United States      
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]      
Long-Lived Assets 45,392 42,235 41,925
Revenues 124,968 116,995 105,481
Canada      
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]      
Long-Lived Assets 6,548 6,147 5,739
Revenues 13,412 13,391 12,590
United Kingdom      
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]      
Long-Lived Assets 2,174 1,868 1,264
Revenues 9,936 8,968 8,220
MEXICO      
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]      
Long-Lived Assets 4,352 5,222 4,255
Revenues 2,634 2,774 1,813
All Other      
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]      
Long-Lived Assets 6,409 6,733 6,854
Revenues $ 34,042 $ 34,063 $ 29,953
v3.25.0.1
Schedule of Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure [Line Items]        
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation Allowances and Reserves, Amount $ 5,588 $ 5,842 $ 5,720 $ 6,032
Charged to costs and expenses 201 531 (179)  
Deductions 455 409 133  
Credit losses [Member]        
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure [Line Items]        
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation Allowances and Reserves, Amount 900 899 857 926
Charged to costs and expenses 430 385 50  
Deductions 429 343 119  
Doubtful receivables [Member]        
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure [Line Items]        
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation Allowances and Reserves, Amount 77 69 93 47
Charged to costs and expenses 23 30 57  
Deductions 15 54 11  
Inventories (primarily service part obsolescence) [Member]        
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure [Line Items]        
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation Allowances and Reserves, Amount 755 687 718 724
Charged to costs and expenses 68 (31) (6)  
Deductions 0 0 0  
Deferred tax assets [Member]        
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure [Line Items]        
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation Allowances and Reserves, Amount 407 846 822 1,067
Charged to costs and expenses (428) 36 (242)  
Deductions 11 12 3  
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation Allowance, Deferred Tax Asset, U.S. branch operations        
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure [Line Items]        
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation Allowances and Reserves, Amount 3,449 3,341 3,230 $ 3,268
Charged to costs and expenses 108 111 (38)  
Deductions $ 0 $ 0 $ 0