CANADIAN PACIFIC KANSAS CITY LTD/CN, 10-K filed on 2/26/2026
Annual Report
v3.25.4
Cover - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Feb. 25, 2026
Jun. 30, 2025
Entity Information [Line Items]      
Document Type 10-K    
Document Annual Report true    
Document Period End Date Dec. 31, 2025    
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31    
Document Transition Report false    
Entity File Number 001-01342    
Entity Registrant Name CANADIAN PACIFIC KANSAS CITY LTD/CN    
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code Z4    
Entity Tax Identification Number 98-0355078    
Entity Address, Address Line One 7550 Ogden Dale Road S.E.    
Entity Address, State or Province AB    
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code T2C 4X9    
City Area Code (403)    
Local Phone Number 319-7000    
Entity Address, City or Town Calgary    
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer Yes    
Entity Voluntary Filers No    
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes    
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes    
Entity Filer Category Large Accelerated Filer    
Entity Small Business false    
Entity Emerging Growth Company false    
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag true    
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag] false    
Entity Shell Company false    
Entity Public Float     $ 72,746,204,564
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   897,958,953  
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Not applicable.
   
Amendment Flag false    
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2025    
Document Fiscal Period Focus FY    
Entity Central Index Key 0000016875    
Common Shares, without par value, of Canadian Pacific Railway Limited      
Entity Information [Line Items]      
Title of 12(b) Security Common Shares, without par value, of Canadian Pacific Kansas City Limited    
Trading Symbol CP    
Common Shares, without par value, of Canadian Pacific Railway Limited | NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE      
Entity Information [Line Items]      
Title of 12(b) Security Common Shares, without par value, of Canadian Pacific Kansas City Limited    
Trading Symbol CP    
Security Exchange Name NYSE    
Perpetual 4% Consolidated Debenture Stock of Canadian Pacific Railway Company | NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE      
Entity Information [Line Items]      
Title of 12(b) Security Perpetual 4% Consolidated Debenture Stock of Canadian Pacific Railway Company    
Trading Symbol CP/40    
Security Exchange Name NYSE    
Perpetual 4% Consolidated Debenture Stock of Canadian Pacific Railway Company | LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE      
Entity Information [Line Items]      
Title of 12(b) Security Perpetual 4% Consolidated Debenture Stock of Canadian Pacific Railway Company    
Trading Symbol BC87    
v3.25.4
Audit Information
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Audit Information [Abstract]  
Auditor Name Ernst & Young LLP
Auditor Location Calgary, Canada
Auditor Firm ID 1263
v3.25.4
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME - CAD ($)
shares in Millions, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Revenues (Note 4)      
Total revenues $ 15,078 $ 14,546 $ 12,555
Operating expenses      
Compensation and benefits (Note 11, 23, 24) 2,581 2,565 2,332
Fuel 1,731 1,802 1,681
Materials 474 406 346
Equipment rents 408 347 277
Depreciation and amortization (Note 13, 15) 2,019 1,900 1,543
Purchased services and other (Note 26) 2,256 2,347 1,988
Total operating expenses 9,469 9,367 8,167
Operating income 5,609 5,179 4,388
Nonoperating Income (Expense) [Abstract]      
Equity earnings of Kansas City Southern (Note 11, 12) 0 0 (230)
Other (income) expense (Note 5, 17, 18) (1) (42) 52
Other components of net periodic benefit recovery (Note 23) (415) (352) (327)
Net interest expense 876 801 771
Remeasurement loss of Kansas City Southern (Note 11) 0 0 7,175
Gain on sale of equity investment (Note 6) (333) 0 0
Income (loss) before income tax expense (recovery) 5,482 4,772 (3,053)
Current income tax expense 1,174 1,031 909
Deferred income tax expense (recovery) (Note 11) 171 28 (7,885)
Income tax expense (recovery) (Note 7) 1,345 1,059 (6,976)
Net income 4,137 3,713 3,923
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest (4) (5) (4)
Net income attributable to controlling shareholders $ 4,141 $ 3,718 $ 3,927
Earnings per share (Note 8)      
Basic earnings per share (cad per share) $ 4.52 $ 3.98 $ 4.22
Diluted earnings per share (cad per share) $ 4.51 $ 3.98 $ 4.21
Weighted-average number of shares (millions) (Note 8)      
Basic (in shares) 916.2 933.0 931.3
Diluted (in shares) 917.1 934.6 933.7
Freight      
Revenues (Note 4)      
Total revenues $ 14,776 $ 14,223 $ 12,281
Non-freight      
Revenues (Note 4)      
Total revenues $ 302 $ 323 $ 274
v3.25.4
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]      
Net income $ 4,137 $ 3,713 $ 3,923
Net (loss) gain in foreign currency translation adjustments, net of hedging activities (1,601) 2,622 (655)
Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges (1) 6 7
Change in pension and post-retirement defined benefit plans 185 979 (73)
Other comprehensive income (loss) from equity investees 7 (8) 7
Other comprehensive (loss) income before income taxes (1,410) 3,599 (714)
Income tax expense on above items (80) (219) (4)
Net other comprehensive income (loss) (1,490) 3,380 (718)
Comprehensive income 2,647 7,093 3,205
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interest (52) 77 (13)
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling shareholders $ 2,699 $ 7,016 $ 3,218
v3.25.4
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Current assets    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 184 $ 739
Accounts receivable, net (Note 10) 2,029 1,968
Materials and supplies 502 457
Other current assets 224 220
Total current assets 2,939 3,384
Investments 473 586
properties 55,323 56,024
Goodwill (Note 11, 14) 18,436 19,350
Intangible assets (Note 15) 2,911 3,146
Pension asset (Note 23) 5,129 4,586
Other assets (Note 20) 734 668
Total assets 85,945 87,744
Current liabilities    
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (Note 16, 20) 2,751 2,842
Long-term debt maturing within one year (Note 17, 18, 20) 3,240 2,819
Total current liabilities 5,991 5,661
Pension and other benefit liabilities (Note 23) 537 548
Other long-term liabilities (Note 19, 20) 815 867
Long-term debt (Note 17, 18, 20) 19,948 19,804
Deferred income taxes (Note 7) 11,829 11,974
Total liabilities 39,120 38,854
Shareholders’ equity    
Share capital (Note 21) Authorized unlimited Common Shares without par value. Issued and outstanding are 897.6 million and 933.5 million as at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. 24,751 25,689
Additional paid-in capital 105 94
Accumulated other comprehensive income (Note 9) 1,238 2,680
Retained earnings 19,783 19,429
Total shareholders' equity 45,877 47,892
Non-controlling interest 948 998
Total equity 46,825 48,890
Total liabilities and equity $ 85,945 $ 87,744
v3.25.4
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - shares
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]    
Common stock, shares authorized Unlimited Unlimited
Common stock, issued (in shares) 897,600,000 933,500,000
Common stock, outstanding (in shares) 897,600,000 933,500,000
First preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares) 0 0
Second preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares) 0 0
v3.25.4
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
$ in Millions, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
CAD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
CAD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
CAD ($)
Operating activities      
Net income $ 4,137 $ 3,713 $ 3,923
Reconciliation of net income to cash provided by operating activities:      
Depreciation and amortization (Note 13, 15) 2,019 1,900 1,543
Deferred income tax expense (recovery) (Note 11) 171 28 (7,885)
Pension recovery and funding (Note 23) (367) (305) (306)
Equity earnings of Kansas City Southern (Note 11, 12) 0 0 (230)
Remeasurement loss of Kansas City Southern (Note 11) 0 0 7,175
Gain on sale of equity investment (Note 6) (333) 0 0
Dividends from Kansas City Southern (Note 12) 0 0  
Settlement of Mexican taxes (Note 7) (12) (12) (135)
Settlement of foreign currency forward contracts (Note 18) 0 (65) 0
Other operating activities, net (110) (14) 60
Change in non-cash working capital balances related to operations (Note 22) (196) 24 (308)
Net cash provided by operating activities 5,309 5,269 4,137
Investing activities      
Additions to properties (3,102) (2,825) (2,468)
Additions to Meridian Speedway properties (38) (38) (31)
Proceeds from sale of properties and other assets 58 64 57
Proceeds from Sale of Equity Method Investments 493 0 0
Cash acquired on control of Kansas City Southern (Note 11) 0 0 298
Investment in government securities (Note 17) 0 0 (267)
Proceeds from settlement of government securities (Note 17) 0 0 274
Other investing activities, net (76) 3 (25)
Net cash used in investing activities (2,665) (2,796) (2,162)
Financing activities      
Dividends paid (796) (709) (707)
Issuance of Common Shares (Note 21) 73 69 69
Payments for Repurchase of Common Stock (3,942) 0 0
Repayment of Long-Term Debt, Long-Term Lease Obligation, and Capital Security (951) (2,327) (2,395)
Issuance of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper (Note 17) 3,102 0 0
Net (repayment) Issuance of commercial paper (note 17) (346) 439 1,095
Net (repayment) issuance in short-term borrowings (Note 17) (278) 274 0
Acquisition-related financing fees 0 0 (17)
Other financing activities, net (8) 2 0
Net cash used in financing activities (3,146) (2,252) (1,955)
Effect of foreign currency fluctuations on foreign-denominated cash and cash equivalents (53) 54 (7)
Cash position      
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (555) 275 13
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 739 464 451
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 184 739 464
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:      
Income taxes paid 1,155 958 906
Interest paid $ 863 $ 814 $ 825
v3.25.4
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
Total
Total shareholders’ equity
Share capital
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Retained earnings
Non-controlling interest
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022 $ 38,886 $ 38,886 $ 25,516 $ 78 $ 91 $ 13,201 $ 0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]              
Net income 3,923 3,927       3,927 (4)
Other comprehensive loss (Note 9) (718) (709)     (709)   (9)
Dividends declared ($0.760 per share) (708) (708)       (708)  
Effect of stock-based compensation expense 27 27   27      
Shares issued under stock option plan (Note 21) 69 69 86 (17)      
Non-controlling interest in connection with business acquisition (Note 11) 932           932
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2023 42,411 41,492 25,602 88 (618) 16,420 919
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]              
Net income 3,713 3,718       3,718 (5)
Other comprehensive loss (Note 9) 3,380 3,298     3,298   82
Dividends declared ($0.760 per share) (709) (709)       (709)  
Effect of stock-based compensation expense 24 24   24      
Shares issued under stock option plan (Note 21) 69 69 87 (18)      
Contribution from non-controlling interest 2           2
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2024 48,890 47,892 25,689 94 2,680 19,429 998
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]              
Net income 4,137 4,141       4,141 (4)
Other comprehensive loss (Note 9) (1,490) (1,442)     (1,442)   (48)
Dividends declared ($0.760 per share) (796) (796)       (796)  
Effect of stock-based compensation expense 28 28   28      
Stock Repurchased and Retired During Period, Value 4,019 4,019 1,028     2,991  
Shares issued under stock option plan (Note 21) 73 73 90 (17)      
Contribution from non-controlling interest 2           2
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2025 $ 46,825 $ 45,877 $ 24,751 $ 105 $ 1,238 $ 19,783 $ 948
v3.25.4
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (Parenthetical) - $ / shares
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]      
Dividends declared (CAD per share) $ 0.874 $ 0.760 $ 0.760
v3.25.4
Description of the business
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Description of the business Description of the business
Canadian Pacific Kansas City Limited ("CPKC" or the "Company") owns and operates a transcontinental freight railway spanning Canada, the United States ("U.S."), and Mexico. CPKC provides rail and intermodal transportation services over a network of approximately 20,000 miles, serving principal business centres across Canada, the U.S., and Mexico. The Company transports bulk commodities, merchandise freight, and intermodal traffic. CPKC's Common Shares ("Common Shares") trade on the Toronto Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "CP".

On April 14, 2023 (the "Control Date"), Canadian Pacific Railway Limited ("CPRL") assumed control of Kansas City Southern ("KCS") and changed its name to Canadian Pacific Kansas City Limited. The Company's Consolidated Financial Statements include KCS as a consolidated subsidiary from April 14, 2023. For the period beginning on January 1, 2023 and ending on April 13, 2023, the Company's 100% interest in KCS was accounted for and reported as an equity-method investment (see Notes 11 and 12).
v3.25.4
Summary of significant accounting policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of significant accounting policies Summary of significant accounting policies
Basis of presentation
The Company's Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. ("GAAP"). Amounts are expressed in Canadian dollars, unless otherwise noted.

Use of estimates, assumptions, and judgements
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, assumptions, and judgements that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts and classification of revenues, expenses, and other income items during the reporting period. These estimates, assumptions, and judgements are based on management's best knowledge of current events, actions, and conditions. Actual results could differ. Critical estimates, assumptions, and judgements used in the preparation of the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements relate to:
Deferred income taxes (Note 7);
Properties (Note 13);
Goodwill (Note 14);
Intangible assets (Note 15);
Pensions and other benefits (Note 23); and
Contingent liabilities (Notes 19 and 26).

Principles of consolidation
The Company's Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company's subsidiaries from the date control was assumed. Intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated. Third-party ownership interest in one of the Company's subsidiaries is presented in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements as activities and amounts attributable to non-controlling interest.

Revenues
Revenues are primarily derived from the provision of freight rail transportation services. Non-freight revenues are primarily derived from passenger service operators, switching fees, and logistics services, and also from leasing land and other property.

Revenues are recognized when promised services are delivered and obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied. Revenues are measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for providing services. In the normal course of business, the Company does not generate material revenues from acting as an agent for other entities. Revenues are presented net of taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities.
Freight revenues
The Company has master service agreements with customers which establish pricing, terms and conditions for future freight services the Company will provide when service requests or bills of lading are received from those customers. Each bill of lading or service request is a distinct performance obligation. Transaction prices are generally determined when bills of lading or service requests are initiated and are allocated to distinct performance obligations based on estimated standalone selling prices which are determined based on observable fair market values. The Company also provides freight transportation services to customers at published rates established in public tariff agreements. In those arrangements, a performance obligation is triggered at the time the freight transportation services are ordered by the customer.

Freight revenues are recognized over time as transportation services are provided and obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied. Inputs are used to measure the percentage of completion towards satisfaction of performance obligations. Progress is measured based on elapsed freight transit time relative to total expected freight transit time from origination to destination. Performance obligations not fully satisfied as at the balance sheet date are generally expected to be satisfied in the following reporting period. Contract liabilities represent payments received for performance obligations not yet satisfied. The short duration over which freight rail services are delivered generally means that there is an immaterial value of outstanding performance obligations and contract liabilities as at the balance sheet date.

Certain customer arrangements include variable consideration in the form of rebates, discounts, or incentives. The expected value method is used to estimate the amount of variable consideration to allocate to performance obligations as they are satisfied. Volume rebates are accrued based on estimated volumes and contract terms and recognized as a reduction of freight revenues as the related freight services are provided. Customer incentives are amortized over the term of the related service agreement.

Customers are invoiced when a bill of lading or service request is processed. Payment for services are due when performance obligations are satisfied. Amounts outstanding as at the balance sheet date are generally collected in the following reporting period. Performance obligations not fully satisfied as at the balance sheet date are generally expected to be satisfied in the following reporting period.

Income taxes
The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, a deferred income tax asset or liability is determined based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax basis of the asset or liability, using enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the difference is expected to reverse. The change in the net deferred income tax asset or liability is included in the computation of "Net income" and "Other comprehensive income (loss)". The effect of changes in income tax rates on deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income in the reporting period that the change occurs.

The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred income tax assets if it is more likely than not, based on available evidence about future events, that some or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized.

The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit is measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. A liability for "unrecognized tax benefits" is recorded for any tax benefits claimed in the Company’s tax returns that do not have a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement.

Investment and other similar tax credits are initially recognized in "Deferred income taxes" on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets and subsequently recognized in "Deferred income tax expense (recovery)" on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income over the useful life of the related property.

Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is calculated using the weighted-average number of the Company's Common Shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is calculated using the treasury stock method for determining the dilutive effect of Common Shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options.

Equity method investments
The Company's investments in entities over which it can exercise significant influence or has joint control are accounted for using the equity method. Equity-method investments are initially recognized on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets at cost. Subsequently, the carrying amounts of these investments are adjusted to reflect:
the Company's share of the investments' income or losses, and comprehensive income or losses, based on the Company's share of their common stock and in-substance common stock;
depreciation, amortization, or accretion related to any basis differences identified at the time the investments were initially recognized;
dividends and distributions received;
other-than-temporary impairments; and
the effects of any intra-entity income or losses and capital transactions.

Distributions from equity-method investments are classified on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows according to the nature of the activities that generated the distributions.

If the Company acquires control of an equity-method investment, it stops accounting for the investment using the equity method. The investment is remeasured to fair value as of the date control was assumed, and any gain or loss is recognized in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. Any amounts in "Accumulated other comprehensive income" ("AOCI") related to the investment are reclassified and included in the calculation of the gain or loss. Any gain or loss on the settlement of a pre-existing relationship between the Company and the investment is recognized in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income, separately from the business acquisition.

Business acquisitions
Management makes estimates and assumptions to determine the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities and non-controlling interest assumed in a business combination at the acquisition date. Such estimates and assumptions are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. During the measurement period, the Company may adjust any provisional amounts reported on the acquisition date if additional information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed that, if known, would have affected their measurement on that date. Adjustments to provisional amounts are recognized with corresponding adjustments to "Goodwill".

If the acquisition-date fair value of an asset or liability arising from pre-acquisition contingencies cannot be determined as of the acquisition date or during the measurement period, the estimated amount of the asset or liability is recognized if it is probable that the asset existed or the liability had been incurred as of the acquisition date based on information available prior to the end of the measurement period and the amount of the asset or liability can be reasonably estimated. The measurement period ends at the earlier of the date that the necessary information about the facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date concerning the provisional amounts is obtained, or one year after the acquisition date.

Foreign currency translation
Foreign currency transactions
Foreign currency transactions are denominated in currencies other than the Company's functional currency, which is the Canadian dollar. Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated to the functional currency using the foreign exchange ("FX") rate prevailing on the day of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are remeasured to the functional currency using the exchange rate in effect as at the balance sheet date. FX gains and losses resulting from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities are recognized in income in the reporting period they arise.

Foreign operations
FX gains and losses arising from the translation of the Company's foreign subsidiaries' and equity-method investees' functional currencies to Canadian currency presentation are recognized in "Other comprehensive income (loss)" and recognized in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income upon the sale of the foreign operation. Asset and liability accounts are translated at the exchange rates in effect as at the balance sheet date, and revenues and expenses are translated using monthly average exchange rates.

U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt, finance lease obligations, short-term borrowings, and operating lease liabilities are designated as hedges of the Company's net investment in foreign subsidiaries and foreign equity-method investees. Accordingly, unrealized gains and losses arising from the translation of the designated U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt, finance lease obligations, and operating lease liabilities are offset against gains and losses arising from the translation of the Company's foreign operations' accounts in "Other comprehensive income (loss)".

Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments with original maturities of less than three months.

Accounts receivable, net
Accounts receivable are recorded at cost, net of an allowance for expected credit losses. The allowance for expected credit losses is estimated based on relevant information about historical credit loss experience of receivables with similar risk characteristics, current conditions, and forecasts of future conditions expected to affect collectability.

Accounts receivable are written off against the allowance for credit losses when it is probable that the remaining contractual payments will not be collected. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are credited to income in the reporting period they are recovered.
Materials and supplies
Materials and supplies, including fuel and parts used in the repair and maintenance of track structures, equipment, locomotives, and freight cars, are measured at the lower of average cost or net realizable value.

Properties
Properties are reported at historical cost, less accumulated depreciation or amortization and any impairment. The Company reviews properties for impairment when changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. If the estimated future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to the estimated fair values, measured using discounted cash flows, and a corresponding impairment loss is recognized in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.

Additions and betterments
For property additions and betterments, the Company capitalizes all costs necessary to make the assets ready for their intended use.

A large amount of the Company's capital expenditures are for self-constructed properties, both new and the replacement of existing properties. Self-constructed assets are initially recorded at cost, including direct costs, attributable indirect costs, overheads, and carrying costs:
direct costs include labour, purchased services, materials and equipment, project supervision costs, and fringe benefits.
attributable indirect costs mainly include costs associated with work trains, material distribution, highway vehicles, and work equipment.
overheads primarily relate to engineering department costs of planning, designing, and administering the capital projects, which are allocated to projects using a measure consistent with the nature of the cost, based on cost studies.

The Company capitalizes costs incurred for replacements or betterments that enhance the service potential or extend the useful life of properties, when the expenditures exceed minimum physical and financial thresholds:
the cost of ballast programs, including undercutting, shoulder ballasting, and renewal programs that form part of the annual track program are capitalized because the work and related added ballast material significantly improves drainage, which in turn extends the life of ties and other track materials. The cost of ballast programs are tracked separately from the underlying assets and depreciated over the estimated period to the next similar ballast program. Spot replacement of ballast is considered a repair, which is expensed as incurred.
significant freight car refurbishments, locomotive overhauls, and other capital improvements that enhance service potential or extend useful life are capitalized.
replacement project costs, including dismantling costs, are expensed or capitalized based on studies of the activities performed in the projects.

Costs to repair or maintain the service potential of properties are expensed.

The Company also capitalizes development costs for major new computer systems.

Depreciation
The Company primarily uses the group method of depreciation, in which properties with similar characteristics, use, and expected lives are allocated to asset groups:
the asset groups are depreciated on a straight-line basis reflecting their expected economic lives, using composite depreciation rates. All track assets are depreciated using a straight-line method which recognizes the value of the asset consumed as a percentage of the whole life of the asset.
composite depreciation rates are established through depreciation studies, which are regular, detailed reviews, performed by asset group, of service lives, salvage values, accumulated depreciation, and other related matters.
the depreciation studies also estimate accumulated depreciation surpluses or deficiencies for each asset group, which are amortized over the remaining life of the respective asset group.
when depreciable property is retired or otherwise disposed in the normal course of business, its life generally approximates its expected useful life as determined in the depreciation studies. For this reason, under group depreciation, a gain or loss on disposal is not recognized. Instead, the asset's net book value, less net salvage proceeds, is charged to accumulated depreciation.
for certain asset groups, the historical cost of the asset is separately recorded in the Company's property records. This amount is retired from the property records upon retirement of the asset. For assets for which the historical cost cannot be separately identified, the asset's gross book value to be retired is estimated using an indexation methodology, whereby the retired property's current replacement cost is indexed to its estimated year of installation, or a first-in, first-out approach, or statistical analysis. The Company uses indices that closely correlate to the principal costs of the assets.
when removal costs exceed the property's salvage value and removal is not a legal obligation, the removal costs are charged to income when the property is retired.
for the disposal of larger groups of depreciable assets that are unusual and were not considered in the Company's depreciation studies, a gain or loss is recognized for the difference between the net proceeds and the net book value of the assets sold or retired. The accumulated depreciation that is derecognized includes asset-specific accumulated depreciation, when known, or an appropriate portion of the accumulated depreciation recorded for the relevant asset class as a whole, calculated using a cost-based allocation.
Concession assets
CPKC holds a concession from the Mexican government which authorizes the Company to provide freight transportation services over certain rail lines, including the use of all related track and other assets necessary for the rail lines' operations (the "Concession"). The Concession term ends in June 2047, but is renewable under certain conditions, for additional periods, each up to 50 years.

The underlying tangible assets that the Concession provides the Company with the right to use are capitalized in "Properties" and depreciated, using the group method, over the lesser of the expected Concession term, which includes one renewal period of 50 years, or the estimated useful life of the underlying asset groups. The intangible rights granted under the Concession are amortized over the expected term of the Concession.

Finance lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets
Finance lease ROU assets recognized in "Properties" are amortized to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the ROU asset or the end of the lease term.

Government assistance
The Company recognizes government assistance from various levels of governments and government agencies when there is reasonable assurance that the assistance will be received. Government assistance in connection with the acquisition or construction of properties sometimes includes conditions which, if not met within a certain period of time, may require repayment of some or all of the assistance received. It is the Company's intention to comply with all conditions imposed by the terms of government assistance accepted. Government assistance received or receivable related to property is recorded as a reduction of the cost of the property and amortized over the same period as the related assets are depreciated.

Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets upon acquisition of a business. The carrying value of goodwill, which is not amortized, is assessed for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances arise that suggest it may be impaired. The Company's annual review of goodwill is performed in the fourth quarter, on the October 1 balance.

The Company first assesses qualitative factors, including, but not limited to, economic, market, and industry conditions, the reporting unit's overall financial performance, and events such as notable changes in management or customers. If the qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, a quantitative assessment is undertaken. The quantitative assessment is a comparison of the reporting unit's carrying value and fair value. The reporting unit's fair value is defined as the price expected to be received if it was sold in an orderly transaction between market participants. It is determined based on pre-tax discounted cash flows that reflect management's best estimates of the time value of money and risks specific to the reporting unit and its assets. If the carrying value of the reporting unit, including goodwill, exceeds its fair value, an impairment is recognized, measured at the amount by which the reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value.

Intangible assets
Intangible assets with finite useful lives, consisting primarily of customer contracts, customer relationships, and favourable leases, are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, with any changes in useful life estimates adjusted prospectively. If events or circumstances indicate that a finite-lived intangible asset's carrying amount may not be recoverable, then an impairment loss is recognized for the excess of its carrying amount over its fair value, determined using pre-tax discounted cash flows.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are primarily trackage rights that are expected to generate cash flows indefinitely. They are not amortized but are tested for impairment at least annually, or sooner if conditions warrant. Impairment is measured as the excess of the asset's carrying amount over its fair value, determined using pre-tax discounted cash flows.

Financial instruments
Financial instruments are contracts that give rise to a financial asset of one party and a financial liability or equity instrument of another party. Financial instruments are recognized initially at fair value, which is the amount of consideration that would be agreed upon in an arm’s-length transaction between willing parties.

Cash and cash equivalents are reported at amounts that approximate fair value. Accounts receivable and investments consisting of loans and receivables are subsequently measured at amortized cost, using the effective interest method. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, other long-term liabilities, and long-term debt are also subsequently measured at amortized cost.
Derivative financial instruments
Derivative financial instruments may be used from time to time to manage the Company's exposure to changes in FX rates, interest rates, fuel prices, and certain compensation tied to the Company's Common Share price. When derivative instruments are used in hedging relationships, the Company identifies, designates, and documents those hedging transactions and regularly tests the transactions to demonstrate effectiveness in order to continue hedge accounting.

Derivative instruments are classified as held-for-trading and recorded at fair value on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets as current or non-current assets or liabilities depending on the timing of settlements and the resulting cash flows associated with the instruments. Any changes in the fair values of derivatives that are not designated as hedges are recognized in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income in the reporting period the change occurs.

For fair value hedges, changes in the fair value of the hedging instrument are recognized in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income, along with changes in the fair value of the hedged risk of the asset or liability that is designated as part of the hedging relationship.

For designated cash flow hedges, changes in the fair value of the hedging instrument are recognized in "Other comprehensive income (loss)" and reclassified to the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income when the hedged item impacts income. If a derivative instrument designated as a cash flow hedge ceases to be effective or is terminated, hedge accounting is discontinued and the gain or loss at that date is deferred in "Other comprehensive income (loss)" and recognized in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income concurrently with the related transaction. If an anticipated hedged transaction is no longer probable, the gain or loss is immediately recognized. Subsequent gains and losses from derivative instruments for which hedge accounting has been discontinued are recognized in the reporting period in which they occur.

Cash flows relating to derivative instruments designated as hedges are included in the same category as the related hedged items on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Leases
The Company leases rolling stock, buildings, vehicles, railway equipment and roadway machines. Lease liabilities and ROU assets are recognized on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets for finance leases and operating leases with fixed terms and in-substance fixed terms:
ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized on the lease commencement date at the present value of the future lease payments over the lease term. Lease payments include fixed and variable payments that are based on an index or a rate. If the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable, the Company uses internal incremental secured borrowing rates for a comparable tenor and in the same currency at the lease commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments.
certain leases of rolling stock and roadway machines are fully variable or contain both fixed and variable components. Variable components are dependent on the hours and miles that the underlying equipment has been used. Fixed-term, short-term, and variable operating lease costs are recognized in "Equipment rents" and "Purchased services and other" in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.
components of finance lease costs are recognized in "Depreciation and amortization" and "Net interest expense" in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.
ROU assets are adjusted for lease prepayments, initial direct costs, and lease incentives.
lease terms include periods associated with options to extend or exclude periods associated with termination options when the Company is reasonably certain of exercising such options.
non-lease components are accounted for separately from lease components of roadway machine and fleet vehicle lease contracts. Otherwise, lease and non-lease components are combined and accounted as a single lease component.

Leases with terms of 12 months or less that do not contain an option to purchase the underlying asset at the end of the lease term that the Company intends to exercise are not recognized on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets; lease payments are recognized as expenses in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Provision for environmental remediation
Environmental remediation accruals, covering site-specific remediation programs, are recorded on an undiscounted basis unless a reliably determinable estimate of the amount and timing of costs can be established. The accruals are recorded when the costs to remediate are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Certain future costs to monitor sites are discounted at an adjusted risk-free rate. Provisions for environmental remediation costs are recognized in "Other long-term liabilities", except for the current portion, which is recognized in "Accounts payable and accrued liabilities".

Pensions and other benefits
Obligations and net periodic benefit (recovery) cost for the Company's defined benefit pension plans are actuarially determined using the projected benefit method, pro-rated over the credited service periods of employees. This method incorporates management’s best estimates of actuarial assumptions, such as discount rates, salary and other cost escalations, employees' retirement ages and mortality. The discount rates are based on blended market interest rates on high-quality debt instruments with matching cash flows.
Plan assets are measured at fair value. The expected return on plan assets is calculated using market-related asset values, developed from a five-year average of adjusted market values for the fund’s public equity securities and absolute return strategies, plus the market value of the fund’s other asset classes, subject to the market-related asset value not being greater than 120% nor less than 80% of the market value.

Actuarial gains and losses arise from the difference between the actual and expected return on plan assets, and changes in the measurement of the benefit obligation. Periodic net actuarial gains and losses and prior service costs are accumulated and presented as a component of AOCI on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Obligations and net periodic benefit (recovery) cost for the Company's other post-retirement and post-employment benefits are actuarially determined on a similar basis.

The funded status of the Company's defined benefit pension plans, measured for each plan as the difference between the fair value of the plan's assets and projected benefit obligation, is reported on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Components of net periodic benefit (recovery) cost recognized in "Operating income" in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income include:
current service costs for defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefits, and the Company's contributions to defined contribution pension plans, which are recognized in "Compensation and benefits" expense; and
current service costs for self-insured workers' compensation and long-term disability benefits, which are recognized in "Purchased services and other" expense.

Other components of net periodic benefit recovery (cost) recognized outside of "Operating income" in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income are:
interest cost on benefit obligation;
expected return on plan assets;
recognition of net actuarial gains and losses in excess of 10% of the greater of the projected benefit obligation and the market-related value of pension plan assets, over the expected average remaining service period of the plan's active employee group (approximately 13 years);
amortization of prior service costs arising from collectively bargained amendments to pension plan benefit provisions (over the term of the applicable union agreement) and from all other sources (over the expected average remaining service period of active employees who are expected to receive benefits under the plan at the date of the amendment);
gains and losses on post-employment benefits that do not vest or accumulate, including certain workers' compensation and long-term disability benefits in Canada; and
the effects of special termination benefits.

Stock-based compensation
Stock options
The cost of awards of equity-settled employee stock options is measured based on their grant date fair values. "Compensation and benefits" expense, with a corresponding increase to "Additional paid-in capital" in "Shareholders' equity", is recognized over the shorter of the vesting period or the period from the grant date to the date the employee becomes eligible to retire. The grant date fair value is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Forfeitures are estimated at the grant date, and changes in the estimate of forfeitures in subsequent reporting periods are recognized as adjustments to "Compensation and benefits" expense in the reporting period that the change in estimate occurs. As stock options are exercised, the related amount accumulated in "Additional paid-in capital" is reclassified to "Share Capital" and the proceeds are recognized in "Share Capital".

Share units
The Company also issues cash-settled awards, including deferred share units ("DSUs"), performance share units ("PSUs") and performance deferred share units ("PDSUs"), for which a liability is remeasured each financial reporting period until settlement.

For DSUs, "Compensation and benefits" expense is recognized over the shorter of the vesting term, or the period from the grant date to the date the employee is eligible to retire, based on the number of units outstanding and the closing price of CPKC's Common Shares on the reporting date. For PSUs and PDSUs, fair values are recognized for units that are probable of vesting, based on forecasted performance factors, and "Compensation and benefits" expense is recognized over the performance period. Forfeitures of share units are estimated at the grant date, and changes in the estimate of forfeitures in subsequent periods are recognized as adjustments to "Compensation and benefits" expense in the period that the change in estimate occurs.

Share purchase plan
The Company's contributions to the employee share purchase plan gives rise to compensation expense that is recognized at the issue price and recognized as "Compensation and benefits" expense over a one year vesting period.
v3.25.4
Accounting changes
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Accounting Standards Update and Change in Accounting Principle [Abstract]  
Accounting changes Accounting changes
Accounting pronouncements that became effective during the reporting period did not materially change the reported amounts of "Operating income", "Net income", or "Earnings per share".

Recently issued accounting standards that will become effective in future reporting periods are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements when they are adopted.
v3.25.4
Revenues
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenues Revenues
The following table presents disaggregated information about the Company’s revenues from contracts with customers by major source:
For the year ended December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars)2025 20242023 
Grain$3,217 $3,012 $2,496 
Coal1,025 943 859 
Potash640 614 566 
Fertilizers and sulphur423 406 385 
Forest products792 816 696 
Energy, chemicals and plastics2,898 2,851 2,301 
Metals, minerals and consumer products1,792 1,777 1,579 
Automotive1,310 1,280 934 
Intermodal2,679 2,524 2,465 
Total freight revenues14,776 14,223 12,281 
Non-freight excluding leasing revenues193 191 161 
Revenues from contracts with customers14,969 14,414 12,442 
Leasing revenues109 132 113 
Total revenues$15,078 $14,546 $12,555 

Contract liabilities       
Contract liabilities represent payments received for performance obligations not yet satisfied. They are presented within "Accounts payable and accrued liabilities" and "Other long-term liabilities" on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there were no material contract liabilities.
v3.25.4
Other (income) expense
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]  
Other (income) expense Other (income) expense
For the year ended December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars)202520242023
Loss on foreign currency forward contract (Note 18)
$ $$39 
Other FX gains(14)(6)(12)
Acquisition-related costs
 — 
Gain on debt repurchases (Note 17) (22)— 
Other13 (18)19 
Other (income) expense$(1)$(42)$52 
v3.25.4
Gain on sale of equity investment
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]  
Gain on sale of equity investments Gain on sale of equity investment
On April 1, 2025, CPKC sold its 50% equity method investment in the Panama Canal Railway Company to APM Terminals Panama Rail LP ("APM Terminals"), a subsidiary of A.P. Moller-Maersk A/S, for gross proceeds of U.S. $350 million. After finalizing purchase price adjustments for cash acquired and debt and net working capital assumed by APM Terminals, the Company received cash consideration of U.S. $344 million ($493 million) and recognized a pre-tax gain of U.S. $232 million ($333 million) in "Gain on sale of equity investment”. The after-tax gain was U.S. $177 million ($256 million).
Investment in Kansas City Southern
On April 14, 2023, the Company assumed control of KCS and derecognized its equity method investment in KCS (see Note 11). The carrying amount of the Company's equity investment in KCS reported in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets prior to derecognition reflected the total of the consideration paid to acquire KCS (see Note 11), the offsetting asset recorded on recognition of a deferred tax liability computed on an outside basis (see Note 7), the subsequent recognition of equity income recognized in "Equity earnings of Kansas City Southern" and "Other comprehensive income (loss) from equity investees", the receipt of dividends from KCS, and foreign currency translation based on the period-end exchange rate.

The Company estimated approximately $30 billion of basis differences between the consideration paid to acquire KCS and the underlying carrying value of the net assets of KCS as at December 14, 2021. While the Company accounted for its investment in KCS using the equity method of accounting from December 14, 2021 until April 13, 2023, the basis difference was amortized and recorded as a reduction of the Company's equity earnings of KCS. The basis differences that related to depreciable property, plant and equipment, intangible assets with definite lives, and long-term debt were amortized over the related assets' remaining useful lives, and the remaining terms to maturity of the debt instruments. The remainder of the basis differences, related to non-depreciable property, plant and equipment, intangible assets with indefinite lives, and equity method goodwill, were not amortized and were carried at cost subject to an assessment for impairment.

For the period January 1 to April 13, 2023, the Company recognized $230 million of equity earnings of KCS, and received dividends from KCS of $300 million. The foreign currency translation of the investment in KCS resulted in a FX loss of $578 million. Included within the equity earnings of KCS recognized for the period from January 1 to April 13, 2023 was amortization (net of tax) of basis differences of $48 million.

The following table presents summarized financial information for KCS, on its historical cost basis:

(in millions of Canadian dollars)(1)
For the period January 1 to April 13, 2023
Total revenues$1,351 
Total operating expenses888 
Operating income 463 
Other(2)
83 
Income before income taxes380 
Net income attributable to controlling shareholders $280 
(1)    KCS's historical amounts in U.S. dollars were translated into Canadian dollars at the Bank of Canada average exchange rate for the period from January 1 to April 13, 2023 with an effective exchange rate of $1.35.
(2)    Includes Equity in net earnings of KCS's affiliates, Interest expense, FX loss, and Other income, net.
v3.25.4
Income taxes
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income taxes Income taxes
The following is a summary of the major components of the Company’s income tax expense (recovery):

For the year ended December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars)202520242023
Current income tax expense$1,174 $1,031 $909 
Deferred income tax expense (recovery)
Reversal of outside basis deferred income tax (Note 11)
 — (7,832)
Origination and reversal of temporary differences214 65 53 
Effect of tax rate decrease(7)(70)(72)
Effect of hedge of net investment in foreign subsidiaries and equity-method investees (Note 9)
(31)36 (22)
Other(5)(3)(12)
Total deferred income tax expense (recovery)171 28 (7,885)
Total income tax expense (recovery)$1,345 $1,059 $(6,976)
Income (loss) before income tax expense (recovery)
Canada$2,495 $2,426 $2,359 
Foreign2,987 2,346 (5,412)
Total income (loss) before income tax expense (recovery)5,482 4,772 (3,053)
Income tax expense (recovery)
Current
Canada369 409 377 
Foreign805 622 532 
Total current income tax expense1,174 1,031 909 
Deferred
Canada286 206 238 
Foreign(115)(178)(8,123)
Total deferred income tax expense (recovery) 171 28 (7,885)
Total income tax expense (recovery)1,345 1,059 (6,976)
Canada - Federal(1)
379   
Canada - Provincial(1)
276   
Foreign690   
Total income tax expense (recovery)$1,345 $1,059 $(6,976)
(1)    Disaggregation of domestic federal and provincial income tax expense in accordance with the prospective adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures effective January 1, 2025.
The provision for deferred income taxes arises from temporary differences in the carrying values of assets and liabilities for financial statement and income tax purposes and the effect of loss carryforwards. The items comprising the deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

As at December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars)20252024
Deferred income tax assets
Tax losses and other attributes carried forward$290 $298 
Liabilities carrying value in excess of tax basis259 300 
Environmental remediation costs47 50 
Unrealized foreign exchange losses26 57 
Other17 10 
Total deferred income tax assets639 715 
Less: Valuation allowance(38)(57)
Total net deferred income tax assets$601 $658 
Deferred income tax liabilities
Properties carrying value in excess of tax basis9,910 10,155 
Pensions carrying value in excess of tax basis1,228 1,084 
Intangibles carrying value in excess of tax basis764 824 
Investments carrying value in excess of tax basis452 498 
Other76 71 
Total deferred income tax liabilities12,430 12,632 
Total net deferred income tax liabilities$11,829 $11,974 
The Company’s consolidated effective tax rate differs from the expected Canadian federal statutory tax rate. Expected income tax expense at the Canadian federal statutory rate is reconciled to income tax expense as follows for 2025(1):

For the year ended December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage)2025
Canadian federal statutory income tax rate(2)
$822 15.00 %
Provincial tax effects(3)
276 5.03 %
Foreign tax effects
United States
Statutory rate difference between the United States and Canada65 1.19 %
State and local income taxes43 0.78 %
Tax credits(51)(0.93) %
Other10 0.18 %
Mexico
Statutory rate difference between Mexico and Canada158 2.88 %
Inflation(4)
(48)(0.88)%
Other33 0.60 %
Switzerland
Statutory rate difference between Switzerland and Canada(52)(0.95)%
Cantonal and local income taxes27 0.49 %
Other34 0.62 %
Other jurisdictions25 0.46 %
Nontaxable or nondeductible items11 0.20 %
Changes in unrecognized tax benefits(1)(0.02)%
Tax credits(2)(0.04)%
Other(5)(0.09)%
Effective tax rate$1,345 24.54 %
(1)    Rate reconciliation provided in accordance with the prospective adoption of ASU 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures effective January 1, 2025.
(2)     The Canadian federal statutory income tax rate is comprised of basic federal tax rate 38%, federal abatement (10%), and general rate reduction (13%).
(3)    The majority of the provincial tax effects are derived from Ontario, Saskatchewan and British Columbia.
(4)    Tax impact from inflation adjustment required for Mexico tax purposes.
The Company’s consolidated effective tax rate differs from the expected Canadian statutory tax rates. Expected income tax expense (recovery) at statutory rates is reconciled to income tax expense (recovery) as follows for 2024 and 2023:

For the year ended December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage)20242023
Statutory federal and provincial income tax rate (Canada)26.11 %26.11 %
Expected income tax expense (recovery) at Canadian enacted statutory tax rates$1,246 $(797)
(Decrease) increase in taxes resulting from:
Reversal of outside basis deferred income tax (Note 11)
— (7,832)
Remeasurement loss of Kansas City Southern— 1,873 
(Gains) losses not subject to tax(10)10 
Canadian tax rate differentials(17)(14)
Foreign tax rate differentials(41)(62)
Effect of tax rate decrease(70)(72)
Deduction for dividends taxed on outside basis— (68)
Unrecognized tax benefits(10)
Inflation in Mexico(33)(31)
Valuation allowance
Other(24)26 
Income tax expense (recovery) $1,059 $(6,976)

In 2024, the Company revalued its deferred income tax balances as a result of decreases in the corporate income tax rates in the states of Louisiana and Arkansas, resulting in a net recovery of $81 million.

In 2023, the Company revalued its deferred income tax balances as a result of decreases in the corporate income tax rates in the states of Iowa and Arkansas, resulting in a net recovery of $13 million.

In 2023, the Company recognized a deferred income tax recovery of $23 million (U.S. $17 million) on the outside basis difference of the change in the equity investment in KCS for the period January 1, 2023 to April 13, 2023, prior to acquiring control of KCS. The outside basis difference is the excess of the carrying amount of the Company’s investment in KCS for financial reporting over the tax basis of this investment.

In 2023, the Company recognized a deferred income tax recovery of $7,832 million on the derecognition of the deferred income tax liability on the outside basis difference of the investment in KCS upon acquiring control.

The Company has not provided a deferred liability for the income taxes which might become payable on any temporary difference associated with its foreign investments because the Company intends to indefinitely reinvest in its foreign investments and does not intend to realize this difference by a sale of its interest in foreign investments. It is not practical to calculate the amount of the deferred income tax liability.

It is more likely than not that the Company will realize the majority of its deferred income tax assets from the generation of future taxable income, as the payments for provisions, reserves, and accruals are made and losses and tax credits carried forward are utilized.

As at December 31, 2025, the Company had $56 million (2024 - $33 million) in tax effected operating losses carried forward recognized as a deferred income tax asset, which will begin to expire in 2026. The Company expects to fully utilize these tax effected operating losses before their expiry.

As at December 31, 2025, the Company had $5 million (2024 - $18 million) in tax effected capital losses carried forward recognized as a deferred income tax asset, which will begin to expire in 2029. The Company expects to fully utilize these tax effected capital losses before their expiry.

As at December 31, 2025, the Company had $4 million (2024 - $6 million) in tax credits carried forward recognized as a deferred income tax asset, which will begin to expire in 2028. The Company expects to fully utilize these tax credits before their expiry. The Company did not have any minimum tax credits or investment tax credits carried forward.
The following table provides a reconciliation of uncertain tax positions in relation to unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31:

(in millions of Canadian dollars)202520242023
Unrecognized tax benefits at January 1$29 $22 $20 
Increase in unrecognized:
Tax benefits related to the current year1 
Tax benefits related to prior years1 14 10 
Tax benefits acquired with KCS — 
Dispositions:
Gross uncertain tax benefits related to prior years(4)(1)(6)
Settlements with taxing authorities (7)(6)
Unrecognized tax benefits at December 31$27 $29 $22 

If these unrecognized tax benefits were recognized, $22 million of unrecognized tax benefits as at December 31, 2025 would impact the Company’s effective tax rate.

The Company recognizes accrued interest, inflation and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of "Income tax expense (recovery)" in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income. The net amount of accrued interest, inflation and penalties in 2025 was a $1 million expense (2024 - $4 million recovery; 2023 - $3 million recovery). The total amount of accrued interest, inflation and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits as at December 31, 2025 was $12 million (2024 - $11 million; 2023 - $15 million).

The following table provides income taxes paid (net of refunds received) for the year ended December 31(1):

For the year ended December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars)2025
Canada
Federal$219 
Provincial162 
U.S.
Federal246 
State55 
Mexico346 
Switzerland
Federal 65 
Cantonal and local 37 
Other jurisdictions25 
Total income tax paid$1,155 
(1)    Income taxes paid (net of refunds received) provided in accordance with the prospective adoption of ASU 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures effective January 1, 2025.
The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to either Canadian federal and provincial income tax, U.S. federal, state and local income tax, Mexican federal income tax or the relevant income tax in other international jurisdictions. The Company has substantially concluded all Canadian federal and provincial income tax matters for the years through 2020. The federal and provincial income tax returns filed for 2021 and subsequent years remain subject to examination by the Canadian taxation authorities. The U.S. income tax returns for 2022 and subsequent years continue to remain subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and U.S. state tax jurisdictions, with the exception of certain states that have ongoing audits for prior years. Kansas City Southern de México, S.A. de C.V. (also known as Canadian Pacific Kansas City Mexico) ("CPKCM") has concluded audit examinations for Mexican income tax returns for the tax years through 2021, except for the 2014 tax year which is currently in litigation before the Federal Collegiate Circuit Courts (see Note 26). The CPKCM Mexican income tax returns filed for 2022, and subsequent years remain subject to examination by the Mexican Tax Authority, Servicio de Administración Tributaria ("SAT"). There are certain other Mexican subsidiaries with ongoing audits for the years 2016-2020. As at December 31, 2025, the Company believes that it has recorded sufficient income tax reserves with respect to these income tax examinations and open tax years.

Mexican tax audits
During the year, the Company received final audit letters for CPKCM for 2021 and a payment of $11 million was made in respect of that year. CPKCM closed audit examinations with the SAT for the tax years 2016-2020 in September 2023 and the tax years 2009-2010, 2013 and 2015 in November 2023. The audit examinations were for corporate income tax and value added tax ("VAT"). The settlement of these audits resulted in payments of $135 million.
v3.25.4
Earnings per share
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Earnings per share Earnings per share
For the year ended December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars, except per share data)202520242023
Net income attributable to controlling shareholders$4,141 $3,718 $3,927 
Weighted-average basic shares outstanding (millions)916.2 933.0 931.3 
Dilutive effect of stock options (millions)0.9 1.6 2.4 
Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding (millions)917.1 934.6 933.7 
Basic earnings per share$4.52 $3.98 $4.22 
Diluted earnings per share$4.51 $3.98 $4.21 

In 2025, there were 2.0 million options excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because their effects were not dilutive (2024 - 0.6 million; 2023 - 0.6 million).
v3.25.4
Other comprehensive income (loss) and Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Equity [Abstract]  
Other comprehensive income (loss) and Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) Other comprehensive (loss) income and Accumulated other comprehensive income
The components of Other comprehensive (loss) income and the related tax effects attributable to controlling shareholders are as follows:

(in millions of Canadian dollars)Before
tax amount
Income tax (expense) recovery Net of tax
amount
For the year ended December 31, 2025
FX (loss) gain on:
Translation of net investment in U.S. subsidiaries and equity method investees$(1,846)$ $(1,846)
Translation of U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries and equity method investees (Note 18)
293 (31)262 
Realized loss on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges recognized in income(1) (1)
Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses180 (48)132 
Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs5 (1)4 
Equity accounted investments7  7 
Other comprehensive loss$(1,362)$(80)$(1,442)
For the year ended December 31, 2024
FX gain (loss) on:
Translation of net investment in U.S. subsidiaries and equity method investees$2,920 $— $2,920 
Translation of U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries and equity method investees (Note 18)
(380)36 (344)
Realized gain on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges recognized in income(1)
Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses990 (257)733 
Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs(11)(8)
Equity accounted investments(8)— (8)
Other comprehensive income$3,517 $(219)$3,298 
For the year ended December 31, 2023
FX (loss) gain on:
Translation of net investment in U.S. subsidiaries and equity method investees$(840)$— $(840)
Translation of U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries and equity method investees (Note 18)
194 (22)172 
Realized gain on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges recognized in income(2)
Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses(57)16 (41)
Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs(16)(12)
Equity accounted investments— 
Other comprehensive loss$(705)$(4)$(709)
Changes in AOCI attributable to controlling shareholders, net of tax, by component are as follows:

(in millions of Canadian dollars)
Foreign currency
net of hedging
activities
Derivatives
Pension and post-
retirement defined
benefit plans
Equity accounted investmentsTotal
Opening balance, January 1, 2025$3,413 $10 $(738)$(5)$2,680 
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications(1,584) 129 7 (1,448)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (1)7  6 
Net other comprehensive (loss) income(1,584)(1)136 7 (1,442)
Balance as at December 31, 2025$1,829 $9 $(602)$2 $1,238 
Opening balance, January 1, 2024$837 $$(1,463)$$(618)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications2,576 — 690 (8)3,258 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI— 35 — 40 
Net other comprehensive income (loss) 2,576 725 (8)3,298 
Balance as at December 31, 2024$3,413 $10 $(738)$(5)$2,680 
v3.25.4
Accounts receivable, net
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Receivables [Abstract]  
Accounts receivable, net Accounts receivable, net
As at December 31, 2025As at December 31, 2024
(in millions of Canadian dollars)FreightNon-freightTotalFreightNon-freightTotal
Total accounts receivable$1,722 $424 $2,146 $1,635 $431 $2,066 
Allowance for credit losses(91)(26)(117)(75)(23)(98)
Total accounts receivable, net$1,631 $398 $2,029 $1,560 $408 $1,968 
v3.25.4
Business acquisition
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Business Combination, Asset Acquisition, Transaction between Entities under Common Control, and Joint Venture Formation [Abstract]  
Business acquisition Business acquisition
On December 14, 2021, the Company purchased 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of KCS with the objective of creating the only single-line railroad linking the U.S., Mexico and Canada, and the Company placed the shares of KCS in a voting trust. On March 15, 2023, the U.S. Surface Transportation Board approved the Company and KCS’s joint merger application, and the Company assumed control of KCS on the Control Date. From December 14, 2021 to April 13, 2023, the Company recognized its investment in KCS using the equity method of accounting.

Accordingly, the Company commenced consolidation of KCS on the Control Date, accounting for the acquisition as a business combination achieved in stages. The results from operations and cash flows have been consolidated prospectively from the Control Date. The Company derecognized its previously held equity method investment in KCS of $44,402 million as at April 13, 2023 and remeasured the investment at its Control Date fair value of $37,227 million, which formed part of the purchase consideration, resulting in a remeasurement loss of $7,175 million recognized in the second quarter of 2023. In addition, and on the same date, a deferred income tax recovery of $7,832 million was recognized upon the derecognition of the deferred income tax liability computed on the outside basis that the Company had recognized in relation to its investment in KCS while accounted for using the equity method.

The accounting for the acquisition of KCS was completed on April 13, 2024, with the end of the measurement period and the final validation of the fair values assigned to acquired assets and assumed liabilities. This validation was completed using additional information about facts and circumstances as of the Control Date, that was obtained during the measurement period.
The following table summarizes the final purchase price allocation with the amounts recognized in respect of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and non-controlling interest assumed on the Control Date, as well as the fair value of the previously held equity interest in KCS and the measurement period adjustments recorded:

(in millions of Canadian dollars)Preliminary allocation - April 14, 2023Measurement period adjustmentsFinal allocation
Net assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents$298 $— $298 
Net working capital51 (161)(110)
Properties28,748 28,749 
Intangible assets3,022 — 3,022 
Other long-term assets496 (6)490 
Debt including debt maturing within one year(4,545)— (4,545)
Deferred income taxes(6,984)62 (6,922)
Other long-term liabilities(406)(37)(443)
Total identifiable net assets$20,680 $(141)$20,539 
Goodwill17,491 141 17,632 
$38,171 $— $38,171 
Consideration:
Fair value of previously held equity method investment$37,227 $— $37,227 
Intercompany payable balance, net acquired12 — 12 
Fair value of non-controlling interest932 — 932 
Total$38,171 $— $38,171 

During the measurement period, adjustments were recorded as a result of new information that was obtained about facts and circumstances of certain KCS assets and liabilities as of the Control Date. New information obtained during 2023 was primarily in relation to CPKCM's VAT assets and liabilities, as well as income and other tax positions. New information obtained during the first quarter of 2024 was primarily in relation to KCS's environmental liabilities, certain liabilities for other taxes in Mexico and legal and personal injury claims. Other adjustments recorded in relation to assets and liabilities were not significant in value. These adjustments to the Company's December 31, 2023 Consolidated Balance Sheets and March 31, 2024 Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets had a negligible impact to the Company's net income in 2023 and in the year ended December 31, 2024.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, in relation to certain Mexican tax liabilities identified and recorded through Goodwill during the measurement period, the Company also recorded further adjustments to provisions and settlements of Mexican taxes of $4 million net recovery recognized within "Compensation and benefits". This comprises $10 million for liabilities incurred since the Control Date recognized in the first quarter of 2024 and a $14 million related recovery.

On a pro forma basis, if the Company had consolidated KCS beginning on January 1, 2022, the revenue and net income attributable to controlling shareholders of the combined entity would be as follows for the year ended December 31, 2023:

For the year ended December 31, 2023
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
KCS Historical(1)
Pro Forma CPKC
Revenue$1,351 $13,909 
Net income attributable to controlling shareholders280 3,174 
(1)    KCS's historical amounts in U.S. dollars were translated into Canadian dollars at the Bank of Canada average exchange rate for the period from January 1 to April 13, 2023 with an effective exchange rate of $1.35.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, the supplemental pro forma Net income attributable to controlling shareholders for the combined entity was adjusted for:
the removal of the remeasurement loss of $7,175 million upon the derecognition of CPRL's previously held equity method investment in KCS, which included the reclassification of associated AOCI to retained earnings;
depreciation and amortization of differences between the historic carrying value and the fair value of tangible and intangible assets and investments prior to the Control Date;
amortization of differences between the carrying amount and the fair value of debt through net interest expense prior to the Control Date;
the elimination of intercompany transactions prior to the Control Date between the Company and KCS;
miscellaneous amounts reclassified across revenue, operating expenses, and non-operating income or expense, consistent with CPKC's financial statement captions;
the removal of equity earnings from KCS, previously recognized as an equity method investment prior to the Control Date, of $230 million;
transaction costs incurred by the Company; and
income tax adjustments including:
the derecognition of a deferred income tax recovery of $7,832 million related to the elimination of the deferred income tax liability on the outside basis difference of the investment in KCS;
the derecognition of a deferred income tax recovery on CPKC unitary state apportionment changes;
a deferred income tax recovery prior to the Control Date on amortization of fair value adjustments to investments, properties, intangible assets, and debt; and
a current income tax recovery on transaction costs expected to be incurred by CPKC.
v3.25.4
Investment in Kansas City Southern
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]  
Investment in KCS Gain on sale of equity investment
On April 1, 2025, CPKC sold its 50% equity method investment in the Panama Canal Railway Company to APM Terminals Panama Rail LP ("APM Terminals"), a subsidiary of A.P. Moller-Maersk A/S, for gross proceeds of U.S. $350 million. After finalizing purchase price adjustments for cash acquired and debt and net working capital assumed by APM Terminals, the Company received cash consideration of U.S. $344 million ($493 million) and recognized a pre-tax gain of U.S. $232 million ($333 million) in "Gain on sale of equity investment”. The after-tax gain was U.S. $177 million ($256 million).
Investment in Kansas City Southern
On April 14, 2023, the Company assumed control of KCS and derecognized its equity method investment in KCS (see Note 11). The carrying amount of the Company's equity investment in KCS reported in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets prior to derecognition reflected the total of the consideration paid to acquire KCS (see Note 11), the offsetting asset recorded on recognition of a deferred tax liability computed on an outside basis (see Note 7), the subsequent recognition of equity income recognized in "Equity earnings of Kansas City Southern" and "Other comprehensive income (loss) from equity investees", the receipt of dividends from KCS, and foreign currency translation based on the period-end exchange rate.

The Company estimated approximately $30 billion of basis differences between the consideration paid to acquire KCS and the underlying carrying value of the net assets of KCS as at December 14, 2021. While the Company accounted for its investment in KCS using the equity method of accounting from December 14, 2021 until April 13, 2023, the basis difference was amortized and recorded as a reduction of the Company's equity earnings of KCS. The basis differences that related to depreciable property, plant and equipment, intangible assets with definite lives, and long-term debt were amortized over the related assets' remaining useful lives, and the remaining terms to maturity of the debt instruments. The remainder of the basis differences, related to non-depreciable property, plant and equipment, intangible assets with indefinite lives, and equity method goodwill, were not amortized and were carried at cost subject to an assessment for impairment.

For the period January 1 to April 13, 2023, the Company recognized $230 million of equity earnings of KCS, and received dividends from KCS of $300 million. The foreign currency translation of the investment in KCS resulted in a FX loss of $578 million. Included within the equity earnings of KCS recognized for the period from January 1 to April 13, 2023 was amortization (net of tax) of basis differences of $48 million.

The following table presents summarized financial information for KCS, on its historical cost basis:

(in millions of Canadian dollars)(1)
For the period January 1 to April 13, 2023
Total revenues$1,351 
Total operating expenses888 
Operating income 463 
Other(2)
83 
Income before income taxes380 
Net income attributable to controlling shareholders $280 
(1)    KCS's historical amounts in U.S. dollars were translated into Canadian dollars at the Bank of Canada average exchange rate for the period from January 1 to April 13, 2023 with an effective exchange rate of $1.35.
(2)    Includes Equity in net earnings of KCS's affiliates, Interest expense, FX loss, and Other income, net.
v3.25.4
Properties
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Properties Properties
202520252024
As at December 31
(in millions of Canadian dollars except percentages)
Weighted-average annual depreciation rateCostAccumulated
depreciation
Net book
value
CostAccumulated
depreciation
Net book
value
Track and roadway2.7 %$46,283 $8,306 $37,977 $46,646 $7,741 $38,905 
Rolling stock3.9 %9,196 1,974 7,222 8,723 1,880 6,843 
LandN/A3,663  3,663 3,765 — 3,765 
Concession land rights1.4 %1,843 67 1,776 1,935 45 1,890 
Buildings2.8 %1,990 322 1,668 1,927 319 1,608 
Other6.1 %4,673 1,656 3,017 4,493 1,480 3,013 
Total$67,648 $12,325 $55,323 $67,489 $11,465 $56,024 

Concession assets included within each asset group of Properties shown above are as follows:

20252024
As at December 31
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
CostAccumulated
depreciation
Net book
value
CostAccumulated
depreciation
Net book
value
Track and roadway$7,591 $451 $7,140 $7,871 $302 $7,569 
Concession land rights1,843 67 1,776 1,935 45 1,890 
Buildings245 28 217 249 20 229 
Other120 14 106 157 148 
Total$9,799 $560 $9,239 $10,212 $376 $9,836 

Finance lease ROU assets

20252024
As at December 31
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
CostAccumulated
depreciation
Net book
value
CostAccumulated
depreciation
Net book
value
Rolling stock$188 $102 $86 $186 $90 $96 
Other18 4 14 
Total ROU assets held under finance lease$206 $106 $100 $194 $92 $102 

Government assistance
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company received $5 million (2024 - $26 million) of government assistance towards the purchase and construction of properties.

As at December 31, 2025, the total Properties balance of $55,323 million is net of $263 million (2024 - $272 million) of unamortized government assistance, primarily related to the enhancement of the Company's track and roadway infrastructure. Amortization related to government assistance for the year ended December 31, 2025, was $11 million (2024 - $10 million).
v3.25.4
Goodwill
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill Goodwill
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
Balance as at December 31, 2023$17,729 
Addition (Note 11)67 
FX impact1,554 
Balance as at December 31, 202419,350 
FX impact(914)
Balance as at December 31, 2025$18,436 
v3.25.4
Intangible assets
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Intangible assets Intangible assets
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
Cost(1)
Accumulated
amortization
Net carrying amount
Balance as at December 31, 2023$3,061 $(87)$2,974 
Amortization— (85)(85)
FX impact254 257 
Balance as at December 31, 20243,315 (169)3,146 
Amortization— (87)(87)
FX impact(158)10 (148)
Balance as at December 31, 2025$3,157 $(246)$2,911 
(1)    As at December 31, 2025, the Company held $1,863 million (2024 - $1,956 million) of Intangible assets not subject to amortization.

Provided below is the estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years, and thereafter:

(in millions of Canadian dollars)
2026$85 
202785 
202885 
202985 
203085 
2031 and thereafter
623 
Total $1,048 
v3.25.4
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]  
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
As at December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars)20252024
Trade payables$682 $768 
Accrued charges597 732 
Income and other taxes payable459 379 
Dividends payable204 177 
Accrued interest195 167 
Payroll-related accruals122 151 
Accrued vacation116 99 
Operating lease liabilities (Note 20)
111 112 
Personal injury and other claims provision78 78 
Stock-based compensation liabilities73 58 
Other114 121 
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities$2,751 $2,842 
v3.25.4
Debt
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Debt Debt
The following table outlines the Company's outstanding long-term debt as at December 31, 2025:
(in millions of Canadian dollars except percentages)MaturityCurrency in which payable20252024
2.90%
10-year Notes
(A)Feb 2025U.S.$$ $924 
3.70%
10.5-year Notes
(A)Feb 2026U.S.$343 360 
3.125%
10-year Notes
(A)Jun 2026U.S.$309 320 
1.75%
5-year Notes
(A)Dec 2026U.S.$1,370 1,438 
2.54%
6.3-year Notes
(A)Feb 2028CDN$1,200 1,200 
4.00%
10-year Notes
(A)Jun 2028U.S.$685 719 
3.15%
10-year Notes
(A)Mar 2029CDN$400 400 
2.875%
10-year Notes
(A)Nov 2029U.S.$533 551 
2.05%
10-year Notes
(A)Mar 2030U.S.$685 719 
4.80%
5-year Notes
(A)Mar 2030U.S.$821 — 
7.125%
30-year Debentures
(A)Oct 2031U.S.$480 503 
2.45%
10-year Notes
(A)Dec 2031U.S.$1,918 2,014 
4.00%
7-year Notes
(A)Jun 2032CDN$500 — 
5.75%
30-year Debentures
(A)Mar 2033U.S.$339 355 
5.20%
10-year Notes
(A)Mar 2035U.S.$818 — 
4.80%
20-year Notes
(A)Sep 2035U.S.$410 431 
4.40%
10.5-year Notes
(A)Jan 2036CDN$600 — 
5.95%
30-year Notes
(A)May 2037U.S.$612 642 
6.45%
30-year Notes
(A)Nov 2039CDN$400 400 
3.00%
20-year Notes
(A)Dec 2041U.S.$1,365 1,433 
5.75%
30-year Notes
(A)Jan 2042U.S.$338 355 
4.30%
30-year Notes
(A)May 2043U.S.$539 563 
4.80%
30-year Notes
(A)Aug 2045U.S.$752 790 
4.95%
30-year Notes
(A)Aug 2045U.S.$597 626 
4.70%
30-year Notes
(A)May 2048U.S.$623 653 
3.05%
30-year Notes
(A)Mar 2050CDN$298 298 
3.50%
30-year Notes
(A)May 2050U.S.$566 591 
3.10%
30-year Notes
(A)Dec 2051U.S.$2,388 2,507 
4.80%
30-year Notes
(A)Jun 2055CDN$298 — 
4.20%
50-year Notes
(A)Nov 2069U.S.$461 484 
6.125%
100-year Notes
(A)Sep 2115U.S.$1,234 1,295 
2.875% - 4.95%
Other Senior Notes(A)up to Nov 2069U.S.$110 114 
2.96% - 4.29%
RRIF Loans(B)up to Feb 2037U.S.$60 69 
Obligations under finance leases:
Various(C)VariousCDN$/U.S.$7 
2.32%(C)Sep 2026U.S.$2 
6.57%(C)Dec 2026U.S.$8 16 
2.91%(C)Mar 2027CDN$3 — 
12.77%(C)Jan 2031CDN$3 
1.93%(C)Feb 2041U.S.$4 
Commercial PaperU.S.$1,165 1,586 
Short-term BorrowingU.S.$ 288 
23,244 22,663 
Perpetual 4% Consolidated Debenture Stock
(D)U.S.$41 44 
Perpetual 4% Consolidated Debenture Stock
(D)£6 
23,291 22,713 
Unamortized fees on long-term debt(103)(90)
23,188 22,623 
Less: Long-term debt maturing within one year3,240 2,819 
Total long-term debt$19,948 $19,804 

As at December 31, 2025, the gross amount of U.S. dollar-denominated debt was U.S. $14,691 million (December 31, 2024 - U.S. $14,598 million).

Annual maturities and principal repayment requirements, excluding those pertaining to finance leases, for each of the five years following 2025 are (in millions): 2026 - $3,228; 2027 - $7; 2028 - $1,893; 2029 - $990; 2030 - $1,514; thereafter - $16,189.

Fees on long-term debt are amortized to income over the term of the related debt.

A. These debentures and notes are presented net of unamortized discounts, require interest payments semi-annually, and are unsecured but carry a negative pledge.

In 2025, the Company issued U.S. $600 million 4.80% 5-year unsecured Notes due March 30, 2030 for net proceeds of U.S. $596 million ($857 million), $500 million 4.00% 7-year unsecured Notes due June 13, 2032 for net proceeds of $498 million, U.S. $600 million 5.20% 10-year unsecured Notes due March 30, 2035 for net proceeds of U.S. $593 million ($853 million), $600 million 4.40% 10.5-year unsecured Notes due January 13, 2036 for net proceeds of $598 million, and $300 million 4.80% 30-year unsecured Notes due June 13, 2055 for net proceeds of $296 million.

In 2025, the Company repaid, at maturity, the remaining balance of U.S. $642 million ($930 million) on its 2.90% 10-year Notes.
In 2024, the Company repaid, at maturity, the remaining balance of U.S. $1,429 million ($2,002 million) on its 1.35% 3-year Notes. The Company also repurchased, on the open market, certain Senior Notes with principal values of U.S. $176 million ($241 million). These repurchases were accounted for as debt extinguishments, with gains of $22 million recognized in “Other (income) expense” on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.

In 2024, the Company repaid, at maturity, U.S. $48 million ($66 million) 5.41% Senior Secured Notes collateralized by specific locomotives. The Company also repaid $21 million 6.91% Secured Equipment Notes which were full recourse obligations of the Company collateralized by a first charge on specific locomotives.

B. The following loans were made under the Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing ("RRIF") Program administered by the Federal Railroad Administration:

The Kansas City Southern Railway Company ("KCSR") RRIF Loan Agreement was entered into on February 21, 2012 to borrow U.S. $55 million to be used to reimburse KCSR for a portion of the purchase price of 30 new locomotives (the "Locomotives") in the fourth quarter of 2011. The loan bears interest at 2.96% annually and the principal balance amortizes quarterly with a final maturity of February 24, 2037. This loan is secured by a first priority security interest in the Locomotives with a carrying value of $96 million as at December 31, 2025.

The Texas Mexican Railway Company ("Tex-Mex") RRIF Loan Agreement was entered into on June 28, 2005 to borrow U.S. $50 million to be used for infrastructure improvements in order to accommodate growing freight rail traffic. The loan bears interest at 4.29% annually and the principal balance amortizes quarterly with a final maturity of July 13, 2030. The loan is guaranteed by Mexrail Inc. ("Mexrail"), which has issued a pledge agreement in favour of the lender equal to the gross revenues earned by Mexrail on per-car fees on traffic crossing the Texas Mexican Railway International Bridge in Laredo, Texas. The Company wholly owns Mexrail which, in turn, wholly owns Tex-Mex.

C. The carrying value of the assets collateralizing the Company's finance lease obligations was $100 million at December 31, 2025.

D. The Consolidated Debenture Stock, authorized by an Act of Parliament of 1889, constitutes a first charge upon and over the whole of the undertaking, railways, works, rolling stock, plant, property and effects of the Company, with certain exceptions.

Credit facilities
The Company has a revolving credit facility (the "facility") agreement with 15 highly rated financial institutions for a commitment amount of U.S. $2.2 billion. The facility can accommodate draws of cash and/or letters of credit at market competitive pricing. Effective August 20, 2025, the Company entered into a facility agreement to extend the maturity dates of its five-year U.S. $1.1 billion facility and two-year U.S. $1.1 billion facility to June 25, 2030 and June 25, 2027, respectively. As at December 31, 2025 the five-year U.S. $1.1 billion facility was undrawn (December 31, 2024 - undrawn) and the two-year U.S. $1.1 billion facility was undrawn (December 31, 2024 - U.S. $200 million ($288 million)). The interest rate on borrowings outstanding as at December 31, 2024 was 5.57%. These borrowings were included in "Long-term debt maturing within one year" on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. As at December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company was in compliance with all terms and conditions of the credit facility arrangements and satisfied the financial covenant.

In 2025, the Company entered into, and fully repaid, a U.S. $500 million unsecured non-revolving term credit facility (the "term facility"). The Company presents draws and repayments on its term facility in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows on a net basis.

The Company also has a commercial paper program, under which it may issue up to a maximum aggregate principal amount of U.S. $1.5 billion in the form of unsecured promissory notes. This commercial paper program is backed by the U.S. $2.2 billion revolving credit facility. As at December 31, 2025, the Company had total commercial paper borrowings outstanding of U.S. $850 million ($1,165 million), recognized in "Long-term debt maturing within one year" on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets (December 31, 2024 - U.S. $1,102 million ($1,586 million)). The weighted-average interest rate on these borrowings as at December 31, 2025 was 4.02% (December 31, 2024 - 4.75%). The Company presents issuances and repayments of commercial paper, all of which have a maturity of less than 90 days, in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, on a net basis.

The Company has bilateral letter of credit facilities with six highly rated financial institutions to support its requirement to post letters of credit in the ordinary course of business. Under these agreements, the Company has the option to post collateral in the form of cash or cash equivalents, equal at least to the face value of the letter of credit issued. These agreements permit the Company to withdraw amounts posted as collateral at any time; therefore, the amounts posted as collateral are presented as "Cash and cash equivalents" on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. As at December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not have any collateral posted on its bilateral letter of credit facilities but had letters of credit drawn of $79 million (December 31, 2024 - $95 million) from a total available amount of $300 million.
Satisfaction and discharge of KCS 2023 Notes
On April 24, 2023, the Company irrevocably deposited U.S. $647 million of non-callable government securities with the trustee of two series of notes that matured in 2023 (the "KCS 2023 Notes"), to satisfy and discharge KCS's obligations under the KCS 2023 Notes. On May 15, 2023 and November 15, 2023, the U.S. $439 million 3.00% senior notes and U.S. $199 million 3.85% senior notes, respectively, that comprise the KCS 2023 Notes were repaid by release of funds from the trustee. The purchase of government securities of U.S. $198 million ($267 million) associated with the November maturity, along with the settlement of these government securities for U.S. $200 million ($274 million) are presented within investing activities in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
v3.25.4
Financial instruments
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Financial instruments Financial instruments
A.  Fair values of financial instruments
The Company categorizes its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy that prioritizes those inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value based on the degree to which they are observable. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows: Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities; Level 2 inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly; and Level 3 inputs are not observable in the market.

The Company’s short-term financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and short-term borrowings including commercial paper and term loans. The carrying value of short-term financial instruments approximate their fair values.

The carrying value of the Company’s debt does not approximate its fair value. The estimated fair value has been determined based on market information where available, or by discounting future payments of principal and interest at estimated interest rates expected to be available to the Company at period end. All measurements are classified as Level 2. The Company’s long-term debt, including current maturities, with a carrying value of $22,023 million as at December 31, 2025 (December 31, 2024 - $20,749 million), had a fair value of $20,740 million (December 31, 2024 - $18,911 million).

B.  Financial risk management
Derivative financial instruments
Derivative financial instruments may be used to selectively reduce volatility associated with fluctuations in interest rates, FX rates, the price of fuel, and stock-based compensation expense. Where derivatives are designated as hedging instruments, the relationship between the hedging instruments and their associated hedged items is documented, as well as the risk management objective and strategy for the use of the hedging instruments. This documentation includes linking the derivatives that are designated as fair value or cash flow hedges to specific assets, liabilities, commitments, or forecasted transactions. At the time a derivative contract is entered into and at each balance sheet date thereafter, an assessment is made as to whether the derivative item is effective in offsetting the changes in fair value or cash flows of the hedged items. The derivative qualifies for hedge accounting treatment if it is effective in substantially mitigating the risk it was designed to address.

The Company does not use financial derivatives or commodity instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Credit risk management
Credit risk refers to the possibility that a customer or counterparty will fail to fulfil its obligations under a contract and as a result create a financial loss for the Company.

The railway industry predominantly serves financially established customers, and the Company has experienced limited financial losses with respect to credit risk. The credit worthiness of customers is assessed using credit scores supplied by a third party and through direct monitoring of their financial well-being on a continual basis. The Company establishes guidelines for customer credit limits and should thresholds in these areas be reached, appropriate precautions are taken to improve collectability.

Counterparties to financial instruments expose the Company to credit losses in the event of non-performance. Counterparties for derivative and cash transactions are limited to high credit quality financial institutions, which are monitored on an ongoing basis. Counterparty credit assessments are based on the financial health of the institutions and their credit ratings from external agencies. The Company does not anticipate non-performance that would materially impact the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. In addition, the Company believes there are no significant concentrations of credit risk.
FX management
The Company conducts business transactions and owns assets in Canada, the U.S., and Mexico. As a result, the Company is exposed to fluctuations in the value of financial commitments, assets, liabilities, income, or cash flows due to changes in FX rates. The Company may enter into FX risk management transactions primarily to manage fluctuations in the exchange rate between Canadian and U.S. currencies, and between the Mexican peso and U.S. dollar as discussed below in "Mexican Peso-U.S. dollar FX forward contracts". FX exposure is primarily mitigated through natural offsets created by revenues, expenditures, and balance sheet positions incurred in the same currency. Where appropriate, the Company may negotiate with customers and suppliers to reduce the net exposure.

Net investment hedge
The majority of the Company’s U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt, finance lease obligations, short-term borrowings, and operating lease liabilities have been designated as a hedge of the Company's net investment in foreign subsidiaries. This designation has the effect of mitigating volatility on Net income by offsetting long-term FX gains and losses on U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt and gains and losses on its net investment. The effect of the Company's net investment hedge recognized in "Other comprehensive (loss) income" in 2025 was an FX gain of $293 million (2024 - FX loss of $380 million; 2023 - FX gain of $194 million) (see Note 9).

Mexican Peso-U.S. dollar FX Forward contracts
The Company’s Mexican subsidiaries have net U.S. dollar-denominated monetary assets or liabilities which, for Mexican income tax purposes, are subject to periodic revaluation based on changes in the value of the Mexican peso ("Ps.") against the U.S. dollar. This revaluation creates fluctuations in the Company’s Mexican income tax expense and the amount of income taxes paid in Mexican pesos. The Company also has net monetary assets or liabilities denominated in Mexican pesos that are subject to periodic re-measurement and settlement that create fluctuations within "Other (income) expense". Until January 2024, the Company hedged its net exposure to fluctuations in the Ps./U.S. dollar exchange rate with foreign currency forward contracts. The foreign currency forward contracts involved the Company’s agreement to buy or sell pesos at an agreed-upon exchange rate on a future date.

As of January 12, 2024, the Company settled all outstanding foreign currency forward contracts, resulting in a cash outflow of $65 million included in "Operating activities" within the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. As at December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had no foreign currency forward contracts outstanding.

The Company measures the foreign currency derivative contracts at fair value each period and recognizes any change in "Other (income) expense" within the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. During the year ended December 31, 2025, no amounts were recognized in "Other (income) expense" (2024 - loss of $4 million; 2023 - loss of $39 million).

Offsetting
The Company’s foreign currency forward contracts were executed with counterparties in the U.S. and were governed by International Swaps and Derivatives Association agreements that included standard netting arrangements. Asset and liability positions from contracts with the same counterparty were net settled upon maturity/expiration and presented on a net basis in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets prior to settlement.

Interest rate management
The Company is exposed to interest rate risk, which is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will vary as a result of changes in market interest rates. In order to manage funding needs or capital structure goals, the Company enters into debt or finance lease agreements that are subject to either fixed market interest rates set at the time of issue or floating rates determined by ongoing market conditions. Debt subject to variable interest rates exposes the Company to variability in interest expense, while debt subject to fixed interest rates exposes the Company to variability in the fair value of debt.

To manage interest rate exposure, the Company accesses diverse sources of financing and manages borrowings in line with a targeted range of capital structure, debt ratings, liquidity needs, maturity schedule, and currency and interest rate profiles. In anticipation of future debt issuances, the Company may enter into forward rate agreements that are designated as cash flow hedges, to substantially lock in all or a portion of the effective future interest expense. The Company may also enter into swap and lock agreements, designated as fair value hedges, to manage the mix of fixed and floating rate debt.
Designated hedges that were previously settled were amortized from AOCI to "Net interest expense" for a total net gain of $1 million in the year ended December 31, 2025 (2024 - net loss $6 million; 2023 - net loss $7 million).
v3.25.4
Other long-term liabilities
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Other long-term liabilities Other long-term liabilities
As at December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars)20252024
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion (Note 20)
$299 $254 
Provision for environmental remediation, net of current portion(1)
218 231 
Stock-based compensation liabilities, net of current portion118 177 
Deferred lease and license revenue, net of current portion(2)
50 67 
Deferred revenue, net of current portion
22 20 
Other, net of current portion108 118 
Total other long-term liabilities$815 $867 
(1)    As at December 31, 2025, the aggregate provision for environmental remediation, including the current portion was $241 million (2024 - $257 million).
(2)    The deferred lease and license revenue is being amortized to income on a straight-line basis over the related lease terms.

Provision for environmental remediation
Environmental remediation accruals cover site-specific remediation programs. The estimate of the probable costs to be incurred in the remediation of properties contaminated by past activities reflects the nature of contamination at individual sites according to typical activities and scale of operations conducted. The Company has developed remediation strategies for each property based on the nature and extent of the contamination, as well as the location of the property and surrounding areas that may be adversely affected by the presence of contaminants, considering available technologies, treatment and disposal facilities and the acceptability of site-specific plans based on the local regulatory environment. Site-specific plans range from containment and risk management of the contaminants through to the removal and treatment of the contaminants and affected soils and groundwater. The details of the estimates reflect the environmental liability at each property. Provisions for environmental remediation costs are recognized in "Other long-term liabilities", except for the current portion which is recognized in "Accounts payable and accrued liabilities". Payments are expected to be made over 10 years to 2035.
The accruals for environmental remediation represent the Company’s best estimate of its probable future obligation and include both asserted and unasserted claims, without reduction for anticipated recoveries from third parties. Although the recorded accruals include the Company’s best estimate of all probable costs, the Company’s total environmental remediation costs cannot be predicted with certainty. Accruals for environmental remediation may change from time to time as new information about previously untested sites becomes known, environmental laws and regulations evolve and advances are made in environmental remediation technology. The accruals may also vary as the courts decide legal proceedings against outside parties responsible for contamination. These potential charges, which cannot be quantified at this time, may materially affect income in the particular period in which a charge is recognized. Costs related to existing, but as yet unknown, or future contamination will be accrued in the period in which they become probable and reasonably estimable. Changes to costs are reflected as changes to "Other long-term liabilities" or "Accounts payable and accrued liabilities" and to "Purchased services and other" within operating expenses on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. As a result of the acquisition of KCS and subsequent changes during the measurement period, changes to costs were reflected as changes to "Goodwill" on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets (see Note 11). The amount charged to income in 2025 was $9 million (2024 - $8 million; 2023 - $8 million)
v3.25.4
Leases
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Leases [Abstract]  
Leases Leases
The Company’s leases have remaining terms of less than one year to 15 years. Residual value guarantees are also provided on certain vehicle operating leases. Cumulatively, these guarantees are minimal and are not included in lease liabilities as it is not currently probable that any amounts will be owed.

Components of lease expense recognized in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31 are as follows:

(in millions of Canadian dollars)202520242023
Operating lease cost$115 $111 $94 
Short-term lease cost19 19 29 
Variable lease cost5 16 10 
Sublease income(1)(2)(1)
Finance lease cost
Amortization of ROU assets14 11 10 
Interest on lease liabilities1 
Total lease costs$153 $157 $144 

ROU Assets and Lease Liabilities recognized in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows:

As at December 31
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
Classification20252024
 ROU Assets
Operating leasesOther assets (long-term)$422 $364 
Finance leasesProperties100 102 
Lease Liabilities
Current liabilities
Operating leasesAccounts payable and accrued liabilities111 112 
Finance leasesLong-term debt maturing within one year17 14 
Long-term liabilities
Operating leasesOther long-term liabilities299 254 
Finance leasesLong-term debt 10 21 

The following table provides the Company's weighted-average remaining lease terms and discount rates:

20252024
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases5 years4 years
Finance leases4 years4 years
Weighted-Average Discount Rate
Operating leases3.41 %3.61 %
Finance leases5.30 %5.39 %
Cash Flow information related to leases is as follows:

As at December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars)202520242023
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash outflows from operating leases$127 $114 $96 
Operating cash outflows from finance leases1 
Financing cash outflows from finance leases11 13 13 
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities
Operating leases$191 $105 $62 

The following table provides the maturities of lease liabilities for the next five years and thereafter as at December 31, 2025:

(in millions of Canadian dollars)Finance leasesOperating leases
2026$18 $143 
2027111 
202883 
202954 
203039 
Thereafter58 
Total lease future payments30 488 
Imputed interest(3)(78)
Present value of future lease payments$27 $410 
Leases Leases
The Company’s leases have remaining terms of less than one year to 15 years. Residual value guarantees are also provided on certain vehicle operating leases. Cumulatively, these guarantees are minimal and are not included in lease liabilities as it is not currently probable that any amounts will be owed.

Components of lease expense recognized in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31 are as follows:

(in millions of Canadian dollars)202520242023
Operating lease cost$115 $111 $94 
Short-term lease cost19 19 29 
Variable lease cost5 16 10 
Sublease income(1)(2)(1)
Finance lease cost
Amortization of ROU assets14 11 10 
Interest on lease liabilities1 
Total lease costs$153 $157 $144 

ROU Assets and Lease Liabilities recognized in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows:

As at December 31
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
Classification20252024
 ROU Assets
Operating leasesOther assets (long-term)$422 $364 
Finance leasesProperties100 102 
Lease Liabilities
Current liabilities
Operating leasesAccounts payable and accrued liabilities111 112 
Finance leasesLong-term debt maturing within one year17 14 
Long-term liabilities
Operating leasesOther long-term liabilities299 254 
Finance leasesLong-term debt 10 21 

The following table provides the Company's weighted-average remaining lease terms and discount rates:

20252024
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases5 years4 years
Finance leases4 years4 years
Weighted-Average Discount Rate
Operating leases3.41 %3.61 %
Finance leases5.30 %5.39 %
Cash Flow information related to leases is as follows:

As at December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars)202520242023
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash outflows from operating leases$127 $114 $96 
Operating cash outflows from finance leases1 
Financing cash outflows from finance leases11 13 13 
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities
Operating leases$191 $105 $62 

The following table provides the maturities of lease liabilities for the next five years and thereafter as at December 31, 2025:

(in millions of Canadian dollars)Finance leasesOperating leases
2026$18 $143 
2027111 
202883 
202954 
203039 
Thereafter58 
Total lease future payments30 488 
Imputed interest(3)(78)
Present value of future lease payments$27 $410 
v3.25.4
Shareholders' equity
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Equity [Abstract]  
Shareholders' equity Shareholders’ equity
Authorized and issued share capital
The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of Common Shares, an unlimited number of First Preferred Shares, and an unlimited number of Second Preferred Shares. As at December 31, 2025, no First or Second Preferred Shares had been issued.

The following table summarizes information related to Common Share balances:

(number of Shares in millions)202520242023
Share capital, January 1933.5 932.1 930.5 
Common Shares repurchased(37.3)— — 
Common Shares issued under stock option plans1.4 1.4 1.6 
Share capital, December 31897.6 933.5 932.1 

The change in the "Share capital" balance includes $17 million of stock-based compensation transferred from "Additional paid-in capital" (2024 - $18 million; 2023 - $17 million).

Share repurchases
On February 27, 2025, the Company announced a normal course issuer bid ("NCIB"), commencing March 3, 2025, to purchase up to 37.3 million Common Shares in the open market for cancellation on or before March 2, 2026. By October 29, 2025, the Company had purchased and cancelled all 37.3 million Common Shares authorized to be purchased under the NCIB. All purchases were made in accordance with the respective NCIB at prevailing market prices plus brokerage fees, with consideration allocated to "Share capital" up to the average carrying amount of the Shares and any excess allocated to "Retained earnings".
In accordance with Canadian tax legislation, the Company has accrued for a 2% tax on the fair market value of Shares repurchased (net of qualifying issuances of equity) as a direct cost of Common Share repurchases recognized in Shareholders’ equity. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, the Company has accrued a liability of $77 million, for the tax due on the net Share repurchases made, payable within the first quarter of the following year.

The following table provides activities under the share repurchase program:

2025
Number of Common Shares repurchased37,348,539 
Weighted-average price per share(1)
$107.61 
Amount of repurchase (in millions of Canadian dollars)(1)
$4,019 
(1)    Includes brokerage fees and applicable tax on share repurchases.

On January 28, 2026, the Company announced that the Toronto Stock Exchange ("TSX") has accepted its notice to implement a new NCIB, commencing February 2, 2026, to purchase up to approximately 44.9 million Common Shares for cancellation on or before February 1, 2027.
v3.25.4
Change in non-cash working capital balances related to operations
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract]  
Change in non-cash working capital balances related to operations Change in non-cash working capital balances related to operations
For the year ended December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars)202520242023
Source (use) of cash:
Accounts receivable, net$32 $(133)$(317)
Materials and supplies(53)(36)
Other current assets96 (9)(49)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(271)202 57 
Change in non-cash working capital balances related to operations$(196)$24 $(308)
v3.25.4
Pensions and other benefits
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Pensions and other benefits Pensions and other benefits
The Company has both defined benefit ("DB") and defined contribution ("DC") pension plans. As at December 31, 2025, the Canadian pension plans represent nearly all of total combined pension plan assets and nearly all of total combined pension plan obligations.

The DB plans provide for pensions based principally on years of service and compensation rates near retirement. Pensions for Canadian pensioners are partially indexed to inflation. Annual employer contributions to the DB plans, which are actuarially determined, are made on the basis of being not less than the minimum amounts required by federal pension supervisory authorities.

The Company has other benefit plans including post-retirement health benefits and life insurance, post-employment long-term disability and workers’ compensation benefits based on Company-specific claims, and certain other non-pension post-employment benefits. As at December 31, 2025, the Canadian other benefits plans represent nearly all of total combined other plan obligations.

The most recent actuarial valuation for pension funding purposes for the Company’s main Canadian pension plan was performed as at January 1, 2025. During 2026, the Company expects to file with the pension regulator a new valuation performed as at January 1, 2026. In aggregate, the Company estimates that it will make contributions in 2026 of $13 million to the DB pension plans and of $39 million to the other benefit plans.

The Audit and Finance Committee of the Board of Directors has approved an investment policy that establishes long-term asset mix targets, which take into account the Company’s expected risk tolerances. Pension plan assets are managed by a suite of independent investment managers, with the allocation by manager reflecting these asset mix targets. Most of the assets are actively managed with the objective of outperforming applicable benchmarks. In accordance with the investment policy, derivative instruments may be used by investment managers to hedge or adjust existing or anticipated exposures.

To develop the expected long-term rate of return assumption used in the calculation of net periodic benefit cost applicable to the market-related value of plan assets, the Company considers the expected composition of the plans’ assets, past experience, and future estimates of long-term investment returns.
Future estimates of investment returns reflect the long-term return expectation for fixed income, public equity, real estate, infrastructure, private debt, and absolute return investments, and the expected added value (relative to applicable benchmark indices) from active management of pension plan assets.

The Company has elected to use a market-related value of assets for the purpose of calculating net periodic benefit cost, developed from a five-year average of market values for the plans’ public equity and absolute return investments (with each prior year’s market value adjusted to the current date for assumed investment income during the intervening period) plus the market value of the plans’ fixed income, real estate, infrastructure, and private debt securities.

The benefit obligation is discounted using a discount rate that is a blended yield to maturity for a hypothetical portfolio of high-quality debt instruments with cash flows matching projected benefit payments. The discount rate is determined by management.

In 2025, the Company amended the Canadian DB pension plans to offer a temporary, voluntary early retirement program. Eligible employees were invited to apply to the program by December 15, 2025, and participants were confirmed by December 31, 2025. The cost of enhanced pension and other benefits resulting from the program is recognized as special termination benefits in 2025.

Net periodic benefit (recovery) cost
The elements of net periodic benefit (recovery) cost for DB pension plans and other benefits recognized in the year include the following components:

 PensionsOther benefitsTotal
For the year ended December 31
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
202520242023202520242023202520242023
Current service cost$85 $84 $71 $13 $13 $10 $98 $97 $81 
Other components of net periodic benefit (recovery) cost:
Interest cost on benefit obligation466 468 486 22 23 22 488 491 508 
Expected return on plan assets(926)(891)(882) — — (926)(891)(882)
Recognized net actuarial loss7 40 32 2 13 9 41 45 
Amortization of prior service costs5  — — 5 
Effects of special termination benefits9 — —  — — 9 — — 
Total other components of net periodic benefit (recovery) cost(439)(376)(362)24 24 35 (415)(352)(327)
Net periodic benefit (recovery) cost$(354)$(292)$(291)$37 $37 $45 $(317)$(255)$(246)
Projected benefit obligation, plan assets, and funded status
Information about the Company’s DB pension plans and other benefits, in aggregate, is as follows:

 PensionsOther benefitsTotal
(in millions of Canadian dollars)202520242025202420252024
Change in projected benefit obligation:
Projected benefit obligation as at January 1$10,166 $10,306 $439 $463 $10,605 $10,769 
Current service cost85 84 13 13 98 97 
Interest cost466 468 22 23 488 491 
Employee contributions51 50  — 51 50 
Benefits paid(663)(659)(36)(36)(699)(695)
Foreign currency changes(8)15 1 (1)(7)14 
Release due to settlement — (2)— (2)— 
Effects of special termination benefits9 —  — 9 — 
Plan amendments and other 18  —  18 
Net actuarial gain(286)(116) (23)(286)(139)
Projected benefit obligation as at December 31$9,820 $10,166 $437 $439 $10,257 $10,605 

The net actuarial gains for Pensions and Other benefits in 2025 were primarily due to the increase in the discount rate from 4.68% to 4.94%. The net actuarial gains for Pensions and Other benefits in 2024 were primarily due to demographic experience and the increase in the discount rate from 4.64% to 4.68%.

 PensionsOther benefitsTotal
(in millions of Canadian dollars)202520242025202420252024
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets as at January 1$14,592 $13,472 $6 $$14,598 $13,478 
Actual return on plan assets809 1,701  809 1,702 
Employer contributions13 13 38 35 51 48 
Employee contributions51 50  — 51 50 
Benefits paid(663)(659)(36)(36)(699)(695)
Foreign currency changes(8)15  — (8)15 
Release due to settlement — (2)— (2)— 
Fair value of plan assets as at December 31$14,794 $14,592 $6 $$14,800 $14,598 
Funded status - plan surplus (deficit)$4,974 $4,426 $(431)$(433)$4,543 $3,993 
The table below shows the aggregate pension projected benefit obligation and aggregate fair value of plan assets for pension plans with fair value of plan assets in excess of projected benefit obligations (i.e. surplus), and for pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of fair value of plan assets (i.e. deficit):

 20252024
(in millions of Canadian dollars)Pension plans 
in surplus
Pension plans 
in deficit
Pension plans
in surplus
Pension plans
in deficit
Projected benefit obligation as at December 31$(9,549)$(271)$(9,725)$(441)
Fair value of plan assets as at December 3114,678 116 14,311 281 
Funded status$5,129 $(155)$4,586 $(160)

The DB pension plans’ accumulated benefit obligation as at December 31, 2025 was $9,679 million (2024 - $10,006 million). The accumulated benefit obligation is calculated on a basis similar to the projected benefit obligation, except no future salary increases are assumed in the projection of future benefits. For pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of fair value of plan assets (i.e. deficit), the aggregate pension accumulated benefit obligation as at December 31, 2025 was $162 million (2024 - $159 million) and the aggregate fair value of plan assets as at December 31, 2025 was $20 million (2024 - $21 million).

All Other benefits plans were in a deficit position as at December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Pension asset and liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets
Amounts recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows:

 PensionsOther benefitsTotal
As at December 31
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
202520242025202420252024
Pension asset$5,129 $4,586 $ $— $5,129 $4,586 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(11)(10)(38)(35)(49)(45)
Pension and other benefit liabilities(144)(150)(393)(398)(537)(548)
Total amount recognized$4,974 $4,426 $(431)$(433)$4,543 $3,993 

The measurement date used to determine the plan assets and the benefit obligation is December 31.

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Amounts recognized in AOCI are as follows:

 PensionsOther benefitsTotal
As at December 31
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
202520242025202420252024
Net actuarial (loss) gain:
Other than deferred investment (losses) gains$(1,383)$(1,501)$54 $52 $(1,329)$(1,449)
Deferred investment gains464 405  — 464 405 
Prior service cost(53)(58) (1)(53)(59)
Deferred income tax expense (recovery)329 377 (13)(12)316 365 
Total (Note 9)
$(643)$(777)$41 $39 $(602)$(738)
Actuarial assumptions
Weighted-average actuarial assumptions used were approximately:

(percentages)202520242023
Benefit obligation as at December 31:
Discount rate4.94 4.68 4.64 
Projected future salary increases2.75 2.75 2.75 
Health care cost trend rate5.00 5.00 5.00 
Benefit cost for year ended December 31:
Discount rate4.68 4.64 5.01 
Expected rate of return on plan assets(1)
6.70 6.70 6.90 
Projected future salary increases2.75 2.75 2.75 
Health care cost trend rate5.00 5.00 5.00 
(1)    The expected rate of return on plan assets that will be used to compute the 2026 net periodic benefit recovery is 6.70%.

Plan assets
Plan assets are recorded at fair value. The major asset categories are public equity securities, fixed income securities, real estate, infrastructure, absolute return investments, and private debt. The fair values of the public equity and fixed income securities are primarily based on quoted market prices. Real estate and infrastructure values are based on the value of each fund’s assets as calculated by the fund manager, generally using third party appraisals or discounted cash flow analysis and taking into account current market conditions and recent sales transactions where practical and appropriate. Private debt values are based on the value of each fund’s assets as calculated by the fund manager taking into account current market conditions and reviewed annually by external parties. Absolute return investments are a portfolio of units of externally managed hedge funds and are valued by the fund administrators.

The Company’s pension plan asset allocation, the weighted-average asset allocation targets, and the weighted-average policy range for each major asset class at year-end were as follows:

 Percentage of plan assets
 as at December 31
Asset allocation (percentages)Asset allocation targetPolicy range20252024
Cash and cash equivalents2.6 
0 - 10
2.1 2.2 
Fixed income38.3 
26 - 43
36.2 36.0 
Public equity29.6 
25 - 40
31.2 30.7 
Real estate and infrastructure14.7 
6 - 20
12.1 11.7 
Private debt7.4 
3 - 13
7.5 7.9 
Absolute return7.4 
3 - 13
10.9 11.5 
Total100.0 100.0 100.0 

All asset allocations are within their policy ranges as at December 31, 2025.
Summary of the assets of the Company’s DB pension plans
The following is a summary of the assets of the Company’s DB pension plans as at December 31, 2025 and 2024. As at December 31, 2025 and 2024, there were no plan assets classified as Level 3 valued investments.

Assets Measured at Fair Value
Investments
measured at NAV(1)
Total Plan
Assets
(in millions of Canadian dollars)Quoted prices in
active markets
for identical assets (Level 1)
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)
December 31, 2025
Cash and cash equivalents$316 $ $ $316 
Fixed income
Government bonds(2)
207 2,445  2,652 
Corporate bonds(2)
811 1,292  2,103 
Mortgages(3)
203   203 
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities(4)
 402  402 
Public equities
Canada490   490 
U.S. and international4,127   4,127 
Real estate(5)
  507 507 
Infrastructure(6)
  1,276 1,276 
Private debt(7)
  1,110 1,110 
Derivative instruments(8)
 (8) (8)
Absolute return(9)
Funds of hedge funds  1,616 1,616 
$6,154 $4,131 $4,509 $14,794 
December 31, 2024
Cash and cash equivalents$324 $— $— $324 
Fixed income
Government bonds(2)
192 2,541 — 2,733 
Corporate bonds(2)
690 1,291 — 1,981 
Mortgages(3)
194 — — 194 
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities(4)
— 356 — 356 
Public equities
Canada482 — — 482 
U.S. and international3,997 — — 3,997 
Real estate(5)
— — 521 521 
Infrastructure(6)
— — 1,194 1,194 
Private debt(7)
— — 1,146 1,146 
Derivative instruments(8)
— (9)— (9)
Absolute return(9)
Funds of hedge funds— — 1,673 1,673 
$5,879 $4,179 $4,534 $14,592 
(1)    Investments measured at net asset value ("NAV"):
Amounts are comprised of certain investments measured using NAV (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient. These investments have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
(2)    Government & Corporate Bonds:
Fair values for bonds are based on market prices supplied by independent sources as of the last trading day.
(3)    Mortgages:
The fair values of mortgages are based on current market yields of financial instruments of similar maturity, coupon and risk factors.
(4)    Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities:
The fair values of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities are determined based on valuations from pricing sources that incorporate broker-dealer quotations, reported trades or valuation estimates from their internal pricing models which consider tranche-level attributes, current market data, estimated cash flows, and market-based yield spreads and incorporate deal collateral performance, as available.
(5)    Real estate:
Real estate fund values are based on the NAV of the funds that invest directly in real estate investments. The values of the investments have been estimated using the capital accounts representing the plans' ownership interest in the funds. Of the total, $407 million is subject to redemption frequencies ranging from monthly to annually and a redemption notice period of 90 days (2024 - $435 million). The remaining $100 million is not subject to redemption and is normally returned through distributions as a result of the liquidation of the underlying real estate investments (2024 - $86 million). As at December 31, 2025, there are $262 million of unfunded commitments for real estate investments (December 31, 2024 - $309 million).
(6)    Infrastructure:
Infrastructure fund values are based on the NAV of the funds that invest directly in infrastructure investments. The values of the investments have been estimated using the capital accounts representing the plans' ownership interest in the funds. Of the total, $644 million is subject to redemption frequencies ranging from monthly to annually and a redemption notice period of 90 days (2024 - $606 million). The remaining $632 million is not subject to redemption and is normally returned through distributions as a result of the liquidation of the underlying infrastructure investments (2024 - $588 million). As at December 31, 2025, there are $248 million of unfunded commitments for infrastructure investments (December 31, 2024 - $205 million).
(7)    Private debt:
Private debt fund values are based on the NAV of the funds that invest directly in private debt investments. The values of the investments have been estimated using the capital accounts representing the plans' ownership interest in the funds. Of the total, $61 million is subject to redemption frequencies ranging from monthly to annually and a redemption notice period of 90 days (2024 - $115 million). The remaining $1,049 million is not subject to redemption and is normally returned through distributions as a result of the repayment of the underlying loans (2024 - $1,031 million). As at December 31, 2025, there are $598 million of unfunded commitments for private debt investments (December 31, 2024 - $764 million).
(8)    Derivative Instruments:
The investment managers may utilize the following derivative instruments: equity futures to replicate equity index returns (Level 2); currency forwards to partially hedge foreign currency exposures (Level 2); bond futures and forwards to manage duration and interest rate risk (Level 2); interest rate swaps to manage duration and interest rate risk (Level 2); credit default swaps to manage credit risk (Level 2); and options to manage interest rate risk and volatility (Level 2). The Company may utilize derivatives directly, but only for the purpose of hedging foreign currency exposures. One of the fixed income investment managers utilizes a portfolio of bond forwards for the purpose of reducing asset/liability interest rate exposure. As at December 31, 2025, there are bond forwards with a notional value of $420 million (December 31, 2024 - $555 million) and a fair value of $(14) million (December 31, 2024 - $2 million).
(9)    Absolute return:
The value of absolute return fund investments is based on the NAV reported by the fund administrators. The funds have different redemption policies with redemption notice periods varying from 30 to 120 days and frequencies ranging from monthly to triennially.

Additional plan assets information
The Company's primary investment objective for pension plan assets is to achieve a long-term return, net of all fees and expenses, that is sufficient for the plan's assets to satisfy the current and future obligations to plan beneficiaries, while minimizing the financial impact on the Company. In identifying the asset allocation ranges, consideration was given to the long-term nature of the underlying plan liabilities, the solvency and going-concern financial position of the plan, long-term return expectations, and the risks associated with key asset classes as well as the relationships of returns on key asset classes with each other, inflation, and interest rates. When advantageous and with due consideration, derivative instruments may be utilized by investment managers, provided the total value of the underlying assets represented by financial derivatives (excluding currency forwards, liability hedging derivatives in fixed income portfolios, and derivatives held by absolute return funds) is limited to 30% of the market value of the fund.

The funded status of the plans is exposed to fluctuations in interest rates, which affects the relative values of the plans' liabilities and assets. In order to mitigate interest rate risk, the Company's main Canadian DB pension plan utilizes a liability driven investment strategy in its fixed income portfolio, which uses a combination of long duration bonds and derivatives to hedge interest rate risk, managed by the investment manager. As at December 31, 2025, the plan's solvency funded position was 53% hedged against interest rate risk (2024 - 51%).

When investing in foreign securities, the plans are exposed to foreign currency risk; the effect of which is included in the valuation of the foreign securities. As at December 31, 2025 and 2024, the plans were 39% exposed to the U.S. dollar, 7% exposed to the Euro, and 5% exposed to various other currencies.
As at December 31, 2025, plan assets included 440,925 of the Common Shares of the Company (2024 - 322,733) at a market value of $45 million (2024 - $34 million) and Fixed income securities of the Company at a market value of $5 million (2024 - $2 million).

Estimated future benefit payments
The estimated future DB pension and other benefit payments to be paid by the plans for each of the next five years and the subsequent five-year period are as follows:

(in millions of Canadian dollars)PensionsOther benefits
2026$679 $39 
2027672 33 
2028676 33 
2029666 32 
2030663 32 
2031-2035
3,279 159 

The benefit payments from the Canadian registered and U.S. qualified DB pension plans are payable from their respective pension funds. Benefit payments from the supplemental pension plans and from the other benefits plans are payable directly by the Company.

Defined contribution plan
The Canadian DC plan provides a pension benefit based on total employee and Company contributions plus investment income earned on those contributions. Canadian non-unionized employees hired after July 1, 2010 are generally required to participate. Employee and Company contributions are based on a percentage of earnings.

In 2025, the net cost of the Canadian DC plan, which generally equals the Company’s required contribution, was $12 million (2024 - $13 million; 2023 - $12 million). In 2026, the Company estimates that it will make contributions of $12 million to the Canadian DC plan.

Effective December 31, 2024, the U.S. DC plan was amalgamated into a Company-sponsored savings plan. The net cost of the U.S. DC plan, generally equal to the Company's required contribution, was $3 million in 2024 and $2 million in 2023.

Contributions to multi-employer plans
Some of the Company’s unionized employees in the U.S. are members of a U.S. national multi-employer benefit plan. Contributions made by the Company to this plan in 2025 in respect of post-retirement medical benefits were $2 million (2024 - $3 million; 2023 - $4 million).
v3.25.4
Stock-based compensation
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock-based compensation Stock-based compensation
At December 31, 2025, the Company had several stock-based compensation plans including a stock options plan, various cash-settled liability plans, and an employee share purchase plan. These plans resulted in an expense of $59 million in 2025 (2024 - $108 million; 2023 - $122 million) and the total tax benefit related to these plans was $14 million in 2025 (2024 - $26 million; 2023 - $27 million).

A. Stock options plan
The following table summarizes the activity related to the stock options during 2025:

Options outstandingNon-vested options
Number of
stock options
Weighted-average
exercise price
Number of
stock options
Weighted-average
grant date
fair value
Outstanding, January 1, 2025
5,734,600 $86.59 2,043,630 $27.68 
Granted967,335 $107.65 967,335 $28.81 
Exercised(1,395,289)$52.19 N/AN/A
VestedN/AN/A(879,620)$25.25 
Forfeited(33,387)$89.76 (33,387)$23.86 
Outstanding, December 31, 2025
5,273,259 $96.68 2,097,958 $29.32 
Vested or expected to vest at December 31, 2025(1)
5,228,360 $96.59 N/AN/A
Exercisable, December 31, 2025
3,175,301 $89.02 N/AN/A
(1)    As at December 31, 2025, the weighted-average remaining term of vested or expected to vest options was 3.5 years with an aggregate intrinsic value of $44 million.

The following table provides the number of stock options outstanding and exercisable as at December 31, 2025 by range of exercise price and their related intrinsic aggregate value, and for stock options outstanding, the weighted-average years to expiration. The table also provides the aggregate intrinsic value for in-the-money stock options, which represents the amount that would have been received by option holders had they exercised their options on December 31, 2025 at the Company’s closing stock price of $101.05.

Options outstandingOptions exercisable
Range of exercise pricesNumber of
stock options
Weighted-average
years to
expiration
Weighted-average
exercise
price
Aggregate
intrinsic
value
(millions)
Number of
stock options
Weighted-average
exercise
price
Aggregate
intrinsic
value
(millions)
$32.00 - $91.53
1,458,911 1.5$75.07 $38 1,371,745 $74.07 $37 
$91.54 - $99.01
1,336,707 2.5$96.20 $1,231,257 $96.07 $
$99.02 - $109.46
1,306,376 4.9$106.55 $— 379,836 $107.17 $— 
$109.47 - $115.47
1,171,265 5.4$113.14 $— 192,463 $114.67 $— 
Total(1)
5,273,259 3.5$96.68 $44 3,175,301 $89.02 $43 
(1)    As at December 31, 2025, the total number of in-the-money stock options outstanding was 2,800,002 with a weighted-average exercise price of $85.20. The weighted-average years to expiration of exercisable stock options is 2.0 years.
Pursuant to the plan, stock options may be exercised upon vesting, which is between 12 and 48 months after the grant date, and expire seven years from the grant date. The grant date fair value of the stock options granted in 2025 was $28 million (2024 - $27 million; 2023 - $26 million). The following table provides assumptions used to determine the fair values of stock option awards, and the weighted-average grant date fair values for units granted in 2025, 2024, and 2023:

202520242023
Expected option life (years)(1)
4.754.754.75
Risk-free interest rate(2)
3.62 %3.88 %3.35 %
Expected stock price volatility(3)
25.43 %28.38 %28.44 %
Expected annual dividend yield(4)
0.79 %0.67 %0.72 %
Expected forfeiture rate(5)
3.08 %3.12 %3.18 %
Weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during the year$28.81 $33.27 $29.79 
(1)    Represents the period of time that awards are expected to be outstanding. Historical data on exercise behaviour or, when available, specific expectations regarding future exercise behaviour were used to estimate the expected life of the option.
(2)    Based on the implied yield available on zero-coupon government issues with an equivalent term commensurate with the expected term of the option.
(3)    Based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock price over a period commensurate with the expected term of the option.
(4)    Determined by the calculated projected annual dividend yield based on the current annual dividend yield at the time of grant. The Company does not employ different dividend yields throughout the contractual term of the option.
(5)    The Company estimates forfeitures based on past experience. The rate is monitored on a periodic basis.

In 2025, the expense for stock options was $28 million (2024 - $24 million; 2023 - $25 million). At December 31, 2025, there was $9 million of total unrecognized compensation related to stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.1 years.

The total fair value of shares vested for the stock option plan during 2025 was $22 million (2024 - $20 million; 2023 - $18 million).

The following table provides information related to all stock options exercised in the plan during the years ended December 31:

(in millions of Canadian dollars)202520242023
Total intrinsic value$78 $92 $101 
Cash received by the Company upon exercise of options73 69 69 

B. Share unit plans
Performance share unit plan
During 2025, the Company issued 611,516 PSUs with a grant date fair value of $68 million and 24,149 PDSUs with a grant date fair value, including the fair value of expected future matching units, of $3 million. PSUs and PDSUs attract dividend equivalents in the form of additional units based on dividends paid on the Company's Common Shares, and vest three to four years after the grant date, contingent on the Company’s performance ("performance factor"). Vested PSUs are settled in cash. Vested PDSUs are converted into DSUs pursuant to the DSU plan, are eligible for a 25% Company match if the employee has not exceeded their Common Share ownership requirements, and are settled in cash only when the holder ceases their employment with the Company.

The performance period for all PSUs and PDSUs granted in 2025 is January 1, 2025 to December 31, 2027 and the performance factors are Free Cash Flow ("FCF"), and Total Shareholder Return ("TSR") compared to the Standard and Poor's ("S&P")/TSX 60 Index, TSR compared to the S&P 500 Industrials Index, and TSR compared to Class I railways.

The performance period for 568,159 PSUs and 25,589 PDSUs granted in 2024 is January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2026 and the performance factors are FCF, annualized Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, Amortization ("EBITDA"), TSR compared to the S&P/TSX 60 Index, TSR compared to the S&P 500 Industrials Index, and TSR compared to Class I railways.

The performance period for all of the 544,175 PSUs and all 26,333 PDSUs granted in 2023 is January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2025, and the performance factors are FCF, EBITDA, TSR compared to the S&P/TSX 60 Index, TSR compared to the S&P 500 Industrials Index, and TSR compared to Class I railways. The payout on these awards is 91% on 461,766 PSUs (including dividends reinvested) and 26,555 PDSUs (including dividends reinvested and matching units) outstanding, representing fair values of $43 million and $3 million, respectively, as at December 31, 2025, calculated based on the Company's average Common Share price of the last 30 trading days preceding December 31, 2025.
The performance period for the other 347,236 PSUs granted in 2023 is April 28, 2023 to December 1, 2026 and the performance factors are EBITDA and TSR compared to Class I railways.

The performance period for all of the 415,660 PSUs and 13,506 PDSUs granted in 2022 was January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2024, and the performance factors were FCF, Adjusted net debt to Adjusted EBITDA Modifier, TSR compared to the S&P/TSX 60 Index, and TSR compared to the S&P 500 Industrials Index. The resulting payout was 120% of the outstanding units multiplied by the Company's average Common Share price calculated based on the last 30 trading days preceding December 31, 2024. In the first quarter of 2025, payouts were $48 million on 381,759 PSUs, including dividends reinvested. The 9,774 PDSUs that vested on December 31, 2024, with a fair value of $2 million, including dividends reinvested and matching units, will be paid out in future reporting periods pursuant to the DSU plan (as described above).

The following table summarizes the activity related to PSUs and PDSUs for each of the years ended December 31:

20252024
Outstanding, January 11,743,733 1,678,553 
Granted635,665 593,748 
Issued in lieu of dividends15,950 12,843 
Settled(384,486)(401,182)
PDSUs converted into DSUs(8,426)(11,461)
Forfeited(60,702)(128,768)
Outstanding, December 311,941,734 1,743,733 

In 2025, the expense for PSUs and PDSUs was $8 million (2024 - $72 million; 2023 - $78 million). At December 31, 2025, there was $16 million of total unrecognized compensation related to these awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.3 years.

Deferred share unit plan
The Company established the DSU plan as a means to compensate and assist in attaining Common Share ownership targets set for certain key employees and Directors. A DSU entitles the holder to receive, upon redemption, a cash payment equivalent to the Company's average Common Share price based on the 10 trading days prior to redemption. DSUs vest over various periods of up to 36 months and are only redeemable for a specified period after employment is terminated.

Senior managers may elect to receive DSUs in lieu of annual cash bonuses under the bonus deferral program. In addition, senior managers will be granted a 25% Company match of DSUs when deferring cash to DSUs to meet ownership targets. The election to receive eligible payments in DSUs is no longer available to a participant when the value of the participant’s DSUs is sufficient to meet the Company’s Common Share ownership guidelines. Senior managers have five years to meet their ownership targets.

The expense for DSUs is recognized over the vesting period for both the initial subscription price and the change in value between reporting periods.

The following table summarizes the activity related to DSUs for each of the years ended December 31:

20252024
Outstanding, January 1903,054 899,818 
Granted91,071 71,082 
PDSUs converted into DSUs12,572 14,079 
Issued in lieu of dividends7,758 6,253 
Settled(41,005)(82,624)
Forfeited(3,095)(5,554)
Outstanding, December 31970,355 903,054 

During 2025, the Company granted 91,071 DSUs with a grant date fair value of approximately $10 million. In 2025, the expense for DSUs was $7 million (2024 - $1 million of recovery; 2023 - $10 million of expense). At December 31, 2025, there was $1 million of total unrecognized compensation related to DSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.8 years.
Summary of share unit liabilities settled
The following table summarizes the total share unit liabilities settled for each of the years ended December 31:

(in millions of Canadian dollars)202520242023
Plan
PSUs$48 $54 $86 
DSUs4 
Other12 
Total$64 $64 $89 

C. Employee share purchase plan
The Company has an employee share purchase plan whereby both employee and the Company contributions are used to purchase Common Shares on the open market for employees. The Company’s contributions are expensed over the one year vesting period. Under the plan, the Company matches $1 for every $3 contributed by employees up to a maximum employee contribution of 6% of annual salary.
The total number of Common Shares purchased in 2025 on behalf of participants, including the Company's contributions, was 737,804 (2024 - 746,544; 2023 - 600,730). In 2025, the Company’s contributions were $17 million (2024 - $17 million; 2023 - $15 million) and the related compensation and benefits expense was $13 million (2024 - $12 million; 2023 - $11 million)
v3.25.4
Variable interest entities
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Variable Interest Entity, Not Primary Beneficiary, Disclosures [Abstract]  
Variable interest entities Variable interest entities
The Company leases equipment from certain trusts, which are financed by a combination of debt and equity and are unrelated third parties. The lease agreements, which are classified as operating leases, have fixed price purchase options that create the Company’s variable interests and result in the trusts being considered variable interest entities ("VIE").

Maintaining and operating the leased assets according to specific contractual obligations outlined in the terms of the lease agreements and industry standards is the Company’s responsibility. The rigour of the contractual terms of the lease agreements and industry standards are such that the Company has limited discretion over the maintenance activities associated with these assets. Accordingly, the Company does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact these entities economic performance.

The Company's financial exposure resulting from its involvement with these entities, is limited to its fixed lease payments. In 2025, lease payments related to the VIE were $12 million. Total future minimum lease payments to the end of the lease term in 2030 are $41 million. The fixed price purchase options for all leased assets expire in 2026. Although the leased assets must be returned in good operating condition, subject to normal wear and tear, the Company does not guarantee the residual value of the assets at the end of the lease.
Since the Company has neither the power to direct the activities of the VIE, or the obligation to absorb expected losses or residual returns, it does not consolidate the
v3.25.4
Commitments and contingencies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Commitments and contingencies Commitments and contingencies
Commitments
At December 31, 2025, the Company had commitments amounting to $4,397 million, for investments in the Celaya-NBA Line Railway Bypass and the Concession, other capital expenditures, bulk fuel, locomotive maintenance and overhaul, and other goods and services. These commitments are for the years 2026-2033.

Annual maturities and principal repayments of debt for the next five years and thereafter are provided in Note 17. Commitments related to leases, including minimum annual payments for the next five years and thereafter, are included in Note 20.
Litigation
In the normal course of its operations, the Company becomes involved in various legal actions, including claims relating to injuries and damage to property. The Company maintains provisions it considers to be adequate for such actions. While the final outcome with respect to actions outstanding or pending as at December 31, 2025 cannot be predicted with certainty, it is the opinion of management that their resolution will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, or liquidity. However, an unexpected adverse resolution of one or more of these legal actions could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial position, results of operations, or liquidity in a particular quarter or fiscal year.

Legal proceedings related to Lac-Mégantic rail accident
On July 6, 2013, a train carrying petroleum crude oil operated by Montréal Maine and Atlantic Railway ("MMAR") or a subsidiary, Montréal Maine & Atlantic Canada Co. ("MMAC" and collectively the "MMA Group"), derailed in Lac-Mégantic, Québec. The derailment occurred on a section of railway owned and operated by the MMA Group and while the MMA Group exclusively controlled the train.

Following the derailment, MMAC sought court protection in Canada under the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act and MMAR filed for bankruptcy in the U.S. Plans of arrangement were approved in both Canada and the U.S. (the "Plans"), providing for the distribution of approximately $440 million amongst those claiming derailment damages.

A number of legal proceedings, set out below, were commenced in Canada and the U.S. against the Company and others:

(1)Québec's Minister of Sustainable Development, Environment, Wildlife and Parks ordered various parties, including the Company, to remediate the derailment site (the "Cleanup Order") and served the Company with a Notice of Claim for $95 million for those costs. The Company appealed the Cleanup Order and contested the Notice of Claim with the Administrative Tribunal of Québec. These proceedings are stayed pending determination of the Attorney General of Québec ("AGQ") action (paragraph 2 below).

(2)The AGQ sued the Company in the Québec Superior Court claiming $409 million in damages, which was further amended and reduced to $231 million (the "AGQ Action"). The AGQ Action alleges that: (i) the Company was responsible for the petroleum crude oil from its point of origin until its delivery to Irving Oil Ltd.; and (ii) the Company is vicariously liable for the acts and omissions of the MMA Group.

(3)A class action in the Québec Superior Court on behalf of persons and entities residing in, owning or leasing property in, operating a business in, or physically present in Lac-Mégantic at the time of the derailment was certified against the Company on May 8, 2015 (the "Class Action"). Other defendants including MMAC and Mr. Thomas Harding ("Harding") were added to the Class Action on January 25, 2017. On November 28, 2019, the plaintiffs' motion to discontinue their action against Harding was granted. The Class Action seeks unquantified damages, including for wrongful death, personal injury, property damage, and economic loss.

(4)Eight subrogated insurers sued the Company in the Québec Superior Court claiming approximately $16 million in damages, which was amended and reduced to approximately $14 million (the "Promutuel Action"), and two additional subrogated insurers sued the Company claiming approximately $3 million in damages (the "Royal Action"). Both actions contain similar allegations as the AGQ Action. The actions do not identify the subrogated parties. As such, the extent of any overlap between the damages claimed in these actions and under the Plans is unclear. The Royal Action is stayed pending determination of the consolidated proceedings described below.

On December 11, 2017, the AGQ Action, the Class Action and the Promutuel Action were consolidated. The joint liability trial of these consolidated claims commenced on September 21, 2021 with oral arguments ending on June 15, 2022. The Québec Superior Court issued a decision on December 14, 2022 dismissing all claims against the Company, finding that the Company’s actions were not the direct and immediate cause of the accident and the damages suffered by the plaintiffs. All three plaintiffs filed a declaration of appeal on January 13, 2023. The appeal was heard October 7 to 10, 2024 by the Québec Court of Appeal. On February 26, 2025, the Québec Court of Appeal issued its unanimous decision upholding the trial decision and dismissing the appeals in their entirety. On April 28, 2025, all three plaintiffs filed applications for leave to appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada. On May 30, 2025, the Company filed its response to the plaintiffs' leave applications. A damages trial will follow after the disposition of all appeals, if necessary.

(5)Forty-eight plaintiffs (all individual claims joined in one action) sued the Company, MMAC, and Harding in the Québec Superior Court claiming approximately $5 million in damages for economic loss and pain and suffering, and asserting similar allegations as in the Class Action and the AGQ Action. The majority of the plaintiffs opted-out of the Class Action and all but two are also plaintiffs in litigation against the Company, described in paragraph 7 below. This action is stayed pending determination of the consolidated claims described above.
(6)The MMAR U.S. bankruptcy estate representative commenced an action against the Company in November 2014 in the Maine Bankruptcy Court claiming that the Company failed to abide by certain regulations and seeking approximately U.S. $30 million in damages for MMAR’s loss in business value according to an expert report filed by the bankruptcy estate. This action asserts that the Company knew or ought to have known that the shipper misclassified the petroleum crude oil and therefore should have refused to transport it. Summary judgement motion was argued and taken under advisement on June 9, 2022. On May 23, 2023, the case management judge stayed the proceedings pending the outcome of the appeal in the Canadian consolidated claims. On April 18, 2025, the Court lifted the stay and ordered briefing concerning the Company’s request for summary judgement based on the preclusive effect of matters decided in other Lac-Mégantic cases. The Court will address that basis for summary judgement first, then will address other arguments for summary judgement, if necessary, afterwards. On October 8, 2025, the Court heard the Company's summary judgement motion. The Court's decision is pending.

(7)The class and mass tort action commenced against the Company in June 2015 in Texas (on behalf of Lac-Mégantic residents and wrongful death representatives) and the wrongful death and personal injury actions commenced against the Company in June 2015 in Illinois and Maine, were all transferred and consolidated in Federal District Court in Maine (the "Maine Actions"). The Maine Actions allege that the Company negligently misclassified and improperly packaged the petroleum crude oil. On the Company’s motion, the Maine Actions were dismissed. The plaintiffs appealed the dismissal decision to the U.S. First Circuit Court of Appeals, which dismissed the plaintiffs' appeal on June 2, 2021. The plaintiffs further petitioned the U.S. First Circuit Court of Appeals for a rehearing, which was denied on September 8, 2021. On January 24, 2022, the plaintiffs further appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court on two bankruptcy procedural grounds. On May 31, 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court denied the petition, thereby rejecting the plaintiffs' appeal.

(8)The trustee for the wrongful death trust commenced Carmack Amendment claims against the Company in North Dakota Federal Court, seeking to recover approximately U.S. $6 million for damaged rail cars and lost crude oil and reimbursement for the settlement paid by the consignor and the consignee under the Plans (alleged to be U.S. $110 million and U.S. $60 million, respectively). The Court issued an Order on August 6, 2020 granting and denying in parts the parties' summary judgement motions which has been reviewed and confirmed following motions by the parties for clarification and reconsideration. Final briefs of dispositive motions for summary judgement and for reconsideration on tariff applicability were submitted on September 30, 2022. On January 20, 2023, the Court granted in part the Company's summary judgement motion by dismissing all claims for recovery of settlement payments but leaving for trial the determination of the value of the lost crude oil. It also dismissed the Company's motion for reconsideration on tariff applicability. The remaining issues of the value of the lost crude oil and applicability of judgement reduction provisions did not require trial, and were fully briefed in 2024. On January 5, 2024, the Court issued its decision finding that the Company was liable for approximately U.S. $3.9 million plus pre-judgement interest, but declined to determine whether judgement reduction provisions were applicable, referring the parties to a court in Maine on that issue. On January 18, 2024, the Company filed a motion for reconsideration for the Court to apply the judgement reduction provisions. On January 19, 2024, the trustee for the wrongful death trust filed a Notice of Appeal for the January 5, 2024 decision, as well as prior decisions. On February 23, 2024, the Court denied the Company’s motion for reconsideration, again referring the parties to a court in Maine to apply the judgement reduction provision. On March 6, 2024, the Company filed its notice of appeal of this latest ruling, as well as prior decisions. The appeal was heard on March 18, 2025. On July 3, 2025, the U.S. Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals unanimously allowed the Company’s appeal, reversing the district court decision and remanding the matter back to the district court for a complete reduction of the judgement against the Company. On July 17, 2025, the trustee for the wrongful death trust petitioned the U.S. Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals for a rehearing. On August 7, 2025, the U.S. Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals denied the petition for a rehearing. The deadline for any petition to the U.S. Supreme Court for certiorari passed in November 2025 and no petition was filed.

At this stage of the proceedings, any potential responsibility and the quantum of potential losses cannot be determined. Nevertheless, the Company denies liability and is vigorously defending these proceedings.

Court decision related to Remington Development Corporation legal claim
On October 20, 2022, the Court of King’s Bench of Alberta issued a decision in a claim brought by Remington Development Corporation ("Remington") against the Company and the Province of Alberta ("Alberta") with respect to an alleged breach of contract by the Company in relation to the sale of certain properties in Calgary. In its decision, the Court found the Company had breached its contract with Remington and Alberta had induced the contract breach. The Court found the Company and Alberta liable for damages of approximately $164 million plus interest and costs, and subject to an adjustment to the acquisition value of the property. In a further decision on August 30, 2023, the Court determined that adjustment and set the total damages at $165 million plus interest and costs. On October 20, 2023, the Court determined the costs payable to Remington, however, the Court had not provided any indication of how the damages, which were estimated to total approximately $232 million as at June 30, 2025, should be apportioned between the Company and Alberta. On November 17, 2022, the Company filed an appeal of the Court’s decision. On April 11, 2024, the Court of Appeal of Alberta ("ABCA") stayed the judgement pending the outcome of the appeal. On September 10, 2024, the ABCA heard the Company's appeal and reserved its decision. On July 2, 2025, the ABCA unanimously allowed the Company’s appeal and set aside the trial judgement and costs order. A majority of the ABCA ordered a new trial in the Court of King’s Bench. On September 26, 2025, Remington sought leave to appeal the ABCA’s decision to the Supreme Court of Canada.
2014 tax assessment
On April 13, 2022, the SAT delivered an audit assessment of CPKCM’s 2014 tax returns (the "2014 Assessment"). As at December 31, 2025, the 2014 Assessment, including inflation, interest, and penalties was Ps.6,552 million ($499 million).

On July 7, 2022, CPKCM filed an administrative appeal (the "Administrative Appeal") before the SAT, seeking to revoke the 2014 Assessment on the basis that the SAT’s notification of the 2014 Assessment through the tax mailbox was not legal, because it was in violation of a tax mailbox injunction previously granted to CPKCM on March 19, 2015. On September 26, 2022, the SAT dismissed the Administrative Appeal, on the basis that it was not a timely submission (the "Administrative Appeal Resolution").

On October 10, 2022, CPKCM submitted an annulment lawsuit (the "Annulment Lawsuit") before the Federal Administrative Court (the "Administrative Court"), challenging the 2014 Assessment, its notification, and the Administrative Appeal Resolution. On April 24, 2024, the Administrative Court resolved the Annulment Lawsuit, confirming the Administrative Appeal Resolution and the 2014 Assessment (the "Administrative Court Resolution").

On June 21, 2024, CPKCM challenged the Administrative Court Resolution by submitting an Amparo appeal (Demanda de Amparo) before the Collegiate Circuit Court (Tribunal Colegiado de Circuito). On June 4, 2025, the Twenty Third Collegiate Court of the First Circuit (the "Circuit Court") unanimously granted CPKCM’s Amparo petition, vacating the prior decision and sending the matter back to the Administrative Court with an order to issue a new resolution addressing CPKCM’s arguments that were presented in the Annulment Lawsuit. On June 25, 2025, the Administrative Court resolved the Annulment Lawsuit unfavourably to CPKCM (the "2025 Administrative Court Resolution"). On August 19, 2025, CPKCM submitted a new Amparo appeal challenging the 2025 Administrative Court Resolution. On September 8, 2025, the Circuit Court admitted the Amparo appeal submitted by CPKCM. CPKCM expects to prevail based on the technical merits of its case.

On August 20, 2025, derived from the submission of the Amparo appeal, the Administrative Court issued a resolution granting an injunction against the enforcement and collection of the 2014 Assessment, as long as the 2014 Assessment is duly guaranteed.

2023 business interruption insurance settlement
During the third quarter of 2023, the Company realized gain contingencies of $51 million recognized to "Purchased services and other", as a result of settlements reached with insurers for business interruption losses incurred by the Company related to a wildfire and flooding in British Columbia in 2021.
v3.25.4
Guarantees
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Guarantees [Abstract]  
Guarantees Guarantees
In the normal course of operations, the Company enters into contractual arrangements that involve providing certain guarantees, which extend over the term of the contracts. These guarantees include, but are not limited to:
guarantees to pay other parties in the event of the occurrence of specified events, including damage to equipment, in relation to assets used in the operation of the railway through operating leases, rental agreements, easements, trackage, and interline agreements;
guarantees to pay other parties in the event of a specified change in control of the Company or particular subsidiaries of the Company;
guarantees to repay amounts outstanding for certain debt obligations;
a guarantee to repay a portion of amounts outstanding for certain debt obligations held by an equity investee; and
indemnifications of certain tax-related payments incurred by lessors and lenders.

The maximum amount that could be payable under these guarantees, excluding residual value guarantees, cannot be reasonably estimated due to the nature of certain guarantees. All or a portion of amounts paid under guarantees to other parties in the event of the occurrence of specified events could be recoverable from other parties or through insurance. The Company has accrued for all guarantees that it expects to pay. As at December 31, 2025, accruals of $16 million (2024 - $8 million), were recognized in "Accounts payable and accrued liabilities".

Indemnification
Pursuant to a trust and custodial services agreement with the trustee of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company Pension Plan, the Company has undertaken to indemnify and save harmless the trustee, to the extent not paid by the fund, from any and all taxes, claims, liabilities, damages, costs, and expenses arising out of the performance of the trustee’s obligations under the agreement, except as a result of misconduct by the trustee. The indemnity includes liabilities, costs, or expenses relating to any legal reporting or notification obligations of the trustee with respect to the defined benefit and defined contribution options of the pension plans, or otherwise with respect to the assets of the pension plans that are not part of the fund. The indemnity survives the termination or expiry of the agreement with respect to claims and liabilities arising prior to the termination or expiry. As at December 31, 2025, the Company had not recognized a liability associated with this indemnification as it does not expect to make any payments pertaining to it.
v3.25.4
Segmented and geographic information
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segmented and geographic information Segmented and geographic information
Operating segment
The Company only has one operating segment: rail transportation.

The Company's chief operating decision-maker ("CODM") is the Company's Chief Executive Officer. The CODM uses "Net income attributable to controlling shareholders" to assess the Company's performance and decide on the allocation of resources. "Net income attributable to controlling shareholders" is used in conjunction with certain Non-GAAP measures, operational performance indicators, and figures prepared on a forecast basis to evaluate the return on the Company's assets and make operational and investment decisions. The Company's significant segment expenses are consistent with the expenses presented on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.

For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, no single customer accounted for more than 10% of "Total revenues".

Geographic information
The Company's "Total revenues" were all earned, and long-lived assets were all held, within Canada, the U.S., and Mexico, as reported in the table below:

For the years ended and as at December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars)CanadaU.S.Mexico Total
2025
Revenues$7,243 $5,124 $2,711 $15,078 
Long-lived assets: Properties and Operating lease ROU assets17,559 26,860 11,326 55,745 
2024
Revenues6,936 4,988 2,622 14,546 
Long-lived assets: Properties and Operating lease ROU assets16,536 27,897 11,955 56,388 
2023
Revenues6,651 4,257 1,647 12,555 
v3.25.4
Subsequent events
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Subsequent Events [Abstract]  
Subsequent events Subsequent events
In February 2026, the Company repaid, at maturity, U.S. $250 million ($339 million) 3.70% 10.5-year Notes.
v3.25.4
Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]  
Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

(in millions of Canadian dollars)Balance as at January 1Impact of KCS AcquisitionAdditions charged to expensesPayments and other reductionsImpact of FXBalance as at December 31
Provisions for contingent liabilities(1)
2023$130 $215 $191 $(218)$(4)$314 
2024$314 $44 $171 $(194)$25 $360 
2025$360 $ $136 $(144)$(16)$336 
(1)    Includes provisions for environmental remediation, personal injury and other claims. Provisions associated with self-insured workers’ compensation benefits administered through the Workers' Compensation Boards of four Canadian provinces are presented in Note 23 Pensions and Other Benefits of the Financial Statements.
v3.25.4
Insider Trading Arrangements
3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
v3.25.4
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures [Line Items]  
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures Adopted true
v3.25.4
Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy Disclosure
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, and Governance [Line Items]  
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes for Assessing, Identifying, and Managing Threats [Text Block]
CPKC’s cybersecurity risk management program is an integrated and essential component of the Company’s overall risk management strategy. Through its Security Management Plan, CPKC maintains a comprehensive, risk-based plan that is modelled on and was developed in conjunction with the security plan prepared by the Association of American Railroads post-September 11, 2001. This plan also covers regulatory requirements such as TSA Cyber Security Directives and auditing requirements. Under this plan, the Company routinely examines and prioritizes cyber vulnerabilities and threats while also testing and revising protective measures for its assets and operations, both physical or cyber. Likewise, the Company’s cybersecurity risk management program entails real-time review and monitoring of CPKC’s cyber-risk exposures and implements strategic processes to manage those risks.

The Company's cybersecurity program utilizes the National Institute of Standards and Technology Cybersecurity Framework as its foundation. Accordingly, CPKC’s program includes periodic risk assessments, penetration testing by a third-party, audit participation, employee and contractor training, and the implementation of technologies to assist in mitigating cybersecurity risks and harms. Incident response procedures, including escalation procedures, are designed, implemented, and periodically tested to assist the Company in detecting, responding to, and recovering from a potential cybersecurity incident, and making any timely notification or disclosure that may be required under the circumstances. The Company scopes the third-party penetration tests as real-world attacks against perimeter defences and internal processes such as social engineering and phishing.

The Company's cybersecurity risk management program also includes ongoing threat research and analysis conducted with the assistance of third parties, including on emerging threat attack vectors, tactics, actors, and motivations. The Company also engages in ongoing network monitoring and has implemented a vulnerability management and patching program. Further, CPKC employs structured vetting and ongoing risk management processes to identify and mitigate cyber risks associated with the use of third-party service providers, including specifically in the area of technology.
To date, risks arising from cybersecurity threats have not materially affected the Company, its results of its operations, or its financial condition. However, the Company also recognizes the reality of the ever-evolving cyber risk landscape faced by industries and businesses across the world. Depending on their source and nature, cyber incidents could in the future materially affect CPKC and its operations, and financial condition.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Text Block]
CPKC’s cybersecurity risk management program is an integrated and essential component of the Company’s overall risk management strategy. Through its Security Management Plan, CPKC maintains a comprehensive, risk-based plan that is modelled on and was developed in conjunction with the security plan prepared by the Association of American Railroads post-September 11, 2001. This plan also covers regulatory requirements such as TSA Cyber Security Directives and auditing requirements. Under this plan, the Company routinely examines and prioritizes cyber vulnerabilities and threats while also testing and revising protective measures for its assets and operations, both physical or cyber. Likewise, the Company’s cybersecurity risk management program entails real-time review and monitoring of CPKC’s cyber-risk exposures and implements strategic processes to manage those risks.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Third Party Engaged [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Third Party Oversight and Identification Processes [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Materially Affected or Reasonably Likely to Materially Affect Registrant [Flag] false
Cybersecurity Risk Board of Directors Oversight [Text Block] The Board of Directors oversees the work of all its committees, including the Audit and Finance Committee.
Cybersecurity Risk Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block] The Audit and Finance Committee is responsible for, among other things, overseeing the Company’s financial disclosures and its internal and external audit functions, maintaining the integrity of financial reporting and internal controls, and providing stewardship and guidance to management in its approach to the assessment and mitigation of cybersecurity risks.
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block] The Chief Information Officer ("CIO") provides annual and periodic updates to the Audit and Finance Committee and the Board of Directors on cybersecurity risks and the Company’s strategy for mitigating such risks. Additionally, the Chief Information Security Officer ("CISO") briefs the Audit and Finance Committee periodically. The Audit and Finance Committee also receives updates on information systems and cybersecurity audit and advisory engagements from the Chief Internal Auditor.
Cybersecurity Risk Role of Management [Text Block] Additionally, the Chief Information Security Officer ("CISO") briefs the Audit and Finance Committee periodically. The Audit and Finance Committee also receives updates on information systems and cybersecurity audit and advisory engagements from the Chief Internal Auditor.
The CISO reports directly to the CIO and is responsible for:
overseeing and implementing CPKC's cybersecurity strategy;
aligning cybersecurity objectives with the overall business objectives;
ensuring compliance with regulatory directives related to cybersecurity;
promoting a cybersecurity culture through comprehensive awareness and training programs; and
managing and coordinating incident response activities.

The Company's cybersecurity risk management program is supervised by the Managing Director of Enterprise Security who reports directly to the CISO. The CIO and CISO regularly update senior leadership and the executive committee on cybersecurity risks.
The CISO, CIO, and certain members of their management team who are involved in implementing the Company's cybersecurity program possess expertise in cybersecurity risk management. Our CISO and CIO each have many years of experience in designing and implementing cybersecurity frameworks and working to mitigate cyber threats. Among other qualifications, certain members of the CISO's and CIO's management team also have certifications as a Certified Information Systems Security Professional and Certified Information Security Manager.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Flag] true
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Text Block]
The CISO reports directly to the CIO and is responsible for:
overseeing and implementing CPKC's cybersecurity strategy;
aligning cybersecurity objectives with the overall business objectives;
ensuring compliance with regulatory directives related to cybersecurity;
promoting a cybersecurity culture through comprehensive awareness and training programs; and
managing and coordinating incident response activities.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Expertise of Management Responsible [Text Block] Our CISO and CIO each have many years of experience in designing and implementing cybersecurity frameworks and working to mitigate cyber threats. Among other qualifications, certain members of the CISO's and CIO's management team also have certifications as a Certified Information Systems Security Professional and Certified Information Security Manager.
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Management or Committees Responsible [Text Block] The Chief Information Officer ("CIO") provides annual and periodic updates to the Audit and Finance Committee and the Board of Directors on cybersecurity risks and the Company’s strategy for mitigating such risks. Additionally, the Chief Information Security Officer ("CISO") briefs the Audit and Finance Committee periodically. The Audit and Finance Committee also receives updates on information systems and cybersecurity audit and advisory engagements from the Chief Internal Auditor.
The CISO reports directly to the CIO and is responsible for:
overseeing and implementing CPKC's cybersecurity strategy;
aligning cybersecurity objectives with the overall business objectives;
ensuring compliance with regulatory directives related to cybersecurity;
promoting a cybersecurity culture through comprehensive awareness and training programs; and
managing and coordinating incident response activities.

The Company's cybersecurity risk management program is supervised by the Managing Director of Enterprise Security who reports directly to the CISO. The CIO and CISO regularly update senior leadership and the executive committee on cybersecurity risks.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible Report to Board [Flag] true
v3.25.4
Summary of significant accounting policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of presentation
Basis of presentation
The Company's Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. ("GAAP"). Amounts are expressed in Canadian dollars, unless otherwise noted.
Use of estimates and judgements
Use of estimates, assumptions, and judgements
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, assumptions, and judgements that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts and classification of revenues, expenses, and other income items during the reporting period. These estimates, assumptions, and judgements are based on management's best knowledge of current events, actions, and conditions. Actual results could differ. Critical estimates, assumptions, and judgements used in the preparation of the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements relate to:
Deferred income taxes (Note 7);
Properties (Note 13);
Goodwill (Note 14);
Intangible assets (Note 15);
Pensions and other benefits (Note 23); and
Contingent liabilities (Notes 19 and 26).
Principles of consolidation
Principles of consolidation
The Company's Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company's subsidiaries from the date control was assumed. Intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated. Third-party ownership interest in one of the Company's subsidiaries is presented in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements as activities and amounts attributable to non-controlling interest.
Revenues
Revenues
Revenues are primarily derived from the provision of freight rail transportation services. Non-freight revenues are primarily derived from passenger service operators, switching fees, and logistics services, and also from leasing land and other property.

Revenues are recognized when promised services are delivered and obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied. Revenues are measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for providing services. In the normal course of business, the Company does not generate material revenues from acting as an agent for other entities. Revenues are presented net of taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities.
Freight revenues
The Company has master service agreements with customers which establish pricing, terms and conditions for future freight services the Company will provide when service requests or bills of lading are received from those customers. Each bill of lading or service request is a distinct performance obligation. Transaction prices are generally determined when bills of lading or service requests are initiated and are allocated to distinct performance obligations based on estimated standalone selling prices which are determined based on observable fair market values. The Company also provides freight transportation services to customers at published rates established in public tariff agreements. In those arrangements, a performance obligation is triggered at the time the freight transportation services are ordered by the customer.

Freight revenues are recognized over time as transportation services are provided and obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied. Inputs are used to measure the percentage of completion towards satisfaction of performance obligations. Progress is measured based on elapsed freight transit time relative to total expected freight transit time from origination to destination. Performance obligations not fully satisfied as at the balance sheet date are generally expected to be satisfied in the following reporting period. Contract liabilities represent payments received for performance obligations not yet satisfied. The short duration over which freight rail services are delivered generally means that there is an immaterial value of outstanding performance obligations and contract liabilities as at the balance sheet date.

Certain customer arrangements include variable consideration in the form of rebates, discounts, or incentives. The expected value method is used to estimate the amount of variable consideration to allocate to performance obligations as they are satisfied. Volume rebates are accrued based on estimated volumes and contract terms and recognized as a reduction of freight revenues as the related freight services are provided. Customer incentives are amortized over the term of the related service agreement.
Customers are invoiced when a bill of lading or service request is processed. Payment for services are due when performance obligations are satisfied. Amounts outstanding as at the balance sheet date are generally collected in the following reporting period. Performance obligations not fully satisfied as at the balance sheet date are generally expected to be satisfied in the following reporting period.
Income taxes
Income taxes
The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, a deferred income tax asset or liability is determined based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax basis of the asset or liability, using enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the difference is expected to reverse. The change in the net deferred income tax asset or liability is included in the computation of "Net income" and "Other comprehensive income (loss)". The effect of changes in income tax rates on deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income in the reporting period that the change occurs.

The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred income tax assets if it is more likely than not, based on available evidence about future events, that some or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized.

The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit is measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. A liability for "unrecognized tax benefits" is recorded for any tax benefits claimed in the Company’s tax returns that do not have a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement.
Investment and other similar tax credits are initially recognized in "Deferred income taxes" on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets and subsequently recognized in "Deferred income tax expense (recovery)" on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income over the useful life of the related property.
Earnings per share
Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is calculated using the weighted-average number of the Company's Common Shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is calculated using the treasury stock method for determining the dilutive effect of Common Shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options.
Equity method investments
Equity method investments
The Company's investments in entities over which it can exercise significant influence or has joint control are accounted for using the equity method. Equity-method investments are initially recognized on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets at cost. Subsequently, the carrying amounts of these investments are adjusted to reflect:
the Company's share of the investments' income or losses, and comprehensive income or losses, based on the Company's share of their common stock and in-substance common stock;
depreciation, amortization, or accretion related to any basis differences identified at the time the investments were initially recognized;
dividends and distributions received;
other-than-temporary impairments; and
the effects of any intra-entity income or losses and capital transactions.

Distributions from equity-method investments are classified on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows according to the nature of the activities that generated the distributions.

If the Company acquires control of an equity-method investment, it stops accounting for the investment using the equity method. The investment is remeasured to fair value as of the date control was assumed, and any gain or loss is recognized in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. Any amounts in "Accumulated other comprehensive income" ("AOCI") related to the investment are reclassified and included in the calculation of the gain or loss. Any gain or loss on the settlement of a pre-existing relationship between the Company and the investment is recognized in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income, separately from the business acquisition.
Business acquisitions
Business acquisitions
Management makes estimates and assumptions to determine the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities and non-controlling interest assumed in a business combination at the acquisition date. Such estimates and assumptions are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. During the measurement period, the Company may adjust any provisional amounts reported on the acquisition date if additional information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed that, if known, would have affected their measurement on that date. Adjustments to provisional amounts are recognized with corresponding adjustments to "Goodwill".
If the acquisition-date fair value of an asset or liability arising from pre-acquisition contingencies cannot be determined as of the acquisition date or during the measurement period, the estimated amount of the asset or liability is recognized if it is probable that the asset existed or the liability had been incurred as of the acquisition date based on information available prior to the end of the measurement period and the amount of the asset or liability can be reasonably estimated. The measurement period ends at the earlier of the date that the necessary information about the facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date concerning the provisional amounts is obtained, or one year after the acquisition date.
Foreign currency translation
Foreign currency translation
Foreign currency transactions
Foreign currency transactions are denominated in currencies other than the Company's functional currency, which is the Canadian dollar. Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated to the functional currency using the foreign exchange ("FX") rate prevailing on the day of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are remeasured to the functional currency using the exchange rate in effect as at the balance sheet date. FX gains and losses resulting from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities are recognized in income in the reporting period they arise.

Foreign operations
FX gains and losses arising from the translation of the Company's foreign subsidiaries' and equity-method investees' functional currencies to Canadian currency presentation are recognized in "Other comprehensive income (loss)" and recognized in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income upon the sale of the foreign operation. Asset and liability accounts are translated at the exchange rates in effect as at the balance sheet date, and revenues and expenses are translated using monthly average exchange rates.

U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt, finance lease obligations, short-term borrowings, and operating lease liabilities are designated as hedges of the Company's net investment in foreign subsidiaries and foreign equity-method investees. Accordingly, unrealized gains and losses arising from the translation of the designated U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt, finance lease obligations, and operating lease liabilities are offset against gains and losses arising from the translation of the Company's foreign operations' accounts in "Other comprehensive income (loss)".
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments with original maturities of less than three months.
Accounts receivable, net
Accounts receivable, net
Accounts receivable are recorded at cost, net of an allowance for expected credit losses. The allowance for expected credit losses is estimated based on relevant information about historical credit loss experience of receivables with similar risk characteristics, current conditions, and forecasts of future conditions expected to affect collectability.
Accounts receivable are written off against the allowance for credit losses when it is probable that the remaining contractual payments will not be collected. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are credited to income in the reporting period they are recovered.
Materials and supplies
Materials and supplies
Materials and supplies, including fuel and parts used in the repair and maintenance of track structures, equipment, locomotives, and freight cars, are measured at the lower of average cost or net realizable value.
Properties
Properties
Properties are reported at historical cost, less accumulated depreciation or amortization and any impairment. The Company reviews properties for impairment when changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. If the estimated future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to the estimated fair values, measured using discounted cash flows, and a corresponding impairment loss is recognized in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.

Additions and betterments
For property additions and betterments, the Company capitalizes all costs necessary to make the assets ready for their intended use.

A large amount of the Company's capital expenditures are for self-constructed properties, both new and the replacement of existing properties. Self-constructed assets are initially recorded at cost, including direct costs, attributable indirect costs, overheads, and carrying costs:
direct costs include labour, purchased services, materials and equipment, project supervision costs, and fringe benefits.
attributable indirect costs mainly include costs associated with work trains, material distribution, highway vehicles, and work equipment.
overheads primarily relate to engineering department costs of planning, designing, and administering the capital projects, which are allocated to projects using a measure consistent with the nature of the cost, based on cost studies.

The Company capitalizes costs incurred for replacements or betterments that enhance the service potential or extend the useful life of properties, when the expenditures exceed minimum physical and financial thresholds:
the cost of ballast programs, including undercutting, shoulder ballasting, and renewal programs that form part of the annual track program are capitalized because the work and related added ballast material significantly improves drainage, which in turn extends the life of ties and other track materials. The cost of ballast programs are tracked separately from the underlying assets and depreciated over the estimated period to the next similar ballast program. Spot replacement of ballast is considered a repair, which is expensed as incurred.
significant freight car refurbishments, locomotive overhauls, and other capital improvements that enhance service potential or extend useful life are capitalized.
replacement project costs, including dismantling costs, are expensed or capitalized based on studies of the activities performed in the projects.

Costs to repair or maintain the service potential of properties are expensed.

The Company also capitalizes development costs for major new computer systems.

Depreciation
The Company primarily uses the group method of depreciation, in which properties with similar characteristics, use, and expected lives are allocated to asset groups:
the asset groups are depreciated on a straight-line basis reflecting their expected economic lives, using composite depreciation rates. All track assets are depreciated using a straight-line method which recognizes the value of the asset consumed as a percentage of the whole life of the asset.
composite depreciation rates are established through depreciation studies, which are regular, detailed reviews, performed by asset group, of service lives, salvage values, accumulated depreciation, and other related matters.
the depreciation studies also estimate accumulated depreciation surpluses or deficiencies for each asset group, which are amortized over the remaining life of the respective asset group.
when depreciable property is retired or otherwise disposed in the normal course of business, its life generally approximates its expected useful life as determined in the depreciation studies. For this reason, under group depreciation, a gain or loss on disposal is not recognized. Instead, the asset's net book value, less net salvage proceeds, is charged to accumulated depreciation.
for certain asset groups, the historical cost of the asset is separately recorded in the Company's property records. This amount is retired from the property records upon retirement of the asset. For assets for which the historical cost cannot be separately identified, the asset's gross book value to be retired is estimated using an indexation methodology, whereby the retired property's current replacement cost is indexed to its estimated year of installation, or a first-in, first-out approach, or statistical analysis. The Company uses indices that closely correlate to the principal costs of the assets.
when removal costs exceed the property's salvage value and removal is not a legal obligation, the removal costs are charged to income when the property is retired.
for the disposal of larger groups of depreciable assets that are unusual and were not considered in the Company's depreciation studies, a gain or loss is recognized for the difference between the net proceeds and the net book value of the assets sold or retired. The accumulated depreciation that is derecognized includes asset-specific accumulated depreciation, when known, or an appropriate portion of the accumulated depreciation recorded for the relevant asset class as a whole, calculated using a cost-based allocation.
Concession assets
CPKC holds a concession from the Mexican government which authorizes the Company to provide freight transportation services over certain rail lines, including the use of all related track and other assets necessary for the rail lines' operations (the "Concession"). The Concession term ends in June 2047, but is renewable under certain conditions, for additional periods, each up to 50 years.

The underlying tangible assets that the Concession provides the Company with the right to use are capitalized in "Properties" and depreciated, using the group method, over the lesser of the expected Concession term, which includes one renewal period of 50 years, or the estimated useful life of the underlying asset groups. The intangible rights granted under the Concession are amortized over the expected term of the Concession.

Finance lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets
Finance lease ROU assets recognized in "Properties" are amortized to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the ROU asset or the end of the lease term.

Government assistance
The Company recognizes government assistance from various levels of governments and government agencies when there is reasonable assurance that the assistance will be received. Government assistance in connection with the acquisition or construction of properties sometimes includes conditions which, if not met within a certain period of time, may require repayment of some or all of the assistance received. It is the Company's intention to comply with all conditions imposed by the terms of government assistance accepted. Government assistance received or receivable related to property is recorded as a reduction of the cost of the property and amortized over the same period as the related assets are depreciated.
Goodwill & Intangible assets
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets upon acquisition of a business. The carrying value of goodwill, which is not amortized, is assessed for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances arise that suggest it may be impaired. The Company's annual review of goodwill is performed in the fourth quarter, on the October 1 balance.

The Company first assesses qualitative factors, including, but not limited to, economic, market, and industry conditions, the reporting unit's overall financial performance, and events such as notable changes in management or customers. If the qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, a quantitative assessment is undertaken. The quantitative assessment is a comparison of the reporting unit's carrying value and fair value. The reporting unit's fair value is defined as the price expected to be received if it was sold in an orderly transaction between market participants. It is determined based on pre-tax discounted cash flows that reflect management's best estimates of the time value of money and risks specific to the reporting unit and its assets. If the carrying value of the reporting unit, including goodwill, exceeds its fair value, an impairment is recognized, measured at the amount by which the reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value.

Intangible assets
Intangible assets with finite useful lives, consisting primarily of customer contracts, customer relationships, and favourable leases, are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, with any changes in useful life estimates adjusted prospectively. If events or circumstances indicate that a finite-lived intangible asset's carrying amount may not be recoverable, then an impairment loss is recognized for the excess of its carrying amount over its fair value, determined using pre-tax discounted cash flows.
Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are primarily trackage rights that are expected to generate cash flows indefinitely. They are not amortized but are tested for impairment at least annually, or sooner if conditions warrant. Impairment is measured as the excess of the asset's carrying amount over its fair value, determined using pre-tax discounted cash flows.
Financial instruments
Financial instruments
Financial instruments are contracts that give rise to a financial asset of one party and a financial liability or equity instrument of another party. Financial instruments are recognized initially at fair value, which is the amount of consideration that would be agreed upon in an arm’s-length transaction between willing parties.

Cash and cash equivalents are reported at amounts that approximate fair value. Accounts receivable and investments consisting of loans and receivables are subsequently measured at amortized cost, using the effective interest method. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, other long-term liabilities, and long-term debt are also subsequently measured at amortized cost.
Derivative financial instruments
Derivative financial instruments
Derivative financial instruments may be used from time to time to manage the Company's exposure to changes in FX rates, interest rates, fuel prices, and certain compensation tied to the Company's Common Share price. When derivative instruments are used in hedging relationships, the Company identifies, designates, and documents those hedging transactions and regularly tests the transactions to demonstrate effectiveness in order to continue hedge accounting.

Derivative instruments are classified as held-for-trading and recorded at fair value on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets as current or non-current assets or liabilities depending on the timing of settlements and the resulting cash flows associated with the instruments. Any changes in the fair values of derivatives that are not designated as hedges are recognized in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income in the reporting period the change occurs.

For fair value hedges, changes in the fair value of the hedging instrument are recognized in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income, along with changes in the fair value of the hedged risk of the asset or liability that is designated as part of the hedging relationship.

For designated cash flow hedges, changes in the fair value of the hedging instrument are recognized in "Other comprehensive income (loss)" and reclassified to the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income when the hedged item impacts income. If a derivative instrument designated as a cash flow hedge ceases to be effective or is terminated, hedge accounting is discontinued and the gain or loss at that date is deferred in "Other comprehensive income (loss)" and recognized in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income concurrently with the related transaction. If an anticipated hedged transaction is no longer probable, the gain or loss is immediately recognized. Subsequent gains and losses from derivative instruments for which hedge accounting has been discontinued are recognized in the reporting period in which they occur.

Cash flows relating to derivative instruments designated as hedges are included in the same category as the related hedged items on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Leases
Leases
The Company leases rolling stock, buildings, vehicles, railway equipment and roadway machines. Lease liabilities and ROU assets are recognized on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets for finance leases and operating leases with fixed terms and in-substance fixed terms:
ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized on the lease commencement date at the present value of the future lease payments over the lease term. Lease payments include fixed and variable payments that are based on an index or a rate. If the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable, the Company uses internal incremental secured borrowing rates for a comparable tenor and in the same currency at the lease commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments.
certain leases of rolling stock and roadway machines are fully variable or contain both fixed and variable components. Variable components are dependent on the hours and miles that the underlying equipment has been used. Fixed-term, short-term, and variable operating lease costs are recognized in "Equipment rents" and "Purchased services and other" in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.
components of finance lease costs are recognized in "Depreciation and amortization" and "Net interest expense" in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.
ROU assets are adjusted for lease prepayments, initial direct costs, and lease incentives.
lease terms include periods associated with options to extend or exclude periods associated with termination options when the Company is reasonably certain of exercising such options.
non-lease components are accounted for separately from lease components of roadway machine and fleet vehicle lease contracts. Otherwise, lease and non-lease components are combined and accounted as a single lease component.

Leases with terms of 12 months or less that do not contain an option to purchase the underlying asset at the end of the lease term that the Company intends to exercise are not recognized on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets; lease payments are recognized as expenses in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Provision for environmental remediation
Provision for environmental remediation
Environmental remediation accruals, covering site-specific remediation programs, are recorded on an undiscounted basis unless a reliably determinable estimate of the amount and timing of costs can be established. The accruals are recorded when the costs to remediate are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Certain future costs to monitor sites are discounted at an adjusted risk-free rate. Provisions for environmental remediation costs are recognized in "Other long-term liabilities", except for the current portion, which is recognized in "Accounts payable and accrued liabilities".
Pensions and other benefits
Pensions and other benefits
Obligations and net periodic benefit (recovery) cost for the Company's defined benefit pension plans are actuarially determined using the projected benefit method, pro-rated over the credited service periods of employees. This method incorporates management’s best estimates of actuarial assumptions, such as discount rates, salary and other cost escalations, employees' retirement ages and mortality. The discount rates are based on blended market interest rates on high-quality debt instruments with matching cash flows.
Plan assets are measured at fair value. The expected return on plan assets is calculated using market-related asset values, developed from a five-year average of adjusted market values for the fund’s public equity securities and absolute return strategies, plus the market value of the fund’s other asset classes, subject to the market-related asset value not being greater than 120% nor less than 80% of the market value.

Actuarial gains and losses arise from the difference between the actual and expected return on plan assets, and changes in the measurement of the benefit obligation. Periodic net actuarial gains and losses and prior service costs are accumulated and presented as a component of AOCI on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Obligations and net periodic benefit (recovery) cost for the Company's other post-retirement and post-employment benefits are actuarially determined on a similar basis.

The funded status of the Company's defined benefit pension plans, measured for each plan as the difference between the fair value of the plan's assets and projected benefit obligation, is reported on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Components of net periodic benefit (recovery) cost recognized in "Operating income" in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income include:
current service costs for defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefits, and the Company's contributions to defined contribution pension plans, which are recognized in "Compensation and benefits" expense; and
current service costs for self-insured workers' compensation and long-term disability benefits, which are recognized in "Purchased services and other" expense.

Other components of net periodic benefit recovery (cost) recognized outside of "Operating income" in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income are:
interest cost on benefit obligation;
expected return on plan assets;
recognition of net actuarial gains and losses in excess of 10% of the greater of the projected benefit obligation and the market-related value of pension plan assets, over the expected average remaining service period of the plan's active employee group (approximately 13 years);
amortization of prior service costs arising from collectively bargained amendments to pension plan benefit provisions (over the term of the applicable union agreement) and from all other sources (over the expected average remaining service period of active employees who are expected to receive benefits under the plan at the date of the amendment);
gains and losses on post-employment benefits that do not vest or accumulate, including certain workers' compensation and long-term disability benefits in Canada; and
the effects of special termination benefits.
Stock-based compensation
Stock-based compensation
Stock options
The cost of awards of equity-settled employee stock options is measured based on their grant date fair values. "Compensation and benefits" expense, with a corresponding increase to "Additional paid-in capital" in "Shareholders' equity", is recognized over the shorter of the vesting period or the period from the grant date to the date the employee becomes eligible to retire. The grant date fair value is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Forfeitures are estimated at the grant date, and changes in the estimate of forfeitures in subsequent reporting periods are recognized as adjustments to "Compensation and benefits" expense in the reporting period that the change in estimate occurs. As stock options are exercised, the related amount accumulated in "Additional paid-in capital" is reclassified to "Share Capital" and the proceeds are recognized in "Share Capital".

Share units
The Company also issues cash-settled awards, including deferred share units ("DSUs"), performance share units ("PSUs") and performance deferred share units ("PDSUs"), for which a liability is remeasured each financial reporting period until settlement.

For DSUs, "Compensation and benefits" expense is recognized over the shorter of the vesting term, or the period from the grant date to the date the employee is eligible to retire, based on the number of units outstanding and the closing price of CPKC's Common Shares on the reporting date. For PSUs and PDSUs, fair values are recognized for units that are probable of vesting, based on forecasted performance factors, and "Compensation and benefits" expense is recognized over the performance period. Forfeitures of share units are estimated at the grant date, and changes in the estimate of forfeitures in subsequent periods are recognized as adjustments to "Compensation and benefits" expense in the period that the change in estimate occurs.

Share purchase plan
The Company's contributions to the employee share purchase plan gives rise to compensation expense that is recognized at the issue price and recognized as "Compensation and benefits" expense over a one year vesting period.
Adoption of new standards & New pronouncements
Accounting pronouncements that became effective during the reporting period did not materially change the reported amounts of "Operating income", "Net income", or "Earnings per share".

Recently issued accounting standards that will become effective in future reporting periods are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements when they are adopted.
v3.25.4
Revenues (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table presents disaggregated information about the Company’s revenues from contracts with customers by major source:
For the year ended December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars)2025 20242023 
Grain$3,217 $3,012 $2,496 
Coal1,025 943 859 
Potash640 614 566 
Fertilizers and sulphur423 406 385 
Forest products792 816 696 
Energy, chemicals and plastics2,898 2,851 2,301 
Metals, minerals and consumer products1,792 1,777 1,579 
Automotive1,310 1,280 934 
Intermodal2,679 2,524 2,465 
Total freight revenues14,776 14,223 12,281 
Non-freight excluding leasing revenues193 191 161 
Revenues from contracts with customers14,969 14,414 12,442 
Leasing revenues109 132 113 
Total revenues$15,078 $14,546 $12,555 
v3.25.4
Other (income) expense (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]  
Other (income) expense
For the year ended December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars)202520242023
Loss on foreign currency forward contract (Note 18)
$ $$39 
Other FX gains(14)(6)(12)
Acquisition-related costs
 — 
Gain on debt repurchases (Note 17) (22)— 
Other13 (18)19 
Other (income) expense$(1)$(42)$52 
v3.25.4
Income taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Summary of the Major Components of the Company's Income Tax Expense
The following is a summary of the major components of the Company’s income tax expense (recovery):

For the year ended December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars)202520242023
Current income tax expense$1,174 $1,031 $909 
Deferred income tax expense (recovery)
Reversal of outside basis deferred income tax (Note 11)
 — (7,832)
Origination and reversal of temporary differences214 65 53 
Effect of tax rate decrease(7)(70)(72)
Effect of hedge of net investment in foreign subsidiaries and equity-method investees (Note 9)
(31)36 (22)
Other(5)(3)(12)
Total deferred income tax expense (recovery)171 28 (7,885)
Total income tax expense (recovery)$1,345 $1,059 $(6,976)
Income (loss) before income tax expense (recovery)
Canada$2,495 $2,426 $2,359 
Foreign2,987 2,346 (5,412)
Total income (loss) before income tax expense (recovery)5,482 4,772 (3,053)
Income tax expense (recovery)
Current
Canada369 409 377 
Foreign805 622 532 
Total current income tax expense1,174 1,031 909 
Deferred
Canada286 206 238 
Foreign(115)(178)(8,123)
Total deferred income tax expense (recovery) 171 28 (7,885)
Total income tax expense (recovery)1,345 1,059 (6,976)
Canada - Federal(1)
379   
Canada - Provincial(1)
276   
Foreign690   
Total income tax expense (recovery)$1,345 $1,059 $(6,976)
(1)    Disaggregation of domestic federal and provincial income tax expense in accordance with the prospective adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures effective January 1, 2025.
Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities The items comprising the deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
As at December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars)20252024
Deferred income tax assets
Tax losses and other attributes carried forward$290 $298 
Liabilities carrying value in excess of tax basis259 300 
Environmental remediation costs47 50 
Unrealized foreign exchange losses26 57 
Other17 10 
Total deferred income tax assets639 715 
Less: Valuation allowance(38)(57)
Total net deferred income tax assets$601 $658 
Deferred income tax liabilities
Properties carrying value in excess of tax basis9,910 10,155 
Pensions carrying value in excess of tax basis1,228 1,084 
Intangibles carrying value in excess of tax basis764 824 
Investments carrying value in excess of tax basis452 498 
Other76 71 
Total deferred income tax liabilities12,430 12,632 
Total net deferred income tax liabilities$11,829 $11,974 
Expected Income Tax Expense Reconciled to Income Tax Expense
The Company’s consolidated effective tax rate differs from the expected Canadian federal statutory tax rate. Expected income tax expense at the Canadian federal statutory rate is reconciled to income tax expense as follows for 2025(1):

For the year ended December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage)2025
Canadian federal statutory income tax rate(2)
$822 15.00 %
Provincial tax effects(3)
276 5.03 %
Foreign tax effects
United States
Statutory rate difference between the United States and Canada65 1.19 %
State and local income taxes43 0.78 %
Tax credits(51)(0.93) %
Other10 0.18 %
Mexico
Statutory rate difference between Mexico and Canada158 2.88 %
Inflation(4)
(48)(0.88)%
Other33 0.60 %
Switzerland
Statutory rate difference between Switzerland and Canada(52)(0.95)%
Cantonal and local income taxes27 0.49 %
Other34 0.62 %
Other jurisdictions25 0.46 %
Nontaxable or nondeductible items11 0.20 %
Changes in unrecognized tax benefits(1)(0.02)%
Tax credits(2)(0.04)%
Other(5)(0.09)%
Effective tax rate$1,345 24.54 %
(1)    Rate reconciliation provided in accordance with the prospective adoption of ASU 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures effective January 1, 2025.
(2)     The Canadian federal statutory income tax rate is comprised of basic federal tax rate 38%, federal abatement (10%), and general rate reduction (13%).
(3)    The majority of the provincial tax effects are derived from Ontario, Saskatchewan and British Columbia.
(4)    Tax impact from inflation adjustment required for Mexico tax purposes.
The Company’s consolidated effective tax rate differs from the expected Canadian statutory tax rates. Expected income tax expense (recovery) at statutory rates is reconciled to income tax expense (recovery) as follows for 2024 and 2023:

For the year ended December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage)20242023
Statutory federal and provincial income tax rate (Canada)26.11 %26.11 %
Expected income tax expense (recovery) at Canadian enacted statutory tax rates$1,246 $(797)
(Decrease) increase in taxes resulting from:
Reversal of outside basis deferred income tax (Note 11)
— (7,832)
Remeasurement loss of Kansas City Southern— 1,873 
(Gains) losses not subject to tax(10)10 
Canadian tax rate differentials(17)(14)
Foreign tax rate differentials(41)(62)
Effect of tax rate decrease(70)(72)
Deduction for dividends taxed on outside basis— (68)
Unrecognized tax benefits(10)
Inflation in Mexico(33)(31)
Valuation allowance
Other(24)26 
Income tax expense (recovery) $1,059 $(6,976)
Reconciliation of Uncertain Tax Positions in Relation to Unrecognized Tax Benefits
The following table provides a reconciliation of uncertain tax positions in relation to unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31:

(in millions of Canadian dollars)202520242023
Unrecognized tax benefits at January 1$29 $22 $20 
Increase in unrecognized:
Tax benefits related to the current year1 
Tax benefits related to prior years1 14 10 
Tax benefits acquired with KCS — 
Dispositions:
Gross uncertain tax benefits related to prior years(4)(1)(6)
Settlements with taxing authorities (7)(6)
Unrecognized tax benefits at December 31$27 $29 $22 
Schedule of Income Taxes Paid
The following table provides income taxes paid (net of refunds received) for the year ended December 31(1):

For the year ended December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars)2025
Canada
Federal$219 
Provincial162 
U.S.
Federal246 
State55 
Mexico346 
Switzerland
Federal 65 
Cantonal and local 37 
Other jurisdictions25 
Total income tax paid$1,155 
(1)    Income taxes paid (net of refunds received) provided in accordance with the prospective adoption of ASU 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures effective January 1, 2025.
v3.25.4
Earnings per share (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Number of Shares Used in the Earnings Per Share Calculations
For the year ended December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars, except per share data)202520242023
Net income attributable to controlling shareholders$4,141 $3,718 $3,927 
Weighted-average basic shares outstanding (millions)916.2 933.0 931.3 
Dilutive effect of stock options (millions)0.9 1.6 2.4 
Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding (millions)917.1 934.6 933.7 
Basic earnings per share$4.52 $3.98 $4.22 
Diluted earnings per share$4.51 $3.98 $4.21 
v3.25.4
Other comprehensive income (loss) and Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Equity [Abstract]  
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The components of Other comprehensive (loss) income and the related tax effects attributable to controlling shareholders are as follows:

(in millions of Canadian dollars)Before
tax amount
Income tax (expense) recovery Net of tax
amount
For the year ended December 31, 2025
FX (loss) gain on:
Translation of net investment in U.S. subsidiaries and equity method investees$(1,846)$ $(1,846)
Translation of U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries and equity method investees (Note 18)
293 (31)262 
Realized loss on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges recognized in income(1) (1)
Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses180 (48)132 
Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs5 (1)4 
Equity accounted investments7  7 
Other comprehensive loss$(1,362)$(80)$(1,442)
For the year ended December 31, 2024
FX gain (loss) on:
Translation of net investment in U.S. subsidiaries and equity method investees$2,920 $— $2,920 
Translation of U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries and equity method investees (Note 18)
(380)36 (344)
Realized gain on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges recognized in income(1)
Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses990 (257)733 
Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs(11)(8)
Equity accounted investments(8)— (8)
Other comprehensive income$3,517 $(219)$3,298 
For the year ended December 31, 2023
FX (loss) gain on:
Translation of net investment in U.S. subsidiaries and equity method investees$(840)$— $(840)
Translation of U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries and equity method investees (Note 18)
194 (22)172 
Realized gain on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges recognized in income(2)
Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses(57)16 (41)
Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs(16)(12)
Equity accounted investments— 
Other comprehensive loss$(705)$(4)$(709)
Schedule of Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Loss by Component, Net of Tax
Changes in AOCI attributable to controlling shareholders, net of tax, by component are as follows:

(in millions of Canadian dollars)
Foreign currency
net of hedging
activities
Derivatives
Pension and post-
retirement defined
benefit plans
Equity accounted investmentsTotal
Opening balance, January 1, 2025$3,413 $10 $(738)$(5)$2,680 
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications(1,584) 129 7 (1,448)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (1)7  6 
Net other comprehensive (loss) income(1,584)(1)136 7 (1,442)
Balance as at December 31, 2025$1,829 $9 $(602)$2 $1,238 
Opening balance, January 1, 2024$837 $$(1,463)$$(618)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications2,576 — 690 (8)3,258 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI— 35 — 40 
Net other comprehensive income (loss) 2,576 725 (8)3,298 
Balance as at December 31, 2024$3,413 $10 $(738)$(5)$2,680 
v3.25.4
Accounts receivable, net (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Receivables [Abstract]  
Schedule of Accounts Receivable, Net
As at December 31, 2025As at December 31, 2024
(in millions of Canadian dollars)FreightNon-freightTotalFreightNon-freightTotal
Total accounts receivable$1,722 $424 $2,146 $1,635 $431 $2,066 
Allowance for credit losses(91)(26)(117)(75)(23)(98)
Total accounts receivable, net$1,631 $398 $2,029 $1,560 $408 $1,968 
v3.25.4
Business acquisition (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Business Combination, Asset Acquisition, Transaction between Entities under Common Control, and Joint Venture Formation [Abstract]  
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transaction
The following table summarizes the final purchase price allocation with the amounts recognized in respect of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and non-controlling interest assumed on the Control Date, as well as the fair value of the previously held equity interest in KCS and the measurement period adjustments recorded:

(in millions of Canadian dollars)Preliminary allocation - April 14, 2023Measurement period adjustmentsFinal allocation
Net assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents$298 $— $298 
Net working capital51 (161)(110)
Properties28,748 28,749 
Intangible assets3,022 — 3,022 
Other long-term assets496 (6)490 
Debt including debt maturing within one year(4,545)— (4,545)
Deferred income taxes(6,984)62 (6,922)
Other long-term liabilities(406)(37)(443)
Total identifiable net assets$20,680 $(141)$20,539 
Goodwill17,491 141 17,632 
$38,171 $— $38,171 
Consideration:
Fair value of previously held equity method investment$37,227 $— $37,227 
Intercompany payable balance, net acquired12 — 12 
Fair value of non-controlling interest932 — 932 
Total$38,171 $— $38,171 
Business Combination, Pro Forma Information
On a pro forma basis, if the Company had consolidated KCS beginning on January 1, 2022, the revenue and net income attributable to controlling shareholders of the combined entity would be as follows for the year ended December 31, 2023:

For the year ended December 31, 2023
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
KCS Historical(1)
Pro Forma CPKC
Revenue$1,351 $13,909 
Net income attributable to controlling shareholders280 3,174 
(1)    KCS's historical amounts in U.S. dollars were translated into Canadian dollars at the Bank of Canada average exchange rate for the period from January 1 to April 13, 2023 with an effective exchange rate of $1.35.
v3.25.4
Investment in Kansas City Southern (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]  
Summarized Financial Information
The following table presents summarized financial information for KCS, on its historical cost basis:

(in millions of Canadian dollars)(1)
For the period January 1 to April 13, 2023
Total revenues$1,351 
Total operating expenses888 
Operating income 463 
Other(2)
83 
Income before income taxes380 
Net income attributable to controlling shareholders $280 
(1)    KCS's historical amounts in U.S. dollars were translated into Canadian dollars at the Bank of Canada average exchange rate for the period from January 1 to April 13, 2023 with an effective exchange rate of $1.35.
(2)    Includes Equity in net earnings of KCS's affiliates, Interest expense, FX loss, and Other income, net.
v3.25.4
Properties (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Properties
202520252024
As at December 31
(in millions of Canadian dollars except percentages)
Weighted-average annual depreciation rateCostAccumulated
depreciation
Net book
value
CostAccumulated
depreciation
Net book
value
Track and roadway2.7 %$46,283 $8,306 $37,977 $46,646 $7,741 $38,905 
Rolling stock3.9 %9,196 1,974 7,222 8,723 1,880 6,843 
LandN/A3,663  3,663 3,765 — 3,765 
Concession land rights1.4 %1,843 67 1,776 1,935 45 1,890 
Buildings2.8 %1,990 322 1,668 1,927 319 1,608 
Other6.1 %4,673 1,656 3,017 4,493 1,480 3,013 
Total$67,648 $12,325 $55,323 $67,489 $11,465 $56,024 

Concession assets included within each asset group of Properties shown above are as follows:

20252024
As at December 31
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
CostAccumulated
depreciation
Net book
value
CostAccumulated
depreciation
Net book
value
Track and roadway$7,591 $451 $7,140 $7,871 $302 $7,569 
Concession land rights1,843 67 1,776 1,935 45 1,890 
Buildings245 28 217 249 20 229 
Other120 14 106 157 148 
Total$9,799 $560 $9,239 $10,212 $376 $9,836 

Finance lease ROU assets

20252024
As at December 31
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
CostAccumulated
depreciation
Net book
value
CostAccumulated
depreciation
Net book
value
Rolling stock$188 $102 $86 $186 $90 $96 
Other18 4 14 
Total ROU assets held under finance lease$206 $106 $100 $194 $92 $102 
v3.25.4
Goodwill (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Goodwill
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
Balance as at December 31, 2023$17,729 
Addition (Note 11)67 
FX impact1,554 
Balance as at December 31, 202419,350 
FX impact(914)
Balance as at December 31, 2025$18,436 
v3.25.4
Intangible assets (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
Cost(1)
Accumulated
amortization
Net carrying amount
Balance as at December 31, 2023$3,061 $(87)$2,974 
Amortization— (85)(85)
FX impact254 257 
Balance as at December 31, 20243,315 (169)3,146 
Amortization— (87)(87)
FX impact(158)10 (148)
Balance as at December 31, 2025$3,157 $(246)$2,911 
(1)    As at December 31, 2025, the Company held $1,863 million (2024 - $1,956 million) of Intangible assets not subject to amortization.
Schedule of Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
Cost(1)
Accumulated
amortization
Net carrying amount
Balance as at December 31, 2023$3,061 $(87)$2,974 
Amortization— (85)(85)
FX impact254 257 
Balance as at December 31, 20243,315 (169)3,146 
Amortization— (87)(87)
FX impact(158)10 (148)
Balance as at December 31, 2025$3,157 $(246)$2,911 
(1)    As at December 31, 2025, the Company held $1,863 million (2024 - $1,956 million) of Intangible assets not subject to amortization.
Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
2026$85 
202785 
202885 
202985 
203085 
2031 and thereafter
623 
Total $1,048 
v3.25.4
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]  
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities
As at December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars)20252024
Trade payables$682 $768 
Accrued charges597 732 
Income and other taxes payable459 379 
Dividends payable204 177 
Accrued interest195 167 
Payroll-related accruals122 151 
Accrued vacation116 99 
Operating lease liabilities (Note 20)
111 112 
Personal injury and other claims provision78 78 
Stock-based compensation liabilities73 58 
Other114 121 
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities$2,751 $2,842 
v3.25.4
Debt (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Long-term Debt
The following table outlines the Company's outstanding long-term debt as at December 31, 2025:
(in millions of Canadian dollars except percentages)MaturityCurrency in which payable20252024
2.90%
10-year Notes
(A)Feb 2025U.S.$$ $924 
3.70%
10.5-year Notes
(A)Feb 2026U.S.$343 360 
3.125%
10-year Notes
(A)Jun 2026U.S.$309 320 
1.75%
5-year Notes
(A)Dec 2026U.S.$1,370 1,438 
2.54%
6.3-year Notes
(A)Feb 2028CDN$1,200 1,200 
4.00%
10-year Notes
(A)Jun 2028U.S.$685 719 
3.15%
10-year Notes
(A)Mar 2029CDN$400 400 
2.875%
10-year Notes
(A)Nov 2029U.S.$533 551 
2.05%
10-year Notes
(A)Mar 2030U.S.$685 719 
4.80%
5-year Notes
(A)Mar 2030U.S.$821 — 
7.125%
30-year Debentures
(A)Oct 2031U.S.$480 503 
2.45%
10-year Notes
(A)Dec 2031U.S.$1,918 2,014 
4.00%
7-year Notes
(A)Jun 2032CDN$500 — 
5.75%
30-year Debentures
(A)Mar 2033U.S.$339 355 
5.20%
10-year Notes
(A)Mar 2035U.S.$818 — 
4.80%
20-year Notes
(A)Sep 2035U.S.$410 431 
4.40%
10.5-year Notes
(A)Jan 2036CDN$600 — 
5.95%
30-year Notes
(A)May 2037U.S.$612 642 
6.45%
30-year Notes
(A)Nov 2039CDN$400 400 
3.00%
20-year Notes
(A)Dec 2041U.S.$1,365 1,433 
5.75%
30-year Notes
(A)Jan 2042U.S.$338 355 
4.30%
30-year Notes
(A)May 2043U.S.$539 563 
4.80%
30-year Notes
(A)Aug 2045U.S.$752 790 
4.95%
30-year Notes
(A)Aug 2045U.S.$597 626 
4.70%
30-year Notes
(A)May 2048U.S.$623 653 
3.05%
30-year Notes
(A)Mar 2050CDN$298 298 
3.50%
30-year Notes
(A)May 2050U.S.$566 591 
3.10%
30-year Notes
(A)Dec 2051U.S.$2,388 2,507 
4.80%
30-year Notes
(A)Jun 2055CDN$298 — 
4.20%
50-year Notes
(A)Nov 2069U.S.$461 484 
6.125%
100-year Notes
(A)Sep 2115U.S.$1,234 1,295 
2.875% - 4.95%
Other Senior Notes(A)up to Nov 2069U.S.$110 114 
2.96% - 4.29%
RRIF Loans(B)up to Feb 2037U.S.$60 69 
Obligations under finance leases:
Various(C)VariousCDN$/U.S.$7 
2.32%(C)Sep 2026U.S.$2 
6.57%(C)Dec 2026U.S.$8 16 
2.91%(C)Mar 2027CDN$3 — 
12.77%(C)Jan 2031CDN$3 
1.93%(C)Feb 2041U.S.$4 
Commercial PaperU.S.$1,165 1,586 
Short-term BorrowingU.S.$ 288 
23,244 22,663 
Perpetual 4% Consolidated Debenture Stock
(D)U.S.$41 44 
Perpetual 4% Consolidated Debenture Stock
(D)£6 
23,291 22,713 
Unamortized fees on long-term debt(103)(90)
23,188 22,623 
Less: Long-term debt maturing within one year3,240 2,819 
Total long-term debt$19,948 $19,804 
v3.25.4
Other long-term liabilities (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Other Long-Term Liabilities
As at December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars)20252024
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion (Note 20)
$299 $254 
Provision for environmental remediation, net of current portion(1)
218 231 
Stock-based compensation liabilities, net of current portion118 177 
Deferred lease and license revenue, net of current portion(2)
50 67 
Deferred revenue, net of current portion
22 20 
Other, net of current portion108 118 
Total other long-term liabilities$815 $867 
(1)    As at December 31, 2025, the aggregate provision for environmental remediation, including the current portion was $241 million (2024 - $257 million).
(2)    The deferred lease and license revenue is being amortized to income on a straight-line basis over the related lease terms.
v3.25.4
Leases (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Leases [Abstract]  
Components of Lease Expense
Components of lease expense recognized in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31 are as follows:

(in millions of Canadian dollars)202520242023
Operating lease cost$115 $111 $94 
Short-term lease cost19 19 29 
Variable lease cost5 16 10 
Sublease income(1)(2)(1)
Finance lease cost
Amortization of ROU assets14 11 10 
Interest on lease liabilities1 
Total lease costs$153 $157 $144 
Supplemental Balance Sheet Information
ROU Assets and Lease Liabilities recognized in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows:

As at December 31
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
Classification20252024
 ROU Assets
Operating leasesOther assets (long-term)$422 $364 
Finance leasesProperties100 102 
Lease Liabilities
Current liabilities
Operating leasesAccounts payable and accrued liabilities111 112 
Finance leasesLong-term debt maturing within one year17 14 
Long-term liabilities
Operating leasesOther long-term liabilities299 254 
Finance leasesLong-term debt 10 21 
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Terms and Discount Rates
The following table provides the Company's weighted-average remaining lease terms and discount rates:

20252024
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases5 years4 years
Finance leases4 years4 years
Weighted-Average Discount Rate
Operating leases3.41 %3.61 %
Finance leases5.30 %5.39 %
Supplemental Information Related to Leases
Cash Flow information related to leases is as follows:

As at December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars)202520242023
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash outflows from operating leases$127 $114 $96 
Operating cash outflows from finance leases1 
Financing cash outflows from finance leases11 13 13 
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities
Operating leases$191 $105 $62 
Maturities of Lease Liabilities
The following table provides the maturities of lease liabilities for the next five years and thereafter as at December 31, 2025:

(in millions of Canadian dollars)Finance leasesOperating leases
2026$18 $143 
2027111 
202883 
202954 
203039 
Thereafter58 
Total lease future payments30 488 
Imputed interest(3)(78)
Present value of future lease payments$27 $410 
v3.25.4
Shareholders' equity (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Equity [Abstract]  
Summary of Information Related to Common Share Balances
The following table summarizes information related to Common Share balances:

(number of Shares in millions)202520242023
Share capital, January 1933.5 932.1 930.5 
Common Shares repurchased(37.3)— — 
Common Shares issued under stock option plans1.4 1.4 1.6 
Share capital, December 31897.6 933.5 932.1 
Schedule of Shares Repurchase Program Activity
The following table provides activities under the share repurchase program:

2025
Number of Common Shares repurchased37,348,539 
Weighted-average price per share(1)
$107.61 
Amount of repurchase (in millions of Canadian dollars)(1)
$4,019 
(1)    Includes brokerage fees and applicable tax on share repurchases
v3.25.4
Change in non-cash working capital balances related to operations (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract]  
Changes In Non-cash Working Capital Balances Related To Operations
For the year ended December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars)202520242023
Source (use) of cash:
Accounts receivable, net$32 $(133)$(317)
Materials and supplies(53)(36)
Other current assets96 (9)(49)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(271)202 57 
Change in non-cash working capital balances related to operations$(196)$24 $(308)
v3.25.4
Pensions and other benefits (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Net Periodic Benefit Cost
The elements of net periodic benefit (recovery) cost for DB pension plans and other benefits recognized in the year include the following components:

 PensionsOther benefitsTotal
For the year ended December 31
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
202520242023202520242023202520242023
Current service cost$85 $84 $71 $13 $13 $10 $98 $97 $81 
Other components of net periodic benefit (recovery) cost:
Interest cost on benefit obligation466 468 486 22 23 22 488 491 508 
Expected return on plan assets(926)(891)(882) — — (926)(891)(882)
Recognized net actuarial loss7 40 32 2 13 9 41 45 
Amortization of prior service costs5  — — 5 
Effects of special termination benefits9 — —  — — 9 — — 
Total other components of net periodic benefit (recovery) cost(439)(376)(362)24 24 35 (415)(352)(327)
Net periodic benefit (recovery) cost$(354)$(292)$(291)$37 $37 $45 $(317)$(255)$(246)
Schedule of Changes in Projected Benefit Obligation
Information about the Company’s DB pension plans and other benefits, in aggregate, is as follows:

 PensionsOther benefitsTotal
(in millions of Canadian dollars)202520242025202420252024
Change in projected benefit obligation:
Projected benefit obligation as at January 1$10,166 $10,306 $439 $463 $10,605 $10,769 
Current service cost85 84 13 13 98 97 
Interest cost466 468 22 23 488 491 
Employee contributions51 50  — 51 50 
Benefits paid(663)(659)(36)(36)(699)(695)
Foreign currency changes(8)15 1 (1)(7)14 
Release due to settlement — (2)— (2)— 
Effects of special termination benefits9 —  — 9 — 
Plan amendments and other 18  —  18 
Net actuarial gain(286)(116) (23)(286)(139)
Projected benefit obligation as at December 31$9,820 $10,166 $437 $439 $10,257 $10,605 
Schedule of Changes in Fund Assets
 PensionsOther benefitsTotal
(in millions of Canadian dollars)202520242025202420252024
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets as at January 1$14,592 $13,472 $6 $$14,598 $13,478 
Actual return on plan assets809 1,701  809 1,702 
Employer contributions13 13 38 35 51 48 
Employee contributions51 50  — 51 50 
Benefits paid(663)(659)(36)(36)(699)(695)
Foreign currency changes(8)15  — (8)15 
Release due to settlement — (2)— (2)— 
Fair value of plan assets as at December 31$14,794 $14,592 $6 $$14,800 $14,598 
Funded status - plan surplus (deficit)$4,974 $4,426 $(431)$(433)$4,543 $3,993 
Funded Status of Pension Plans
The table below shows the aggregate pension projected benefit obligation and aggregate fair value of plan assets for pension plans with fair value of plan assets in excess of projected benefit obligations (i.e. surplus), and for pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of fair value of plan assets (i.e. deficit):

 20252024
(in millions of Canadian dollars)Pension plans 
in surplus
Pension plans 
in deficit
Pension plans
in surplus
Pension plans
in deficit
Projected benefit obligation as at December 31$(9,549)$(271)$(9,725)$(441)
Fair value of plan assets as at December 3114,678 116 14,311 281 
Funded status$5,129 $(155)$4,586 $(160)
Pension Asset and Liabilities in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets
Amounts recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows:

 PensionsOther benefitsTotal
As at December 31
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
202520242025202420252024
Pension asset$5,129 $4,586 $ $— $5,129 $4,586 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(11)(10)(38)(35)(49)(45)
Pension and other benefit liabilities(144)(150)(393)(398)(537)(548)
Total amount recognized$4,974 $4,426 $(431)$(433)$4,543 $3,993 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Amounts recognized in AOCI are as follows:

 PensionsOther benefitsTotal
As at December 31
(in millions of Canadian dollars)
202520242025202420252024
Net actuarial (loss) gain:
Other than deferred investment (losses) gains$(1,383)$(1,501)$54 $52 $(1,329)$(1,449)
Deferred investment gains464 405  — 464 405 
Prior service cost(53)(58) (1)(53)(59)
Deferred income tax expense (recovery)329 377 (13)(12)316 365 
Total (Note 9)
$(643)$(777)$41 $39 $(602)$(738)
Actuarial Assumptions
Weighted-average actuarial assumptions used were approximately:

(percentages)202520242023
Benefit obligation as at December 31:
Discount rate4.94 4.68 4.64 
Projected future salary increases2.75 2.75 2.75 
Health care cost trend rate5.00 5.00 5.00 
Benefit cost for year ended December 31:
Discount rate4.68 4.64 5.01 
Expected rate of return on plan assets(1)
6.70 6.70 6.90 
Projected future salary increases2.75 2.75 2.75 
Health care cost trend rate5.00 5.00 5.00 
(1)    The expected rate of return on plan assets that will be used to compute the 2026 net periodic benefit recovery is 6.70%.
Pension Plan Asset Allocation and Weighted-average Policy Ranges
The Company’s pension plan asset allocation, the weighted-average asset allocation targets, and the weighted-average policy range for each major asset class at year-end were as follows:

 Percentage of plan assets
 as at December 31
Asset allocation (percentages)Asset allocation targetPolicy range20252024
Cash and cash equivalents2.6 
0 - 10
2.1 2.2 
Fixed income38.3 
26 - 43
36.2 36.0 
Public equity29.6 
25 - 40
31.2 30.7 
Real estate and infrastructure14.7 
6 - 20
12.1 11.7 
Private debt7.4 
3 - 13
7.5 7.9 
Absolute return7.4 
3 - 13
10.9 11.5 
Total100.0 100.0 100.0 
Summary of the Assets of the Company's DB Pension Plans
The following is a summary of the assets of the Company’s DB pension plans as at December 31, 2025 and 2024. As at December 31, 2025 and 2024, there were no plan assets classified as Level 3 valued investments.

Assets Measured at Fair Value
Investments
measured at NAV(1)
Total Plan
Assets
(in millions of Canadian dollars)Quoted prices in
active markets
for identical assets (Level 1)
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)
December 31, 2025
Cash and cash equivalents$316 $ $ $316 
Fixed income
Government bonds(2)
207 2,445  2,652 
Corporate bonds(2)
811 1,292  2,103 
Mortgages(3)
203   203 
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities(4)
 402  402 
Public equities
Canada490   490 
U.S. and international4,127   4,127 
Real estate(5)
  507 507 
Infrastructure(6)
  1,276 1,276 
Private debt(7)
  1,110 1,110 
Derivative instruments(8)
 (8) (8)
Absolute return(9)
Funds of hedge funds  1,616 1,616 
$6,154 $4,131 $4,509 $14,794 
December 31, 2024
Cash and cash equivalents$324 $— $— $324 
Fixed income
Government bonds(2)
192 2,541 — 2,733 
Corporate bonds(2)
690 1,291 — 1,981 
Mortgages(3)
194 — — 194 
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities(4)
— 356 — 356 
Public equities
Canada482 — — 482 
U.S. and international3,997 — — 3,997 
Real estate(5)
— — 521 521 
Infrastructure(6)
— — 1,194 1,194 
Private debt(7)
— — 1,146 1,146 
Derivative instruments(8)
— (9)— (9)
Absolute return(9)
Funds of hedge funds— — 1,673 1,673 
$5,879 $4,179 $4,534 $14,592 
(1)    Investments measured at net asset value ("NAV"):
Amounts are comprised of certain investments measured using NAV (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient. These investments have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
(2)    Government & Corporate Bonds:
Fair values for bonds are based on market prices supplied by independent sources as of the last trading day.
(3)    Mortgages:
The fair values of mortgages are based on current market yields of financial instruments of similar maturity, coupon and risk factors.
(4)    Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities:
The fair values of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities are determined based on valuations from pricing sources that incorporate broker-dealer quotations, reported trades or valuation estimates from their internal pricing models which consider tranche-level attributes, current market data, estimated cash flows, and market-based yield spreads and incorporate deal collateral performance, as available.
(5)    Real estate:
Real estate fund values are based on the NAV of the funds that invest directly in real estate investments. The values of the investments have been estimated using the capital accounts representing the plans' ownership interest in the funds. Of the total, $407 million is subject to redemption frequencies ranging from monthly to annually and a redemption notice period of 90 days (2024 - $435 million). The remaining $100 million is not subject to redemption and is normally returned through distributions as a result of the liquidation of the underlying real estate investments (2024 - $86 million). As at December 31, 2025, there are $262 million of unfunded commitments for real estate investments (December 31, 2024 - $309 million).
(6)    Infrastructure:
Infrastructure fund values are based on the NAV of the funds that invest directly in infrastructure investments. The values of the investments have been estimated using the capital accounts representing the plans' ownership interest in the funds. Of the total, $644 million is subject to redemption frequencies ranging from monthly to annually and a redemption notice period of 90 days (2024 - $606 million). The remaining $632 million is not subject to redemption and is normally returned through distributions as a result of the liquidation of the underlying infrastructure investments (2024 - $588 million). As at December 31, 2025, there are $248 million of unfunded commitments for infrastructure investments (December 31, 2024 - $205 million).
(7)    Private debt:
Private debt fund values are based on the NAV of the funds that invest directly in private debt investments. The values of the investments have been estimated using the capital accounts representing the plans' ownership interest in the funds. Of the total, $61 million is subject to redemption frequencies ranging from monthly to annually and a redemption notice period of 90 days (2024 - $115 million). The remaining $1,049 million is not subject to redemption and is normally returned through distributions as a result of the repayment of the underlying loans (2024 - $1,031 million). As at December 31, 2025, there are $598 million of unfunded commitments for private debt investments (December 31, 2024 - $764 million).
(8)    Derivative Instruments:
The investment managers may utilize the following derivative instruments: equity futures to replicate equity index returns (Level 2); currency forwards to partially hedge foreign currency exposures (Level 2); bond futures and forwards to manage duration and interest rate risk (Level 2); interest rate swaps to manage duration and interest rate risk (Level 2); credit default swaps to manage credit risk (Level 2); and options to manage interest rate risk and volatility (Level 2). The Company may utilize derivatives directly, but only for the purpose of hedging foreign currency exposures. One of the fixed income investment managers utilizes a portfolio of bond forwards for the purpose of reducing asset/liability interest rate exposure. As at December 31, 2025, there are bond forwards with a notional value of $420 million (December 31, 2024 - $555 million) and a fair value of $(14) million (December 31, 2024 - $2 million).
(9)    Absolute return:
The value of absolute return fund investments is based on the NAV reported by the fund administrators. The funds have different redemption policies with redemption notice periods varying from 30 to 120 days and frequencies ranging from monthly to triennially.
Estimated Future Benefit Payments
The estimated future DB pension and other benefit payments to be paid by the plans for each of the next five years and the subsequent five-year period are as follows:

(in millions of Canadian dollars)PensionsOther benefits
2026$679 $39 
2027672 33 
2028676 33 
2029666 32 
2030663 32 
2031-2035
3,279 159 
v3.25.4
Stock-based compensation (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Summary of Stock Option Plan
The following table summarizes the activity related to the stock options during 2025:

Options outstandingNon-vested options
Number of
stock options
Weighted-average
exercise price
Number of
stock options
Weighted-average
grant date
fair value
Outstanding, January 1, 2025
5,734,600 $86.59 2,043,630 $27.68 
Granted967,335 $107.65 967,335 $28.81 
Exercised(1,395,289)$52.19 N/AN/A
VestedN/AN/A(879,620)$25.25 
Forfeited(33,387)$89.76 (33,387)$23.86 
Outstanding, December 31, 2025
5,273,259 $96.68 2,097,958 $29.32 
Vested or expected to vest at December 31, 2025(1)
5,228,360 $96.59 N/AN/A
Exercisable, December 31, 2025
3,175,301 $89.02 N/AN/A
(1)    As at December 31, 2025, the weighted-average remaining term of vested or expected to vest options was 3.5 years with an aggregate intrinsic value of $44 million.
Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable
The following table provides the number of stock options outstanding and exercisable as at December 31, 2025 by range of exercise price and their related intrinsic aggregate value, and for stock options outstanding, the weighted-average years to expiration. The table also provides the aggregate intrinsic value for in-the-money stock options, which represents the amount that would have been received by option holders had they exercised their options on December 31, 2025 at the Company’s closing stock price of $101.05.

Options outstandingOptions exercisable
Range of exercise pricesNumber of
stock options
Weighted-average
years to
expiration
Weighted-average
exercise
price
Aggregate
intrinsic
value
(millions)
Number of
stock options
Weighted-average
exercise
price
Aggregate
intrinsic
value
(millions)
$32.00 - $91.53
1,458,911 1.5$75.07 $38 1,371,745 $74.07 $37 
$91.54 - $99.01
1,336,707 2.5$96.20 $1,231,257 $96.07 $
$99.02 - $109.46
1,306,376 4.9$106.55 $— 379,836 $107.17 $— 
$109.47 - $115.47
1,171,265 5.4$113.14 $— 192,463 $114.67 $— 
Total(1)
5,273,259 3.5$96.68 $44 3,175,301 $89.02 $43 
(1)    As at December 31, 2025, the total number of in-the-money stock options outstanding was 2,800,002 with a weighted-average exercise price of $85.20. The weighted-average years to expiration of exercisable stock options is 2.0 years.
Weighted-Average Fair Value Assumptions The following table provides assumptions used to determine the fair values of stock option awards, and the weighted-average grant date fair values for units granted in 2025, 2024, and 2023:
202520242023
Expected option life (years)(1)
4.754.754.75
Risk-free interest rate(2)
3.62 %3.88 %3.35 %
Expected stock price volatility(3)
25.43 %28.38 %28.44 %
Expected annual dividend yield(4)
0.79 %0.67 %0.72 %
Expected forfeiture rate(5)
3.08 %3.12 %3.18 %
Weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during the year$28.81 $33.27 $29.79 
(1)    Represents the period of time that awards are expected to be outstanding. Historical data on exercise behaviour or, when available, specific expectations regarding future exercise behaviour were used to estimate the expected life of the option.
(2)    Based on the implied yield available on zero-coupon government issues with an equivalent term commensurate with the expected term of the option.
(3)    Based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock price over a period commensurate with the expected term of the option.
(4)    Determined by the calculated projected annual dividend yield based on the current annual dividend yield at the time of grant. The Company does not employ different dividend yields throughout the contractual term of the option.
(5)    The Company estimates forfeitures based on past experience. The rate is monitored on a periodic basis.
Schedule of Options Exercised
The following table provides information related to all stock options exercised in the plan during the years ended December 31:

(in millions of Canadian dollars)202520242023
Total intrinsic value$78 $92 $101 
Cash received by the Company upon exercise of options73 69 69 
Summary of Performance Share Unit and Performance Deferred Share Unit Plans
The following table summarizes the activity related to PSUs and PDSUs for each of the years ended December 31:

20252024
Outstanding, January 11,743,733 1,678,553 
Granted635,665 593,748 
Issued in lieu of dividends15,950 12,843 
Settled(384,486)(401,182)
PDSUs converted into DSUs(8,426)(11,461)
Forfeited(60,702)(128,768)
Outstanding, December 311,941,734 1,743,733 
Summary of Deferred Share Unit Plan
The following table summarizes the activity related to DSUs for each of the years ended December 31:

20252024
Outstanding, January 1903,054 899,818 
Granted91,071 71,082 
PDSUs converted into DSUs12,572 14,079 
Issued in lieu of dividends7,758 6,253 
Settled(41,005)(82,624)
Forfeited(3,095)(5,554)
Outstanding, December 31970,355 903,054 
Summary of Share-Based Liabilities Paid
The following table summarizes the total share unit liabilities settled for each of the years ended December 31:

(in millions of Canadian dollars)202520242023
Plan
PSUs$48 $54 $86 
DSUs4 
Other12 
Total$64 $64 $89 
v3.25.4
Segmented and geographic information (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Geographic Information
The Company's "Total revenues" were all earned, and long-lived assets were all held, within Canada, the U.S., and Mexico, as reported in the table below:

For the years ended and as at December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars)CanadaU.S.Mexico Total
2025
Revenues$7,243 $5,124 $2,711 $15,078 
Long-lived assets: Properties and Operating lease ROU assets17,559 26,860 11,326 55,745 
2024
Revenues6,936 4,988 2,622 14,546 
Long-lived assets: Properties and Operating lease ROU assets16,536 27,897 11,955 56,388 
2023
Revenues6,651 4,257 1,647 12,555 
v3.25.4
Description of the business (Details) - mi
mi in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Apr. 13, 2023
Description of Business [Line Items]    
Miles of transportation network 20  
Kansas City Southern    
Description of Business [Line Items]    
Ownership percentage   100.00%
v3.25.4
Summary of significant accounting policies (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
renewal_period
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line items]  
Probability threshold for recognizing income tax benefits to be realized upon settlement 50.00%
Short-term investments maturity, maximum 3 months
Market-related asset value, maximum percentage 120.00%
Market-related asset value, minimum percentage 80.00%
Unrecognized actuarial gains and losses, maximum percentage 10.00%
Expected average remaining service period of active employees expected to receive benefits 13 years
Vesting period 1 year
Concession land rights  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line items]  
Property, plant and equipment, useful life 50 years
Property, plant and equipment, renewal period 1
v3.25.4
Revenues - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Revenues from contracts with customers $ 14,969 $ 14,414 $ 12,442
Leasing revenues 109 132 113
Total revenues 15,078 14,546 12,555
Freight      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Revenues from contracts with customers 14,776 14,223 12,281
Total revenues 14,776 14,223 12,281
Grain      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Revenues from contracts with customers 3,217 3,012 2,496
Coal      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Revenues from contracts with customers 1,025 943 859
Potash      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Revenues from contracts with customers 640 614 566
Fertilizers and sulphur      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Revenues from contracts with customers 423 406 385
Forest products      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Revenues from contracts with customers 792 816 696
Energy, chemicals and plastics      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Revenues from contracts with customers 2,898 2,851 2,301
Metals, minerals and consumer products      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Revenues from contracts with customers 1,792 1,777 1,579
Automotive      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Revenues from contracts with customers 1,310 1,280 934
Intermodal      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Revenues from contracts with customers 2,679 2,524 2,465
Non-freight excluding leasing revenues      
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]      
Revenues from contracts with customers $ 193 $ 191 $ 161
v3.25.4
Other (income) expense (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Other expense [Line Items]      
Other (income) expense (Note 5, 17, 18) $ (1) $ (42) $ 52
Forward starting swaps      
Other expense [Line Items]      
Loss on foreign currency forward contract (Note 18) $ 0 $ 4 $ 39
Derivative, Loss, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration] Other (income) expense (Note 5, 17, 18) Other (income) expense (Note 5, 17, 18) Other (income) expense (Note 5, 17, 18)
Other Expense      
Other expense [Line Items]      
Other FX gains $ (14) $ (6) $ (12)
Acquisition-related costs 0 0 6
Gain on debt repurchases (Note 17) 0 (22) 0
Other $ 13 $ (18) $ 19
v3.25.4
Gain on sale of equity investment (Details)
$ in Millions, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Apr. 01, 2025
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2025
CAD ($)
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
CAD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
CAD ($)
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]          
Proceeds from Sale of Equity Method Investments   $ 493   $ 0 $ 0
Equity Method Investment, Realized Gain (Loss) on Disposal   333   $ 0 $ 0
Panama Canal Railway Company          
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]          
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage Sold 50.00%        
Equity Method Investments, Gross Sale Amount $ 350        
Proceeds from Sale of Equity Method Investments   493 $ 344    
Equity Method Investment, Realized Gain (Loss) on Disposal   333 232    
Equity Method Investment, Realized Gain (Loss) on Disposal, After Tax   $ 256 $ 177    
v3.25.4
Income taxes - Summary of Major Components of Company's Income Tax Expense (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]      
Current income tax expense $ 1,174 $ 1,031 $ 909
Reversal of outside basis deferred income tax (Note 11) 0 0 (7,832)
Origination and reversal of temporary differences 214 65 53
Effect of tax rate decrease (7) (70) (72)
Effect of hedge of net investment in foreign subsidiaries and equity-method investees (Note 9) (31) 36 (22)
Other (5) (3) (12)
Total deferred income tax expense (recovery) 171 28 (7,885)
Income (loss) before income tax expense (recovery)      
Canada 2,495 2,426 2,359
Foreign 2,987 2,346 (5,412)
Income (loss) before income tax expense (recovery) 5,482 4,772 (3,053)
Current      
Canada 369 409 377
Foreign 805 622 532
Total current income tax expense 1,174 1,031 909
Deferred      
Canada 286 206 238
Foreign (115) (178) (8,123)
Total deferred income tax expense (recovery) 171 28 (7,885)
Total income tax expense (recovery) 1,345 1,059 (6,976)
Canada - Federal 379 0 0
Canada - Provincial 276 0 0
Foreign 690 0 0
Income tax expense (recovery) (Note 7) $ 1,345 $ 1,059 $ (6,976)
v3.25.4
Income taxes - Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Deferred income tax assets    
Tax losses and other attributes carried forward $ 290 $ 298
Liabilities carrying value in excess of tax basis 259 300
Environmental remediation costs 47 50
Unrealized foreign exchange losses 26 57
Other 17 10
Total deferred income tax assets 639 715
Less: Valuation allowance (38) (57)
Total net deferred income tax assets 601 658
Deferred income tax liabilities    
Properties carrying value in excess of tax basis 9,910 10,155
Pensions carrying value in excess of tax basis 1,228 1,084
Intangibles carrying value in excess of tax basis 764 824
Investments carrying value in excess of tax basis 452 498
Other 76 71
Total deferred income tax liabilities 12,430 12,632
Total net deferred income tax liabilities $ 11,829 $ 11,974
v3.25.4
Income taxes - Expected Income Tax Expense at Canadian Statutory Rates Reconciled to Income Tax Expense (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Amount      
Canadian federal statutory income tax rate(2) $ 822 $ 1,246 $ (797)
Provincial tax effects(3)   (17) (14)
Statutory rate difference   (41) (62)
Other   (24) 26
Inflation   (33) (31)
Nontaxable or nondeductible items 11    
Changes in unrecognized tax benefits (1) 3 (10)
Reversal of outside basis deferred income tax (Note 11)   0 (7,832)
Remeasurement loss of Kansas City Southern   0 1,873
(Gains) losses not subject to tax   (10) 10
Effect of tax rate decrease   (70) (72)
Deduction for dividends taxed on outside basis   0 (68)
Valuation allowance   5 1
Income tax expense (recovery) (Note 7) $ 1,345 $ 1,059 $ (6,976)
Percent      
Canadian federal statutory income tax rate(2) 15.00% 26.11% 26.11%
Nontaxable or nondeductible items 0.20%    
Changes in unrecognized tax benefits (0.02%)    
Effective tax rate 24.54%    
U.S.      
Amount      
Provincial tax effects(3) $ 43    
Statutory rate difference 65    
Tax credits (51)    
Other $ 10    
Percent      
Provincial tax effects(3) 0.78%    
Statutory rate difference 1.19%    
Tax credits (0.93%)    
Other 0.18%    
Mexico      
Amount      
Statutory rate difference $ 158    
Other 33    
Inflation $ (48)    
Percent      
Statutory rate difference 2.88%    
Inflation (0.88%)    
Other 0.60%    
Switzerland      
Amount      
Provincial tax effects(3) $ 27    
Statutory rate difference (52)    
Other $ 34    
Percent      
Provincial tax effects(3) 0.49%    
Statutory rate difference (0.95%)    
Other 0.62%    
Other jurisdictions      
Amount      
Statutory rate difference $ 25    
Percent      
Statutory rate difference 0.46%    
Canada      
Amount      
Provincial tax effects(3) $ 276    
Tax credits (2)    
Other $ (5)    
Percent      
Provincial tax effects(3) 5.03%    
Tax credits (0.04%)    
Other (0.09%)    
v3.25.4
Income taxes - Narrative (Details)
$ in Millions, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
CAD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
CAD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
CAD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]        
Deferred revaluation recovery amount due to change in tax rate   $ 81 $ 13  
Deferred tax recovery, Kansas City Southern outside basis difference     23 $ 17
Derecognition of deferred tax liability     7,832  
Income tax operating losses carried forward $ 56 33    
Capital losses carried forward 5 18    
Deferred tax assets, tax credit carryforwards 4 6    
Unrecognized tax benefits that would impact effective tax rate 22      
Interest and penalties accrual (recovery) 1 (4) (3)  
Accrued interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits 12 11 15  
Settlement of Mexican taxes 12 $ 12 $ 135  
Mexican Tax Authority | Tax Year 2021        
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]        
Settlement of Mexican taxes 11      
Mexican Tax Authority | Tax Years 2009, 2010, 2013 and 2015 to 2020        
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]        
Settlement of Mexican taxes $ 135      
v3.25.4
Income taxes - Reconciliation of Uncertain Tax Positions Related to Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Reconciliation of Uncertain Tax Positions to Unrecognized Tax Benefits [Roll Forward]      
Unrecognized tax benefits at January 1 $ 29 $ 22 $ 20
Tax benefits related to the current year 1 1 2
Tax benefits related to prior years 1 14 10
Tax benefits acquired with KCS 0 0 2
Gross uncertain tax benefits related to prior years (4) (1) (6)
Settlements with taxing authorities 0 (7) (6)
Unrecognized tax benefits at December 31 $ 27 $ 29 $ 22
v3.25.4
Income Taxes - Income Tax Paid (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Paid, by Individual Jurisdiction [Line Items]      
Income taxes paid $ 1,155 $ 958 $ 906
Canada      
Income Tax Paid, by Individual Jurisdiction [Line Items]      
Federal 219    
State and local 162    
U.S.      
Income Tax Paid, by Individual Jurisdiction [Line Items]      
Foreign federal 246    
Foreign state and local 55    
Mexico      
Income Tax Paid, by Individual Jurisdiction [Line Items]      
Foreign 346    
Switzerland      
Income Tax Paid, by Individual Jurisdiction [Line Items]      
Foreign federal 65    
Foreign state and local 37    
Other jurisdictions      
Income Tax Paid, by Individual Jurisdiction [Line Items]      
Foreign $ 25    
v3.25.4
Earnings per share - Number of Shares Used in the Earnings Per Share Calculations (Details) - CAD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]      
Net income $ 4,141 $ 3,718 $ 3,927
Weighted-average basic shares outstanding (in shares) 916.2 933.0 931.3
Dilutive effect of stock options (in shares) 0.9 1.6 2.4
Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding (in shares) 917.1 934.6 933.7
Earnings per share – basic (cad per share) $ 4.52 $ 3.98 $ 4.22
Earnings per share – diluted (cad per share) $ 4.51 $ 3.98 $ 4.21
v3.25.4
Earnings per share - Narrative (Details) - shares
shares in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Stock Option Plan      
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]      
Number of options excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share (in shares) 2.0 0.6 0.6
v3.25.4
Other comprehensive income (loss) and Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) - Components of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Related Tax Effects (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
Before tax amount $ (1,362) $ 3,517 $ (705)
Income tax (expense) recovery (80) (219) (4)
Net of tax amount (1,442) 3,298 (709)
Realized loss on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges recognized in income      
Net of tax amount (6) (40)  
Translation of net investment in U.S. subsidiaries and equity method investees      
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
Before tax amount (1,846) 2,920 (840)
Income tax (expense) recovery 0 0 0
Net of tax amount (1,846) 2,920 (840)
Translation of U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries and equity method investees (Note 18)      
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
Before tax amount 293 (380) 194
Income tax (expense) recovery (31) 36 (22)
Net of tax amount 262 (344) 172
Derivatives      
Realized loss on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges recognized in income      
Before tax amount (1) 6 7
Income tax (expense) recovery 0 (1) (2)
Net of tax amount (1) 5 5
Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses      
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
Before tax amount 180 990 (57)
Income tax (expense) recovery (48) (257) 16
Net of tax amount 132 733 (41)
Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs      
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
Before tax amount 5 (11) (16)
Income tax (expense) recovery (1) 3 4
Net of tax amount 4 (8) (12)
Equity accounted investments      
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
Before tax amount 7 (8) 7
Income tax (expense) recovery 0 0 0
Net of tax amount $ 7 $ (8) $ 7
v3.25.4
Other comprehensive income (loss) and Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) - Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss by Component (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]      
Beginning balance $ 47,892    
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications (1,448) $ 3,258  
Amounts reclassified from AOCI 6 40  
Net of tax amount (1,442) 3,298 $ (709)
Ending balance 45,877 47,892  
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)      
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]      
Beginning balance 2,680 (618)  
Ending balance 1,238 2,680 (618)
Foreign currency net of hedging activities      
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]      
Beginning balance 3,413 837  
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications (1,584) 2,576  
Amounts reclassified from AOCI 0 0  
Net of tax amount (1,584) 2,576  
Ending balance 1,829 3,413 837
Derivatives      
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]      
Beginning balance 10 5  
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications 0 0  
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (1) 5  
Net of tax amount (1) 5  
Ending balance 9 10 5
Pension and post- retirement defined benefit plans      
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]      
Beginning balance (738) (1,463)  
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications 129 690  
Amounts reclassified from AOCI 7 35  
Net of tax amount 136 725  
Ending balance (602) (738) (1,463)
Equity accounted investments      
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]      
Beginning balance (5) 3  
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications 7 (8)  
Amounts reclassified from AOCI 0 0  
Net of tax amount 7 (8)  
Ending balance $ 2 $ (5) $ 3
v3.25.4
Accounts receivable, net (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total accounts receivable $ 2,146 $ 2,066
Allowance for credit losses (117) (98)
Total accounts receivable, net 2,029 1,968
Freight    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total accounts receivable 1,722 1,635
Allowance for credit losses (91) (75)
Total accounts receivable, net 1,631 1,560
Non-freight    
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]    
Total accounts receivable 424 431
Allowance for credit losses (26) (23)
Total accounts receivable, net $ 398 $ 408
v3.25.4
Business acquisition - Narrative (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Apr. 13, 2024
Apr. 14, 2023
Apr. 13, 2023
Mar. 31, 2024
Apr. 13, 2023
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 14, 2021
Business Combination [Line Items]                    
Rail investments accounted for on an equity basis     $ 44,402   $ 44,402          
Remeasurement loss of Kansas City Southern             $ 0 $ 0 $ 7,175  
Deferred income tax recovery             (171) (28) 7,885  
Equity earnings of Kansas City Southern         $ 230   $ 0 0 230  
Equity loss of Kansas City Southern                    
Business Combination [Line Items]                    
Equity earnings of Kansas City Southern                 230  
Kansas City Southern                    
Business Combination [Line Items]                    
Percentage ownership acquired                   100.00%
Fair value of previously held equity method investment $ 37,227 $ 37,227 $ 37,227              
Remeasurement loss of Kansas City Southern                 7,175  
Deferred income tax recovery                 $ 7,832  
Kansas City Southern | Compensation and benefits                    
Business Combination [Line Items]                    
Other tax expense (recovery), goodwill remeasurement       $ 10   $ (14)   $ (4)    
v3.25.4
Business acquisition - Schedule of Allocation of Net Assets and Consideration Paid (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Apr. 13, 2024
Apr. 14, 2023
Apr. 13, 2023
Apr. 13, 2024
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Business Combination [Line Items]              
Goodwill         $ 18,436 $ 19,350 $ 17,729
Kansas City Southern              
Business Combination [Line Items]              
Cash and cash equivalents $ 298 $ 298   $ 298      
Net working capital (110) 51   (110)      
Properties 28,749 28,748   28,749      
Intangible assets 3,022 3,022   3,022      
Other long-term assets 490 496   490      
Debt including debt maturing within one year (4,545) (4,545)   (4,545)      
Deferred income taxes (6,922) (6,984)   (6,922)      
Other long-term liabilities (443) (406)   (443)      
Total identifiable net assets 20,539 20,680   20,539      
Goodwill 17,632 17,491   17,632      
Total identifiable net assets and goodwill 38,171 38,171   38,171      
Fair value of previously held equity method investment 37,227 37,227 $ 37,227        
Intercompany payable balance, net acquired 12 12   12      
Fair value of non-controlling interest 932 932   932      
Total $ 38,171 $ 38,171          
Measurement period adjustments              
Cash and cash equivalents       0      
Net working capital       (161)      
Properties       1      
Intangible assets       0      
Other long-term assets       (6)      
Debt including debt maturing within one year       0      
Deferred income taxes       62      
Other long-term liabilities       (37)      
Total identifiable net assets       (141)      
Goodwill       141      
Total net identifiable net assets and goodwill       0      
Fair value of previously held equity method investment       0      
Intercompany payable balance, net acquired       0      
Fair value of non-controlling interest       0      
Total       $ 0      
v3.25.4
Business acquisition - Pro Forma Information (Details)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Apr. 13, 2023
Dec. 31, 2023
CAD ($)
Business Combination [Line Items]    
KCS historical, revenue   $ 1,351
Pro forma CPKC, revenue   13,909
KCS historical, net income attributable to controlling shareholders   280
Pro forma, net income attributable to controlling shareholders   $ 3,174
Canada, Dollars    
Business Combination [Line Items]    
Average exchange rate used, revenue 1.35  
v3.25.4
Investment in Kansas City Southern - Narrative (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Apr. 13, 2023
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 14, 2021
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]          
Equity earnings of Kansas City Southern $ 230 $ 0 $ 0 $ 230  
Dividend from Kansas City Southern 300 $ 0 $ 0    
Kansas City Southern          
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]          
Basis difference         $ 30,000
Equity method investment, foreign currency translation loss (578)        
Amortization of basis difference $ 48        
v3.25.4
Investment in Kansas City Southern - Summarized Financial Information, Statement of Income (Details)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Apr. 13, 2023
CAD ($)
Dec. 31, 2025
CAD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
CAD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
CAD ($)
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]        
Total revenues   $ 15,078 $ 14,546 $ 12,555
Total operating expenses   9,469 9,367 8,167
Operating income   5,609 5,179 4,388
Less: Other   (1) (42) 52
Income (loss) before income tax expense (recovery)   5,482 4,772 (3,053)
Net income attributable to controlling shareholders   $ 4,141 $ 3,718 $ 3,927
Canada, Dollars        
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]        
Average exchange rate used, revenue 1.35      
Kansas City Southern        
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]        
Total revenues $ 1,351      
Total operating expenses 888      
Operating income 463      
Less: Other 83      
Income (loss) before income tax expense (recovery) 380      
Net income attributable to controlling shareholders $ 280      
v3.25.4
Properties - Net Properties (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
Cost $ 67,648 $ 67,489
Accumulated depreciation 12,325 11,465
Net book value $ 55,323 56,024
Track and roadway    
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
Weighted-average annual depreciation rate 2.70%  
Cost $ 46,283 46,646
Accumulated depreciation 8,306 7,741
Net book value $ 37,977 38,905
Rolling stock    
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
Weighted-average annual depreciation rate 3.90%  
Cost $ 9,196 8,723
Accumulated depreciation 1,974 1,880
Net book value 7,222 6,843
Land    
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
Cost 3,663 3,765
Accumulated depreciation 0 0
Net book value $ 3,663 3,765
Buildings    
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
Weighted-average annual depreciation rate 2.80%  
Cost $ 1,990 1,927
Accumulated depreciation 322 319
Net book value $ 1,668 1,608
Concession land rights    
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
Weighted-average annual depreciation rate 1.40%  
Cost $ 1,843 1,935
Accumulated depreciation 67 45
Net book value $ 1,776 1,890
Other    
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
Weighted-average annual depreciation rate 6.10%  
Cost $ 4,673 4,493
Accumulated depreciation 1,656 1,480
Net book value 3,017 3,013
Concessions    
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
Cost 9,799 10,212
Accumulated depreciation 560 376
Net book value 9,239 9,836
Track and roadway    
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
Cost 7,591 7,871
Accumulated depreciation 451 302
Net book value 7,140 7,569
Concession land rights    
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
Cost 1,843 1,935
Accumulated depreciation 67 45
Net book value 1,776 1,890
Buildings    
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
Cost 245 249
Accumulated depreciation 28 20
Net book value 217 229
Other    
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]    
Cost 120 157
Accumulated depreciation 14 9
Net book value $ 106 $ 148
v3.25.4
Properties - Narrative (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]    
Government assistance, amount $ 5 $ 26
Property balance 55,323 56,024
Government assistance, unamortized amount 263 272
Amortization expense related to government assistance $ 11 $ 10
Government Assistance, Income, Increase (Decrease), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration] Property balance Property balance
v3.25.4
Properties - Capital Leases Included in Properties (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Finance Leased Assets [Line Items]    
Cost $ 206 $ 194
Accumulated depreciation 106 92
Net book value 100 102
Rolling stock    
Finance Leased Assets [Line Items]    
Cost 188 186
Accumulated depreciation 102 90
Net book value 86 96
Other    
Finance Leased Assets [Line Items]    
Cost 18 8
Accumulated depreciation 4 2
Net book value $ 14 $ 6
v3.25.4
Goodwill (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Goodwill    
Opening balance $ 19,350 $ 17,729
Addition   67
FX impact (914) 1,554
Ending balance $ 18,436 $ 19,350
v3.25.4
Intangible assets - Schedule of Finite and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Cost    
Beginning balance $ 3,315 $ 3,061
FX impact (158) 254
Ending balance 3,157 3,315
Accumulated amortization    
Beginning balance (169) (87)
Amortization (87) (85)
FX impact 10 3
Ending balance (246) (169)
Net carrying amount    
Beginning balance 3,146 2,974
Amortization (87) (85)
FX impact (148) 257
Ending balance 2,911 3,146
Indefinite-lived intangible assets $ 1,863 $ 1,956
v3.25.4
Finite-lived Intangible assets - Future Amortization Expense (Details)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2025
CAD ($)
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
2026 $ 85
2027 85
2028 85
2029 85
2030 85
2031 and thereafter 623
Total $ 1,048
v3.25.4
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]    
Trade payables $ 682 $ 768
Accrued charges 597 732
Income and other taxes payable 459 379
Dividends payable 204 177
Accrued interest 195 167
Payroll-related accruals 122 151
Accrued vacation 116 99
Operating lease liabilities (Note 20) 111 112
Personal injury and other claims provision 78 78
Stock-based compensation liabilities 73 58
Other 114 121
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 2,751 $ 2,842
v3.25.4
Debt - Components of Long-term Debt (Details)
$ in Millions, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
CAD ($)
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
CAD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Long-term debt, gross   $ 14,691   $ 14,598
Present value of future lease payments $ 27      
Commercial Paper 1,165   $ 1,586  
Short-term Borrowing 0   288  
Debt, long-term, short-term and finance lease obligation, excluding perpetual debt 23,244   22,663  
Debt, long-term, short-term and finance lease obligation 23,291   22,713  
Unamortized fees on long-term debt (103)   (90)  
Long-term debt, including current debt 23,188   22,623  
Less: Long-term debt maturing within one year 3,240   2,819  
Long-term debt $ 19,948   19,804  
2.900% 10-year Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 2.90% 2.90%    
Debt term 10 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 0   924  
3.700% 10.5-year Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 3.70% 3.70%    
Debt term 10 years 6 months      
Long-term debt, gross $ 343   360  
1.750% 5-year Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 1.75% 1.75%    
Debt term 5 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 1,370   1,438  
2.540% 6.3-year Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 2.54% 2.54%    
Debt term 6 years 3 months 18 days      
Long-term debt, gross $ 1,200   1,200  
4.000% 10-year Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 4.00% 4.00%    
Debt term 10 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 685   719  
3.150% 10-year Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 3.15% 3.15%    
Debt term 10 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 400   400  
2.050% 10-year Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 2.05% 2.05%    
Debt term 10 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 685   719  
7.125% 30-year Debentures        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 7.125% 7.125%    
Debt term 30 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 480   503  
2.450% 10-year Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 2.45% 2.45%    
Debt term 10 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 1,918   2,014  
5.750% 30-year Debentures        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 5.75% 5.75%    
Debt term 30 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 339   355  
4.800% 20-year Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 4.80% 4.80%    
Debt term 20 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 410   431  
5.950% 30-year Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 5.95% 5.95%    
Debt term 30 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 612   642  
6.450% 30-year Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 6.45% 6.45%    
Debt term 30 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 400   400  
3.000% 20-year Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 3.00% 3.00%    
Debt term 20 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 1,365   1,433  
5.750% 30-year Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 5.75% 5.75%    
Debt term 30 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 338   355  
4.800% 30-year Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 4.80% 4.80%    
Debt term 30 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 752   790  
3.050% 30-year Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 3.05% 3.05%    
Debt term 30 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 298   298  
3.100% 30-year Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 3.10% 3.10%    
Debt term 30 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 2,388   2,507  
6.125% 100-year Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 6.125% 6.125%    
Debt term 100 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 1,234   1,295  
3.125% 10-year Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 3.125% 3.125%    
Debt term 10 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 309   320  
2.875% 10-year Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 2.875% 2.875%    
Debt term 10 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 533   551  
4.300% 30-year Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 4.30% 4.30%    
Debt term 30 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 539   563  
4.950% 30-year Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 4.95% 4.95%    
Debt term 30 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 597   626  
4.700% 30-year Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 4.70% 4.70%    
Debt term 30 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 623   653  
3.500% 30-year Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 3.50% 3.50%    
Debt term 30 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 566   591  
4.200% 50-year Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 4.20% 4.20%    
Debt term 50 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 461   484  
2.875% - 4.950% Other Senior Notes Due 2069        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Long-term debt, gross $ 110   114  
2.875% - 4.950% Other Senior Notes Due 2069 | Minimum        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 2.875% 2.875%    
2.875% - 4.950% Other Senior Notes Due 2069 | Maximum        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 4.95% 4.95%    
2.96% - 4.29% RRIF Loans Due 2037        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Long-term debt, gross $ 60   69  
2.96% - 4.29% RRIF Loans Due 2037 | Minimum        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 2.96% 2.96%    
2.96% - 4.29% RRIF Loans Due 2037 | Maximum        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 4.29% 4.29%    
Various        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Present value of future lease payments $ 7   6  
2.32% Finance Lease        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 2.32% 2.32%    
Present value of future lease payments $ 2   6  
2.91% Finance Lease        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 2.91% 2.91%    
Present value of future lease payments $ 3   0  
6.57% Finance Lease        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 6.57% 6.57%    
Present value of future lease payments $ 8   16  
12.77% Finance Lease        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 12.77% 12.77%    
Present value of future lease payments $ 3   3  
1.93% Finance Lease        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 1.93% 1.93%    
Present value of future lease payments $ 4   4  
Perpetual 4% Consolidated Debenture Stock (USD)        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 4.00% 4.00%    
Long-term debt, gross $ 41   44  
Perpetual 4% Consolidated Debenture Stock (GBP)        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 4.00% 4.00%    
Long-term debt, gross $ 6   6  
4.80% 5-year Note        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 4.80% 4.80%    
Debt term 5 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 821   0  
4.80% 30-year Note        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 4.80% 4.80%    
Debt term 30 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 298   0  
4.00% 7-year Note        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 4.00% 4.00%    
Debt term 7 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 500   0  
5.20% 10-year Note        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 5.20% 5.20%    
Debt term 10 years      
Long-term debt, gross $ 818   0  
4.40% 10.5-year Note        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Interest rate 4.40% 4.40%    
Debt term 10 years 6 months      
Long-term debt, gross $ 600   $ 0  
v3.25.4
Debt - Narrative (Details)
$ in Millions, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Aug. 20, 2025
USD ($)
Nov. 15, 2023
USD ($)
May 15, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2025
CAD ($)
institution
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
institution
Dec. 31, 2024
CAD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
CAD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Apr. 24, 2023
USD ($)
series
Feb. 21, 2012
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2011
locomotive
Jun. 28, 2005
USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Long-term debt, gross                   $ 14,691 $ 14,598        
Annual maturities and principal repayments in 2026       $ 3,228                      
Annual maturities and principal repayments in 2027       7                      
Annual maturities and principal repayments in 2028       1,893                      
Annual maturities and principal repayments in 2029       990                      
Annual maturities and principal repayments in 2030       1,514                      
Annual maturities and principal repayments thereafter       16,189                      
Extinguishment of debt, principal amount           $ 241 $ 176                
Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt           22                  
Number of locomotives purchased | locomotive                           30  
Net book value       100   102                  
Number of series of notes maturing in 2023 | series                       2      
Investment in government securities       0   0   $ 267 $ 198            
Proceeds from settlement of government securities       0   0   $ 274 $ 200            
US Government Debt Securities                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Debt securities                       $ 647      
Letters of Credit                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Letters of credit drawn       79   95                  
Maximum capacity under credit facility       $ 300                      
Commercial Paper | Commercial Paper Program                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Number of financial institutions | institution       6 6                    
Credit facility, available amount                   1,500          
Line of credit, current       $ 1,165   $ 1,586       $ 850 $ 1,102        
Weighted-average interest rate       4.02%   4.75%       4.02% 4.75%        
RRIF Loan Due 2037                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Interest rate                         2.96%    
Secured loan carrying value       $ 96                      
RRIF Loan Due 2037 | Kansas City Southern                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Debt instrument, face amount                         $ 55    
RRIF Loan Due 2030 | Texas Mexican Railway                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Interest rate                             4.29%
Debt instrument, face amount                             $ 50
Term Facility | Unsecured Debt                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Proceeds from term loan         $ 500                    
Repayments of term loan         500                    
4.00% 7-year Note                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Proceeds from Issuance of Unsecured Debt       498                      
4.40% 10.5-year Note                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Proceeds from Issuance of Unsecured Debt       598                      
4.80% 30-year Note                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Proceeds from Issuance of Unsecured Debt       296                      
4.80% 5-year Note                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Proceeds from Issuance of Unsecured Debt       857 596                    
5.20% 10-year Note                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Proceeds from Issuance of Unsecured Debt       $ 853 $ 593                    
5.41% Senior Secured Notes | Senior Notes                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Extinguishment of debt, amount           $ 66 48                
Interest rate           5.41%         5.41%        
6.91% Secured Equipment Notes | Senior Notes                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Extinguishment of debt, amount           $ 21                  
Interest rate           6.91%         6.91%        
3.85% 10-year Senior Notes | Senior Notes                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Extinguishment of debt, amount   $ 199                          
Interest rate   3.85%                          
3.00% 10-year Senior Notes | Senior Notes                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Extinguishment of debt, amount     $ 439                        
Interest rate     3.00%                        
The Facility | Revolving Credit Facility                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Number of financial institutions | institution       15 15                    
Credit facility, available amount                   $ 2,200          
5-year Credit Facility | Revolving Credit Facility                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Credit facility, available amount $ 1,100                 1,100          
5-year Credit Facility | Line of Credit | Revolving Credit Facility                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Debt term 5 years     5 years 5 years                    
2-year Credit Facility | Revolving Credit Facility                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Credit facility, available amount $ 1,100                 $ 1,100          
2-year Credit Facility | Line of Credit | Revolving Credit Facility                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Interest rate           5.57%         5.57%        
Debt term 2 years     2 years 2 years                    
Long-term debt           $ 288         $ 200        
1.350% 3-year Notes | Senior Notes                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Extinguishment of debt, amount           $ 2,002 $ 1,429                
Interest rate           1.35%         1.35%        
Debt term           3 years 3 years                
Unsecured Debt | 4.00% 7-year Note                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Interest rate       4.00%           4.00%          
Debt term       7 years 7 years                    
Debt instrument, face amount       $ 500                      
Unsecured Debt | 4.40% 10.5-year Note                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Interest rate       4.40%           4.40%          
Debt term       10 years 6 months 10 years 6 months                    
Debt instrument, face amount       $ 600                      
Unsecured Debt | 4.80% 30-year Note                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Interest rate       4.80%           4.80%          
Debt term       30 years 30 years                    
Debt instrument, face amount       $ 300                      
Unsecured Debt | 4.80% 5-year Note                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Interest rate       4.80%           4.80%          
Debt term       5 years 5 years                    
Debt instrument, face amount                   $ 600          
Unsecured Debt | 5.20% 10-year Note                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Interest rate       5.20%           5.20%          
Debt term       10 years 10 years                    
Debt instrument, face amount                   $ 600          
2.900% 10-year Notes                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Long-term debt, gross       $ 0   $ 924                  
Interest rate       2.90%           2.90%          
Debt term       10 years 10 years                    
2.900% 10-year Notes | Senior Notes                              
Debt Instrument [Line Items]                              
Extinguishment of debt, amount       $ 930 $ 642                    
Interest rate       2.90%           2.90%          
Debt term       10 years 10 years                    
v3.25.4
Financial instruments - Narrative (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Jan. 12, 2024
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]        
Long-term debt, excluding commercial paper   $ 22,023 $ 20,749  
Long-term debt, fair value   20,740 18,911  
Settlement of foreign currency forward contracts   0 65 $ 0
Treasury Rate Locks | Net Interest Expense        
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]        
Derivative gains (losses) amortized to net interest expense   1 (6) (7)
Foreign Exchange Contract        
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]        
Foreign exchange loss on FX forward contracts     4 39
Settlement of foreign currency forward contracts $ 65      
Net Investment Hedge        
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]        
Gain (loss) on derivative   $ 293 $ (380) $ 194
v3.25.4
Other long-term liabilities - Schedule of Other Long-Term Liabilities (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]    
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion (Note 20) $ 299 $ 254
Provision for environmental remediation, net of current portion 218 231
Stock-based compensation liabilities, net of current portion 118 177
Deferred lease and license revenue, net of current portion 50 67
Deferred revenue, net of current portion 22 20
Other, net of current portion 108 118
Total other long-term liabilities 815 867
Aggregate provision for environmental remediation, including current portion $ 241 $ 257
Environmental Loss Contingency, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (Note 16, 20), Total other long-term liabilities Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (Note 16, 20), Total other long-term liabilities
v3.25.4
Other long-term liabilities - Narrative (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]      
Expected time period for payment of provision for environmental remediation 10 years    
Environmental remediation costs charged to income $ 9 $ 8 $ 8
v3.25.4
Leases - Narrative (Details)
Dec. 31, 2025
Minimum  
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]  
Remaining lease terms 1 year
Maximum  
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]  
Remaining lease terms 15 years
v3.25.4
Leases - Components of Lease Expense (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]      
Operating lease cost $ 115 $ 111 $ 94
Short-term lease cost 19 19 29
Variable lease cost 5 16 10
Sublease income (1) (2) (1)
Finance lease cost      
Amortization of ROU assets 14 11 10
Interest on lease liabilities 1 2 2
Total lease costs $ 153 $ 157 $ 144
v3.25.4
Leases - Supplemental Balance Sheet Information (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]    
Operating lease, ROU asset $ 422 $ 364
Operating lease, ROU asset, location Other assets (Note 20) Other assets (Note 20)
Finance lease, ROU asset $ 100 $ 102
Finance lease, ROU asset, location Property balance Property balance
Operating lease liabilities, current $ 111 $ 112
Operating lease liabilities, current, location Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (Note 16, 20) Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (Note 16, 20)
Finance lease liabilities, current $ 17 $ 14
Finance lease liabilities, current, location Long-term debt maturing within one year (Note 17, 18, 20) Long-term debt maturing within one year (Note 17, 18, 20)
Operating lease liabilities, long-term $ 299 $ 254
Operating lease liabilities, long-term, location Other long-term liabilities (Note 19, 20) Other long-term liabilities (Note 19, 20)
Obligations under finance leases $ 10 $ 21
Finance lease liabilities, long-term, location Long-term debt Long-term debt
v3.25.4
Leases - Weighted Average Remaining Lease Terms and Discount Rates (Details)
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term    
Operating leases 5 years 4 years
Finance leases 4 years 4 years
Weighted-Average Discount Rate    
Operating leases 3.41% 3.61%
Finance leases 5.30% 5.39%
v3.25.4
Leases - Supplemental Information Related to Leases (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]      
Operating cash outflows from operating leases $ 127 $ 114 $ 96
Operating cash outflows from finance leases 1 1 2
Financing cash outflows from finance leases 11 13 13
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities      
Operating leases $ 191 $ 105 $ 62
v3.25.4
Leases - Maturities of Lease Liabilities (Details)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2025
CAD ($)
Finance leases  
2026 $ 18
2027 2
2028 1
2029 1
2030 1
Thereafter 7
Total lease future payments 30
Imputed interest (3)
Present value of future lease payments 27
Operating leases  
2026 143
2027 111
2028 83
2029 54
2030 39
Thereafter 58
Total lease future payments 488
Imputed interest (78)
Present value of future lease payments $ 410
v3.25.4
Shareholders' equity - Narrative (Details) - CAD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
8 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Oct. 29, 2025
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Feb. 02, 2026
Mar. 03, 2025
Class of Stock [Line Items]            
Preferred shares issued   0        
Common shares authorized to be repurchased (in shares)           37,300,000
Common Shares repurchased (in shares)   37,300,000 0 0    
Subsequent Event            
Class of Stock [Line Items]            
Common shares authorized to be repurchased (in shares)         44,900,000  
March 2025 Normal Course Issuer Bid (NCIB)            
Class of Stock [Line Items]            
Common Shares repurchased (in shares) 37,300,000 37,348,539        
Common Shares repurchased, value   $ 4,019        
Weighted-average price per share   $ 107.61        
Share Repurchase Program, Change in Accrued Tax Liability   $ 77        
Share capital            
Class of Stock [Line Items]            
Stock-based compensation transferred from APIC   $ 17 $ 18 $ 17    
v3.25.4
Shareholders' equity - Summary of Information Related to Common Share Balances (Details) - shares
shares in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]      
Share capital, January 1 (in shares) 933.5 932.1 930.5
Stock Repurchased During Period, Shares (37.3) 0.0 0.0
Shares issued under stock option plan (in shares) 1.4 1.4 1.6
Share capital, December 31 (in shares) 897.6 933.5 932.1
v3.25.4
Shareholders' equity - Schedule of Shares Repurchased Program Activity (Details) - CAD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
8 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Oct. 29, 2025
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Share Repurchase Program [Line Items]        
Common Shares repurchased (in shares)   37,300,000 0 0
March 2025 Normal Course Issuer Bid (NCIB)        
Share Repurchase Program [Line Items]        
Common Shares repurchased (in shares) 37,300,000 37,348,539    
Weighted-average price per share   $ 107.61    
Common Shares repurchased, value   $ 4,019    
v3.25.4
Change in non-cash working capital balances related to operations (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract]      
Accounts receivable, net $ 32 $ (133) $ (317)
Materials and supplies (53) (36) 1
Other current assets 96 (9) (49)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (271) 202 57
Change in non-cash working capital balances related to operations $ (196) $ 24 $ (308)
v3.25.4
Pensions and other benefits - Narrative (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Period of average market values for calculating net periodic benefit cost 5 years    
Benefit obligation, discount rate 4.94% 4.68% 4.64%
Defined benefit plan with accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets, accumulated benefit obligation $ 162 $ 159  
Defined benefit plan with accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets, plan assets $ 20 $ 21  
Maximum value of underlying assets represented by financial derivatives, excluding currency forwards 30.00%    
Solvency funded position hedged against interest rate risk 53.00% 51.00%  
Company's common shares in fund assets (in shares) 440,925 322,733  
Net cost of defined contribution plan $ 12 $ 13 $ 12
Defined contribution plan, estimated employer contribution next fiscal year 12    
Multi-employer benefit plan, Employer contributions $ 2 3 4
U.S DC Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Net cost of defined contribution plan   $ 3 $ 2
US Dollar      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Plans exposure to foreign currency risk percentage 39.00% 39.00%  
Euro      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Plans exposure to foreign currency risk percentage 7.00% 7.00%  
Other Currencies      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Plans exposure to foreign currency risk percentage 5.00% 5.00%  
Public equity      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Company's securities in fund assets $ 45 $ 34  
Fixed income securities      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Company's securities in fund assets 5 2  
Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Expected future employer contributions, next fiscal year 13    
Defined benefit pension plans accumulated benefit obligation 9,679 $ 10,006  
Other benefits      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Expected future employer contributions, next fiscal year $ 39    
v3.25.4
Pensions and other benefits - Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Current service cost $ 98 $ 97 $ 81
Interest cost on benefit obligation 488 491 508
Expected return on plan assets (926) (891) (882)
Recognized net actuarial loss 9 41 45
Effects of special termination benefits 5 7 2
Defined Benefit Plan, Cost of Providing Special and Contractual Termination Benefits 9 0 0
Total other components of net periodic benefit (recovery) cost (415) (352) (327)
Net periodic benefit (recovery) cost (317) (255) (246)
Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Current service cost 85 84 71
Interest cost on benefit obligation 466 468 486
Expected return on plan assets (926) (891) (882)
Recognized net actuarial loss 7 40 32
Effects of special termination benefits 5 7 2
Defined Benefit Plan, Cost of Providing Special and Contractual Termination Benefits 9 0 0
Total other components of net periodic benefit (recovery) cost (439) (376) (362)
Net periodic benefit (recovery) cost (354) (292) (291)
Other benefits      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Current service cost 13 13 10
Interest cost on benefit obligation 22 23 22
Expected return on plan assets 0 0 0
Recognized net actuarial loss 2 1 13
Effects of special termination benefits 0 0 0
Defined Benefit Plan, Cost of Providing Special and Contractual Termination Benefits 0 0 0
Total other components of net periodic benefit (recovery) cost 24 24 35
Net periodic benefit (recovery) cost $ 37 $ 37 $ 45
v3.25.4
Pensions and other benefits - Changes in Projected Benefit Obligation (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Change in projected benefit obligation:      
Projected benefit obligation as at January 1 $ 10,605 $ 10,769  
Current service cost 98 97 $ 81
Interest cost 488 491 508
Employee contributions 51 50  
Benefits paid (699) (695)  
Foreign currency changes (7) 14  
Release due to settlement 2 0  
Effects of special termination benefits 9 0  
Plan amendments and other 0 18  
Net actuarial gain (286) (139)  
Projected benefit obligation as at December 31 10,257 10,605 10,769
Pensions      
Change in projected benefit obligation:      
Projected benefit obligation as at January 1 10,166 10,306  
Current service cost 85 84 71
Interest cost 466 468 486
Employee contributions 51 50  
Benefits paid (663) (659)  
Foreign currency changes (8) 15  
Release due to settlement 0 0  
Effects of special termination benefits 9 0  
Plan amendments and other 0 18  
Net actuarial gain (286) (116)  
Projected benefit obligation as at December 31 9,820 10,166 10,306
Other benefits      
Change in projected benefit obligation:      
Projected benefit obligation as at January 1 439 463  
Current service cost 13 13 10
Interest cost 22 23 22
Employee contributions 0 0  
Benefits paid (36) (36)  
Foreign currency changes 1 (1)  
Release due to settlement 2 0  
Effects of special termination benefits 0 0  
Plan amendments and other 0 0  
Net actuarial gain 0 (23)  
Projected benefit obligation as at December 31 $ 437 $ 439 $ 463
v3.25.4
Pensions and other benefits - Changes in Fund Assets (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Change in plan assets:    
Fair value of plan assets as at January 1 $ 14,598 $ 13,478
Actual return on plan assets 809 1,702
Employer contributions 51 48
Employee contributions 51 50
Benefits paid (699) (695)
Foreign currency changes (8) 15
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Payment for Settlement (2) 0
Fair value of plan assets as at December 31 14,800 14,598
Funded status - plan surplus (deficit) 4,543 3,993
Pensions    
Change in plan assets:    
Fair value of plan assets as at January 1 14,592 13,472
Actual return on plan assets 809 1,701
Employer contributions 13 13
Employee contributions 51 50
Benefits paid (663) (659)
Foreign currency changes (8) 15
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Payment for Settlement 0 0
Fair value of plan assets as at December 31 14,794 14,592
Funded status - plan surplus (deficit) 4,974 4,426
Other benefits    
Change in plan assets:    
Fair value of plan assets as at January 1 6 6
Actual return on plan assets 0 1
Employer contributions 38 35
Employee contributions 0 0
Benefits paid (36) (36)
Foreign currency changes 0 0
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Payment for Settlement (2) 0
Fair value of plan assets as at December 31 6 6
Funded status - plan surplus (deficit) $ (431) $ (433)
v3.25.4
Pensions and other benefits - Funded Status of Pension Plans (Details) - Pensions - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Pension plans in surplus    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Projected benefit obligation at December 31 $ (9,549) $ (9,725)
Fair value of fund assets at December 31 14,678 14,311
Funded Status 5,129 4,586
Pension plans in deficit    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Projected benefit obligation at December 31 (271) (441)
Fair value of fund assets at December 31 116 281
Funded Status $ (155) $ (160)
v3.25.4
Pensions and other benefits - Amounts Recognized in Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Pension asset $ 5,129 $ 4,586
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (49) (45)
Pension and other benefit liabilities (537) (548)
Total amount recognized 4,543 3,993
Pensions    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Pension asset 5,129 4,586
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (11) (10)
Pension and other benefit liabilities (144) (150)
Total amount recognized 4,974 4,426
Other benefits    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Pension asset 0 0
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (38) (35)
Pension and other benefit liabilities (393) (398)
Total amount recognized $ (431) $ (433)
v3.25.4
Pensions and other benefits - Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Losses (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Other than deferred investment (losses) gains $ (1,329) $ (1,449)
Deferred investment gains 464 405
Prior service cost (53) (59)
Deferred income tax expense (recovery) 316 365
Total (Note 9) (602) (738)
Pensions    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Other than deferred investment (losses) gains (1,383) (1,501)
Deferred investment gains 464 405
Prior service cost (53) (58)
Deferred income tax expense (recovery) 329 377
Total (Note 9) (643) (777)
Other benefits    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Other than deferred investment (losses) gains 54 52
Deferred investment gains 0 0
Prior service cost 0 (1)
Deferred income tax expense (recovery) (13) (12)
Total (Note 9) $ 41 $ 39
v3.25.4
Pensions and other benefits - Actuarial Assumptions (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2026
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Benefit obligation as at December 31:        
Discount rate   4.94% 4.68% 4.64%
Projected future salary increases   2.75% 2.75% 2.75%
Health care cost trend rate   5.00% 5.00% 5.00%
Benefit cost for year ended December 31:        
Discount rate   4.68% 4.64% 5.01%
Expected rate of return on fund assets   6.70% 6.70% 6.90%
Projected future salary increases   2.75% 2.75% 2.75%
Health care cost trend rate   5.00% 5.00% 5.00%
Forecast        
Benefit cost for year ended December 31:        
Expected rate of return on fund assets 6.70%      
v3.25.4
Pensions and other benefits - Pension Plan Asset Allocation and Weighted-Average Policy Range (Details) - Pensions
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]    
Asset allocation target 100.00%  
Percentage of plan assets as at December 31 100.00% 100.00%
Cash and cash equivalents    
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]    
Asset allocation target 2.60%  
Percentage of plan assets as at December 31 2.10% 2.20%
Fixed income    
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]    
Asset allocation target 38.30%  
Percentage of plan assets as at December 31 36.20% 36.00%
Public equity    
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]    
Asset allocation target 29.60%  
Percentage of plan assets as at December 31 31.20% 30.70%
Real estate and infrastructure    
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]    
Asset allocation target 14.70%  
Percentage of plan assets as at December 31 12.10% 11.70%
Private debt    
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]    
Asset allocation target 7.40%  
Percentage of plan assets as at December 31 7.50% 7.90%
Absolute return    
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]    
Asset allocation target 7.40%  
Percentage of plan assets as at December 31 10.90% 11.50%
Minimum | Fixed income    
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]    
Policy range 26.00%  
Minimum | Public equity    
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]    
Policy range 25.00%  
Minimum | Real estate and infrastructure    
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]    
Policy range 6.00%  
Minimum | Private debt    
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]    
Policy range 3.00%  
Minimum | Absolute return    
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]    
Policy range 3.00%  
Maximum | Cash and cash equivalents    
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]    
Policy range 10.00%  
Maximum | Fixed income    
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]    
Policy range 43.00%  
Maximum | Public equity    
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]    
Policy range 40.00%  
Maximum | Real estate and infrastructure    
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]    
Policy range 20.00%  
Maximum | Private debt    
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]    
Policy range 13.00%  
Maximum | Absolute return    
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]    
Policy range 13.00%  
v3.25.4
Pensions and other benefits - Summary of DB Pension Plan Assets at Fair Value (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values $ 14,800 $ 14,598 $ 13,478
Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 14,794 14,592 $ 13,472
Forward starting swaps      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Derivative notional amount 420 555  
Derivative fair value (14) 2  
Cash and cash equivalents | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 316 324  
Government bonds | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 2,652 2,733  
Corporate bonds | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 2,103 1,981  
Mortgages | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 203 194  
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 402 356  
Public equities, Canada | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 490 482  
Public equities, U.S and international | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 4,127 3,997  
Real estate      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fund value subject to redemption 407 435  
Fund value not subject to redemption 100 86  
Unfunded commitments $ 262 309  
Investment redemption, notice period 90 days    
Real estate | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values $ 507 521  
Infrastructure      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fund value subject to redemption 644 606  
Fund value not subject to redemption 632 588  
Unfunded commitments $ 248 205  
Investment redemption, notice period 90 days    
Infrastructure | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values $ 1,276 1,194  
Private debt      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fund value subject to redemption 61 115  
Fund value not subject to redemption 1,049 1,031  
Unfunded commitments $ 598 764  
Investment redemption, notice period 90 days    
Private debt | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values $ 1,110 1,146  
Derivative instruments | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values $ (8) (9)  
Absolute return | Minimum      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Investment redemption, notice period 30 days    
Absolute return | Maximum      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Investment redemption, notice period 120 days    
Absolute return, Funds of hedge funds | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values $ 1,616 1,673  
Investments measured at NAV | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 4,509 4,534  
Investments measured at NAV | Cash and cash equivalents | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 0 0  
Investments measured at NAV | Government bonds | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 0 0  
Investments measured at NAV | Corporate bonds | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 0 0  
Investments measured at NAV | Mortgages | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 0 0  
Investments measured at NAV | Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 0 0  
Investments measured at NAV | Public equities, Canada | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 0 0  
Investments measured at NAV | Public equities, U.S and international | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 0 0  
Investments measured at NAV | Real estate | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 507 521  
Investments measured at NAV | Infrastructure | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 1,276 1,194  
Investments measured at NAV | Private debt | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 1,110 1,146  
Investments measured at NAV | Derivative instruments | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 0 0  
Investments measured at NAV | Absolute return, Funds of hedge funds | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 1,616 1,673  
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 6,154 5,879  
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Cash and cash equivalents | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 316 324  
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Government bonds | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 207 192  
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Corporate bonds | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 811 690  
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Mortgages | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 203 194  
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 0 0  
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Public equities, Canada | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 490 482  
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Public equities, U.S and international | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 4,127 3,997  
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Real estate | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 0 0  
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Infrastructure | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 0 0  
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Private debt | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 0 0  
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Derivative instruments | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 0 0  
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) | Absolute return, Funds of hedge funds | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 0 0  
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 4,131 4,179  
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Cash and cash equivalents | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 0 0  
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Government bonds | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 2,445 2,541  
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Corporate bonds | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 1,292 1,291  
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Mortgages | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 0 0  
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 402 356  
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Public equities, Canada | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 0 0  
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Public equities, U.S and international | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 0 0  
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Real estate | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 0 0  
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Infrastructure | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 0 0  
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Private debt | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values 0 0  
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Derivative instruments | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values (8) (9)  
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) | Absolute return, Funds of hedge funds | Pensions      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
DB pension plans at fair values $ 0 $ 0  
v3.25.4
Pensions and other benefits - Estimated Future Benefit Payments (Details)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2025
CAD ($)
Pensions  
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]  
2026 $ 679
2027 672
2028 676
2029 666
2030 663
2031-2035 3,279
Other benefits  
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]  
2026 39
2027 33
2028 33
2029 32
2030 32
2031-2035 $ 159
v3.25.4
Stock-based compensation - Narrative (Details)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
CAD ($)
shares
Dec. 31, 2025
CAD ($)
shares
Dec. 31, 2024
CAD ($)
shares
Dec. 31, 2023
CAD ($)
shares
Dec. 31, 2022
shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]          
Stock-based compensation expense   $ 59 $ 108 $ 122  
Stock based compensation expense, tax benefit   $ 14 $ 26 27  
Vesting period   1 year      
PSUs vested in period (in shares) | shares     9,774    
Share-based liabilities paid   $ 64 $ 64 89  
Regular and Performance Stock Options          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]          
Stock-based compensation expense   $ 28 24 25  
Expiration period   7 years      
Fair value of options at grant date   $ 28 27 26  
Unrecognized compensation expense   $ 9      
Weighted-average period of recognition for unrecognized compensation   1 year 1 month 6 days      
Fair value of shares vested for stock option plan   $ 22 20 18  
Regular and Performance Stock Options | Minimum          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]          
Vesting period   12 months      
Regular and Performance Stock Options | Maximum          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]          
Vesting period   48 months      
PSUs          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]          
Granted (in shares) | shares   611,516     415,660
Grant date fair value   $ 68      
Share-based liabilities paid   $ 48 $ 54 $ 86  
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Share-Based Liabilities Paid, Associated Shares | shares 381,759        
Performance Deferred Share Units          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]          
Granted (in shares) | shares   24,149 25,589 26,333 13,506
Grant date fair value   $ 3      
Matching % of DSU's granted to senior managers   25.00%      
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Nonvested     $ 2    
PSUs and PDSUs          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]          
Stock-based compensation expense   $ 8 $ 72 $ 78  
Unrecognized compensation expense   $ 16      
Weighted-average period of recognition for unrecognized compensation   1 year 3 months 18 days      
Granted (in shares) | shares   635,665 593,748    
PSUs and PDSUs | Minimum          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]          
Vesting period   3 years      
PSUs and PDSUs | Maximum          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]          
Vesting period   4 years      
DSUs          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]          
Stock-based compensation expense   $ 7 $ 1 10  
Vesting period   36 months      
Unrecognized compensation expense   $ 1      
Weighted-average period of recognition for unrecognized compensation   1 year 9 months 18 days      
Granted (in shares) | shares   91,071 71,082    
Grant date fair value   $ 10      
Matching % of DSU's granted to senior managers   25.00%      
Number of trading days   10 days      
Share-based liabilities paid   $ 4 $ 9 2  
Ownership target period   5 years      
Employee Share Purchase Plan          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]          
Stock-based compensation expense   $ 13 $ 12 $ 11  
Vesting period   1 year      
Maximum percentage of annual salary that an employee can contribute   6.00%      
Number of shares purchased on behalf of participants | shares   737,804 746,544 600,730  
Employer contributions   $ 17 $ 17 $ 15  
Employer matching ratio per dollar contributed   0.3333      
Performance Shares, Initial Group          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]          
Granted (in shares) | shares     568,159 544,175  
Performance Shares, Remaining          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]          
Granted (in shares) | shares       347,236  
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One | PSUs          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]          
Payout percentage   91.00% 120.00%    
PSUs vested in period (in shares) | shares   461,766      
Fair value of PSUs vested in period   $ 43      
Number of trading days   30 days      
Share-based liabilities paid $ 48        
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One | Performance Deferred Share Units          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]          
PSUs vested in period (in shares) | shares   26,555      
Fair value of PSUs vested in period   $ 3      
v3.25.4
Stock-based compensation - Stock Option Plan (Details) - Stock Option Plan - CAD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Number of options, Options outstanding (in shares)      
Outstanding, January 1 (in shares) 5,734,600    
Granted (in shares) 967,335    
Exercised (in shares) (1,395,289)    
Forfeited (in shares) (33,387)    
Outstanding, December 31 (in shares) 5,273,259 5,734,600  
Vested or expected to vest at December 31 (in shares) 5,228,360    
Exercisable, December 31 (in shares) 3,175,301    
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]      
Outstanding, January 1 (cad per share) $ 86.59    
Granted (cad per share) 107.65    
Exercised (cad per share) 52.19    
Forfeited (cad per share) 89.76    
Outstanding at December 31 (cad per share) 96.68 $ 86.59  
Vested or expected to vest as at December 31 (cad per share) 96.59    
Exercisable at December 31 (cad per share) $ 89.02    
Number of options, Nonvested options (in shares)      
Non-vested, Outstanding January 1 (in shares) 2,043,630    
Granted (in shares) 967,335    
Vested (in shares) (879,620)    
Non-vested, Forfeited (in shares) (33,387)    
Non-vested, Outstanding December 31 (in shares) 2,097,958 2,043,630  
Weighted average grant date fair value, Nonvested options      
Non-vested, outstanding, January 1 (cad per share) $ 27.68    
Non-vested, granted (cad per share) 28.81 $ 33.27 $ 29.79
Vested (cad per share) 25.25    
Non-vested, forfeited (cad per share) 23.86    
Non-vested, outstanding, December 31 (cad per share) $ 29.32 $ 27.68  
Weighted average remaining term of vested or expected to vest options 3 years 6 months    
Aggregate intrinsic value of vested or expected to vest options $ 44    
v3.25.4
Stock-based compensation - Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable (Details) - Stock Option Plan
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
CAD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]  
Company's closing stock price (cad per share) $ 101.05
Options outstanding, number of options (in shares) | shares 5,273,259
Options outstanding, weighted-average years to expiration 3 years 6 months
Options outstanding, weighted-average exercise price (cad per share) $ 96.68
Options outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value | $ $ 44
Options exercisable, number of options (in shares) | shares 3,175,301
Options exercisable, weighted-average exercise price (cad per share) $ 89.02
Options exercisable, aggregate intrinsic value | $ $ 43
Number of stock options in-the-money (in shares) | shares 2,800,002
Weighted-average exercise price of stock options in-the-money (cad per share) $ 85.20
Weighted-average years to expiration 2 years
Price Range One  
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]  
Range of exercise prices, minimum (cad per share) $ 32.00
Range of exercise prices, maximum (cad per share) $ 91.53
Options outstanding, number of options (in shares) | shares 1,458,911
Options outstanding, weighted-average years to expiration 1 year 6 months
Options outstanding, weighted-average exercise price (cad per share) $ 75.07
Options outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value | $ $ 38
Options exercisable, number of options (in shares) | shares 1,371,745
Options exercisable, weighted-average exercise price (cad per share) $ 74.07
Options exercisable, aggregate intrinsic value | $ $ 37
Price Range Two  
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]  
Range of exercise prices, minimum (cad per share) $ 91.54
Range of exercise prices, maximum (cad per share) $ 99.01
Options outstanding, number of options (in shares) | shares 1,336,707
Options outstanding, weighted-average years to expiration 2 years 6 months
Options outstanding, weighted-average exercise price (cad per share) $ 96.20
Options outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value | $ $ 6
Options exercisable, number of options (in shares) | shares 1,231,257
Options exercisable, weighted-average exercise price (cad per share) $ 96.07
Options exercisable, aggregate intrinsic value | $ $ 6
Price Range Three  
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]  
Range of exercise prices, minimum (cad per share) $ 99.02
Range of exercise prices, maximum (cad per share) $ 109.46
Options outstanding, number of options (in shares) | shares 1,306,376
Options outstanding, weighted-average years to expiration 4 years 10 months 24 days
Options outstanding, weighted-average exercise price (cad per share) $ 106.55
Options outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value | $ $ 0
Options exercisable, number of options (in shares) | shares 379,836
Options exercisable, weighted-average exercise price (cad per share) $ 107.17
Options exercisable, aggregate intrinsic value | $ $ 0
Price Range Four  
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]  
Range of exercise prices, minimum (cad per share) $ 109.47
Range of exercise prices, maximum (cad per share) $ 115.47
Options outstanding, number of options (in shares) | shares 1,171,265
Options outstanding, weighted-average years to expiration 5 years 4 months 24 days
Options outstanding, weighted-average exercise price (cad per share) $ 113.14
Options outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value | $ $ 0
Options exercisable, number of options (in shares) | shares 192,463
Options exercisable, weighted-average exercise price (cad per share) $ 114.67
Options exercisable, aggregate intrinsic value | $ $ 0
v3.25.4
Stock-based compensation - Weighted-Average Fair Value Assumptions (Details) - Stock Option Plan - $ / shares
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Expected option life (years) 4 years 9 months 4 years 9 months 4 years 9 months
Risk-free interest rate 3.62% 3.88% 3.35%
Expected stock price volatility 25.43% 28.38% 28.44%
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Dividend Rate 0.79% 0.67% 0.72%
Estimated forfeiture rate 3.08% 3.12% 3.18%
Weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the year (cad per share) $ 28.81 $ 33.27 $ 29.79
v3.25.4
Stock-based compensation - Schedule of Options Exercised (Details) - Stock Option Plan - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Total intrinsic value $ 78 $ 92 $ 101
Cash received by the Company upon exercise of options $ 73 $ 69 $ 69
v3.25.4
Stock-based compensation - Summary of Performance Share Units Plan (Details) - PSUs and PDSUs - shares
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Outstanding [Roll Forward] (in shares)    
Outstanding, January 1 (in shares) 1,743,733 1,678,553
Granted (in shares) 635,665 593,748
Issued in lieu of dividends (in shares) 15,950 12,843
Settled (in shares) (384,486) (401,182)
PDSUs converted into DSUs (in shares) (8,426) (11,461)
Forfeited (in shares) (60,702) (128,768)
Outstanding, December 31 (in shares) 1,941,734 1,743,733
v3.25.4
Stock-based compensation - Summary of Deferred Share Units Plan (Details) - DSUs - shares
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward] (in shares)    
Outstanding, January 1 (in shares) 903,054 899,818
Granted (in shares) 91,071 71,082
PDSUs converted into DSUs (in shares) 12,572 14,079
Issued in lieu of dividends (in shares) 7,758 6,253
Settled (in shares) (41,005) (82,624)
Forfeited (in shares) (3,095) (5,554)
Outstanding, December 31 (in shares) 970,355 903,054
v3.25.4
Stock-based compensation - Summary of Total Share Based Liabilities (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Share-based liabilities paid $ 64 $ 64 $ 89
PSUs      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Share-based liabilities paid 48 54 86
DSUs      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Share-based liabilities paid 4 9 2
Other      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Share-based liabilities paid $ 12 $ 1 $ 1
v3.25.4
Variable interest entities - Narrative (Details)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
CAD ($)
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]  
Future minimum lease payments before tax $ 488
Variable Interest Entity, Not Primary Beneficiary  
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]  
Lease payments before tax 12
Future minimum lease payments before tax $ 41
v3.25.4
Commitments and contingencies (Details)
$ in Millions, $ in Millions, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Jan. 05, 2024
USD ($)
Oct. 20, 2023
CAD ($)
Aug. 30, 2023
CAD ($)
Jan. 13, 2023
plaintiff
Oct. 20, 2022
CAD ($)
Jan. 24, 2022
procedural_ground
Dec. 31, 2025
CAD ($)
claim
plaintiff
Dec. 31, 2025
USD ($)
claim
plaintiff
Dec. 31, 2025
MXN ($)
claim
plaintiff
Sep. 30, 2024
CAD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]                    
Future committed expenditures             $ 4,397      
Lytton B.C wildfire & B.C Fraser canyon flooding                    
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]                    
Former gain contingency, recognized in current period                   $ 51
Foreign Tax Jurisdiction | Mexican Tax Authority | Tax Year 2014                    
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]                    
Income tax examination, estimate of possible loss             499   $ 6,552  
WD Trustee                    
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]                    
Damages awarded, value $ 3.9                  
Lac-Megantic Rail Accident                    
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]                    
Number of plaintiffs | plaintiff       3            
Lac-Megantic Rail Accident | Claimed damages as a result of derailment                    
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]                    
Amount to be distributed             440      
Lac-Megantic Rail Accident | Quebec Minister of Sustainable Development, Environment, Wildlife and Parks                    
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]                    
Value of damages sought             95      
Lac-Megantic Rail Accident | Attorney General of Quebec                    
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]                    
Value of damages sought             231      
Value of damages previously sought             409      
Lac-Megantic Rail Accident | Initial Subrogated Insurers | Subrogated insurance claim                    
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]                    
Value of damages sought             14      
Value of damages previously sought             $ 16      
Number of subrogated insurer claims | claim             8 8 8  
Lac-Megantic Rail Accident | Additional Subrogated Insurers | Subrogated insurance claim                    
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]                    
Value of damages sought             $ 3      
Number of subrogated insurer claims | claim             2 2 2  
Lac-Megantic Rail Accident | Class Action Plaintiffs                    
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]                    
Value of damages sought             $ 5      
Number of plaintiffs | plaintiff             48 48 48  
Number of plaintiffs who opted out | plaintiff             2 2 2  
Number of bankruptcy procedural grounds | procedural_ground           2        
Lac-Megantic Rail Accident | MMAR Estate Representative | Damages for loss in business value                    
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]                    
Value of damages sought               $ 30.0    
Lac-Megantic Rail Accident | WD Trustee | Damaged railcars and lost crude recovery                    
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]                    
Value of damages sought               6.0    
Lac-Megantic Rail Accident | WD Trustee | Reimbursement for settlement paid by consignor                    
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]                    
Value of damages sought               110.0    
Lac-Megantic Rail Accident | WD Trustee | Reimbursement for settlement paid by consignee                    
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]                    
Value of damages sought               $ 60.0    
Remington Development Corporation legal claim | Remington Development Corporation | Breach of contract                    
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items]                    
Damages awarded, value     $ 165   $ 164          
Total estimated damages, value   $ 232                
v3.25.4
Guarantees (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Guarantees [Abstract]    
Accrued guarantees $ 16 $ 8
v3.25.4
Segmented and geographic information - Narrative (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Number of operating segments 1
v3.25.4
Segmented and geographic information - Geographic Information (Details) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]      
Revenues $ 15,078 $ 14,546 $ 12,555
Long-lived assets: Properties and Operating lease ROU assets 55,745 56,388  
Canada      
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]      
Revenues 7,243 6,936 6,651
Long-lived assets: Properties and Operating lease ROU assets 17,559 16,536  
U.S.      
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]      
Revenues 5,124 4,988 4,257
Long-lived assets: Properties and Operating lease ROU assets 26,860 27,897  
Mexico      
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]      
Revenues 2,711 2,622 $ 1,647
Long-lived assets: Properties and Operating lease ROU assets $ 11,326 $ 11,955  
v3.25.4
Subsequent events (Details) - Senior Notes - 3.700% 10.5-year Notes
$ in Millions, $ in Millions
1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Feb. 28, 2026
USD ($)
Feb. 28, 2026
CAD ($)
Dec. 31, 2025
Subsequent Event [Line Items]      
Interest rate     3.70%
Debt term     10 years 6 months
Subsequent Event      
Subsequent Event [Line Items]      
Extinguishment of debt, amount $ 250 $ 339  
v3.25.4
Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Details) - Provisions for contingent liabilities(1) - CAD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]      
Balance as at January 1 $ 360 $ 314 $ 130
Impact of KCS Acquisition 0 44 215
Additions charged to expenses 136 171 191
Payments and other reductions (144) (194) (218)
Impact of FX (16) 25 (4)
Balance as at December 31 $ 336 $ 360 $ 314