UNUM GROUP, 10-K filed on 2/27/2025
Annual Report
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Document and Entity Information - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Feb. 25, 2025
Jun. 30, 2024
Entity Information [Line Items]      
Document Type 10-K    
Document Annual Report true    
Amendment Flag false    
Document Period End Date Dec. 31, 2024    
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2024    
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31    
Document Fiscal Period Focus FY    
Document Transition Report false    
Entity File Number 001-11294    
Entity Registrant Name Unum Group    
Entity Central Index Key 0000005513    
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code DE    
Entity Tax Identification Number 62-1598430    
Entity Address, Address Line One 1 Fountain Square    
Entity Address, City or Town Chattanooga,    
Entity Address, State or Province TN    
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 37402    
City Area Code 423    
Local Phone Number 294-1011    
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer Yes    
Entity Voluntary Filers No    
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes    
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes    
Entity Filer Category Large Accelerated Filer    
Entity Small Business false    
Entity Emerging Growth Company false    
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag true    
Document Financial Statement Error Correction false    
Entity Shell Company false    
Entity Public Float     $ 9,600,000,000
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   176,777,741  
Auditor Firm ID 42    
Auditor Name Ernst & Young LLP    
Auditor Location Chattanooga, Tennessee    
NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | Common Class A      
Entity Information [Line Items]      
Title of 12(b) Security Common stock, $0.10 par value    
Trading Symbol UNM    
Security Exchange Name NYSE    
NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 6.250% Junior Subordinated Notes due 2058      
Entity Information [Line Items]      
Title of 12(b) Security 6.250% Junior Subordinated Notes due 2058    
Trading Symbol UNMA    
Security Exchange Name NYSE    
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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Investments    
Fixed Maturity Securities - at fair value (amortized cost of $38,269.9; $38,410.6; allowance for credit losses of $2.8; $2.2) $ 35,629.9 $ 36,833.9
Mortgage Loans (net of allowance for credit losses of $16.1; $10.2) 2,224.5 2,318.2
Policy Loans 3,617.2 3,620.2
Other Long-term Investments 1,694.4 1,579.4
Short-term Investments 2,540.3 1,610.7
Total Investments 45,706.3 45,962.4
Other Assets    
Cash and Bank Deposits 162.8 146.0
Accounts and Premiums Receivable (net of allowance for credit losses of $26.8; $29.5) 1,459.0 1,543.7
Reinsurance Recoverable (net of allowance for credit losses of $1.5; $1.7) 8,296.4 9,108.4
Accrued Investment Income 649.8 633.9
Deferred Acquisition Costs 2,842.8 2,714.5
Goodwill 349.1 349.9
Property and Equipment 487.6 485.3
Deferred Income Tax 369.7 649.4
Other Assets 1,635.8 1,661.7
Total Assets 61,959.3 63,255.2
Liabilities    
Future Policy Benefits 36,806.4 40,009.4
Policyholders' Account Balances 5,633.7 5,667.7
Unearned Premiums 384.0 380.2
Other Policyholders' Funds 1,526.7 1,615.7
Income Tax Payable 226.5 190.0
Deferred Income Tax 31.0 27.0
Short-term debt 274.6 0.0
Long-term Debt 3,465.2 3,430.4
Other Liabilities 2,650.1 2,283.4
Total Liabilities 50,998.2 53,603.8
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities - Note 16
Stockholders' Equity    
Common Stock, $0.10 par; authorized: 725,000,000 shares; issued: 195,460,723 and 194,588,625 shares 19.5 19.4
Additional Paid-in Capital 1,489.6 1,547.8
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (2,523.7) (3,308.0)
Retained Earnings 12,914.0 11,431.5
Treasury Stock - at cost: 16,871,752 and 1,216,528 shares (938.3) (39.3)
Total Stockholders' Equity 10,961.1 9,651.4
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity $ 61,959.3 $ 63,255.2
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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Investments    
Amortized Cost of Fixed Maturity Securities $ 38,269.9 $ 38,410.6
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss for Fixed Maturity Securities 2.8 2.2
Allowance for credit losses for Mortgage Loans 16.1 10.2
Other Assets    
Premium Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss 26.8 29.5
Reinsurance Recoverable, Allowance for Credit Loss $ 1.5 $ 1.7
Stockholders' Equity, Number of Shares, Par Value and Other Disclosure    
Common Stock, Par Value (in dollars per share) $ 0.10 $ 0.10
Common Stock, Shares Authorized 725,000,000 725,000,000
Common Stock, Shares Issued 195,460,723 194,588,625
Treasury Stock, Shares at Cost 16,871,752 1,216,528
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue      
Premium Income $ 10,497.4 $ 10,046.0 $ 9,616.5
Net Investment Income 2,130.0 2,096.7 2,122.2
Net Investment Loss (34.6) (36.0) (15.7)
Other Income 294.5 279.2 261.1
Total Revenue 12,887.3 12,385.9 11,984.1
Benefits and Expenses      
Policy Benefits 7,480.2 7,311.9 7,542.1
Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Gain 562.3 54.8 547.5
Commissions 1,258.6 1,170.1 1,086.4
Interest and Debt Expense 201.1 194.8 188.5
Cost Related to Early Retirement of Debt 0.0 0.0 4.2
Deferral of Acquisition Costs (651.5) (632.2) (556.9)
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs 521.0 481.4 421.1
Compensation Expense 1,166.2 1,162.6 1,089.5
Other Expenses 1,222.7 1,112.0 1,006.7
Total Benefits and Expenses 10,636.0 10,745.8 10,234.1
Income Before Income Tax 2,251.3 1,640.1 1,750.0
Income Tax      
Current 432.1 452.0 473.5
Income Tax - Deferred 40.1 (95.7) (130.7)
Total Income Tax 472.2 356.3 342.8
Net Income $ 1,779.1 $ 1,283.8 $ 1,407.2
Net Income Per Common Share      
Basic $ 9.49 $ 6.53 $ 7.01
Assuming Dilution $ 9.46 $ 6.50 $ 6.96
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]      
Net Income $ 1,779.1 $ 1,283.8 $ 1,407.2
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)      
Change in Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities (net of tax expense (benefit) of $(226.6); $300.6; $(1,890.8)) (836.1) 1,109.3 (7,042.8)
Change in the Effect of Discount Rate Assumptions on the Liability for Future Policy Benefits, Net of Reinsurance (net of tax expense (benefit) of $488.9; $(256.5); $2,385.1) 1,833.8 (962.3) 8,884.6
Change in Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives (net of tax benefit of $51.5; $17.0; $19.2) (197.0) (64.1) (71.4)
Change in Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment (net of tax expense (benefit) of $1.1; $0.9; $(0.1)) (21.9) 69.0 (116.0)
Change in Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs (net of tax expense (benefit) of $12.0; $(2.7); $18.9) (5.5) 11.6 (61.9)
Total Other Comprehensive Income 784.3 140.3 1,716.3
Comprehensive Income $ 2,563.4 $ 1,424.1 $ 3,123.5
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STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]      
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Change in Net Unrealized Gain on Securities $ (226.6) $ 300.6 $ (1,890.8)
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Change in the Effect of Discount Rate Assumptions on the Liability for Future Policy and Contract Benefits 488.9 (256.5) 2,385.1
Income Tax Benefit, Change in Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives (51.5) (17.0) (19.2)
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Change in Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment 1.1 0.9 (0.1)
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Change in Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs $ 12.0 $ (2.7) $ 18.9
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Total
Common Stock
Additional Paid-in Capital
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Retained Earnings
Treasury Stock, Common
Balance at Beginning of Year at Dec. 31, 2021   $ 30.7 $ 2,408.1 $ (5,164.6) $ 11,989.4 $ (3,229.7)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity            
Common Stock Activity   0.1 32.9      
Other Comprehensive Income $ 1,716.3     1,716.3    
Net Income 1,407.2       1,407.2  
Dividends to Stockholders (per common share: $1.57; $1.39; $1.26)         (255.3)  
Repurchases of Treasury Stock (200.1) [1]   0.0     (200.1)
Treasury Stock, Retired, Cost Method, Amount   0.0 0.0   0.0 0.0
Balance at End of Year at Dec. 31, 2022 8,735.0 30.8 2,441.0 (3,448.3) 13,141.3 (3,429.8)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity            
Common Stock Activity   0.1 21.3      
Other Comprehensive Income 140.3     140.3    
Net Income 1,283.8       1,283.8  
Dividends to Stockholders (per common share: $1.57; $1.39; $1.26)         (277.1)  
Repurchases of Treasury Stock (252.0) [1]   0.0     (252.0)
Treasury Stock, Retired, Cost Method, Amount (3,642.5) (11.5) (914.5)   (2,716.5) (3,642.5)
Balance at End of Year at Dec. 31, 2023 9,651.4 19.4 1,547.8 (3,308.0) 11,431.5 (39.3)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity            
Common Stock Activity   0.1 22.1      
Other Comprehensive Income 784.3     784.3    
Net Income 1,779.1       1,779.1  
Dividends to Stockholders (per common share: $1.57; $1.39; $1.26)         (296.6)  
Repurchases of Treasury Stock (979.3) [1]   (80.3)     (899.0)
Treasury Stock, Retired, Cost Method, Amount   0.0 0.0   0.0 0.0
Balance at End of Year at Dec. 31, 2024 $ 10,961.1 $ 19.5 $ 1,489.6 $ (2,523.7) $ 12,914.0 $ (938.3)
[1] Includes $80.3 million related to shares which settled in February 2025 in connection with the November 2024 accelerated share repurchase agreement (ASR), a de minimis amount of commissions for the year ended December 31, 2024, and $0.1 million of commissions for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Also includes $8.3 million and $1.9 million of excise tax for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There were no excise taxes during the year ended December 31, 2022.
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical) - $ / shares
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Common Stock, Dividends, Per Share, Cash Paid $ 1.57 $ 1.39 $ 1.26
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Cash Flows from Operating Activities      
Net Income $ 1,779.1 $ 1,283.8 $ 1,407.2
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities      
Change in Receivables 623.9 602.7 590.6
Change in Deferred Acquisition Costs (130.5) (150.8) (135.8)
Change in Insurance Liabilities (780.9) (313.2) (244.7)
Change in Income Taxes 97.6 (84.3) (31.3)
Change in Other Accrued Liabilities (32.3) (74.8) (113.9)
Non-cash Components of Net Investment Income (248.9) (240.3) (247.0)
Net Investment Loss 34.6 36.0 15.7
Depreciation 116.1 108.8 110.5
Amortization of the Cost of Reinsurance 41.4 44.1 50.3
Other, Net 13.1 (9.2) 17.1
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities 1,513.2 1,202.8 1,418.7
Cash Flows from Investing Activities      
Proceeds from Sales of Fixed Maturity Securities 877.3 1,062.7 559.5
Proceeds from Maturities of Fixed Maturity Securities 1,483.0 1,578.1 1,532.5
Proceeds from Sales and Maturities of Other Investments 332.1 360.0 445.9
Purchase of Fixed Maturity Securities (2,001.7) (2,991.4) (2,835.3)
Purchase of Other Investments (319.1) (361.2) (482.9)
Net Purchases of Short-term Investments (842.1) (141.0) (22.6)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Payables for Collateral on Investments 251.8 (98.3) (50.8)
Net Purchases of Property and Equipment (125.7) (134.8) (102.2)
Net Cash Used by Investing Activities (344.4) (725.9) (955.9)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities      
Short-term Debt Repayment 0.0 (2.0) 0.0
Issuance of Long-term Debt 391.6 0.0 349.2
Long-term Debt Repayment (350.0) 0.0 (364.0)
Cost Related to Early Retirement of Debt 0.0 0.0 3.6
Issuance of Common Stock 6.0 5.2 4.0
Repurchase of Common Stock (972.9) (250.1) (200.1)
Dividends Paid to Stockholders (296.5) (277.1) (254.2)
Proceeds from Policyholder Account Deposits 133.2 143.4 119.8
Payments for Policyholder Account Withdrawals (82.7) (87.0) (72.0)
Cash Received Related to Active Life Volatility Cover Agreement 26.7 18.6 5.2
Other, Net (7.4) (1.1) (2.9)
Net Cash Used by Financing Activities (1,152.0) (450.1) (418.6)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Bank Deposits 16.8 26.8 44.2
Cash and Bank Deposits at Beginning of Year 146.0 119.2 75.0
Cash and Bank Deposits at End of Year $ 162.8 $ 146.0 $ 119.2
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Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting policies and error corrections [Abstract]  
Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation: The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Unum Group and its subsidiaries (the Company) have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Such accounting principles differ from statutory accounting principles (see Note 18). Intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

Description of Business: We are a leading provider of financial protection benefits in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Poland. Our products include disability, life, accident, critical illness, dental and vision, and other solutions based services. We market our products primarily through the workplace.

We have three principal operating segments: Unum US, Unum International, and Colonial Life. Our other operating segments are Closed Block and Corporate. See Note 15 for further discussion of our operating segments.

Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Such estimates and assumptions could change in the future as more information becomes known, which could impact the amounts reported and disclosed herein.

In accordance with standard practice, we regularly review the methodology used in the development of all key estimates. As a result of this review, in 2022, we updated our estimate of the unearned premium reserve for certain of our product lines to utilize a gross unearned premium reserve rather than a net unearned premium reserve. The effect of this change in estimate was to decrease 2022 premium income by $13.4 million and decrease commissions by $1.0 million. This resulted in a decrease to net income of $9.8 million and a decrease to both basic and diluted earnings per share by $0.05.

Fixed Maturity Securities: Fixed maturity securities include long-term bonds and redeemable preferred stocks. Our fixed maturity securities are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value. Changes in the fair value of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities, except for amounts related to impairment and credit losses recognized in earnings, are reported as a component of other comprehensive income, net of income tax. Realized investment gains or losses are based upon specific identification of the investments sold.

Interest income is recorded as part of net investment income when earned, using an effective yield method giving effect to amortization of premium and accretion of discount. Included within fixed maturity securities are mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities.  We recognize investment income on these securities using a constant effective yield based on projected prepayments of the underlying loans and the estimated economic life of the securities.  Actual prepayment experience is reviewed periodically, and effective yields are recalculated when differences arise between prepayments originally projected and the actual prepayments received and currently projected.  The effective yield is recalculated on a retrospective basis, and the adjustment is reflected in net investment income. For fixed maturity securities on which collection of investment income is uncertain, we discontinue the accrual of investment income and recognize investment income when interest and dividends are received. Payment terms specified for fixed maturity securities may include a prepayment penalty for unscheduled payoff of the investment.  Prepayment penalties are recognized as investment income when received.

In determining when a decline in fair value below amortized cost of a fixed maturity security is a credit loss, we evaluate available information, both positive and negative, in reaching our conclusions. In particular, we consider the strength of the issuer's balance sheet, its debt obligations and near-term funding requirements, cash flow and liquidity, the profitability of its core businesses, the availability of marketable assets which could be sold to increase liquidity, its industry fundamentals and regulatory environment, and its access to capital markets. Although all available and applicable factors are considered in our analysis, our expectation of recovering the entire amortized cost basis of the security, whether we intend to sell the security, whether it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost, and whether the security is current on principal and interest payments are the most critical factors in determining whether impairments represent credit losses. The significance of the decline in value is also an important factor, but we generally do not record an impairment loss based solely on this factor, since often other more relevant factors will impact our evaluation of a security.

For securities with a decline in fair value below amortized cost which we intend to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell before recovery in value, the amortized cost of the investment is written down to fair value through earnings, and an impairment loss is recognized in the current period. For securities that we believe are impaired and which we do not intend to
sell and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell before recovery in value, we calculate an allowance for credit losses recognized in earnings which generally represents the difference between the amortized cost of the security and the present value of our best estimate of cash flows expected to be collected, discounted using the effective interest rate implicit in the security at the date of acquisition and limited by the difference between amortized cost and fair value of the security. For fixed maturity securities for which we have recognized an allowance for credit loss through earnings, if through subsequent evaluation there is a significant increase in expected cash flows, the allowance is reduced and is recognized as a reduction to credit losses in the current period. When an allowance for credit losses on a fixed maturity security is recognized, we designate non-accrual status for those securities.  We reverse all previously accrued interest through interest income and use a cash basis method for recognizing any future payments received. See Notes 2 and 3.

Mortgage Loans: Mortgage loans are generally held for investment and are carried at amortized cost less an allowance for expected credit losses. Interest income is accrued on the principal amount of the loan based on the loan's contractual interest rate. Prepayment penalties are recognized as investment income when received. For mortgage loans on which collection of interest income is uncertain, we discontinue the accrual of interest and recognize it in the period when an interest payment is received. We typically do not resume the accrual of interest on mortgage loans on nonaccrual status until there are significant improvements in the underlying financial condition of the borrower. We consider a loan to be delinquent if full payment is not received in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan.

We evaluate each of our mortgage loans individually for impairment and assign an internal credit quality rating based on a comprehensive rating system used to evaluate the credit risk of the loan. Although all available and applicable factors are considered in our analysis, loan-to-value and debt service coverage ratios are the most critical factors in determining impairment. We estimate an allowance for credit losses that we expect to incur over the life of our mortgage loans using a probability of default method. For each loan, we estimate the probability that the loan will default before its maturity (probability of default) and the amount of the loss if the loan defaults (loss given default). These two factors result in an expected loss percentage that is applied to the amortized cost of each loan to determine the expected credit loss. As we are typically the original underwriter of the mortgage loans, the amortized cost generally equals the principal amount of the loan. We measure losses on defaults of our mortgage loans as the excess amortized cost of the mortgage loan over the fair value of the underlying collateral in the event that we foreclose on the loan or over the expected future cash flows of the loan if we retain the mortgage loan until payoff. We do not purchase mortgage loans with existing credit impairments.

In estimating the probability of default, we consider historical experience, current market conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts about the future market conditions. We utilize our historical loan experience in combination with a large third-party industry database for a period of time that aligns with the average life of our loans based on the maturity dates of the loans and prepayment experience. Our model utilizes an industry database of the historical loss experience based on our actual portfolio characteristics such as loan-to-value, debt service coverage, collateral type, geography, and late payment history. In addition, because we actively manage our portfolio, we may extend the term of a loan in certain situations and will accordingly extend the maturity date in the estimate of probability of default. In estimating the loss given default, we primarily consider the type and value of collateral and secondarily the expected liquidation costs and time to recovery.

The primary market factors that we consider in our forecast of future market conditions are gross domestic product, unemployment rates, interest rates, inflation, commercial real estate values, household formation, and retail sales. We also forecast certain loan specific factors such as growth in the fair value and net operating income of collateral by property type. We include our estimate of these factors over a two-year period and for the remainder of the loans’ estimated lives, adjusted for estimated prepayments. Past the two-year forecast period, we revert to the historical assumptions ratably by the end of the fifth year of the loan after which we utilize only historical assumptions.

We utilize various scenarios to estimate our allowance for expected losses ranging from a base case scenario that reflects normal market conditions to a severe case scenario that reflects adverse market conditions. We will adjust our allowance each period to utilize the scenario or weighting of the scenarios that best reflects our view of current market conditions. Additions and reductions to our allowance for credit losses on mortgage loans are reported as a component of net investment gains and losses. See Note 3.
Policy Loans: Policy loans are presented at the unpaid balances directly related to policyholders. Interest income is accrued on the principal amount of the loan based on the loan's contractual interest rate. Included in policy loans are $3,313.6 million and $3,322.5 million of policy loans ceded to reinsurers at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Other Long-term Investments: Other long-term investments are comprised primarily of private equity partnerships, real estate, perpetual preferred stock, common stock, tax credit partnerships, and derivatives - which are described in "Derivative Financial Instruments" below.

Our investments in private equity partnerships are passive in nature and represent funds that are primarily invested in private credit, private equity, and real assets. We account for our investments in these partnerships using either the equity method or at fair value through net income depending on the level of ownership and the degree of our influence over partnership operating and financial policies. For investments in partnerships accounted for under the equity method, we report our investments at our share of the partnership's net asset value (NAV) and record our portion of partnership earnings as a component of net investment income. For investments in partnerships accounted for at fair value through net income, we also report our investments at our share of the partnership's NAV as a practical expedient for fair value with increases or decreases recorded as a component of net investment income. Distributions received from the funds arise from income generated by the underlying investments as well as the liquidation of the underlying investments and there is generally not a public market for these investments.

Investment real estate is primarily comprised of property held for the production of income and property held for sale. Property held for the production of income is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and any write-downs to fair value for impairment losses. Depreciation is recorded on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset. A review for impairment is made whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying value of the property exceeds the expected undiscounted cash flows generated from the property, at which point the carrying value is written down to an estimated fair value. Real estate held for sale is carried at the lower of depreciated cost or fair value less estimated selling costs and is not further depreciated once classified as such.

Our perpetual preferred stocks are valued at fair value, based on quoted market prices, where available. For preferred stocks not actively traded, fair values are estimated using values obtained from independent pricing services. Our investments in common stock are valued at fair value. Our shares of Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) common stock are carried at cost, which approximates fair value.

Tax credit partnerships in which we have invested were formed for the purpose of investing in the construction and rehabilitation of low-income housing.  Because the partnerships are structured such that there is no return of principal, the primary sources of investment return from our tax credit partnerships are tax credits and tax benefits derived from passive losses on the investments, both of which may exhibit variability over the life of the investment.  These partnerships are accounted for using either the proportional or the effective yield method, depending primarily on whether the tax credits are guaranteed through a letter of credit, a tax indemnity agreement, or another similar arrangement. Tax credits received from these partnerships are reported in our consolidated statements of income as either a reduction of premium tax or a reduction of income tax. The amortization of the principal amount invested in these partnerships is reported as a component of either premium tax or income tax.

See Notes 2, 3, and 4 for further discussion of our other long-term investments.

Short-term Investments: Short-term investments are carried at cost. Short-term investments include investments maturing within one year of purchase, such as corporate commercial paper and Treasury bills, bank term deposits, and other cash accounts and cash equivalents earning interest.

Cash and Bank Deposits: Cash and bank deposits include cash on hand and non-interest bearing cash and deposit accounts.

Derivative Financial Instruments: Derivative financial instruments (including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts) are recognized as either other long-term investments or other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets and are reported at fair value. The accounting for a derivative depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a
hedging relationship, and further, on the type of hedging relationship. To qualify for hedge accounting, at the inception of the hedging transaction, we formally document the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedging transaction, as well as the designation of the hedge as either a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge. Included in this documentation is how the hedging instrument is expected to hedge the designated risk related to specific assets or liabilities on the balance sheet or to specific forecasted transactions as well as a description of the method that will be used to retrospectively and prospectively assess the hedging instrument's effectiveness.

A derivative designated as a hedging instrument must be assessed as being highly effective in offsetting the designated risk of the hedged item. Hedge effectiveness is formally assessed at inception and periodically throughout the life of the designated hedging relationship, using qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative methods include comparison of critical terms of the derivative to the hedged item. Quantitative methods include regression or other statistical analysis of changes in fair value or cash flows associated with the hedge relationship.

Changes in the fair value of a derivative designated as a fair value hedge and changes in the fair value of the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged are recognized in earnings as a component of net investment gain or loss during the period of change in fair value.  For gains or losses on the derivative instrument that are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness, those gains and losses are recognized in other comprehensive income or loss and amortized into earnings in the same income statement line as the related hedged item. The gain or loss on the termination of a fair value hedge is recognized in earnings as a component of net investment gain or loss during the period in which the termination occurs. When interest rate swaps are used in hedge accounting relationships, periodic settlements are recorded in the same income statement line as the related settlements of the hedged items.

Changes in the fair value of a derivative designated as a cash flow hedge are reported in other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings and reported on the same income statement line item as the hedged item and in the same period or periods during which the hedged item affects earnings. The gain or loss on the termination of an effective cash flow hedge is reported in other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings and reported on the same income statement line item as the hedged item and in the same period or periods during which the hedged item affects earnings.

Gains or losses on the termination of ineffective fair value or cash flow hedges are reported in earnings as a component of net investment gain or loss. In the event a hedged item is disposed of or the anticipated transaction being hedged is no longer likely to occur, we will terminate the related derivative and recognize the gain or loss on termination in current earnings as a component of net investment gain or loss. In the event a hedged item is disposed of subsequent to the termination of the hedging transaction, we reclassify any remaining gain or loss on the hedge out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI) into earnings as a component of the same income statement line item wherein we report the gain or loss on disposition of the hedged item.

For a derivative not designated as a hedging instrument, changes in the fair value of the derivative, together with the payment of periodic fees, if applicable, are recognized in the same income statement line item as the hedged item during the period of change in fair value.

Cash flows related to derivative contracts are included in the consolidated statements of cash flows, coinciding with the timing of the underlying exposure. Cash inflows are included as a component of proceeds from sales and maturities of other investments. Cash outflows are included as a component of purchases of other investments.

In our consolidated balance sheets, we do not offset fair value amounts recognized for derivatives executed with the same counterparty under a master netting agreement and fair value amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral or the obligation to return cash collateral arising from those master netting agreements. See Notes 2, 3, and 4.

Fair Value Measurement: Certain assets and liabilities are reported at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets and in our notes to our consolidated financial statements. We define fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Therefore, fair value represents an exit price, not an entry price. The exit price objective applies regardless of our intent and/or ability to sell the asset or transfer the liability at the measurement date. Assets or liabilities with readily available actively quoted prices or for
which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices in active markets generally have more pricing observability and less judgment utilized in measuring fair value. When actively quoted prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted prices in markets that are not active, quoted prices for similar but not identical assets or liabilities, or other observable inputs. If observable inputs are not available, unobservable inputs and/or adjustments to observable inputs requiring management judgment are used to determine fair value. We categorize our assets and liabilities measured at estimated fair value into a three-level hierarchy, based on the significance of the inputs. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to inputs which are unadjusted and represent quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). See Note 2.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Premiums Receivable: We establish an allowance for credit losses on premiums receivable, which is deducted from the gross amount of our receivable balance, to present the net amount we expect to collect on this asset. The allowance is forward-looking in nature and is calculated based on considerations regarding both historical events and future expectations. Periodic changes in the allowance are recorded through earnings.

The allowance on our premiums receivable is primarily determined using an aging analysis as well as historical lapse and delinquency rates by product line, adjusted for key factors that may impact our future expectation of premium receipts such as changes in customer demographics, business practices, economic conditions, and product offerings. We write off premiums receivable amounts when determined to be uncollectible, which is based on various factors, including the aging of premiums receivable past the due date and specific communication with customers. At December 31, 2024, and 2023, the allowance for expected credit losses on premiums receivable was $26.8 million and $29.5 million, respectively, on gross premiums receivable of $584.1 million and $612.4 million, respectively. The decrease in the allowance of $2.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 was driven primarily by the decrease in gross premiums receivable. The decrease in the allowance of $3.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 was driven primarily by improvements in the age of premiums receivable.

Deferred Acquisition Costs: Incremental direct costs associated with the successful acquisition of new or renewal insurance contracts have been deferred. Such costs include non-level commissions, other agency compensation, certain selection and policy issue expenses, and certain field expenses. Acquisition costs that do not vary with the production of new business, such as commissions on group products which are generally level throughout the life of the policy, are excluded from deferral.

Our insurance contracts are grouped by product type and contract issue year into cohorts consistent with the grouping used to estimate the related contract liabilities. Deferred acquisition costs (DAC) are amortized on a constant level basis over the life of the policy. For all products, in-force volume metrics are used as the constant level basis. The lapse and mortality assumptions used to amortize DAC for our traditional long-duration products are consistent with the assumptions used to estimate the liability for future policy benefits. The underlying assumptions used to determine DAC amortization are updated concurrently with any related assumption changes for the liability for future policy benefits and changes in estimates are recognized prospectively over the remaining expected term of the related contracts. Amortization expense is adjusted based on actual versus expected experience through an adjustment to the prospective rate of amortization.

For certain products, policyholders can elect to modify product benefits, features, rights, or coverages by exchanging a contract for a new contract or by amendment, endorsement, or rider to a contract, or by the election of a feature or coverage within a contract. These transactions are known as internal replacement transactions, principally on group contracts. Internal replacement transactions wherein the modification does not substantially change the policy are accounted for as continuations of the replaced contracts. The original policy continues to be reflected as an in-force policy within its original cohort. The policy's expected life then impacts the amortization of remaining unamortized deferred acquisition costs within its cohort. The costs of replacing the policy are accounted for as policy maintenance costs and expensed as incurred. Internal replacement transactions that result in a policy that is substantially changed are accounted for as an extinguishment of the original policy and the issuance of a new policy. The original policy that was replaced is terminated from its original cohort and this termination is reflected in the amortization rate of remaining unamortized deferred acquisition costs for the cohort. The costs of acquiring the new policy are capitalized and amortized as part of a new cohort. See Note 8.

Goodwill: Goodwill is the excess of the amount paid to acquire a business over the fair value of the net assets acquired. We review the carrying amount of goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount might not be recoverable. Goodwill impairment testing compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill.  If the fair value of the reporting unit to which the goodwill relates is less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit in an amount not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. 

Property and Equipment: Property and equipment is reported at cost less accumulated depreciation, which is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful life. The accumulated depreciation for property and equipment was $1,501.3 million and $1,422.8 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Value of Business Acquired: Value of business acquired represents the present value of future profits recorded in connection with the acquisition of a block of insurance policies. The asset is amortized based upon expected future premium income for non-interest sensitive insurance policies and estimated future gross profits from surrender charges, mortality margins, investment returns, and expense margins for interest sensitive insurance policies. The value of business acquired, which is included in other assets in our consolidated balance sheets, was $55.1 million and $63.9 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The accumulated amortization for value of business acquired was $165.5 million and $161.8 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The amortization of value of business acquired, which is included in other expenses in the consolidated statements of income, was $6.2 million, $5.2 million, and $4.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. We
periodically review the carrying amount of value of business acquired and it is subject to recoverability testing.

Future Policy Benefits: Liabilities for future policy benefits represent the cost of claims that we estimate we will eventually pay to our policyholders which includes policy liabilities for claims not yet incurred and for claims that have been incurred or are estimated to have been incurred but not yet reported to us. Liabilities for future policy benefits also include the related expenses for our non interest-sensitive life and accident and health products. The liability for future policy benefits is calculated based on the present value of the estimated future policy benefits less the present value of estimated future net premiums collected. Net premiums represent the portion of the gross premium required to provide for all benefits and expenses, excluding acquisition costs or any costs that are required to be charged to expense as incurred. In calculating the liability for future policy benefits, our long-duration contracts are grouped into cohorts by product type and contract issue year.

The calculation of the liability for future policy benefits involves numerous assumptions including assumptions related to discount rate, lapses, mortality, and morbidity. The discount rate assumptions were initially set based on the expected investment yield of the assets supporting the reserves at the transition date of accounting standards update (ASU) 2018-12, which was January 1, 2021, for policies originally issued before the transition date. The discount rate assumptions for new cohorts established after the transition date, are initially set based on the policy issuance date or policy renewal date, and are based on an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument, which is generally equivalent to a single-A interest rate matched to the duration of our insurance liabilities. As cohorts are grouped by product type and issue year, a weighted average discount rate is utilized as policies are issued or renewed throughout the year. We utilize a reference portfolio of fixed-income instruments that have been A-rated by one of the major credit rating agencies. For products with liability cash flows that exceed the duration of observable single-A fixed income instruments, we use the last market observable yield and use extrapolation approaches to determine yield assumptions for durations beyond the last market observable duration. For the discount rate assumptions for products in our Unum International segment, we utilize observable market data in the local debt markets in the UK and Poland.
The initial, also referred to as the original, discount rate assumptions established for each cohort are used to determine interest accretion which is reported as a component of policy benefits on the statements of income. After policy issuance or policy renewal, the discount rate assumptions are updated quarterly and used to update the liability at each reporting date to the current discount rate, with the corresponding change reflected as the change in the effect of discount rate assumptions on the liability for future policy benefits, net of reinsurance, on the statement of changes in other comprehensive income (loss). Policyholder lapse and mortality assumptions reflect the probability that an insureds’ coverage is discontinued due to lapsation or death of the insured. For our life insurance products, mortality assumptions also reflect the probability that a benefit payment occurs. Policyholder lapse and mortality assumptions are based on our actual historical experience adjusted for future expectations. Claim incidence and claim resolution rate assumptions related to morbidity and mortality are based on actual experience or industry standards adjusted as appropriate to reflect our actual experience and future expectations. The claim incidence rate assumption is the rate at which new claims are submitted and the development of this assumption may involve many factors, including the age of the insured, the insured's occupation or industry, the benefit plan design, and certain external factors such as consumer confidence and levels of unemployment. The claim resolution rate assumption is the probability that a claim will close due to recovery or death of the insured and is used to estimate how long benefits will be paid on an open claim. Certain product lines may utilize additional assumptions in calculating the liability for future policy benefits in addition to those listed above such as premium rate increases for long-term care, benefit offsets for long-term disability, and claim costs for voluntary benefits. Claim costs capture the combined effect of the incidence rate, the expected level of benefit to be paid, and the claim resolution rate.

Cash flow assumptions are reviewed and updated, as needed, at least annually. Assumptions may be updated more frequently if necessary based on trending experience and future expectations. On a quarterly basis, cohort level cash flow measures are updated based on the emergence of actual experience. The updated cash flows are used to determine the updated net premiums and the net premium ratio, which is the present value of benefits and related expenses divided by the present value of gross premiums. The updated net premium ratio is used to calculate the updated liability for future policy benefits as of the beginning of the year, at the original discount rate. The change in the liability for future policy benefits, at the original discount rate, as of the beginning of the period, resulting from changes in cash flow assumptions and resulting from the emergence of actual experience from expected experience, is reflected as the policy benefits - remeasurement loss (gain) in the consolidated statements of income. The impact of all other changes in the liability for future policy benefits are reflected as policy benefits in the consolidated statements of income.

For most products, a net premium methodology is applied to each cohort to estimate the liability for claims not yet incurred in which discounted gross benefits are compared to discounted gross premiums. In this methodology, actual experience to date is combined with projected future cash flows to determine a net premium ratio for each cohort. The future cash flows include the costs of future expected claims as well as future cash flows on claims that have already been incurred. The net premium ratio is then used to estimate the liability for future policy benefits. The liability for future policy benefits represents the present value of future claims and associated expenses less the present value of future net premiums, which is derived by multiplying the present value of future gross premium by the net premium ratio.

For our group products in the Unum US and Unum International segments, we evaluate the liability for future policy benefits required for active policies in comparison to incurred claims. Given the term nature of the products, their renewal features, and level funding nature of the premium for these products, we have determined that the liability value is generally zero for policies that are not on claim. For these products, our liability for future policy benefit values are limited to the liability associated with claims incurred as of the valuation date.

Multiple estimation methods exist to establish liabilities for the incurred claim component of future policy benefits. Available reserving methods utilized to calculate these liabilities include the tabular reserve method, the paid loss development method, the incurred loss development method, the count and severity method, and the expected claim cost method. No single method is better than the others in all situations and for all product lines. The estimation methods we have chosen are those that we believe produce the most accurate and reliable liability.

We use a tabular reserve methodology on reported claims for our Unum US group long-term disability and individual disability claims as well as for our Closed Block long-term care claims. Under the tabular reserve methodology, the liability for reported claims is based on certain characteristics of the actual reported claimants and their related policy provisions, such
as age, length of time disabled, and medical diagnosis, as well as assumptions regarding claim duration, discount rate, and policy benefit offsets. We believe the tabular reserve method is the most accurate to calculate long-term liabilities and allows us to use the most available known facts about each claim. Incurred, but not reported (IBNR) liabilities for future policy benefits for our longer-term products are calculated using the count and severity method using historical patterns of the claims to be reported and the associated claim costs. For Unum US group short-term disability products, an estimate of the value of future payments to be made on claims already submitted, as well as on IBNR claims, is determined in aggregate using a paid loss development method rather than on the individual claimant basis that we use for reported claims on longer-term products. The average length of time between the event triggering a claim under a policy and the final resolution of those claims is much shorter for these products and results in less estimation variability.

Liabilities for claims for Unum US group life and accidental death and dismemberment products are related primarily to death claims reported but not yet paid, IBNR death claims, and a liability for waiver of premium benefits in the event the policyholder becomes disabled. The death claim liability is based on the actual face amount to be paid, the IBNR liability is calculated using the count and severity method based on historical patterns of the claims, and the waiver of premium benefits liability is calculated using the tabular reserve methodology.

Liabilities for claims related to the group and individual dental and vision products reported in our Unum US and Colonial Life segments have a short claim payout period. As a result, the liabilities, which primarily represent IBNR and a small amount of claims pending payment, are calculated using the paid loss development method.

Liabilities for future policy benefits supporting the group products within our Unum International segment are calculated using generally the same methodology that we use for Unum US group disability and group life liabilities. Liabilities for future policy benefits for our Unum UK group life dependent product, which provides an annuity to the beneficiary upon the death of an employee, are calculated using discounted cash flows, based on our assumptions for claim duration and discount rates. The assumptions used in calculating liabilities for future policy benefits for this segment are based on standard country-specific industry experience, adjusted for our own experience.

Certain products in the Colonial Life segment and the Unum US voluntary benefits product line have shorter-term benefits, which generally have less estimation variability than our longer-term products because of the shorter claim payout period. Our liabilities for future policy benefits for these lines of business are predominantly determined using the incurred loss development method based on our own experience. The incurred loss development method uses the historical patterns of payments by loss date to predict future claim payments for each loss date. Where the incurred loss development method may not be appropriate, we estimate the incurred claims using an expected claim cost per policy or other measure of exposure. See Note 6.

Policyholders' Account Balances: Policyholders' account balances primarily include our universal life and corporate-owned life insurance products. Policyholders' account balances reflect customer deposits and interest credited less cost of insurance, administration expenses, surrender charges, and customer withdrawals. Our unearned revenue reserve, claim reserves and certain other reserves related to our universal life products and corporate-owned life insurance products are also reported as a component of policyholders’ account balances. Policyholders' account balances require loss recognition testing. We perform loss recognition tests on these reserves annually, or more frequently if appropriate, using best estimate assumptions as of the date of the test, without a provision for adverse deviation. We group the policy reserves for each major product line within a reportable segment when we perform the loss recognition tests. If the excess of the present value of projected future benefits and claim settlement expenses over the present value of projected future gross premiums is greater than the existing policy reserves less any unearned revenue reserve or value of business acquired, the existing policy reserves would be increased to immediately recognize the insufficiency. This becomes the new basis for reserves going forward, subject to future loss recognition testing. Anticipated investment income, based on our anticipated portfolio yield rates after consideration for defaults and investment expenses, is considered when performing loss recognition testing for long-duration contracts. See note 7.
Other Policyholders' Funds: Other policyholders' funds represent customer deposits plus interest credited at contract rates. We control interest rate risk by investing in quality assets which have an aggregate duration that closely matches the expected duration of the liabilities.

Income Tax: Deferred taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial statement purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Deferred taxes have been measured using enacted statutory income tax rates and laws that are currently in effect. We record adjustments to our deferred taxes resulting from tax rate changes through income as of the date of enactment. We record deferred tax assets for tax positions taken in the U.S. and other tax jurisdictions based on our assessment of whether a position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination based solely on its technical merits.  A valuation allowance is established for deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that an amount will not be realized. We record tax expense related to Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income in the period in which it is incurred. We follow an aggregate portfolio approach to release disproportionate tax effects from AOCI upon disposal of an entire portfolio. See Note 9.

Short-term and Long-term Debt: Debt is generally carried at the unpaid principal balance, net of unamortized discount or premium and deferred debt issuance costs. Short-term debt consists of debt due within the next twelve months, including that portion of debt otherwise classified as long-term. The amortization of the original issue discount or premium as well as deferred debt issuance costs are recognized as a component of interest expense over the period the debt is expected to be outstanding. See Note 10.

Right-of-Use Asset (ROU) and Lease Liability: ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for a specified lease term and are included in other assets in our consolidated balance sheet. Lease liabilities represent the present value of lease payments that we are obligated to pay arising from a lease and are included in other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception through a formal process that evaluates our right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. We account for the lease and non-lease components of our building leases separately and have elected to use the available practical expedient to account for the lease and non-lease components of our equipment leases as a single component. All of our leases are classified as operating. For each operating lease, we calculate a lease liability at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term and a corresponding ROU asset, adjusted for lease incentives. We do not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities that arise from short-term leases for any class of underlying asset.

We consider the likelihood of renewal in determining the lease terms for the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liability. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate of interest, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. We use the implicit rate of interest when readily determinable.

Operating lease cost is calculated on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is included in other expenses in our consolidated statements of income. We amortize the ROU asset over the lease term on a pattern determined by the difference between the straight-line lease liability expense and the accretion of the imputed interest calculated on the lease liability. See Note 17.

Treasury Stock and Retirement of Common Stock: Treasury stock is reflected as a reduction of stockholders' equity at cost when repurchased shares are settled. When shares are retired, the par value is removed from common stock, and the excess of the repurchase price over par is allocated between additional paid-in capital and retained earnings. See Note 12.

Revenue Recognition: Our non-interest sensitive life and accident and health products are long-duration contracts, and premium income is recognized as revenue when due from policyholders. If the contracts are experience rated, the estimated ultimate premium is recognized as revenue over the period of the contract. The estimated ultimate premium, which is revised to reflect current experience, is based on estimated claim costs, expenses, and profit margins.
For interest sensitive products, the amounts collected from policyholders are considered deposits, and only the deductions during the period for cost of insurance, policy administration, and surrenders are included in revenue. Policyholders' funds represent funds deposited by contract holders and are not included in revenue.

Fees from our solutions business, which include leave management services and administrative-services only business are reported as other income when services are rendered.

Reinsurance: We routinely enter into reinsurance agreements with other insurance companies to spread risk and thereby limit losses from large exposures. For each of our reinsurance agreements, we determine if the agreement provides indemnification against loss or liability relating to insurance risk in accordance with applicable accounting standards. If we determine that a reinsurance agreement does not expose the reinsurer to a reasonable possibility of a significant loss from insurance risk, we record the agreement using the deposit method of accounting.

Reinsurance activity is accounted for on a basis consistent with the terms of the reinsurance contracts and the accounting used for the original policies issued. Premium income, policy benefits, and policy benefits - remeasurement gain or loss are presented in our consolidated statements of income net of reinsurance ceded. Ceded liabilities for future policy benefits, policyholders' account balances and unearned premiums are reported on a gross basis in our consolidated balance sheets, as are ceded policy loans. Our reinsurance recoverable includes the balances due from reinsurers under the terms of the reinsurance agreements for these ceded balances as well as settlement amounts currently due.

For ceded reinsurance transactions occurring after January 1, 2021, the transition date of ASU 2018-12, in accordance with the provisions of the ASU related to non-contemporaneous reinsurance, we are required to establish the ceded reserves using an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument as of the reinsurance transaction date. However, the direct reserves for the reinsured block are calculated using the original discount rate utilized as of the transition date. Both the direct and ceded reserves are then remeasured at each reporting period using a current discount rate reflective of an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument, with the changes recognized in other comprehensive income(loss). While the total equity impact is neutral, the different original discount rates utilized for direct and ceded reserves result in disproportionate earnings impacts.
Where applicable, gains or costs recognized on reinsurance transactions are generally deferred and amortized into earnings based upon expected future premium income for non-interest sensitive insurance policies and estimated future gross profits for interest sensitive insurance policies. Gains or costs recognized on reinsurance transactions for non-interest sensitive products for which we no longer receive premiums are generally deferred and amortized into earnings based upon expected claim reserve patterns. The cost of reinsurance included in other assets in our consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $508.0 million and $549.4 million. The deferred gain on reinsurance included in other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $4.9 million and $8.8 million, respectively.

Under ceded reinsurance agreements wherein we are not relieved of our legal liability to our policyholders, if the assuming reinsurer is unable to meet its obligations, we remain contingently liable. We evaluate the financial condition of reinsurers and monitor concentration of credit risk to minimize this exposure. We may also require assets in trust, letters of credit, or other acceptable collateral to support our reinsurance recoverable balances. We estimate an allowance for expected credit losses for our reinsurance recoverable balance using a probability of default approach which incorporates key inputs and assumptions regarding market factors, counterparty credit ratings, and collateral received. When calculating our allowance, we apply these market factors to the net amount of our credit exposure, which considers collateral arrangements such as letters of credit and trust accounts. We evaluate the factors used to determine our allowance on a quarterly basis to consider material changes in our assumptions and make adjustments accordingly. The allowance for expected credit losses on reinsurance recoverable was $1.5 million at December 31, 2024 and $1.7 million at December 31, 2023. See Note 14.

Premium Tax Expense: Premium tax expense is included in other expenses in the consolidated statements of income. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, premium tax expense was $194.5 million, $183.5 million, and $169.3 million, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation: Restricted stock units and stock success units are valued based on the fair value of common stock at the grant date. The fair value of performance units and cash incentive units is based on the Monte-Carlo valuation model. We evaluate whether there are any events which would require an adjustment to the price of common stock at the grant
date. No adjustments have been made to any grant date prices for any awards as of December 31, 2024 or 2023. Stock-based awards are expensed over the requisite service period, or for performance units over the requisite service period, or remaining service period, if and when it becomes probable that the performance conditions will be satisfied, with an offsetting increase to additional paid-in capital in stockholders' equity. The expense for certain of our awards is subject to accelerated recognition over the implicit service period for employees who have met the criteria for retirement eligibility. Forfeitures of stock-based awards are recognized as they occur. See Note 13.

Earnings Per Share: We compute basic earnings per share by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Earnings per share assuming dilution is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period plus the shares representing the dilutive effect of stock-based awards. In computing earnings per share assuming dilution, only potential common shares resulting from stock-based awards that are dilutive (those that reduce earnings per share) are included. We use the treasury stock method to account for the effect of nonvested stock awards on the computation of earnings per share assuming dilution. See Note 12.

Translation of Foreign Currency: Revenues and expenses of our foreign operations are translated at average exchange rates. Assets and liabilities are translated at the rate of exchange on the balance sheet dates. The translation gain or loss is generally reported in AOCI, net of income tax. We do not provide for deferred taxes to the extent unremitted foreign earnings are deemed permanently invested.

Accounting for Participating Individual Life Insurance: Participating policies issued by one of our subsidiaries prior to its 1986 conversion from a mutual to a stock life insurance company will remain participating as long as the policies remain in-force. A Participation Fund Account (PFA) was established for the benefit of all such individual participating life and annuity policies and contracts. The assets of the PFA provide for the benefit, dividend, and certain expense obligations of the participating individual life insurance policies and annuity contracts. The assets of the PFA were $231.3 million and $244.4 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles
Accounting Updates Adopted in 2024:

ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures

The amendments in this update enhanced disclosures of significant expenses for reportable segments. Specifically, the update added a requirement to disclose significant expenses that are regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) and are included in each reported measure of segment profit or loss. This update required the disclosure of the title and position of the CODM as well as an explanation of how they use the reported measure(s) to assess segment performance and make decisions about allocating resources. The update also required the disclosure of the amount and composition of other segment items, which is the difference between reported segment revenues less the significant segment expenses. The amendments in this update allow for the disclosure of more than one measure of segment profit or loss, provided that at least one of the reported measures includes the segment profit or loss measure that is most consistent with GAAP measurement principles.

The amendments in this update were applied retrospectively in the annual period ended as of December 31, 2024, and will be applied retrospectively for interim periods beginning January 1, 2025. The adoption of this update modified our disclosures but did not have an impact on our financial position or results of operations.
ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting and related amendments

The amendments in this update provided optional guidance, for a limited period of time, to ease the potential burden in accounting for and recognizing the effects of reference rate reform on financial reporting. The guidance allowed for various practical expedients and exceptions when applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected either by discontinued rates as a direct result of reference rate reform or a market-wide change in interest rates used for discounting, margining or contract price alignment, if certain criteria are met. Specifically, the guidance provided certain practical expedients for contract modifications, fair value hedges, and cash flow hedges, and also provided certain exceptions related to changes in the critical terms of a hedging relationship. The guidance also allowed for a one-time election to sell or transfer debt securities that were both classified as held-to-maturity prior to January 1, 2020 and referenced a rate affected by the reform.

The adoption of this update was permitted as of the beginning of the interim period that includes March 12, 2020 (the issuance date of the update), or any date thereafter, through December 31, 2024, at which point the guidance sunset. We have elected practical expedients for contracts impacted by reference rate reform which did not result in a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.
Accounting Updates Adopted in 2023:

ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures

The amendments in this update eliminated the troubled debt restructuring recognition and measurement guidance and instead required that an entity evaluate whether the modification represents a new loan or the continuation of an existing loan. The amendments also enhanced the disclosure requirements related to certain modifications of receivables made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, the amendments in this update required that an entity disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investment in leases.

The amendments in this update were applied prospectively in the period of adoption as of January 1, 2023. The adoption of this update modified our disclosures but did not have an impact on our financial position or results of operations.

ASU 2018-12, Financial Services—Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts and related amendments

This update significantly amended the accounting and disclosure requirements for long-duration insurance contracts. These changes included a requirement to review, and if necessary, update cash flow assumptions used to measure the liability for future policy benefits for traditional and limited-payment contracts at least annually, with changes recognized in earnings. In addition, an entity is required to update the discount rate assumption at each reporting date using a yield that is reflective of an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument with changes recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) (OCI). These changes resulted in the elimination of the provision for risk of adverse deviation and premium deficiency (or loss recognition) testing for traditional long-duration insurance contracts. The update also required that an entity measure all market risk benefits associated with deposit contracts at fair value, with changes recognized in earnings except for the portion attributable to a change in the instrument-specific credit risk, which is to be recognized in OCI. This update also simplified the amortization of deferred acquisition costs by requiring amortization on a constant level basis over the expected term of the related contracts. Deferred acquisition costs are required to be written off for unexpected contract terminations, but are no longer subject to an impairment test. Significant additional disclosures are required, which include disaggregated rollforwards of certain liability balances and the disclosure of qualitative and quantitative information about expected cash flows, estimates, and assumptions. We do not have products with market risk benefits.

We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective approach with changes applied as of January 1, 2021, also referred to as the transition date. All historically reported information included in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes were adjusted as of the transition date to reflect the modified retrospective adoption of ASU 2018-12.
Accounting Updates Adopted in 2022:

ASU 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity

The amendments in this update simplified the accounting for convertible instruments by removing certain separation models in the guidance related to convertible instruments and expanded related disclosure requirements. The amendments also revised the requirements for a contract or embedded derivative that is potentially settled in an entity's own stock to be classified as equity and also amended certain guidance related to the computations of earnings per share for convertible instruments and contracts in an entity's own stock. This guidance was applied in the period of adoption as of January 1, 2022. The adoption of this update did not have an effect on our financial position or results of operations, and did not expand our disclosures.

Accounting Updates Outstanding:

ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures

The amendments in this update require greater disaggregation of income tax disclosures related to the income tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. Specifically, the guidance requires additional information that meet a quantitative threshold in specified categories with respect to the reconciliation of the effective tax rate to the statutory tax rate for federal, state, and foreign income taxes. The specified categories are the following: state and local income taxes, foreign tax effects, effect of cross-border tax laws, enactment of new tax laws, nontaxable or nondeductible items, tax credits, changes in valuation allowances, and changes in unrecognized tax benefits. The quantitative threshold for each category is five percent of the amount computed by multiplying income (or loss) from continuing operations before income taxes by the statutory federal income tax rate. In addition, the amendments require additional information pertaining to income taxes paid, net of refunds, to be disaggregated by federal, state and foreign jurisdictions, and further disaggregated for specific jurisdictions to the extent the related amounts exceed a quantitative threshold of five percent of total income taxes paid. The amendments also require disclosures of income (or loss) before income tax expense (or benefit) as domestic or foreign for each annual reporting period.

The amendments eliminate the historic requirement to disclose information regarding unrecognized tax benefits having a reasonable possibility of significantly increasing or decreasing in the twelve months following the reporting date, as well as the requirement to disclose the cumulative temporary differences when a deferred tax liability is not recognized due to certain exceptions under ASC 740.

We will adopt this update effective for the annual period beginning January 1, 2025. The adoption of this update is permitted on a prospective basis or a retrospective basis. The adoption of this update will not have an impact on our financial position or results of operations, but will expand our disclosures effective for the annual period beginning January 1, 2025.

ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses: Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses and related amendment

The amendments in this update require the disclosure of disaggregation of certain income statement expense line items. Specifically, the guidance requires the disclosure of additional information related to certain expenses, including employee compensation, depreciation and amortization, and certain other expenses included in each income statement line item. The amendments also require the disclosure of both the total amount of selling expenses and a definition of selling expenses.

We will adopt this update effective for the annual period beginning January 1, 2027, and interim periods beginning January 1, 2028. The adoption of this update is permitted on a prospective basis or a retrospective basis. The adoption of this update will expand our disclosures but will not have an impact on our financial position or results of operations.
v3.25.0.1
Fair Values of Financial Instruments
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Values of Financial Instruments
Fair Value Measurements for Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value

We report fixed maturity securities, which are classified as available-for-sale securities, derivative financial instruments, and unrestricted equity securities at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets. We report our investments in private equity partnerships at our share of the partnerships' NAV per share or its equivalent as a practical expedient for fair value. See Note 1.

The degree of judgment utilized in measuring the fair value of financial instruments generally correlates to the level of pricing observability. Financial instruments with readily available active quoted prices or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices in active markets generally have more pricing observability and less judgment utilized in measuring fair value. An active market for a financial instrument is a market in which transactions for an asset or a similar asset occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. A quoted price in an active market provides the most reliable evidence of fair value and should be used to measure fair value whenever available. Conversely, financial instruments rarely traded or not quoted have less observability and are measured at fair value using valuation techniques that require more judgment. Pricing observability is generally impacted by a number of factors, including the type of financial instrument, whether the financial instrument is new to the market and not yet established, the characteristics specific to the transaction, and overall market conditions.

We classify financial instruments in accordance with a fair value hierarchy consisting of three levels based on the observability of valuation inputs:

Level 1 - the highest category of the fair value hierarchy classification wherein inputs are unadjusted and represent quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

Level 2 - valued using inputs (other than prices included in Level 1) that are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument's anticipated life.

Level 3 - the lowest category of the fair value hierarchy and reflects the judgment of management regarding what market participants would use in pricing assets or liabilities at the measurement date. Financial assets and liabilities categorized as Level 3 are generally those that are valued using unobservable inputs to extrapolate an estimated fair value.

Valuation Methodologies of Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value

Valuation techniques used for assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value are generally categorized into three types. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach converts future amounts, such as cash flows or earnings, to a single present amount, or a discounted amount. The cost approach is based upon the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset, or the current replacement cost.

We use valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available that can be obtained without undue cost and effort. In some cases, a single valuation technique will be appropriate (for example, when valuing an asset or liability using quoted prices in an active market for identical assets or liabilities). In other cases, multiple valuation techniques will be appropriate. If we use multiple valuation techniques to measure fair value, we evaluate and weigh the results, as appropriate, considering the reasonableness of the range indicated by those results. A fair value measurement is the point within that range that is most representative of fair value in the circumstances.

The selection of the valuation method(s) to apply considers the definition of an exit price and depends on the nature of the asset or liability being valued. For assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value, we generally use valuation techniques consistent with the market approach, and to a lesser extent, the income approach. We believe the market approach provides more observable data than the income approach, considering the type of investments we hold. Our fair value measurements could differ significantly based on the valuation technique and available inputs. When using a pricing service, we obtain the vendor's pricing documentation to ensure we understand their methodologies. We periodically review and approve the selection of our
pricing vendors to ensure we are in agreement with their current methodologies. When markets are less active, brokers may rely more on models with inputs based on the information available only to the broker. Our internal investment management professionals, which include portfolio managers and analysts, monitor securities priced by brokers and evaluate their prices for reasonableness based on benchmarking to available primary and secondary market information. In weighing a broker quote as an input to fair value, we place less reliance on quotes that do not reflect the result of market transactions. We also consider the nature of the quote, particularly whether it is a bid or market quote. If prices in an inactive market do not reflect current prices for the same or similar assets, adjustments may be necessary to arrive at fair value. When relevant market data is unavailable, which may be the case during periods of market uncertainty, the income approach can, in suitable circumstances, provide a more appropriate fair value. During 2024, we have applied valuation approaches and techniques on a consistent basis to similar assets and liabilities and consistent with those approaches and techniques used at year end 2023.

Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities

We use observable and unobservable inputs in measuring the fair value of our fixed maturity and equity securities. For securities categorized as Level 1, fair values equal active Trade Reporting and Compliance Engine (TRACE) pricing or unadjusted market maker prices. For securities categorized as Level 2 or Level 3, inputs that may be used in valuing each class of securities at any given time period are disclosed below. Actual inputs used to determine fair values will vary for each reporting period depending on the availability of inputs which may, at times, be affected by the lack of market liquidity.

Level 2Level 3
InstrumentObservable InputsUnobservable Inputs
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities
Valuation MethodPrincipally the market approachNot applicable
Valuation Techniques / InputsPrices obtained from external pricing services
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions
Valuation MethodPrincipally the market approachPrincipally the market approach
Valuation Techniques / InputsPrices obtained from external pricing servicesAnalysis of similar bonds, adjusted for comparability
Relevant reports issued by analysts and rating agencies
Audited financial statements
Foreign Governments
Valuation MethodPrincipally the market approachPrincipally the market approach
Valuation Techniques / InputsPrices obtained from external pricing servicesAnalysis of similar bonds, adjusted for comparability
Non-binding broker quotes
Call provisions
Level 2Level 3
InstrumentObservable InputsUnobservable Inputs
Public Utilities
Valuation MethodPrincipally the market and income approachesPrincipally the market and income approaches
Valuation Techniques / InputsPrices obtained from external pricing servicesChange in benchmark reference
Non-binding broker quotesAnalysis of similar bonds, adjusted for comparability
Benchmark yieldsDiscount for size - illiquidity
Transactional data for new issuances and secondary tradesVolatility of credit
Security cash flows and structuresLack of marketability
Recent issuance / supply
Audited financial statements
Security and issuer level spreads
Security creditor ratings/maturity/capital structure/optionality
Public covenants
Comparative bond analysis
Relevant reports issued by analysts and rating agencies
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities
Valuation MethodPrincipally the market and income approachesPrincipally the market approach
Valuation Techniques / InputsPrices obtained from external pricing servicesAnalysis of similar bonds, adjusted for comparability
Non-binding broker quotesPrices obtained from external pricing services
Security cash flows and structures
Underlying collateral
Prepayment speeds/loan performance/delinquencies
Relevant reports issued by analysts and rating agencies
Audited financial statements
Level 2Level 3
InstrumentObservable InputsUnobservable Inputs
All Other Corporate Bonds
Valuation MethodPrincipally the market and income approachesPrincipally the market and income approaches
Valuation Techniques / InputsPrices obtained from external pricing servicesChange in benchmark reference
Non-binding broker quotesDiscount for size - illiquidity
Benchmark yieldsVolatility of credit
Transactional data for new issuances and secondary tradesLack of marketability
Security cash flows and structuresPrices obtained from external pricing services
Recent issuance / supply
Security and issuer level spreads
Security creditor ratings/maturity/capital structure/optionality
Public covenants
Comparative bond analysis
Relevant reports issued by analysts and rating agencies
Audited financial statements
Redeemable Preferred Stocks
Valuation MethodPrincipally the market approachPrincipally the market approach
Valuation Techniques / InputsNon-binding broker quotesFinancial statement analysis
Benchmark yields
Comparative bond analysis
Call provisions
Relevant reports issued by analysts and rating agencies
Audited financial statements
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities
Valuation MethodPrincipally the market approachPrincipally the market and income approaches
Valuation Techniques / InputsPrices obtained from external pricing servicesFinancial statement analysis
Non-binding broker quotes

The management of our investment portfolio includes establishing pricing policy and reviewing the reasonableness of sources and inputs used in developing pricing. We review all prices that vary between multiple pricing vendors by a threshold that is outside a normal market range for the asset type.  In the event we receive a vendor's market price that does not appear reasonable based on our market analysis, we may challenge the price and request further information about the assumptions and methodologies used by the vendor to price the security. We may change the selected price based on a better data source such as
an actual trade. We also review all prices that did not change from the prior month to ensure that these prices are within our expectations. The overall valuation process for determining fair values may include adjustments to valuations obtained from our pricing sources when they do not represent a valid exit price. These adjustments may be made when, in our judgment and considering our knowledge of the financial conditions and industry in which the issuer operates, certain features of the financial instrument require that an adjustment be made to the value originally obtained from our pricing sources. These features may include the complexity of the financial instrument, the market in which the financial instrument is traded, counterparty credit risk, credit structure, concentration, or liquidity. Additionally, an adjustment to the price derived from a model typically reflects our judgment of the inputs that other participants in the market for the financial instrument being measured at fair value would consider in pricing that same financial instrument. In the event an asset is sold, we test the validity of the fair value determined by our valuation techniques by comparing the selling price to the fair value determined for the asset in the immediately preceding month end reporting period.
Certain of our investments do not have readily determinable market prices and/or observable inputs or may at times be affected by the lack of market liquidity. For these securities, we use internally prepared valuations, including valuations based on estimates of future profitability, to estimate the fair value. Additionally, we may obtain prices from independent third-party brokers to aid in establishing valuations for certain of these securities. Key assumptions used by us to determine fair value for these securities include risk free interest rates, risk premiums, performance of underlying collateral (if any), and other factors involving significant assumptions which may or may not reflect those of an active market.

The parameters and inputs used to validate a price on a security may be adjusted for assumptions about risk and current market conditions on a quarter to quarter basis, as certain features may be more significant drivers of valuation at the time of pricing. Changes to inputs in valuations are not changes to valuation methodologies; rather, the inputs are modified to reflect direct or indirect impacts on asset classes from changes in market conditions.

At December 31, 2024, approximately 11.7 percent of our fixed maturity securities were valued using active trades from TRACE pricing or market maker prices for which there was current market activity in that specific security (comparable to receiving one binding quote).  The prices obtained were not adjusted, and the assets were classified as Level 1.

The remaining 88.3 percent of our fixed maturity securities were valued based on non-binding quotes or other observable and unobservable inputs, as discussed below:

72.3 percent of our fixed maturity securities were valued based on prices from pricing services that generally use observable inputs such as prices for securities or comparable securities in active markets in their valuation techniques. These assets were classified as Level 2. 

15.3 percent of our fixed maturity securities were valued based on one or more non-binding broker quotes, if validated by observable market data. When only one price is available, it is used if observable inputs and analysis confirms that it is appropriate. These assets, for which we were able to validate the price using other observable market data, were classified as Level 2.

0.7 percent of our fixed maturity securities were valued based on prices of comparable securities, internal models, or pricing services or other non-binding quotes with no other observable market data. These assets were classified as either Level 2 or Level 3, with the categorization dependent on whether there was other observable market data.  

Derivatives

Fair values for derivatives other than embedded derivatives in modified coinsurance arrangements are based on market quotes or pricing models and represent the net amount of cash we would have paid or received if the contracts had been settled or closed as of the last day of the period. Credit risk related to the counterparty and the Company is considered in determining the fair values of these derivatives. However, since we have collateralization agreements in place with each counterparty which limits our exposure, any credit risk is immaterial. Therefore, we determined that no adjustments for credit risk were required as of December 31, 2024 or 2023.
Fair values for our embedded derivative in a modified coinsurance arrangement are estimated using internal pricing models and represent the hypothetical value of the duration mismatch of assets and liabilities, interest rate risk, and third party credit risk embedded in the modified coinsurance arrangement.

We consider transactions in inactive markets to be less representative of fair value. We use all available observable inputs when measuring fair value, but when significant unobservable inputs are used, we classify these assets or liabilities as Level 3.

Private Equity Partnerships

Our private equity partnerships represent funds that are primarily invested in private credit, private equity, and real assets, as described below. Distributions received from the funds arise from income generated by the underlying investments as well as the liquidation of the underlying investments. There is generally not a public market for these investments.

The following tables present additional information about our private equity partnerships, including commitments for additional investments which may or may not be funded:

December 31, 2024
Investment CategoryFair ValueRedemption Term / Redemption NoticeUnfunded Commitments
(in millions of dollars)(in millions of dollars)
Private Credit(a)$236.9 Not redeemable$118.9 
52.3 Quarterly / 90 days notice10.3 
Total Private Credit289.2 129.2 
Private Equity(b)604.1 Not redeemable398.2 
36.1 Initial 5.5 year lock on each new investment / Quarterly after 5.5 year lock with 90 days notice11.0
Total Private Equity640.2 409.2 
Real Assets(c)486.6 Not redeemable230.1 
34.6 Quarterly / 90 days notice— 
Total Real Assets521.2 230.1 
Total Partnerships$1,450.6 $768.5 
December 31, 2023
Investment CategoryFair ValueRedemption Term / Redemption NoticeUnfunded Commitments
(in millions of dollars)(in millions of dollars)
Private Credit(a)$239.1 Not redeemable$128.2 
44.5 Quarterly / 90 days notice8.6 
Total Private Credit283.6 136.8 
Private Equity(b)543.9 Not redeemable410.6 
28.0 Initial 5.5 year lock on each new investment / Quarterly after 5.5 year lock with 90 days notice16.6
Total Private Equity 571.9 427.2 
Real Assets(c)437.5 Not redeemable239.1 
33.2 Quarterly / 90 days notice— 
Total Real Assets470.7 239.1 
Total Partnerships$1,326.2 $803.1 

(a)Private Credit - The limited partnerships described in this category employ various investment strategies, generally providing direct lending or other forms of debt financing including first-lien, second-lien, mezzanine, and subordinated loans. The limited partnerships have credit exposure to corporates, physical assets, and/or financial assets within a variety of industries (including manufacturing, healthcare, energy, business services, technology, materials, and retail) in North America and, to a lesser extent, outside of North America.  As of December 31, 2024, the estimated remaining life of the investments that do not allow for redemptions is approximately 78 percent in the next 3 years, 12 percent during the period from 3 to 5 years, and 10 percent during the period from 5 to 10 years.

(b)Private Equity - The limited partnerships described in this category employ various strategies generally investing in controlling or minority control equity positions directly in companies and/or assets across various industries (including manufacturing, healthcare, energy, business services, technology, materials, and retail), primarily in private markets within North America and, to a lesser extent, outside of North America.  As of December 31, 2024, the estimated remaining life of the investments that do not allow for redemptions is approximately 36 percent in the next 3 years, 27 percent during the period from 3 to 5 years, 36 percent during the period from 5 to 10 years, and 1 percent during the period from 10 to 15 years.

(c)Real Assets - The limited partnerships described in this category employ various strategies, which include investing in the equity and/or debt financing of physical assets, including infrastructure (energy, power, water/wastewater, communications), transportation (including airports, ports, toll roads, aircraft, railcars) and real estate in North America, Europe, South America, and Asia.  As of December 31, 2024, the estimated remaining life of the investments that do not allow for redemptions is approximately 36 percent in the next 3 years, 26 percent during the period from 3 to 5 years, and 38 percent during the period from 5 to 10 years.

We record changes in our share of NAV of the partnerships in net investment income. We receive financial information related to our investments in partnerships and generally record investment income on a one-quarter lag in accordance with our accounting policy. Our partnerships are subject to transfer restrictions which extend over the life of the investment. There are no circumstances in which the transfer restrictions would lapse.
The following tables present information about financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis by fair value level, based on the observability of the inputs used.
 December 31, 2024
 Level 1Level 2Level 3NAVTotal
(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Fixed Maturity Securities
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities$77.9 $452.6 $— $— $530.5 
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions— 3,291.4 — — 3,291.4 
Foreign Governments— 768.1 — — 768.1 
Public Utilities174.5 5,118.4 — — 5,292.9 
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities1
— 843.7 73.5 — 917.2 
All Other Corporate Bonds3,928.1 20,822.6 71.5 — 24,822.2 
Redeemable Preferred Stocks— 7.6 — — 7.6 
Total Fixed Maturity Securities4,180.5 31,304.4 145.0 — 35,629.9 
Other Long-term Investments
Derivatives
Forwards 6.5   6.5 
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps
 72.9   72.9 
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement
  11.5  11.5 
Total Derivatives 79.4 11.5  90.9 
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities— 0.1 24.4 — 24.5 
Private Equity Partnerships— — — 1,450.6 1,450.6 
Total Other Long-term Investments— 79.5 35.9 1,450.6 1,566.0 
Total Financial Instrument Assets Carried at Fair Value$4,180.5 $31,383.9 $180.9 $1,450.6 $37,195.9 
Liabilities
Other Liabilities
Derivatives
Forwards$ $223.2 $ $ $223.2 
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps
 32.5   32.5 
Total Derivatives 255.7   255.7 
Total Financial Instrument Liabilities Carried at Fair Value$— $255.7 $— $— $255.7 
 December 31, 2023
 Level 1Level 2Level 3NAVTotal
(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Fixed Maturity Securities
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities$— $624.8 $— $— $624.8 
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions— 3,678.4 — — 3,678.4 
Foreign Governments— 890.7 — — 890.7 
Public Utilities301.3 5,020.3 — — 5,321.6 
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities1
— 611.2 32.9 — 644.1 
All Other Corporate Bonds3,985.2 21,562.1 123.4 — 25,670.7 
Redeemable Preferred Stocks— 3.6 — — 3.6 
Total Fixed Maturity Securities4,286.5 32,391.1 156.3 — 36,833.9 
Other Long-term Investments
Derivatives
Forwards
 47.5   47.5 
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps
 52.4   52.4 
Total Derivatives 99.9   99.9 
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities— 10.3 21.6 — 31.9 
Private Equity Partnerships— — — 1,326.2 1,326.2 
Total Other Long-term Investments— 110.2 21.6 1,326.2 1,458.0 
Total Financial Instrument Assets Carried at Fair Value$4,286.5 $32,501.3 $177.9 $1,326.2 $38,291.9 
Liabilities
Other Liabilities
Derivatives
Forwards
$ $78.0 $ $ $78.0 
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps
 38.2   38.2 
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement  1.5 — 1.5 
Total Derivatives 116.2 1.5  117.7 
Total Financial Instrument Liabilities Carried at Fair Value$— $116.2 $1.5 $— $117.7 
1Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, auto loans, and other asset types.
Changes in assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) are as follows:
 Year Ended December 31, 2024
 Fair Value Beginning
of Year
Total Realized and
Unrealized Investment
Gains (Losses)
 Included in
PurchasesSales/MaturitiesLevel 3 TransfersFair Value End of
Year
Change in Unrealized
Gain (Loss) on
Securities Held at the
End of Period
included in
 EarningsOCIIntoOut ofOCIEarnings
(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
Public Utilities$— $(1.1)$1.3 $— $(20.4)$20.2 $— $— $— $— 
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities1
32.9 — 0.6 38.5 (2.6)4.1 — 73.5 0.6 
All Other Corporate Bonds123.4 (3.5)8.9 3.2 (329.8)318.1 (48.8)71.5 8.9 — 
Total Fixed Maturity Securities156.3 (4.6)10.8 41.7 (352.8)342.4 (48.8)145.0 9.5 — 
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities21.6 2.3 — 0.5 — — — 24.4 — 2.3 
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement(1.5)13.0 — — — — — 11.5 — 13.0 
 
Year Ended December 31, 2023
 Fair Value Beginning
of Year
Total Realized and
Unrealized Investment
Gains (Losses)
 Included in
PurchasesSales/MaturitiesLevel 3 TransfersFair Value End of
Year
Change in Unrealized
Gain (Loss) on
Securities Held at the
End of Period
included in
 EarningsOCIIntoOut ofOCIEarnings
(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions$0.2 $— $— $— $— $— $(0.2)$— $— $— 
Public Utilities— 0.1 (0.1)— (50.5)50.5 — — — — 
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities1
22.0 — (0.2)20.0 (0.5)0.4 (8.8)32.9 (0.2)— 
All Other Corporate Bonds158.7 (5.0)(15.8)1.5 (334.1)385.0 (66.9)123.4 (15.8)— 
Total Fixed Maturity Securities180.9 (4.9)(16.1)21.5 (385.1)435.9 (75.9)156.3 (16.0)— 
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities16.2 0.6 — 4.8 — — — 21.6 — 0.6 
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement(13.9)12.4 — — — — — (1.5)— 12.4 
1Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, auto loans, and other asset types.

Realized and unrealized investment gains and losses presented in the preceding tables represent gains and losses only for the time during which the applicable financial instruments were classified as Level 3. The transfers between levels resulted primarily from a change in observability of three inputs used to determine fair values of the securities transferred: (1) transactional data for new issuance and secondary trades, (2) broker/dealer quotes and pricing, primarily related to changes in the level of activity in the market and whether the market was considered orderly, and (3) comparable bond metrics from which to perform an analysis. For fair value measurements of financial instruments that were transferred either into or out of Level 3, we reflect the transfers using the fair value at the beginning of the period. We believe this allows for greater transparency, as all changes in fair value that arise during the reporting period of the transfer are disclosed as a component of our Level 3 reconciliation.
The table below provides quantitative information regarding the significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements derived from internal models. Unobservable inputs for fixed maturity securities are weighted by the fair value of the securities. Certain securities classified as Level 3 are excluded from the table below due to limitations in our ability to obtain the underlying inputs used by external pricing sources.
December 31, 2024
Fair ValueValuation MethodUnobservable InputRange/Weighted Average
(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
All Other Corporate Bonds - Private$16.3 Market Approach
Volatility of Credit
Market Convention
(a)
(b)
5.00% - 5.00% / 5.00%
Priced at Par Value
Mortgage-Backed Securities/Asset-Backed Securities
21.2 Market Approach
Market Convention
(b)
Priced at Par Value
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities24.4 Market Approach
Market Convention
(b)
Priced at Cost, Owner's Equity, or Most Recent Round
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement11.5 Discounted Cash Flows
Projected Liability Cash Flows
Weighted Spread of Swap Curve
(c)
Actuarial Assumptions
(0.23)%
December 31, 2023
Fair ValueValuation MethodUnobservable InputRange/Weighted Average
(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
All Other Corporate Bonds - Private$15.9 Market Approach
Volatility of Credit
Market Convention
(a)
(b)

5.00% - 5.00% / 5.00%
Priced at Par Value
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities21.6 Market ApproachMarket Convention(b)Priced at Cost, Owner's Equity, or Most Recent Round
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement(1.5)Discounted Cash Flows
Projected Liability Cash Flows
Weighted Spread of Swap Curve
(c)

Actuarial Assumptions 0.2%

(a)Represents basis point adjustments for credit-specific factors
(b)Represents a decision to price based on par value, cost, owner's equity, or the price of the most recent capital funding round when limited data is available
(c)Represents various actuarial assumptions required to derive the liability cash flows. Fair value of embedded derivative is most often driven by the change in the weighted average credit spread to the swap curve for the assets backing the hypothetical loan

Other than market convention, the impact of isolated decreases in unobservable inputs will result in a higher estimated fair value, whereas isolated increases in unobservable inputs will result in a lower estimated fair value. The unobservable input for market convention is not sensitive to input movements. The projected liability cash flows used in the fair value measurement of our Level 3 embedded derivative are based on expected claim payments. If claim payments increase, the projected liability cash flows will increase, resulting in a decrease in the fair value of the embedded derivative. Decreases in projected liability cash flows will result in an increase in the fair value of the embedded derivative.
Fair Value Measurements for Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value

The methods and assumptions used to estimate fair values of financial instruments not carried at fair value are discussed as follows:

Mortgage Loans: Fair value of newly originated, seasoned performing, or sub-performing but likely to continue cash flowing loans are calculated using a discounted cash flow analysis. Loans’ cash flows are modeled and appropriately discounted by a rate based on current yields and credit spreads. For sub and non-performing loans where there is some probability the loan will not continue to pay, a price based approach would be used to estimate the loan’s value in the open market utilizing current transaction information from similar loans.

Policy Loans: Fair values for policy loans, net of reinsurance ceded, are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses and interest rates currently being offered to policyholders with similar policies. Carrying amounts for ceded policy loans, which equal $3,313.6 million and $3,322.5 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, approximate fair value and are reported on a gross basis in our consolidated balance sheets. A change in interest rates for ceded policy loans will not impact our financial position because the benefits and risks are fully ceded to reinsuring counterparties.

Miscellaneous Long-term Investments: Carrying amounts for tax credit partnerships equal the unamortized balance of our contractual commitments and approximate fair value. Our shares of Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) common stock are carried at cost, which approximates fair value.

Long-term Debt: Fair values for long-term debt are obtained from independent pricing services or discounted cash flow analyses based on current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements.

FHLB Funding Agreements: Funding agreements with the FHLB represent cash advances used for the purpose of investing in fixed maturity securities. Carrying amounts approximate fair value.

Unfunded Commitments to Investment Partnerships: Unfunded equity commitments represent amounts that we have committed to fund certain investment partnerships. These commitments are legally binding, subject to the partnerships meeting specified conditions. Carrying amounts of these financial instruments approximate fair value.
The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our financial instruments not measured at fair value and indicates the level in the fair value hierarchy of the estimated fair value measurement based on the observability of the inputs used:

December 31, 2024
Estimated Fair Value
Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalCarrying Value
(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Mortgage Loans$— $1,975.4 $— $1,975.4 $2,224.5 
Policy Loans— — 3,672.9 3,672.9 3,617.2 
Other Long-term Investments
Miscellaneous Long-term Investments— 26.7 0.2 26.9 26.9 
Total Financial Instrument Assets Not Carried at Fair Value$— $2,002.1 $3,673.1 $5,675.2 $5,868.6 
Liabilities
Long-term Debt$3,246.1 $43.2 $— $3,289.3 $3,465.2 
Other Liabilities
Unfunded Commitments— 0.2 — 0.2 0.2 
Payable for Collateral on FHLB Funding Agreements— 324.2 — 324.2 324.2 
Total Financial Instrument Liabilities Not Carried at Fair Value$3,246.1 $367.6 $— $3,613.7 $3,789.6 
December 31, 2023
Estimated Fair Value
Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalCarrying Value
(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Mortgage Loans$— $2,070.7 $— $2,070.7 $2,318.2 
Policy Loans— — 3,696.3 3,696.3 3,620.2 
Other Long-term Investments
Miscellaneous Long-term Investments— 15.7 0.3 16.0 16.0 
Total Financial Instrument Assets Not Carried at Fair Value$— $2,086.4 $3,696.6 $5,783.0 $5,954.4 
Liabilities
Long-term Debt$2,629.1 $598.8 $— $3,227.9 $3,430.4 
Other Liabilities
Unfunded Commitments— 0.2 — 0.2 0.2 
Payable for Collateral on FHLB Funding Agreements— 64.5 — 64.5 64.5 
Total Financial Instrument Liabilities Not Carried at Fair Value$2,629.1 $663.5 $— $3,292.6 $3,495.1 

The carrying values of financial instruments such as short-term investments, cash and bank deposits, accounts and premiums receivable, accrued investment income, securities lending agreements, and short-term debt approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of the instruments. As such, these financial instruments are not included in the above chart.

Fair values for insurance contracts other than investment contracts are not required to be disclosed. However, the fair values of liabilities under all insurance contracts are taken into consideration in our overall management of interest rate risk, which seeks to minimize exposure to changing interest rates through the matching of investment maturities with amounts due under insurance contracts.
v3.25.0.1
Investments
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Investments
Fixed Maturity Securities

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, all fixed maturity securities were classified as available-for-sale. The amortized cost and fair values of securities by security type are shown as follows:
 December 31, 2024
 
Amortized
Cost, Gross of ACL1
ACL1
Gross
Unrealized
Gain
Gross
Unrealized
Loss
Fair
Value
(in millions of dollars)
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities$544.6 $— $13.9 $28.0 $530.5 
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions3,795.6 — 65.5 569.7 3,291.4 
Foreign Governments912.1 — 9.5 153.5 768.1 
Public Utilities5,525.0 — 132.3 364.4 5,292.9 
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities2
949.4 — 5.0 37.2 917.2 
All Other Corporate Bonds26,535.2 2.8 450.6 2,160.8 24,822.2 
Redeemable Preferred Stocks8.0 — — 0.4 7.6 
Total Fixed Maturity Securities$38,269.9 $2.8 $676.8 $3,314.0 $35,629.9 

December 31, 2023
 
Amortized
Cost, Gross of ACL1
ACL1
Gross
Unrealized
Gain
Gross
Unrealized
Loss
Fair
Value
(in millions of dollars)
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities$618.6 $— $25.3 $19.1 $624.8 
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions4,041.3 — 135.3 498.2 3,678.4 
Foreign Governments982.1 — 29.8 121.2 890.7 
Public Utilities5,398.2 — 217.1 293.7 5,321.6 
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities2
658.0 — 10.1 24.0 644.1 
All Other Corporate Bonds26,708.4 2.2 771.8 1,807.3 25,670.7 
Redeemable Preferred Stocks4.0 — — 0.4 3.6 
Total Fixed Maturity Securities$38,410.6 $2.2 $1,189.4 $2,763.9 $36,833.9 
1 Allowance for Credit Losses
2Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, auto loans, and other asset types
The following charts indicate the length of time our fixed maturity securities have been in a gross unrealized loss position.

 December 31, 2024
 Less Than 12 Months12 Months or Greater
 Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Loss
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Loss
(in millions of dollars)
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities$43.7 $4.1 $201.3 $23.9 
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions425.8 15.3 1,926.2 554.4 
Foreign Governments171.9 10.6 266.3 142.9 
Public Utilities1,281.7 48.4 1,549.5 316.0 
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities1
199.9 8.9 285.9 28.3 
All Other Corporate Bonds4,904.4 182.5 12,209.3 1,978.3 
Redeemable Preferred Stocks3.9 0.1 3.7 0.3 
Total Fixed Maturity Securities$7,031.3 $269.9 $16,442.2 $3,044.1 

 December 31, 2023
 Less Than 12 Months12 Months or Greater
 Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Loss
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Loss
(in millions of dollars)
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities$118.8 $0.7 $197.3 $18.4 
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions128.0 4.0 2,035.1 494.2 
Foreign Governments149.9 3.3 312.9 117.9 
Public Utilities373.7 10.4 1,720.6 283.3 
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities1
60.3 2.5 316.7 21.5 
All Other Corporate Bonds1,483.8 26.8 14,215.2 1,780.5 
Redeemable Preferred Stocks— — 3.6 0.4 
Total Fixed Maturity Securities$2,314.5 $47.7 $18,801.4 $2,716.2 
1Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, auto loans, and other asset types
The following is a distribution of the maturity dates for fixed maturity securities. The maturity dates have not been adjusted for possible calls or prepayments.
 December 31, 2024
 
Amortized Cost, Net of ACL1
Unrealized Gain PositionUnrealized Loss Position
 Gross GainFair ValueGross LossFair Value
(in millions of dollars)
1 year or less$1,484.1 $4.1 $432.4 $6.2 $1,049.6 
Over 1 year through 5 years7,688.2 123.5 2,840.8 196.6 4,774.3 
Over 5 years through 10 years8,404.6 236.4 3,486.1 565.5 4,589.4 
Over 10 years19,740.8 307.8 4,965.7 2,508.5 12,574.4 
37,317.7 671.8 11,725.0 3,276.8 22,987.7 
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities2
949.4 5.0 431.4 37.2 485.8 
Total Fixed Maturity Securities$38,267.1 $676.8 $12,156.4 $3,314.0 $23,473.5 

 December 31, 2023
 
Amortized Cost, Net of ACL1
Unrealized Gain PositionUnrealized Loss Position
 Gross GainFair ValueGross LossFair Value
(in millions of dollars)
1 year or less$935.0 $0.9 $140.8 $7.5 $787.6 
Over 1 year through 5 years7,594.4 128.2 2,685.7 179.0 4,857.9 
Over 5 years through 10 years9,430.3 372.1 4,100.0 610.8 5,091.6 
Over 10 years19,790.7 678.1 8,524.4 1,942.6 10,001.8 
37,750.4 1,179.3 15,450.9 2,739.9 20,738.9 
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities2
658.0 10.1 267.1 24.0 377.0 
Total Fixed Maturity Securities$38,408.4 $1,189.4 $15,718.0 $2,763.9 $21,115.9 
1 Allowance for Credit Losses
2Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, auto loans, and other asset types

The following chart depicts an analysis of our fixed maturity security portfolio between investment-grade and below-investment-grade categories as of December 31, 2024:
Gross Unrealized Loss
Fair ValueGross Unrealized GainAmountPercent of Total Gross Unrealized Loss
(in millions of dollars)
Investment-Grade$34,193.9 $661.8 $3,236.2 97.7 %
Below-Investment-Grade1,436.0 15.0 77.8 2.3 
Total Fixed Maturity Securities$35,629.9 $676.8 $3,314.0 100.0 %

The unrealized losses on investment-grade fixed maturity securities principally relate to changes in interest rates or changes in market or sector credit spreads which occurred subsequent to the acquisition of the securities. Below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities are generally more likely to develop credit concerns than investment-grade securities. At December 31, 2024, the unrealized losses in our below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities were generally due to credit spreads in certain industries or sectors and, to a lesser extent, credit concerns related to specific securities. For each specific security in an unrealized loss position, we believe that there are positive factors which mitigate credit concerns and that the securities for
which we have not recorded a credit loss will recover in value. We have the ability and intent to continue to hold these securities to recovery of amortized cost less allowance for credit losses.

As of December 31, 2024, we held 924 individual investment-grade fixed maturity securities and 75 individual below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities that were in an unrealized loss position, of which 785 investment-grade fixed maturity securities and 47 below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities had been in an unrealized loss position continuously for over one year.

In determining when a decline in fair value below amortized cost of a fixed maturity security represents a credit loss, we evaluate the following factors:

Whether we expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security
Whether we intend to sell the security or will be required to sell the security before the recovery of its amortized cost basis
Whether the security is current as to principal and interest payments
The significance of the decline in value
Current and future business prospects and trends of earnings
The valuation of the security's underlying collateral
Relevant industry conditions and trends relative to their historical cycles
Market conditions
Rating agency and governmental actions
Bid and offering prices and the level of trading activity
Adverse changes in estimated cash flows for securitized investments
Changes in fair value subsequent to the balance sheet date
Any other key measures for the related security

While determining whether a credit loss exists is a judgmental area, we utilize a formal, well-defined, and disciplined process to monitor and evaluate our fixed income investment portfolio, supported by issuer specific research and documentation as of the end of each period. The process results in a thorough evaluation of investments and the recording of credit losses on a timely basis for investments determined to have a credit loss. We calculate the allowance for credit losses of fixed maturity securities based on the present value of our best estimate of cash flows expected to be collected, discounted using the effective interest rate implicit in the security at the date of acquisition. When estimating future cash flows, we analyze the strength of the issuer’s balance sheet, its debt obligations and near-term funding arrangements, cash flow and liquidity, the profitability of its core businesses, the availability of marketable assets which could be sold to increase liquidity, its industry fundamentals and regulatory environment, and its access to capital markets.

The following tables present a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities, which were classified as "all other corporate bonds" during the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Year Ended December 31
20242023
(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of period$2.2 $— 
Credit losses on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded2.8 2.2 
Change in allowance on securities with allowance recorded in previous period0.2 — 
Change in allowance due to securities sold during the period
(2.4)— 
Balance, end of period$2.8 $2.2 

At December 31, 2024, we had commitments of $96.5 million to fund private placement fixed maturity securities, the amount of which may or may not be funded. 
Variable Interest Entities

We invest in variable interests issued by variable interest entities. These investments, which are passive in nature, include minority ownership interests in private equity partnerships, tax credit partnerships, and special purpose entities. Our maximum exposure to loss is limited to the carrying value of these investments in private equity partnerships, tax credit partnerships, and special purpose entities. For those variable interests that are not consolidated in our financial statements, we are not the primary beneficiary because we have neither the power to direct the activities that are most significant to economic performance nor the responsibility to absorb a majority of the expected losses. The determination of whether we are the primary beneficiary is performed at the time of our initial investment and at the date of each subsequent reporting period.

As of December 31, 2024, the carrying amount of our variable interest entity investments that are not consolidated in our financial statements was $1,450.8 million, comprised of $0.2 million of tax credit partnerships and $1,450.6 million of private equity partnerships. At December 31, 2023, the carrying amount of our variable interest entity investments that are not consolidated in our financial statements was $1,326.5 million, comprised of $0.3 million of tax credit partnerships and $1,326.2 million of private equity partnerships. These variable interest entity investments are reported as other long-term investments in our consolidated balance sheets.

The Company invests in tax credit partnerships primarily for the receipt of income tax credits and tax benefits derived from passive losses on the investments. Amounts recognized in the consolidated statements of income are as follows:
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Income Tax Credits$0.1 $1.1 $8.0 
Amortization, Net of Tax (0.5)(5.9)
Income Tax Benefit$0.1 $0.6 $2.1 

Contractually, we are a limited partner in these tax credit partnerships, and our maximum exposure to loss is limited to the carrying value of our investment, which includes $0.2 million of unfunded unconditional commitments at December 31, 2024. See Note 2 for commitments to fund private equity partnerships.

Mortgage Loans

Our mortgage loan portfolio is well diversified by both geographic region and property type to reduce risk of concentration. All of our mortgage loans are collateralized by commercial real estate. When issuing a new loan, our general policy is not to exceed a loan-to-value ratio, or the ratio of the loan balance to the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, of 75 percent. We update the loan-to-value ratios based on internal valuation of the collateral at least every three years for each loan, and properties undergo a general inspection at least every two years. Our general policy for newly issued loans is to have a debt service coverage ratio greater than 1.25 times on a normalized 25 year amortization period. We update our debt service coverage ratios annually.

We carry our mortgage loans at amortized cost less an allowance for expected credit losses. The amortized cost of our mortgage loans was $2,240.6 million and $2,328.4 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The allowance for expected credit losses was $16.1 million and $10.2 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Interest income is accrued on the principal amount of the loan based on the loan's contractual interest rate. We report accrued interest income for our mortgage loans as accrued investment income on our consolidated balance sheets, and the amount of the accrued income was $7.0 million and $7.2 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The carrying amount of mortgage loans by property type and geographic region are presented below.
December 31
20242023
(in millions of dollars)
CarryingPercent ofCarryingPercent of
AmountTotalAmountTotal
Property Type
     Apartment$658.2 29.6 %$685.8 29.6 %
     Industrial690.4 31.0 706.0 30.5 
     Office338.4 15.2 379.9 16.4 
     Retail496.2 22.3 503.9 21.7 
Other41.3 1.9 42.6 1.8 
Total$2,224.5 100.0 %$2,318.2 100.0 %

Region
     New England$52.6 2.4 %$55.1 2.4 %
     Mid-Atlantic167.2 7.5 155.1 6.7 
     East North Central297.2 13.4 314.4 13.6 
     West North Central151.1 6.8 163.5 7.0 
     South Atlantic532.5 23.9 553.0 23.8 
     East South Central95.1 4.3 110.7 4.8 
     West South Central193.6 8.7 200.9 8.7 
     Mountain278.7 12.5 282.7 12.2 
     Pacific456.5 20.5 482.8 20.8 
Total$2,224.5 100.0 %$2,318.2 100.0 %

The risk in our mortgage loan portfolio is primarily related to vacancy rates. Events or developments, such as economic conditions that impact the ability of the borrowers to ensure occupancy of the property, may have a negative effect on our mortgage loan portfolio, particularly to the extent that our portfolio is concentrated in an affected region or property type. An increase in vacancies increases the probability of default, which would negatively affect our expected losses in our mortgage loan portfolio.

We evaluate each of our mortgage loans individually for impairment and assign an internal quality rating based on a comprehensive rating system used to evaluate the risk of the loan. The factors we use to derive our internal quality ratings may include the following:

Loan-to-value ratio based on internal valuation of the property
Debt service coverage ratio based on current operating income
Property location, including regional economics, trends, and demographics
Age, condition, and construction quality of property
Current and historical occupancy of property
Lease terms relative to market
Tenant size and financial strength
Borrower's financial strength
Borrower's equity in transaction
Additional collateral, if any
Although all available and applicable factors are considered in our analysis, loan-to-value and debt service coverage ratios are the most critical factors in determining whether we will initially issue the loan and also in assigning values and determining impairment. We assign an overall rating to each loan using an internal rating scale of AA (highest quality) to B (lowest quality). We review and adjust, as needed, our internal quality ratings on an annual basis. This review process is performed more frequently for mortgage loans deemed to have a higher risk of delinquency.

The following tables present information about mortgage loans by the applicable internal quality indicators:

December 31
20242023
(in millions of dollars)
Carrying AmountPercent of TotalCarrying AmountPercent of Total
Internal Mortgage Rating
AA$117.8 5.3 %$85.2 3.7 %
     A1,099.1 49.4 942.5 40.6 
     BBB915.5 41.2 1,249.5 53.9 
     BB85.0 3.8 41.0 1.8 
     B7.1 0.3 — — 
Total$2,224.5 100.0 %$2,318.2 100.0 %
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
     <= 65%$1,639.6 73.8 %$1,409.9 60.8 %
     > 65% <= 75%367.6 16.5 707.0 30.5 
     > 75% <= 85%152.3 6.8 136.5 5.9 
     > 85%65.0 2.9 64.8 2.8 
Total$2,224.5 100.0 %$2,318.2 100.0 %
1 Loan-to-Value Ratio utilizes the most recent internal valuation of the property
The following tables present the amortized cost of our mortgage loans by year of origination and internal quality indicators for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Year Ended December 31, 2024
Prior to 2020
20202021202220232024Total
(in millions of dollars)
Internal Mortgage Rating
AA$111.5 $— $6.4 $— $— $— $117.9 
A780.5 99.6 169.1 24.6 9.5 18.0 1,101.3 
BBB561.7 55.1 155.1 63.0 57.3 28.2 920.4 
BB86.8 — — — — — 86.8 
B14.2 — — — — — 14.2 
Total Amortized Cost1,554.7 154.7 330.6 87.6 66.8 46.2 2,240.6 
Allowance for credit losses(13.7)(0.5)(1.0)(0.3)(0.4)(0.2)(16.1)
Carrying Amount$1,541.0 $154.2 $329.6 $87.3 $66.4 $46.0 $2,224.5 
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%$1,229.6 $112.9 $210.0 $40.8 $38.7 $11.7 $1,643.7 
>65<=75%154.1 33.7 72.1 46.8 28.1 34.5 369.3 
>75%<=85%126.4 8.1 20.1 — — — 154.6 
>85%44.6 — 28.4 — — — 73.0 
Total Amortized Cost1,554.7 154.7 330.6 87.6 66.8 46.2 2,240.6 
Allowance for credit losses(13.7)(0.5)(1.0)(0.3)(0.4)(0.2)(16.1)
Carrying Amount$1,541.0 $154.2 $329.6 $87.3 $66.4 $46.0 $2,224.5 
1 Loan-to-Value Ratio utilizes the most recent internal valuation of the property
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Prior to 2019
20192020202120222023Total
(in millions of dollars)
Internal Mortgage Rating
AA$74.3 $11.0 $— $— $— $— $85.3 
A589.0 100.3 94.1 100.1 23.2 38.0 944.7 
BBB618.4 224.8 71.4 248.0 64.4 29.2 1,256.2 
BB42.2 — — — — — 42.2 
Total Amortized Cost1,323.9 336.1 165.5 348.1 87.6 67.2 2,328.4 
Allowance for credit losses(6.3)(1.3)(0.6)(1.0)(0.6)(0.4)(10.2)
Carrying Amount$1,317.6 $334.8 $164.9 $347.1 $87.0 $66.8 $2,318.2 
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%$908.3 $197.7 $116.4 $145.2 $16.2 $30.0 $1,413.8 
>65<=75%252.1 138.4 40.8 171.0 71.4 37.2 710.9 
>75%<=85%97.3 — 8.3 31.9 — — 137.5 
>85%66.2 — — — — — 66.2 
Total Amortized Cost1,323.9 336.1 165.5 348.1 87.6 67.2 2,328.4 
Allowance for credit losses(6.3)(1.3)(0.6)(1.0)(0.6)(0.4)(10.2)
Carrying Amount$1,317.6 $334.8 $164.9 $347.1 $87.0 $66.8 $2,318.2 
1 Loan-to-Value Ratio utilizes the most recent internal valuation of the property

The following tables present a rollforward of allowance for expected credit losses by loan-to-value ratio for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Year Ended December 31, 2024
Beginning of PeriodCurrent Period ProvisionsWrite-OffsRecoveriesEnd of Period
(in millions of dollars)
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%$3.8 $0.4 $— $— $4.2 
>65<=75%3.8 (2.1)— — 1.7 
>75%<=85%1.2 8.0 (7.0)— 2.2 
>85%1.4 6.6 — — 8.0 
Total$10.2 $12.9 $(7.0)$— $16.1 
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Beginning of PeriodCurrent Period ProvisionsWrite-OffsRecoveriesEnd of Period
(in millions of dollars)
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%$3.0 $0.8 $— $— $3.8 
>65<=75%4.7 (0.9)— — 3.8 
>75%<=85%1.1 0.1 — — 1.2 
>85%0.5 0.9 — — 1.4 
Total$9.3 $0.9 $— $— $10.2 
1 Loan-to-Value Ratio utilizes the most recent internal valuation of the property

For the year ended December 31, 2024, we identified one impaired commercial mortgage loan, resulting in a $7.0 million write-off. This adjustment reduced the carrying value of the investment to $9.2 million as of December 31, 2024. No interest income was recognized on this loan following impairment. This single commercial mortgage loan was also past due as to principal and interest payments as of December 31, 2024. We did not hold any specifically identified impaired commercial mortgage loans for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, nor did we recognize any interest income on impaired commercial mortgage loans during these periods. There were no commercial mortgage loans past due as to principal and/or interest payments for the years ended December 31, 2023, or 2022.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, all commercial mortgage loans which were previously modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulties were current. During the year ended December 31, 2023 we granted an other-than-insignificant payment delay for a commercial mortgage loan with a carrying value of $14.2 million, which deferred the principal payment for 18 months. This modification represented less than one percent of the commercial mortgage loan portfolio balance for the years ending December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Additionally, we had no loan foreclosures for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, or 2022.

At December 31, 2024 we had $17.9 million of commitments to fund certain commercial mortgage loans. At December 31, 2023 we had no commitments to fund certain commercial mortgage loans. Consistent with how we determine the estimate of current expected credit losses for our funded mortgage loans each period, we estimate expected credit losses for loans that have not been funded but we are committed to fund at the end of each period. At December 31, 2024, we had $0.1 million expected credit losses related to unfunded commitments on our consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2023, we had no expected credit losses related to unfunded commitments on our consolidated balance sheets.

Investment Real Estate

Our investment real estate held for the production of income balance was $59.5 million and $64.4 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and the associated accumulated depreciation was $129.7 million and $127.2 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We did not recognize any impairments related to our real estate during the years ended December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2022. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized a $3.0 million impairment related to certain of our real estate held for investment.

Our held for sale real estate balance was $41.9 million and $40.9 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The associated accumulated depreciation was $57.5 million and $54.2 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The estimated fair values less costs to sell are above the carrying values of the properties and we expect to close the sales of the properties within the next twelve months.
Transfers of Financial Assets

To manage our cash position more efficiently, we may enter into repurchase agreements with unaffiliated financial institutions. We generally use repurchase agreements as a means to finance the purchase of invested assets or for short-term general business purposes until projected cash flows become available from our operations or existing investments. Our repurchase agreements are typically outstanding for less than 30 days. We post collateral through our repurchase agreement transactions whereby the counterparty commits to purchase securities with the agreement to resell them to us at a later, specified date. The fair value of collateral posted is generally 102 percent of the cash received.

Our investment policy also permits us to lend fixed maturity securities to unaffiliated financial institutions in short-term securities lending agreements. These agreements increase our investment income with minimal risk. Our securities lending policy requires that a minimum of 102 percent of the fair value of the securities loaned be maintained as collateral. We may receive cash and/or securities as collateral under these agreements. Cash received as collateral is typically reinvested in short-term investments. If securities are received as collateral, we are not permitted to sell or re-post them.

As of December 31, 2024, the carrying amount of fixed maturity securities loaned to third parties under our securities lending program was $94.0 million, for which we received collateral in the form of cash and securities of $62.7 million and $34.8 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the carrying amount of fixed maturity securities loaned to third parties under our securities lending program was $72.0 million, for which we received collateral in the form of cash and securities of $63.1 million and $12.5 million, respectively. We had no outstanding repurchase agreements at December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.
The remaining contractual maturities of our securities lending agreements disaggregated by class of collateral pledged are as follows:

December 31
20242023
Overnight and Continuous
(in millions of dollars)
Borrowings
Public Utilities$5.2 $1.8 
Short-Term Investments
1.0 — 
All Other Corporate Bonds56.5 61.3 
Total Borrowings$62.7 $63.1 
Gross Amount of Recognized Liability for Securities Lending Transactions62.7 63.1 
Amounts Related to Agreements Not Included in Offsetting Disclosure Contained Herein$— $— 

Certain of our U.S. insurance subsidiaries are members of regional FHLBs. As members of the FHLBs, our insurance subsidiaries have the ability to borrow on a collateralized basis from the FHLBs. Each member is required to hold certain minimum amount of FHLB common stock as a condition of membership and additional amounts based on the amount of the borrowings. Advances received from the FHLB are primarily used for the purchase of matched fixed maturity securities. The carrying value of common stock owned, collateral posted, and advances received are as follows:

December 31
20242023
(in millions of dollars)
Carrying Value of FHLB Common Stock$26.7 $15.7 
Advances from FHLB324.2 64.5 
Carrying Value of Collateral Posted to FHLB
Fixed Maturity Securities$553.6 $589.0 
Commercial Mortgage Loans908.2 986.8 
Total Carrying Value of Collateral Posted to FHLB$1,461.8 $1,575.8 

Offsetting of Financial Instruments

We enter into master netting agreements with each of our derivative's counterparties. These agreements provide for conditional rights of set-off upon the occurrence of an early termination event. An early termination event is considered a default, and it allows the non-defaulting party to offset its contracts in a loss position against any gain positions or payments due to the defaulting party. Under our agreements, default type events are defined as failure to pay or deliver as contractually agreed, misrepresentation, bankruptcy, or merger without assumption. See Note 4 for further discussion of collateral related to our derivative contracts.

We have securities lending agreements with unaffiliated financial institutions that post collateral to us in return for the use of our fixed maturity securities. A right of set-off exists that allows us to keep and apply collateral received in the event of default by the counterparty. Default within a securities lending agreement would typically occur if the counterparty failed to return the securities borrowed from us as contractually agreed. In addition, if we default by not returning collateral received, the counterparty has a right of set-off against our securities or any other amounts due to us.
Shown below are our financial instruments that either meet the accounting requirements that allow them to be offset in our balance sheets or that are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement. Our accounting policy is to not offset these financial instruments in our balance sheets. Net amounts disclosed below have been reduced by the amount of collateral pledged to or received from our counterparties.
December 31, 2024
Gross AmountGross Amount Not
of RecognizedGross AmountNet AmountOffset in Balance Sheet
FinancialOffset inPresented inFinancialCashNet
InstrumentsBalance SheetBalance SheetInstrumentsCollateralAmount
(in millions of dollars)
Financial Assets:
Derivatives$79.4 $— $79.4 $(75.7)$(3.2)$0.5 
Securities Lending94.0 — 94.0 (31.3)(62.7)— 
Total$173.4 $— $173.4 $(107.0)$(65.9)$0.5 
Financial Liabilities:
Derivatives$255.7 $— $255.7 $(254.3)$— $1.4 
Securities Lending62.7 — 62.7 (62.7)— — 
Total$318.4 $— $318.4 $(317.0)$— $1.4 

December 31, 2023
Gross AmountGross Amount Not
of RecognizedGross AmountNet AmountOffset in Balance Sheet
FinancialOffset inPresented inFinancialCashNet
InstrumentsBalance SheetBalance SheetInstrumentsCollateralAmount
(in millions of dollars)
Financial Assets:
Derivatives$99.9 $— $99.9 $(91.9)$(6.4)$1.6 
Securities Lending72.0 — 72.0 (8.9)(63.1)— 
Total$171.9 $— $171.9 $(100.8)$(69.5)$1.6 
Financial Liabilities:
Derivatives$116.2 $— $116.2 $(109.4)$— $6.8 
Securities Lending63.1 — 63.1 (63.1)— — 
Total$179.3 $— $179.3 $(172.5)$— $6.8 
Net Investment Income

Net investment income reported in our consolidated statements of income is presented below.
 Year Ended December 31
 202420232022
 (in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities$1,860.4 $1,853.7 $1,849.8 
Derivatives30.7 45.1 57.8 
Mortgage Loans88.6 92.5 101.5 
Policy Loans20.9 20.8 20.0 
Other Long-term Investments
Perpetual Preferred Securities
0.3 2.5 5.0 
Private Equity Partnerships1
103.1 78.1 110.1 
Other12.0 9.2 9.4 
Short-term Investments90.9 68.7 20.0 
Gross Investment Income2,206.9 2,170.6 2,173.6 
Less Investment Expenses65.2 61.8 39.4 
Less Investment Income on Participation Fund Account Assets11.7 12.1 12.0 
Net Investment Income$2,130.0 $2,096.7 $2,122.2 

1The net unrealized gain recognized in net investment income for the year ended December 31, 2024 related to private equity partnerships still held at December 31, 2024 was $127.1 million, reduced by net management fees and partnership expenses of $(24.0) million. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the net unrealized gain recognized in net investment income related to private equity partnerships still held at year-end was $102.9 million and $124.1 million, respectively, reduced by net management fees and partnership expenses of $(24.8) million and $(14.0) million, respectively. See Note 2 for further discussion of private equity partnerships.
Investment Gain and Loss

Investment gains and losses are as follows:

 Year Ended December 31
 202420232022
 (in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
Gross Gains on Sales
$1.3 $4.4 $2.3 
Gross Losses on Sales(39.5)(53.1)(28.8)
Impairment Loss1
(2.5)— — 
Change in Allowance for Credit Losses
(3.0)(2.2)(4.6)
Mortgage Loans and Other Invested Assets
Gross Gains on Sales0.5 6.0 1.4 
Gross Losses on Sales— (1.0)— 
Impairment Loss
(7.0)(3.0)— 
Change in Allowance for Credit Losses(5.9)(0.9)(1.0)
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement13.0 12.4 16.2 
All Other Derivatives3.8 (0.6)2.6 
Other
9.2 — — 
Foreign Currency Transactions(4.5)2.0 (3.8)
Net Investment (Loss)
$(34.6)$(36.0)$(15.7)

1Includes write-down of securities that we intended to sell prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis.
v3.25.0.1
Derivative Financial Instruments
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Derivative Financial Instruments
Purpose of Derivatives

We are exposed to certain risks relating to our ongoing business operations. The primary risks managed by using derivative instruments are interest rate risk, risk related to matching duration for our assets and liabilities, foreign currency risk, and equity risk. Historically, we have utilized current and forward interest rate swaps, current and forward currency swaps, forward benchmark interest rate locks, currency forward contracts, forward contracts on specific fixed income securities, and total return swaps. Transactions hedging interest rate risk are primarily associated with our individual and group long-term care and individual and group disability products. All other product portfolios are periodically reviewed to determine if hedging strategies would be appropriate for risk management purposes. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges and used to reduce our exposure to interest rate and duration risk are as follows:

Interest rate swaps were used to hedge interest rate risks and to improve the matching of assets and liabilities. An interest rate swap is an agreement in which we agree with other parties to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed rate and variable rate interest amounts. We used interest rate swaps to hedge the anticipated purchase of fixed maturity securities thereby protecting us from the potential adverse impact of declining interest rates on the associated policy reserves. We also used interest rate swaps to hedge the potential adverse impact of rising interest rates in anticipation of issuing fixed rate long-term debt.

Forward benchmark interest rate locks are used to minimize interest rate risk associated with the anticipated purchase or associated future coupons of fixed maturity securities or the anticipated issuance of fixed rate long-term debt. A forward benchmark interest rate lock is a derivative contract without an initial investment where we and the counterparty agree to purchase or sell a specific benchmark interest rate fixed maturity bond at a future date at a predetermined price or yield.

Derivatives designated as either cash flow or fair value hedges and used to reduce our exposure to foreign currency risk are as follows:

Foreign currency interest rate swaps are used to hedge the currency risk of certain foreign currency-denominated fixed maturity securities owned for portfolio diversification. Under these swap agreements, we agree to pay, at specified intervals, fixed rate foreign currency-denominated principal and interest payments in exchange for fixed rate payments in the functional currency of the operating segment.

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments and used to reduce our exposure to foreign currency risk and volatility of the underlying deferred assets in our non-qualified defined contribution plan are as follows:

Foreign currency interest rate swaps previously designated as hedges were used to hedge the currency risk of certain foreign currency-denominated fixed maturity securities owned for portfolio diversification. These derivatives were effective hedges prior to novation to a new counterparty. In conjunction with the novation, these derivatives were de-designated as hedges. We agree to pay, at specified intervals, fixed rate foreign currency-denominated principal and interest payments in exchange for fixed rate payments in the functional currency of the operating segment. We hold offsetting swaps wherein we agree to pay fixed rate principal and interest payments in the functional currency of the operating segment in exchange for fixed rate foreign currency-denominated payments.

Foreign currency forward contracts are used to minimize foreign currency risk. A foreign currency forward is a derivative without an initial investment where we and the counterparty agree to exchange a specific amount of currencies, at a specific exchange rate, on a specific date. We use these forward contracts to hedge the currency risk arising from foreign-currency denominated investments.

Total Return Swaps are used to economically hedge a portion of the liability related to our non-qualified defined contribution plan. A total return swap is an agreement in which we pay a floating rate of interest to the counterparty
and receive the total return on a portfolio of mutual funds and exchange traded funds. These swaps are cash settled on the last day of every month and the notional is re-established each month based on plan participant actions.

Derivative Risks

The basic types of risks associated with derivatives are market risk (that the value of the derivative will be adversely impacted by changes in the market, primarily changes in interest rates, exchange rates, and equity prices) and credit risk (that the counterparty will not perform according to the terms of the contract). The market risk of the derivatives should generally offset the market risk associated with the hedged financial instrument or liability. To help limit the credit exposure of the derivatives, we enter into master netting agreements with our counterparties whereby contracts in a gain position can be offset against contracts in a loss position. We also typically enter into bilateral, cross-collateralization agreements with our counterparties to help limit the credit exposure of the derivatives. These agreements require the counterparty in a loss position to submit acceptable collateral with the other counterparty in the event the net loss position meets or exceeds an agreed upon amount. Credit exposure on derivatives is limited to the value of those contracts in a net gain position, including accrued interest receivable less collateral held. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had $0.5 million and $1.6 million credit exposure on derivatives, respectively. The table below summarizes the nature and amount of collateral received from and posted to our derivative counterparties.

December 31
20242023
(in millions of dollars)
Carrying Value of Collateral Received from Counterparties
Cash$3.6 $11.1 
Fixed Maturity Securities8.4 26.3 
$12.0 $37.4 
Carrying Value of Collateral Posted to Counterparties
Cash$4.0 $— 
Fixed Maturity Securities196.7 39.8 
$200.7 $39.8 

See Note 3 for further discussion of our master netting agreements.

All of our derivative instruments contain provisions that require us to maintain specified issuer credit ratings and financial strength ratings. Should our ratings fall below these specified levels, we would be in violation of the provisions, and our derivatives counterparties could terminate our contracts and request immediate payment. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit risk-related contingent features that were in a liability position was $255.7 million and $116.2 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Cash Flow Hedges

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had $139.1 million and $149.5 million, respectively, notional amount of receive fixed, pay fixed, open current and forward foreign currency interest rate swaps to hedge fixed income foreign currency-denominated securities.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had $2,570.0 million and $1,905.0 million, respectively, notional amount of forward benchmark interest rate locks to hedge the anticipated purchase or associated future coupons of fixed maturity securities.

As of December 31, 2024, we expect to amortize approximately $9.2 million of net deferred gains on derivative instruments during the next twelve months. This amount will be reclassified from AOCI into earnings and reported on the same income statement line item as the hedged item. The income statement line items that will be affected by this amortization are net
investment income and interest and debt expense. Additional amounts that may be reclassified from AOCI into earnings to offset the earnings impact of foreign currency translation of hedged items are not estimable.

As of December 31, 2024, we are hedging the variability of future cash flows associated with forecasted transactions through the year 2064.

Fair Value Hedges

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had $736.4 million and $642.5 million notional amount of receive fixed, pay fixed, open current and forward foreign currency interest rate swaps to hedge fixed income foreign currency-denominated securities.

The following tables summarize the amortized cost, carrying amount of hedged assets, and the related cumulative basis adjustments related to our fair value hedges:
December 31, 2024
(in millions of dollars)
Amortized Cost of Hedged Assets
Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets
Fixed maturity securities:
Receive fixed foreign currency interest, pay fixed foreign currency interest$648.4 $551.0 $(46.3)
December 31, 2023
(in millions of dollars)
Amortized Cost of Hedged Assets
Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets
Fixed maturity securities:
Receive fixed foreign currency interest, pay fixed foreign currency interest$636.9 $529.2 $(6.1)

For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, $(22.0) million, $(21.1) million, and $17.6 million, respectively, of the derivative instruments' gain (loss) related to cross-currency basis spread and forward points was excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. There were no instances wherein we discontinued fair value hedge accounting due to a hedged firm commitment no longer qualifying as a fair value hedge.

Derivatives not Designated as Hedging Instruments

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we held $125.9 million and $132.0 million, respectively, notional amount of receive fixed, pay fixed, foreign currency interest rate swaps. These derivatives are not designated as hedges, and as such, changes in fair value related to these derivatives are reported in earnings as a component of net investment gain or loss.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we held $51.1 million and $52.5 million, respectively, notional amount of foreign currency forwards to mitigate the foreign currency risk associated with specific securities owned. These derivatives are not designated as hedges, and as such, changes in fair value related to these derivatives are reported in earnings as a component of net investment gain or loss.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we held $128.9 million and $102.2 million, respectively, notional amount of total return swaps to mitigate the volatility associated with changes in the fair value of the underlying notional assets in our non-qualified
defined contribution plan. This derivative is an economic hedge not designated as a hedging instrument, and changes in fair value are reported as a component of other expenses in our income statement.

We have an embedded derivative in a modified coinsurance arrangement for which we include in our net investment gains and losses a calculation intended to estimate the value of the option of our reinsurance counterparty to cancel the reinsurance contract with us. However, neither party can unilaterally terminate the reinsurance agreement except in extreme circumstances resulting from regulatory supervision, delinquency proceedings, or other direct regulatory action. Cash settlements or collateral related to this embedded derivative are not required at any time during the reinsurance contract or at termination of the reinsurance contract. There are no credit-related counterparty triggers, and any accumulated embedded derivative gain or loss reduces to zero over time as the reinsured business winds down.

Locations and Amounts of Derivative Financial Instruments

The following tables summarize the notional amounts and fair values of derivative financial instruments, as reported in our consolidated balance sheets. Derivative assets are included in other long-term investments, while derivative liabilities are included in other liabilities within our consolidated balance sheets. The notional amounts represent the basis upon which our counterparty pay and receive amounts are calculated.

 December 31, 2024
 Derivative AssetsDerivative Liabilities
 Notional
Amount
Fair
Value
Fair
Value
(in millions of dollars)
Designated as Hedging Instruments
Cash Flow Hedges
Forward Benchmark Interest Rate Locks$2,570.0 $3.4 $223.2 
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps139.1 17.6 1.1 
Total Cash Flow Hedges2,709.1 21.0 224.3 
Fair Value Hedges
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps736.4 54.7 15.0 
Total Designated as Hedging Instruments$3,445.5 $75.7 $239.3 
Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign Currency Forwards$51.1 $3.1 $— 
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps125.9 0.6 16.4 
Total Return Swaps128.9 — — 
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement— 11.5 — 
Total Not Designated as Hedging Instruments$305.9 $15.2 $16.4 
Total Derivatives$3,751.4 $90.9 $255.7 
 December 31, 2023
 Derivative AssetsDerivative Liabilities
 Notional
Amount
Fair
Value
Fair
Value
(in millions of dollars)
Designated as Hedging Instruments
Cash Flow Hedges
Forward Benchmark Interest Rate Locks$1,905.0 $44.5 $77.8 
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps149.5 14.2 4.5 
Total Cash Flow Hedges2,054.5 58.7 82.3 
Fair Value Hedges
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps642.5 38.2 16.7 
Total Designated as Hedging Instruments$2,697.0 $96.9 $99.0 
Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign Currency Forwards$52.5 $3.0 $0.2 
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps132.0 — 17.0 
Total Return Swaps102.2 — — 
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement— — 1.5 
Total Not Designated as Hedging Instruments$286.7 $3.0 $18.7 
Total Derivatives$2,983.7 $99.9 $117.7 


The following tables summarize the location of gains and losses of derivative financial instruments designated as hedging instruments, as reported in our consolidated statements of income.
 Year Ended December 31, 2024
Net Investment IncomeNet Investment Gain (Loss)Interest and Debt Expense
 (in millions of dollars)
Total Income and Expense Presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income of Which Hedged Items are Recorded$2,130.0 $(34.6)$201.1 
Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Interest Rate Swaps:
Hedged items109.6 — 2.9 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments17.4 — — 
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Hedged items8.6 (0.4)— 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments0.7 0.4 — 
Forward Benchmark Interest Rate Locks:
Hedged items40.7 — — 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments(1.0)— — 
Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Hedged items17.1 (40.2)— 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments14.5 40.2 — 
 Year Ended December 31, 2023
Net Investment IncomeNet Investment Gain (Loss)Interest and Debt Expense
 (in millions of dollars)
Total Income and Expense Presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income of Which Hedged Items are Recorded$2,096.7 $(36.0)$194.8 
Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Interest Rate Swaps:
Hedged items198.6 0.8 2.9 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments35.2 — — 
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Hedged items9.6 0.4 — 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments— (0.4)— 
Forward Benchmark Interest Rate Locks:
Hedged items18.5 — — 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments(0.5)— — 
Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Hedged items14.5 18.7 — 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments11.1 (18.7)— 

 Year Ended December 31, 2022
Net Investment IncomeNet Investment Gain (Loss)Interest and Debt Expense
 (in millions of dollars)
Total Income and Expense Presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income of Which Hedged Items are Recorded$2,122.2 $(15.7)$188.5 
Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Interest Rate Swaps:
Hedged items200.0 — 2.9 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments51.0 — — 
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Hedged items12.3 (2.3)— 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments(0.8)1.8 — 
Forward Benchmark Interest Rate Locks:
Hedged items0.5 — — 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments— — — 
Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Hedged items11.6 (26.8)— 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments7.3 26.8 — 
The following table summarizes the location of gains and losses of derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedging instruments, as reported in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).
Year Ended December 31
 202420232022
 (in millions of dollars)
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Derivatives
Forward Benchmark Interest Rate Locks
$(213.8)$(22.5)$(49.8)
Foreign Exchange Contracts7.2 (4.3)7.4 
Total$(206.6)$(26.8)$(42.4)

The following table summarizes the location of gains and losses on our derivatives not designated as hedging instruments, as reported in our consolidated statements of income.
 Year Ended December 31
 202420232022
 (in millions of dollars)
Net Investment Gain (Loss)
Foreign Exchange Contracts$3.8 $(0.6)$2.7 
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement13.0 12.4 16.2 
Total$16.8 $11.8 $18.9 
Other Expenses
(Gain) Loss on Total Return Swaps$(12.5)$(13.6)$18.9 
v3.25.0.1
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]  
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Components of AOCI, after tax, and related changes are as follows:
Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities
Effect of Change in Discount Rate Assumptions on the LFPB1
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives
Foreign Currency Translation AdjustmentUnrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit CostsTotal
(in millions of dollars)
Balance at December 31, 2021$4,014.4 $(8,570.7)$61.8 $(274.1)$(396.0)$(5,164.6)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications(7,066.0)8,884.6 (30.4)(116.0)49.7 1,721.9 
Amounts Reclassified from AOCI
23.2 — (41.0)— 12.2 (5.6)
Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)(7,042.8)8,884.6 (71.4)(116.0)61.9 1,716.3 
Balance at December 31, 2022(3,028.4)313.9 (9.6)(390.1)(334.1)(3,448.3)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications1,069.3 (962.3)(37.4)69.0 (16.9)121.7 
Amounts Reclassified from AOCI
40.0 — (26.7)— 5.3 18.6 
Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)1,109.3 (962.3)(64.1)69.0 (11.6)140.3 
Balance at December 31, 2023(1,919.1)(648.4)(73.7)(321.1)(345.7)(3,308.0)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications(870.4)1,833.8 (184.4)(21.9)(7.4)749.7 
Amounts Reclassified from AOCI
34.3 — (12.6)— 12.9 34.6 
Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)(836.1)1,833.8 (197.0)(21.9)5.5 784.3 
Balance at December 31, 2024$(2,755.2)$1,185.4 $(270.7)$(343.0)$(340.2)$(2,523.7)
1Liability for Future Policy Benefits

Amounts reclassified from AOCI were recognized in our consolidated statements of income as follows:
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities
Net Investment Loss on Fixed Maturity Securities
Net Loss on Sales$(38.2)$(48.7)$(24.8)
Impairment Loss(2.5)— — 
Change in Allowance for Credit Losses(3.0)(2.2)(4.6)
(43.7)(50.9)(29.4)
Income Tax Benefit(9.4)(10.9)(6.2)
Total$(34.3)$(40.0)$(23.2)
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives
Net Investment Income
Gain on Interest Rate Swaps and Forwards$16.4 $34.7 $51.1 
Loss on Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps (0.2)(0.5)(1.0)
Net Investment Gain (Loss)
Gain (Loss) on Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps(0.2)(0.4)1.8 
16.0 33.8 51.9 
Income Tax Expense3.4 7.1 10.9 
Total$12.6 $26.7 $41.0 
Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs
Other Expenses
Amortization of Net Actuarial Loss$(16.4)$(7.2)$(15.7)
Amortization of Prior Service Credit0.1 0.2 0.2 
(16.3)(7.0)(15.5)
Income Tax Benefit(3.4)(1.7)(3.3)
Total$(12.9)$(5.3)$(12.2)
v3.25.0.1
Financial Services, Insurance
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Insurance [Abstract]  
Long-Duration Insurance Contracts Disclosure
Liabilities for future policy benefits represent the cost of claims that we estimate we will eventually pay to our policyholders which includes policy liabilities for claims not yet incurred and for claims that have been incurred or are estimated to have been incurred but not yet reported to us. Liabilities for future policy benefits also include the related expenses for our non interest-sensitive life and accident and health products. The liability for future policy benefits is calculated based on the present value of the estimated future policy benefits less the present value of estimated future net premiums collected. Net premiums represent the portion of the gross premium required to provide for all benefits and expenses, excluding acquisition costs or any costs that are required to be charged to expense as incurred. In calculating the liability for future policy benefits, our long-duration contracts are grouped into cohorts by product type and contract issue year.

The calculation of the liability for future policy benefits involves numerous assumptions including assumptions related to discount rate, lapses, mortality, and morbidity. Cash flow assumptions are reviewed and updated, as needed, at least annually. Assumptions may be updated more frequently if necessary based on trending experience and future expectations. On a quarterly basis, cohort level cash flow measures are updated based on the emergence of actual experience.

The initial, also referred to as the original, discount rate assumptions established for each cohort are used to determine interest accretion. After policy issuance or policy renewal, the discount rate assumptions are updated quarterly and used to update the liability at each reporting date to the current discount rate. The weighted average current discount rate was 5.3 percent at December 31, 2024, 4.8 percent at December 31, 2023, and 5.0 percent at December 31, 2022. The discount rate was higher at December 31, 2024 relative to December 31, 2023 due to an increase in U.S. Treasury rates. The discount rate was lower at December 31, 2023 relative to December 31, 2022 due primarily to a decrease in credit spreads.

During the third quarter of 2024, we completed our annual cash flow assumption review and we updated certain of our assumptions used to develop the liability for future policy benefits which resulted in a net decrease to the liability. The decrease to the liability for future policy benefits was driven primarily by assumption updates in our Closed Block long-term care product line, Unum US group disability product line, Unum US individual disability product line, and the Colonial Life segment. The Closed Block long-term care assumption updates were primarily driven by an increase to expected premium rate increase approvals within our existing premium rate increase program, partially offset by lower than expected persistency on group policies. The Unum US group disability product line assumption updates were primarily related to claim resolution assumptions driven by favorable claim recovery trends, while the Unum US individual disability product line assumption updates were primarily driven by favorable claim incidence trends. The Colonial Life segment assumption updates were driven by improved claim cost assumptions.

During the third quarter of 2023, we completed our annual cash flow assumption review and updated certain of our assumptions used to develop the liability for future policy benefits which resulted in a net increase to the liability. The increase to the liability for future policy benefits was driven primarily by assumption updates in our Closed Block long-term care product line, partially offset by assumption updates in the Unum US group disability product line and in the Colonial Life segment. The long-term care assumption updates were primarily driven by lower expectations for active policy lapse and mortality assumptions, partially offset by an increase to expected premium rate increase approvals within our existing premium rate increase program. The Unum US group disability product line assumption updates were primarily related to claim resolution assumptions driven by favorable claim recovery trends, while the Colonial Life segment assumption updates were driven by improved claim cost assumptions and increases in policyholder lapse rates.
During the third quarter of 2022, we completed our annual cash flow assumption review and updated certain of our assumptions used to develop the liability for future policy benefits which resulted in a net increase to the liability. The increase to the liability for future policy benefits was driven primarily by assumption updates related to the reinsured portion of our Closed Block segment, mostly offset by assumption updates in the Unum US segment and the Colonial Life segment. The Closed Block segment assumption updates related to the reinsured portion of our all other product line primarily included updates to mortality assumptions for the advanced age portion of our individual disability claimant population. This advanced age claimant population was included in the block ceded as a part of the Closed Block individual disability reinsurance transaction with Commonwealth Annuity and Life Insurance Company. As a result, a corresponding increase was reported in our consolidated balance sheet as a reinsurance recoverable related to these assumption updates. The Unum US segment assumption updates were primarily driven by sustained improvement in claim recovery trends in our group disability and group life product lines, partially offset by lower social security benefit offsets in our group disability product line. The Colonial Life segment assumption updates were primarily driven by improved claim cost assumptions.

Actual variance from expected experience for 2024 was due primarily to the Unum US group disability, Closed Block long-term care, and the Unum US group life and accidental death and dismemberment product lines, as well as the Unum International and Colonial Life segments. The variance in the Unum US group disability product line was primarily due to higher than expected claim resolutions driven by recoveries. The variance in our Closed Block long-term care product line was driven primarily by higher than expected claim incidence, as well as lower than expected policy terminations, partially offset by higher than expected claim resolutions. The variance in the Unum US group life and accidental death and dismemberment product line was driven primarily by higher than expected claim resolutions driven by recoveries for waiver of premium benefits and lower than expected mortality experience. The variance in the Unum International segment was driven by higher than expected recoveries. The variance in the Colonial Life segment was driven by lower than expected claim costs.

Actual variance from expected experience for 2023 was due primarily to the Unum US group disability, Unum US group life and accidental death and dismemberment, Unum US individual disability, and Closed Block long-term care product lines. The variance for the Unum US group disability product line was driven by higher than expected claim resolutions driven by recoveries, and the variance in the group life and accidental death and dismemberment product line was driven by lower than expected mortality experience and higher than expected recovery experience for waiver of premium benefits. The variance in the Unum US individual disability product line was driven primarily by lower than expected new claim incidence, while the variance for the Closed Block long-term care product line was driven by higher than expected claim incidence.

Actual variance from expected experience for 2022 was due primarily to the Unum US group disability, Unum US group life and accidental death and dismemberment, and the Unum UK group product lines, as well as the Colonial Life segment. The variance for the Unum US group disability product line was driven by higher than expected claim resolutions driven by recoveries, and the variance in the group life and accidental death and dismemberment product line was driven by lower than expected new claim incidence for waiver of premium benefits. The variance in the Unum UK group product lines was driven by an increase in inflation-linked experience compared to expectations. The variance for the Colonial Life segment was driven primarily by lower claim costs.

For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 there were certain cohorts within the Colonial Life segment, related to our cancer and critical illness product line, and within the Closed Block segment, related to our long-term care product line, for which net premiums exceeded gross premiums. The cohorts for which net premiums exceeded gross premiums within the Closed Block segment resulted in a $46.2 million increase to income before income tax for the year ended December 31, 2024 and resulted in a $226.5 million reduction to income before income tax for the year ended December 31, 2023. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the cohorts for which net premiums exceeded the gross premiums within the Colonial Life segment had an immaterial impact to income before income tax. The impact to income for capped cohorts includes the impact of assumption updates. There were no other product lines with cohorts for which net premiums exceeded gross premiums for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022.
The following table presents balances as well as the changes in the liability for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products.
Consolidated
December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year$14,417.8$12,426.2 $15,881.3 
Beginning balance at original discount rate14,243.2 12,695.3 13,186.2 
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions73.0 1,499.2 (101.9)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(148.2)(82.5)(269.6)
Adjusted beginning of year balance14,168.014,112.012,814.7
Issuances1,075.31,054.9 877.5 
Interest accretion637.0584.0 566.0 
Net premiums collected(1,597.9)(1,537.4)(1,542.3)
Foreign currency(15.5)29.7(20.6)
Ending balance at original discount rate14,266.914,243.212,695.3
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(336.3)174.6 (269.1)
Balance, end of period$13,930.6$14,417.8$12,426.2
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year$52,423.6$48,929.4$65,305.0
Beginning balance at original discount rate51,305.7 49,689.0 50,397.2 
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions(248.5)1,702.0 (92.4)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(336.1)(310.8)(535.1)
Adjusted beginning of year balance50,721.151,080.249,769.7
Issuances1
3,082.03,072.23,194.5
Interest accretion2,253.12,227.22,236.2
Benefit payments(5,215.2)(5,236.1)(5,231.0)
Foreign currency(62.8)162.2(280.4)
Ending balance at original discount rate50,778.251,305.749,689.0
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(1,858.1)1,117.9 (759.6)
Balance, end of period$48,920.1$52,423.6$48,929.4
Net liability for future policy benefits$34,989.5$38,005.8$36,503.2
Other2
1,591.7 1,753.3 1,854.5 
Total liability for future policy benefits36,581.2 39,759.1 38,357.7 
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits7,038.7 7,756.1 8,128.2 
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable$29,542.5$32,003.0$30,229.5
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. For our Unum US group disability, Unum US group life and AD&D and Closed Block - All Other product lines and certain of our Unum International product lines, this line represents new claim incurrals.
2Other primarily relates to our Closed Block - All Other product line.
The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products presented in the rollforward activity above.

Consolidated
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments$10,107.5$9,690.7$9,391.8
Interest accretion$1,616.1$1,643.2$1,670.2

Consolidated
December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments$103,434.1$105,325.8$97,060.7
Expected future gross premiums$39,338.5$38,761.5$35,299.8
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums$25,929.1$25,552.9$23,827.2
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate4.9 %4.8 %4.8 %
Current discount rate5.3 %4.8 %5.0 %
Weighted average duration of the liability
11.4 years11.5 years10.9 years
Unum US Segment

The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Unum US segment.
December 31, 2024
Group DisabilityGroup Life and AD&DVoluntary BenefitsIndividual DisabilityTotal Unum US
(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year $— $— $1,134.7 $1,296.7 $2,431.4
Beginning balance at original discount rate— — 1,192.5 1,294.4 2,486.9
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions— — 41.5 (100.2)(58.7)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience— — (66.2)(3.4)(69.6)
Adjusted beginning of year balance1,167.81,190.82,358.6
Issuances— — 316.3168.7485.0
Interest accretion— — 39.451.691.0
Net premiums collected— — (188.2)(180.4)(368.6)
Ending balance at original discount rate1,335.31,230.72,566.0
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(95.1)(28.2)(123.3)
Balance, end of period$$$1,240.2$1,202.5$2,442.7
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year$5,147.4$922.0$2,334.5$3,348.6$11,752.5
Beginning balance at original discount rate5,277.1936.52,422.03,313.911,949.5
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions(76.4)(17.0)51.6(155.4)(197.2)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(168.9)(53.1)(68.0)(19.1)(309.1)
Adjusted beginning of year balance5,031.8866.42,405.63,139.411,443.2
Issuances1
1,093.2375.4339.3183.11,991.0
Interest accretion151.317.797.7149.1415.8
Benefit payments(1,368.8)(406.9)(228.0)(280.5)(2,284.2)
Ending balance at original discount rate4,907.5852.62,614.63,191.111,565.8
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(171.7)(17.4)(252.1)(94.6)(535.8)
Balance, end of period$4,735.8$835.2$2,362.5$3,096.5$11,030.0
Net liability for future policy benefits$4,735.8$835.2$1,122.3$1,894.0$8,587.3
Other0.40.82.826.430.4
Total liability for future policy benefits4,736.2836.01,125.11,920.48,617.7
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits26.45.313.0149.3194.0
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable$4,709.8$830.7$1,112.1$1,771.1$8,423.7
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. Issuances for Unum US group disability and Unum US group life and AD&D represents new claim incurrals.
December 31, 2023
Group DisabilityGroup Life and AD&DVoluntary BenefitsIndividual DisabilityTotal Unum US
(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year$$$868.2$1,202.9$2,071.1
Beginning balance at original discount rate937.91,228.12,166.0
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions180.75.0185.7
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(79.8)(10.4)(90.2)
Adjusted beginning of year balance1,038.81,222.72,261.5
Issuances288.6197.9486.5
Interest accretion29.048.277.2
Net premiums collected(163.9)(174.4)(338.3)
Ending balance at original discount rate1,192.51,294.42,486.9
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(57.8)2.3(55.5)
Balance, end of period$$$1,134.7$1,296.7$2,431.4
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year $5,533.3$972.6$1,999.5$3,192.8$11,698.2
Beginning balance at original discount rate5,793.1998.52,141.23,244.512,177.3
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions(100.2)170.17.977.8
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(204.0)(37.0)(90.9)(45.3)(377.2)
Adjusted beginning of year balance5,488.9961.52,220.43,207.111,877.9
Issuances1
1,094.5394.2303.7215.32,007.7
Interest accretion171.220.086.2164.7442.1
Benefit payments(1,477.5)(439.2)(188.3)(273.2)(2,378.2)
Ending balance at original discount rate5,277.1936.52,422.03,313.911,949.5
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(129.7)(14.5)(87.5)34.7(197.0)
Balance, end of period$5,147.4$922.0$2,334.5$3,348.6$11,752.5
Net liability for future policy benefits$5,147.4$922.0$1,199.8$2,051.9$9,321.1
Other0.21.02.627.831.6
Total liability for future policy benefits5,147.6923.01,202.42,079.79,352.7
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits30.77.214.0156.7208.6
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable$5,116.9$915.8$1,188.4$1,923.0$9,144.1
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. Issuances for Unum US group disability and Unum US group life and AD&D represents new claim incurrals.
December 31, 2022
Group DisabilityGroup Life and AD&DVoluntary BenefitsIndividual DisabilityTotal Unum US
(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year$$$1,124.8$1,494.3$2,619.1
Beginning balance at original discount rate1,032.31,279.62,311.9
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions(23.4)(73.7)(97.1)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(70.9)(25.2)(96.1)
Adjusted beginning of year balance938.01,180.72,118.7
Issuances136.2168.6304.8
Interest accretion29.149.878.9
Net premiums collected(165.4)(171.0)(336.4)
Ending balance at original discount rate937.91,228.12,166.0
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(69.7)(25.2)(94.9)
Balance, end of period$$$868.2$1,202.9$2,071.1
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year $6,725.7$1,124.1$2,697.3$4,017.3$14,564.4
Beginning balance at original discount rate6,158.31,058.32,201.83,253.312,671.7
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions(102.0)(32.9)(39.9)(53.4)(228.2)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(239.4)(34.3)(74.9)(36.0)(384.6)
Adjusted beginning of year balance5,816.9991.12,087.03,163.912,058.9
Issuances1
1,304.3444.1154.0181.42,083.8
Interest accretion210.524.586.1155.3476.4
Benefit payments(1,538.6)(461.2)(185.9)(256.1)(2,441.8)
Ending balance at original discount rate5,793.1998.52,141.23,244.512,177.3
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(259.8)(25.9)(141.7)(51.7)(479.1)
Balance, end of period$5,533.3$972.6$1,999.5$3,192.8$11,698.2
Net liability for future policy benefits$5,533.3$972.6$1,131.3$1,989.9$9,627.1
Other0.40.915.624.741.6
Total liability for future policy benefits5,533.7973.51,146.92,014.69,668.7
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits36.07.514.1193.6251.2
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable$5,497.7$966.0$1,132.8$1,821.0$9,417.5
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. Issuances for Unum US group disability and Unum US group life and AD&D represents new claim incurrals.
The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Unum US segment presented in the rollforward activity above.
Year Ended December 31, 2024
Group DisabilityGroup Life and AD&DVoluntary BenefitsIndividual DisabilityTotal Unum US
(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments$3,070.4$1,996.0$821.7$659.0$6,547.1
Interest accretion$151.3$17.7$58.3$97.5$324.8

Year Ended December 31, 2023
Group DisabilityGroup Life and AD&DVoluntary BenefitsIndividual DisabilityTotal Unum US
(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments$2,958.7$1,878.0$789.9$636.6$6,263.2
Interest accretion$171.2$20.0$57.2$116.5$364.9

Year Ended December 31, 2022
Group DisabilityGroup Life and AD&DVoluntary BenefitsIndividual DisabilityTotal Unum US
(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments$2,791.7$1,864.9$773.6$591.5$6,021.7
Interest accretion$210.5$24.5$57.0$105.5$397.5
December 31, 2024
Group DisabilityGroup Life and AD&DVoluntary BenefitsIndividual DisabilityTotal Unum US
(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments$5,953.3 $964.5$5,590.6 $5,112.9$17,621.3 
Expected future gross premiums$— $$5,799.1 $5,858.2$11,657.3 
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums$— $$3,815.4 $4,211.8 $8,027.2 
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate4.2 %2.3 %5.0 %5.1 %4.3%
Current discount rate4.9 %2.7 %5.5 %5.3 %4.9%
Weighted average duration of the liability4.2 years2.4 years18.3 years9.4 years7.1 years
December 31, 2023
Group DisabilityGroup Life and AD&DVoluntary BenefitsIndividual DisabilityTotal Unum US
(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments$6,376.6 $1,063.2$5,173.1 $5,313.7$17,926.6 
Expected future gross premiums$— $$5,450.6 $5,724.8$11,175.4 
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums$— $$3,717.5 $4,112.9 $7,830.4 
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate4.0 %2.2 %5.0 %5.1 %4.2%
Current discount rate4.6 %2.6 %4.9 %4.8 %4.5%
Weighted average duration of the liability4.3 years2.6 years18.1 years9.6 years7.0 years

December 31, 2022
Group DisabilityGroup Life and AD&DVoluntary BenefitsIndividual DisabilityTotal Unum US
(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments$6,988.1 $1,133.0$4,561.1 $5,168.2$17,850.4 
Expected future gross premiums$— $$3,979.6 $5,525.1$9,504.7 
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums$— $$2,939.1 $3,962.1 $6,901.2 
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate3.8 %2.2 %5.1 %5.1 %4.0%
Current discount rate4.9 %2.7 %5.2 %5.1 %4.7%
Weighted average duration of the liability4.4 years2.6 years17.8 years9.4 years6.8 years
Unum International Segment

The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Unum International segment.

December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year$270.3$197.1$260.5
Beginning balance at original discount rate298.4 246.8 258.1 
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions(5.9)(5.1)(0.3)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience19.9 17.1 5.6 
Adjusted beginning of year balance312.4258.8263.4
Issuances34.423.517.8
Interest accretion11.49.48.4
Net premiums collected(28.5)(23.0)(22.2)
Foreign currency(15.5)29.7(20.6)
Ending balance at original discount rate314.2298.4246.8
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(38.1)(28.1)(49.7)
Balance, end of period$276.1$270.3$197.1
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year$2,527.4$2,231.4$3,181.8
Beginning balance at original discount rate2,687.1 2,495.5 2,703.8 
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions0.1 17.7 (20.1)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(20.5)1.3 46.3 
Adjusted beginning of year balance2,666.72,514.52,730.0
Issuances1
379.0335.2327.7
Interest accretion67.963.564.9
Benefit payments(409.3)(388.3)(346.7)
Foreign currency(62.8)162.2(280.4)
Ending balance at original discount rate2,641.52,687.12,495.5
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(249.9)(159.7)(264.1)
Balance, end of period$2,391.6$2,527.4$2,231.4
Net liability for future policy benefits$2,115.5$2,257.1$2,034.3
Other40.7 36.1 28.9 
Total liability for future policy benefits2,156.2 2,293.2 2,063.2 
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits67.9 78.7 70.3 
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable$2,088.3$2,214.5$1,992.9
1Issuances for Unum International primarily represent new claim incurrals.
The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Unum International segment presented in the rollforward activity above.
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments$957.1$849.0$786.8
Interest accretion$56.5$54.1$56.5

December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments$4,258.2 $4,261.1 $3,905.4 
Expected future gross premiums$1,295.7 $1,196.6 $943.9 
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums$823.4 $778.6 $626.2 
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate4.1 %4.0 %4.0 %
Current discount rate5.1 %4.6 %5.0 %
Weighted average duration of the liability8.8 years8.6 years8.6 years
Colonial Life Segment

The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Colonial Life segment.

December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year$3,592.6$3,745.4$4,597.0
Beginning balance at original discount rate3,754.3 4,046.4 4,158.9 
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions(7.9)(322.7)(32.3)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(57.3)(53.5)(145.6)
Adjusted beginning of year balance3,689.13,670.23,981.0
Issuances555.9544.9554.9
Interest accretion132.8122.7129.7
Net premiums collected(584.0)(583.5)(619.2)
Ending balance at original discount rate3,793.83,754.34,046.4
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(240.5)(161.7)(301.0)
Balance, end of period$3,553.3$3,592.6$3,745.4
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year$5,566.0$5,581.1$7,054.8
Beginning balance at original discount rate5,925.2 6,163.9 6,201.5 
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions(52.7)(402.9)(85.9)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(92.2)(52.0)(191.3)
Adjusted beginning of year balance5,780.35,709.05,924.3
Issuances610.8605.9628.5
Interest accretion224.4211.3217.0
Benefit payments(589.3)(601.0)(605.9)
Ending balance at original discount rate6,026.25,925.26,163.9
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(591.3)(359.2)(582.8)
Balance, end of period$5,434.9$5,566.0$5,581.1
Net liability for future policy benefits$1,881.6$1,973.4$1,835.7
Other22.6 24.4 22.7 
Total liability for future policy benefits1,904.2 1,997.8 1,858.4 
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits0.9 1.8 1.1 
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable$1,903.3$1,996.0$1,857.3
The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Colonial Life segment presented in the rollforward activity above.

Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments$1,718.9$1,658.6$1,635.8
Interest accretion$91.6$88.6$87.3

December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments$10,409.4 $9,796.7 $10,011.9 
Expected future gross premiums$12,618.4 $11,903.1 $12,221.3 
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums$9,049.4 $8,702.2 $8,966.3 
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate4.4 %4.3 %4.3 %
Current discount rate5.5 %4.8 %5.2 %
Weighted average duration of the liability17.3 years17.0 years17.5 years
Closed Block Segment

The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Closed Block segment.

December 31, 2024
Long-term CareAll OtherTotal Closed Block
(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year $8,123.5$$8,123.5
Beginning balance at original discount rate7,703.67,703.6
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions145.5145.5
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(41.2)(41.2)
Adjusted beginning of year balance7,807.97,807.9
Interest accretion401.8401.8
Net premiums collected(616.8)(616.8)
Ending balance at original discount rate7,592.97,592.9
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions65.665.6
Balance, end of period$7,658.5$$7,658.5
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year $24,697.7$7,880.0$32,577.7
Beginning balance at original discount rate22,649.38,094.630,743.9
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions(4.1)5.41.3
Effect of actual variances from expected experience68.317.485.7
Adjusted beginning of year balance22,713.58,117.430,830.9
Issuances1
101.2101.2
Interest accretion1,199.8345.21,545.0
Benefit payments(959.6)(972.8)(1,932.4)
Ending balance at original discount rate22,953.77,591.030,544.7
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(28.5)(452.6)(481.1)
Balance, end of period$22,925.2$7,138.4$30,063.6
Net liability for future policy benefits$15,266.7$7,138.4$22,405.1
Other2
1.71,496.31,498.0
Total liability for future policy benefits15,268.48,634.723,903.1
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits4.26,771.76,775.9
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable$15,264.2$1,863.0$17,127.2
1Issuances for Closed Block - All Other represents new claim incurrals.
2Other for Closed Block - All Other primarily includes our closed block group pension products and certain of our ceded closed block individual life products.
December 31, 2023
Long-term CareAll OtherTotal Closed Block
(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year $6,412.6$$6,412.6
Beginning balance at original discount rate6,236.16,236.1
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions1,641.31,641.3
Effect of actual variances from expected experience44.144.1
Adjusted beginning of year balance7,921.57,921.5
Interest accretion374.7374.7
Net premiums collected(592.6)(592.6)
Ending balance at original discount rate7,703.67,703.6
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions419.9419.9
Balance, end of period$8,123.5$$8,123.5
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year$21,199.9$8,218.8$29,418.7
Beginning balance at original discount rate20,221.68,630.728,852.3
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions2,009.42,009.4
Effect of actual variances from expected experience113.14.0117.1
Adjusted beginning of year balance22,344.18,634.730,978.8
Issuances1
123.4123.4
Interest accretion1,151.4358.91,510.3
Benefit payments(846.2)(1,022.4)(1,868.6)
Ending balance at original discount rate22,649.38,094.630,743.9
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions2,048.4(214.6)1,833.8
Balance, end of period$24,697.7$7,880.0$32,577.7
Net liability for future policy benefits$16,574.2$7,880.0$24,454.2
Other2
23.11,638.11,661.2
Total liability for future policy benefits16,597.39,518.126,115.4
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits4.57,462.47,466.9
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable$16,592.8$2,055.7$18,648.5
1Issuances for Closed Block - All Other represents new claim incurrals.
2Other for Closed Block - All Other primarily includes our closed block group pension products and certain of our ceded closed block individual life products.
December 31, 2022
Long-term CareAll OtherTotal Closed Block
(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year $8,404.7$$8,404.7
Beginning balance at original discount rate6,457.36,457.3
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions27.827.8
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(33.5)(33.5)
Adjusted beginning of year balance6,451.66,451.6
Interest accretion349.0349.0
Net premiums collected(564.5)(564.5)
Ending balance at original discount rate6,236.16,236.1
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions176.5176.5
Balance, end of period$6,412.6$$6,412.6
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year$30,089.6$10,414.4$40,504.0
Beginning balance at original discount rate19,870.88,949.428,820.2
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions24.9216.9241.8
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(36.2)30.7(5.5)
Adjusted beginning of year balance19,859.59,197.029,056.5
Issuances1
154.5154.5
Interest accretion1,105.1372.81,477.9
Benefit payments(743.0)(1,093.6)(1,836.6)
Ending balance at original discount rate20,221.68,630.728,852.3
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions978.3(411.9)566.4
Balance, end of period$21,199.9$8,218.8$29,418.7
Net liability for future policy benefits$14,787.3$8,218.8$23,006.1
Other2
24.31,737.01,761.3
Total liability for future policy benefits14,811.69,955.824,767.4
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits5.77,799.87,805.5
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable$14,805.9$2,156.0$16,961.9
1Issuances for Closed Block - All Other represents new claim incurrals.
2Other for Closed Block - All Other primarily includes our closed block group pension products and certain of our ceded closed block individual life products.
The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Closed Block segment presented in the rollforward activity above.
Year Ended December 31, 2024
Long-term CareAll OtherTotal Closed Block
(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments$696.2$188.2$884.4
Interest accretion$798.0$345.2$1,143.2

Year Ended December 31, 2023
Long-term CareAll OtherTotal Closed Block
(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments$696.1$223.8$919.9
Interest accretion$776.7 $358.9$1,135.6

Year Ended December 31, 2022
Long-term CareAll OtherTotal Closed Block
(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments$697.5$250.0$947.5
Interest accretion$756.1 $372.8$1,128.9
December 31, 2024
Long-term CareAll OtherTotal Closed Block
(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments$60,051.5 $11,093.7$71,145.2 
Expected future gross premiums$13,767.1 $$13,767.1 
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums$8,029.1 $$8,029.1 
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate5.6 %4.6 %5.3 %
Current discount rate5.6 %5.4 %5.5 %
Weighted average duration of the liability15.7 years7.2 years12.9 years

December 31, 2023
Long-term CareAll OtherTotal Closed Block
(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments$61,447.7 $11,893.7$73,341.4 
Expected future gross premiums$14,486.4 $$14,486.4 
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums$8,241.7 $$8,241.7 
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate5.6 %4.6 %5.2 %
Current discount rate5.0 %4.9 %4.9 %
Weighted average duration of the liability16.4 years7.3 years13.2 years
December 31, 2022
Long-term CareAll OtherTotal Closed Block
(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments$52,544.0 $12,749.0$65,293.0 
Expected future gross premiums$12,629.9 $$12,629.9 
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums$7,333.5 $$7,333.5 
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate5.5 %4.6 %5.2 %
Current discount rate5.2 %5.1 %5.2 %
Weighted average duration of the liability15.5 years7.4 years12.4 years
Reconciliation

A reconciliation of the liability for future policy benefits reflected in the preceding rollforwards to the related liability balances in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows:

December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Liability for future policy benefits
Unum US1
$8,617.7 $9,352.7 $9,668.7 
Unum International2,156.2 2,293.2 2,063.2 
Colonial Life1,904.2 1,997.8 1,858.4 
Closed Block1
23,903.1 26,115.4 24,767.4 
Other products1
225.2 250.3 219.4 
Total liability for future policy benefits$36,806.4 $40,009.4 $38,577.1 

1Unum US excludes the dental and vision product line and medical stop-loss products and Closed Block excludes our participating fund account, which represents policies issued by one of our subsidiaries prior to its 1986 conversion from a mutual stock life insurance company. The liabilities associated with these products are included within Other products.
Policyholders' account balances primarily include our universal life and corporate-owned life insurance products. Policyholders' account balances reflect customer deposits and interest credited less cost of insurance, administration expenses, surrender charges, and customer withdrawals.

The following table presents the balances and changes in the policyholders' account balances:

December 31, 2024
Unum US - Voluntary BenefitsColonial LifeClosed Block - All Other Total
(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Balance, beginning of year    $578.6 $852.9 $4,082.7 $5,514.2 
Premiums received53.7 79.5 26.5 159.7 
Policy charges1
(56.8)(71.9)(101.4)(230.1)
Surrenders and withdrawals(30.9)(38.0)(12.4)(81.3)
Benefit payments(6.0)(7.8)(245.1)(258.9)
Interest credited20.8 34.1 300.6 355.5 
Other9.4 0.2 1.3 10.9 
Balance, end of period568.8 849.0 4,052.2 5,470.0 
Reserves in excess of account balance106.913.543.3163.7 
Total policyholders' account balances675.7 862.5 4,095.5 5,633.7 
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to policyholders' account balances0.84,095.54,096.3
Net policyholders' account balances, after reinsurance recoverable$674.9 $862.5 $— $1,537.4 
Weighted average crediting rate3.7%4.1%7.6%6.7%
Net amount at risk2
$4,132.2$8,201.1$1,725.0$14,058.3
Cash surrender value $559.0$819.8$4,031.3$5,410.1
1Contracts included in the policyholders' account balances are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.
2For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date.
December 31, 2023
Unum US - Voluntary BenefitsColonial LifeClosed Block - All OtherTotal
(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Balance, beginning of year    $586.8$852.4$4,159.4$5,598.6 
Premiums received58.584.931.7175.1 
Policy charges1
(60.4)(74.7)(107.2)(242.3)
Surrenders and withdrawals(33.3)(36.8)(18.8)(88.9)
Benefit payments(9.7)(7.2)(216.2)(233.1)
Interest credited22.234.2322.1378.5 
Other14.50.1(88.3)(73.7)
Balance, end of period578.6 852.9 4,082.7 5,514.2 
Reserves in excess of account balance99.516.937.1153.5 
Total policyholders' account balances678.1 869.8 4,119.8 5,667.7 
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to policyholders' account balances0.94,119.84,120.7
Net policyholders' account balances, after reinsurance recoverable$677.2$869.8$$1,547.0
Weighted average crediting rate3.9%4.1%8.0%7.0%
Net amount at risk2
$4,495.6$8,760.1$1,824.3$15,080.0 
Cash surrender value $566.9$813.5$4,062.3$5,442.7 
1Contracts included in the policyholders' account balances are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.
2For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date.
December 31, 2022
Unum US - Voluntary BenefitsColonial LifeClosed Block - All OtherTotal
(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Balance, beginning of year    $598.7$849.2$4,231.7$5,679.6 
Premiums received64.590.932.2187.6 
Policy charges1
(64.5)(78.0)(105.5)(248.0)
Surrenders and withdrawals(32.9)(36.2)(21.3)(90.4)
Benefit payments(10.7)(8.0)(292.8)(311.5)
Interest credited23.534.2311.5369.2 
Other8.20.33.612.1 
Balance, end of period586.8 852.4 4,159.4 5,598.6 
Reserves in excess of account balance92.916.732.0141.6 
Total policyholders' account balances679.7 869.1 4,191.4 5,740.2 
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to policyholders' account balances1.10.24,191.44,192.7
Net policyholders' account balances, after reinsurance recoverable$678.6$868.9$$1,547.5
Weighted average crediting rate4.0%4.1%7.6%6.7%
Net amount at risk2
$4,908.0$9,338.5$1,931.6$16,178.1 
Cash surrender value $583.3$800.9$4,045.9$5,430.1 
1Contracts included in the policyholders' account balances are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.
2For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date.
The balance of the account values by range of guaranteed minimum crediting rates and the related range of difference, in basis points, between rates being credited to policyholders and the respective guaranteed minimums is as follows.

December 31, 2024
Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting RateAt Guaranteed Minimum1 Basis Point - 50 Basis Points Above51 Basis Points - 150 Basis Points AboveGreater than 150 Basis Points AboveTotal
(in millions of dollars)
Unum US - Voluntary Benefits
3.00% - 3.99%
$89.3$$$$89.3
4.00% - 4.99%
218.5195.035.1448.6
5.00% - 6.00%
30.930.9
338.7195.035.1568.8
Colonial Life
4.00% - 5.00%
842.76.3849.0
Closed Block - All Other
3.00% - 5.99%
1,280.2226.625.4— 1,532.2
6.00% - 8.99%
26.0— 26.0
9.00% - 11.99%
1,274.81,157.4— 2,432.2
12.00% - 15.00%
61.8— 61.8
2,581.01,445.825.44,052.2
Total$3,762.4$1,647.1$60.5$$5,470.0
December 31, 2023
Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting RateAt Guaranteed Minimum1 Basis Point - 50 Basis Points Above51 Basis Points - 150 Basis Points AboveGreater than 150 Basis Points AboveTotal
(in millions of dollars)
Unum US - Voluntary Benefits
3.00% - 3.99%
$91.9$$$$91.9
4.00% - 4.99%
227.1190.137.7454.9
5.00% - 6.00%
31.831.8
350.8190.137.7578.6
Colonial Life
4.00% - 5.00%
846.76.2852.9
Closed Block - All Other
3.00% - 5.99%
526.81,081.830.7— 1,639.3
6.00% - 8.99%
1.331.0— 32.3
9.00% - 11.99%
318.42,036.5— 2,354.9
12.00% - 15.00%
56.2— 56.2
846.53,205.530.74,082.7
Total$2,044.0$3,401.8$68.4$$5,514.2
December 31, 2022
Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting RateAt Guaranteed Minimum1 Basis Point - 50 Basis Points Above51 Basis Points - 150 Basis Points AboveGreater than 150 Basis Points AboveTotal
(in millions of dollars)
Unum US - Voluntary Benefits
3.00% - 3.99%
$94.4$$$$94.4
4.00% - 4.99%
274.5183.9458.4
5.00% - 6.00%
34.034.0
402.9183.9586.8
Colonial Life
4.00% - 5.00%
846.46.0852.4
Closed Block - All Other
3.00% - 5.99%
1,661.729.16.4— 1,697.2
6.00% - 8.99%
31.4— 31.4
9.00% - 11.99%
2,378.2— 2,378.2
12.00% - 15.00%
52.6— 52.6
4,123.929.16.44,159.4
Total$5,373.2$219.0$6.4$$5,598.6
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs by Segment
The following tables display the changes in DAC throughout the year:

December 31, 2024
Unum USUnum InternationalColonial LifeTotal
(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year$1,232.2$46.9$1,435.4$2,714.5
Capitalization320.917.8312.8651.5
Amortization expense(292.5)(9.5)(219.0)(521.0)
Foreign currency(2.2)(2.2)
Balance, end of year
$1,260.6$53.0$1,529.2$2,842.8

December 31, 2023
Unum USUnum InternationalColonial LifeTotal
(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year$1,185.1$37.0$1,337.9$2,560.0
Capitalization314.714.6302.9632.2
Amortization expense(267.6)(8.4)(205.4)(481.4)
Foreign currency3.73.7
Balance, end of year
$1,232.2$46.9$1,435.4$2,714.5

December 31, 2022
Unum USUnum InternationalColonial LifeTotal
(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year$1,152.9$36.4$1,238.1$2,427.4
Capitalization273.112.0271.8556.9
Amortization expense(240.9)(8.2)(172.0)(421.1)
Foreign currency(3.2)(3.2)
Balance, end of year
$1,185.1$37.0$1,337.9$2,560.0

December 31, 2024
Group DisabilityGroup Life and AD&DVoluntary BenefitsIndividual DisabilityDental and VisionTotal Unum US
(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year$63.6$48.9$610.6$497.8$11.3$1,232.2
Capitalization62.240.6120.283.414.5320.9
Amortization expense (64.7)(38.4)(116.5)(60.0)(12.9)(292.5)
Balance, end of year
$61.1$51.1$614.3$521.2$12.9$1,260.6
December 31, 2023
Group DisabilityGroup Life and AD&DVoluntary BenefitsIndividual DisabilityDental and VisionTotal Unum US
(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year$61.0$49.3$601.0$464.4$9.4$1,185.1
Capitalization60.2 38.6115.887.412.7314.7
Amortization expense(57.6)(39.0)(106.2)(54.0)(10.8)(267.6)
Balance, end of year
$63.6$48.9$610.6$497.8$11.3$1,232.2

December 31, 2022
Group DisabilityGroup Life and AD&DVoluntary BenefitsIndividual DisabilityDental and VisionTotal Unum US
(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year$60.9$53.9$588.6$441.8$7.7$1,152.9
Capitalization53.137.3100.072.010.7273.1
Amortization expense (53.0)(41.9)(87.6)(49.4)(9.0)(240.9)
Balance, end of year
$61.0$49.3$601.0$464.4$9.4$1,185.1

During the third quarters of 2024 and 2023, we updated our policyholder lapse and mortality assumptions used to develop the future amortization for DAC for the Unum US voluntary benefits product line and the Colonial Life segment. During the third quarter of 2022, we updated our policyholder lapse and mortality assumptions used to develop the future amortization for DAC for the Unum US individual disability and voluntary benefits product lines as well as for the Colonial Life segment. These assumption updates were consistent with the related assumption updates for the liability for future policy benefits.
v3.25.0.1
Income Tax
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Tax Disclosure
Total income tax expense (benefit) is allocated as follows:
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Net Income$472.2 $356.3 $342.8 
Stockholders' Equity - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Change in Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities
(226.6)300.6 (1,890.8)
Change in the Effect of Discount Rate Assumptions on the Liability for Future Policy and Contract Benefits, Net of Reinsurance
488.9 (256.5)2,385.1 
Change in Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives
(51.5)(17.0)(19.2)
Change in Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment1.1 0.9 (0.1)
Change in Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs12.0 (2.7)18.9 
Total$696.1 $381.6 $836.7 

A reconciliation of the income tax provision at the U.S. federal statutory rate to the income tax rate as reported in our consolidated statements of income is as follows:
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
Statutory Income Tax21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
Policyholder Reserves0.3 (0.6)(1.7)
Other Items, Net(0.3)1.3 0.3 
Effective Tax21.0 %21.7 %19.6 %
Our net deferred tax asset consists of the following. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current presentation.

December 31
20242023
(in millions of dollars)
Deferred Tax Asset
Invested Assets$593.2 $354.5 
Reserves
— 462.6 
Employee Benefits
146.3 161.9 
Other
36.8 35.8 
Gross Deferred Tax Asset776.3 1,014.8 
Less: Valuation Allowance
12.1 11.0 
Net Deferred Tax Asset764.2 1,003.8 
Deferred Tax Liability
Deferred Acquisition Costs
167.0 175.1 
Reserves85.9 — 
Cost of Reinsurance
110.4 119.7 
Other
62.2 86.6 
Gross Deferred Tax Liability425.5 381.4 
Net Deferred Tax Asset
$338.7 $622.4 
Our consolidated statements of income include amounts subject to both domestic and foreign taxation. The income and related tax expense (benefit) are as follows:

Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Income Before Tax
   Domestic$2,129.5 $1,506.2 $1,596.8 
   Foreign121.8 133.9 153.2 
   Total$2,251.3 $1,640.1 $1,750.0 
Current Tax Expense (Benefit)
   Federal$393.1 $440.4 $306.5 
   State and Local(8.5)(2.5)12.7 
   Foreign47.5 14.1 154.3 
   Total432.1 452.0 473.5 
Deferred Tax Expense (Benefit)
   Federal59.8 (106.2)42.7 
   State and Local(0.6)(1.5)1.1 
   Foreign(19.1)12.0 (174.5)
   Total40.1 (95.7)(130.7)
Total Tax Expense$472.2 $356.3 $342.8 

On June 10, 2021, the Finance Act 2021 was enacted, resulting in a U.K. tax increase from 19 percent to 25 percent, effective April 1, 2023.

As of December 31, 2024, our plans for future repatriations of cash from our foreign subsidiaries can include no more than the amount of capital above that which is required by foreign regulatory capital requirements.  The remainder of our investment in our foreign subsidiaries is indefinitely reinvested.

Our consolidated statements of income include the following changes in unrecognized tax benefits.

December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Balance at Beginning of Year$156.7 $177.4 $198.8 
Decreases for Tax Positions Related to Prior Years(20.7)(20.7)(21.0)
Lapse of the Applicable Statute of Limitations— — (0.4)
Balance at End of Year136.0 156.7 177.4 
Less Tax Attributable to Temporary Items Included Above(21.2)(42.4)(63.5)
Total Unrecognized Tax Benefits That if Recognized Would Affect the Effective Tax Rate$114.8 $114.3 $113.9 
In 2018, we recorded $261.1 million gross unrecognized tax benefits for a policyholder reserves position taken on our 2017 federal tax return, which if recognized, would decrease our tax expense by $112.9 million. The balances of unrecognized tax benefits for which the ultimate deductibility is highly certain but for which there is uncertainty about the timing of such deductibility are $21.2 million at December 31, 2024, $42.4 million at December 31, 2023, and $63.5 million at December 31, 2022. It is reasonably possible that this item could reverse in the next 12 months following review by the IRS. We recognize interest expense and penalties, if applicable, related to unrecognized tax benefits in tax expense. We recognized $13.2 million, $12.2 million, and $7.8 million of interest expense related to unrecognized tax benefits during 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. The liability for net interest expense on uncertain tax positions was approximately $59.4 million, $46.2 million, and $34.0 million as of December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

We file federal and state income tax returns in the United States and in foreign jurisdictions. Tax year 2017 and tax years subsequent to 2018 remain subject to examination by the IRS. All major foreign jurisdictions remain subject to examination for tax years subsequent to 2022 with the exception of Poland for which tax years subsequent to 2018 remain subject to examination. We believe sufficient provision has been made for all potential adjustments for years that are not closed by the statute of limitations in all major tax jurisdictions and that any such adjustments would not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity, or results of operations.

We file state income tax returns in nearly every state in the United States. Tax years subsequent to 2019 remain subject to examination depending on the statute of limitation established by the various states, which is generally three to four years.

As of December 31, 2024, we have no federal net operating loss or capital loss carryforwards. We have net operating loss carryforwards for state and local income tax of approximately $182.9 million, most of which is expected to expire unused between 2025 and 2044.

We record valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.  Our valuation allowance was $12.1 million and $11.0 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, the majority of which related to our cumulative deferred state income tax benefits. The de minimis remaining amount of our valuation allowance relates to unrealized tax losses on buildings which we own and occupy in the U.K. We recorded an increase in our valuation allowance of $1.1 million during 2024 and $0.7 million in 2023, primarily in other comprehensive income.

Total income taxes paid during 2024, 2023, and 2022 were $376.0 million, $446.0 million, and $375.0 million respectively.
v3.25.0.1
Debt
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Debt
Debt consists of the following:

December 31
20242023
Interest RatesMaturities(in millions of dollars)
Long-term Debt
Outstanding Principal
   Senior Notes issued 19986.750 - 7.250%2028$335.8 $335.8 
   Senior Notes issued 20027.375%203239.5 39.5 
   Senior Notes issued 2012 and 20165.750%2042500.0 500.0 
Senior Notes issued 20153.875%2025— 275.0 
   Senior Notes issued 20194.000%2029400.0 400.0 
   Senior Notes issued 20194.500%2049450.0 450.0 
   Senior Notes issued 20214.125%2051600.0 600.0 
   Senior Notes issued 20244.046%2041400.0 — 
   Senior Notes issued 20246.000%2054400.0 — 
   Medium-term Notes issued 1990 - 19967.190%202818.5 18.5 
   Junior Subordinated Debt Securities issued 19987.405%2038189.7 189.7 
   Junior Subordinated Debt Securities issued 20186.250%2058300.0 300.0 
Term Loan issued 2022Variable2027— 350.0 
Unamortized Net Premium (Discount)
(131.3)2.5 
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs(37.0)(30.6)
Total Long-term Debt$3,465.2 $3,430.4 
Short-term Debt
Outstanding Principal
   Senior Notes issued 20153.875%2025275.0 — 
   Unamortized Net Discount
(0.2)— 
   Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs
(0.2)— 
Total Short-term Debt274.6 — 
Total Debt$3,739.8 $3,430.4 

Debt is comprised of our unsecured notes, which consist of our senior notes and medium-term notes, and rank highest in priority, followed by our junior subordinated debt securities. The senior notes are callable and may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at any time. The medium-term notes are non-callable and the junior subordinated debt securities are callable under limited, specified circumstances.

The aggregate contractual principal maturities are $275.0 million in 2025, $354.3 million in 2028, $400.0 million in 2029 and $2,879.2 million thereafter.

Interest paid on long-term and short-term debt during 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $190.4 million, $183.6 million, and $172.9 million, respectively.
Unsecured Notes

In June 2024, we issued $400.0 million of 6.000% senior notes due 2054.

In August 2022, we redeemed $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 4.000% senior notes due 2024, for which we incurred costs of $3.0 million

There are no significant financial covenants associated with our unsecured notes.

Term Loan Facility

In August 2022, we entered into a five-year $350.0 million senior unsecured delayed draw term loan facility with a syndicate of lenders. Also in August 2022, we drew the entire amount of the term loan facility, which was scheduled to mature in August 2027 and was callable and could be redeemed at par at any time. Amounts due under the term loan facility incurred interest based on the prime rate, the federal funds rate, or the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR). The proceeds from the term loan facility were used to redeem $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 4.000% senior notes due 2024. In June 2024 in tandem with the issuance of our 6.000% senior notes, the aggregate principal amount of outstanding indebtedness under our senior unsecured delayed draw term loan facility was repaid, and subsequently terminated.

Prior to the termination of our term loan facility, the borrowings on the facility were subject to financial covenants, negative covenants, and events of default that are customary. The two primary financial covenants included limitations based on our leverage ratio and consolidated net worth, but we were also subjected to covenants that limit subsidiary indebtedness.

Junior Subordinated Debt Securities

In 1998, Provident Financing Trust I (the Trust), a 100 percent-owned finance subsidiary of Unum Group, issued $300.0 million of 7.405% capital securities due 2038 in a public offering. These capital securities are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Unum Group, have a liquidation value of $1,000 per capital security, and have a mandatory redemption feature under certain circumstances. In connection with the capital securities offering, Unum Group issued to the Trust 7.405% junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures due 2038. The Trust is a variable interest entity of which Unum Group is not the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, the capital securities issued by the Trust are not included in our consolidated financial statements and our liability represents the junior subordinated debt securities owed to the trust which is recorded in long-term debt. The sole assets of the Trust are the junior subordinated debt securities. The retirement of any liquidation amount regarding the capital securities by the Trust results in a corresponding retirement of principal amount of the junior subordinated debt securities.

In September 2022, pursuant to privately negotiated transactions, we purchased, and the Trust retired, $14.0 million aggregate liquidation amount of the Trust's 7.405% capital securities due 2038, which resulted in the reduction of a corresponding principal amount of our 7.405% junior subordinated debt securities due 2038 then held by the Trust. We incurred costs of $1.2 million related to the early retirement of the junior subordinated debt securities.

P-Caps Trust and Notes Issuance

During November 2021, we entered into a 20-year facility agreement with a Delaware statutory trust (the P-Caps Trust), in connection with the sale by the P-Caps Trust of $400.0 million of pre-capitalized trust securities (P-Caps) in a Rule 144A private placement. The P-Caps Trust invested the proceeds from the sale of the P-Caps in a portfolio of principal and interest strips of U.S. Treasury securities (the Trust Assets). The facility agreement gave us the right to issue and require the P-Caps Trust to purchase, on one or more occasions, up to $400.0 million of our 4.046% senior notes due 2041 (the 2041 Senior Notes) in exchange for the Trust Assets. Under the facility agreement, we agreed to pay a semi-annual facility fee to the P-Caps Trust at a rate of 2.225% per year on the unexercised portion of the maximum amount of 2041 senior notes that we could issue and sell to the P-Caps Trust and to reimburse the P-Caps Trust for its expenses.
In October 2024, we exercised our issuance right in full under the facility agreement and issued $400.0 million of the 2041 Senior Notes to the P-Caps Trust in exchange for the Trust Assets, thereby triggering our recognition of the 2041 Senior Notes on our consolidated balance sheets. The Trust Assets had a fair value of $273.5 million when the 2041 Senior Notes were issued. We directed the trustee of the P-Caps Trust to dissolve the P-Caps Trust and to deliver the 2041 Senior Notes to the beneficial holders of the P-Caps pro rata in respect of each P-Cap which was a non-cash financing transaction. The 2041 Senior Notes are callable at or above par and rank equally in the right of payment with all of our other unsecured and unsubordinated debt. The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2041 Senior Notes and subsequent sale of the Trust Assets were used for share repurchases.

Credit Facilities

In April 2022, we amended and restated our existing credit agreement providing for a five-year $500.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility with a syndicate of lenders. The credit facility, which was previously set to expire in April 2024, was extended through April 2027. We may request that the lenders’ aggregate commitments of $500.0 million under the facility be increased by up to an additional $200.0 million. Certain of our traditional U.S. life insurance subsidiaries, Unum Life Insurance Company of America (Unum America), Provident Life and Accident Insurance Company (Provident), and Colonial Life & Accident Insurance Company, joined the agreement and may borrow under the credit facility, and we can elect to add additional insurance subsidiaries to the facility at any later date. Any obligation of a subsidiary under the credit facility is several only and not joint and is subject to an unconditional guarantee by Unum Group. We may also request, on up to two occasions, that the lenders' commitment termination dates be extended by one year. The credit facility also provides for the issuance of letters of credit subject to certain terms and limitations. The credit facility provides for borrowings at an interest rate based on the prime rate, the federal funds rate or the SOFR. At December 31, 2024, there were no borrowed amounts outstanding under the credit facility and letters of credit totaling $0.4 million had been issued.

We have a five-year, £75.0 million senior unsecured standby letter of credit facility with a different syndicate of lenders, pursuant to which a syndicated letter of credit was issued in favor of Unum Limited (as beneficiary), our U.K. insurance subsidiary, and is available for drawings up to £75 million until its scheduled expiration in July 2026. The credit facility provides for borrowings at an interest rate based on the prime rate or the federal funds rate.

We have an additional five-year, £75.0 million senior unsecured standby letter of credit facility pursuant to which a standby letter of credit was issued in favor of Unum Limited (as beneficiary), our U.K. insurance subsidiary, and is available for drawings up to £75.0 million until its scheduled expiration in December 2028. In December 2023, as security for the senior standby letter of credit facility we had granted to the issuer of the standby letter of credit the right to exercise, if an event of default had occurred and was continuing, the issuance right under the facility agreement with the P-Caps Trust, up to a maximum of $200.0 million. In October 2024, prior to our exercise of the issuance right under the facility agreement with the P-Caps Trust, the assigned issuance right was forfeited in its entirety. The standby letter of credit facility provides for borrowings at an interest rate based on Sterling Overnight Index Average rate.

At December 31, 2024, there were no borrowed amounts outstanding under the standby letter of credit facilities or letters of credit. If drawings are made in the future, we may elect to borrow such amounts from the lenders pursuant to term loans made under the credit facilities.
Borrowings under the three credit facilities are subject to financial covenants, negative covenants, and events of default that are customary. The two primary financial covenants include limitations based on our leverage ratio and consolidated net worth. We are also subject to covenants that limit subsidiary indebtedness.
v3.25.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Disclosure
Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit (OPEB) Plans

We sponsor several defined benefit pension and OPEB plans for our employees, including non-qualified pension plans. The U.S. qualified and non-qualified defined benefit pension plans comprise the majority of our total benefit obligation and benefit cost. We maintain a separate defined benefit plan for eligible employees in our U.K. operation. The U.S. defined benefit pension plans were frozen and closed to new entrants on December 31, 2013, the OPEB plan was frozen and closed to new entrants on December 31, 2012, and the U.K. plan was frozen and closed to new entrants on December 31, 2002.

U.S. Pension Plan Annuity Purchase

In November 2023, we purchased a group annuity contract which transferred a portion of our U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan obligation to a third party. Under the transaction, which was funded with plan assets, we transferred the responsibility for pension benefits and annuity administration for approximately 1,275 retirees or their beneficiaries receiving less than $700 in monthly benefit payments from the plan. This transfer resulted in a reduction in our U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan obligation of approximately $72 million and is reflected in the Benefits and Expenses Paid line item within the following table regarding changes in our benefit obligation.

Amortization Period of Actuarial Gain or Loss and Prior Service Cost or Credit

Because all participants in the U.S., OPEB, and U.K. pension plans are considered inactive, we amortize the net actuarial gain or loss and prior service credit or cost for these plans over the average remaining life expectancy of the plans. As of December 31, 2024, the estimate of the average remaining life expectancy of the plans was approximately 23 years for the U.S., 12 years for the OPEB plan, and 28 years for the U.K. plan. Prior to 2024, we amortized the net actuarial gain or loss and prior service credit or cost for the OPEB plan over the average remaining future working lifetime for active participants in the plan.
The following table provides the changes in the benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets and the funded status of the plans.
 Pension Benefits  
 U.S. PlansU.K. PlanOPEB
 202420232024202320242023
(in millions of dollars)
Change in Benefit Obligation
Benefit Obligation at Beginning of Year$1,575.3 $1,585.5 $172.3 $157.9 $79.0 $83.9 
Service Cost9.2 9.2 — — — — 
Interest Cost82.9 87.9 7.6 7.7 4.0 4.5 
Plan Participant Contributions— — — — 0.1 0.1 
Actuarial Loss (Gain) (1)
(57.7)61.0 (19.3)3.8 (1.5)(0.5)
Benefits and Expenses Paid(91.1)(168.3)(5.9)(5.7)(8.8)(9.0)
Change in Foreign Exchange Rates— — (2.6)8.6 — — 
Benefit Obligation at End of Year $1,518.6 $1,575.3 $152.1 $172.3 $72.8 $79.0 
Accumulated Benefit Obligation at December 31$1,518.6 $1,575.3 $152.1 $172.3 N/AN/A
Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets
Fair Value of Plan Assets at Beginning of Year$1,295.9 $1,308.3 $145.4 $140.5 $8.2 $8.5 
Actual Return on Plan Assets27.1 145.6 (12.1)3.1 0.1 — 
Employer Contributions9.7 10.3 — — 8.3 8.6 
Plan Participant Contributions— — — — 0.1 0.1 
Benefits and Expenses Paid(91.1)(168.3)(5.9)(5.7)(8.8)(9.0)
Change in Foreign Exchange Rates— — (2.1)7.5 — — 
Fair Value of Plan Assets at End of Year$1,241.6 $1,295.9 $125.3 $145.4 $7.9 $8.2 
Underfunded Status
$277.0 $279.4 $26.8 $26.9 $64.9 $70.8 

(1) The actuarial gains recognized in 2024 for the U.S., U.K., and OPEB plans were driven by increases in the discount rate assumption. The actuarial losses recognized in 2023 for the U.S. and U.K. plans were driven by decreases in the discount rate assumption. Also contributing to the actuarial loss for the U.K. plan in 2023 was unfavorable plan experience resulting from a higher than expected rate of inflation. The actuarial gain recognized in 2023 for the OPEB plan was driven by favorable plan experience, mostly offset by a decrease in the discount rate assumption.
The amounts recognized in our consolidated balance sheets for our pension and OPEB plans at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows.

 Pension Benefits  
 U.S. PlansU.K. PlanOPEB
 202420232024202320242023
(in millions of dollars)
Current Liability$9.4 $9.1 $— $— $0.7 $0.7 
Noncurrent Liability267.6 270.3 26.8 26.9 64.2 70.1 
Underfunded Status
$277.0 $279.4 $26.8 $26.9 $64.9 $70.8 
Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs
   Net Actuarial Gain (Loss)$(496.0)$(510.2)$(91.7)$(95.0)$21.2 $21.2 
   Prior Service Credit (Cost)(0.5)(0.6)(0.2)(0.2)2.1 2.3 
(496.5)(510.8)(91.9)(95.2)23.3 23.5 
   Income Tax200.1 211.2 21.4 22.2 3.4 3.4 
Total Included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)$(296.4)$(299.6)$(70.5)$(73.0)$26.7 $26.9 

The following table provides the changes recognized in other comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
 Pension Benefits  
 U.S. PlansU.K. PlanOPEB
 202420232024202320242023
(in millions of dollars)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) at Beginning of Year$(299.6)$(304.9)$(73.0)$(64.4)$26.9 $35.2 
Net Actuarial Gain (Loss)
Amortization14.6 15.2 2.9 2.5 (1.1)(10.5)
All Other Changes(0.4)(7.6)0.4 (13.8)1.1 0.1 
Prior Service Credit (Cost)
Amortization0.1 — — — (0.2)(0.2)
Change in Income Tax(11.1)(2.3)(0.8)2.7 — 2.3 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) at End of Year$(296.4)$(299.6)$(70.5)$(73.0)$26.7 $26.9 

Plan Assets

The objective of our U.S. pension and OPEB plans is to maximize long-term return, within acceptable risk levels, in a manner that is consistent with the fiduciary standards of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), while maintaining sufficient liquidity to pay current benefits and expenses.
 
Our U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan assets include a diversified blend of domestic, international, global, and emerging market equity securities, fixed income securities, opportunistic credit securities, real estate investments, alternative investments, and cash equivalents.  Equity securities are comprised of funds and individual securities that are benchmarked against the respective indices specified below. International and global equity funds may allocate a certain percentage of assets to forward currency contracts. Fixed income securities include funds and U.S. government and agency asset-backed securities, treasury futures contracts, corporate investment-grade bonds, private placement securities, and bonds issued by states or other
municipalities. Opportunistic credits consist of investments in funds that hold varied fixed income investments purchased at depressed values with the intention to later sell those investments for a gain. Real estate investments consist primarily of funds that hold commercial real estate investments. Alternative investments, which include private equity direct investments and private equity funds of funds, utilize proprietary strategies that are intended to have a low correlation to the U.S. stock market. Prohibited investments include, but are not limited to, unlisted securities, options, short sales, and investments in securities issued by Unum Group or its affiliates. We target approximately 38 percent to equity securities, 30 percent to fixed income securities, and 32 percent to opportunistic credits, alternative, and real estate investments. The invested asset classes, asset types, and benchmark indices for our U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan is as follows.
Asset ClassAsset TypeBenchmark Indices
Equity SecuritiesCollective funds; Individual holdingsMorgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) World Index
Fixed IncomeCollective funds; Individual holdingsBloomberg Barclays Long Corporate Index; Custom Index
Opportunistic CreditsCollective fundCustom Index
Real EstateCollective fundCustom Index
Alternative Investments (Private Equity)Fund of funds; Direct investmentsCustom Index

The investment strategy for our U.K. plan includes increasing the funded ratio in a risk-controlled manner where the risk taken in the investment strategy reduces as the funded status of the plan increases. Assets for our U.K. plan are invested in a portfolio of diversified growth assets as well as a portfolio of fixed income and index-linked securities. The portfolio of growth assets consists of funds invested primarily in global equity securities, investment-grade and below-investment-grade fixed interest securities, including emerging market securities as well as diversified alternatives. The portfolio of fixed interest and index-linked securities are invested primarily in leveraged interest rate and inflation-linked gilt funds of varying durations designed to broadly match the interest rate and inflation sensitivities of the plan's liabilities. At December 31, 2024, our portfolio allocation was approximately 58 percent to growth assets and 42 percent to fixed interest and index-linked securities as we target a specified return on our plan assets. When the funded status of the plan increases, the hedge ratio of interest rate and inflation risk will increase with the intention of reducing funding level volatility. There are no categories of investments that are specifically prohibited by the U.K. plan, but there are general guidelines that ensure prudent investment action is taken. Such guidelines include the prevention of the plan from using derivatives for speculative purposes and limiting the concentration of risk in any one type of investment.
 
Assets for the OPEB plan are invested in life insurance contracts issued by one of our insurance subsidiaries. The assets support life insurance benefits payable to certain former retirees covered under the OPEB plan. The terms of these contracts are consistent in all material respects with those the subsidiary offers to unaffiliated parties that are similarly situated. There are no categories of investments specifically prohibited by the OPEB plan.
 
We believe our investment portfolios are well diversified by asset class and sector, with no undue risk concentrations in any one category.
The categorization of fair value measurements by input level for the invested assets in our U.S. plans is shown below. The carrying values of investment-related receivables and payables approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of the securities and are not included in the following chart. Investments valued using NAV as a practical expedient are not required to be categorized by input level, but these investments are included as follows to reconcile to total invested assets.

 December 31, 2024
 Quoted Prices
in Active Markets
for Identical Assets (Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
NAV as a Practical
Expedient
Total
(in millions of dollars)
Invested Assets
Equity Securities:
Global$52.5 $— $— $372.3 $424.8 
Fixed Income Securities:
U.S. Government and Agencies1
234.5 (16.1)— — 218.4 
Corporate— — — 124.1 124.1 
Non-U.S. Emerging Markets— — — 32.4 32.4 
Opportunistic Credits— — — 139.6 139.6 
Real Estate— — — 166.1 166.1 
Alternative Investments:
Private Equity Direct Investments— — — 63.1 63.1 
Private Equity Funds of Funds— — — 35.2 35.2 
Cash Equivalents17.2 — — — 17.2 
Total Invested Assets$304.2 $(16.1)$— $932.8 $1,220.9 
1 U.S. Government and Agencies Fixed Income Securities includes derivative liabilities.
 December 31, 2023
 Quoted Prices
in Active 
Markets for 
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant 
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
NAV as a Practical
Expedient
Total
(in millions of dollars)
Invested Assets
Equity Securities:
Global$55.0 $— $— $390.8 $445.8 
Fixed Income Securities:
U.S. Government and Agencies1
215.9 40.8 — — 256.7 
Corporate— — — 130.0 130.0 
Non-U.S. Emerging Markets— — — 27.9 27.9 
Opportunistic Credits— — — 150.6 150.6 
Real Estate— — — 162.8 162.8 
Alternative Investments:
Private Equity Direct Investments— — — 68.5 68.5 
Private Equity Funds of Funds— — — 40.7 40.7 
Cash Equivalents16.0 — — — 16.0 
Total Invested Assets$286.9 $40.8 $— $971.3 $1,299.0 
1 U.S. Government and Agencies Fixed Income Securities includes derivative assets.

Level 1 investments consist of individual holdings that are valued based on unadjusted quoted prices from active markets for identical securities. Level 2 investments consist of individual holdings that are valued using either directly or indirectly observable inputs other than quoted prices from active markets.

Certain equity, opportunistic credit, and fixed-income securities are valued based on the NAV of the underlying holdings as of the reporting date. We made no adjustments to the NAV for 2024 or 2023. These investments have no unfunded commitments and no specific redemption restrictions.

Alternative investments are valued based on NAV one quarter in arrears and our real estate investments are valued based on NAV one month in arrears. We evaluate the need for adjustments to the NAV based on market conditions and discussions with fund managers in the period subsequent to the valuation date and prior to issuance of the financial statements. We made no adjustments to the NAV for 2024 or 2023. The private equity direct investments and private equity funds of funds generally cannot be redeemed by investors. Distributions of capital from the sale of underlying fund assets may occur at any time, but are generally concentrated between five and eight years from the formation of the fund. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, these investments had unfunded commitments of $15.2 million and $17.5 million, respectively.
The categorization of fair value measurements by input level for the invested assets in our U.K. plan is shown below. Investments valued using NAV as a practical expedient are not required to be categorized by input level, but these investments are included as follows to reconcile to total invested assets.

 December 31, 2024
 Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
Significant 
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
NAV as a Practical
Expedient
Total
(in millions of dollars)
Invested Assets
Diversified Growth Assets$25.6 $— $9.8 $35.4 
Fixed Income and Index-linked Securities50.5 — — — 50.5 
Alternative Investments— — — 34.5 34.5 
Cash Equivalents5.3 — — — 5.3 
Total Invested Assets$81.4 $— $— $44.3 $125.7 

 December 31, 2023
 Quoted Prices
in Active 
Markets for 
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant 
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
NAV as a Practical
Expedient
Total
(in millions of dollars)
Invested Assets
Diversified Growth Assets$28.1 $— $— $5.9 $34.0 
Fixed Income and Index-linked Securities75.3 — — — 75.3 
Alternative Investments— — — 34.8 34.8 
Cash Equivalents1.3 — — — 1.3 
Total Invested Assets$104.7 $— $— $40.7 $145.4 

The level 1 diversified growth assets and fixed interest and index-linked securities consist of individual funds that are valued based on unadjusted quoted prices from active markets for identical securities. Certain diversified growth assets were valued based on the NAV of the underlying holdings as of the reporting date. Alternative investments are valued based on NAV one quarter in arrears. We evaluate the need for adjustments to the NAV of the alternative investments based on an evaluation of cash flows in the period subsequent to the valuation date and prior to issuance of the financial statements. We made no adjustments to the NAV for 2024 or 2023. These investments generally cannot be redeemed by investors. These investments had unfunded commitments at December 31, 2024 and 2023 of $7.1 million and $9.9 million, respectively.
The categorization of fair value measurements by input level for the assets in our OPEB plan is as follows:

 December 31, 2024
 Quoted Prices
in Active Markets
for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Life Insurance Contracts$— $— $7.9 $7.9 

December 31, 2023
 Quoted Prices
in Active Markets
for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Life Insurance Contracts$— $— $8.2 $8.2 

The fair value is represented by the actuarial present value of future cash flows of the contracts.

Changes in our OPEB plan assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

 Year Ended December 31, 2024
 Beginning
of Year
Actual Return on Plan AssetsContributionsNet Benefits and Expenses PaidEnd of Year
 
(in millions of dollars)
Life Insurance Contracts$8.2 $0.1 $8.4 $(8.8)$7.9 

 Year Ended December 31, 2023
 Beginning
of Year
Actual Return on Plan AssetsContributionsNet Benefits and Expenses PaidEnd of Year
 
(in millions of dollars)
Life Insurance Contracts$8.5 $— $8.7 $(9.0)$8.2 

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the actual return on plan assets relates solely to investments still held at the reporting date. There were no transfers into or out of Level 3 during 2024 or 2023.
Measurement Assumptions

We use a December 31 measurement date for each of our plans. The weighted average assumptions used in the measurement of our benefit obligations as of December 31 and our net periodic benefit costs for the years ended December 31 are as follows:

 Pension Benefits  
 U.S. PlansU.K. PlanOPEB
 202420232024202320242023
Benefit Obligations
   Discount Rate5.80 %5.40 %5.50 %4.50 %5.80 %5.40 %
   Rate of Compensation IncreaseN/AN/A2.50 %2.40 %N/AN/A
Net Periodic Benefit Cost
   Discount Rate5.40 %5.70 %4.50 %4.80 %5.40 %5.70 %
   Expected Return on Plan Assets7.25 %7.25 %6.50 %6.70 %5.75 %5.75 %
   Rate of Compensation IncreaseN/AN/A2.40 %2.50 %N/AN/A

We set the discount rate assumption annually for each of our retirement-related benefit plans at the measurement date to reflect the yield on a portfolio of high quality fixed income corporate debt instruments matched against projected cash flows for future benefits.
 
Our long-term rate of return on plan assets assumption is selected from a range of probable return outcomes from an analysis of the asset portfolio.  Our expectations for the future investment returns of the asset categories are based on a combination of historical market performance, evaluations of investment forecasts obtained from external consultants and economists, and current market yields. The methodology underlying the return assumption includes the various elements of the expected return for each asset class such as long-term rates of return, volatility of returns, and the correlation of returns between various asset classes. The expected return for the total portfolio is calculated based on the plan's strategic asset allocation.  Investment risk is measured and monitored on an ongoing basis through annual liability measurements, periodic asset/liability studies, and quarterly investment portfolio reviews.  Risk tolerance is established through consideration of plan liabilities, plan funded status, and corporate financial condition.

Our mortality rate assumption reflects our best estimate, as of the measurement date, of the life expectancies of plan participants in order to determine the expected length of time for benefit payments. We derive our assumptions from industry mortality tables.

The expected return assumption for the life insurance reserve for our OPEB plan is based on full investment in fixed income securities with an average book yield of 5.01 percent and 4.46 percent in 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The rate of compensation increase assumption for our U.K. plan is generally based on periodic studies of compensation trends.

For our OPEB plan, at December 31, 2024 and 2023, the annual rates of increase in the per capita cost of covered postretirement health care benefits assumed for the next calendar year are 7.00 percent and 6.75 percent, respectively, for benefits payable to both retirees prior to Medicare eligibility as well as Medicare eligible retirees. The rates are assumed to change gradually to 5.00 percent by 2033 for measurement at December 31, 2024 and remain at that level thereafter. The annual rates of increase in the per capita cost of covered postretirement health benefits do not apply to retirees whose postretirement health care benefits are provided through an exchange.
Net Periodic Benefit Cost

The following table provides the components of the net periodic benefit cost (credit) for the years ended December 31.
 Pension Benefits  
 U.S. PlansU.K. PlanOPEB
 202420232022202420232022202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Service Cost$9.2 $9.2 $7.7 $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Interest Cost82.9 87.9 67.2 7.6 7.7 5.0 4.0 4.5 3.0 
Expected Return on Plan Assets(91.3)(92.0)(105.9)(8.4)(8.5)(10.9)(0.4)(0.5)(0.5)
Amortization of:
   Net Actuarial Loss (Gain)14.6 15.2 16.3 2.9 2.5 0.4 (1.1)(10.5)(1.0)
   Prior Service Cost (Credit)
0.1 — — — — — (0.2)(0.2)(0.2)
Total Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit)$15.5 $20.3 $(14.7)$2.1 $1.7 $(5.5)$2.3 $(6.7)$1.3 

The service cost component of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit cost (credit) is included as a component of compensation expense in our consolidated statements of income. All other components of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit cost (credit) are included in other expenses.

Benefit Payments

The following table provides expected benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate.
 U.S. PlansU.K. PlanOPEB
 (in millions of dollars)
Year
Pension Benefits
GrossSubsidy PaymentsNet
2025$87.7 $5.9 $8.8 $— $8.8 
202691.9 6.1 8.4 — 8.4 
202795.8 6.2 8.0 — 8.0 
202899.2 6.4 7.6 — 7.6 
2029102.2 6.6 7.2 — 7.2 
2030-2034545.1 35.3 30.2 0.1 30.1 

Funding Policy

The funding policy for our U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan is to contribute an amount at least equal to the minimum contributions required under ERISA and other applicable laws, but generally not greater than the maximum amount that can be deducted for federal income tax purposes. During, 2024, we had no regulatory contribution requirements for our U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan and made no voluntary contributions. We do not expect to have regulatory contribution requirements for our U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan in 2025, but we reserve the right to make voluntary contributions during 2025. The funding policy for our U.S. non-qualified defined benefit pension plan, which is not subject to ERISA, is to contribute the amount necessary to satisfy the liabilities of the plan as they come due to participants. We expect to make contributions to the U.S. non-qualified defined benefit pension plan of approximately $10 million to fund the benefit payments in 2025.
During, 2024, we had no regulatory contribution requirements for our U.K. defined benefit pension plan and made no voluntary contributions. We do not expect to have regulatory contribution requirements for our U.K. defined benefit pension plan in 2025, but we reserve the right to make voluntary contributions during 2025.

Our OPEB plan represents a non-vested, non-guaranteed obligation, and current regulations do not require specific funding levels for these benefits, which are comprised of retiree life, medical, and dental benefits. It is our practice to use general assets to pay medical and dental claims as they come due in lieu of utilizing plan assets for the medical and dental benefit portions of our OPEB plan.

Defined Contribution Plans

We offer a 401(k) plan to all eligible U.S. employees under which a portion of employee contributions is matched. We match dollar-for-dollar up to 5.0 percent of base salary and any recognized sales and performance-based incentive compensation for employee contributions into the plan. We also make an additional non-elective contribution of 4.5 percent of earnings for all eligible employees. The 401(k) plan remains in compliance with ERISA guidelines and continues to qualify for a “safe harbor” from most annual discrimination testing.

We also offer a defined contribution plan to all eligible U.K. employees and offer related employer contributions. If an employee elects to make a minimum contribution of at least 1.0 percent of their base salary, we match with a contribution of 8.0 percent. We increase our contribution to a maximum of 12.0 percent as the employee increases their contribution from 1.0 percent to 5.0 percent. We do not increase our contribution percentage on employee contributions in excess of 5.0 percent.

During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, we recognized costs of $81.6 million, $74.3 million, and $70.9 million, respectively, for our U.S. defined contribution plan. We recognized costs of $6.6 million, $5.7 million, and $4.9 million in 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively, for our U.K. defined contribution plan.
v3.25.0.1
Stockholders' Equity and Earnings Per Common Share
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Stockholders' Equity and Earnings Per Common Share [Abstract]  
Earnings Per Share Disclosure
Earnings Per Common Share

Net income per common share is determined as follows:

 Year Ended December 31
 202420232022
 (in millions of dollars, except share data)
Numerator
Net Income$1,779.1 $1,283.8 $1,407.2 
Denominator (000s)
Weighted Average Common Shares - Basic187,497.7 196,659.7 200,647.2 
Dilution for Assumed Exercises of Nonvested Stock Awards571.5 942.3 1,462.2 
Weighted Average Common Shares - Assuming Dilution188,069.2 197,602.0 202,109.4 
Net Income Per Common Share
Basic$9.49 $6.53 $7.01 
Assuming Dilution$9.46 $6.50 $6.96 

We compute basic earnings per share by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. In computing earnings per share assuming dilution, we include potential common shares that are dilutive (those that reduce earnings per share). We use the treasury stock method to account for the effect of nonvested stock success units and
nonvested restricted stock units on the computation of diluted earnings per share. Under this method, the potential common shares from nonvested stock success units and nonvested restricted stock units will each have a dilutive effect, as individually measured, when the average market price of Unum Group common stock during the period exceeds the grant price of the nonvested stock success units and nonvested restricted stock units. Potential common shares not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the impact would be antidilutive, approximated 0.1 million, 0.5 million, and 0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. See Note 13 for further discussion of our stock-based compensation plans.
Stockholders' Equity Disclosure
Common Stock

As part of our capital deployment strategy, we may repurchase shares of Unum Group's common stock, as authorized by our board of directors. The timing and amount of repurchase activity is based on market conditions and other considerations, including the level of available cash, alternative uses for cash, and our stock price.

Our board of directors has authorized the following repurchase programs:

February 2025 Authorization
July 2024 Authorization1
October 2023 Authorization2
December 2022 Authorization3
October 2021 Authorization
(in millions)
Effective Date
April 1, 2025August 1, 2024January 1, 2024January 1, 2023October 25, 2021
Expiration Date
NoneMarch 31, 2025July 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Authorized Repurchase Amount
$1,000.0 $1,000.0 $500.0 $250.0 $250.0 
Cost of Shares Repurchased Under Repurchase Program
— 506.8 464.2 250.0 250.0 
Unused and Expired
— — 35.8 — — 
Remaining Repurchase Amount at December 31, 2024
Not yet effective
$493.2 $— $— $— 
1Concurrent with the announcement of the February 2025 repurchase program, we also announced the termination of the July 2024 program as of March 31, 2025, and any unused amounts under that program will expire as of that date.
2Concurrent with the announcement of the July 2024 repurchase program, we also announced the termination of the October 2023 program as of July 31, 2024, and all unused amounts under that program expired as of that date.
3In February 2023, the December 2022 program was modified to increase the authorized repurchase amount from $200.0 million to $250.0 million.

In August 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act was signed into law in the U.S. and imposed a one percent excise tax on corporate stock repurchases effective January 1, 2023. This excise tax is recorded as part of the cost basis of treasury stock and is assessed on the fair market value of stock repurchases reduced by the fair market value of any shares issued during the period.
Common stock repurchases, which are accounted for using the cost method and classified as treasury stock until otherwise retired, were as follows:
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions)
Shares Repurchased15.7 5.7 5.7 
Cost of Shares Repurchased1
$979.3 $252.0 $200.1 

1 Includes $80.3 million related to shares which settled in February 2025 in connection with the November 2024 accelerated share repurchase agreement (ASR), a de minimis amount of commissions for the year ended December 31, 2024, and $0.1 million of commissions for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Also includes $8.3 million and $1.9 million of excise tax for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There were no excise taxes during the year ended December 31, 2022.

As a part of our share repurchase program, we periodically enter into ASRs. Under the terms of these agreements, we make a prepayment to a financial counterparty for which we receive an initial delivery of approximately 75 percent of the total Unum Group common stock to be delivered under the agreement. We simultaneously enter into a forward contract indexed to the price of Unum Group common stock, which subjects the transactions to a future price adjustment. Under the terms of the agreements, we are to receive, or be required to pay, a price adjustment based on the volume weighted average price of Unum Group common stock during the term of the agreement, less a discount. Any price adjustment payable to us is settled in shares of Unum Group common stock. Any price adjustment we would be required to pay may be settled in either cash or common stock at our option. Details of our ASRs are as follows:

Prepayment DatePrepayment AmountInitial Share DeliveryForward Contract Settlement DateShares Delivered to Settle Forward Contract
(in millions)
November 2024
$321.03.8
February 20251
0.7
October 2024$150.01.9
December 2024
0.3
July 2024
$150.02.2
September 2024
0.6
April 2024$125.01.7June 20240.7
January 2024$100.01.6March 20240.5
July 2023$50.00.8September 20230.2
February 2022
$50.01.3
April 2022
0.4
1The final price adjustment settlement, along with the delivery of the remaining shares, occurred in February 2025, resulting in the delivery to us of 0.7 million additional shares. As a result of the final settlement occurring subsequent to December 31, 2024, we recorded a decrease to additional paid-in capital within stockholders' equity on our consolidated balance sheet for the value of the shares held back by the counterparty as of December 31, 2024, which was reclassified to treasury stock in the first quarter of 2025 in connection with the final settlement of the agreement.

In December 2023, we retired 115.0 million shares of our treasury stock with a total cost of $3,642.5 million.

Preferred Stock

Unum Group has 25.0 million shares of preferred stock authorized with a par value of $0.10 per share. No preferred stock has been issued to date.
v3.25.0.1
Stock-Based Compensation
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments
Description of Stock Plans

Under the 2022 Stock Incentive Plan (the 2022 Plan), up to 6.8 million shares of common stock are available for awards to our employees, officers, consultants, and directors.  Awards may be in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance share units, and other stock-based awards.  Each award, under the 2022 plan is counted as 1.00 share. The exercise price for stock options issued cannot be less than the fair value of the underlying common stock as of the grant date. The maximum term of each stock option or stock appreciation right is ten years after the date of grant.  At December 31, 2024, approximately 5.0 million shares were available for future grants under the 2022 Plan.

Under the Stock Incentive Plan of 2017 (the 2017 Plan), which was terminated in May 2022 for the purposes of any further grants, up to 17.0 million shares of common stock were available for awards to our employees, officers, consultants, and directors. Awards could be in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance share units, and other stock-based awards. Each full-value award under the 2017 plan, defined as any award other than a stock option or stock appreciation right, were counted as 1.76 shares. Awards granted before the termination of the 2017 Plan remain outstanding in accordance with the plan's terms. Any shares subject to an outstanding award under the 2017 Plan that, after March 15, 2022, is not issued because the award is forfeited, terminates, expires or lapses without being exercised (as applicable), or is settled for cash, becomes available for issuance under the 2022 Plan. Stock options had a term of eight years after the date of grant and fully vested after three years.

We issue new shares of common stock for all of our stock plan vestings and exercises.

Stock Success Units (SSUs)
SSUs are classified as equity. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were 86 thousand and 105 thousand shares of SSUs outstanding, respectively, with a weighted average grant date fair value of $18.78 per share. There were no issuances of SSUs during 2024, 2023, or 2022. During 2024, 19 thousand shares of SSUs were forfeited. SSUs vest over a six year period, beginning at the date of grant. One-third of the SSUs are eligible for accelerated vesting on a cumulative basis at the end of each of the one-, three-, and five-year service periods that began on January 1, 2021, if certain performance goals are achieved. Forfeitable dividends on SSUs are accrued in the form of cash. Compensation cost for SSUs subject to accelerated vesting due to the achievement of certain performance conditions at the end of the one-, three-, and five-year service periods is recognized over the implicit service period.

No SSUs vested during 2024 or 2022. The total fair value of SSUs that vested during 2023 was $1.9 million. At December 31, 2024, we had $0.3 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to SSUs that will be recognized over a remaining weighted average period of 0.5 years.

Performance Share Units (PSUs)
PSUs are classified as equity. There were no new tranches of PSUs issued during 2024, 2023, or 2022. Vesting for the PSUs occurred at the end of a three-year period and was contingent upon our achievement of prospective company performance goals and our total shareholder return relative to a board-approved peer group during the three-year period. Actual performance, including modification for relative total shareholder return, could have resulted in the ultimate award of 40 percent to 180 percent of the initial number of PSUs issued, with the potential for no award if company performance goals had not been achieved during the three-year period. Forfeitable dividend equivalents on PSUs were accrued as cash.

PSU shares represent aggregate initial target awards and accrued dividend equivalents and do not reflect potential increases or decreases resulting from the application of the performance factor determined after the end of the performance periods. At December 31, 2022, the three-year performance period for the 2020 PSU grant was completed and the related shares vested, but the performance factor had not yet been applied. The performance factor, which exceeded 100 percent, was applied during the first quarter of 2023 and resulted in the granting and vesting of an additional 245 thousand shares. We had no outstanding PSUs at December 31, 2024, 2023, or 2022 and there were no PSUs forfeited during 2024.
No PSUs vested during 2024 and the total fair value of PSUs vested during 2023 and 2022 was $5.8 million and $4.2 million, respectively. At December 31, 2024, we had no unrecognized compensation cost related to PSUs as there are no remaining PSUs outstanding. The estimated compensation expense was adjusted for actual performance experience and was recognized ratably during the service period when it became probable that the performance conditions would be satisfied. Compensation cost for PSUs subject to accelerated vesting at the date of retirement eligibility was recognized over the implicit service period.

The fair value of PSUs is estimated on the date of initial grant using the Monte-Carlo simulation model. Key assumptions used to value PSUs granted during 2020 are as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2020
Expected Volatility (based on our and our peer group historical daily stock prices)23 %
Expected Life (equals the performance period)3 years
Risk Free Interest Rate (based on U.S. Treasury yields at the date of grant)0.85 %

Cash Incentive Units (CIUs)

CIUs are denominated and settled in cash, with each unit representing the right to receive one dollar. Vesting for the CIUs occurs at the end of a three-year period and is based upon prospective company performance measures and our total shareholder return relative to a board-approved peer group during the three-year period. We issued 9.5 million, 9.0 million, and 8.0 million CIUs during 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. However, actual performance, including the modification for relative total shareholder return, may result in an award of up to 200 percent of the initial number of CIUs issued.

Activity for CIUs, which are classified as a liability, is as follows:
Units
(000s)
Outstanding at December 31, 2023
17,028 
Granted
16,187 
Vested(13,442)
Forfeited(3,318)
Outstanding at December 31, 2024
16,455 

At December 31, 2024, the three-year performance period for the 2022 CIU grant was completed and the related shares vested, but the performance factor had not yet been applied. The performance factor will be applied during the first quarter of 2025, with payments of awards at that time. Granted and vested amounts in the preceding table also include an adjustment to reflect the application of the performance factor to the 2021 CIU grant, which occurred during the first quarter of 2024.

At December 31, 2024 and 2023 the liability for CIUs was $36.2 million and $37.7 million, respectively. CIU payments made during 2024 totaled $13.9 million There were no CIU payments made during 2023 and 2022. At December 31, 2024, we had approximately $1.1 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to CIUs that will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.7 years. The estimated compensation expense is adjusted for actual performance experience and is recognized ratably during the service period, or remaining service period, if and when it becomes probable that the performance conditions will be satisfied. Compensation cost for CIUs subject to accelerated vesting at the date of retirement eligibility is recognized over the implicit service period.
The fair value of CIUs is estimated at each reporting period using the Monte-Carlo simulation model. Key assumptions used to value CIUs granted are as follows:
Assumptions as of the Year Ended December 31, 2024
2024 Grant2023 Grant
Expected Volatility (based on our and our peer group historical daily stock prices)30 %30 %
Expected Life (equals the performance period)2 years1 year
Risk Free Interest Rate (based on U.S. Treasury yields at the date of grant)4.25 %4.19 %

Assumptions as of the Year Ended December 31, 2023
2023 Grant2022 Grant
Expected Volatility (based on our and our peer group historical daily stock prices)30 %27 %
Expected Life (equals the performance period)2 years1 year
Risk Free Interest Rate (based on U.S. Treasury yields at the date of grant)4.26 %4.75 %

Assumptions as of the Year Ended December 31, 2022
2022 Grant2021 Grant
Expected Volatility (based on our and our peer group historical daily stock prices)30 %33 %
Expected Life (equals the performance period)2 years1 year
Risk Free Interest Rate (based on U.S. Treasury yields at the date of grant)4.26 %4.60 %

Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)

RSUs vest over a one to three-year service period, beginning at the date of grant, and the compensation cost is recognized ratably during the vesting period.  Forfeitable dividend equivalents on RSUs are accrued as cash. Compensation cost for RSUs subject to accelerated vesting at the date of retirement eligibility is recognized over the implicit service period.

Activity for RSUs, which are classified as equity, is as follows:
Weighted Average
SharesGrant Date
(000s)Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 20231,213 $35.51 
Granted825 49.57 
Vested(906)37.88 
Forfeited(145)40.71 
Outstanding at December 31, 2024987 44.31 

During 2024, 2023, and 2022, we issued RSUs with a weighted average grant date fair value per share of $49.57, $45.56, and $28.21, respectively. 

The total fair value of shares vested during 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $34.8 million, $49.9 million, and $28.0 million, respectively. At December 31, 2024, we had $26.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to RSUs that will be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.9 years.
Cash-Settled RSUs

Cash-settled RSUs vested over a one to three-year service period, beginning at the date of grant, and the compensation cost was recognized ratably during the vesting period. Forfeitable dividends on cash-settled RSUs were accrued in the form of cash. Compensation cost for cash-settled RSUs subject to accelerated vesting at the date of retirement eligibility was recognized over the implicit service period.
There were no issuances of cash-settled RSUs during 2024, 2023, and 2022.

The amount payable per unit awarded is equal to the price per share of Unum Group's common stock at settlement of the award, and as such, we measured the value of the award each reporting period based on the current stock price. The effects of changes in the stock price during the service period were recognized as compensation cost over the service period. Changes in the amount of the liability due to stock price changes after the service period were recognized as compensation cost during the period in which the changes occurred. There was no remaining liability for cash-settled RSUs at December 31, 2024 and 2023. There were no cash-settled RSU payments during 2024. Cash-settled RSU payments made during 2023 and 2022 were $1.1 million and $0.6 million, respectively. At December 31, 2024, we had no unrecognized compensation cost related to cash-settled RSUs as there are no remaining cash-settled RSUs outstanding.

Expense

Compensation expense for the stock based plans, as reported in our consolidated statements of income, is as follows:
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Performance Share Units$— $0.3 $5.7 
Cash Incentive Units12.4 21.7 12.8 
Restricted Stock Units and Cash-Settled Restricted Stock Units34.5 40.6 32.7 
Stock Success Units0.1 0.9 0.9 
Other0.8 0.6 0.6 
Total Compensation Expense, Before Income Tax$47.8 $64.1 $52.7 
Total Compensation Expense, Net of Income Tax$41.6 $57.5 $47.3 
Cash received under all share-based payment arrangements for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $6.0 million, $5.2 million, and $4.2 million, respectively.
v3.25.0.1
Reinsurance
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Reinsurance Disclosures [Abstract]  
Reinsurance
Reinsurance activity related to our premium income, policy benefits, and policy benefits remeasurement gain are as follows:
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Direct Premium Income$10,732.1 $10,286.8 $9,893.6 
Reinsurance Assumed69.8 80.4 78.7 
Reinsurance Ceded(304.5)(321.2)(355.8)
Net Premium Income$10,497.4 $10,046.0 $9,616.5 
Direct Policy Benefits
$8,027.9 $8,001.8 $8,205.3 
Reinsurance Assumed
152.5 138.7 135.1 
Reinsurance Ceded
(700.2)(828.6)(798.3)
Net Policy Benefits
$7,480.2 $7,311.9 $7,542.1 
Direct Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Gain
$(546.8)$(49.2)$(372.5)
Reinsurance Assumed
2.2 (0.1)36.4 
Reinsurance Ceded
(17.7)(5.5)(211.4)
Net Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Gain
$(562.3)$(54.8)$(547.5)

We exited a substantial portion of our Closed Block individual disability product line through two phases of a coinsurance and modified coinsurance reinsurance transaction with Commonwealth Annuity and Life Insurance Company (Commonwealth) that were executed in December 2020 and March 2021. In addition, we also entered into an agreement with Commonwealth whereby we will provide a 12-year volatility cover to Commonwealth for the active life cohort (ALR cohort) ceded as a part of the reinsurance transaction described above. At the end of the 12-year coverage period, Commonwealth will retain the risk for the remaining incidence and claims risk on the ALR cohort of the ceded business. Due to the nature of the volatility cover, the ALR cohort is accounted for under the deposit method on a GAAP basis. Reserves ceded to Commonwealth were $4,698.4 million and $5,143.4 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The deposit asset as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $282.3 million and $296.5 million, respectively. The unamortized cost of reinsurance related to the reinsurance transaction with Commonwealth was $508.1 million and $549.5 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We amortized the cost of reinsurance related to this transaction of $41.4 million, $44.1 million, and $50.3 million in 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

As of December 31, 2024, Commonwealth accounted for 56 percent of the total reinsurance recoverable and the majority of our total cost of reinsurance. Commonwealth has an A rating by A.M. Best Company (AM Best) and has also established collateralized trust accounts for our benefit to secure its obligations. In addition, nine other major companies, which account for approximately 39 percent of our reinsurance recoverable, are also rated A or better by either AM Best or Standard & Poor's Ratings Services (S&P), or are fully securitized by letters of credit or investment-grade fixed maturity securities held in trust. Approximately 4 percent of our reinsurance recoverable is primarily related to business reinsured with other companies also rated A- or better by AM Best or S&P, with overseas entities with equivalent ratings, or backed by letters of credit or trust agreements, or through reinsurance arrangements wherein we retain the assets in our general account. Less than one percent of our reinsurance recoverable is held by companies either rated below A- by AM Best or S&P, or not rated.
Subsequent Events
Closed Block Long-Term Care and Unum US Individual Disability Reinsurance Transaction

On February 26, 2025, Unum America entered into a master transaction agreement with Fortitude Reinsurance Company Ltd. (Fortitude Re) which, subject to receipt of regulatory approvals and the satisfaction or waiver of other customary closing conditions, is expected to result in the execution of a coinsurance agreement (anticipated reinsurance agreement) during 2025.
This anticipated reinsurance agreement is to reinsure a portion of our Closed Block long-term care insurance business and a portion of our Unum US individual disability business on a coinsurance basis to Fortitude Re. The anticipated reinsurance agreement represents approximately 21 percent of total Closed Block long-term care future policy benefits and approximately 15 percent of Unum US individual disability future policy benefits as of December 31, 2024. The transaction is expected to result in approximately $430 million pre-tax ceding commission paid to Fortitude Re. Fortitude Re will establish and maintain a collateralized trust account for the benefit of Unum America to secure its obligations under the anticipated reinsurance agreement.

Immediately prior to entering into the anticipated reinsurance agreement with Fortitude Re, Unum America will recapture the aforementioned Closed Block long-term care business from Fairwind Reinsurance Company (Fairwind), an affiliated captive reinsurer, and assume the aforementioned Unum US individual disability business from Provident, an affiliate.
v3.25.0.1
Segment Information
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Information
We have three principal operating segments: Unum US, Unum International, and Colonial Life. Our other operating segments are Closed Block and Corporate.

The Unum US segment is comprised of group disability, group life and accidental death and dismemberment, and supplemental and voluntary lines of business. The group disability line of business includes long-term and short-term disability, medical stop-loss, and fee-based service products. The supplemental and voluntary line of business includes voluntary benefits, individual disability, and dental and vision products. These products, excluding medical stop-loss which is no longer actively marketed as of the third quarter of 2024, are marketed through our field sales personnel who work in conjunction with independent brokers and consultants.

The Unum International segment is comprised of our operations in both the United Kingdom and Poland. Our Unum UK products include insurance for group long-term disability, group life, and supplemental lines of business which include dental, critical illness, and individual disability products. Our Unum Poland products include insurance for individual and group life with accident and health riders. Unum International's products are sold primarily through field sales personnel and independent brokers and consultants.

The Colonial Life segment includes insurance for accident, sickness, and disability products, which includes dental and vision products, life products, and cancer and critical illness. These products are marketed to employees, on both a group and an individual basis, at the workplace through an independent contractor agent sales force and brokers.

The Closed Block segment consists of group and individual long-term care, and other insurance products no longer actively marketed. We discontinued offering individual long-term care in 2009 and group long-term care in 2012. Other insurance products include individual disability, group pension, individual life and corporate-owned life insurance, reinsurance pools and management operations, and other miscellaneous product lines.

The Corporate segment includes investment income on corporate assets not specifically allocated to a line of business, interest expense on corporate debt, and certain other corporate income and expenses not allocated to a line of business.

Premium income is primarily derived from sources in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Poland. There are no material revenues or assets attributable to foreign operations other than those reported in our Unum International segment.

Our Chief Executive Officer is the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM). Our CODM evaluates the performance of our segments on the basis of "adjusted operating revenue" and "adjusted operating income" or "adjusted operating loss". The significant expense categories and amounts included within "adjusted operating income" or "adjusted operating loss" align with the segment level information that is regularly provided to the CODM. We believe adjusted operating revenue and adjusted operating income or loss are better performance measures and better indicators of the revenue and profitability and underlying trends in our business. As such, the CODM uses these performance measures to evaluate profitability, assist in resourcing decisions, and monitor budgeted versus actual results. These performance measures are in accordance with GAAP guidance for
segment reporting, but they should not be viewed as a substitute for total revenue, income before income tax, net income, or net loss.
Segment information is shown below.

Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Premium Income
Unum US
Group Disability
Group Long-term Disability$2,086.1 $2,057.2 $1,911.7 
Group Short-term Disability1,084.0 1,012.3 926.3 
Group Life and Accidental Death & Dismemberment
Group Life1,784.7 1,679.0 1,669.1 
Accidental Death & Dismemberment186.1 175.5 173.7 
Supplemental and Voluntary
Voluntary Benefits879.2 850.1 833.7 
Individual Disability566.0 527.0 461.1 
Dental and Vision297.1 278.1 275.8 
6,883.2 6,579.2 6,251.4 
Unum International
Unum UK
Group Long-term Disability418.0 396.1 376.9 
Group Life211.3 169.3 138.2 
Supplemental165.6 141.5 114.0 
Unum Poland154.6 118.3 89.7 
949.5 825.2 718.8 
Colonial Life
Accident, Sickness, and Disability969.5 946.1 948.9 
Life458.0 426.5 401.1 
Cancer and Critical Illness356.4 353.5 352.0 
1,783.9 1,726.1 1,702.0 
Closed Block
Long-term Care696.1 696.0 697.4 
All Other184.7 219.5 246.9 
880.8 915.5 944.3 
Total Premium Income$10,497.4 $10,046.0 $9,616.5 
Year Ended December 31, 2024
Unum USUnum InternationalColonial LifeClosed BlockCorporateTotal
(in millions of dollars)
Premium Income$6,883.2 $949.5 $1,783.9 $880.8 $— $10,497.4 
Net Investment Income632.2 128.8 161.5 1,148.9 58.6 2,130.0 
Other Income235.9 1.6 4.0 51.7 1.3 294.5 
Adjusted Operating Revenue$7,751.3 $1,079.9 $1,949.4 $2,081.4 $59.9 $12,921.9 
Adjusted Policy Benefits1
$4,246.5 $693.6 $885.4 $1,629.6 $— $7,455.1 
Adjusted Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Loss (Gain)2
(238.2)(44.4)(34.7)112.4 — (204.9)
Commissions729.3 82.5 378.4 68.4 — 1,258.6 
Interest and Debt Expense— — — — 201.1 201.1 
Deferral of Acquisition Costs
(320.9)(17.8)(312.8)— — (651.5)
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs292.5 9.5 219.0 — — 521.0 
Other Segment Items3
1,602.9 198.7 347.4 133.2 50.0 2,332.2 
Adjusted Benefits and Expenses
$6,312.1 $922.1 $1,482.7 $1,943.6 $251.1 $10,911.6 
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)$1,439.2 $157.8 $466.7 $137.8 $(191.2)$2,010.3 
1Excludes the impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance in the Closed Block segment.
2Excludes the reserve assumption updates for each reportable segment, except for the Corporate segment, that occurred during the third quarter.
3Excludes the amortization of the cost of reinsurance in the Closed Block segment and the loss on legal settlement in the Corporate segment. For each reportable segment, other segment items includes compensation, other personnel expenses, taxes, licenses and fees, depreciation, intangible asset amortization and other expenses. Depreciation and intangible asset amortization during 2024 was $85.0 million, $17.9 million, $15.1 million, $5.4 million, and $0.1 million for our Unum US, Unum International, Colonial Life, Closed Block and Corporate segments, respectively.
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Unum USUnum InternationalColonial LifeClosed BlockCorporateTotal
(in millions of dollars)
Premium Income$6,579.2 $825.2 $1,726.1 $915.5 $— $10,046.0 
Net Investment Income639.9 137.2 153.5 1,066.3 99.8 2,096.7 
Other Income220.5 1.6 1.2 52.6 3.3 279.2 
Adjusted Operating Revenue$7,439.6 $964.0 $1,880.8 $2,034.4 $103.1 $12,421.9 
Adjusted Policy Benefits1
$4,221.2 $581.4 $877.1 $1,597.4 $— $7,277.1 
Adjusted Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Loss (Gain)2
(283.9)(19.5)1.7 69.7 — (232.0)
Commissions664.4 72.5 359.4 73.8 — 1,170.1 
Interest and Debt Expense— — — — 194.8 194.8 
Deferral of Acquisition Costs(314.7)(14.6)(302.9)— — (632.2)
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs267.6 8.4 205.4 — — 481.4 
Other Segment Items3
1,529.5 177.7 340.0 128.6 54.7 2,230.5 
Adjusted Benefits and Expenses
$6,084.1 $805.9 $1,480.7 $1,869.5 $249.5 $10,489.7 
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)$1,355.5 $158.1 $400.1 $164.9 $(146.4)$1,932.2 
1Excludes the impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance in the Closed Block segment.
2Excludes the reserve assumption updates for each reportable segment, except for the Corporate segment, that occurred during the third quarter.
3Excludes the amortization of the cost of reinsurance in the Closed Block segment. For each reportable segment, other segment items includes compensation, other personnel expenses, taxes, licenses and fees, depreciation, intangible asset amortization and other expenses. Depreciation and intangible asset amortization during 2023 was $76.3 million, $14.6 million, $13.6 million, $5.2 million and $0.6 million for our Unum US, Unum International, Colonial Life, Closed Block and Corporate segments, respectively.
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Unum USUnum InternationalColonial LifeClosed BlockCorporateTotal
(in millions of dollars)
Premium Income$6,251.4 $718.8 $1,702.0 $944.3 $— $9,616.5 
Net Investment Income676.3 170.1 152.7 1,070.6 52.5 2,122.2 
Other Income196.3 0.9 1.1 58.0 4.8 261.1 
Adjusted Operating Revenue$7,124.0 $889.8 $1,855.8 $2,072.9 $57.3 $11,999.8 
Adjusted Policy Benefits1
$4,429.6 $521.6 $926.6 $1,620.5 $— $7,498.3 
Adjusted Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Loss (Gain)2
(287.9)35.6 (45.3)2.8 — (294.8)
Commissions614.4 56.3 340.0 75.7 — 1,086.4 
Interest and Debt Expense— — — — 192.7 192.7 
Deferral of Acquisition Costs(273.1)(12.0)(271.8)— — (556.9)
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs240.9 8.2 172.0 — — 421.1 
Other Segment Items3
1,427.5 146.1 321.4 122.0 28.9 2,045.9 
Adjusted Benefits and Expenses
$6,151.4 $755.8 $1,442.9 $1,821.0 $221.6 $10,392.7 
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)
$972.6 $134.0 $412.9 $251.9 $(164.3)$1,607.1 
1Excludes the impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance in the Closed Block segment.
2Excludes the reserve assumption updates for each reportable segment, except for the Corporate segment, that occurred during the third quarter and the impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance in the Closed Block segment.
3Excludes the amortization of the cost of reinsurance in the Closed Block segment. For each reportable segment, other segment items includes compensation, other personnel expenses, taxes, licenses and fees, depreciation, intangible asset amortization and other expenses. Depreciation and intangible asset amortization during 2022 was $75.7 million, $14.4 million, $15.0 million, $4.7 million, and $0.6 million for our Unum US, Unum International, Colonial Life, Closed Block and Corporate segments, respectively.

December 31
20242023
(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Unum US$14,981.6 $15,561.1 
Unum International3,291.3 3,372.9 
Colonial Life4,964.2 4,830.4 
Closed Block33,376.0 35,272.8 
Corporate5,346.2 4,218.0 
Total Assets$61,959.3 $63,255.2 

We report goodwill in our Unum US, Unum International, and Colonial Life segments, which are the segments expected to benefit from the originating business combinations. At December 31, 2024 and 2023 goodwill was $349.1 million and $349.9 million, respectively, with $280.0 million attributable to Unum US in each year, $41.4 million and $42.2 million, respectively, attributable to Unum International, and $27.7 million attributable to Colonial Life in each year.
We measure and analyze our segment performance on the basis of "adjusted operating revenue" and "adjusted operating income" or "adjusted operating loss", which differ from total revenue and income before income tax as presented in our consolidated statements of income due to the exclusion of investment gains or losses, the amortization of the cost of reinsurance, the impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance, and reserve assumption updates as well as certain other items as specified in the reconciliations below. We believe adjusted operating revenue and adjusted operating income or loss are better performance measures and better indicators of the revenue and profitability and underlying trends in our business. These performance measures are in accordance with GAAP guidance for segment reporting, but they should not be viewed as a substitute for total revenue, income before income tax, net income, or net loss.

Investment gains or losses primarily include realized investment gains or losses, expected investment credit losses, and gains or losses on derivatives. Investment gains or losses depend on market conditions and do not necessarily relate to decisions regarding the underlying business of our segments. Our investment focus is on investment income to support our insurance liabilities as opposed to the generation of investment gains or losses. Although we may experience investment gains or losses which will affect future earnings levels, a long-term focus is necessary to maintain profitability over the life of the business since our underlying business is long-term in nature, and we need to earn the interest rates assumed in calculating our liabilities.

We exited a substantial portion of our Closed Block individual disability product line through the two phases of the reinsurance transaction that were executed in December 2020 and March 2021. As a result, we exclude the amortization of the cost of reinsurance that we recognized upon the exit of the business related to the policies on claim status as well as the impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance that resulted from the adoption of ASU 2018-12. We believe that the exclusion of these items provides a better view of our results from our ongoing businesses.

During the third quarter of 2024, we incurred a loss of $15.3 million within our Corporate segment for the settlement of an employment-related matter. $4.9 million of the loss is recorded within compensation expense and $10.4 million of the loss is recorded within other expenses within the consolidated statements of income.

Cash flow assumptions used to calculate our liability for future policy benefits are reviewed at least annually and updated, as needed, with the resulting impact reflected in net income. While the effects of these assumption updates are recorded in the reporting period in which the review is completed, these updates reflect experience emergence and changes to expectations spanning multiple periods. We believe that by excluding the impact of reserve assumption updates we are providing a more comparable and consistent view of our quarterly results.

We may at other times exclude certain other items from our discussion of financial ratios and metrics in order to enhance the understanding and comparability of our operational performance and the underlying fundamentals, but this exclusion is not an indication that similar items may not recur and does not replace net income or net loss as a measure of our overall profitability.

See above and Notes 3, 6, and 14 for further discussion regarding the items specified in the reconciliation below.
A reconciliation of total revenue to "adjusted operating revenue" and income before income tax to "adjusted operating income" is as follows:
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Total Revenue$12,887.3 $12,385.9 $11,984.1 
Excluding:
Net Investment Loss(34.6)(36.0)(15.7)
Adjusted Operating Revenue$12,921.9 $12,421.9 $11,999.8 
Income Before Income Tax$2,251.3 $1,640.1 $1,750.0 
Excluding:
Net Investment Loss(34.6)(36.0)(15.7)
Amortization of the Cost of Reinsurance(41.4)(44.1)(50.3)
Non-Contemporaneous Reinsurance
(25.1)(34.8)(34.4)
Reserve Assumption Updates357.4 (177.2)243.3 
Loss on Legal Settlement(15.3)— — 
Adjusted Operating Income$2,010.3 $1,932.2 $1,607.1 
v3.25.0.1
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure
Commitments

See Notes 2 and 3 for further discussion on certain of our investment commitments.

Contingent Liabilities
 
We are a defendant in a number of litigation matters that have arisen in the normal course of business, including the matters discussed below. Further, state insurance regulatory authorities and other federal and state authorities regularly make inquiries and conduct investigations concerning our compliance with applicable insurance and other laws and regulations. Given the complexity and scope of our litigation and regulatory matters, it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of all pending investigations or legal proceedings or provide reasonable estimates of potential losses, except if noted in connection with specific matters.

In some of these matters, no specified amount is sought. In others, very large or indeterminate amounts, including punitive and treble damages, are asserted. There is a wide variation of pleading practice permitted in the United States courts with respect to requests for monetary damages, including some courts in which no specified amount is required and others which allow the plaintiff to state only that the amount sought is sufficient to invoke the jurisdiction of that court. Further, some jurisdictions permit plaintiffs to allege damages well in excess of reasonably possible verdicts. Based on our extensive experience and that of others in the industry with respect to litigating or resolving claims through settlement over an extended period of time, we believe that the monetary damages asserted in a lawsuit or claim bear little relation to the merits of the case, or the likely disposition value. Therefore, the specific monetary relief sought is not stated.
 
Unless indicated otherwise, reserves have not been established for litigation and contingencies. An estimated loss is accrued when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.
 
Claim Handling Matters
 
We and our insurance subsidiaries, in the ordinary course of our business, are engaged in claim litigation where disputes arise as a result of a denial or termination of benefits. Most typically these lawsuits are filed on behalf of a single claimant or policyholder, and in some of these individual actions punitive damages are sought, such as claims alleging bad faith in the handling of insurance claims. For our general claim litigation, we maintain reserves based on experience to satisfy judgments and settlements in the normal course. We expect that the ultimate liability, if any, with respect to general claim litigation, after consideration of the reserves maintained, will not be material to our consolidated financial condition. Nevertheless, given the inherent unpredictability of litigation, it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain claim litigation involving punitive damages could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations in a period, depending on the results of operations for the particular period.
 
From time to time class action allegations are pursued where the claimant or policyholder purports to represent a larger number of individuals who are similarly situated. Since each insurance claim is evaluated based on its own merits, there is rarely a single act or series of actions which can properly be addressed by a class action. Nevertheless, we monitor these cases closely and defend ourselves appropriately where these allegations are made.
v3.25.0.1
Leases
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]  
Lessee, Operating Leases
We lease certain buildings and equipment under various noncancellable operating lease agreements. In addition, we have sub-lease agreements on a limited number of our building lease agreements. We have the option to renew the majority of our building leases and equipment leases at the end of the lease term at the fair rental value at the time of renewal.

We do not have any lease agreements or sub-lease agreements that contain variable lease payments. In addition, we do not have lease agreements or sub-lease agreements that contain residual value guarantees or impose any financial restrictions or covenants with the lessors.
Operating lease information is as follows:
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Lease Cost
Operating Lease Cost$17.3 $16.4 $19.6 
Sublease Income(1.7)(1.5)(1.1)
Total Lease Cost$15.6 $14.9 $18.5 
Other Information
Cash Paid for Amounts Included in the Measurement of Lease Liabilities$20.7 $20.3 $23.1 
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term5 years5 years6 years
Weighted-Average Discount Rate5.19 %4.85 %4.32 %

As of December 31, 2024, aggregate undiscounted minimum lease payments and the reconciliation to our lease liability are as follows (in millions of dollars):

2025$17.4 
202615.9 
202713.6 
202812.4 
202911.1 
2030 and Thereafter11.1 
Total81.5 
Less Imputed Interest12.1 
Lease Liability$69.4 

The right-of-use asset was $45.1 million and $35.8 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
v3.25.0.1
Statutory Financial Information
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Statutory Financial Information [Abstract]  
Statutory Financial Information
Statutory Net Income, Capital and Surplus, and Dividends

Statutory net income for U.S. life insurance companies is reported in conformity with statutory accounting principles prescribed by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) and adopted by applicable domiciliary state laws. The commissioners of the states of domicile have the right to permit other specific practices that may deviate from prescribed practices. In connection with a financial examination of Unum America, which closed at the end of the second quarter of 2020, the Maine Bureau of Insurance (MBOI) concluded that Unum America’s long-term care statutory reserves were deficient by $2,100.0 million as of December 31, 2018, the financial statement date of the examination period. The amount reserves were deficient by changed over time based on changes in assumed reinvestment rates, policyholder inventories, premium rate increase activity, and the underlying growth in the locked in statutory reserve basis as well as updates to other long term actuarial assumptions. The MBOI granted permission to Unum America on May 1, 2020, to phase in the additional statutory reserves over seven years beginning with year-end 2020 and ending with year-end 2026.

The calculation of the premium deficiency reserve (PDR) reflects specific assumptions set by MBOI and has resulted in a significant margin above Unum America’s best estimate assumptions. As of December 31, 2022, the gross PDR was $2,851 million and Unum America recognized a cumulative gross PDR of $1,191 million, resulting in $1,660 million remaining to be recognized. As of December 31, 2023, the gross PDR was $1,604 million, which was fully recognized by Unum America. As a result, Unum America submitted a withdrawal request to the MBOI for the permitted practice, and the withdrawal request was approved effective December 31, 2024.

If the permitted practice was not granted by the MBOI to phase in these additional statutory reserves, the impact to the risk-based capital ratio would have triggered a regulatory event for the years under examination prior to the year ended December 31, 2023. Our other traditional U.S. life insurance subsidiaries have no prescribed or permitted statutory accounting practices that differ materially from statutory accounting principles prescribed by the NAIC.

Our long-term care reserves and financial results reported under generally accepted accounting principles were not affected by the MBOI’s examination conclusion.

Unum America cedes blocks of long-term care business to Fairwind, which is an affiliated captive reinsurance subsidiary (captive reinsurer) domiciled in the United States, with Unum Group as the ultimate parent. This captive reinsurer was established for the limited purpose of reinsuring risks attributable to specified policies issued or reinsured by Unum America.

Fairwind, which is domiciled in the state of Vermont, is required to follow GAAP in accordance with Vermont reporting requirements for pure captive insurance companies, unless the commissioner permits the use of some other basis of accounting. Fairwind has permission from Vermont to follow accounting practices that are generally consistent with current NAIC statutory accounting principles for its insurance reserves and invested assets supporting reserves. All other assets and liabilities are accounted for in accordance with GAAP, as prescribed by Vermont, which includes the full recognition of deferred tax assets which are more likely than not to be realized. Statutory accounting principles have a stricter limitation for the recognition of deferred tax assets. The impact of following the prescribed and permitted practices of Vermont rather than statutory accounting principles prescribed by the NAIC resulted in higher capital and surplus for Fairwind of approximately $334 million and $469 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The operating results and capital and surplus of our traditional U.S. life insurance subsidiaries and our captive reinsurer, prepared in accordance with prescribed or permitted accounting practices of the NAIC or states of domicile, are presented separately below.
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Combined Net Income (Loss)
Traditional U.S. Life Insurance Subsidiaries$1,322.4 $1,329.9 $965.4 
Captive Reinsurer
$662.2 $(318.3)$(432.2)
Combined Net Gain (Loss) from Operations, After Tax
Traditional U.S. Life Insurance Subsidiaries$1,337.0 $1,351.5 $965.4 
Captive Reinsurer
$660.3 $(279.4)$(428.6)

December 31
20242023
(in millions of dollars)
Combined Capital and Surplus
Traditional U.S. Life Insurance Subsidiaries$3,909.7 $3,751.3 
Captive Reinsurer
$1,931.6 $1,534.9 

U.K. Solvency II, the system of prudential regulation applying in the U.K., prescribes capital requirements and risk management standards for the U.K. insurance industry. As derived from the most recent annual financial statements for December 31, 2023, based on U.K. Solvency II requirements, regulatory net income and eligible own funds available of our U.K. insurance subsidiary, Unum Limited, were £45.7 million and £767.1 million, respectively.

Risk-based capital (RBC) standards for U.S. life insurance companies are prescribed by the NAIC. The domiciliary states of our U.S. insurance subsidiaries have all adopted a version of the RBC model formula of the NAIC, which prescribes a system for assessing the adequacy of statutory capital and surplus for all life and health insurers. The basis of the system is a risk-based formula that applies prescribed factors to the various risk elements in a life and health insurer's business to report a minimum capital requirement proportional to the amount of risk assumed by the insurer. The life and health RBC formula is designed to measure annually (i) the risk of loss from asset defaults and asset value fluctuations, (ii) the risk of loss from adverse mortality and morbidity experience, (iii) the risk of loss from mismatching of asset and liability cash flow due to changing interest rates, and (iv) business risks. The formula is used as an early warning tool to identify companies that are potentially inadequately capitalized. State insurance laws grant insurance regulators the authority to require various actions by, or take various actions against, insurers whose total adjusted capital does not meet or exceed certain RBC levels. The total adjusted capital of each of our U.S. insurance subsidiaries at December 31, 2024 is in excess of those RBC levels.

Restrictions under applicable state insurance laws limit the amount of dividends that can be paid to a parent company from its insurance subsidiaries in any 12-month period without prior approval by regulatory authorities. For life insurance companies domiciled in the U.S., that limitation generally equals, depending on the state of domicile, either ten percent of an insurer's statutory surplus with respect to policyholders as of the preceding year end or the statutory net gain from operations, excluding net realized capital gains and losses, of the preceding year. The payment of dividends to a parent company from a life insurance subsidiary is generally further limited to the amount of unassigned funds.

Based on the restrictions under current law, approximately $1,383 million is available, without prior approval by regulatory authorities, during 2025 for the payment of dividends to Unum Group from its traditional U.S. life insurance subsidiaries. The ability of our captive insurer to pay dividends to Unum Group will depend on the satisfaction of applicable regulatory requirements and on the performance of the business reinsured by Fairwind.
We also have the ability to receive dividends from our foreign subsidiaries, primarily in the U.K., for which the payment may be subject to applicable insurance company regulations and capital guidance. Approximately £140 million is considered distributable from Unum Limited during 2025, subject to local solvency standards and regulatory approval.

Deposits
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, our U.S. life insurance subsidiaries had on deposit with U.S. regulatory authorities securities with a book value of $119.3 million and $119.1 million, respectively, held for the protection of policyholders.
v3.25.0.1
Schedule I - Summary of Investments, Other Than Investments in Related Parties Schedule I - Summary of Investments, Other Than Investments in Related Parties
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Abstract]  
Summary of Investments, Other Than Investments in Related Parties
SCHEDULE I--SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS -
OTHER THAN INVESTMENTS IN RELATED PARTIES
as of December 31, 2024
Unum Group and Subsidiaries
Type of Investment
Cost or Amortized Cost (1)
Fair ValueAmount shown on the balance sheet
(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities:
   Bonds
      United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities$544.6 $530.5 $530.5 
      States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions3,795.6 3,291.4 3,291.4 
      Foreign Governments912.1 768.1 768.1 
      Public Utilities5,525.0 5,292.9 5,292.9 
      Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities(2)
949.4 917.2 917.2 
      All Other Corporate Bonds26,535.2 24,822.2 24,822.2 
   Redeemable Preferred Stocks8.0 7.6 7.6 
              Total Fixed Maturity Securities38,269.9 $35,629.9 35,629.9 
Mortgage Loans2,240.6 2,224.5 
Policy Loans3,617.2 3,617.2 
Other Long-term Investments
      Derivatives(3)
— 90.9 
      Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities(4)
20.5 24.5 
Private Equity Partnerships(4)
1,215.7 1,450.6 
      Miscellaneous Long-term Investments128.4 128.4 
Short-term Investments2,540.3 2,540.3 
Total Investments$48,032.6 $45,706.3 

(1)The amortized cost for fixed maturity securities and mortgage loans represents original cost reduced by repayments, write-downs from declines in fair value, amortization of premiums, and/or accretion of discounts. The amortized cost for these investments does not include allowance for credit losses.

(2)Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, auto loans, and other asset types.

(3)Derivatives are carried at fair value.

(4)The difference between amortized cost and carrying value for private equity partnerships and perpetual preferred and equity securities primarily results from changes in the partnership owner's equity and the security's market valuation since acquisition, respectively.
v3.25.0.1
Schedule II Condensed Finacial Information of Registrant
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Condensed Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]  
Condensed Financial Information of Parent Company Only Disclosure
SCHEDULE II--CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT

Unum Group (Parent Company)

BALANCE SHEETS
December 31
20242023
(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Fixed Maturity Securities - at fair value (amortized cost: $545.0; $656.2)
$497.4 $596.1 
Other Long-term Investments32.7 27.0 
Short-term Investments1,397.5 970.9 
Investment in Subsidiaries12,982.0 11,663.6 
Deferred Income Tax122.5 118.1 
Other Assets620.0 593.6 
Total Assets$15,652.1 $13,969.3 
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Liabilities
Short-term Debt
$274.6 $— 
Long-term Debt3,465.2 3,430.4 
Pension and Postretirement Benefits341.9 350.2 
Other Liabilities609.3 537.3 
Total Liabilities4,691.0 4,317.9 
Stockholders' Equity
Common Stock, $0.10 par
Authorized: 725,000,000 shares
Issued: 195,460,723 and 194,588,625 shares
19.5 19.4 
Additional Paid-in Capital1,489.6 1,547.8 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
(2,523.7)(3,308.0)
Retained Earnings12,914.0 11,431.5 
Treasury Stock - at cost: 16,871,752 and 1,216,528 shares
(938.3)(39.3)
Total Stockholders' Equity10,961.1 9,651.4 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity$15,652.1 $13,969.3 
SCHEDULE II--CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT (Continued)

Unum Group (Parent Company)

STATEMENTS OF INCOME
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Cash Dividends from Subsidiaries$1,378.7 $1,581.1 $1,306.6 
Non-Cash Dividends from Subsidiaries33.0 — 23.0 
Other Income100.5 90.3 81.8 
Total Revenue1,512.2 1,671.4 1,411.4 
Interest and Debt Expense201.1 194.8 188.5 
Cost Related to Early Retirement of Debt— — 4.2 
Other Expenses70.8 54.2 35.6 
Total Expenses271.9 249.0 228.3 
Income of Parent Company Before Income Tax1,240.3 1,422.4 1,183.1 
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)(33.7)(9.5)14.7 
Income of Parent Company1,274.0 1,431.9 1,168.4 
Equity in Undistributed Earnings (Loss) of Subsidiaries505.1 (148.1)238.8 
Net Income1,779.1 1,283.8 1,407.2 
Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax
784.3 140.3 1,716.3 
Comprehensive Income
$2,563.4 $1,424.1 $3,123.5 
SCHEDULE II--CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT (Continued)

Unum Group (Parent Company)

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Cash Provided by Operating Activities$1,358.2 $1,548.0 $1,250.2 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Proceeds from Sales and Maturities of Fixed Maturity Securities378.0 97.1 192.1 
Proceeds from Sales and Maturities of Other Investments25.1 23.9 7.4 
Purchase of Fixed Maturity Securities(3.0)(44.5)(102.7)
Purchase of Other Investments(16.1)(23.4)(32.0)
Net Purchases of Short-term Investments
(375.4)(104.4)(209.6)
Cash Distributions to Subsidiaries(40.2)(854.5)(540.2)
Net Purchases of Property and Equipment(91.1)(113.1)(94.0)
Cash Used by Investing Activities(122.7)(1,018.9)(779.0)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Short-term Debt Repayment— (2.0)— 
Issuance of Long-term Debt391.6 — 349.2 
Long-term Debt Repayment(350.0)— (364.0)
Cost Related to Early Retirement of Debt— — (3.6)
Issuance of Common Stock6.0 5.2 4.0 
Repurchase of Common Stock(972.9)(250.1)(200.1)
Dividends Paid to Stockholders(296.5)(277.1)(254.2)
Other, Net(9.9)— 0.7 
Cash Used by Financing Activities(1,231.7)(524.0)(468.0)
Increase in Cash$3.8 $5.1 $3.2 
v3.25.0.1
Schedule III Supplementary Insurance Information
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
SEC Schedule, 12-16, Insurance Companies, Supplementary Insurance Information [Abstract]  
Supplementary Insurance Information, for Insurance Companies Disclosure
SCHEDULE III--SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION

Unum Group and Subsidiaries
SegmentDeferred Acquisition Costs
Future Policy Benefits
Policyholders' Account BalancesUnearned Premiums
(in millions of dollars)
December 31, 2024
Unum US$1,260.6 $8,669.7 $675.7 $51.7 
Unum International53.0 2,163.0 — 165.5 
Colonial Life1,529.2 1,904.2 862.5 45.4 
Closed Block— 24,069.5 4,095.5 121.4 
   Total$2,842.8 $36,806.4 $5,633.7 $384.0 
December 31, 2023
Unum US$1,232.2 $9,419.1 $678.1 $54.6 
Unum International46.9 2,305.3 — 151.4 
Colonial Life1,435.4 1,997.8 869.8 44.5 
Closed Block— 26,287.2 4,119.8 129.7 
   Total$2,714.5 $40,009.4 $5,667.7 $380.2 
SCHEDULE III--SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION (Continued)

Unum Group and Subsidiaries
SegmentPremium Income
Net Investment Income1
Policy Benefits Including Remeasurement Loss or Gain2
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs
All Other Expenses3
Premiums Written4
(in millions of dollars)
December 31, 2024
Unum US$6,883.2 $632.2 $3,864.7 $292.5 $2,011.3 $4,834.0 
Unum International949.5 128.8 656.7 9.5 263.4 581.6 
Colonial Life1,783.9 161.5 804.7 219.0 413.0 1,247.4 
Closed Block880.8 1,148.9 1,591.8 — 243.0 868.1 
Corporate— 58.6 — — 266.4 — 
   Total$10,497.4 $2,130.0 $6,917.9 $521.0 $3,197.1 
December 31, 2023
Unum US$6,579.2 $639.9 $3,808.5 $267.6 $1,879.2 $4,634.3 
Unum International825.2 137.2 579.8 8.4 235.6 544.4 
Colonial Life1,726.1 153.5 798.1 205.4 396.5 1,221.8 
Closed Block915.5 1,066.3 2,070.7 — 246.5 904.2 
Corporate— 99.8 — — 249.5 — 
   Total$10,046.0 $2,096.7 $7,257.1 $481.4 $3,007.3 
December 31, 2022
Unum US$6,251.4 $676.3 $3,970.9 $240.9 $1,768.8 $4,335.7 
Unum International718.8 170.1 549.6 8.2 190.4 504.1 
Colonial Life1,702.0 152.7 826.1 172.0 389.6 1,221.8 
Closed Block944.3 1,070.6 1,648.0 — 248.0 936.8 
Corporate— 52.5 — — 221.6 — 
   Total$9,616.5 $2,122.2 $6,994.6 $421.1 $2,818.4 

1 Net investment income is allocated based upon segmentation. Each segment has its own specifically identified assets and receives the investment income generated by those assets.

2 Included in policy benefits including remeasurement loss or gain were the following:

In 2024, reserve assumption updates resulting in a net decrease in policy benefits including remeasurement gain or loss in the Unum US, Colonial Life and Closed Block segments of $143.6 million, $46.0 million, $175.3 million, respectively and a net increase in policy benefits including remeasurement gain or loss in the Unum International segment of $7.5 million.
In 2023, reserve assumption updates resulting in a net decrease in policy benefits including remeasurement gain or loss in the Unum US and Colonial Life segments of $128.8 million and $80.7 million respectively and a net increase in policy benefits including remeasurement gain or loss in the Unum International and Closed Block segments of $17.9 million, and $368.8 million, respectively.
In 2022, reserve assumption updates resulting in a net decrease in policy benefits including remeasurement gain or loss in the Unum US, Unum International, Colonial Life, and Closed Block segments of $170.8 million, $7.6 million, and $55.2 million, and $9.7 million respectively.
In 2024, 2023, and 2022 the impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance of $25.1 million, $34.8 million, and $34.4 million respectively, in the Closed Block segment.
SCHEDULE III--SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION (Continued)

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

3 Includes commissions, interest and debt expense, deferral of acquisition costs, compensation expense, and other expenses. Where not directly attributable to a segment, expenses are generally allocated based on activity levels, time information, and usage statistics. Also included in all other expenses were the following:
In 2024, 2023 and 2022 the amortization of the cost of reinsurance of $41.4 million, $44.1 million, and $50.3 million respectively, in the Closed Block segment.
In 2024, we incurred a loss on legal settlement of $15.3 million for the settlement of an employment-related matter, in the Corporate segment.

4 Excludes life insurance.
v3.25.0.1
Schedule IV Reinsurance
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
SEC Schedule, 12-17, Insurance Companies, Reinsurance [Abstract]  
Supplemental Schedule of Reinsurance Premiums for Insurance Companies
SCHEDULE IV--REINSURANCE

Unum Group and Subsidiaries
Gross AmountCeded to Other CompaniesAssumed from Other CompaniesNet AmountPercentage Amount Assumed to Net
(in millions of dollars)
Year Ended December 31, 2024
Life Insurance in Force$1,162,098.7 $24,373.3 $1,009.8 $1,138,735.2 0.1 %
Premium Income:
   Life Insurance$3,011.1 $159.0 $5.1 $2,857.2 0.2 %
   Accident, Health, and Other Insurance7,721.0 145.5 64.7 7,640.2 0.8 %
      Total$10,732.1 $304.5 $69.8 $10,497.4 0.7 %
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Life Insurance in Force$1,079,042.5 $21,210.7 $921.6 $1,058,753.4 0.1 %
Premium Income:
   Life Insurance
$2,799.0 $157.5 $6.0 $2,647.5 0.2 %
   Accident, Health, and Other Insurance7,487.8 163.7 74.4 7,398.5 1.0 %
      Total$10,286.8 $321.2 $80.4 $10,046.0 0.8 %
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Life Insurance in Force$1,057,312.2 $35,773.9 $931.9 $1,022,470.2 0.1 %
Premium Income:
   Life Insurance$2,704.3 $155.1 $6.5 $2,555.7 0.3 %
   Accident, Health, and Other Insurance7,189.3 200.7 72.2 7,060.8 1.0 %
      Total$9,893.6 $355.8 $78.7 $9,616.5 0.8 %
v3.25.0.1
Schedule V Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]  
Schedule of Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure
SCHEDULE V--VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

Unum Group and Subsidiaries
Description
Balance at Beginning of Year
Additions Charged to Costs and Expenses
Deductions1
Balance at End of Year
(in millions of dollars)
Year Ended December 31, 2024
Allowance for expected credit losses (deducted from accounts and premiums receivable)$29.5 $8.0 $10.7 $26.8 
Allowance for expected credit losses (deducted from reinsurance recoverable)$1.7 $0.3 $0.5 $1.5 
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Allowance for expected credit losses (deducted from accounts and premiums receivable)$32.5 $11.3 $14.3 $29.5 
Allowance for expected credit losses (deducted from reinsurance recoverable)$1.7 $0.1 $0.1 $1.7 
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Allowance for expected credit losses (deducted from accounts and premiums receivable)$34.2 $10.8 $12.5 $32.5 
Allowance for expected credit losses (deducted from reinsurance recoverable)$2.3 $— $0.6 $1.7 

1 Deductions include amounts deemed to reduce exposure of expected losses on premium and accounts receivables and reinsurance recoverable, amounts deemed uncollectible, and amounts related to fluctuations in the foreign currency exchange rate.

Certain items not reported above include the allowance for expected credit losses on mortgage loans, the allowance for credit losses on fixed maturity securities, and the deferred tax asset valuation allowance. See Notes 3 and 9 of the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" contained herein in Item 8 for a discussion of these items.
v3.25.0.1
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure      
Net Income $ 1,779.1 $ 1,283.8 $ 1,407.2
v3.25.0.1
Insider Trading Arrangements
3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual  
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated false
v3.25.0.1
Signficant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting policies and error corrections [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation Basis of Presentation: The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Unum Group and its subsidiaries (the Company) have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Such accounting principles differ from statutory accounting principles (see Note 18). Intercompany transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Such estimates and assumptions could change in the future as more information becomes known, which could impact the amounts reported and disclosed herein.

In accordance with standard practice, we regularly review the methodology used in the development of all key estimates. As a result of this review, in 2022, we updated our estimate of the unearned premium reserve for certain of our product lines to utilize a gross unearned premium reserve rather than a net unearned premium reserve. The effect of this change in estimate was to decrease 2022 premium income by $13.4 million and decrease commissions by $1.0 million. This resulted in a decrease to net income of $9.8 million and a decrease to both basic and diluted earnings per share by $0.05.
Fixed Maturity Securities
Fixed Maturity Securities: Fixed maturity securities include long-term bonds and redeemable preferred stocks. Our fixed maturity securities are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value. Changes in the fair value of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities, except for amounts related to impairment and credit losses recognized in earnings, are reported as a component of other comprehensive income, net of income tax. Realized investment gains or losses are based upon specific identification of the investments sold.

Interest income is recorded as part of net investment income when earned, using an effective yield method giving effect to amortization of premium and accretion of discount. Included within fixed maturity securities are mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities.  We recognize investment income on these securities using a constant effective yield based on projected prepayments of the underlying loans and the estimated economic life of the securities.  Actual prepayment experience is reviewed periodically, and effective yields are recalculated when differences arise between prepayments originally projected and the actual prepayments received and currently projected.  The effective yield is recalculated on a retrospective basis, and the adjustment is reflected in net investment income. For fixed maturity securities on which collection of investment income is uncertain, we discontinue the accrual of investment income and recognize investment income when interest and dividends are received. Payment terms specified for fixed maturity securities may include a prepayment penalty for unscheduled payoff of the investment.  Prepayment penalties are recognized as investment income when received.

In determining when a decline in fair value below amortized cost of a fixed maturity security is a credit loss, we evaluate available information, both positive and negative, in reaching our conclusions. In particular, we consider the strength of the issuer's balance sheet, its debt obligations and near-term funding requirements, cash flow and liquidity, the profitability of its core businesses, the availability of marketable assets which could be sold to increase liquidity, its industry fundamentals and regulatory environment, and its access to capital markets. Although all available and applicable factors are considered in our analysis, our expectation of recovering the entire amortized cost basis of the security, whether we intend to sell the security, whether it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost, and whether the security is current on principal and interest payments are the most critical factors in determining whether impairments represent credit losses. The significance of the decline in value is also an important factor, but we generally do not record an impairment loss based solely on this factor, since often other more relevant factors will impact our evaluation of a security.

For securities with a decline in fair value below amortized cost which we intend to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell before recovery in value, the amortized cost of the investment is written down to fair value through earnings, and an impairment loss is recognized in the current period. For securities that we believe are impaired and which we do not intend to
sell and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell before recovery in value, we calculate an allowance for credit losses recognized in earnings which generally represents the difference between the amortized cost of the security and the present value of our best estimate of cash flows expected to be collected, discounted using the effective interest rate implicit in the security at the date of acquisition and limited by the difference between amortized cost and fair value of the security. For fixed maturity securities for which we have recognized an allowance for credit loss through earnings, if through subsequent evaluation there is a significant increase in expected cash flows, the allowance is reduced and is recognized as a reduction to credit losses in the current period. When an allowance for credit losses on a fixed maturity security is recognized, we designate non-accrual status for those securities.  We reverse all previously accrued interest through interest income and use a cash basis method for recognizing any future payments received. See Notes 2 and 3.
Mortgage Loans
Mortgage Loans: Mortgage loans are generally held for investment and are carried at amortized cost less an allowance for expected credit losses. Interest income is accrued on the principal amount of the loan based on the loan's contractual interest rate. Prepayment penalties are recognized as investment income when received. For mortgage loans on which collection of interest income is uncertain, we discontinue the accrual of interest and recognize it in the period when an interest payment is received. We typically do not resume the accrual of interest on mortgage loans on nonaccrual status until there are significant improvements in the underlying financial condition of the borrower. We consider a loan to be delinquent if full payment is not received in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan.

We evaluate each of our mortgage loans individually for impairment and assign an internal credit quality rating based on a comprehensive rating system used to evaluate the credit risk of the loan. Although all available and applicable factors are considered in our analysis, loan-to-value and debt service coverage ratios are the most critical factors in determining impairment. We estimate an allowance for credit losses that we expect to incur over the life of our mortgage loans using a probability of default method. For each loan, we estimate the probability that the loan will default before its maturity (probability of default) and the amount of the loss if the loan defaults (loss given default). These two factors result in an expected loss percentage that is applied to the amortized cost of each loan to determine the expected credit loss. As we are typically the original underwriter of the mortgage loans, the amortized cost generally equals the principal amount of the loan. We measure losses on defaults of our mortgage loans as the excess amortized cost of the mortgage loan over the fair value of the underlying collateral in the event that we foreclose on the loan or over the expected future cash flows of the loan if we retain the mortgage loan until payoff. We do not purchase mortgage loans with existing credit impairments.

In estimating the probability of default, we consider historical experience, current market conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts about the future market conditions. We utilize our historical loan experience in combination with a large third-party industry database for a period of time that aligns with the average life of our loans based on the maturity dates of the loans and prepayment experience. Our model utilizes an industry database of the historical loss experience based on our actual portfolio characteristics such as loan-to-value, debt service coverage, collateral type, geography, and late payment history. In addition, because we actively manage our portfolio, we may extend the term of a loan in certain situations and will accordingly extend the maturity date in the estimate of probability of default. In estimating the loss given default, we primarily consider the type and value of collateral and secondarily the expected liquidation costs and time to recovery.

The primary market factors that we consider in our forecast of future market conditions are gross domestic product, unemployment rates, interest rates, inflation, commercial real estate values, household formation, and retail sales. We also forecast certain loan specific factors such as growth in the fair value and net operating income of collateral by property type. We include our estimate of these factors over a two-year period and for the remainder of the loans’ estimated lives, adjusted for estimated prepayments. Past the two-year forecast period, we revert to the historical assumptions ratably by the end of the fifth year of the loan after which we utilize only historical assumptions.

We utilize various scenarios to estimate our allowance for expected losses ranging from a base case scenario that reflects normal market conditions to a severe case scenario that reflects adverse market conditions. We will adjust our allowance each period to utilize the scenario or weighting of the scenarios that best reflects our view of current market conditions. Additions and reductions to our allowance for credit losses on mortgage loans are reported as a component of net investment gains and losses. See Note 3.
Policy Loans Policy Loans: Policy loans are presented at the unpaid balances directly related to policyholders. Interest income is accrued on the principal amount of the loan based on the loan's contractual interest rate. Included in policy loans are $3,313.6 million and $3,322.5 million of policy loans ceded to reinsurers at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Investments
Other Long-term Investments: Other long-term investments are comprised primarily of private equity partnerships, real estate, perpetual preferred stock, common stock, tax credit partnerships, and derivatives - which are described in "Derivative Financial Instruments" below.

Our investments in private equity partnerships are passive in nature and represent funds that are primarily invested in private credit, private equity, and real assets. We account for our investments in these partnerships using either the equity method or at fair value through net income depending on the level of ownership and the degree of our influence over partnership operating and financial policies. For investments in partnerships accounted for under the equity method, we report our investments at our share of the partnership's net asset value (NAV) and record our portion of partnership earnings as a component of net investment income. For investments in partnerships accounted for at fair value through net income, we also report our investments at our share of the partnership's NAV as a practical expedient for fair value with increases or decreases recorded as a component of net investment income. Distributions received from the funds arise from income generated by the underlying investments as well as the liquidation of the underlying investments and there is generally not a public market for these investments.

Investment real estate is primarily comprised of property held for the production of income and property held for sale. Property held for the production of income is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and any write-downs to fair value for impairment losses. Depreciation is recorded on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset. A review for impairment is made whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying value of the property exceeds the expected undiscounted cash flows generated from the property, at which point the carrying value is written down to an estimated fair value. Real estate held for sale is carried at the lower of depreciated cost or fair value less estimated selling costs and is not further depreciated once classified as such.

Our perpetual preferred stocks are valued at fair value, based on quoted market prices, where available. For preferred stocks not actively traded, fair values are estimated using values obtained from independent pricing services. Our investments in common stock are valued at fair value. Our shares of Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) common stock are carried at cost, which approximates fair value.

Tax credit partnerships in which we have invested were formed for the purpose of investing in the construction and rehabilitation of low-income housing.  Because the partnerships are structured such that there is no return of principal, the primary sources of investment return from our tax credit partnerships are tax credits and tax benefits derived from passive losses on the investments, both of which may exhibit variability over the life of the investment.  These partnerships are accounted for using either the proportional or the effective yield method, depending primarily on whether the tax credits are guaranteed through a letter of credit, a tax indemnity agreement, or another similar arrangement. Tax credits received from these partnerships are reported in our consolidated statements of income as either a reduction of premium tax or a reduction of income tax. The amortization of the principal amount invested in these partnerships is reported as a component of either premium tax or income tax.

See Notes 2, 3, and 4 for further discussion of our other long-term investments.
Short-term Investments: Short-term investments are carried at cost. Short-term investments include investments maturing within one year of purchase, such as corporate commercial paper and Treasury bills, bank term deposits, and other cash accounts and cash equivalents earning interest.
Cash and Bank Deposits Cash and Bank Deposits: Cash and bank deposits include cash on hand and non-interest bearing cash and deposit accounts.
Derivative Financial Instruments
Derivative Financial Instruments: Derivative financial instruments (including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts) are recognized as either other long-term investments or other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets and are reported at fair value. The accounting for a derivative depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a
hedging relationship, and further, on the type of hedging relationship. To qualify for hedge accounting, at the inception of the hedging transaction, we formally document the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedging transaction, as well as the designation of the hedge as either a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge. Included in this documentation is how the hedging instrument is expected to hedge the designated risk related to specific assets or liabilities on the balance sheet or to specific forecasted transactions as well as a description of the method that will be used to retrospectively and prospectively assess the hedging instrument's effectiveness.

A derivative designated as a hedging instrument must be assessed as being highly effective in offsetting the designated risk of the hedged item. Hedge effectiveness is formally assessed at inception and periodically throughout the life of the designated hedging relationship, using qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative methods include comparison of critical terms of the derivative to the hedged item. Quantitative methods include regression or other statistical analysis of changes in fair value or cash flows associated with the hedge relationship.

Changes in the fair value of a derivative designated as a fair value hedge and changes in the fair value of the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged are recognized in earnings as a component of net investment gain or loss during the period of change in fair value.  For gains or losses on the derivative instrument that are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness, those gains and losses are recognized in other comprehensive income or loss and amortized into earnings in the same income statement line as the related hedged item. The gain or loss on the termination of a fair value hedge is recognized in earnings as a component of net investment gain or loss during the period in which the termination occurs. When interest rate swaps are used in hedge accounting relationships, periodic settlements are recorded in the same income statement line as the related settlements of the hedged items.

Changes in the fair value of a derivative designated as a cash flow hedge are reported in other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings and reported on the same income statement line item as the hedged item and in the same period or periods during which the hedged item affects earnings. The gain or loss on the termination of an effective cash flow hedge is reported in other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings and reported on the same income statement line item as the hedged item and in the same period or periods during which the hedged item affects earnings.

Gains or losses on the termination of ineffective fair value or cash flow hedges are reported in earnings as a component of net investment gain or loss. In the event a hedged item is disposed of or the anticipated transaction being hedged is no longer likely to occur, we will terminate the related derivative and recognize the gain or loss on termination in current earnings as a component of net investment gain or loss. In the event a hedged item is disposed of subsequent to the termination of the hedging transaction, we reclassify any remaining gain or loss on the hedge out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI) into earnings as a component of the same income statement line item wherein we report the gain or loss on disposition of the hedged item.

For a derivative not designated as a hedging instrument, changes in the fair value of the derivative, together with the payment of periodic fees, if applicable, are recognized in the same income statement line item as the hedged item during the period of change in fair value.

Cash flows related to derivative contracts are included in the consolidated statements of cash flows, coinciding with the timing of the underlying exposure. Cash inflows are included as a component of proceeds from sales and maturities of other investments. Cash outflows are included as a component of purchases of other investments.
In our consolidated balance sheets, we do not offset fair value amounts recognized for derivatives executed with the same counterparty under a master netting agreement and fair value amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral or the obligation to return cash collateral arising from those master netting agreements. See Notes 2, 3, and 4.
Fair Value Measurement
Fair Value Measurement: Certain assets and liabilities are reported at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets and in our notes to our consolidated financial statements. We define fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Therefore, fair value represents an exit price, not an entry price. The exit price objective applies regardless of our intent and/or ability to sell the asset or transfer the liability at the measurement date. Assets or liabilities with readily available actively quoted prices or for
which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices in active markets generally have more pricing observability and less judgment utilized in measuring fair value. When actively quoted prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted prices in markets that are not active, quoted prices for similar but not identical assets or liabilities, or other observable inputs. If observable inputs are not available, unobservable inputs and/or adjustments to observable inputs requiring management judgment are used to determine fair value. We categorize our assets and liabilities measured at estimated fair value into a three-level hierarchy, based on the significance of the inputs. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to inputs which are unadjusted and represent quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). See Note 2.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Premiums Receivable
Allowance for Credit Losses on Premiums Receivable: We establish an allowance for credit losses on premiums receivable, which is deducted from the gross amount of our receivable balance, to present the net amount we expect to collect on this asset. The allowance is forward-looking in nature and is calculated based on considerations regarding both historical events and future expectations. Periodic changes in the allowance are recorded through earnings.
The allowance on our premiums receivable is primarily determined using an aging analysis as well as historical lapse and delinquency rates by product line, adjusted for key factors that may impact our future expectation of premium receipts such as changes in customer demographics, business practices, economic conditions, and product offerings. We write off premiums receivable amounts when determined to be uncollectible, which is based on various factors, including the aging of premiums receivable past the due date and specific communication with customers. At December 31, 2024, and 2023, the allowance for expected credit losses on premiums receivable was $26.8 million and $29.5 million, respectively, on gross premiums receivable of $584.1 million and $612.4 million, respectively. The decrease in the allowance of $2.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 was driven primarily by the decrease in gross premiums receivable. The decrease in the allowance of $3.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 was driven primarily by improvements in the age of premiums receivable.
Deferred Acquisition Costs
Deferred Acquisition Costs: Incremental direct costs associated with the successful acquisition of new or renewal insurance contracts have been deferred. Such costs include non-level commissions, other agency compensation, certain selection and policy issue expenses, and certain field expenses. Acquisition costs that do not vary with the production of new business, such as commissions on group products which are generally level throughout the life of the policy, are excluded from deferral.

Our insurance contracts are grouped by product type and contract issue year into cohorts consistent with the grouping used to estimate the related contract liabilities. Deferred acquisition costs (DAC) are amortized on a constant level basis over the life of the policy. For all products, in-force volume metrics are used as the constant level basis. The lapse and mortality assumptions used to amortize DAC for our traditional long-duration products are consistent with the assumptions used to estimate the liability for future policy benefits. The underlying assumptions used to determine DAC amortization are updated concurrently with any related assumption changes for the liability for future policy benefits and changes in estimates are recognized prospectively over the remaining expected term of the related contracts. Amortization expense is adjusted based on actual versus expected experience through an adjustment to the prospective rate of amortization.

For certain products, policyholders can elect to modify product benefits, features, rights, or coverages by exchanging a contract for a new contract or by amendment, endorsement, or rider to a contract, or by the election of a feature or coverage within a contract. These transactions are known as internal replacement transactions, principally on group contracts. Internal replacement transactions wherein the modification does not substantially change the policy are accounted for as continuations of the replaced contracts. The original policy continues to be reflected as an in-force policy within its original cohort. The policy's expected life then impacts the amortization of remaining unamortized deferred acquisition costs within its cohort. The costs of replacing the policy are accounted for as policy maintenance costs and expensed as incurred. Internal replacement transactions that result in a policy that is substantially changed are accounted for as an extinguishment of the original policy and the issuance of a new policy. The original policy that was replaced is terminated from its original cohort and this termination is reflected in the amortization rate of remaining unamortized deferred acquisition costs for the cohort. The costs of acquiring the new policy are capitalized and amortized as part of a new cohort. See Note 8.
Goodwill
Goodwill: Goodwill is the excess of the amount paid to acquire a business over the fair value of the net assets acquired. We review the carrying amount of goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount might not be recoverable. Goodwill impairment testing compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill.  If the fair value of the reporting unit to which the goodwill relates is less than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit in an amount not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.
Property and Equipment Property and Equipment: Property and equipment is reported at cost less accumulated depreciation, which is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful life. The accumulated depreciation for property and equipment was $1,501.3 million and $1,422.8 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Value of Business Acquired
Value of Business Acquired: Value of business acquired represents the present value of future profits recorded in connection with the acquisition of a block of insurance policies. The asset is amortized based upon expected future premium income for non-interest sensitive insurance policies and estimated future gross profits from surrender charges, mortality margins, investment returns, and expense margins for interest sensitive insurance policies. The value of business acquired, which is included in other assets in our consolidated balance sheets, was $55.1 million and $63.9 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The accumulated amortization for value of business acquired was $165.5 million and $161.8 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The amortization of value of business acquired, which is included in other expenses in the consolidated statements of income, was $6.2 million, $5.2 million, and $4.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. We
periodically review the carrying amount of value of business acquired and it is subject to recoverability testing.
Future Policy Benefits
Future Policy Benefits: Liabilities for future policy benefits represent the cost of claims that we estimate we will eventually pay to our policyholders which includes policy liabilities for claims not yet incurred and for claims that have been incurred or are estimated to have been incurred but not yet reported to us. Liabilities for future policy benefits also include the related expenses for our non interest-sensitive life and accident and health products. The liability for future policy benefits is calculated based on the present value of the estimated future policy benefits less the present value of estimated future net premiums collected. Net premiums represent the portion of the gross premium required to provide for all benefits and expenses, excluding acquisition costs or any costs that are required to be charged to expense as incurred. In calculating the liability for future policy benefits, our long-duration contracts are grouped into cohorts by product type and contract issue year.

The calculation of the liability for future policy benefits involves numerous assumptions including assumptions related to discount rate, lapses, mortality, and morbidity. The discount rate assumptions were initially set based on the expected investment yield of the assets supporting the reserves at the transition date of accounting standards update (ASU) 2018-12, which was January 1, 2021, for policies originally issued before the transition date. The discount rate assumptions for new cohorts established after the transition date, are initially set based on the policy issuance date or policy renewal date, and are based on an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument, which is generally equivalent to a single-A interest rate matched to the duration of our insurance liabilities. As cohorts are grouped by product type and issue year, a weighted average discount rate is utilized as policies are issued or renewed throughout the year. We utilize a reference portfolio of fixed-income instruments that have been A-rated by one of the major credit rating agencies. For products with liability cash flows that exceed the duration of observable single-A fixed income instruments, we use the last market observable yield and use extrapolation approaches to determine yield assumptions for durations beyond the last market observable duration. For the discount rate assumptions for products in our Unum International segment, we utilize observable market data in the local debt markets in the UK and Poland.
The initial, also referred to as the original, discount rate assumptions established for each cohort are used to determine interest accretion which is reported as a component of policy benefits on the statements of income. After policy issuance or policy renewal, the discount rate assumptions are updated quarterly and used to update the liability at each reporting date to the current discount rate, with the corresponding change reflected as the change in the effect of discount rate assumptions on the liability for future policy benefits, net of reinsurance, on the statement of changes in other comprehensive income (loss). Policyholder lapse and mortality assumptions reflect the probability that an insureds’ coverage is discontinued due to lapsation or death of the insured. For our life insurance products, mortality assumptions also reflect the probability that a benefit payment occurs. Policyholder lapse and mortality assumptions are based on our actual historical experience adjusted for future expectations. Claim incidence and claim resolution rate assumptions related to morbidity and mortality are based on actual experience or industry standards adjusted as appropriate to reflect our actual experience and future expectations. The claim incidence rate assumption is the rate at which new claims are submitted and the development of this assumption may involve many factors, including the age of the insured, the insured's occupation or industry, the benefit plan design, and certain external factors such as consumer confidence and levels of unemployment. The claim resolution rate assumption is the probability that a claim will close due to recovery or death of the insured and is used to estimate how long benefits will be paid on an open claim. Certain product lines may utilize additional assumptions in calculating the liability for future policy benefits in addition to those listed above such as premium rate increases for long-term care, benefit offsets for long-term disability, and claim costs for voluntary benefits. Claim costs capture the combined effect of the incidence rate, the expected level of benefit to be paid, and the claim resolution rate.

Cash flow assumptions are reviewed and updated, as needed, at least annually. Assumptions may be updated more frequently if necessary based on trending experience and future expectations. On a quarterly basis, cohort level cash flow measures are updated based on the emergence of actual experience. The updated cash flows are used to determine the updated net premiums and the net premium ratio, which is the present value of benefits and related expenses divided by the present value of gross premiums. The updated net premium ratio is used to calculate the updated liability for future policy benefits as of the beginning of the year, at the original discount rate. The change in the liability for future policy benefits, at the original discount rate, as of the beginning of the period, resulting from changes in cash flow assumptions and resulting from the emergence of actual experience from expected experience, is reflected as the policy benefits - remeasurement loss (gain) in the consolidated statements of income. The impact of all other changes in the liability for future policy benefits are reflected as policy benefits in the consolidated statements of income.

For most products, a net premium methodology is applied to each cohort to estimate the liability for claims not yet incurred in which discounted gross benefits are compared to discounted gross premiums. In this methodology, actual experience to date is combined with projected future cash flows to determine a net premium ratio for each cohort. The future cash flows include the costs of future expected claims as well as future cash flows on claims that have already been incurred. The net premium ratio is then used to estimate the liability for future policy benefits. The liability for future policy benefits represents the present value of future claims and associated expenses less the present value of future net premiums, which is derived by multiplying the present value of future gross premium by the net premium ratio.

For our group products in the Unum US and Unum International segments, we evaluate the liability for future policy benefits required for active policies in comparison to incurred claims. Given the term nature of the products, their renewal features, and level funding nature of the premium for these products, we have determined that the liability value is generally zero for policies that are not on claim. For these products, our liability for future policy benefit values are limited to the liability associated with claims incurred as of the valuation date.

Multiple estimation methods exist to establish liabilities for the incurred claim component of future policy benefits. Available reserving methods utilized to calculate these liabilities include the tabular reserve method, the paid loss development method, the incurred loss development method, the count and severity method, and the expected claim cost method. No single method is better than the others in all situations and for all product lines. The estimation methods we have chosen are those that we believe produce the most accurate and reliable liability.

We use a tabular reserve methodology on reported claims for our Unum US group long-term disability and individual disability claims as well as for our Closed Block long-term care claims. Under the tabular reserve methodology, the liability for reported claims is based on certain characteristics of the actual reported claimants and their related policy provisions, such
as age, length of time disabled, and medical diagnosis, as well as assumptions regarding claim duration, discount rate, and policy benefit offsets. We believe the tabular reserve method is the most accurate to calculate long-term liabilities and allows us to use the most available known facts about each claim. Incurred, but not reported (IBNR) liabilities for future policy benefits for our longer-term products are calculated using the count and severity method using historical patterns of the claims to be reported and the associated claim costs. For Unum US group short-term disability products, an estimate of the value of future payments to be made on claims already submitted, as well as on IBNR claims, is determined in aggregate using a paid loss development method rather than on the individual claimant basis that we use for reported claims on longer-term products. The average length of time between the event triggering a claim under a policy and the final resolution of those claims is much shorter for these products and results in less estimation variability.

Liabilities for claims for Unum US group life and accidental death and dismemberment products are related primarily to death claims reported but not yet paid, IBNR death claims, and a liability for waiver of premium benefits in the event the policyholder becomes disabled. The death claim liability is based on the actual face amount to be paid, the IBNR liability is calculated using the count and severity method based on historical patterns of the claims, and the waiver of premium benefits liability is calculated using the tabular reserve methodology.

Liabilities for claims related to the group and individual dental and vision products reported in our Unum US and Colonial Life segments have a short claim payout period. As a result, the liabilities, which primarily represent IBNR and a small amount of claims pending payment, are calculated using the paid loss development method.

Liabilities for future policy benefits supporting the group products within our Unum International segment are calculated using generally the same methodology that we use for Unum US group disability and group life liabilities. Liabilities for future policy benefits for our Unum UK group life dependent product, which provides an annuity to the beneficiary upon the death of an employee, are calculated using discounted cash flows, based on our assumptions for claim duration and discount rates. The assumptions used in calculating liabilities for future policy benefits for this segment are based on standard country-specific industry experience, adjusted for our own experience.

Certain products in the Colonial Life segment and the Unum US voluntary benefits product line have shorter-term benefits, which generally have less estimation variability than our longer-term products because of the shorter claim payout period. Our liabilities for future policy benefits for these lines of business are predominantly determined using the incurred loss development method based on our own experience. The incurred loss development method uses the historical patterns of payments by loss date to predict future claim payments for each loss date. Where the incurred loss development method may not be appropriate, we estimate the incurred claims using an expected claim cost per policy or other measure of exposure. See Note 6.
Policyholders' Account Balances
Policyholders' Account Balances: Policyholders' account balances primarily include our universal life and corporate-owned life insurance products. Policyholders' account balances reflect customer deposits and interest credited less cost of insurance, administration expenses, surrender charges, and customer withdrawals. Our unearned revenue reserve, claim reserves and certain other reserves related to our universal life products and corporate-owned life insurance products are also reported as a component of policyholders’ account balances. Policyholders' account balances require loss recognition testing. We perform loss recognition tests on these reserves annually, or more frequently if appropriate, using best estimate assumptions as of the date of the test, without a provision for adverse deviation. We group the policy reserves for each major product line within a reportable segment when we perform the loss recognition tests. If the excess of the present value of projected future benefits and claim settlement expenses over the present value of projected future gross premiums is greater than the existing policy reserves less any unearned revenue reserve or value of business acquired, the existing policy reserves would be increased to immediately recognize the insufficiency. This becomes the new basis for reserves going forward, subject to future loss recognition testing. Anticipated investment income, based on our anticipated portfolio yield rates after consideration for defaults and investment expenses, is considered when performing loss recognition testing for long-duration contracts. See note 7.
Policyholders' Funds
Other Policyholders' Funds: Other policyholders' funds represent customer deposits plus interest credited at contract rates. We control interest rate risk by investing in quality assets which have an aggregate duration that closely matches the expected duration of the liabilities.
Income Tax Income Tax: Deferred taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial statement purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Deferred taxes have been measured using enacted statutory income tax rates and laws that are currently in effect. We record adjustments to our deferred taxes resulting from tax rate changes through income as of the date of enactment. We record deferred tax assets for tax positions taken in the U.S. and other tax jurisdictions based on our assessment of whether a position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination based solely on its technical merits.  A valuation allowance is established for deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that an amount will not be realized. We record tax expense related to Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income in the period in which it is incurred. We follow an aggregate portfolio approach to release disproportionate tax effects from AOCI upon disposal of an entire portfolio. See Note 9.
Short-term and Long-term Debt
Short-term and Long-term Debt: Debt is generally carried at the unpaid principal balance, net of unamortized discount or premium and deferred debt issuance costs. Short-term debt consists of debt due within the next twelve months, including that portion of debt otherwise classified as long-term. The amortization of the original issue discount or premium as well as deferred debt issuance costs are recognized as a component of interest expense over the period the debt is expected to be outstanding. See Note 10.
Right-of-Use Asset (ROU) and Lease Liability
Right-of-Use Asset (ROU) and Lease Liability: ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for a specified lease term and are included in other assets in our consolidated balance sheet. Lease liabilities represent the present value of lease payments that we are obligated to pay arising from a lease and are included in other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception through a formal process that evaluates our right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. We account for the lease and non-lease components of our building leases separately and have elected to use the available practical expedient to account for the lease and non-lease components of our equipment leases as a single component. All of our leases are classified as operating. For each operating lease, we calculate a lease liability at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term and a corresponding ROU asset, adjusted for lease incentives. We do not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities that arise from short-term leases for any class of underlying asset.

We consider the likelihood of renewal in determining the lease terms for the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liability. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate of interest, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. We use the implicit rate of interest when readily determinable.

Operating lease cost is calculated on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is included in other expenses in our consolidated statements of income. We amortize the ROU asset over the lease term on a pattern determined by the difference between the straight-line lease liability expense and the accretion of the imputed interest calculated on the lease liability. See Note 17.
Separation of Lease and Nonlease Components We account for the lease and non-lease components of our building leases separately and have elected to use the available practical expedient to account for the lease and non-lease components of our equipment leases as a single component.
Short-term Leases We do not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities that arise from short-term leases for any class of underlying asset.
Treasury Stock and Retirement of Common Stock
Treasury Stock and Retirement of Common Stock: Treasury stock is reflected as a reduction of stockholders' equity at cost when repurchased shares are settled. When shares are retired, the par value is removed from common stock, and the excess of the repurchase price over par is allocated between additional paid-in capital and retained earnings. See Note 12.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition: Our non-interest sensitive life and accident and health products are long-duration contracts, and premium income is recognized as revenue when due from policyholders. If the contracts are experience rated, the estimated ultimate premium is recognized as revenue over the period of the contract. The estimated ultimate premium, which is revised to reflect current experience, is based on estimated claim costs, expenses, and profit margins.
For interest sensitive products, the amounts collected from policyholders are considered deposits, and only the deductions during the period for cost of insurance, policy administration, and surrenders are included in revenue. Policyholders' funds represent funds deposited by contract holders and are not included in revenue.
Revenue from Service Fees Fees from our solutions business, which include leave management services and administrative-services only business are reported as other income when services are rendered.
Reinsurance
Reinsurance: We routinely enter into reinsurance agreements with other insurance companies to spread risk and thereby limit losses from large exposures. For each of our reinsurance agreements, we determine if the agreement provides indemnification against loss or liability relating to insurance risk in accordance with applicable accounting standards. If we determine that a reinsurance agreement does not expose the reinsurer to a reasonable possibility of a significant loss from insurance risk, we record the agreement using the deposit method of accounting.

Reinsurance activity is accounted for on a basis consistent with the terms of the reinsurance contracts and the accounting used for the original policies issued. Premium income, policy benefits, and policy benefits - remeasurement gain or loss are presented in our consolidated statements of income net of reinsurance ceded. Ceded liabilities for future policy benefits, policyholders' account balances and unearned premiums are reported on a gross basis in our consolidated balance sheets, as are ceded policy loans. Our reinsurance recoverable includes the balances due from reinsurers under the terms of the reinsurance agreements for these ceded balances as well as settlement amounts currently due.

For ceded reinsurance transactions occurring after January 1, 2021, the transition date of ASU 2018-12, in accordance with the provisions of the ASU related to non-contemporaneous reinsurance, we are required to establish the ceded reserves using an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument as of the reinsurance transaction date. However, the direct reserves for the reinsured block are calculated using the original discount rate utilized as of the transition date. Both the direct and ceded reserves are then remeasured at each reporting period using a current discount rate reflective of an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument, with the changes recognized in other comprehensive income(loss). While the total equity impact is neutral, the different original discount rates utilized for direct and ceded reserves result in disproportionate earnings impacts.
Where applicable, gains or costs recognized on reinsurance transactions are generally deferred and amortized into earnings based upon expected future premium income for non-interest sensitive insurance policies and estimated future gross profits for interest sensitive insurance policies. Gains or costs recognized on reinsurance transactions for non-interest sensitive products for which we no longer receive premiums are generally deferred and amortized into earnings based upon expected claim reserve patterns. The cost of reinsurance included in other assets in our consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $508.0 million and $549.4 million. The deferred gain on reinsurance included in other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $4.9 million and $8.8 million, respectively.

Under ceded reinsurance agreements wherein we are not relieved of our legal liability to our policyholders, if the assuming reinsurer is unable to meet its obligations, we remain contingently liable. We evaluate the financial condition of reinsurers and monitor concentration of credit risk to minimize this exposure. We may also require assets in trust, letters of credit, or other acceptable collateral to support our reinsurance recoverable balances. We estimate an allowance for expected credit losses for our reinsurance recoverable balance using a probability of default approach which incorporates key inputs and assumptions regarding market factors, counterparty credit ratings, and collateral received. When calculating our allowance, we apply these market factors to the net amount of our credit exposure, which considers collateral arrangements such as letters of credit and trust accounts. We evaluate the factors used to determine our allowance on a quarterly basis to consider material changes in our assumptions and make adjustments accordingly. The allowance for expected credit losses on reinsurance recoverable was $1.5 million at December 31, 2024 and $1.7 million at December 31, 2023. See Note 14.
Premium Tax Expense
Premium Tax Expense: Premium tax expense is included in other expenses in the consolidated statements of income. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, premium tax expense was $194.5 million, $183.5 million, and $169.3 million, respectively.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-Based Compensation: Restricted stock units and stock success units are valued based on the fair value of common stock at the grant date. The fair value of performance units and cash incentive units is based on the Monte-Carlo valuation model. We evaluate whether there are any events which would require an adjustment to the price of common stock at the grant
date. No adjustments have been made to any grant date prices for any awards as of December 31, 2024 or 2023. Stock-based awards are expensed over the requisite service period, or for performance units over the requisite service period, or remaining service period, if and when it becomes probable that the performance conditions will be satisfied, with an offsetting increase to additional paid-in capital in stockholders' equity. The expense for certain of our awards is subject to accelerated recognition over the implicit service period for employees who have met the criteria for retirement eligibility. Forfeitures of stock-based awards are recognized as they occur. See Note 13.
Earnings Per Share
Earnings Per Share: We compute basic earnings per share by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Earnings per share assuming dilution is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period plus the shares representing the dilutive effect of stock-based awards. In computing earnings per share assuming dilution, only potential common shares resulting from stock-based awards that are dilutive (those that reduce earnings per share) are included. We use the treasury stock method to account for the effect of nonvested stock awards on the computation of earnings per share assuming dilution. See Note 12.
Translation of Foreign Curency
Translation of Foreign Currency: Revenues and expenses of our foreign operations are translated at average exchange rates. Assets and liabilities are translated at the rate of exchange on the balance sheet dates. The translation gain or loss is generally reported in AOCI, net of income tax. We do not provide for deferred taxes to the extent unremitted foreign earnings are deemed permanently invested.
Accounting for Participating Individual Life Insurance
Accounting for Participating Individual Life Insurance: Participating policies issued by one of our subsidiaries prior to its 1986 conversion from a mutual to a stock life insurance company will remain participating as long as the policies remain in-force. A Participation Fund Account (PFA) was established for the benefit of all such individual participating life and annuity policies and contracts. The assets of the PFA provide for the benefit, dividend, and certain expense obligations of the participating individual life insurance policies and annuity contracts. The assets of the PFA were $231.3 million and $244.4 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
v3.25.0.1
Fair Values of Financial Instruments (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share
The following tables present additional information about our private equity partnerships, including commitments for additional investments which may or may not be funded:

December 31, 2024
Investment CategoryFair ValueRedemption Term / Redemption NoticeUnfunded Commitments
(in millions of dollars)(in millions of dollars)
Private Credit(a)$236.9 Not redeemable$118.9 
52.3 Quarterly / 90 days notice10.3 
Total Private Credit289.2 129.2 
Private Equity(b)604.1 Not redeemable398.2 
36.1 Initial 5.5 year lock on each new investment / Quarterly after 5.5 year lock with 90 days notice11.0
Total Private Equity640.2 409.2 
Real Assets(c)486.6 Not redeemable230.1 
34.6 Quarterly / 90 days notice— 
Total Real Assets521.2 230.1 
Total Partnerships$1,450.6 $768.5 
December 31, 2023
Investment CategoryFair ValueRedemption Term / Redemption NoticeUnfunded Commitments
(in millions of dollars)(in millions of dollars)
Private Credit(a)$239.1 Not redeemable$128.2 
44.5 Quarterly / 90 days notice8.6 
Total Private Credit283.6 136.8 
Private Equity(b)543.9 Not redeemable410.6 
28.0 Initial 5.5 year lock on each new investment / Quarterly after 5.5 year lock with 90 days notice16.6
Total Private Equity 571.9 427.2 
Real Assets(c)437.5 Not redeemable239.1 
33.2 Quarterly / 90 days notice— 
Total Real Assets470.7 239.1 
Total Partnerships$1,326.2 $803.1 

(a)Private Credit - The limited partnerships described in this category employ various investment strategies, generally providing direct lending or other forms of debt financing including first-lien, second-lien, mezzanine, and subordinated loans. The limited partnerships have credit exposure to corporates, physical assets, and/or financial assets within a variety of industries (including manufacturing, healthcare, energy, business services, technology, materials, and retail) in North America and, to a lesser extent, outside of North America.  As of December 31, 2024, the estimated remaining life of the investments that do not allow for redemptions is approximately 78 percent in the next 3 years, 12 percent during the period from 3 to 5 years, and 10 percent during the period from 5 to 10 years.

(b)Private Equity - The limited partnerships described in this category employ various strategies generally investing in controlling or minority control equity positions directly in companies and/or assets across various industries (including manufacturing, healthcare, energy, business services, technology, materials, and retail), primarily in private markets within North America and, to a lesser extent, outside of North America.  As of December 31, 2024, the estimated remaining life of the investments that do not allow for redemptions is approximately 36 percent in the next 3 years, 27 percent during the period from 3 to 5 years, 36 percent during the period from 5 to 10 years, and 1 percent during the period from 10 to 15 years.

(c)Real Assets - The limited partnerships described in this category employ various strategies, which include investing in the equity and/or debt financing of physical assets, including infrastructure (energy, power, water/wastewater, communications), transportation (including airports, ports, toll roads, aircraft, railcars) and real estate in North America, Europe, South America, and Asia.  As of December 31, 2024, the estimated remaining life of the investments that do not allow for redemptions is approximately 36 percent in the next 3 years, 26 percent during the period from 3 to 5 years, and 38 percent during the period from 5 to 10 years.
Fair Values by Fair Value Hierarchy Input Level
The following tables present information about financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis by fair value level, based on the observability of the inputs used.
 December 31, 2024
 Level 1Level 2Level 3NAVTotal
(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Fixed Maturity Securities
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities$77.9 $452.6 $— $— $530.5 
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions— 3,291.4 — — 3,291.4 
Foreign Governments— 768.1 — — 768.1 
Public Utilities174.5 5,118.4 — — 5,292.9 
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities1
— 843.7 73.5 — 917.2 
All Other Corporate Bonds3,928.1 20,822.6 71.5 — 24,822.2 
Redeemable Preferred Stocks— 7.6 — — 7.6 
Total Fixed Maturity Securities4,180.5 31,304.4 145.0 — 35,629.9 
Other Long-term Investments
Derivatives
Forwards 6.5   6.5 
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps
 72.9   72.9 
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement
  11.5  11.5 
Total Derivatives 79.4 11.5  90.9 
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities— 0.1 24.4 — 24.5 
Private Equity Partnerships— — — 1,450.6 1,450.6 
Total Other Long-term Investments— 79.5 35.9 1,450.6 1,566.0 
Total Financial Instrument Assets Carried at Fair Value$4,180.5 $31,383.9 $180.9 $1,450.6 $37,195.9 
Liabilities
Other Liabilities
Derivatives
Forwards$ $223.2 $ $ $223.2 
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps
 32.5   32.5 
Total Derivatives 255.7   255.7 
Total Financial Instrument Liabilities Carried at Fair Value$— $255.7 $— $— $255.7 
 December 31, 2023
 Level 1Level 2Level 3NAVTotal
(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Fixed Maturity Securities
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities$— $624.8 $— $— $624.8 
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions— 3,678.4 — — 3,678.4 
Foreign Governments— 890.7 — — 890.7 
Public Utilities301.3 5,020.3 — — 5,321.6 
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities1
— 611.2 32.9 — 644.1 
All Other Corporate Bonds3,985.2 21,562.1 123.4 — 25,670.7 
Redeemable Preferred Stocks— 3.6 — — 3.6 
Total Fixed Maturity Securities4,286.5 32,391.1 156.3 — 36,833.9 
Other Long-term Investments
Derivatives
Forwards
 47.5   47.5 
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps
 52.4   52.4 
Total Derivatives 99.9   99.9 
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities— 10.3 21.6 — 31.9 
Private Equity Partnerships— — — 1,326.2 1,326.2 
Total Other Long-term Investments— 110.2 21.6 1,326.2 1,458.0 
Total Financial Instrument Assets Carried at Fair Value$4,286.5 $32,501.3 $177.9 $1,326.2 $38,291.9 
Liabilities
Other Liabilities
Derivatives
Forwards
$ $78.0 $ $ $78.0 
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps
 38.2   38.2 
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement  1.5 — 1.5 
Total Derivatives 116.2 1.5  117.7 
Total Financial Instrument Liabilities Carried at Fair Value$— $116.2 $1.5 $— $117.7 
1Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, auto loans, and other asset types.
Changes in Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis using Significant Unobservable Inputs
Changes in assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) are as follows:
 Year Ended December 31, 2024
 Fair Value Beginning
of Year
Total Realized and
Unrealized Investment
Gains (Losses)
 Included in
PurchasesSales/MaturitiesLevel 3 TransfersFair Value End of
Year
Change in Unrealized
Gain (Loss) on
Securities Held at the
End of Period
included in
 EarningsOCIIntoOut ofOCIEarnings
(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
Public Utilities$— $(1.1)$1.3 $— $(20.4)$20.2 $— $— $— $— 
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities1
32.9 — 0.6 38.5 (2.6)4.1 — 73.5 0.6 
All Other Corporate Bonds123.4 (3.5)8.9 3.2 (329.8)318.1 (48.8)71.5 8.9 — 
Total Fixed Maturity Securities156.3 (4.6)10.8 41.7 (352.8)342.4 (48.8)145.0 9.5 — 
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities21.6 2.3 — 0.5 — — — 24.4 — 2.3 
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement(1.5)13.0 — — — — — 11.5 — 13.0 
 
Year Ended December 31, 2023
 Fair Value Beginning
of Year
Total Realized and
Unrealized Investment
Gains (Losses)
 Included in
PurchasesSales/MaturitiesLevel 3 TransfersFair Value End of
Year
Change in Unrealized
Gain (Loss) on
Securities Held at the
End of Period
included in
 EarningsOCIIntoOut ofOCIEarnings
(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions$0.2 $— $— $— $— $— $(0.2)$— $— $— 
Public Utilities— 0.1 (0.1)— (50.5)50.5 — — — — 
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities1
22.0 — (0.2)20.0 (0.5)0.4 (8.8)32.9 (0.2)— 
All Other Corporate Bonds158.7 (5.0)(15.8)1.5 (334.1)385.0 (66.9)123.4 (15.8)— 
Total Fixed Maturity Securities180.9 (4.9)(16.1)21.5 (385.1)435.9 (75.9)156.3 (16.0)— 
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities16.2 0.6 — 4.8 — — — 21.6 — 0.6 
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement(13.9)12.4 — — — — — (1.5)— 12.4 
1Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, auto loans, and other asset types.
Quantitative Information Regarding Significant Unobservable Inputs
The table below provides quantitative information regarding the significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements derived from internal models. Unobservable inputs for fixed maturity securities are weighted by the fair value of the securities. Certain securities classified as Level 3 are excluded from the table below due to limitations in our ability to obtain the underlying inputs used by external pricing sources.
December 31, 2024
Fair ValueValuation MethodUnobservable InputRange/Weighted Average
(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
All Other Corporate Bonds - Private$16.3 Market Approach
Volatility of Credit
Market Convention
(a)
(b)
5.00% - 5.00% / 5.00%
Priced at Par Value
Mortgage-Backed Securities/Asset-Backed Securities
21.2 Market Approach
Market Convention
(b)
Priced at Par Value
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities24.4 Market Approach
Market Convention
(b)
Priced at Cost, Owner's Equity, or Most Recent Round
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement11.5 Discounted Cash Flows
Projected Liability Cash Flows
Weighted Spread of Swap Curve
(c)
Actuarial Assumptions
(0.23)%
December 31, 2023
Fair ValueValuation MethodUnobservable InputRange/Weighted Average
(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
All Other Corporate Bonds - Private$15.9 Market Approach
Volatility of Credit
Market Convention
(a)
(b)

5.00% - 5.00% / 5.00%
Priced at Par Value
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities21.6 Market ApproachMarket Convention(b)Priced at Cost, Owner's Equity, or Most Recent Round
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement(1.5)Discounted Cash Flows
Projected Liability Cash Flows
Weighted Spread of Swap Curve
(c)

Actuarial Assumptions 0.2%

(a)Represents basis point adjustments for credit-specific factors
(b)Represents a decision to price based on par value, cost, owner's equity, or the price of the most recent capital funding round when limited data is available
(c)Represents various actuarial assumptions required to derive the liability cash flows. Fair value of embedded derivative is most often driven by the change in the weighted average credit spread to the swap curve for the assets backing the hypothetical loan
Carrying Amount and Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our financial instruments not measured at fair value and indicates the level in the fair value hierarchy of the estimated fair value measurement based on the observability of the inputs used:

December 31, 2024
Estimated Fair Value
Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalCarrying Value
(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Mortgage Loans$— $1,975.4 $— $1,975.4 $2,224.5 
Policy Loans— — 3,672.9 3,672.9 3,617.2 
Other Long-term Investments
Miscellaneous Long-term Investments— 26.7 0.2 26.9 26.9 
Total Financial Instrument Assets Not Carried at Fair Value$— $2,002.1 $3,673.1 $5,675.2 $5,868.6 
Liabilities
Long-term Debt$3,246.1 $43.2 $— $3,289.3 $3,465.2 
Other Liabilities
Unfunded Commitments— 0.2 — 0.2 0.2 
Payable for Collateral on FHLB Funding Agreements— 324.2 — 324.2 324.2 
Total Financial Instrument Liabilities Not Carried at Fair Value$3,246.1 $367.6 $— $3,613.7 $3,789.6 
December 31, 2023
Estimated Fair Value
Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalCarrying Value
(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Mortgage Loans$— $2,070.7 $— $2,070.7 $2,318.2 
Policy Loans— — 3,696.3 3,696.3 3,620.2 
Other Long-term Investments
Miscellaneous Long-term Investments— 15.7 0.3 16.0 16.0 
Total Financial Instrument Assets Not Carried at Fair Value$— $2,086.4 $3,696.6 $5,783.0 $5,954.4 
Liabilities
Long-term Debt$2,629.1 $598.8 $— $3,227.9 $3,430.4 
Other Liabilities
Unfunded Commitments— 0.2 — 0.2 0.2 
Payable for Collateral on FHLB Funding Agreements— 64.5 — 64.5 64.5 
Total Financial Instrument Liabilities Not Carried at Fair Value$2,629.1 $663.5 $— $3,292.6 $3,495.1 

The carrying values of financial instruments such as short-term investments, cash and bank deposits, accounts and premiums receivable, accrued investment income, securities lending agreements, and short-term debt approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of the instruments. As such, these financial instruments are not included in the above chart.
v3.25.0.1
Investments (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Amortized Cost and Fair Values of Securities by Security Type
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, all fixed maturity securities were classified as available-for-sale. The amortized cost and fair values of securities by security type are shown as follows:
 December 31, 2024
 
Amortized
Cost, Gross of ACL1
ACL1
Gross
Unrealized
Gain
Gross
Unrealized
Loss
Fair
Value
(in millions of dollars)
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities$544.6 $— $13.9 $28.0 $530.5 
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions3,795.6 — 65.5 569.7 3,291.4 
Foreign Governments912.1 — 9.5 153.5 768.1 
Public Utilities5,525.0 — 132.3 364.4 5,292.9 
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities2
949.4 — 5.0 37.2 917.2 
All Other Corporate Bonds26,535.2 2.8 450.6 2,160.8 24,822.2 
Redeemable Preferred Stocks8.0 — — 0.4 7.6 
Total Fixed Maturity Securities$38,269.9 $2.8 $676.8 $3,314.0 $35,629.9 

December 31, 2023
 
Amortized
Cost, Gross of ACL1
ACL1
Gross
Unrealized
Gain
Gross
Unrealized
Loss
Fair
Value
(in millions of dollars)
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities$618.6 $— $25.3 $19.1 $624.8 
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions4,041.3 — 135.3 498.2 3,678.4 
Foreign Governments982.1 — 29.8 121.2 890.7 
Public Utilities5,398.2 — 217.1 293.7 5,321.6 
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities2
658.0 — 10.1 24.0 644.1 
All Other Corporate Bonds26,708.4 2.2 771.8 1,807.3 25,670.7 
Redeemable Preferred Stocks4.0 — — 0.4 3.6 
Total Fixed Maturity Securities$38,410.6 $2.2 $1,189.4 $2,763.9 $36,833.9 
1 Allowance for Credit Losses
2Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, auto loans, and other asset types
Schedule of Unrealized Loss on Investments
The following charts indicate the length of time our fixed maturity securities have been in a gross unrealized loss position.

 December 31, 2024
 Less Than 12 Months12 Months or Greater
 Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Loss
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Loss
(in millions of dollars)
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities$43.7 $4.1 $201.3 $23.9 
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions425.8 15.3 1,926.2 554.4 
Foreign Governments171.9 10.6 266.3 142.9 
Public Utilities1,281.7 48.4 1,549.5 316.0 
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities1
199.9 8.9 285.9 28.3 
All Other Corporate Bonds4,904.4 182.5 12,209.3 1,978.3 
Redeemable Preferred Stocks3.9 0.1 3.7 0.3 
Total Fixed Maturity Securities$7,031.3 $269.9 $16,442.2 $3,044.1 

 December 31, 2023
 Less Than 12 Months12 Months or Greater
 Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Loss
Fair
Value
Gross
Unrealized
Loss
(in millions of dollars)
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities$118.8 $0.7 $197.3 $18.4 
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions128.0 4.0 2,035.1 494.2 
Foreign Governments149.9 3.3 312.9 117.9 
Public Utilities373.7 10.4 1,720.6 283.3 
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities1
60.3 2.5 316.7 21.5 
All Other Corporate Bonds1,483.8 26.8 14,215.2 1,780.5 
Redeemable Preferred Stocks— — 3.6 0.4 
Total Fixed Maturity Securities$2,314.5 $47.7 $18,801.4 $2,716.2 
1Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, auto loans, and other asset types
Distribution of the Maturity Dates for Fixed Maturity Securities
The following is a distribution of the maturity dates for fixed maturity securities. The maturity dates have not been adjusted for possible calls or prepayments.
 December 31, 2024
 
Amortized Cost, Net of ACL1
Unrealized Gain PositionUnrealized Loss Position
 Gross GainFair ValueGross LossFair Value
(in millions of dollars)
1 year or less$1,484.1 $4.1 $432.4 $6.2 $1,049.6 
Over 1 year through 5 years7,688.2 123.5 2,840.8 196.6 4,774.3 
Over 5 years through 10 years8,404.6 236.4 3,486.1 565.5 4,589.4 
Over 10 years19,740.8 307.8 4,965.7 2,508.5 12,574.4 
37,317.7 671.8 11,725.0 3,276.8 22,987.7 
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities2
949.4 5.0 431.4 37.2 485.8 
Total Fixed Maturity Securities$38,267.1 $676.8 $12,156.4 $3,314.0 $23,473.5 

 December 31, 2023
 
Amortized Cost, Net of ACL1
Unrealized Gain PositionUnrealized Loss Position
 Gross GainFair ValueGross LossFair Value
(in millions of dollars)
1 year or less$935.0 $0.9 $140.8 $7.5 $787.6 
Over 1 year through 5 years7,594.4 128.2 2,685.7 179.0 4,857.9 
Over 5 years through 10 years9,430.3 372.1 4,100.0 610.8 5,091.6 
Over 10 years19,790.7 678.1 8,524.4 1,942.6 10,001.8 
37,750.4 1,179.3 15,450.9 2,739.9 20,738.9 
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities2
658.0 10.1 267.1 24.0 377.0 
Total Fixed Maturity Securities$38,408.4 $1,189.4 $15,718.0 $2,763.9 $21,115.9 
1 Allowance for Credit Losses
2Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, auto loans, and other asset types
Distribution by External Credit Rating for Fixed Maturity Securities
The following chart depicts an analysis of our fixed maturity security portfolio between investment-grade and below-investment-grade categories as of December 31, 2024:
Gross Unrealized Loss
Fair ValueGross Unrealized GainAmountPercent of Total Gross Unrealized Loss
(in millions of dollars)
Investment-Grade$34,193.9 $661.8 $3,236.2 97.7 %
Below-Investment-Grade1,436.0 15.0 77.8 2.3 
Total Fixed Maturity Securities$35,629.9 $676.8 $3,314.0 100.0 %
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss
The following tables present a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities, which were classified as "all other corporate bonds" during the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Year Ended December 31
20242023
(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of period$2.2 $— 
Credit losses on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded2.8 2.2 
Change in allowance on securities with allowance recorded in previous period0.2 — 
Change in allowance due to securities sold during the period
(2.4)— 
Balance, end of period$2.8 $2.2 
Low Income Housing Tax Credits
The Company invests in tax credit partnerships primarily for the receipt of income tax credits and tax benefits derived from passive losses on the investments. Amounts recognized in the consolidated statements of income are as follows:
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Income Tax Credits$0.1 $1.1 $8.0 
Amortization, Net of Tax (0.5)(5.9)
Income Tax Benefit$0.1 $0.6 $2.1 
Mortgage Loans by Property Type and Geographic Region
The carrying amount of mortgage loans by property type and geographic region are presented below.
December 31
20242023
(in millions of dollars)
CarryingPercent ofCarryingPercent of
AmountTotalAmountTotal
Property Type
     Apartment$658.2 29.6 %$685.8 29.6 %
     Industrial690.4 31.0 706.0 30.5 
     Office338.4 15.2 379.9 16.4 
     Retail496.2 22.3 503.9 21.7 
Other41.3 1.9 42.6 1.8 
Total$2,224.5 100.0 %$2,318.2 100.0 %

Region
     New England$52.6 2.4 %$55.1 2.4 %
     Mid-Atlantic167.2 7.5 155.1 6.7 
     East North Central297.2 13.4 314.4 13.6 
     West North Central151.1 6.8 163.5 7.0 
     South Atlantic532.5 23.9 553.0 23.8 
     East South Central95.1 4.3 110.7 4.8 
     West South Central193.6 8.7 200.9 8.7 
     Mountain278.7 12.5 282.7 12.2 
     Pacific456.5 20.5 482.8 20.8 
Total$2,224.5 100.0 %$2,318.2 100.0 %
Schedule of Participating Mortgage Loans by Internal Credit Rating and Loan to Value
The following tables present information about mortgage loans by the applicable internal quality indicators:

December 31
20242023
(in millions of dollars)
Carrying AmountPercent of TotalCarrying AmountPercent of Total
Internal Mortgage Rating
AA$117.8 5.3 %$85.2 3.7 %
     A1,099.1 49.4 942.5 40.6 
     BBB915.5 41.2 1,249.5 53.9 
     BB85.0 3.8 41.0 1.8 
     B7.1 0.3 — — 
Total$2,224.5 100.0 %$2,318.2 100.0 %
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
     <= 65%$1,639.6 73.8 %$1,409.9 60.8 %
     > 65% <= 75%367.6 16.5 707.0 30.5 
     > 75% <= 85%152.3 6.8 136.5 5.9 
     > 85%65.0 2.9 64.8 2.8 
Total$2,224.5 100.0 %$2,318.2 100.0 %
1 Loan-to-Value Ratio utilizes the most recent internal valuation of the property
Mortgage Loans by Credit Quality Indicators
The following tables present the amortized cost of our mortgage loans by year of origination and internal quality indicators for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Year Ended December 31, 2024
Prior to 2020
20202021202220232024Total
(in millions of dollars)
Internal Mortgage Rating
AA$111.5 $— $6.4 $— $— $— $117.9 
A780.5 99.6 169.1 24.6 9.5 18.0 1,101.3 
BBB561.7 55.1 155.1 63.0 57.3 28.2 920.4 
BB86.8 — — — — — 86.8 
B14.2 — — — — — 14.2 
Total Amortized Cost1,554.7 154.7 330.6 87.6 66.8 46.2 2,240.6 
Allowance for credit losses(13.7)(0.5)(1.0)(0.3)(0.4)(0.2)(16.1)
Carrying Amount$1,541.0 $154.2 $329.6 $87.3 $66.4 $46.0 $2,224.5 
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%$1,229.6 $112.9 $210.0 $40.8 $38.7 $11.7 $1,643.7 
>65<=75%154.1 33.7 72.1 46.8 28.1 34.5 369.3 
>75%<=85%126.4 8.1 20.1 — — — 154.6 
>85%44.6 — 28.4 — — — 73.0 
Total Amortized Cost1,554.7 154.7 330.6 87.6 66.8 46.2 2,240.6 
Allowance for credit losses(13.7)(0.5)(1.0)(0.3)(0.4)(0.2)(16.1)
Carrying Amount$1,541.0 $154.2 $329.6 $87.3 $66.4 $46.0 $2,224.5 
1 Loan-to-Value Ratio utilizes the most recent internal valuation of the property
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Prior to 2019
20192020202120222023Total
(in millions of dollars)
Internal Mortgage Rating
AA$74.3 $11.0 $— $— $— $— $85.3 
A589.0 100.3 94.1 100.1 23.2 38.0 944.7 
BBB618.4 224.8 71.4 248.0 64.4 29.2 1,256.2 
BB42.2 — — — — — 42.2 
Total Amortized Cost1,323.9 336.1 165.5 348.1 87.6 67.2 2,328.4 
Allowance for credit losses(6.3)(1.3)(0.6)(1.0)(0.6)(0.4)(10.2)
Carrying Amount$1,317.6 $334.8 $164.9 $347.1 $87.0 $66.8 $2,318.2 
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%$908.3 $197.7 $116.4 $145.2 $16.2 $30.0 $1,413.8 
>65<=75%252.1 138.4 40.8 171.0 71.4 37.2 710.9 
>75%<=85%97.3 — 8.3 31.9 — — 137.5 
>85%66.2 — — — — — 66.2 
Total Amortized Cost1,323.9 336.1 165.5 348.1 87.6 67.2 2,328.4 
Allowance for credit losses(6.3)(1.3)(0.6)(1.0)(0.6)(0.4)(10.2)
Carrying Amount$1,317.6 $334.8 $164.9 $347.1 $87.0 $66.8 $2,318.2 
1 Loan-to-Value Ratio utilizes the most recent internal valuation of the property
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss
The following tables present a rollforward of allowance for expected credit losses by loan-to-value ratio for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

Year Ended December 31, 2024
Beginning of PeriodCurrent Period ProvisionsWrite-OffsRecoveriesEnd of Period
(in millions of dollars)
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%$3.8 $0.4 $— $— $4.2 
>65<=75%3.8 (2.1)— — 1.7 
>75%<=85%1.2 8.0 (7.0)— 2.2 
>85%1.4 6.6 — — 8.0 
Total$10.2 $12.9 $(7.0)$— $16.1 
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Beginning of PeriodCurrent Period ProvisionsWrite-OffsRecoveriesEnd of Period
(in millions of dollars)
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%$3.0 $0.8 $— $— $3.8 
>65<=75%4.7 (0.9)— — 3.8 
>75%<=85%1.1 0.1 — — 1.2 
>85%0.5 0.9 — — 1.4 
Total$9.3 $0.9 $— $— $10.2 
1 Loan-to-Value Ratio utilizes the most recent internal valuation of the property
Remaining Contractual Maturity of Securities Lending Agreements
The remaining contractual maturities of our securities lending agreements disaggregated by class of collateral pledged are as follows:

December 31
20242023
Overnight and Continuous
(in millions of dollars)
Borrowings
Public Utilities$5.2 $1.8 
Short-Term Investments
1.0 — 
All Other Corporate Bonds56.5 61.3 
Total Borrowings$62.7 $63.1 
Gross Amount of Recognized Liability for Securities Lending Transactions62.7 63.1 
Amounts Related to Agreements Not Included in Offsetting Disclosure Contained Herein$— $— 
Federal Home Loan Bank Common Stock Carrying Amounts, Amounts Posted, and Advances Received The carrying value of common stock owned, collateral posted, and advances received are as follows:
December 31
20242023
(in millions of dollars)
Carrying Value of FHLB Common Stock$26.7 $15.7 
Advances from FHLB324.2 64.5 
Carrying Value of Collateral Posted to FHLB
Fixed Maturity Securities$553.6 $589.0 
Commercial Mortgage Loans908.2 986.8 
Total Carrying Value of Collateral Posted to FHLB$1,461.8 $1,575.8 
Schedule of Financial Instrument and Derivative Offsetting
Shown below are our financial instruments that either meet the accounting requirements that allow them to be offset in our balance sheets or that are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement. Our accounting policy is to not offset these financial instruments in our balance sheets. Net amounts disclosed below have been reduced by the amount of collateral pledged to or received from our counterparties.
December 31, 2024
Gross AmountGross Amount Not
of RecognizedGross AmountNet AmountOffset in Balance Sheet
FinancialOffset inPresented inFinancialCashNet
InstrumentsBalance SheetBalance SheetInstrumentsCollateralAmount
(in millions of dollars)
Financial Assets:
Derivatives$79.4 $— $79.4 $(75.7)$(3.2)$0.5 
Securities Lending94.0 — 94.0 (31.3)(62.7)— 
Total$173.4 $— $173.4 $(107.0)$(65.9)$0.5 
Financial Liabilities:
Derivatives$255.7 $— $255.7 $(254.3)$— $1.4 
Securities Lending62.7 — 62.7 (62.7)— — 
Total$318.4 $— $318.4 $(317.0)$— $1.4 

December 31, 2023
Gross AmountGross Amount Not
of RecognizedGross AmountNet AmountOffset in Balance Sheet
FinancialOffset inPresented inFinancialCashNet
InstrumentsBalance SheetBalance SheetInstrumentsCollateralAmount
(in millions of dollars)
Financial Assets:
Derivatives$99.9 $— $99.9 $(91.9)$(6.4)$1.6 
Securities Lending72.0 — 72.0 (8.9)(63.1)— 
Total$171.9 $— $171.9 $(100.8)$(69.5)$1.6 
Financial Liabilities:
Derivatives$116.2 $— $116.2 $(109.4)$— $6.8 
Securities Lending63.1 — 63.1 (63.1)— — 
Total$179.3 $— $179.3 $(172.5)$— $6.8 
Net Investment Income
Net investment income reported in our consolidated statements of income is presented below.
 Year Ended December 31
 202420232022
 (in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities$1,860.4 $1,853.7 $1,849.8 
Derivatives30.7 45.1 57.8 
Mortgage Loans88.6 92.5 101.5 
Policy Loans20.9 20.8 20.0 
Other Long-term Investments
Perpetual Preferred Securities
0.3 2.5 5.0 
Private Equity Partnerships1
103.1 78.1 110.1 
Other12.0 9.2 9.4 
Short-term Investments90.9 68.7 20.0 
Gross Investment Income2,206.9 2,170.6 2,173.6 
Less Investment Expenses65.2 61.8 39.4 
Less Investment Income on Participation Fund Account Assets11.7 12.1 12.0 
Net Investment Income$2,130.0 $2,096.7 $2,122.2 

1The net unrealized gain recognized in net investment income for the year ended December 31, 2024 related to private equity partnerships still held at December 31, 2024 was $127.1 million, reduced by net management fees and partnership expenses of $(24.0) million. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the net unrealized gain recognized in net investment income related to private equity partnerships still held at year-end was $102.9 million and $124.1 million, respectively, reduced by net management fees and partnership expenses of $(24.8) million and $(14.0) million, respectively. See Note 2 for further discussion of private equity partnerships.
[1]
Realized Investment Gains and Losses Reported in Consolidated Statements of Income
Investment gains and losses are as follows:

 Year Ended December 31
 202420232022
 (in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
Gross Gains on Sales
$1.3 $4.4 $2.3 
Gross Losses on Sales(39.5)(53.1)(28.8)
Impairment Loss1
(2.5)— — 
Change in Allowance for Credit Losses
(3.0)(2.2)(4.6)
Mortgage Loans and Other Invested Assets
Gross Gains on Sales0.5 6.0 1.4 
Gross Losses on Sales— (1.0)— 
Impairment Loss
(7.0)(3.0)— 
Change in Allowance for Credit Losses(5.9)(0.9)(1.0)
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement13.0 12.4 16.2 
All Other Derivatives3.8 (0.6)2.6 
Other
9.2 — — 
Foreign Currency Transactions(4.5)2.0 (3.8)
Net Investment (Loss)
$(34.6)$(36.0)$(15.7)

1Includes write-down of securities that we intended to sell prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis.
[1] The net unrealized gain recognized in net investment income for the year ended December 31, 2024 related to private equity partnerships still held at December 31, 2024 was $127.1 million, reduced by net management fees and partnership expenses of $(24.0) million. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the net unrealized gain recognized in net investment income related to private equity partnerships still held at year-end was $102.9 million and $124.1 million, respectively, reduced by net management fees and partnership expenses of $(24.8) million and $(14.0) million, respectively. See Note 2 for further discussion of private equity partnerships.
v3.25.0.1
Derivative Financial Instruments (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Nature and Amount of Collateral Received From and Posted To Derivative Counterparty The table below summarizes the nature and amount of collateral received from and posted to our derivative counterparties.
December 31
20242023
(in millions of dollars)
Carrying Value of Collateral Received from Counterparties
Cash$3.6 $11.1 
Fixed Maturity Securities8.4 26.3 
$12.0 $37.4 
Carrying Value of Collateral Posted to Counterparties
Cash$4.0 $— 
Fixed Maturity Securities196.7 39.8 
$200.7 $39.8 
Fair Value Hedges Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets and Liabilities and Cumulative Basis Adjustments
The following tables summarize the amortized cost, carrying amount of hedged assets, and the related cumulative basis adjustments related to our fair value hedges:
December 31, 2024
(in millions of dollars)
Amortized Cost of Hedged Assets
Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets
Fixed maturity securities:
Receive fixed foreign currency interest, pay fixed foreign currency interest$648.4 $551.0 $(46.3)
December 31, 2023
(in millions of dollars)
Amortized Cost of Hedged Assets
Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets
Fixed maturity securities:
Receive fixed foreign currency interest, pay fixed foreign currency interest$636.9 $529.2 $(6.1)
Location and Fair Values of Derivative Financial Instruments
The following tables summarize the notional amounts and fair values of derivative financial instruments, as reported in our consolidated balance sheets. Derivative assets are included in other long-term investments, while derivative liabilities are included in other liabilities within our consolidated balance sheets. The notional amounts represent the basis upon which our counterparty pay and receive amounts are calculated.

 December 31, 2024
 Derivative AssetsDerivative Liabilities
 Notional
Amount
Fair
Value
Fair
Value
(in millions of dollars)
Designated as Hedging Instruments
Cash Flow Hedges
Forward Benchmark Interest Rate Locks$2,570.0 $3.4 $223.2 
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps139.1 17.6 1.1 
Total Cash Flow Hedges2,709.1 21.0 224.3 
Fair Value Hedges
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps736.4 54.7 15.0 
Total Designated as Hedging Instruments$3,445.5 $75.7 $239.3 
Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign Currency Forwards$51.1 $3.1 $— 
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps125.9 0.6 16.4 
Total Return Swaps128.9 — — 
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement— 11.5 — 
Total Not Designated as Hedging Instruments$305.9 $15.2 $16.4 
Total Derivatives$3,751.4 $90.9 $255.7 
 December 31, 2023
 Derivative AssetsDerivative Liabilities
 Notional
Amount
Fair
Value
Fair
Value
(in millions of dollars)
Designated as Hedging Instruments
Cash Flow Hedges
Forward Benchmark Interest Rate Locks$1,905.0 $44.5 $77.8 
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps149.5 14.2 4.5 
Total Cash Flow Hedges2,054.5 58.7 82.3 
Fair Value Hedges
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps642.5 38.2 16.7 
Total Designated as Hedging Instruments$2,697.0 $96.9 $99.0 
Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign Currency Forwards$52.5 $3.0 $0.2 
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps132.0 — 17.0 
Total Return Swaps102.2 — — 
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement— — 1.5 
Total Not Designated as Hedging Instruments$286.7 $3.0 $18.7 
Total Derivatives$2,983.7 $99.9 $117.7 
Location of Gains and Losses on Derivative Instruments Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments
The following tables summarize the location of gains and losses of derivative financial instruments designated as hedging instruments, as reported in our consolidated statements of income.
 Year Ended December 31, 2024
Net Investment IncomeNet Investment Gain (Loss)Interest and Debt Expense
 (in millions of dollars)
Total Income and Expense Presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income of Which Hedged Items are Recorded$2,130.0 $(34.6)$201.1 
Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Interest Rate Swaps:
Hedged items109.6 — 2.9 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments17.4 — — 
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Hedged items8.6 (0.4)— 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments0.7 0.4 — 
Forward Benchmark Interest Rate Locks:
Hedged items40.7 — — 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments(1.0)— — 
Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Hedged items17.1 (40.2)— 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments14.5 40.2 — 
 Year Ended December 31, 2023
Net Investment IncomeNet Investment Gain (Loss)Interest and Debt Expense
 (in millions of dollars)
Total Income and Expense Presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income of Which Hedged Items are Recorded$2,096.7 $(36.0)$194.8 
Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Interest Rate Swaps:
Hedged items198.6 0.8 2.9 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments35.2 — — 
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Hedged items9.6 0.4 — 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments— (0.4)— 
Forward Benchmark Interest Rate Locks:
Hedged items18.5 — — 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments(0.5)— — 
Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Hedged items14.5 18.7 — 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments11.1 (18.7)— 

 Year Ended December 31, 2022
Net Investment IncomeNet Investment Gain (Loss)Interest and Debt Expense
 (in millions of dollars)
Total Income and Expense Presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income of Which Hedged Items are Recorded$2,122.2 $(15.7)$188.5 
Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Interest Rate Swaps:
Hedged items200.0 — 2.9 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments51.0 — — 
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Hedged items12.3 (2.3)— 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments(0.8)1.8 — 
Forward Benchmark Interest Rate Locks:
Hedged items0.5 — — 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments— — — 
Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Hedged items11.6 (26.8)— 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments7.3 26.8 — 
Schedule of Cash Flow Hedges Included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table summarizes the location of gains and losses of derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedging instruments, as reported in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).
Year Ended December 31
 202420232022
 (in millions of dollars)
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Derivatives
Forward Benchmark Interest Rate Locks
$(213.8)$(22.5)$(49.8)
Foreign Exchange Contracts7.2 (4.3)7.4 
Total$(206.6)$(26.8)$(42.4)
Gains and Losses on Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
The following table summarizes the location of gains and losses on our derivatives not designated as hedging instruments, as reported in our consolidated statements of income.
 Year Ended December 31
 202420232022
 (in millions of dollars)
Net Investment Gain (Loss)
Foreign Exchange Contracts$3.8 $(0.6)$2.7 
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement13.0 12.4 16.2 
Total$16.8 $11.8 $18.9 
Other Expenses
(Gain) Loss on Total Return Swaps$(12.5)$(13.6)$18.9 
v3.25.0.1
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]  
Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Components of AOCI, after tax, and related changes are as follows:
Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities
Effect of Change in Discount Rate Assumptions on the LFPB1
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives
Foreign Currency Translation AdjustmentUnrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit CostsTotal
(in millions of dollars)
Balance at December 31, 2021$4,014.4 $(8,570.7)$61.8 $(274.1)$(396.0)$(5,164.6)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications(7,066.0)8,884.6 (30.4)(116.0)49.7 1,721.9 
Amounts Reclassified from AOCI
23.2 — (41.0)— 12.2 (5.6)
Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)(7,042.8)8,884.6 (71.4)(116.0)61.9 1,716.3 
Balance at December 31, 2022(3,028.4)313.9 (9.6)(390.1)(334.1)(3,448.3)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications1,069.3 (962.3)(37.4)69.0 (16.9)121.7 
Amounts Reclassified from AOCI
40.0 — (26.7)— 5.3 18.6 
Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)1,109.3 (962.3)(64.1)69.0 (11.6)140.3 
Balance at December 31, 2023(1,919.1)(648.4)(73.7)(321.1)(345.7)(3,308.0)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications(870.4)1,833.8 (184.4)(21.9)(7.4)749.7 
Amounts Reclassified from AOCI
34.3 — (12.6)— 12.9 34.6 
Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)(836.1)1,833.8 (197.0)(21.9)5.5 784.3 
Balance at December 31, 2024$(2,755.2)$1,185.4 $(270.7)$(343.0)$(340.2)$(2,523.7)
1Liability for Future Policy Benefits
Schedule of Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI were recognized in our consolidated statements of income as follows:
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities
Net Investment Loss on Fixed Maturity Securities
Net Loss on Sales$(38.2)$(48.7)$(24.8)
Impairment Loss(2.5)— — 
Change in Allowance for Credit Losses(3.0)(2.2)(4.6)
(43.7)(50.9)(29.4)
Income Tax Benefit(9.4)(10.9)(6.2)
Total$(34.3)$(40.0)$(23.2)
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives
Net Investment Income
Gain on Interest Rate Swaps and Forwards$16.4 $34.7 $51.1 
Loss on Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps (0.2)(0.5)(1.0)
Net Investment Gain (Loss)
Gain (Loss) on Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps(0.2)(0.4)1.8 
16.0 33.8 51.9 
Income Tax Expense3.4 7.1 10.9 
Total$12.6 $26.7 $41.0 
Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs
Other Expenses
Amortization of Net Actuarial Loss$(16.4)$(7.2)$(15.7)
Amortization of Prior Service Credit0.1 0.2 0.2 
(16.3)(7.0)(15.5)
Income Tax Benefit(3.4)(1.7)(3.3)
Total$(12.9)$(5.3)$(12.2)
v3.25.0.1
Financial Services, Insurance (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Insurance [Abstract]  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity
The following table presents balances as well as the changes in the liability for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products.
Consolidated
December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year$14,417.8$12,426.2 $15,881.3 
Beginning balance at original discount rate14,243.2 12,695.3 13,186.2 
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions73.0 1,499.2 (101.9)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(148.2)(82.5)(269.6)
Adjusted beginning of year balance14,168.014,112.012,814.7
Issuances1,075.31,054.9 877.5 
Interest accretion637.0584.0 566.0 
Net premiums collected(1,597.9)(1,537.4)(1,542.3)
Foreign currency(15.5)29.7(20.6)
Ending balance at original discount rate14,266.914,243.212,695.3
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(336.3)174.6 (269.1)
Balance, end of period$13,930.6$14,417.8$12,426.2
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year$52,423.6$48,929.4$65,305.0
Beginning balance at original discount rate51,305.7 49,689.0 50,397.2 
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions(248.5)1,702.0 (92.4)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(336.1)(310.8)(535.1)
Adjusted beginning of year balance50,721.151,080.249,769.7
Issuances1
3,082.03,072.23,194.5
Interest accretion2,253.12,227.22,236.2
Benefit payments(5,215.2)(5,236.1)(5,231.0)
Foreign currency(62.8)162.2(280.4)
Ending balance at original discount rate50,778.251,305.749,689.0
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(1,858.1)1,117.9 (759.6)
Balance, end of period$48,920.1$52,423.6$48,929.4
Net liability for future policy benefits$34,989.5$38,005.8$36,503.2
Other2
1,591.7 1,753.3 1,854.5 
Total liability for future policy benefits36,581.2 39,759.1 38,357.7 
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits7,038.7 7,756.1 8,128.2 
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable$29,542.5$32,003.0$30,229.5
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. For our Unum US group disability, Unum US group life and AD&D and Closed Block - All Other product lines and certain of our Unum International product lines, this line represents new claim incurrals.
2Other primarily relates to our Closed Block - All Other product line.
The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products presented in the rollforward activity above.

Consolidated
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments$10,107.5$9,690.7$9,391.8
Interest accretion$1,616.1$1,643.2$1,670.2

Consolidated
December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments$103,434.1$105,325.8$97,060.7
Expected future gross premiums$39,338.5$38,761.5$35,299.8
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums$25,929.1$25,552.9$23,827.2
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate4.9 %4.8 %4.8 %
Current discount rate5.3 %4.8 %5.0 %
Weighted average duration of the liability
11.4 years11.5 years10.9 years
The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Unum US segment.
December 31, 2024
Group DisabilityGroup Life and AD&DVoluntary BenefitsIndividual DisabilityTotal Unum US
(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year $— $— $1,134.7 $1,296.7 $2,431.4
Beginning balance at original discount rate— — 1,192.5 1,294.4 2,486.9
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions— — 41.5 (100.2)(58.7)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience— — (66.2)(3.4)(69.6)
Adjusted beginning of year balance1,167.81,190.82,358.6
Issuances— — 316.3168.7485.0
Interest accretion— — 39.451.691.0
Net premiums collected— — (188.2)(180.4)(368.6)
Ending balance at original discount rate1,335.31,230.72,566.0
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(95.1)(28.2)(123.3)
Balance, end of period$$$1,240.2$1,202.5$2,442.7
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year$5,147.4$922.0$2,334.5$3,348.6$11,752.5
Beginning balance at original discount rate5,277.1936.52,422.03,313.911,949.5
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions(76.4)(17.0)51.6(155.4)(197.2)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(168.9)(53.1)(68.0)(19.1)(309.1)
Adjusted beginning of year balance5,031.8866.42,405.63,139.411,443.2
Issuances1
1,093.2375.4339.3183.11,991.0
Interest accretion151.317.797.7149.1415.8
Benefit payments(1,368.8)(406.9)(228.0)(280.5)(2,284.2)
Ending balance at original discount rate4,907.5852.62,614.63,191.111,565.8
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(171.7)(17.4)(252.1)(94.6)(535.8)
Balance, end of period$4,735.8$835.2$2,362.5$3,096.5$11,030.0
Net liability for future policy benefits$4,735.8$835.2$1,122.3$1,894.0$8,587.3
Other0.40.82.826.430.4
Total liability for future policy benefits4,736.2836.01,125.11,920.48,617.7
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits26.45.313.0149.3194.0
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable$4,709.8$830.7$1,112.1$1,771.1$8,423.7
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. Issuances for Unum US group disability and Unum US group life and AD&D represents new claim incurrals.
December 31, 2023
Group DisabilityGroup Life and AD&DVoluntary BenefitsIndividual DisabilityTotal Unum US
(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year$$$868.2$1,202.9$2,071.1
Beginning balance at original discount rate937.91,228.12,166.0
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions180.75.0185.7
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(79.8)(10.4)(90.2)
Adjusted beginning of year balance1,038.81,222.72,261.5
Issuances288.6197.9486.5
Interest accretion29.048.277.2
Net premiums collected(163.9)(174.4)(338.3)
Ending balance at original discount rate1,192.51,294.42,486.9
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(57.8)2.3(55.5)
Balance, end of period$$$1,134.7$1,296.7$2,431.4
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year $5,533.3$972.6$1,999.5$3,192.8$11,698.2
Beginning balance at original discount rate5,793.1998.52,141.23,244.512,177.3
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions(100.2)170.17.977.8
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(204.0)(37.0)(90.9)(45.3)(377.2)
Adjusted beginning of year balance5,488.9961.52,220.43,207.111,877.9
Issuances1
1,094.5394.2303.7215.32,007.7
Interest accretion171.220.086.2164.7442.1
Benefit payments(1,477.5)(439.2)(188.3)(273.2)(2,378.2)
Ending balance at original discount rate5,277.1936.52,422.03,313.911,949.5
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(129.7)(14.5)(87.5)34.7(197.0)
Balance, end of period$5,147.4$922.0$2,334.5$3,348.6$11,752.5
Net liability for future policy benefits$5,147.4$922.0$1,199.8$2,051.9$9,321.1
Other0.21.02.627.831.6
Total liability for future policy benefits5,147.6923.01,202.42,079.79,352.7
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits30.77.214.0156.7208.6
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable$5,116.9$915.8$1,188.4$1,923.0$9,144.1
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. Issuances for Unum US group disability and Unum US group life and AD&D represents new claim incurrals.
December 31, 2022
Group DisabilityGroup Life and AD&DVoluntary BenefitsIndividual DisabilityTotal Unum US
(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year$$$1,124.8$1,494.3$2,619.1
Beginning balance at original discount rate1,032.31,279.62,311.9
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions(23.4)(73.7)(97.1)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(70.9)(25.2)(96.1)
Adjusted beginning of year balance938.01,180.72,118.7
Issuances136.2168.6304.8
Interest accretion29.149.878.9
Net premiums collected(165.4)(171.0)(336.4)
Ending balance at original discount rate937.91,228.12,166.0
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(69.7)(25.2)(94.9)
Balance, end of period$$$868.2$1,202.9$2,071.1
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year $6,725.7$1,124.1$2,697.3$4,017.3$14,564.4
Beginning balance at original discount rate6,158.31,058.32,201.83,253.312,671.7
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions(102.0)(32.9)(39.9)(53.4)(228.2)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(239.4)(34.3)(74.9)(36.0)(384.6)
Adjusted beginning of year balance5,816.9991.12,087.03,163.912,058.9
Issuances1
1,304.3444.1154.0181.42,083.8
Interest accretion210.524.586.1155.3476.4
Benefit payments(1,538.6)(461.2)(185.9)(256.1)(2,441.8)
Ending balance at original discount rate5,793.1998.52,141.23,244.512,177.3
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(259.8)(25.9)(141.7)(51.7)(479.1)
Balance, end of period$5,533.3$972.6$1,999.5$3,192.8$11,698.2
Net liability for future policy benefits$5,533.3$972.6$1,131.3$1,989.9$9,627.1
Other0.40.915.624.741.6
Total liability for future policy benefits5,533.7973.51,146.92,014.69,668.7
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits36.07.514.1193.6251.2
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable$5,497.7$966.0$1,132.8$1,821.0$9,417.5
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. Issuances for Unum US group disability and Unum US group life and AD&D represents new claim incurrals.
The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Unum US segment presented in the rollforward activity above.
Year Ended December 31, 2024
Group DisabilityGroup Life and AD&DVoluntary BenefitsIndividual DisabilityTotal Unum US
(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments$3,070.4$1,996.0$821.7$659.0$6,547.1
Interest accretion$151.3$17.7$58.3$97.5$324.8

Year Ended December 31, 2023
Group DisabilityGroup Life and AD&DVoluntary BenefitsIndividual DisabilityTotal Unum US
(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments$2,958.7$1,878.0$789.9$636.6$6,263.2
Interest accretion$171.2$20.0$57.2$116.5$364.9

Year Ended December 31, 2022
Group DisabilityGroup Life and AD&DVoluntary BenefitsIndividual DisabilityTotal Unum US
(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments$2,791.7$1,864.9$773.6$591.5$6,021.7
Interest accretion$210.5$24.5$57.0$105.5$397.5
December 31, 2024
Group DisabilityGroup Life and AD&DVoluntary BenefitsIndividual DisabilityTotal Unum US
(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments$5,953.3 $964.5$5,590.6 $5,112.9$17,621.3 
Expected future gross premiums$— $$5,799.1 $5,858.2$11,657.3 
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums$— $$3,815.4 $4,211.8 $8,027.2 
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate4.2 %2.3 %5.0 %5.1 %4.3%
Current discount rate4.9 %2.7 %5.5 %5.3 %4.9%
Weighted average duration of the liability4.2 years2.4 years18.3 years9.4 years7.1 years
December 31, 2023
Group DisabilityGroup Life and AD&DVoluntary BenefitsIndividual DisabilityTotal Unum US
(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments$6,376.6 $1,063.2$5,173.1 $5,313.7$17,926.6 
Expected future gross premiums$— $$5,450.6 $5,724.8$11,175.4 
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums$— $$3,717.5 $4,112.9 $7,830.4 
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate4.0 %2.2 %5.0 %5.1 %4.2%
Current discount rate4.6 %2.6 %4.9 %4.8 %4.5%
Weighted average duration of the liability4.3 years2.6 years18.1 years9.6 years7.0 years

December 31, 2022
Group DisabilityGroup Life and AD&DVoluntary BenefitsIndividual DisabilityTotal Unum US
(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments$6,988.1 $1,133.0$4,561.1 $5,168.2$17,850.4 
Expected future gross premiums$— $$3,979.6 $5,525.1$9,504.7 
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums$— $$2,939.1 $3,962.1 $6,901.2 
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate3.8 %2.2 %5.1 %5.1 %4.0%
Current discount rate4.9 %2.7 %5.2 %5.1 %4.7%
Weighted average duration of the liability4.4 years2.6 years17.8 years9.4 years6.8 years
The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Unum International segment.

December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year$270.3$197.1$260.5
Beginning balance at original discount rate298.4 246.8 258.1 
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions(5.9)(5.1)(0.3)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience19.9 17.1 5.6 
Adjusted beginning of year balance312.4258.8263.4
Issuances34.423.517.8
Interest accretion11.49.48.4
Net premiums collected(28.5)(23.0)(22.2)
Foreign currency(15.5)29.7(20.6)
Ending balance at original discount rate314.2298.4246.8
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(38.1)(28.1)(49.7)
Balance, end of period$276.1$270.3$197.1
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year$2,527.4$2,231.4$3,181.8
Beginning balance at original discount rate2,687.1 2,495.5 2,703.8 
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions0.1 17.7 (20.1)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(20.5)1.3 46.3 
Adjusted beginning of year balance2,666.72,514.52,730.0
Issuances1
379.0335.2327.7
Interest accretion67.963.564.9
Benefit payments(409.3)(388.3)(346.7)
Foreign currency(62.8)162.2(280.4)
Ending balance at original discount rate2,641.52,687.12,495.5
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(249.9)(159.7)(264.1)
Balance, end of period$2,391.6$2,527.4$2,231.4
Net liability for future policy benefits$2,115.5$2,257.1$2,034.3
Other40.7 36.1 28.9 
Total liability for future policy benefits2,156.2 2,293.2 2,063.2 
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits67.9 78.7 70.3 
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable$2,088.3$2,214.5$1,992.9
1Issuances for Unum International primarily represent new claim incurrals.
The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Unum International segment presented in the rollforward activity above.
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments$957.1$849.0$786.8
Interest accretion$56.5$54.1$56.5

December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments$4,258.2 $4,261.1 $3,905.4 
Expected future gross premiums$1,295.7 $1,196.6 $943.9 
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums$823.4 $778.6 $626.2 
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate4.1 %4.0 %4.0 %
Current discount rate5.1 %4.6 %5.0 %
Weighted average duration of the liability8.8 years8.6 years8.6 years
The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Colonial Life segment.

December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year$3,592.6$3,745.4$4,597.0
Beginning balance at original discount rate3,754.3 4,046.4 4,158.9 
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions(7.9)(322.7)(32.3)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(57.3)(53.5)(145.6)
Adjusted beginning of year balance3,689.13,670.23,981.0
Issuances555.9544.9554.9
Interest accretion132.8122.7129.7
Net premiums collected(584.0)(583.5)(619.2)
Ending balance at original discount rate3,793.83,754.34,046.4
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(240.5)(161.7)(301.0)
Balance, end of period$3,553.3$3,592.6$3,745.4
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year$5,566.0$5,581.1$7,054.8
Beginning balance at original discount rate5,925.2 6,163.9 6,201.5 
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions(52.7)(402.9)(85.9)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(92.2)(52.0)(191.3)
Adjusted beginning of year balance5,780.35,709.05,924.3
Issuances610.8605.9628.5
Interest accretion224.4211.3217.0
Benefit payments(589.3)(601.0)(605.9)
Ending balance at original discount rate6,026.25,925.26,163.9
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(591.3)(359.2)(582.8)
Balance, end of period$5,434.9$5,566.0$5,581.1
Net liability for future policy benefits$1,881.6$1,973.4$1,835.7
Other22.6 24.4 22.7 
Total liability for future policy benefits1,904.2 1,997.8 1,858.4 
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits0.9 1.8 1.1 
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable$1,903.3$1,996.0$1,857.3
The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Colonial Life segment presented in the rollforward activity above.

Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments$1,718.9$1,658.6$1,635.8
Interest accretion$91.6$88.6$87.3

December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments$10,409.4 $9,796.7 $10,011.9 
Expected future gross premiums$12,618.4 $11,903.1 $12,221.3 
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums$9,049.4 $8,702.2 $8,966.3 
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate4.4 %4.3 %4.3 %
Current discount rate5.5 %4.8 %5.2 %
Weighted average duration of the liability17.3 years17.0 years17.5 years
The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Closed Block segment.

December 31, 2024
Long-term CareAll OtherTotal Closed Block
(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year $8,123.5$$8,123.5
Beginning balance at original discount rate7,703.67,703.6
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions145.5145.5
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(41.2)(41.2)
Adjusted beginning of year balance7,807.97,807.9
Interest accretion401.8401.8
Net premiums collected(616.8)(616.8)
Ending balance at original discount rate7,592.97,592.9
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions65.665.6
Balance, end of period$7,658.5$$7,658.5
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year $24,697.7$7,880.0$32,577.7
Beginning balance at original discount rate22,649.38,094.630,743.9
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions(4.1)5.41.3
Effect of actual variances from expected experience68.317.485.7
Adjusted beginning of year balance22,713.58,117.430,830.9
Issuances1
101.2101.2
Interest accretion1,199.8345.21,545.0
Benefit payments(959.6)(972.8)(1,932.4)
Ending balance at original discount rate22,953.77,591.030,544.7
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions(28.5)(452.6)(481.1)
Balance, end of period$22,925.2$7,138.4$30,063.6
Net liability for future policy benefits$15,266.7$7,138.4$22,405.1
Other2
1.71,496.31,498.0
Total liability for future policy benefits15,268.48,634.723,903.1
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits4.26,771.76,775.9
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable$15,264.2$1,863.0$17,127.2
1Issuances for Closed Block - All Other represents new claim incurrals.
2Other for Closed Block - All Other primarily includes our closed block group pension products and certain of our ceded closed block individual life products.
December 31, 2023
Long-term CareAll OtherTotal Closed Block
(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year $6,412.6$$6,412.6
Beginning balance at original discount rate6,236.16,236.1
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions1,641.31,641.3
Effect of actual variances from expected experience44.144.1
Adjusted beginning of year balance7,921.57,921.5
Interest accretion374.7374.7
Net premiums collected(592.6)(592.6)
Ending balance at original discount rate7,703.67,703.6
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions419.9419.9
Balance, end of period$8,123.5$$8,123.5
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year$21,199.9$8,218.8$29,418.7
Beginning balance at original discount rate20,221.68,630.728,852.3
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions2,009.42,009.4
Effect of actual variances from expected experience113.14.0117.1
Adjusted beginning of year balance22,344.18,634.730,978.8
Issuances1
123.4123.4
Interest accretion1,151.4358.91,510.3
Benefit payments(846.2)(1,022.4)(1,868.6)
Ending balance at original discount rate22,649.38,094.630,743.9
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions2,048.4(214.6)1,833.8
Balance, end of period$24,697.7$7,880.0$32,577.7
Net liability for future policy benefits$16,574.2$7,880.0$24,454.2
Other2
23.11,638.11,661.2
Total liability for future policy benefits16,597.39,518.126,115.4
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits4.57,462.47,466.9
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable$16,592.8$2,055.7$18,648.5
1Issuances for Closed Block - All Other represents new claim incurrals.
2Other for Closed Block - All Other primarily includes our closed block group pension products and certain of our ceded closed block individual life products.
December 31, 2022
Long-term CareAll OtherTotal Closed Block
(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year $8,404.7$$8,404.7
Beginning balance at original discount rate6,457.36,457.3
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions27.827.8
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(33.5)(33.5)
Adjusted beginning of year balance6,451.66,451.6
Interest accretion349.0349.0
Net premiums collected(564.5)(564.5)
Ending balance at original discount rate6,236.16,236.1
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions176.5176.5
Balance, end of period$6,412.6$$6,412.6
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year$30,089.6$10,414.4$40,504.0
Beginning balance at original discount rate19,870.88,949.428,820.2
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions24.9216.9241.8
Effect of actual variances from expected experience(36.2)30.7(5.5)
Adjusted beginning of year balance19,859.59,197.029,056.5
Issuances1
154.5154.5
Interest accretion1,105.1372.81,477.9
Benefit payments(743.0)(1,093.6)(1,836.6)
Ending balance at original discount rate20,221.68,630.728,852.3
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions978.3(411.9)566.4
Balance, end of period$21,199.9$8,218.8$29,418.7
Net liability for future policy benefits$14,787.3$8,218.8$23,006.1
Other2
24.31,737.01,761.3
Total liability for future policy benefits14,811.69,955.824,767.4
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits5.77,799.87,805.5
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable$14,805.9$2,156.0$16,961.9
1Issuances for Closed Block - All Other represents new claim incurrals.
2Other for Closed Block - All Other primarily includes our closed block group pension products and certain of our ceded closed block individual life products.
The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Closed Block segment presented in the rollforward activity above.
Year Ended December 31, 2024
Long-term CareAll OtherTotal Closed Block
(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments$696.2$188.2$884.4
Interest accretion$798.0$345.2$1,143.2

Year Ended December 31, 2023
Long-term CareAll OtherTotal Closed Block
(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments$696.1$223.8$919.9
Interest accretion$776.7 $358.9$1,135.6

Year Ended December 31, 2022
Long-term CareAll OtherTotal Closed Block
(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments$697.5$250.0$947.5
Interest accretion$756.1 $372.8$1,128.9
December 31, 2024
Long-term CareAll OtherTotal Closed Block
(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments$60,051.5 $11,093.7$71,145.2 
Expected future gross premiums$13,767.1 $$13,767.1 
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums$8,029.1 $$8,029.1 
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate5.6 %4.6 %5.3 %
Current discount rate5.6 %5.4 %5.5 %
Weighted average duration of the liability15.7 years7.2 years12.9 years

December 31, 2023
Long-term CareAll OtherTotal Closed Block
(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments$61,447.7 $11,893.7$73,341.4 
Expected future gross premiums$14,486.4 $$14,486.4 
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums$8,241.7 $$8,241.7 
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate5.6 %4.6 %5.2 %
Current discount rate5.0 %4.9 %4.9 %
Weighted average duration of the liability16.4 years7.3 years13.2 years
December 31, 2022
Long-term CareAll OtherTotal Closed Block
(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments$52,544.0 $12,749.0$65,293.0 
Expected future gross premiums$12,629.9 $$12,629.9 
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums$7,333.5 $$7,333.5 
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate5.5 %4.6 %5.2 %
Current discount rate5.2 %5.1 %5.2 %
Weighted average duration of the liability15.5 years7.4 years12.4 years
A reconciliation of the liability for future policy benefits reflected in the preceding rollforwards to the related liability balances in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows:

December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Liability for future policy benefits
Unum US1
$8,617.7 $9,352.7 $9,668.7 
Unum International2,156.2 2,293.2 2,063.2 
Colonial Life1,904.2 1,997.8 1,858.4 
Closed Block1
23,903.1 26,115.4 24,767.4 
Other products1
225.2 250.3 219.4 
Total liability for future policy benefits$36,806.4 $40,009.4 $38,577.1 
1Unum US excludes the dental and vision product line and medical stop-loss products and Closed Block excludes our participating fund account, which represents policies issued by one of our subsidiaries prior to its 1986 conversion from a mutual stock life insurance company. The liabilities associated with these products are included within Other products.
Policyholder Account Balance
The following table presents the balances and changes in the policyholders' account balances:

December 31, 2024
Unum US - Voluntary BenefitsColonial LifeClosed Block - All Other Total
(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Balance, beginning of year    $578.6 $852.9 $4,082.7 $5,514.2 
Premiums received53.7 79.5 26.5 159.7 
Policy charges1
(56.8)(71.9)(101.4)(230.1)
Surrenders and withdrawals(30.9)(38.0)(12.4)(81.3)
Benefit payments(6.0)(7.8)(245.1)(258.9)
Interest credited20.8 34.1 300.6 355.5 
Other9.4 0.2 1.3 10.9 
Balance, end of period568.8 849.0 4,052.2 5,470.0 
Reserves in excess of account balance106.913.543.3163.7 
Total policyholders' account balances675.7 862.5 4,095.5 5,633.7 
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to policyholders' account balances0.84,095.54,096.3
Net policyholders' account balances, after reinsurance recoverable$674.9 $862.5 $— $1,537.4 
Weighted average crediting rate3.7%4.1%7.6%6.7%
Net amount at risk2
$4,132.2$8,201.1$1,725.0$14,058.3
Cash surrender value $559.0$819.8$4,031.3$5,410.1
1Contracts included in the policyholders' account balances are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.
2For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date.
December 31, 2023
Unum US - Voluntary BenefitsColonial LifeClosed Block - All OtherTotal
(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Balance, beginning of year    $586.8$852.4$4,159.4$5,598.6 
Premiums received58.584.931.7175.1 
Policy charges1
(60.4)(74.7)(107.2)(242.3)
Surrenders and withdrawals(33.3)(36.8)(18.8)(88.9)
Benefit payments(9.7)(7.2)(216.2)(233.1)
Interest credited22.234.2322.1378.5 
Other14.50.1(88.3)(73.7)
Balance, end of period578.6 852.9 4,082.7 5,514.2 
Reserves in excess of account balance99.516.937.1153.5 
Total policyholders' account balances678.1 869.8 4,119.8 5,667.7 
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to policyholders' account balances0.94,119.84,120.7
Net policyholders' account balances, after reinsurance recoverable$677.2$869.8$$1,547.0
Weighted average crediting rate3.9%4.1%8.0%7.0%
Net amount at risk2
$4,495.6$8,760.1$1,824.3$15,080.0 
Cash surrender value $566.9$813.5$4,062.3$5,442.7 
1Contracts included in the policyholders' account balances are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.
2For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date.
December 31, 2022
Unum US - Voluntary BenefitsColonial LifeClosed Block - All OtherTotal
(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Balance, beginning of year    $598.7$849.2$4,231.7$5,679.6 
Premiums received64.590.932.2187.6 
Policy charges1
(64.5)(78.0)(105.5)(248.0)
Surrenders and withdrawals(32.9)(36.2)(21.3)(90.4)
Benefit payments(10.7)(8.0)(292.8)(311.5)
Interest credited23.534.2311.5369.2 
Other8.20.33.612.1 
Balance, end of period586.8 852.4 4,159.4 5,598.6 
Reserves in excess of account balance92.916.732.0141.6 
Total policyholders' account balances679.7 869.1 4,191.4 5,740.2 
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to policyholders' account balances1.10.24,191.44,192.7
Net policyholders' account balances, after reinsurance recoverable$678.6$868.9$$1,547.5
Weighted average crediting rate4.0%4.1%7.6%6.7%
Net amount at risk2
$4,908.0$9,338.5$1,931.6$16,178.1 
Cash surrender value $583.3$800.9$4,045.9$5,430.1 
1Contracts included in the policyholders' account balances are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.
2For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date.
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate
The balance of the account values by range of guaranteed minimum crediting rates and the related range of difference, in basis points, between rates being credited to policyholders and the respective guaranteed minimums is as follows.

December 31, 2024
Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting RateAt Guaranteed Minimum1 Basis Point - 50 Basis Points Above51 Basis Points - 150 Basis Points AboveGreater than 150 Basis Points AboveTotal
(in millions of dollars)
Unum US - Voluntary Benefits
3.00% - 3.99%
$89.3$$$$89.3
4.00% - 4.99%
218.5195.035.1448.6
5.00% - 6.00%
30.930.9
338.7195.035.1568.8
Colonial Life
4.00% - 5.00%
842.76.3849.0
Closed Block - All Other
3.00% - 5.99%
1,280.2226.625.4— 1,532.2
6.00% - 8.99%
26.0— 26.0
9.00% - 11.99%
1,274.81,157.4— 2,432.2
12.00% - 15.00%
61.8— 61.8
2,581.01,445.825.44,052.2
Total$3,762.4$1,647.1$60.5$$5,470.0
December 31, 2023
Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting RateAt Guaranteed Minimum1 Basis Point - 50 Basis Points Above51 Basis Points - 150 Basis Points AboveGreater than 150 Basis Points AboveTotal
(in millions of dollars)
Unum US - Voluntary Benefits
3.00% - 3.99%
$91.9$$$$91.9
4.00% - 4.99%
227.1190.137.7454.9
5.00% - 6.00%
31.831.8
350.8190.137.7578.6
Colonial Life
4.00% - 5.00%
846.76.2852.9
Closed Block - All Other
3.00% - 5.99%
526.81,081.830.7— 1,639.3
6.00% - 8.99%
1.331.0— 32.3
9.00% - 11.99%
318.42,036.5— 2,354.9
12.00% - 15.00%
56.2— 56.2
846.53,205.530.74,082.7
Total$2,044.0$3,401.8$68.4$$5,514.2
December 31, 2022
Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting RateAt Guaranteed Minimum1 Basis Point - 50 Basis Points Above51 Basis Points - 150 Basis Points AboveGreater than 150 Basis Points AboveTotal
(in millions of dollars)
Unum US - Voluntary Benefits
3.00% - 3.99%
$94.4$$$$94.4
4.00% - 4.99%
274.5183.9458.4
5.00% - 6.00%
34.034.0
402.9183.9586.8
Colonial Life
4.00% - 5.00%
846.46.0852.4
Closed Block - All Other
3.00% - 5.99%
1,661.729.16.4— 1,697.2
6.00% - 8.99%
31.4— 31.4
9.00% - 11.99%
2,378.2— 2,378.2
12.00% - 15.00%
52.6— 52.6
4,123.929.16.44,159.4
Total$5,373.2$219.0$6.4$$5,598.6
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs by Segment
The following tables display the changes in DAC throughout the year:

December 31, 2024
Unum USUnum InternationalColonial LifeTotal
(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year$1,232.2$46.9$1,435.4$2,714.5
Capitalization320.917.8312.8651.5
Amortization expense(292.5)(9.5)(219.0)(521.0)
Foreign currency(2.2)(2.2)
Balance, end of year
$1,260.6$53.0$1,529.2$2,842.8

December 31, 2023
Unum USUnum InternationalColonial LifeTotal
(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year$1,185.1$37.0$1,337.9$2,560.0
Capitalization314.714.6302.9632.2
Amortization expense(267.6)(8.4)(205.4)(481.4)
Foreign currency3.73.7
Balance, end of year
$1,232.2$46.9$1,435.4$2,714.5

December 31, 2022
Unum USUnum InternationalColonial LifeTotal
(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year$1,152.9$36.4$1,238.1$2,427.4
Capitalization273.112.0271.8556.9
Amortization expense(240.9)(8.2)(172.0)(421.1)
Foreign currency(3.2)(3.2)
Balance, end of year
$1,185.1$37.0$1,337.9$2,560.0

December 31, 2024
Group DisabilityGroup Life and AD&DVoluntary BenefitsIndividual DisabilityDental and VisionTotal Unum US
(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year$63.6$48.9$610.6$497.8$11.3$1,232.2
Capitalization62.240.6120.283.414.5320.9
Amortization expense (64.7)(38.4)(116.5)(60.0)(12.9)(292.5)
Balance, end of year
$61.1$51.1$614.3$521.2$12.9$1,260.6
December 31, 2023
Group DisabilityGroup Life and AD&DVoluntary BenefitsIndividual DisabilityDental and VisionTotal Unum US
(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year$61.0$49.3$601.0$464.4$9.4$1,185.1
Capitalization60.2 38.6115.887.412.7314.7
Amortization expense(57.6)(39.0)(106.2)(54.0)(10.8)(267.6)
Balance, end of year
$63.6$48.9$610.6$497.8$11.3$1,232.2

December 31, 2022
Group DisabilityGroup Life and AD&DVoluntary BenefitsIndividual DisabilityDental and VisionTotal Unum US
(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year$60.9$53.9$588.6$441.8$7.7$1,152.9
Capitalization53.137.3100.072.010.7273.1
Amortization expense (53.0)(41.9)(87.6)(49.4)(9.0)(240.9)
Balance, end of year
$61.0$49.3$601.0$464.4$9.4$1,185.1
v3.25.0.1
Income Tax (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Total income tax expense (benefit) is allocated as follows:
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Net Income$472.2 $356.3 $342.8 
Stockholders' Equity - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Change in Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities
(226.6)300.6 (1,890.8)
Change in the Effect of Discount Rate Assumptions on the Liability for Future Policy and Contract Benefits, Net of Reinsurance
488.9 (256.5)2,385.1 
Change in Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives
(51.5)(17.0)(19.2)
Change in Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment1.1 0.9 (0.1)
Change in Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs12.0 (2.7)18.9 
Total$696.1 $381.6 $836.7 
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
A reconciliation of the income tax provision at the U.S. federal statutory rate to the income tax rate as reported in our consolidated statements of income is as follows:
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
Statutory Income Tax21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
Policyholder Reserves0.3 (0.6)(1.7)
Other Items, Net(0.3)1.3 0.3 
Effective Tax21.0 %21.7 %19.6 %
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
Our net deferred tax asset consists of the following. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current presentation.

December 31
20242023
(in millions of dollars)
Deferred Tax Asset
Invested Assets$593.2 $354.5 
Reserves
— 462.6 
Employee Benefits
146.3 161.9 
Other
36.8 35.8 
Gross Deferred Tax Asset776.3 1,014.8 
Less: Valuation Allowance
12.1 11.0 
Net Deferred Tax Asset764.2 1,003.8 
Deferred Tax Liability
Deferred Acquisition Costs
167.0 175.1 
Reserves85.9 — 
Cost of Reinsurance
110.4 119.7 
Other
62.2 86.6 
Gross Deferred Tax Liability425.5 381.4 
Net Deferred Tax Asset
$338.7 $622.4 
Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign
Our consolidated statements of income include amounts subject to both domestic and foreign taxation. The income and related tax expense (benefit) are as follows:

Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Income Before Tax
   Domestic$2,129.5 $1,506.2 $1,596.8 
   Foreign121.8 133.9 153.2 
   Total$2,251.3 $1,640.1 $1,750.0 
Current Tax Expense (Benefit)
   Federal$393.1 $440.4 $306.5 
   State and Local(8.5)(2.5)12.7 
   Foreign47.5 14.1 154.3 
   Total432.1 452.0 473.5 
Deferred Tax Expense (Benefit)
   Federal59.8 (106.2)42.7 
   State and Local(0.6)(1.5)1.1 
   Foreign(19.1)12.0 (174.5)
   Total40.1 (95.7)(130.7)
Total Tax Expense$472.2 $356.3 $342.8 
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward
Our consolidated statements of income include the following changes in unrecognized tax benefits.

December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Balance at Beginning of Year$156.7 $177.4 $198.8 
Decreases for Tax Positions Related to Prior Years(20.7)(20.7)(21.0)
Lapse of the Applicable Statute of Limitations— — (0.4)
Balance at End of Year136.0 156.7 177.4 
Less Tax Attributable to Temporary Items Included Above(21.2)(42.4)(63.5)
Total Unrecognized Tax Benefits That if Recognized Would Affect the Effective Tax Rate$114.8 $114.3 $113.9 
v3.25.0.1
Debt (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Debt
Debt consists of the following:

December 31
20242023
Interest RatesMaturities(in millions of dollars)
Long-term Debt
Outstanding Principal
   Senior Notes issued 19986.750 - 7.250%2028$335.8 $335.8 
   Senior Notes issued 20027.375%203239.5 39.5 
   Senior Notes issued 2012 and 20165.750%2042500.0 500.0 
Senior Notes issued 20153.875%2025— 275.0 
   Senior Notes issued 20194.000%2029400.0 400.0 
   Senior Notes issued 20194.500%2049450.0 450.0 
   Senior Notes issued 20214.125%2051600.0 600.0 
   Senior Notes issued 20244.046%2041400.0 — 
   Senior Notes issued 20246.000%2054400.0 — 
   Medium-term Notes issued 1990 - 19967.190%202818.5 18.5 
   Junior Subordinated Debt Securities issued 19987.405%2038189.7 189.7 
   Junior Subordinated Debt Securities issued 20186.250%2058300.0 300.0 
Term Loan issued 2022Variable2027— 350.0 
Unamortized Net Premium (Discount)
(131.3)2.5 
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs(37.0)(30.6)
Total Long-term Debt$3,465.2 $3,430.4 
Short-term Debt
Outstanding Principal
   Senior Notes issued 20153.875%2025275.0 — 
   Unamortized Net Discount
(0.2)— 
   Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs
(0.2)— 
Total Short-term Debt274.6 — 
Total Debt$3,739.8 $3,430.4 
v3.25.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Schedule of Changes in Projected Benefit Obligations and Fair Value of Plan Assets
The following table provides the changes in the benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets and the funded status of the plans.
 Pension Benefits  
 U.S. PlansU.K. PlanOPEB
 202420232024202320242023
(in millions of dollars)
Change in Benefit Obligation
Benefit Obligation at Beginning of Year$1,575.3 $1,585.5 $172.3 $157.9 $79.0 $83.9 
Service Cost9.2 9.2 — — — — 
Interest Cost82.9 87.9 7.6 7.7 4.0 4.5 
Plan Participant Contributions— — — — 0.1 0.1 
Actuarial Loss (Gain) (1)
(57.7)61.0 (19.3)3.8 (1.5)(0.5)
Benefits and Expenses Paid(91.1)(168.3)(5.9)(5.7)(8.8)(9.0)
Change in Foreign Exchange Rates— — (2.6)8.6 — — 
Benefit Obligation at End of Year $1,518.6 $1,575.3 $152.1 $172.3 $72.8 $79.0 
Accumulated Benefit Obligation at December 31$1,518.6 $1,575.3 $152.1 $172.3 N/AN/A
Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets
Fair Value of Plan Assets at Beginning of Year$1,295.9 $1,308.3 $145.4 $140.5 $8.2 $8.5 
Actual Return on Plan Assets27.1 145.6 (12.1)3.1 0.1 — 
Employer Contributions9.7 10.3 — — 8.3 8.6 
Plan Participant Contributions— — — — 0.1 0.1 
Benefits and Expenses Paid(91.1)(168.3)(5.9)(5.7)(8.8)(9.0)
Change in Foreign Exchange Rates— — (2.1)7.5 — — 
Fair Value of Plan Assets at End of Year$1,241.6 $1,295.9 $125.3 $145.4 $7.9 $8.2 
Underfunded Status
$277.0 $279.4 $26.8 $26.9 $64.9 $70.8 

(1) The actuarial gains recognized in 2024 for the U.S., U.K., and OPEB plans were driven by increases in the discount rate assumption. The actuarial losses recognized in 2023 for the U.S. and U.K. plans were driven by decreases in the discount rate assumption. Also contributing to the actuarial loss for the U.K. plan in 2023 was unfavorable plan experience resulting from a higher than expected rate of inflation. The actuarial gain recognized in 2023 for the OPEB plan was driven by favorable plan experience, mostly offset by a decrease in the discount rate assumption.
Schedule of Amounts Recognized in Balance Sheet
The amounts recognized in our consolidated balance sheets for our pension and OPEB plans at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows.

 Pension Benefits  
 U.S. PlansU.K. PlanOPEB
 202420232024202320242023
(in millions of dollars)
Current Liability$9.4 $9.1 $— $— $0.7 $0.7 
Noncurrent Liability267.6 270.3 26.8 26.9 64.2 70.1 
Underfunded Status
$277.0 $279.4 $26.8 $26.9 $64.9 $70.8 
Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs
   Net Actuarial Gain (Loss)$(496.0)$(510.2)$(91.7)$(95.0)$21.2 $21.2 
   Prior Service Credit (Cost)(0.5)(0.6)(0.2)(0.2)2.1 2.3 
(496.5)(510.8)(91.9)(95.2)23.3 23.5 
   Income Tax200.1 211.2 21.4 22.2 3.4 3.4 
Total Included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)$(296.4)$(299.6)$(70.5)$(73.0)$26.7 $26.9 
Schedule of Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table provides the changes recognized in other comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
 Pension Benefits  
 U.S. PlansU.K. PlanOPEB
 202420232024202320242023
(in millions of dollars)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) at Beginning of Year$(299.6)$(304.9)$(73.0)$(64.4)$26.9 $35.2 
Net Actuarial Gain (Loss)
Amortization14.6 15.2 2.9 2.5 (1.1)(10.5)
All Other Changes(0.4)(7.6)0.4 (13.8)1.1 0.1 
Prior Service Credit (Cost)
Amortization0.1 — — — (0.2)(0.2)
Change in Income Tax(11.1)(2.3)(0.8)2.7 — 2.3 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) at End of Year$(296.4)$(299.6)$(70.5)$(73.0)$26.7 $26.9 
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Category
The categorization of fair value measurements by input level for the invested assets in our U.S. plans is shown below. The carrying values of investment-related receivables and payables approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of the securities and are not included in the following chart. Investments valued using NAV as a practical expedient are not required to be categorized by input level, but these investments are included as follows to reconcile to total invested assets.

 December 31, 2024
 Quoted Prices
in Active Markets
for Identical Assets (Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
NAV as a Practical
Expedient
Total
(in millions of dollars)
Invested Assets
Equity Securities:
Global$52.5 $— $— $372.3 $424.8 
Fixed Income Securities:
U.S. Government and Agencies1
234.5 (16.1)— — 218.4 
Corporate— — — 124.1 124.1 
Non-U.S. Emerging Markets— — — 32.4 32.4 
Opportunistic Credits— — — 139.6 139.6 
Real Estate— — — 166.1 166.1 
Alternative Investments:
Private Equity Direct Investments— — — 63.1 63.1 
Private Equity Funds of Funds— — — 35.2 35.2 
Cash Equivalents17.2 — — — 17.2 
Total Invested Assets$304.2 $(16.1)$— $932.8 $1,220.9 
1 U.S. Government and Agencies Fixed Income Securities includes derivative liabilities.
 December 31, 2023
 Quoted Prices
in Active 
Markets for 
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant 
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
NAV as a Practical
Expedient
Total
(in millions of dollars)
Invested Assets
Equity Securities:
Global$55.0 $— $— $390.8 $445.8 
Fixed Income Securities:
U.S. Government and Agencies1
215.9 40.8 — — 256.7 
Corporate— — — 130.0 130.0 
Non-U.S. Emerging Markets— — — 27.9 27.9 
Opportunistic Credits— — — 150.6 150.6 
Real Estate— — — 162.8 162.8 
Alternative Investments:
Private Equity Direct Investments— — — 68.5 68.5 
Private Equity Funds of Funds— — — 40.7 40.7 
Cash Equivalents16.0 — — — 16.0 
Total Invested Assets$286.9 $40.8 $— $971.3 $1,299.0 
1 U.S. Government and Agencies Fixed Income Securities includes derivative assets.
The categorization of fair value measurements by input level for the invested assets in our U.K. plan is shown below. Investments valued using NAV as a practical expedient are not required to be categorized by input level, but these investments are included as follows to reconcile to total invested assets.

 December 31, 2024
 Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
Significant 
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
NAV as a Practical
Expedient
Total
(in millions of dollars)
Invested Assets
Diversified Growth Assets$25.6 $— $9.8 $35.4 
Fixed Income and Index-linked Securities50.5 — — — 50.5 
Alternative Investments— — — 34.5 34.5 
Cash Equivalents5.3 — — — 5.3 
Total Invested Assets$81.4 $— $— $44.3 $125.7 

 December 31, 2023
 Quoted Prices
in Active 
Markets for 
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant 
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
NAV as a Practical
Expedient
Total
(in millions of dollars)
Invested Assets
Diversified Growth Assets$28.1 $— $— $5.9 $34.0 
Fixed Income and Index-linked Securities75.3 — — — 75.3 
Alternative Investments— — — 34.8 34.8 
Cash Equivalents1.3 — — — 1.3 
Total Invested Assets$104.7 $— $— $40.7 $145.4 
The categorization of fair value measurements by input level for the assets in our OPEB plan is as follows:

 December 31, 2024
 Quoted Prices
in Active Markets
for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Life Insurance Contracts$— $— $7.9 $7.9 

December 31, 2023
 Quoted Prices
in Active Markets
for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Total
(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Life Insurance Contracts$— $— $8.2 $8.2 
Schedule of Effect of Significant Unobservable Inputs, Changes in Plan Assets
Changes in our OPEB plan assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

 Year Ended December 31, 2024
 Beginning
of Year
Actual Return on Plan AssetsContributionsNet Benefits and Expenses PaidEnd of Year
 
(in millions of dollars)
Life Insurance Contracts$8.2 $0.1 $8.4 $(8.8)$7.9 

 Year Ended December 31, 2023
 Beginning
of Year
Actual Return on Plan AssetsContributionsNet Benefits and Expenses PaidEnd of Year
 
(in millions of dollars)
Life Insurance Contracts$8.5 $— $8.7 $(9.0)$8.2 
Schedule of Assumptions Used
We use a December 31 measurement date for each of our plans. The weighted average assumptions used in the measurement of our benefit obligations as of December 31 and our net periodic benefit costs for the years ended December 31 are as follows:

 Pension Benefits  
 U.S. PlansU.K. PlanOPEB
 202420232024202320242023
Benefit Obligations
   Discount Rate5.80 %5.40 %5.50 %4.50 %5.80 %5.40 %
   Rate of Compensation IncreaseN/AN/A2.50 %2.40 %N/AN/A
Net Periodic Benefit Cost
   Discount Rate5.40 %5.70 %4.50 %4.80 %5.40 %5.70 %
   Expected Return on Plan Assets7.25 %7.25 %6.50 %6.70 %5.75 %5.75 %
   Rate of Compensation IncreaseN/AN/A2.40 %2.50 %N/AN/A
Schedule of Net Benefit Costs
The following table provides the components of the net periodic benefit cost (credit) for the years ended December 31.
 Pension Benefits  
 U.S. PlansU.K. PlanOPEB
 202420232022202420232022202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Service Cost$9.2 $9.2 $7.7 $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Interest Cost82.9 87.9 67.2 7.6 7.7 5.0 4.0 4.5 3.0 
Expected Return on Plan Assets(91.3)(92.0)(105.9)(8.4)(8.5)(10.9)(0.4)(0.5)(0.5)
Amortization of:
   Net Actuarial Loss (Gain)14.6 15.2 16.3 2.9 2.5 0.4 (1.1)(10.5)(1.0)
   Prior Service Cost (Credit)
0.1 — — — — — (0.2)(0.2)(0.2)
Total Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit)$15.5 $20.3 $(14.7)$2.1 $1.7 $(5.5)$2.3 $(6.7)$1.3 
Schedule of Expected Benefit Payments
The following table provides expected benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate.
 U.S. PlansU.K. PlanOPEB
 (in millions of dollars)
Year
Pension Benefits
GrossSubsidy PaymentsNet
2025$87.7 $5.9 $8.8 $— $8.8 
202691.9 6.1 8.4 — 8.4 
202795.8 6.2 8.0 — 8.0 
202899.2 6.4 7.6 — 7.6 
2029102.2 6.6 7.2 — 7.2 
2030-2034545.1 35.3 30.2 0.1 30.1 
v3.25.0.1
Stockholders' Equity and Earnings Per Common Share (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Stockholders' Equity and Earnings Per Common Share [Abstract]  
Schedule of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share
Net income per common share is determined as follows:

 Year Ended December 31
 202420232022
 (in millions of dollars, except share data)
Numerator
Net Income$1,779.1 $1,283.8 $1,407.2 
Denominator (000s)
Weighted Average Common Shares - Basic187,497.7 196,659.7 200,647.2 
Dilution for Assumed Exercises of Nonvested Stock Awards571.5 942.3 1,462.2 
Weighted Average Common Shares - Assuming Dilution188,069.2 197,602.0 202,109.4 
Net Income Per Common Share
Basic$9.49 $6.53 $7.01 
Assuming Dilution$9.46 $6.50 $6.96 
Treasury Stock Transactions
Our board of directors has authorized the following repurchase programs:

February 2025 Authorization
July 2024 Authorization1
October 2023 Authorization2
December 2022 Authorization3
October 2021 Authorization
(in millions)
Effective Date
April 1, 2025August 1, 2024January 1, 2024January 1, 2023October 25, 2021
Expiration Date
NoneMarch 31, 2025July 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Authorized Repurchase Amount
$1,000.0 $1,000.0 $500.0 $250.0 $250.0 
Cost of Shares Repurchased Under Repurchase Program
— 506.8 464.2 250.0 250.0 
Unused and Expired
— — 35.8 — — 
Remaining Repurchase Amount at December 31, 2024
Not yet effective
$493.2 $— $— $— 
1Concurrent with the announcement of the February 2025 repurchase program, we also announced the termination of the July 2024 program as of March 31, 2025, and any unused amounts under that program will expire as of that date.
2Concurrent with the announcement of the July 2024 repurchase program, we also announced the termination of the October 2023 program as of July 31, 2024, and all unused amounts under that program expired as of that date.
3In February 2023, the December 2022 program was modified to increase the authorized repurchase amount from $200.0 million to $250.0 million.

In August 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act was signed into law in the U.S. and imposed a one percent excise tax on corporate stock repurchases effective January 1, 2023. This excise tax is recorded as part of the cost basis of treasury stock and is assessed on the fair market value of stock repurchases reduced by the fair market value of any shares issued during the period.
Common stock repurchases, which are accounted for using the cost method and classified as treasury stock until otherwise retired, were as follows:
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions)
Shares Repurchased15.7 5.7 5.7 
Cost of Shares Repurchased1
$979.3 $252.0 $200.1 

1 Includes $80.3 million related to shares which settled in February 2025 in connection with the November 2024 accelerated share repurchase agreement (ASR), a de minimis amount of commissions for the year ended December 31, 2024, and $0.1 million of commissions for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Also includes $8.3 million and $1.9 million of excise tax for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There were no excise taxes during the year ended December 31, 2022.

As a part of our share repurchase program, we periodically enter into ASRs. Under the terms of these agreements, we make a prepayment to a financial counterparty for which we receive an initial delivery of approximately 75 percent of the total Unum Group common stock to be delivered under the agreement. We simultaneously enter into a forward contract indexed to the price of Unum Group common stock, which subjects the transactions to a future price adjustment. Under the terms of the agreements, we are to receive, or be required to pay, a price adjustment based on the volume weighted average price of Unum Group common stock during the term of the agreement, less a discount. Any price adjustment payable to us is settled in shares of Unum Group common stock. Any price adjustment we would be required to pay may be settled in either cash or common stock at our option. Details of our ASRs are as follows:

Prepayment DatePrepayment AmountInitial Share DeliveryForward Contract Settlement DateShares Delivered to Settle Forward Contract
(in millions)
November 2024
$321.03.8
February 20251
0.7
October 2024$150.01.9
December 2024
0.3
July 2024
$150.02.2
September 2024
0.6
April 2024$125.01.7June 20240.7
January 2024$100.01.6March 20240.5
July 2023$50.00.8September 20230.2
February 2022
$50.01.3
April 2022
0.4
1The final price adjustment settlement, along with the delivery of the remaining shares, occurred in February 2025, resulting in the delivery to us of 0.7 million additional shares. As a result of the final settlement occurring subsequent to December 31, 2024, we recorded a decrease to additional paid-in capital within stockholders' equity on our consolidated balance sheet for the value of the shares held back by the counterparty as of December 31, 2024, which was reclassified to treasury stock in the first quarter of 2025 in connection with the final settlement of the agreement.

In December 2023, we retired 115.0 million shares of our treasury stock with a total cost of $3,642.5 million.
v3.25.0.1
Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Valuation Assumptions on PSU Grants
The fair value of PSUs is estimated on the date of initial grant using the Monte-Carlo simulation model. Key assumptions used to value PSUs granted during 2020 are as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2020
Expected Volatility (based on our and our peer group historical daily stock prices)23 %
Expected Life (equals the performance period)3 years
Risk Free Interest Rate (based on U.S. Treasury yields at the date of grant)0.85 %
Activity for CIUs
Activity for CIUs, which are classified as a liability, is as follows:
Units
(000s)
Outstanding at December 31, 2023
17,028 
Granted
16,187 
Vested(13,442)
Forfeited(3,318)
Outstanding at December 31, 2024
16,455 
Schedule of Cash-based Payment Award, Cash-incentive Units, Valuation Assumptions
The fair value of CIUs is estimated at each reporting period using the Monte-Carlo simulation model. Key assumptions used to value CIUs granted are as follows:
Assumptions as of the Year Ended December 31, 2024
2024 Grant2023 Grant
Expected Volatility (based on our and our peer group historical daily stock prices)30 %30 %
Expected Life (equals the performance period)2 years1 year
Risk Free Interest Rate (based on U.S. Treasury yields at the date of grant)4.25 %4.19 %

Assumptions as of the Year Ended December 31, 2023
2023 Grant2022 Grant
Expected Volatility (based on our and our peer group historical daily stock prices)30 %27 %
Expected Life (equals the performance period)2 years1 year
Risk Free Interest Rate (based on U.S. Treasury yields at the date of grant)4.26 %4.75 %

Assumptions as of the Year Ended December 31, 2022
2022 Grant2021 Grant
Expected Volatility (based on our and our peer group historical daily stock prices)30 %33 %
Expected Life (equals the performance period)2 years1 year
Risk Free Interest Rate (based on U.S. Treasury yields at the date of grant)4.26 %4.60 %
Activity for Restricted Stock Units
Activity for RSUs, which are classified as equity, is as follows:
Weighted Average
SharesGrant Date
(000s)Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 20231,213 $35.51 
Granted825 49.57 
Vested(906)37.88 
Forfeited(145)40.71 
Outstanding at December 31, 2024987 44.31 
Schedule of Compensation Cost for Share-based Payment Arrangements
Compensation expense for the stock based plans, as reported in our consolidated statements of income, is as follows:
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Performance Share Units$— $0.3 $5.7 
Cash Incentive Units12.4 21.7 12.8 
Restricted Stock Units and Cash-Settled Restricted Stock Units34.5 40.6 32.7 
Stock Success Units0.1 0.9 0.9 
Other0.8 0.6 0.6 
Total Compensation Expense, Before Income Tax$47.8 $64.1 $52.7 
Total Compensation Expense, Net of Income Tax$41.6 $57.5 $47.3 
v3.25.0.1
Reinsurance (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Reinsurance Disclosures [Abstract]  
Effects of Reinsurance
Reinsurance activity related to our premium income, policy benefits, and policy benefits remeasurement gain are as follows:
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Direct Premium Income$10,732.1 $10,286.8 $9,893.6 
Reinsurance Assumed69.8 80.4 78.7 
Reinsurance Ceded(304.5)(321.2)(355.8)
Net Premium Income$10,497.4 $10,046.0 $9,616.5 
Direct Policy Benefits
$8,027.9 $8,001.8 $8,205.3 
Reinsurance Assumed
152.5 138.7 135.1 
Reinsurance Ceded
(700.2)(828.6)(798.3)
Net Policy Benefits
$7,480.2 $7,311.9 $7,542.1 
Direct Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Gain
$(546.8)$(49.2)$(372.5)
Reinsurance Assumed
2.2 (0.1)36.4 
Reinsurance Ceded
(17.7)(5.5)(211.4)
Net Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Gain
$(562.3)$(54.8)$(547.5)
v3.25.0.1
Segment Information (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Premium Income by Major Line of Business within Each Segment
Segment information is shown below.

Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Premium Income
Unum US
Group Disability
Group Long-term Disability$2,086.1 $2,057.2 $1,911.7 
Group Short-term Disability1,084.0 1,012.3 926.3 
Group Life and Accidental Death & Dismemberment
Group Life1,784.7 1,679.0 1,669.1 
Accidental Death & Dismemberment186.1 175.5 173.7 
Supplemental and Voluntary
Voluntary Benefits879.2 850.1 833.7 
Individual Disability566.0 527.0 461.1 
Dental and Vision297.1 278.1 275.8 
6,883.2 6,579.2 6,251.4 
Unum International
Unum UK
Group Long-term Disability418.0 396.1 376.9 
Group Life211.3 169.3 138.2 
Supplemental165.6 141.5 114.0 
Unum Poland154.6 118.3 89.7 
949.5 825.2 718.8 
Colonial Life
Accident, Sickness, and Disability969.5 946.1 948.9 
Life458.0 426.5 401.1 
Cancer and Critical Illness356.4 353.5 352.0 
1,783.9 1,726.1 1,702.0 
Closed Block
Long-term Care696.1 696.0 697.4 
All Other184.7 219.5 246.9 
880.8 915.5 944.3 
Total Premium Income$10,497.4 $10,046.0 $9,616.5 
Selected Operating Statement Data by Segment
Year Ended December 31, 2024
Unum USUnum InternationalColonial LifeClosed BlockCorporateTotal
(in millions of dollars)
Premium Income$6,883.2 $949.5 $1,783.9 $880.8 $— $10,497.4 
Net Investment Income632.2 128.8 161.5 1,148.9 58.6 2,130.0 
Other Income235.9 1.6 4.0 51.7 1.3 294.5 
Adjusted Operating Revenue$7,751.3 $1,079.9 $1,949.4 $2,081.4 $59.9 $12,921.9 
Adjusted Policy Benefits1
$4,246.5 $693.6 $885.4 $1,629.6 $— $7,455.1 
Adjusted Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Loss (Gain)2
(238.2)(44.4)(34.7)112.4 — (204.9)
Commissions729.3 82.5 378.4 68.4 — 1,258.6 
Interest and Debt Expense— — — — 201.1 201.1 
Deferral of Acquisition Costs
(320.9)(17.8)(312.8)— — (651.5)
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs292.5 9.5 219.0 — — 521.0 
Other Segment Items3
1,602.9 198.7 347.4 133.2 50.0 2,332.2 
Adjusted Benefits and Expenses
$6,312.1 $922.1 $1,482.7 $1,943.6 $251.1 $10,911.6 
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)$1,439.2 $157.8 $466.7 $137.8 $(191.2)$2,010.3 
1Excludes the impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance in the Closed Block segment.
2Excludes the reserve assumption updates for each reportable segment, except for the Corporate segment, that occurred during the third quarter.
3Excludes the amortization of the cost of reinsurance in the Closed Block segment and the loss on legal settlement in the Corporate segment. For each reportable segment, other segment items includes compensation, other personnel expenses, taxes, licenses and fees, depreciation, intangible asset amortization and other expenses. Depreciation and intangible asset amortization during 2024 was $85.0 million, $17.9 million, $15.1 million, $5.4 million, and $0.1 million for our Unum US, Unum International, Colonial Life, Closed Block and Corporate segments, respectively.
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Unum USUnum InternationalColonial LifeClosed BlockCorporateTotal
(in millions of dollars)
Premium Income$6,579.2 $825.2 $1,726.1 $915.5 $— $10,046.0 
Net Investment Income639.9 137.2 153.5 1,066.3 99.8 2,096.7 
Other Income220.5 1.6 1.2 52.6 3.3 279.2 
Adjusted Operating Revenue$7,439.6 $964.0 $1,880.8 $2,034.4 $103.1 $12,421.9 
Adjusted Policy Benefits1
$4,221.2 $581.4 $877.1 $1,597.4 $— $7,277.1 
Adjusted Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Loss (Gain)2
(283.9)(19.5)1.7 69.7 — (232.0)
Commissions664.4 72.5 359.4 73.8 — 1,170.1 
Interest and Debt Expense— — — — 194.8 194.8 
Deferral of Acquisition Costs(314.7)(14.6)(302.9)— — (632.2)
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs267.6 8.4 205.4 — — 481.4 
Other Segment Items3
1,529.5 177.7 340.0 128.6 54.7 2,230.5 
Adjusted Benefits and Expenses
$6,084.1 $805.9 $1,480.7 $1,869.5 $249.5 $10,489.7 
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)$1,355.5 $158.1 $400.1 $164.9 $(146.4)$1,932.2 
1Excludes the impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance in the Closed Block segment.
2Excludes the reserve assumption updates for each reportable segment, except for the Corporate segment, that occurred during the third quarter.
3Excludes the amortization of the cost of reinsurance in the Closed Block segment. For each reportable segment, other segment items includes compensation, other personnel expenses, taxes, licenses and fees, depreciation, intangible asset amortization and other expenses. Depreciation and intangible asset amortization during 2023 was $76.3 million, $14.6 million, $13.6 million, $5.2 million and $0.6 million for our Unum US, Unum International, Colonial Life, Closed Block and Corporate segments, respectively.
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Unum USUnum InternationalColonial LifeClosed BlockCorporateTotal
(in millions of dollars)
Premium Income$6,251.4 $718.8 $1,702.0 $944.3 $— $9,616.5 
Net Investment Income676.3 170.1 152.7 1,070.6 52.5 2,122.2 
Other Income196.3 0.9 1.1 58.0 4.8 261.1 
Adjusted Operating Revenue$7,124.0 $889.8 $1,855.8 $2,072.9 $57.3 $11,999.8 
Adjusted Policy Benefits1
$4,429.6 $521.6 $926.6 $1,620.5 $— $7,498.3 
Adjusted Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Loss (Gain)2
(287.9)35.6 (45.3)2.8 — (294.8)
Commissions614.4 56.3 340.0 75.7 — 1,086.4 
Interest and Debt Expense— — — — 192.7 192.7 
Deferral of Acquisition Costs(273.1)(12.0)(271.8)— — (556.9)
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs240.9 8.2 172.0 — — 421.1 
Other Segment Items3
1,427.5 146.1 321.4 122.0 28.9 2,045.9 
Adjusted Benefits and Expenses
$6,151.4 $755.8 $1,442.9 $1,821.0 $221.6 $10,392.7 
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)
$972.6 $134.0 $412.9 $251.9 $(164.3)$1,607.1 
1Excludes the impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance in the Closed Block segment.
2Excludes the reserve assumption updates for each reportable segment, except for the Corporate segment, that occurred during the third quarter and the impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance in the Closed Block segment.
3Excludes the amortization of the cost of reinsurance in the Closed Block segment. For each reportable segment, other segment items includes compensation, other personnel expenses, taxes, licenses and fees, depreciation, intangible asset amortization and other expenses. Depreciation and intangible asset amortization during 2022 was $75.7 million, $14.4 million, $15.0 million, $4.7 million, and $0.6 million for our Unum US, Unum International, Colonial Life, Closed Block and Corporate segments, respectively.
Assets by Segment
December 31
20242023
(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Unum US$14,981.6 $15,561.1 
Unum International3,291.3 3,372.9 
Colonial Life4,964.2 4,830.4 
Closed Block33,376.0 35,272.8 
Corporate5,346.2 4,218.0 
Total Assets$61,959.3 $63,255.2 
Reconciliation of Total Revenue and Income Before Income Tax to Adjusted Operating Revenue and Adjusted Operating Income
A reconciliation of total revenue to "adjusted operating revenue" and income before income tax to "adjusted operating income" is as follows:
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Total Revenue$12,887.3 $12,385.9 $11,984.1 
Excluding:
Net Investment Loss(34.6)(36.0)(15.7)
Adjusted Operating Revenue$12,921.9 $12,421.9 $11,999.8 
Income Before Income Tax$2,251.3 $1,640.1 $1,750.0 
Excluding:
Net Investment Loss(34.6)(36.0)(15.7)
Amortization of the Cost of Reinsurance(41.4)(44.1)(50.3)
Non-Contemporaneous Reinsurance
(25.1)(34.8)(34.4)
Reserve Assumption Updates357.4 (177.2)243.3 
Loss on Legal Settlement(15.3)— — 
Adjusted Operating Income$2,010.3 $1,932.2 $1,607.1 
v3.25.0.1
Leases (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]  
Lease, Cost
Operating lease information is as follows:
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Lease Cost
Operating Lease Cost$17.3 $16.4 $19.6 
Sublease Income(1.7)(1.5)(1.1)
Total Lease Cost$15.6 $14.9 $18.5 
Other Information
Cash Paid for Amounts Included in the Measurement of Lease Liabilities$20.7 $20.3 $23.1 
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term5 years5 years6 years
Weighted-Average Discount Rate5.19 %4.85 %4.32 %
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity
As of December 31, 2024, aggregate undiscounted minimum lease payments and the reconciliation to our lease liability are as follows (in millions of dollars):

2025$17.4 
202615.9 
202713.6 
202812.4 
202911.1 
2030 and Thereafter11.1 
Total81.5 
Less Imputed Interest12.1 
Lease Liability$69.4 
v3.25.0.1
Statutory Financial Information (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Statutory Financial Information [Abstract]  
Statutory Earnings and Surplus
The operating results and capital and surplus of our traditional U.S. life insurance subsidiaries and our captive reinsurer, prepared in accordance with prescribed or permitted accounting practices of the NAIC or states of domicile, are presented separately below.
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Combined Net Income (Loss)
Traditional U.S. Life Insurance Subsidiaries$1,322.4 $1,329.9 $965.4 
Captive Reinsurer
$662.2 $(318.3)$(432.2)
Combined Net Gain (Loss) from Operations, After Tax
Traditional U.S. Life Insurance Subsidiaries$1,337.0 $1,351.5 $965.4 
Captive Reinsurer
$660.3 $(279.4)$(428.6)

December 31
20242023
(in millions of dollars)
Combined Capital and Surplus
Traditional U.S. Life Insurance Subsidiaries$3,909.7 $3,751.3 
Captive Reinsurer
$1,931.6 $1,534.9 
v3.25.0.1
Schedule II Condensed Financial Information of Registrant (Tables) - Parent Company
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions  
Condensed Balance Sheet of Parent Company
BALANCE SHEETS
December 31
20242023
(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Fixed Maturity Securities - at fair value (amortized cost: $545.0; $656.2)
$497.4 $596.1 
Other Long-term Investments32.7 27.0 
Short-term Investments1,397.5 970.9 
Investment in Subsidiaries12,982.0 11,663.6 
Deferred Income Tax122.5 118.1 
Other Assets620.0 593.6 
Total Assets$15,652.1 $13,969.3 
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Liabilities
Short-term Debt
$274.6 $— 
Long-term Debt3,465.2 3,430.4 
Pension and Postretirement Benefits341.9 350.2 
Other Liabilities609.3 537.3 
Total Liabilities4,691.0 4,317.9 
Stockholders' Equity
Common Stock, $0.10 par
Authorized: 725,000,000 shares
Issued: 195,460,723 and 194,588,625 shares
19.5 19.4 
Additional Paid-in Capital1,489.6 1,547.8 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
(2,523.7)(3,308.0)
Retained Earnings12,914.0 11,431.5 
Treasury Stock - at cost: 16,871,752 and 1,216,528 shares
(938.3)(39.3)
Total Stockholders' Equity10,961.1 9,651.4 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity$15,652.1 $13,969.3 
Condensed Income Statement of Parent Company
STATEMENTS OF INCOME
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Cash Dividends from Subsidiaries$1,378.7 $1,581.1 $1,306.6 
Non-Cash Dividends from Subsidiaries33.0 — 23.0 
Other Income100.5 90.3 81.8 
Total Revenue1,512.2 1,671.4 1,411.4 
Interest and Debt Expense201.1 194.8 188.5 
Cost Related to Early Retirement of Debt— — 4.2 
Other Expenses70.8 54.2 35.6 
Total Expenses271.9 249.0 228.3 
Income of Parent Company Before Income Tax1,240.3 1,422.4 1,183.1 
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)(33.7)(9.5)14.7 
Income of Parent Company1,274.0 1,431.9 1,168.4 
Equity in Undistributed Earnings (Loss) of Subsidiaries505.1 (148.1)238.8 
Net Income1,779.1 1,283.8 1,407.2 
Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax
784.3 140.3 1,716.3 
Comprehensive Income
$2,563.4 $1,424.1 $3,123.5 
Condensed Cash Flow Statement of Parent Company
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Cash Provided by Operating Activities$1,358.2 $1,548.0 $1,250.2 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Proceeds from Sales and Maturities of Fixed Maturity Securities378.0 97.1 192.1 
Proceeds from Sales and Maturities of Other Investments25.1 23.9 7.4 
Purchase of Fixed Maturity Securities(3.0)(44.5)(102.7)
Purchase of Other Investments(16.1)(23.4)(32.0)
Net Purchases of Short-term Investments
(375.4)(104.4)(209.6)
Cash Distributions to Subsidiaries(40.2)(854.5)(540.2)
Net Purchases of Property and Equipment(91.1)(113.1)(94.0)
Cash Used by Investing Activities(122.7)(1,018.9)(779.0)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Short-term Debt Repayment— (2.0)— 
Issuance of Long-term Debt391.6 — 349.2 
Long-term Debt Repayment(350.0)— (364.0)
Cost Related to Early Retirement of Debt— — (3.6)
Issuance of Common Stock6.0 5.2 4.0 
Repurchase of Common Stock(972.9)(250.1)(200.1)
Dividends Paid to Stockholders(296.5)(277.1)(254.2)
Other, Net(9.9)— 0.7 
Cash Used by Financing Activities(1,231.7)(524.0)(468.0)
Increase in Cash$3.8 $5.1 $3.2 
v3.25.0.1
Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Integer
$ / shares
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
$ / shares
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle      
Number of Operating Segments | Integer 3    
Premium Income $ 10,497.4 $ 10,046.0 $ 9,616.5
Commissions 1,258.6 1,170.1 1,086.4
Ceded Policy Loans 3,313.6 3,322.5  
Premium Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss 26.8 29.5  
Premiums Receivable, Gross 584.1 612.4  
Premium Receivable, Credit Loss Expense (Reversal) (2.7) (3.0)  
Accumulated Depreciation for Property and Equipment 1,501.3 1,422.8  
Value of Business Acquired 55.1 63.9  
Accumulated Amortization of Value of Business Acquired 165.5 161.8  
Amortization of Value of Business Acquired 6.2 5.2 4.9
Prepaid Reinsurance Premiums 508.0 549.4  
Deferred Gain on Reinsurance 4.9 8.8  
Reinsurance Recoverable, Allowance for Credit Loss 1.5 1.7  
Premium Tax Expense 194.5 183.5 $ 169.3
Participation Fund Account Assets (PFA) $ 231.3 $ 244.4  
Basic Earnings Per Share | $ / shares $ 9.49 $ 6.53 $ 7.01
Diluted Earnings Per Share | $ / shares $ 9.46 $ 6.50 $ 6.96
Net Income $ 1,779.1 $ 1,283.8 $ 1,407.2
Change in Accounting Method Accounted for as Change in Estimate      
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle      
Premium Income     (13.4)
Commissions     $ (1.0)
Basic Earnings Per Share | $ / shares     $ 0.05
Diluted Earnings Per Share | $ / shares     $ 0.05
Net Income     $ (9.8)
v3.25.0.1
Fair Values of Financial Instruments Private Equity Partnerships (Details) - Private Equity Funds - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share    
Alternative Investments $ 1,450.6 $ 1,326.2
Alternative Investments, Unfunded Commitments 768.5 803.1
Private Credit    
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share    
Alternative Investments 289.2 283.6
Alternative Investments, Unfunded Commitments 129.2 136.8
Private Credit | Not Redeemable    
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share    
Alternative Investments [1] 236.9 239.1
Alternative Investments, Unfunded Commitments 118.9 128.2
Private Credit | Quarterly [Member]    
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share    
Alternative Investments 52.3 44.5
Alternative Investments, Unfunded Commitments 10.3 8.6
Private Equity Limited Partnership    
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share    
Alternative Investments 640.2 571.9
Alternative Investments, Unfunded Commitments 409.2 427.2
Private Equity Limited Partnership | Not Redeemable    
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share    
Alternative Investments [2] 604.1 543.9
Alternative Investments, Unfunded Commitments 398.2 410.6
Private Equity Limited Partnership | Quarterly after 5.5 year lock with 90 days notice [Member]    
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share    
Alternative Investments 36.1 28.0
Alternative Investments, Unfunded Commitments 11.0 16.6
Real Assets    
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share    
Alternative Investments 521.2 470.7
Alternative Investments, Unfunded Commitments 230.1 239.1
Real Assets | Not Redeemable    
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share    
Alternative Investments [3] 486.6 437.5
Alternative Investments, Unfunded Commitments 230.1 239.1
Real Assets | Quarterly [Member]    
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share    
Alternative Investments 34.6 33.2
Alternative Investments, Unfunded Commitments $ 0.0 $ 0.0
[1] Private Credit - The limited partnerships described in this category employ various investment strategies, generally providing direct lending or other forms of debt financing including first-lien, second-lien, mezzanine, and subordinated loans. The limited partnerships have credit exposure to corporates, physical assets, and/or financial assets within a variety of industries (including manufacturing, healthcare, energy, business services, technology, materials, and retail) in North America and, to a lesser extent, outside of North America.  As of December 31, 2024, the estimated remaining life of the investments that do not allow for redemptions is approximately 78 percent in the next 3 years, 12 percent during the period from 3 to 5 years, and 10 percent during the period from 5 to 10 years.
[2] Private Equity - The limited partnerships described in this category employ various strategies generally investing in controlling or minority control equity positions directly in companies and/or assets across various industries (including manufacturing, healthcare, energy, business services, technology, materials, and retail), primarily in private markets within North America and, to a lesser extent, outside of North America.  As of December 31, 2024, the estimated remaining life of the investments that do not allow for redemptions is approximately 36 percent in the next 3 years, 27 percent during the period from 3 to 5 years, 36 percent during the period from 5 to 10 years, and 1 percent during the period from 10 to 15 years.
[3] Real Assets - The limited partnerships described in this category employ various strategies, which include investing in the equity and/or debt financing of physical assets, including infrastructure (energy, power, water/wastewater, communications), transportation (including airports, ports, toll roads, aircraft, railcars) and real estate in North America, Europe, South America, and Asia.  As of December 31, 2024, the estimated remaining life of the investments that do not allow for redemptions is approximately 36 percent in the next 3 years, 26 percent during the period from 3 to 5 years, and 38 percent during the period from 5 to 10 years.
v3.25.0.1
Fair Value Measurements by Input Level (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities $ 35,629.9 $ 36,833.9
Derivative Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Other Long-term Investments Other Long-term Investments
Derivative Assets $ 90.9 $ 99.9
Equity Securities 24.5 31.9
Other Long-term Investments 1,694.4 1,579.4
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure $ 37,195.9 $ 38,291.9
Liabilities    
Derivative Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Other Liabilities Other Liabilities
Derivative Liabilities $ 255.7 $ 117.7
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure 255.7 117.7
Forwards    
Liabilities    
Derivative Liabilities 223.2 78.0
Foreign Exchange Contracts    
Liabilities    
Derivative Liabilities 32.5 38.2
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement    
Assets    
Derivative Assets 11.5  
Liabilities    
Derivative Liabilities   1.5
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring    
Assets    
Other Long-term Investments 1,566.0 1,458.0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 4,180.5 4,286.5
Equity Securities 0.0 0.0
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure 4,180.5 4,286.5
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement    
Assets    
Derivative Assets 0.0  
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 31,304.4 32,391.1
Derivative Assets 79.4 99.9
Equity Securities 0.1 10.3
Other Long-term Investments 79.5 110.2
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure 31,383.9 32,501.3
Liabilities    
Derivative Liabilities 255.7 116.2
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure 255.7 116.2
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Forwards    
Liabilities    
Derivative Liabilities 223.2 78.0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Foreign Exchange Contracts    
Liabilities    
Derivative Liabilities 32.5 38.2
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement    
Assets    
Derivative Assets 0.0  
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 145.0 156.3
Derivative Assets 11.5  
Equity Securities 24.4 21.6
Other Long-term Investments 35.9 21.6
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure 180.9 177.9
Liabilities    
Derivative Liabilities   1.5
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure   1.5
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement    
Assets    
Derivative Assets 11.5  
Liabilities    
Derivative Liabilities   1.5
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 0.0 0.0
Equity Securities 0.0 0.0
Other Long-term Investments 1,450.6 1,326.2
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure 1,450.6 1,326.2
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share | Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement    
Assets    
Derivative Assets 0.0  
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 530.5 624.8
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 77.9 0.0
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 452.6 624.8
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 0.0 0.0
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 0.0 0.0
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 3,291.4 3,678.4
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 0.0 0.0
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 3,291.4 3,678.4
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 0.0 0.0
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 0.0 0.0
Foreign Governments    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 768.1 890.7
Foreign Governments | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 0.0 0.0
Foreign Governments | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 768.1 890.7
Foreign Governments | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 0.0 0.0
Foreign Governments | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 0.0 0.0
Public Utilities    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 5,292.9 5,321.6
Public Utilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 174.5 301.3
Public Utilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 5,118.4 5,020.3
Public Utilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 0.0 0.0
Public Utilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 0.0 0.0
Mortgage/Asset-backed Securities    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities [1] 917.2 644.1
Mortgage/Asset-backed Securities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 0.0 0.0
Mortgage/Asset-backed Securities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 843.7 611.2
Mortgage/Asset-backed Securities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 73.5 32.9
Mortgage/Asset-backed Securities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 0.0 0.0
All Other Corporate Bonds    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 24,822.2 25,670.7
All Other Corporate Bonds | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 3,928.1 3,985.2
All Other Corporate Bonds | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 20,822.6 21,562.1
All Other Corporate Bonds | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 71.5 123.4
All Other Corporate Bonds | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 0.0 0.0
Redeemable Preferred Stocks    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 7.6 3.6
Redeemable Preferred Stocks | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 0.0 0.0
Redeemable Preferred Stocks | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 7.6 3.6
Redeemable Preferred Stocks | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 0.0 0.0
Redeemable Preferred Stocks | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share    
Assets    
Fixed Maturity Securities 0.0 0.0
Forwards    
Assets    
Derivative Assets 6.5 47.5
Forwards | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Assets    
Derivative Assets 6.5 47.5
Foreign Exchange Contracts    
Assets    
Derivative Assets 72.9 52.4
Foreign Exchange Contracts | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Assets    
Derivative Assets 72.9 52.4
Private Equity Funds    
Assets    
Alternative Investments 1,450.6 1,326.2
Private Equity Funds | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Assets    
Alternative Investments 0.0 0.0
Private Equity Funds | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Assets    
Alternative Investments 0.0 0.0
Private Equity Funds | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Assets    
Alternative Investments 0.0 0.0
Private Equity Funds | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share    
Assets    
Alternative Investments $ 1,450.6 $ 1,326.2
[1]
2Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, auto loans, and other asset types
v3.25.0.1
Changes in Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement    
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation    
Derivatives Measured with Unobservable Inputs, Beginning Balance $ (1.5) $ (13.9)
Derivative Liability Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings 13.0 12.4
Derivative Liability Gain (Loss) Included in OCI 0.0 0.0
Derivative Purchases 0.0 0.0
Derivative Sales 0.0 0.0
Derivative Transfers Into Level 3 0.0 0.0
Derivative Transfers Out of Level 3 0.0 0.0
Derivatives Measured with Unobservable Inputs, Ending Balance 11.5 (1.5)
Fair Value, Asset (Liability), Recurring Basis, Still Held, Unrealized Gain (Loss), OCI 0.0 0.0
Fair Value, Net Derivative Asset (Liability), Recurring Basis, Still Held, Unrealized Gain (Loss) 13.0 12.4
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions    
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation    
Assets Measured with Unobservable Inputs, Beginning Balance 0.0 0.2
Investment Gain (Loss) included in Earnings   0.0
Investment Gain (Loss) included in OCI   0.0
Investment Purchases   0.0
Investment Sales   0.0
Investment Level 3 Transfers Into   0.0
Investment Level 3 Transfers Out of   0.2
Assets Measured with Unobservable Inputs, Ending Balance   0.0
Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities Held at the End of Period Included in OCI   0.0
Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities Held at the End of Period Included in Earnings   0.0
Public Utilities    
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation    
Assets Measured with Unobservable Inputs, Beginning Balance 0.0 0.0
Investment Gain (Loss) included in Earnings (1.1) 0.1
Investment Gain (Loss) included in OCI 1.3 (0.1)
Investment Purchases 0.0 0.0
Investment Sales (20.4) (50.5)
Investment Level 3 Transfers Into 20.2 50.5
Investment Level 3 Transfers Out of 0.0 0.0
Assets Measured with Unobservable Inputs, Ending Balance 0.0 0.0
Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities Held at the End of Period Included in OCI 0.0 0.0
Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities Held at the End of Period Included in Earnings 0.0 0.0
Mortgage/Asset-backed Securities    
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation    
Assets Measured with Unobservable Inputs, Beginning Balance 32.9 22.0
Investment Gain (Loss) included in Earnings 0.0 0.0
Investment Gain (Loss) included in OCI 0.6 (0.2)
Investment Purchases 38.5 20.0
Investment Sales (2.6) (0.5)
Investment Level 3 Transfers Into 4.1 0.4
Investment Level 3 Transfers Out of 0.0 8.8
Assets Measured with Unobservable Inputs, Ending Balance 73.5 32.9
Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities Held at the End of Period Included in OCI (0.6) 0.2
Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities Held at the End of Period Included in Earnings 0.0
All Other Corporate Bonds    
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation    
Assets Measured with Unobservable Inputs, Beginning Balance 123.4 158.7
Investment Gain (Loss) included in Earnings (3.5) (5.0)
Investment Gain (Loss) included in OCI 8.9 (15.8)
Investment Purchases 3.2 1.5
Investment Sales (329.8) (334.1)
Investment Level 3 Transfers Into 318.1 385.0
Investment Level 3 Transfers Out of 48.8 66.9
Assets Measured with Unobservable Inputs, Ending Balance 71.5 123.4
Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities Held at the End of Period Included in OCI (8.9) 15.8
Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities Held at the End of Period Included in Earnings 0.0 0.0
Fixed Maturity Securities    
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation    
Assets Measured with Unobservable Inputs, Beginning Balance 156.3 180.9
Investment Gain (Loss) included in Earnings (4.6) (4.9)
Investment Gain (Loss) included in OCI 10.8 (16.1)
Investment Purchases 41.7 21.5
Investment Sales (352.8) (385.1)
Investment Level 3 Transfers Into 342.4 435.9
Investment Level 3 Transfers Out of 48.8 75.9
Assets Measured with Unobservable Inputs, Ending Balance 145.0 156.3
Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities Held at the End of Period Included in OCI (9.5) 16.0
Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities Held at the End of Period Included in Earnings 0.0 0.0
Perpetual Preferred Securities    
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation    
Assets Measured with Unobservable Inputs, Beginning Balance 21.6 16.2
Investment Gain (Loss) included in Earnings 2.3 0.6
Investment Gain (Loss) included in OCI 0.0 0.0
Investment Purchases 0.5 4.8
Investment Sales 0.0 0.0
Investment Level 3 Transfers Into 0.0 0.0
Investment Level 3 Transfers Out of 0.0 0.0
Assets Measured with Unobservable Inputs, Ending Balance 24.4 21.6
Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities Held at the End of Period Included in OCI 0.0 0.0
Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities Held at the End of Period Included in Earnings $ 2.3 $ 0.6
v3.25.0.1
Quantitative Information Regarding Significant Unobservable Inputs (Details)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Rate
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Rate
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
Fixed Maturity Securities $ 35,629.9 $ 36,833.9
Equity Securities 24.5 31.9
All Other Corporate Bonds    
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
Fixed Maturity Securities 24,822.2 25,670.7
Mortgage/Asset-backed Securities    
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
Fixed Maturity Securities [1] 917.2 644.1
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Market Approach    
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
Equity Securities [2] 24.4 21.6
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Discounted Cash Flow    
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
Embedded Derivative Asset in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement [3] $ 11.5  
Embedded Derivative Liability in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement [3]   $ (1.5)
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Discounted Cash Flow | Weighted Average | Input Measurement, Spread of Swap Curve    
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
Embedded Derivative Liability, Measurement Input | Rate   0.002
Embedded Derivative Asset, Measurement Input | Rate (0.0023)  
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | All Other Corporate Bonds | Market Approach    
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
Fixed Maturity Securities [2],[4] $ 16.3 $ 15.9
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | All Other Corporate Bonds | Market Approach | Minimum | Volatility of Credit    
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
All Other Corporate Bonds - Private, Measurement Input | Rate 0.0500 0.0500
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | All Other Corporate Bonds | Market Approach | Maximum | Volatility of Credit    
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
All Other Corporate Bonds - Private, Measurement Input | Rate 0.0500 0.0500
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | All Other Corporate Bonds | Market Approach | Weighted Average | Volatility of Credit    
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
All Other Corporate Bonds - Private, Measurement Input | Rate 0.0500 0.0500
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Mortgage/Asset-backed Securities | Market Approach    
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]    
Fixed Maturity Securities $ 21.2  
[1]
2Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, auto loans, and other asset types
[2] Represents a decision to price based on par value, cost, owner's equity, or the price of the most recent capital funding round when limited data is available
[3] Represents various actuarial assumptions required to derive the liability cash flows. Fair value of embedded derivative is most often driven by the change in the weighted average credit spread to the swap curve for the assets backing the hypothetical loan
[4] Represents basis point adjustments for credit-specific factors
v3.25.0.1
Fair Values of Financial Instruments Carrying Amounts and Estimated Fair value of Financial Instruments Not Measured at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions    
Mortgage Loans $ 2,224.5 $ 2,318.2
Policy Loans 3,617.2 3,620.2
Long-term Debt 3,465.2 3,430.4
Unfunded Commitments 0.2  
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure 255.7 117.7
Fair Value, Nonrecurring    
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions    
Mortgage Loans, Fair Value Disclosure 1,975.4 2,070.7
Mortgage Loans 2,224.5 2,318.2
Policy Loans, Fair Value Disclosure 3,672.9 3,696.3
Policy Loans 3,617.2 3,620.2
Miscellaneous Long-Term Investments, Fair Value Disclosure 26.9 16.0
Miscellaneous Long-Term Investments 26.9 16.0
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets Fair Value Disclosure 5,675.2 5,783.0
Total Financial Instrument Assets Not Carried at Fair Value 5,868.6 5,954.4
Long-term Debt, Fair Value Disclosure 3,289.3 3,227.9
Long-term Debt 3,465.2 3,430.4
Unfunded Commitments 0.2 0.2
Federal Home Loan Bank Funding Agreements, Fair Value Disclosure 324.2 64.5
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure 3,613.7 3,292.6
Total Financial Instrument Liabilities Not Carried at Fair Value 3,789.6 3,495.1
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Fair Value, Nonrecurring    
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions    
Mortgage Loans, Fair Value Disclosure 0.0 0.0
Policy Loans, Fair Value Disclosure 0.0 0.0
Miscellaneous Long-Term Investments, Fair Value Disclosure 0.0 0.0
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets Fair Value Disclosure 0.0 0.0
Long-term Debt, Fair Value Disclosure 3,246.1 2,629.1
Unfunded Commitments 0.0 0.0
Federal Home Loan Bank Funding Agreements, Fair Value Disclosure 0.0 0.0
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure 3,246.1 2,629.1
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Fair Value, Nonrecurring    
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions    
Mortgage Loans, Fair Value Disclosure 1,975.4 2,070.7
Policy Loans, Fair Value Disclosure 0.0 0.0
Miscellaneous Long-Term Investments, Fair Value Disclosure 26.7 15.7
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets Fair Value Disclosure 2,002.1 2,086.4
Long-term Debt, Fair Value Disclosure 43.2 598.8
Unfunded Commitments 0.2 0.2
Federal Home Loan Bank Funding Agreements, Fair Value Disclosure 324.2 64.5
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure 367.6 663.5
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Fair Value, Nonrecurring    
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions    
Mortgage Loans, Fair Value Disclosure 0.0 0.0
Policy Loans, Fair Value Disclosure 3,672.9 3,696.3
Miscellaneous Long-Term Investments, Fair Value Disclosure 0.2 0.3
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets Fair Value Disclosure 3,673.1 3,696.6
Long-term Debt, Fair Value Disclosure 0.0 0.0
Unfunded Commitments 0.0 0.0
Federal Home Loan Bank Funding Agreements, Fair Value Disclosure 0.0 0.0
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure $ 0.0 $ 0.0
v3.25.0.1
Fair Value of Financial Instruments Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis    
Ceded Policy Loans $ 3,313.6 $ 3,322.5
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis    
Percentage of Total Fair Value of Fixed Maturities Securities 11.70%  
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Pricing Service    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis    
Percentage of Total Fair Value of Fixed Maturities Securities 72.30%  
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Other Observable Market Data    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis    
Percentage of Total Fair Value of Fixed Maturities Securities 15.30%  
Fair Value Inputs Other Than Level 1    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis    
Percentage of Total Fair Value of Fixed Maturities Securities 88.30%  
Fair Value Inputs Level 2 Or Level 3    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis    
Percentage of Total Fair Value of Fixed Maturities Securities 0.70%  
v3.25.0.1
Amortized Cost and Fair Values of Securities by Security Type (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale      
Amortized Cost of Fixed Maturity Securities $ 38,269.9 $ 38,410.6  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss 2.8 2.2  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax 676.8    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax 3,314.0    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Total 35,629.9 36,833.9  
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale      
Amortized Cost of Fixed Maturity Securities 544.6 618.6  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss 0.0 0.0  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax 13.9 25.3  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax 28.0 19.1  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Total 530.5 624.8  
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale      
Amortized Cost of Fixed Maturity Securities 3,795.6 4,041.3  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss 0.0 0.0  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax 65.5 135.3  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax 569.7 498.2  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Total 3,291.4 3,678.4  
Foreign Governments      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale      
Amortized Cost of Fixed Maturity Securities 912.1 982.1  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss 0.0 0.0  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax 9.5 29.8  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax 153.5 121.2  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Total 768.1 890.7  
Public Utilities      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale      
Amortized Cost of Fixed Maturity Securities 5,525.0 5,398.2  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss 0.0 0.0  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax 132.3 217.1  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax 364.4 293.7  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Total 5,292.9 5,321.6  
Mortgage/Asset-backed Securities      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale      
Amortized Cost of Fixed Maturity Securities [1] 949.4 658.0  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss [1] 0.0 0.0  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax [1] 5.0 10.1  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax [1] 37.2 24.0  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Total [1] 917.2 644.1  
All Other Corporate Bonds      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale      
Amortized Cost of Fixed Maturity Securities 26,535.2 26,708.4  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss 2.8 2.2 $ 0.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax 450.6 771.8  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax 2,160.8 1,807.3  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Total 24,822.2 25,670.7  
Redeemable Preferred Stocks      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale      
Amortized Cost of Fixed Maturity Securities 8.0 4.0  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss 0.0 0.0  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax 0.0 0.0  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax 0.4 0.4  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Total 7.6 3.6  
Fixed Maturity Securities      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale      
Amortized Cost of Fixed Maturity Securities 38,269.9 38,410.6  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss 2.8 2.2  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax 676.8 1,189.4  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax 3,314.0 2,763.9  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Total $ 35,629.9 $ 36,833.9  
[1]
2Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, auto loans, and other asset types
v3.25.0.1
Length of Time Fixed Maturity Securities had been in a Gross Unrealized Loss Position (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months $ 43.7 $ 118.8
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss 4.1 0.7
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer 201.3 197.3
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss 23.9 18.4
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months 425.8 128.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss 15.3 4.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer 1,926.2 2,035.1
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss 554.4 494.2
Foreign Governments    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months 171.9 149.9
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss 10.6 3.3
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer 266.3 312.9
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss 142.9 117.9
Public Utilities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months 1,281.7 373.7
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss 48.4 10.4
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer 1,549.5 1,720.6
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss 316.0 283.3
Mortgage/Asset-backed Securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months [1] 199.9 60.3
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss [1] 8.9 2.5
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer [1] 285.9 316.7
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss [1] 28.3 21.5
All Other Corporate Bonds    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months 4,904.4 1,483.8
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss 182.5 26.8
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer 12,209.3 14,215.2
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss 1,978.3 1,780.5
Redeemable Preferred Stocks    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months 3.9 0.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss 0.1 0.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer 3.7 3.6
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss 0.3 0.4
Fixed Maturity Securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months 7,031.3 2,314.5
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss 269.9 47.7
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer 16,442.2 18,801.4
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss $ 3,044.1 $ 2,716.2
[1]
2Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, auto loans, and other asset types
v3.25.0.1
Investments Distribution of the Maturity Dates for Fixed Maturity Securities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost, Net of Allowance for Credit Losses, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, within One Year, Amortized Cost $ 1,484.1 $ 935.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after Year One Through Five, Net 7,688.2 7,594.4
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after Year 5 Through 10, Net 8,404.6 9,430.3
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after Year 10, Net 19,740.8 19,790.7
Available for sale Securities Debt Maturities Amortized Cost Gross Subtotal, Net 37,317.7 37,750.4
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturity, without Single Maturity Date, Amortized Cost, Net [1] 949.4 658.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost, Net of Allowance for Credit Losses 38,267.1 38,408.4
Available for Sale Securities Unrealized Gain Position Gross Gain [Abstract]    
Available For Sale Securities Debt Maturities Within One Year Unrealized Gain Position Gross Gain 4.1 0.9
Available For Sale Securities Debt Maturities After One Through Five Years Unrealized Gain Position Gross Gain 123.5 128.2
Available For Sale Securities Debt Maturities After Five Through Ten Years Unrealized Gain Position Gross Gain 236.4 372.1
Available For Sale Securities Debt Maturities After Ten Years Unrealized Gain Position Gross Gain 307.8 678.1
Available For Sale Securities Debt Maturities Unrealized Gain Position Gross Gain Gross Subtotal 671.8 1,179.3
Available For Sale Securities Debt Maturities Without Single Maturity Date Unrealized Gain Position Gross Gain [1] 5.0 10.1
Available for sale Securities, Debt Maturities Unrealized Gain Position Gross Gain 676.8 1,189.4
Available for Sale Securities Unrealized Loss Position Gross Loss [Abstract]    
Available For Sale Securities Debt Maturities Within One Year Unrealized Loss Position Gross Loss 6.2 7.5
Available For Sale Securities Debt Maturities After One Through Five Years Unrealized Loss Position Gross Loss 196.6 179.0
Available For Sale Securities Debt Maturities After Five Through Ten Years Unrealized Loss Position Gross Loss 565.5 610.8
Available For Sale Securities Debt Maturities After Ten Years Unrealized Loss Position Gross Loss 2,508.5 1,942.6
Available For Sale Securities Debt Maturities Unrealized Gain Position Gross Loss Gross Subtotal 3,276.8 2,739.9
Available For Sale Securities Debt Maturities Without Single Maturity Date Unrealized Loss Position Gross Loss [1] 37.2 24.0
Available For Sale Securities Unrealized Loss Position Gross Loss Subtotal 3,314.0 2,763.9
Fair Value Maturity Distribution [Abstract]    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Total 35,629.9 36,833.9
Available for Sale Securities Unrealized Gain Position Fair Value    
Fair Value Maturity Distribution [Abstract]    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, within One Year, Fair Value 432.4 140.8
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after One Through Five Years, Fair Value 2,840.8 2,685.7
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after Five Through Ten Years, Fair Value 3,486.1 4,100.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after 10 Years, Fair Value 4,965.7 8,524.4
Available for sale Securities Debt Maturities Fair Value Gross Subtotal 11,725.0 15,450.9
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturity, without Single Maturity Date, Fair Value [1] 431.4 267.1
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Total 12,156.4 15,718.0
Available for Sale Securities Unrealized Loss Position Fair Value    
Fair Value Maturity Distribution [Abstract]    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, within One Year, Fair Value 1,049.6 787.6
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after One Through Five Years, Fair Value 4,774.3 4,857.9
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after Five Through Ten Years, Fair Value 4,589.4 5,091.6
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after 10 Years, Fair Value 12,574.4 10,001.8
Available for sale Securities Debt Maturities Fair Value Gross Subtotal 22,987.7 20,738.9
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturity, without Single Maturity Date, Fair Value [1] 485.8 377.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Total $ 23,473.5 $ 21,115.9
[1]
2Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, auto loans, and other asset types
v3.25.0.1
Investments Distribution by External Credit Rating for Fixed Maturity Securities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale    
Fixed Maturity Securities $ 35,629.9 $ 36,833.9
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax 676.8  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax $ 3,314.0  
Fixed maturity securities in unrealized loss position percent of total 100.00%  
External Credit Rating, Investment Grade    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale    
Fixed Maturity Securities $ 34,193.9  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax 661.8  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax $ 3,236.2  
Fixed maturity securities in unrealized loss position percent of total 97.70%  
External Credit Rating, Below-Investment-Grade    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale    
Fixed Maturity Securities $ 1,436.0  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax 15.0  
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax $ 77.8  
Fixed maturity securities in unrealized loss position percent of total 2.30%  
v3.25.0.1
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Losses Rollforward (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss    
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss, Beginning Balance $ 2.2  
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss, Ending Balance 2.8 $ 2.2
All Other Corporate Bonds    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss    
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss, Beginning Balance 2.2 0.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss, Not Previously Recorded 2.8 2.2
Change in allowance due to change in intent to hold securities to maturity 0.2 0.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss, Securities Sold (2.4) 0.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss, Ending Balance $ 2.8 $ 2.2
v3.25.0.1
Investments Low Income Housing Tax Credits (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Low Income Housing Tax Credits [Abstract]      
Affordable Housing Tax Credits $ 0.1 $ 1.1 $ 8.0
Investment Program, Proportional Amortization Method, Applied, Amortization Expense, Statement of Cash Flows [Extensible Enumeration] Change in Income Taxes Change in Income Taxes Change in Income Taxes
Investment Program, Proportional Amortization Method, Applied, Amortization Expense, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration] Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Amortization of Affordable Housing Tax Credit Investments $ 0.0 $ (0.5) $ (5.9)
Tax Benefits from Low Income Housing Investments $ 0.1 $ 0.6 $ 2.1
Investment Program, Proportional Amortization Method, Elected, Income Tax Credit and Other Income Tax Benefit, before Amortization, Statement of Cash Flows [Extensible Enumeration] Change in Income Taxes Change in Income Taxes Change in Income Taxes
Investment Program, Proportional Amortization Method, Elected, Income Tax Credit and Other Income Tax Benefit, before Amortization, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration] Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
v3.25.0.1
Mortgage Loans by Property Type and Geographic Region (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate    
Mortgage Loans $ 2,224.5 $ 2,318.2
Percent of Total 100.00% 100.00%
New England    
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate    
Mortgage Loans $ 52.6 $ 55.1
Percent of Total 2.40% 2.40%
Mid-Atlantic    
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate    
Mortgage Loans $ 167.2 $ 155.1
Percent of Total 7.50% 6.70%
East North Central    
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate    
Mortgage Loans $ 297.2 $ 314.4
Percent of Total 13.40% 13.60%
West North Central    
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate    
Mortgage Loans $ 151.1 $ 163.5
Percent of Total 6.80% 7.00%
South Atlantic    
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate    
Mortgage Loans $ 532.5 $ 553.0
Percent of Total 23.90% 23.80%
East South Central    
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate    
Mortgage Loans $ 95.1 $ 110.7
Percent of Total 4.30% 4.80%
West South Central    
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate    
Mortgage Loans $ 193.6 $ 200.9
Percent of Total 8.70% 8.70%
Mountain    
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate    
Mortgage Loans $ 278.7 $ 282.7
Percent of Total 12.50% 12.20%
Pacific    
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate    
Mortgage Loans $ 456.5 $ 482.8
Percent of Total 20.50% 20.80%
Apartment    
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate    
Mortgage Loans $ 658.2 $ 685.8
Percent of Total 29.60% 29.60%
Industrial    
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate    
Mortgage Loans $ 690.4 $ 706.0
Percent of Total 31.00% 30.50%
Office    
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate    
Mortgage Loans $ 338.4 $ 379.9
Percent of Total 15.20% 16.40%
Retail    
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate    
Mortgage Loans $ 496.2 $ 503.9
Percent of Total 22.30% 21.70%
Other Property    
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate    
Mortgage Loans $ 41.3 $ 42.6
Percent of Total 1.90% 1.80%
v3.25.0.1
Schedule of Participating Mortgage Loans by Internal Credit Rating and Loan to Value (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate    
Mortgage Loans $ 2,224.5 $ 2,318.2
Percent of Total 100.00% 100.00%
Loan to Value Ratio Below or Equal to 65 Percent    
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate    
Mortgage Loans $ 1,639.6 $ 1,409.9
Percent of Total 73.80% 60.80%
Loan To Value Ratio Above 65 To 75 Percent    
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate    
Mortgage Loans $ 367.6 $ 707.0
Percent of Total 16.50% 30.50%
Loan To Value Ratio Above 75 To 85 Percent    
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate    
Mortgage Loans $ 152.3 $ 136.5
Percent of Total 6.80% 5.90%
Loan To Value Ratio Above 85 Percent    
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate    
Mortgage Loans $ 65.0 $ 64.8
Percent of Total 2.90% 2.80%
AA Credit Rating    
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate    
Mortgage Loans $ 117.8 $ 85.2
Percent of Total 5.30% 3.70%
A Credit Rating    
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate    
Mortgage Loans $ 1,099.1 $ 942.5
Percent of Total 49.40% 40.60%
BBB Credit Rating    
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate    
Mortgage Loans $ 915.5 $ 1,249.5
Percent of Total 41.20% 53.90%
BB Credit Rating    
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate    
Mortgage Loans $ 85.0 $ 41.0
Percent of Total 3.80% 1.80%
B Credit Rating    
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate    
Mortgage Loans $ 7.1 $ 0.0
Percent of Total 0.30% 0.00%
v3.25.0.1
Mortgage Loans Sorted by Applicable Credit Quality Indicators (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss $ (16.1) $ (10.2)  
Mortgage Loans 2,224.5 2,318.2  
Loan to Value Ratio Below or Equal to 65 Percent      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Mortgage Loans 1,639.6 1,409.9  
Loan To Value Ratio Above 65 To 75 Percent      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Mortgage Loans 367.6 707.0  
Loan To Value Ratio Above 75 To 85 Percent      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Mortgage Loans 152.3 136.5  
Loan To Value Ratio Above 85 Percent      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Mortgage Loans 65.0 64.8  
Originated Five or More Years before Last Fiscal Year      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Mortgage Loans 1,541.0 1,317.6  
Originated Four Years before Last Fiscal Year      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Mortgage Loans 154.2 334.8  
Originated Three Years before Last Fiscal Year      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Mortgage Loans 329.6 164.9  
Originated Two Years before Last Fiscal Year      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Mortgage Loans 87.3 347.1  
Originated in Fiscal Year before Latest Fiscal Year      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Mortgage Loans 66.4 87.0  
Originated in Current Fiscal Year      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Mortgage Loans 46.0 66.8  
AA Credit Rating      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Mortgage Loans 117.8 85.2  
A Credit Rating      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Mortgage Loans 1,099.1 942.5  
BBB Credit Rating      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Mortgage Loans 915.5 1,249.5  
BB Credit Rating      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Mortgage Loans 85.0 41.0  
B Credit Rating      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Mortgage Loans 7.1 0.0  
Commercial Real Estate      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 1,554.7 1,323.9  
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 154.7 336.1  
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 330.6 165.5  
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 87.6 348.1  
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 66.8 87.6  
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year 46.2 67.2  
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 2,240.6 2,328.4  
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss (16.1) (10.2) $ (9.3)
Commercial Real Estate | Loan to Value Ratio Below or Equal to 65 Percent      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 1,229.6 908.3  
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 112.9 197.7  
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 210.0 116.4  
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 40.8 145.2  
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 38.7 16.2  
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year 11.7 30.0  
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 1,643.7 1,413.8  
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss (4.2) (3.8) (3.0)
Commercial Real Estate | Loan To Value Ratio Above 65 To 75 Percent      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 154.1 252.1  
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 33.7 138.4  
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 72.1 40.8  
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 46.8 171.0  
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 28.1 71.4  
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year 34.5 37.2  
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 369.3 710.9  
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss (1.7) (3.8) (4.7)
Commercial Real Estate | Loan To Value Ratio Above 75 To 85 Percent      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 126.4 97.3  
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 8.1 0.0  
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 20.1 8.3  
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 0.0 31.9  
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 0.0 0.0  
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year 0.0 0.0  
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 154.6 137.5  
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss (2.2) (1.2) (1.1)
Commercial Real Estate | Loan To Value Ratio Above 85 Percent      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 44.6 66.2  
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 0.0 0.0  
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 28.4 0.0  
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 0.0 0.0  
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 0.0 0.0  
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year 0.0 0.0  
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 73.0 66.2  
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss (8.0) (1.4) $ (0.5)
Commercial Real Estate | Originated Five or More Years before Last Fiscal Year      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss (13.7) (6.3)  
Commercial Real Estate | Originated Four Years before Last Fiscal Year      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss (0.5) (1.3)  
Commercial Real Estate | Originated Three Years before Last Fiscal Year      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss (1.0) (0.6)  
Commercial Real Estate | Originated Two Years before Last Fiscal Year      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss (0.3) (1.0)  
Commercial Real Estate | Originated in Fiscal Year before Latest Fiscal Year      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss (0.4) (0.6)  
Commercial Real Estate | Originated in Current Fiscal Year      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss (0.2) (0.4)  
Commercial Real Estate | AA Credit Rating      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 111.5 74.3  
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 0.0 11.0  
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 6.4 0.0  
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 0.0 0.0  
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 0.0 0.0  
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year 0.0 0.0  
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 117.9 85.3  
Commercial Real Estate | A Credit Rating      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 780.5 589.0  
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 99.6 100.3  
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 169.1 94.1  
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 24.6 100.1  
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 9.5 23.2  
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year 18.0 38.0  
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 1,101.3 944.7  
Commercial Real Estate | BBB Credit Rating      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 561.7 618.4  
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 55.1 224.8  
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 155.1 71.4  
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 63.0 248.0  
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 57.3 64.4  
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year 28.2 29.2  
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 920.4 1,256.2  
Commercial Real Estate | BB Credit Rating      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 86.8 42.2  
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 0.0 0.0  
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 0.0 0.0  
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 0.0 0.0  
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 0.0 0.0  
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year 0.0 0.0  
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 86.8 $ 42.2  
Commercial Real Estate | B Credit Rating      
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator      
Financing Receivable, Originated, More than Five Years before Current Fiscal Year 14.2    
Financing Receivable, Year Five, Originated, Four Years before Current Fiscal Year 0.0    
Financing Receivable, Year Four, Originated, Three Years before Current Fiscal Year 0.0    
Financing Receivable, Year Three, Originated, Two Years before Current Fiscal Year 0.0    
Financing Receivable, Year Two, Originated, Fiscal Year before Current Fiscal Year 0.0    
Financing Receivable, Year One, Originated, Current Fiscal Year 0.0    
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss $ 14.2    
v3.25.0.1
Mortgage Loans, Allowance for Credit Losses Rollforward (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Beginning Balance $ 10.2  
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Ending Balance 16.1 $ 10.2
Commercial Real Estate    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Beginning Balance 10.2 9.3
Financing Receivable, Credit Loss, Expense (Reversal) 12.9 0.9
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff (7.0) 0.0
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Recovery 0.0 0.0
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Ending Balance 16.1 10.2
Commercial Real Estate | Loan to Value Ratio Below or Equal to 65 Percent    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Beginning Balance 3.8 3.0
Financing Receivable, Credit Loss, Expense (Reversal) 0.4 0.8
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff 0.0 0.0
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Recovery 0.0 0.0
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Ending Balance 4.2 3.8
Commercial Real Estate | Loan To Value Ratio Above 65 To 75 Percent    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Beginning Balance 3.8 4.7
Financing Receivable, Credit Loss, Expense (Reversal) (2.1) (0.9)
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff 0.0 0.0
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Recovery 0.0 0.0
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Ending Balance 1.7 3.8
Commercial Real Estate | Loan To Value Ratio Above 75 To 85 Percent    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Beginning Balance 1.2 1.1
Financing Receivable, Credit Loss, Expense (Reversal) 8.0 0.1
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff (7.0) 0.0
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Recovery 0.0 0.0
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Ending Balance 2.2 1.2
Commercial Real Estate | Loan To Value Ratio Above 85 Percent    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Beginning Balance 1.4 0.5
Financing Receivable, Credit Loss, Expense (Reversal) 6.6 0.9
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff 0.0 0.0
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Recovery 0.0 0.0
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Ending Balance $ 8.0 $ 1.4
v3.25.0.1
Investments Remaining Contractual Maturity of Security Lending Agreements (Details) - Overnight and Continuous - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Transfer of Certain Financial Assets Accounted for as Secured Borrowings    
Securities Loaned, Including Not Subject to Master Netting Arrangement and Assets other than Securities Transferred $ 62.7 $ 63.1
Securities Loaned and Securities Sold under Agreement to Repurchase, Gross Including Not Subject to Master Netting Arrangement 62.7 63.1
Secured Borrowings, Gross, Difference, Amount 0.0 0.0
Public Utilities    
Transfer of Certain Financial Assets Accounted for as Secured Borrowings    
Securities Loaned, Including Not Subject to Master Netting Arrangement and Assets other than Securities Transferred 5.2 1.8
Short-term Investments    
Transfer of Certain Financial Assets Accounted for as Secured Borrowings    
Securities Loaned, Including Not Subject to Master Netting Arrangement and Assets other than Securities Transferred 1.0 0.0
All Other Corporate Bonds    
Transfer of Certain Financial Assets Accounted for as Secured Borrowings    
Securities Loaned, Including Not Subject to Master Netting Arrangement and Assets other than Securities Transferred $ 56.5 $ 61.3
v3.25.0.1
Investments Federal Home Loan Bank Carrying Amount, Collateral Posted and Advances Received (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Federal Home Loan Bank Carrying Value of Common Stock, Collateral Posted and Advances    
Federal Home Loan Bank Common Stock $ 26.7 $ 15.7
Federal Home Loan Bank, Advances 324.2 64.5
Federal Home Loan Bank, Collateral Posted to FHLB 1,461.8 1,575.8
Fixed Maturity Securities    
Federal Home Loan Bank Carrying Value of Common Stock, Collateral Posted and Advances    
Federal Home Loan Bank, Collateral Posted to FHLB 553.6 589.0
Commercial Mortgage Loans    
Federal Home Loan Bank Carrying Value of Common Stock, Collateral Posted and Advances    
Federal Home Loan Bank, Collateral Posted to FHLB $ 908.2 $ 986.8
v3.25.0.1
Investments Schedule of Financial Instrument and Derivative Offsetting (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Offsetting Derivative Assets    
Net Derivative Assets Reported in Balance Sheet $ 90.9 $ 99.9
Offsetting Securities Loaned    
Gross Securities Loaned (94.0) (72.0)
Assets Offsetting Securities Loaned in Balance Sheet 0.0 0.0
Securities Loaned (94.0) (72.0)
Securities Given as Collateral on Securities Loaned (31.3) (8.9)
Cash Given as Collateral on Securities Loaned (62.7) (63.1)
Securities Loaned Net of Collateral 0.0 0.0
Offsetting Financial Assets    
Gross Financial Assets 173.4 171.9
Financial Liabilities Offsetting Financial Assets in Balance Sheet 0.0 0.0
Net Financial Assets Reported in Balance Sheet 173.4 171.9
Securities Received as Collateral on Financial Assets (107.0) (100.8)
Cash Received as Collateral on Financial Assets (65.9) (69.5)
Financial Assets Net of Collateral 0.5 1.6
Offsetting Derivative Liabilities    
Net Derivative Liabilities Reported in Balance Sheet 255.7 117.7
Offsetting Securities Borrowed    
Security Borrowed, Subject to Master Netting Arrangement, before Offset 62.7 63.1
Security Borrowed, Subject to Master Netting Arrangement, Liability Offset 0.0 0.0
Securities Borrowed 62.7 63.1
Securities Received as Collateral on Securities Borrowed (62.7) (63.1)
Cash Received as Collateral on Securities Borrowed 0.0 0.0
Security Borrowed, Including Not Subject to Master Netting Arrangement, after Offset and Deduction 0.0 0.0
Offsetting Financial Liabilities    
Gross Financial Liability 318.4 179.3
Financial Assets Offsetting Financial Liabilities in Balance Sheet 0.0 0.0
Net Financial Liabilities Reported in Balance Sheet 318.4 179.3
Securities Given as Collateral on Financial Liabilities (317.0) (172.5)
Cash Given as Collateral on Financial Liabilities 0.0 0.0
Financial Liabilities Net of Collateral 1.4 6.8
Over the Counter    
Offsetting Derivative Assets    
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset 79.4 99.9
Derivative Liabilities Offsetting Derivative Assets in Balance Sheet 0.0 0.0
Net Derivative Assets Reported in Balance Sheet 79.4 99.9
Securities Received as Collateral on Derivative Assets (75.7) (91.9)
Derivative Asset, Subject to Master Netting Arrangement, Collateral, Obligation to Return Cash Not Offset (3.2) (6.4)
Derivative Assets Net of Collateral 0.5 1.6
Offsetting Derivative Liabilities    
Gross Derivative Liability 255.7 116.2
Derivative Assets Offsetting Derivative Liabilities in Balance Sheet 0.0 0.0
Net Derivative Liabilities Reported in Balance Sheet 255.7 116.2
FMS Collateral Posted to Counterparties (254.3) (109.4)
Derivative Liability, Subject to Master Netting Arrangement, Collateral, Right to Reclaim Cash Not Offset 0.0 0.0
Derivative Liabilities Net of Collateral $ 1.4 $ 6.8
v3.25.0.1
Investments Investment Income (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Net Investment Income      
Investment Income, Interest and Dividend $ 2,206.9 $ 2,170.6 $ 2,173.6
Less Investment Expenses 65.2 61.8 39.4
Less Investment Income on PFA Assets 11.7 12.1 12.0
Net Investment Income 2,130.0 2,096.7 2,122.2
Fixed Maturity Securities      
Net Investment Income      
Investment Income, Interest and Dividend 1,860.4 1,853.7 1,849.8
Derivatives      
Net Investment Income      
Investment Income, Interest and Dividend 30.7 45.1 57.8
Mortgage Loans      
Net Investment Income      
Investment Income, Interest and Dividend 88.6 92.5 101.5
Policy Loans      
Net Investment Income      
Investment Income, Interest and Dividend 20.9 20.8 20.0
Perpetual Preferred Securities      
Net Investment Income      
Investment Income, Interest and Dividend 0.3 2.5 5.0
Private Equity Partnerships      
Net Investment Income      
Investment Income, Interest and Dividend [1] 103.1 78.1 110.1
Other Long-term Investments      
Net Investment Income      
Investment Income, Interest and Dividend 12.0 9.2 9.4
Short-term Investments      
Net Investment Income      
Investment Income, Interest and Dividend $ 90.9 $ 68.7 $ 20.0
[1] The net unrealized gain recognized in net investment income for the year ended December 31, 2024 related to private equity partnerships still held at December 31, 2024 was $127.1 million, reduced by net management fees and partnership expenses of $(24.0) million. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the net unrealized gain recognized in net investment income related to private equity partnerships still held at year-end was $102.9 million and $124.1 million, respectively, reduced by net management fees and partnership expenses of $(24.8) million and $(14.0) million, respectively. See Note 2 for further discussion of private equity partnerships.
v3.25.0.1
Investment Gains and Losses Reported in Consolidated Statements of Income (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Fixed Maturity Securities      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Realized Gain $ 1.3 $ 4.4 $ 2.3
Gross Losses on Sales (39.5) (53.1) (28.8)
Impairement Loss [1] (2.5) 0.0 0.0
Change in Allowance for Credit Losses (3.0) (2.2) (4.6)
Mortgage Loans and Other Invested Assets      
Gross Gains on Sales 0.5 6.0 1.4
Gross Losses on Sales 0.0 (1.0) 0.0
Impairment Loss (7.0) (3.0) 0.0
Credit Losses (5.9) (0.9) (1.0)
Gain (Loss) on Embedded Derivative 13.0 12.4 16.2
All Other Derivatives 3.8 (0.6) 2.6
Gain (Loss) on Sale of Other Investments 9.2 0.0 0.0
Foreign Currency Transactions (4.5) 2.0 (3.8)
Net Investment Loss $ (34.6) $ (36.0) $ (15.7)
[1]
1Includes write-down of securities that we intended to sell prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis.
v3.25.0.1
Investments - Additional Information (Detail)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Schedule of Investments      
Other Long-term Investments $ 1,694,400,000 $ 1,579,400,000  
Unfunded Commitments 200,000    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 16,100,000 10,200,000  
Accrued Investment Income $ 649,800,000 633,900,000  
Financing Receivable, Modified, Weighted Average Term Increase from Modification 18 months    
Foreclosed Real Estate Expense $ 0 0 $ 0
Committments to Fund Commercial Mortgage Loans 17,900,000 0  
Real Estate Investment Property, Net 59,500,000 64,400,000  
Real Estate Held-for-sale $ 41,900,000 40,900,000  
Repurchase agreements - Typical Days outstanding 30    
Minimum percent of the fair value of securities loaned or securities purchased under repurchase agreements be maintained as collateral 102.00%    
Gross Securities Loaned $ 94,000,000.0 72,000,000.0  
Outstanding Repurchase Agreements 0 0  
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual 9,200,000 0 0
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual, Interest Income 0 0 0
Private Equity Partnerships      
Schedule of Investments      
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments 127,100,000 102,900,000 124,100,000
Management Fee Expense 24,000,000.0 24,800,000 14,000,000
Off Balance Sheet Amount      
Schedule of Investments      
Cash Collateral for Borrowed Securities 62,700,000 63,100,000  
Securities Received as Collateral 34,800,000 12,500,000  
Commercial Real Estate      
Schedule of Investments      
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss 2,240,600,000 2,328,400,000  
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 16,100,000 10,200,000 $ 9,300,000
Accrued Investment Income 7,000,000.0 7,200,000  
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Writeoff 7,000,000.0 0  
Unfunded Mortgage Loan Commitments      
Schedule of Investments      
Allowance for Credit Losses, Unfunded Mortgage Loan Commitments 100,000 0  
Variable Interest Entity, Not Primary Beneficiary      
Schedule of Investments      
Other Long-term Investments 1,450,800,000 1,326,500,000  
Tax Credit Partnership | Variable Interest Entity, Not Primary Beneficiary      
Schedule of Investments      
Other Long-term Investments 200,000 300,000  
Private Equity Partnerships | Variable Interest Entity, Not Primary Beneficiary      
Schedule of Investments      
Other Long-term Investments 1,450,600,000 $ 1,326,200,000  
Private Placement Fixed Maturity      
Schedule of Investments      
Fair Value Disclosure, off-Balance-Sheet Risks, Amount, Liability $ 96,500,000    
External Credit Rating, Investment Grade      
Schedule of Investments      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Number of Positions 924    
Number of Fixed Maturity Securities in an Unrealized Loss Position Continuously for Over One Year 785    
External Credit Rating, Below-Investment-Grade      
Schedule of Investments      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Number of Positions 75    
Number of Fixed Maturity Securities in an Unrealized Loss Position Continuously for Over One Year 47    
v3.25.0.1
Derivative Financial Instruments Nature and Amount of Collateral Received From and Posted To Our Derivative Counterparties (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative    
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Amount Offset Against Collateral $ 12.0 $ 37.4
Derivative Liability, Subject to Master Netting Arrangement, Deduction of Financial Instrument Not Offset 200.7 39.8
Cash    
Derivative    
Cash Collateral from Counterparties 3.6 11.1
Cash Collateral Posted to Counterparties 4.0 0.0
Fixed Maturity Securities    
Derivative    
Carrying Value of Fixed Maturity Securities Received as Collateral from Counterparties 8.4 26.3
FMS Collateral Posted to Counterparties $ 196.7 $ 39.8
v3.25.0.1
Derivative Financial Instruments Fair Value Hedges Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets and Liabilities and Cumulative Basis Adjustments (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures    
Hedged Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration] Fixed Maturity Securities - at fair value (amortized cost of $38,269.9; $38,410.6; allowance for credit losses of $2.8; $2.2) Fixed Maturity Securities - at fair value (amortized cost of $38,269.9; $38,410.6; allowance for credit losses of $2.8; $2.2)
Receive Fixed/Pay Fixed | Designated as Hedging Instrument | Fair Value Hedging    
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures    
Hedged Asset, Fair Value Hedge $ 551.0 $ 529.2
Receive Fixed/Pay Fixed | Designated as Hedging Instrument | Fair Value Hedging | Fixed Maturity Securities    
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures    
Hedged Asset, Fair Value Hedge, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) (46.3) (6.1)
Hedged asset, amortized cost $ 648.4 $ 636.9
v3.25.0.1
Location and Fair Values of Derivative Financial Instruments (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative    
Derivative, Notional Amount $ 3,751.4 $ 2,983.7
Other Long-term Investments    
Derivative    
Asset Derivatives Fair Value 90.9 99.9
Other Liabilities    
Derivative    
Liability Derivatives Fair Value 255.7 117.7
Designated as Hedging Instrument    
Derivative    
Derivative, Notional Amount 3,445.5 2,697.0
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Cash Flow Hedging    
Derivative    
Derivative, Notional Amount 2,709.1 2,054.5
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Forwards | Cash Flow Hedging    
Derivative    
Derivative, Notional Amount 2,570.0 1,905.0
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Interest Rate Swaps | Cash Flow Hedging    
Derivative    
Derivative, Notional Amount 139.1 149.5
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Interest Rate Swaps | Fair Value Hedging    
Derivative    
Derivative, Notional Amount 736.4 642.5
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Long-term Investments    
Derivative    
Asset Derivatives Fair Value 75.7 96.9
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Long-term Investments | Cash Flow Hedging    
Derivative    
Asset Derivatives Fair Value 21.0 58.7
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Long-term Investments | Forwards | Cash Flow Hedging    
Derivative    
Asset Derivatives Fair Value 3.4 44.5
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Long-term Investments | Interest Rate Swaps | Cash Flow Hedging    
Derivative    
Asset Derivatives Fair Value 17.6 14.2
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Long-term Investments | Interest Rate Swaps | Fair Value Hedging    
Derivative    
Asset Derivatives Fair Value 54.7 38.2
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Liabilities    
Derivative    
Liability Derivatives Fair Value 239.3 99.0
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Liabilities | Cash Flow Hedging    
Derivative    
Liability Derivatives Fair Value 224.3 82.3
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Liabilities | Forwards | Cash Flow Hedging    
Derivative    
Liability Derivatives Fair Value 223.2 77.8
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Liabilities | Interest Rate Swaps | Cash Flow Hedging    
Derivative    
Liability Derivatives Fair Value 1.1 4.5
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Liabilities | Interest Rate Swaps | Fair Value Hedging    
Derivative    
Liability Derivatives Fair Value 15.0 16.7
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument    
Derivative    
Derivative, Notional Amount 305.9 286.7
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Forwards    
Derivative    
Derivative, Notional Amount 51.1 52.5
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Interest Rate Swaps    
Derivative    
Derivative, Notional Amount 125.9 132.0
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Total Return Swap    
Derivative    
Derivative, Notional Amount 128.9 102.2
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement    
Derivative    
Derivative, Notional Amount 0.0 0.0
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Long-term Investments    
Derivative    
Asset Derivatives Fair Value 15.2 3.0
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Long-term Investments | Forwards    
Derivative    
Asset Derivatives Fair Value 3.1 3.0
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Long-term Investments | Interest Rate Swaps    
Derivative    
Asset Derivatives Fair Value 0.6 0.0
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Long-term Investments | Total Return Swap    
Derivative    
Asset Derivatives Fair Value 0.0 0.0
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Long-term Investments | Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement    
Derivative    
Asset Derivatives Fair Value 11.5 0.0
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Liabilities    
Derivative    
Liability Derivatives Fair Value 16.4 18.7
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Liabilities | Forwards    
Derivative    
Liability Derivatives Fair Value 0.0 0.2
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Liabilities | Interest Rate Swaps    
Derivative    
Liability Derivatives Fair Value 16.4 17.0
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Liabilities | Total Return Swap    
Derivative    
Liability Derivatives Fair Value 0.0 0.0
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Liabilities | Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement    
Derivative    
Liability Derivatives Fair Value $ 0.0 $ 1.5
v3.25.0.1
Derivative Financial Instruments Location of Gains and Losses Designated as Hedging Instruments, Consolidated Statements of Income (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)      
Net Investment Income $ 2,130.0 $ 2,096.7 $ 2,122.2
Net Investment Loss (34.6) (36.0) (15.7)
Interest and Debt Expense 201.1 194.8 188.5
Derivative, Gain (Loss) on Derivative, Net (3.8) 0.6 (2.6)
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Interest Rate Swaps | Net Investment Income | Cash Flow Hedging      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)      
Net Investment Income 109.6 198.6 200.0
Derivative, Gain (Loss) on Derivative, Net 17.4 35.2 51.0
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Interest Rate Swaps | Net Realized Investment Gain (Loss) | Cash Flow Hedging      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)      
Net Investment Loss 0.0 0.8 0.0
Derivative, Gain (Loss) on Derivative, Net 0.0 0.0 0.0
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Interest Rate Swaps | Interest and Debt Expense | Cash Flow Hedging      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)      
Interest and Debt Expense 2.9 2.9 2.9
Derivative, Gain (Loss) on Derivative, Net 0.0 0.0 0.0
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Foreign Exchange Contracts | Net Investment Income | Cash Flow Hedging      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)      
Net Investment Income 8.6 9.6 12.3
Derivative, Gain (Loss) on Derivative, Net 0.7 0.0 (0.8)
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Foreign Exchange Contracts | Net Investment Income | Fair Value Hedging      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)      
Net Investment Income 17.1 14.5 11.6
Derivative, Gain (Loss) on Derivative, Net 14.5 11.1 7.3
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Foreign Exchange Contracts | Net Realized Investment Gain (Loss) | Cash Flow Hedging      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)      
Net Investment Loss (0.4) 0.4 (2.3)
Derivative, Gain (Loss) on Derivative, Net 0.4 (0.4) 1.8
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Foreign Exchange Contracts | Net Realized Investment Gain (Loss) | Fair Value Hedging      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)      
Net Investment Loss (40.2) 18.7 (26.8)
Derivative, Gain (Loss) on Derivative, Net 40.2 (18.7) 26.8
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Foreign Exchange Contracts | Interest and Debt Expense | Cash Flow Hedging      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)      
Interest and Debt Expense 0.0 0.0 0.0
Derivative, Gain (Loss) on Derivative, Net 0.0 0.0 0.0
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Foreign Exchange Contracts | Interest and Debt Expense | Fair Value Hedging      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)      
Interest and Debt Expense 0.0 0.0 0.0
Derivative, Gain (Loss) on Derivative, Net 0.0 0.0 0.0
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Forwards | Net Investment Income | Cash Flow Hedging      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)      
Net Investment Income 40.7 18.5 0.5
Derivative, Gain (Loss) on Derivative, Net (1.0) (0.5) 0.0
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Forwards | Net Realized Investment Gain (Loss) | Cash Flow Hedging      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)      
Net Investment Loss 0.0 0.0 0.0
Derivative, Gain (Loss) on Derivative, Net 0.0 0.0 0.0
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Forwards | Interest and Debt Expense | Cash Flow Hedging      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)      
Interest and Debt Expense 0.0 0.0 0.0
Derivative, Gain (Loss) on Derivative, Net $ 0.0 $ 0.0 $ 0.0
v3.25.0.1
Location of Gains and Losses on Derivative Instruments Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments (Detail) - Designated as Hedging Instrument - Cash Flow Hedging - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)      
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), before Reclassification and Tax $ (206.6) $ (26.8) $ (42.4)
Forwards      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)      
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), before Reclassification and Tax (213.8) (22.5) (49.8)
Foreign Exchange Contracts      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)      
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), before Reclassification and Tax $ 7.2 $ (4.3) $ 7.4
v3.25.0.1
Gains and Losses on Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)      
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives $ 3.8 $ (0.6) $ 2.6
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)      
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives 16.8 11.8 18.9
Foreign Exchange Contracts | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)      
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives 3.8 (0.6) 2.7
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)      
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives 13.0 12.4 16.2
Total Return Swap | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)      
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives $ (12.5) $ (13.6) $ 18.9
v3.25.0.1
Derivative Financial Instruments - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative      
Aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit risk-related contingent features in a liability position $ 255.7 $ 116.2  
Derivative, Notional Amount 3,751.4 2,983.7  
Approximate amount of net deferred gains on derivative instruments expected to be amortized during the next twelve months $ 9.2    
Maximum Length of Time Hedged in Cash Flow Hedge 39 years    
Component of Derivative Gain (Loss) Excluded from the Assessment of Hedge Effectiveness $ (22.0) (21.1) $ 17.6
Discontinued Hedge Accounting Due to Instrument No Longer Qualifying as Fair Value Hedge 0.0 0.0 $ 0.0
Designated as Hedging Instrument      
Derivative      
Derivative, Notional Amount 3,445.5 2,697.0  
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument      
Derivative      
Derivative, Notional Amount 305.9 286.7  
Cash Flow Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument      
Derivative      
Derivative, Notional Amount 2,709.1 2,054.5  
Interest Rate Swaps | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument      
Derivative      
Derivative, Notional Amount 125.9 132.0  
Interest Rate Swaps | Cash Flow Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument      
Derivative      
Derivative, Notional Amount 139.1 149.5  
Interest Rate Swaps | Fair Value Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument      
Derivative      
Derivative, Notional Amount 736.4 642.5  
Forwards | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument      
Derivative      
Derivative, Notional Amount 51.1 52.5  
Forwards | Cash Flow Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument      
Derivative      
Derivative, Notional Amount 2,570.0 1,905.0  
Total Return Swap | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument      
Derivative      
Derivative, Notional Amount 128.9 102.2  
Receive Fixed/Pay Fixed | Interest Rate Swaps | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument      
Derivative      
Derivative, Notional Amount 125.9 132.0  
Receive Fixed/Pay Fixed | Interest Rate Swaps | Cash Flow Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument      
Derivative      
Derivative, Notional Amount 139.1 149.5  
Receive Fixed/Pay Fixed | Interest Rate Swaps | Fair Value Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument      
Derivative      
Derivative, Notional Amount 736.4 642.5  
Credit Exposure      
Derivative      
Credit Exposure on Derivatives $ 0.5 $ 1.6  
v3.25.0.1
Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)        
Stockholders' Equity, Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest $ (2,523.7) $ (3,308.0) $ (3,448.3) $ (5,164.6)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications 749.7 121.7 1,721.9  
Amounts Reclassified from AOCI (34.6) (18.6) 5.6  
Total Other Comprehensive Income 784.3 140.3 1,716.3  
Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities        
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)        
Stockholders' Equity, Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest (2,755.2) (1,919.1) (3,028.4) 4,014.4
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications (870.4) 1,069.3 (7,066.0)  
Amounts Reclassified from AOCI (34.3) (40.0) (23.2)  
Total Other Comprehensive Income (836.1) 1,109.3 (7,042.8)  
Effect of Change in Discount Rate Assumptions on the LFPB        
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)        
Stockholders' Equity, Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest 1,185.4 (648.4) 313.9 (8,570.7)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications 1,833.8 (962.3) 8,884.6  
Amounts Reclassified from AOCI 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Total Other Comprehensive Income 1,833.8 (962.3) 8,884.6  
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives        
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)        
Stockholders' Equity, Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest (270.7) (73.7) (9.6) 61.8
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications (184.4) (37.4) (30.4)  
Amounts Reclassified from AOCI 12.6 26.7 41.0  
Total Other Comprehensive Income (197.0) (64.1) (71.4)  
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment        
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)        
Stockholders' Equity, Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest (343.0) (321.1) (390.1) (274.1)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications (21.9) 69.0 (116.0)  
Amounts Reclassified from AOCI 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Total Other Comprehensive Income (21.9) 69.0 (116.0)  
Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs        
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)        
Stockholders' Equity, Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest (340.2) (345.7) (334.1) $ (396.0)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications (7.4) (16.9) 49.7  
Amounts Reclassified from AOCI (12.9) (5.3) (12.2)  
Total Other Comprehensive Income $ 5.5 $ (11.6) $ 61.9  
v3.25.0.1
Schedule of Reclassifications Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income      
Net Investment Loss $ (34.6) $ (36.0) $ (15.7)
Impairement Loss [1] (2.5) 0.0 0.0
Change in Allowance for Credit Losses 3.0 2.2 4.6
Net Investment Income 2,130.0 2,096.7 2,122.2
Other Expenses (1,222.7) (1,112.0) (1,006.7)
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) 472.2 356.3 342.8
Net Income 1,779.1 1,283.8 1,407.2
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities      
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income      
Net Investment Loss (38.2) (48.7) (24.8)
Impairement Loss (2.5) 0.0 0.0
Change in Allowance for Credit Losses (3.0) (2.2) (4.6)
Income of Parent Company Before Income Tax (43.7) (50.9) (29.4)
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) (9.4) (10.9) (6.2)
Net Income (34.3) (40.0) (23.2)
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives      
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income      
Income of Parent Company Before Income Tax 16.0 33.8 51.9
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) 3.4 7.1 10.9
Net Income 12.6 26.7 41.0
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives | Interest Rate Swaps      
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income      
Net Investment Income 16.4 34.7 51.1
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives | Foreign Exchange Contracts      
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income      
Net Investment Loss (0.2) (0.4) 1.8
Net Investment Income (0.2) (0.5) (1.0)
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Net Actuarial Loss      
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income      
Other Expenses (16.4) (7.2) (15.7)
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Prior Service Credit      
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income      
Other Expenses 0.1 0.2 0.2
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs      
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income      
Income of Parent Company Before Income Tax (16.3) (7.0) (15.5)
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) (3.4) (1.7) (3.3)
Net Income $ (12.9) $ (5.3) $ (12.2)
[1]
1Includes write-down of securities that we intended to sell prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis.
v3.25.0.1
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]        
Future Policy Benefits $ 36,806.4 $ 40,009.4    
Unum US        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium [Roll Forward]        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year 2,431.4 2,071.1 $ 2,619.1  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance beginning of year 2,486.9 2,166.0 2,311.9  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change   (58.7) 185.7 $ (97.1)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience   (69.6) (90.2) (96.1)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change   2,358.6 2,261.5 2,118.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Issuance 485.0 486.5 304.8  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Interest Income 91.0 77.2 78.9  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Net Premium Collected (368.6) (338.3) (336.4)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance end of period 2,566.0 2,486.9 2,166.0  
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Tax (123.3) (55.5) (94.9)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance end of period 2,442.7 2,431.4 2,071.1  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year 11,752.5 11,698.2 14,564.4  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at beginning of year 11,949.5 12,177.3 12,671.7  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change   (197.2) 77.8 (228.2)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience   (309.1) (377.2) (384.6)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change   11,443.2 11,877.9 12,058.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Issuance [1] 1,991.0 2,007.7 2,083.8  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense 415.8 442.1 476.4  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Benefit Payment (2,284.2) (2,378.2) (2,441.8)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at end of period 11,565.8 11,949.5 12,177.3  
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Tax (535.8) (197.0) (479.1)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance end of period 11,030.0 11,752.5 11,698.2  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, before Other 8,587.3 9,321.1 9,627.1  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Other 30.4 31.6 41.6  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Other 8,617.7 9,352.7 9,668.7  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Reinsurance Recoverable, after Allowance 194.0 208.6 251.2  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, after Reinsurance 8,423.7 9,144.1 9,417.5  
Gross premiums or assessments 6,547.1 6,263.2 6,021.7  
interest accretion 324.8 364.9 397.5  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance 17,621.3 17,926.6 17,850.4  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance 11,657.3 11,175.4 9,504.7  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Discounted, before Reinsurance $ 8,027.2 $ 7,830.4 $ 6,901.2  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Interest Accretion Rate 4.30% 4.20% 4.00%  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Current Weighted-Average Discount Rate 4.90% 4.50% 4.70%  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Duration 7 years 1 month 6 days 7 years 6 years 9 months 18 days  
Future Policy Benefits [2] $ 8,617.7 $ 9,352.7 $ 9,668.7  
Unum International        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium [Roll Forward]        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year 270.3 197.1 260.5  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance beginning of year 298.4 246.8 258.1  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change   (5.9) (5.1) (0.3)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience   19.9 17.1 5.6
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change   312.4 258.8 263.4
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Issuance 34.4 23.5 17.8  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Interest Income 11.4 9.4 8.4  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Net Premium Collected (28.5) (23.0) (22.2)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Increase (Decrease) for Other Change (15.5) 29.7 (20.6)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance end of period 314.2 298.4 246.8  
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Tax (38.1) (28.1) (49.7)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance end of period 276.1 270.3 197.1  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year 2,527.4 2,231.4 3,181.8  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at beginning of year 2,687.1 2,495.5 2,703.8  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change   0.1 17.7 (20.1)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience   (20.5) 1.3 46.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change   2,666.7 2,514.5 2,730.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Issuance [3] 379.0 335.2 327.7  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense 67.9 63.5 64.9  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Benefit Payment (409.3) (388.3) (346.7)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Increase (Decrease) for Other Change (62.8) 162.2 (280.4)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at end of period 2,641.5 2,687.1 2,495.5  
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Tax (249.9) (159.7) (264.1)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance end of period 2,391.6 2,527.4 2,231.4  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, before Other 2,115.5 2,257.1 2,034.3  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Other 40.7 36.1 28.9  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Other 2,156.2 2,293.2 2,063.2  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Reinsurance Recoverable, after Allowance 67.9 78.7 70.3  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, after Reinsurance 2,088.3 2,214.5 1,992.9  
Gross premiums or assessments 957.1 849.0 786.8  
interest accretion 56.5 54.1 56.5  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance 4,258.2 4,261.1 3,905.4  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance 1,295.7 1,196.6 943.9  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Discounted, before Reinsurance $ 823.4 $ 778.6 $ 626.2  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Interest Accretion Rate 4.10% 4.00% 4.00%  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Current Weighted-Average Discount Rate 5.10% 4.60% 5.00%  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Duration 8 years 9 months 18 days 8 years 7 months 6 days 8 years 7 months 6 days  
Future Policy Benefits $ 2,156.2 $ 2,293.2 $ 2,063.2  
Colonial Life        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium [Roll Forward]        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year 3,592.6 3,745.4 4,597.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance beginning of year 3,754.3 4,046.4 4,158.9  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change   (7.9) (322.7) (32.3)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience   (57.3) (53.5) (145.6)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change   3,689.1 3,670.2 3,981.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Issuance 555.9 544.9 554.9  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Interest Income 132.8 122.7 129.7  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Net Premium Collected (584.0) (583.5) (619.2)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance end of period 3,793.8 3,754.3 4,046.4  
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Tax (240.5) (161.7) (301.0)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance end of period 3,553.3 3,592.6 3,745.4  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year 5,566.0 5,581.1 7,054.8  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at beginning of year 5,925.2 6,163.9 6,201.5  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change   (52.7) (402.9) (85.9)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience   (92.2) (52.0) (191.3)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change   5,780.3 5,709.0 5,924.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Issuance 610.8 605.9 628.5  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense 224.4 211.3 217.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Benefit Payment (589.3) (601.0) (605.9)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at end of period 6,026.2 5,925.2 6,163.9  
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Tax (591.3) (359.2) (582.8)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance end of period 5,434.9 5,566.0 5,581.1  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, before Other 1,881.6 1,973.4 1,835.7  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Other 22.6 24.4 22.7  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Other 1,904.2 1,997.8 1,858.4  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Reinsurance Recoverable, after Allowance 0.9 1.8 1.1  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, after Reinsurance 1,903.3 1,996.0 1,857.3  
Gross premiums or assessments 1,718.9 1,658.6 1,635.8  
interest accretion 91.6 88.6 87.3  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance 10,409.4 9,796.7 10,011.9  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance 12,618.4 11,903.1 12,221.3  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Discounted, before Reinsurance $ 9,049.4 $ 8,702.2 $ 8,966.3  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Interest Accretion Rate 4.40% 4.30% 4.30%  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Current Weighted-Average Discount Rate 5.50% 4.80% 5.20%  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Duration 17 years 3 months 18 days 17 years 17 years 6 months  
Future Policy Benefits $ 1,904.2 $ 1,997.8 $ 1,858.4  
Closed Block        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium [Roll Forward]        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year 8,123.5 6,412.6 8,404.7  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance beginning of year 7,703.6 6,236.1 6,457.3  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change   145.5 1,641.3 27.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience   (41.2) 44.1 (33.5)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change   7,807.9 7,921.5 6,451.6
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Interest Income 401.8 374.7 349.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Net Premium Collected (616.8) (592.6) (564.5)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance end of period 7,592.9 7,703.6 6,236.1  
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Tax 65.6 419.9 176.5  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance end of period 7,658.5 8,123.5 6,412.6  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year 32,577.7 29,418.7 40,504.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at beginning of year 30,743.9 28,852.3 28,820.2  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change   1.3 2,009.4 241.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience   85.7 117.1 (5.5)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change   30,830.9 30,978.8 29,056.5
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Issuance [4] 101.2 123.4 154.5  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense 1,545.0 1,510.3 1,477.9  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Benefit Payment (1,932.4) (1,868.6) (1,836.6)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at end of period 30,544.7 30,743.9 28,852.3  
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Tax (481.1) 1,833.8 566.4  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance end of period 30,063.6 32,577.7 29,418.7  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, before Other 22,405.1 24,454.2 23,006.1  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Other [5] 1,498.0 1,661.2 1,761.3  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Other 23,903.1 26,115.4 24,767.4  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Reinsurance Recoverable, after Allowance 6,775.9 7,466.9 7,805.5  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, after Reinsurance 17,127.2 18,648.5 16,961.9  
Gross premiums or assessments 884.4 919.9 947.5  
interest accretion 1,143.2 1,135.6 1,128.9  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance 71,145.2 73,341.4 65,293.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance 13,767.1 14,486.4 12,629.9  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Discounted, before Reinsurance $ 8,029.1 $ 8,241.7 $ 7,333.5  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Interest Accretion Rate 5.30% 5.20% 5.20%  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Current Weighted-Average Discount Rate 5.50% 4.90% 5.20%  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Duration 12 years 10 months 24 days 13 years 2 months 12 days 12 years 4 months 24 days  
Future Policy Benefits [2] $ 23,903.1 $ 26,115.4 $ 24,767.4  
Other Products        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]        
Future Policy Benefits [2] 225.2 250.3 219.4  
Group Disability | Unum US        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium [Roll Forward]        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance beginning of year 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change   0.0 0.0 0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience   0.0 0.0 0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change   0.0 0.0 0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Issuance 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Interest Income 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Net Premium Collected 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance end of period 0.0 0.0 0.0  
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Tax 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance end of period 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year 5,147.4 5,533.3 6,725.7  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at beginning of year 5,277.1 5,793.1 6,158.3  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change   (76.4) (100.2) (102.0)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience   (168.9) (204.0) (239.4)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change   5,031.8 5,488.9 5,816.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Issuance [1] 1,093.2 1,094.5 1,304.3  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense 151.3 171.2 210.5  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Benefit Payment (1,368.8) (1,477.5) (1,538.6)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at end of period 4,907.5 5,277.1 5,793.1  
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Tax (171.7) (129.7) (259.8)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance end of period 4,735.8 5,147.4 5,533.3  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, before Other 4,735.8 5,147.4 5,533.3  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Other 0.4 0.2 0.4  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Other 4,736.2 5,147.6 5,533.7  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Reinsurance Recoverable, after Allowance 26.4 30.7 36.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, after Reinsurance 4,709.8 5,116.9 5,497.7  
Gross premiums or assessments 3,070.4 2,958.7 2,791.7  
interest accretion 151.3 171.2 210.5  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance 5,953.3 6,376.6 6,988.1  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Discounted, before Reinsurance $ 0.0 $ 0.0 $ 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Interest Accretion Rate 4.20% 4.00% 3.80%  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Current Weighted-Average Discount Rate 4.90% 4.60% 4.90%  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Duration 4 years 2 months 12 days 4 years 3 months 18 days 4 years 4 months 24 days  
Group Life and AD&D | Unum US        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium [Roll Forward]        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year $ 0.0 $ 0.0 $ 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance beginning of year 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change   0.0 0.0 0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience   0.0 0.0 0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change   0.0 0.0 0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Issuance 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Interest Income 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Net Premium Collected 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance end of period 0.0 0.0 0.0  
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Tax 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance end of period 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year 922.0 972.6 1,124.1  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at beginning of year 936.5 998.5 1,058.3  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change   (17.0) 0.0 (32.9)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience   (53.1) (37.0) (34.3)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change   866.4 961.5 991.1
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Issuance [1] 375.4 394.2 444.1  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense 17.7 20.0 24.5  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Benefit Payment (406.9) (439.2) (461.2)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at end of period 852.6 936.5 998.5  
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Tax (17.4) (14.5) (25.9)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance end of period 835.2 922.0 972.6  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, before Other 835.2 922.0 972.6  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Other 0.8 1.0 0.9  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Other 836.0 923.0 973.5  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Reinsurance Recoverable, after Allowance 5.3 7.2 7.5  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, after Reinsurance 830.7 915.8 966.0  
Gross premiums or assessments 1,996.0 1,878.0 1,864.9  
interest accretion 17.7 20.0 24.5  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance 964.5 1,063.2 1,133.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Discounted, before Reinsurance $ 0.0 $ 0.0 $ 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Interest Accretion Rate 2.30% 2.20% 2.20%  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Current Weighted-Average Discount Rate 2.70% 2.60% 2.70%  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Duration 2 years 4 months 24 days 2 years 7 months 6 days 2 years 7 months 6 days  
Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium [Roll Forward]        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year $ 1,134.7 $ 868.2 $ 1,124.8  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance beginning of year 1,192.5 937.9 1,032.3  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change   41.5 180.7 (23.4)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience   (66.2) (79.8) (70.9)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change   1,167.8 1,038.8 938.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Issuance 316.3 288.6 136.2  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Interest Income 39.4 29.0 29.1  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Net Premium Collected (188.2) (163.9) (165.4)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance end of period 1,335.3 1,192.5 937.9  
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Tax (95.1) (57.8) (69.7)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance end of period 1,240.2 1,134.7 868.2  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year 2,334.5 1,999.5 2,697.3  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at beginning of year 2,422.0 2,141.2 2,201.8  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change   51.6 170.1 (39.9)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience   (68.0) (90.9) (74.9)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change   2,405.6 2,220.4 2,087.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Issuance [1] 339.3 303.7 154.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense 97.7 86.2 86.1  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Benefit Payment (228.0) (188.3) (185.9)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at end of period 2,614.6 2,422.0 2,141.2  
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Tax (252.1) (87.5) (141.7)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance end of period 2,362.5 2,334.5 1,999.5  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, before Other 1,122.3 1,199.8 1,131.3  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Other 2.8 2.6 15.6  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Other 1,125.1 1,202.4 1,146.9  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Reinsurance Recoverable, after Allowance 13.0 14.0 14.1  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, after Reinsurance 1,112.1 1,188.4 1,132.8  
Gross premiums or assessments 821.7 789.9 773.6  
interest accretion 58.3 57.2 57.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance 5,590.6 5,173.1 4,561.1  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance 5,799.1 5,450.6 3,979.6  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Discounted, before Reinsurance $ 3,815.4 $ 3,717.5 $ 2,939.1  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Interest Accretion Rate 5.00% 5.00% 5.10%  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Current Weighted-Average Discount Rate 5.50% 4.90% 5.20%  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Duration 18 years 3 months 18 days 18 years 1 month 6 days 17 years 9 months 18 days  
Individual Disability | Unum US        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium [Roll Forward]        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year $ 1,296.7 $ 1,202.9 $ 1,494.3  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance beginning of year 1,294.4 1,228.1 1,279.6  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change   (100.2) 5.0 (73.7)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience   (3.4) (10.4) (25.2)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change   1,190.8 1,222.7 1,180.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Issuance 168.7 197.9 168.6  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Interest Income 51.6 48.2 49.8  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Net Premium Collected (180.4) (174.4) (171.0)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance end of period 1,230.7 1,294.4 1,228.1  
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Tax (28.2) 2.3 (25.2)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance end of period 1,202.5 1,296.7 1,202.9  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year 3,348.6 3,192.8 4,017.3  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at beginning of year 3,313.9 3,244.5 3,253.3  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change   (155.4) 7.9 (53.4)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience   (19.1) (45.3) (36.0)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change   3,139.4 3,207.1 3,163.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Issuance [1] 183.1 215.3 181.4  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense 149.1 164.7 155.3  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Benefit Payment (280.5) (273.2) (256.1)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at end of period 3,191.1 3,313.9 3,244.5  
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Tax (94.6) 34.7 (51.7)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance end of period 3,096.5 3,348.6 3,192.8  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, before Other 1,894.0 2,051.9 1,989.9  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Other 26.4 27.8 24.7  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Other 1,920.4 2,079.7 2,014.6  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Reinsurance Recoverable, after Allowance 149.3 156.7 193.6  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, after Reinsurance 1,771.1 1,923.0 1,821.0  
Gross premiums or assessments 659.0 636.6 591.5  
interest accretion 97.5 116.5 105.5  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance 5,112.9 5,313.7 5,168.2  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance 5,858.2 5,724.8 5,525.1  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Discounted, before Reinsurance $ 4,211.8 $ 4,112.9 $ 3,962.1  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Interest Accretion Rate 5.10% 5.10% 5.10%  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Current Weighted-Average Discount Rate 5.30% 4.80% 5.10%  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Duration 9 years 4 months 24 days 9 years 7 months 6 days 9 years 4 months 24 days  
Long-term Care | Closed Block        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium [Roll Forward]        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year $ 8,123.5 $ 6,412.6 $ 8,404.7  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance beginning of year 7,703.6 6,236.1 6,457.3  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change   145.5 1,641.3 27.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience   (41.2) 44.1 (33.5)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change   7,807.9 7,921.5 6,451.6
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Interest Income 401.8 374.7 349.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Net Premium Collected (616.8) (592.6) (564.5)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance end of period 7,592.9 7,703.6 6,236.1  
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Tax 65.6 419.9 176.5  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance end of period 7,658.5 8,123.5 6,412.6  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year 24,697.7 21,199.9 30,089.6  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at beginning of year 22,649.3 20,221.6 19,870.8  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change   (4.1) 2,009.4 24.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience   68.3 113.1 (36.2)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change   22,713.5 22,344.1 19,859.5
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Issuance [4] 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense 1,199.8 1,151.4 1,105.1  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Benefit Payment (959.6) (846.2) (743.0)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at end of period 22,953.7 22,649.3 20,221.6  
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Tax (28.5) 2,048.4 978.3  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance end of period 22,925.2 24,697.7 21,199.9  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, before Other 15,266.7 16,574.2 14,787.3  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Other [5] 1.7 23.1 24.3  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Other 15,268.4 16,597.3 14,811.6  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Reinsurance Recoverable, after Allowance 4.2 4.5 5.7  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, after Reinsurance 15,264.2 16,592.8 14,805.9  
Gross premiums or assessments 696.2 696.1 697.5  
interest accretion 798.0 776.7 756.1  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance 60,051.5 61,447.7 52,544.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance 13,767.1 14,486.4 12,629.9  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Discounted, before Reinsurance $ 8,029.1 $ 8,241.7 $ 7,333.5  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Interest Accretion Rate 5.60% 5.60% 5.50%  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Current Weighted-Average Discount Rate 5.60% 5.00% 5.20%  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Duration 15 years 8 months 12 days 16 years 4 months 24 days 15 years 6 months  
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium [Roll Forward]        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year $ 0.0 $ 0.0 $ 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance beginning of year 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change   0.0 0.0 0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience   0.0 0.0 0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change   0.0 0.0 0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Interest Income 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Net Premium Collected 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance end of period 0.0 0.0 0.0  
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Tax 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance end of period 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year 7,880.0 8,218.8 10,414.4  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at beginning of year 8,094.6 8,630.7 8,949.4  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change   5.4 0.0 216.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience   17.4 4.0 30.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change   8,117.4 8,634.7 9,197.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Issuance [4] 101.2 123.4 154.5  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense 345.2 358.9 372.8  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Benefit Payment (972.8) (1,022.4) (1,093.6)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at end of period 7,591.0 8,094.6 8,630.7  
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Tax (452.6) (214.6) (411.9)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance end of period 7,138.4 7,880.0 8,218.8  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, before Other 7,138.4 7,880.0 8,218.8  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Other [5] 1,496.3 1,638.1 1,737.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Other 8,634.7 9,518.1 9,955.8  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Reinsurance Recoverable, after Allowance 6,771.7 7,462.4 7,799.8  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, after Reinsurance 1,863.0 2,055.7 2,156.0  
Gross premiums or assessments 188.2 223.8 250.0  
interest accretion 345.2 358.9 372.8  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance 11,093.7 11,893.7 12,749.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Discounted, before Reinsurance $ 0.0 $ 0.0 $ 0.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Interest Accretion Rate 4.60% 4.60% 4.60%  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Current Weighted-Average Discount Rate 5.40% 4.90% 5.10%  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Duration 7 years 2 months 12 days 7 years 3 months 18 days 7 years 4 months 24 days  
Operating Segments        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium [Roll Forward]        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year $ 14,417.8 $ 12,426.2 $ 15,881.3  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance beginning of year 14,243.2 12,695.3 13,186.2  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change   73.0 1,499.2 (101.9)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience   (148.2) (82.5) (269.6)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change   14,168.0 14,112.0 12,814.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Issuance 1,075.3 1,054.9 877.5  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Interest Income 637.0 584.0 566.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Net Premium Collected (1,597.9) (1,537.4) (1,542.3)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Increase (Decrease) for Other Change (15.5) 29.7 (20.6)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance end of period 14,266.9 14,243.2 12,695.3  
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Tax (336.3) 174.6 (269.1)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance end of period 13,930.6 14,417.8 12,426.2  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]        
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year 52,423.6 48,929.4 65,305.0  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at beginning of year 51,305.7 49,689.0 50,397.2  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change   (248.5) 1,702.0 (92.4)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience   (336.1) (310.8) (535.1)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change   50,721.1 51,080.2 $ 49,769.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Issuance [6] 3,082.0 3,072.2 3,194.5  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense 2,253.1 2,227.2 2,236.2  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Benefit Payment (5,215.2) (5,236.1) (5,231.0)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Increase (Decrease) for Other Change (62.8) 162.2 (280.4)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at end of period 50,778.2 51,305.7 49,689.0  
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Tax (1,858.1) 1,117.9 (759.6)  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance end of period 48,920.1 52,423.6 48,929.4  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, before Other 34,989.5 38,005.8 36,503.2  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Other [7] 1,591.7 1,753.3 1,854.5  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Other 36,581.2 39,759.1 38,357.7  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Reinsurance Recoverable, after Allowance 7,038.7 7,756.1 8,128.2  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, after Reinsurance 29,542.5 32,003.0 30,229.5  
Gross premiums or assessments 10,107.5 9,690.7 9,391.8  
interest accretion 1,616.1 1,643.2 1,670.2  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance 103,434.1 105,325.8 97,060.7  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance 39,338.5 38,761.5 35,299.8  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Discounted, before Reinsurance $ 25,929.1 $ 25,552.9 $ 23,827.2  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Interest Accretion Rate 4.90% 4.80% 4.80%  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Current Weighted-Average Discount Rate 5.30% 4.80% 5.00%  
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Duration 11 years 4 months 24 days 11 years 6 months 10 years 10 months 24 days  
Future Policy Benefits $ 36,806.4 $ 40,009.4 $ 38,577.1  
[1]
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. Issuances for Unum US group disability and Unum US group life and AD&D represents new claim incurrals.
[2]
1Unum US excludes the dental and vision product line and medical stop-loss products and Closed Block excludes our participating fund account, which represents policies issued by one of our subsidiaries prior to its 1986 conversion from a mutual stock life insurance company. The liabilities associated with these products are included within Other products.
[3]
1Issuances for Unum International primarily represent new claim incurrals.
[4]
1Issuances for Closed Block - All Other represents new claim incurrals.
[5]
2Other for Closed Block - All Other primarily includes our closed block group pension products and certain of our ceded closed block individual life products.
[6]
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. For our Unum US group disability, Unum US group life and AD&D and Closed Block - All Other product lines and certain of our Unum International product lines, this line represents new claim incurrals.
[7]
2Other primarily relates to our Closed Block - All Other product line.
v3.25.0.1
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Long-term Care | Closed Block    
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity [Line Items]    
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Adverse Development, Expense $ (46.2) $ 226.5
v3.25.0.1
Policyholders' Account Balances (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Policyholder Account Balance [Roll Forward]      
Policyholders' Account Balances $ 5,633.7 $ 5,667.7  
Operating Segments      
Policyholder Account Balance [Roll Forward]      
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, beginning of year 5,514.2 5,598.6 $ 5,679.6
Policyholder Account Balance, Premium Received 159.7 175.1 187.6
Policyholder Account Balance, Policy Charge (230.1) [1] (242.3) [1] (248.0)
Policyholder Account Balance, Surrender and Withdrawal (81.3) (88.9) (90.4)
Policyholder Account Balance, Benefit Payment (258.9) (233.1) (311.5)
Policyholder Account Balance, Interest Expense 355.5 378.5 369.2
Policyholder Account Balance, Increase (Decrease) from Other Change 10.9 (73.7) 12.1
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, end of period 5,470.0 5,514.2 5,598.6
Policyholder Account Balance, Reserves in excess of Account Balance 163.7 153.5 141.6
Policyholders' Account Balances 5,633.7 5,667.7 5,740.2
Policyholder Account Balance, Reinsurance recoverable 4,096.3 4,120.7 4,192.7
Policyholder Account Balance, After reinsurance recoverable $ 1,537.4 $ 1,547.0 $ 1,547.5
Policyholder Account Balance, Weighted Average Crediting Rate 6.70% 7.00% 6.70%
Policyholder Account Balance, Net Amount at Risk $ 14,058.3 [2] $ 15,080.0 [2] $ 16,178.1
Policyholder Account Balance, Cash Surrender Value 5,410.1 5,442.7 5,430.1
Colonial Life      
Policyholder Account Balance [Roll Forward]      
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, beginning of year 852.9 852.4 849.2
Policyholder Account Balance, Premium Received 79.5 84.9 90.9
Policyholder Account Balance, Policy Charge (71.9) [1] (74.7) [1] (78.0)
Policyholder Account Balance, Surrender and Withdrawal (38.0) (36.8) (36.2)
Policyholder Account Balance, Benefit Payment (7.8) (7.2) (8.0)
Policyholder Account Balance, Interest Expense 34.1 34.2 34.2
Policyholder Account Balance, Increase (Decrease) from Other Change 0.2 0.1 0.3
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, end of period 849.0 852.9 852.4
Policyholder Account Balance, Reserves in excess of Account Balance 13.5 16.9 16.7
Policyholders' Account Balances 862.5 869.8 869.1
Policyholder Account Balance, Reinsurance recoverable 0.0 0.0 0.2
Policyholder Account Balance, After reinsurance recoverable $ 862.5 $ 869.8 $ 868.9
Policyholder Account Balance, Weighted Average Crediting Rate 4.10% 4.10% 4.10%
Policyholder Account Balance, Net Amount at Risk $ 8,201.1 [2] $ 8,760.1 [2] $ 9,338.5
Policyholder Account Balance, Cash Surrender Value 819.8 813.5 800.9
Voluntary Benefits | Unum US      
Policyholder Account Balance [Roll Forward]      
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, beginning of year 578.6 586.8 598.7
Policyholder Account Balance, Premium Received 53.7 58.5 64.5
Policyholder Account Balance, Policy Charge (56.8) [1] (60.4) [1] (64.5)
Policyholder Account Balance, Surrender and Withdrawal (30.9) (33.3) (32.9)
Policyholder Account Balance, Benefit Payment (6.0) (9.7) (10.7)
Policyholder Account Balance, Interest Expense 20.8 22.2 23.5
Policyholder Account Balance, Increase (Decrease) from Other Change 9.4 14.5 8.2
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, end of period 568.8 578.6 586.8
Policyholder Account Balance, Reserves in excess of Account Balance 106.9 99.5 92.9
Policyholders' Account Balances 675.7 678.1 679.7
Policyholder Account Balance, Reinsurance recoverable 0.8 0.9 1.1
Policyholder Account Balance, After reinsurance recoverable $ 674.9 $ 677.2 $ 678.6
Policyholder Account Balance, Weighted Average Crediting Rate 3.70% 3.90% 4.00%
Policyholder Account Balance, Net Amount at Risk $ 4,132.2 [2] $ 4,495.6 [2] $ 4,908.0
Policyholder Account Balance, Cash Surrender Value 559.0 566.9 583.3
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block      
Policyholder Account Balance [Roll Forward]      
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, beginning of year 4,082.7 4,159.4 4,231.7
Policyholder Account Balance, Premium Received 26.5 31.7 32.2
Policyholder Account Balance, Policy Charge (101.4) [1] (107.2) [1] (105.5)
Policyholder Account Balance, Surrender and Withdrawal (12.4) (18.8) (21.3)
Policyholder Account Balance, Benefit Payment (245.1) (216.2) (292.8)
Policyholder Account Balance, Interest Expense 300.6 322.1 311.5
Policyholder Account Balance, Increase (Decrease) from Other Change 1.3 (88.3) 3.6
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, end of period 4,052.2 4,082.7 4,159.4
Policyholder Account Balance, Reserves in excess of Account Balance 43.3 37.1 32.0
Policyholders' Account Balances 4,095.5 4,119.8 4,191.4
Policyholder Account Balance, Reinsurance recoverable 4,095.5 4,119.8 4,191.4
Policyholder Account Balance, After reinsurance recoverable $ 0.0 $ 0.0 $ 0.0
Policyholder Account Balance, Weighted Average Crediting Rate 7.60% 8.00% 7.60%
Policyholder Account Balance, Net Amount at Risk $ 1,725.0 [2] $ 1,824.3 [2] $ 1,931.6
Policyholder Account Balance, Cash Surrender Value $ 4,031.3 $ 4,062.3 $ 4,045.9
[1]
1Contracts included in the policyholders' account balances are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.
[2]
2For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date.
v3.25.0.1
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Operating Segments        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance $ 5,470.0 $ 5,514.2 $ 5,598.6 $ 5,679.6
Colonial Life        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 849.0 852.9 852.4 849.2
Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 568.8 578.6 586.8 598.7
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 4,052.2 4,082.7 4,159.4 $ 4,231.7
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 to 0399 | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance $ 89.3 $ 91.9 $ 94.4  
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 to 0399 | Minimum | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating 3.00% 3.00% 3.00%  
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 to 0399 | Maximum | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating 3.99% 3.99% 3.99%  
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0499 | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance $ 448.6 $ 454.9 $ 458.4  
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0499 | Minimum | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating 4.00% 4.00% 4.00%  
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0499 | Maximum | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating 4.99% 4.99% 4.99%  
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0500 and 0600 | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance $ 30.9 $ 31.8 $ 34.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0500 and 0600 | Minimum | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating 5.00% 5.00% 5.00%  
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0500 and 0600 | Maximum | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating 6.00% 6.00% 6.00%  
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0500 | Colonial Life        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance $ 849.0 $ 852.9 $ 852.4  
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0500 | Minimum | Colonial Life        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating 4.00% 4.00% 4.00%  
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0500 | Maximum | Colonial Life        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating 5.00% 5.00% 5.00%  
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 and 0599 | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance $ 1,532.2 $ 1,639.3 $ 1,697.2  
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 and 0599 | Minimum | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating 3.00% 3.00% 3.00%  
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 and 0599 | Maximum | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating 5.99% 5.99% 5.99%  
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0600 and 0899 | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance $ 26.0 $ 32.3 $ 31.4  
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0600 and 0899 | Minimum | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating 6.00% 6.00% 6.00%  
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0600 and 0899 | Maximum | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating 8.99% 8.99% 8.99%  
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0900 and 1199 | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance $ 2,432.2 $ 2,354.9 $ 2,378.2  
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0900 and 1199 | Minimum | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating 9.00% 9.00% 9.00%  
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0900 and 1199 | Maximum | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating 11.99% 11.99% 11.99%  
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 1200 and 1500 | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance $ 61.8 $ 56.2 $ 52.6  
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 1200 and 1500 | Minimum | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating 12.00% 12.00% 12.00%  
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 1200 and 1500 | Maximum | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating 15.00% 15.00% 15.00%  
Policyholder Account Balance, at Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate | Operating Segments        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance $ 3,762.4 $ 2,044.0 $ 5,373.2  
Policyholder Account Balance, at Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 338.7 350.8 402.9  
Policyholder Account Balance, at Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 2,581.0 846.5 4,123.9  
Policyholder Account Balance, at Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 to 0399 | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 89.3 91.9 94.4  
Policyholder Account Balance, at Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0499 | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 218.5 227.1 274.5  
Policyholder Account Balance, at Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0500 and 0600 | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 30.9 31.8 34.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, at Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0500 | Colonial Life        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 842.7 846.7 846.4  
Policyholder Account Balance, at Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 and 0599 | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 1,280.2 526.8 1,661.7  
Policyholder Account Balance, at Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0600 and 0899 | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 26.0 1.3 31.4  
Policyholder Account Balance, at Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0900 and 1199 | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 1,274.8 318.4 2,378.2  
Policyholder Account Balance, at Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 1200 and 1500 | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 0.0 0.0 52.6  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0001 to 0050 | Operating Segments        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 1,647.1 3,401.8 219.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0001 to 0050 | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 195.0 190.1 183.9  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0001 to 0050 | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 1,445.8 3,205.5 29.1  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0001 to 0050 | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 to 0399 | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0001 to 0050 | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0499 | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 195.0 190.1 183.9  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0001 to 0050 | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0500 and 0600 | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0001 to 0050 | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0500 | Colonial Life        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 6.3 6.2 6.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0001 to 0050 | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 and 0599 | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 226.6 1,081.8 29.1  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0001 to 0050 | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0600 and 0899 | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 0.0 31.0 0.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0001 to 0050 | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0900 and 1199 | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 1,157.4 2,036.5 0.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0001 to 0050 | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 1200 and 1500 | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 61.8 56.2 0.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0051 to 0150 | Operating Segments        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 60.5 68.4 6.4  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0051 to 0150 | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 35.1 37.7 0.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0051 to 0150 | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 25.4 30.7 6.4  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0051 to 0150 | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 to 0399 | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0051 to 0150 | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0499 | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 35.1 37.7 0.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0051 to 0150 | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0500 and 0600 | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0051 to 0150 | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0500 | Colonial Life        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0051 to 0150 | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 and 0599 | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 25.4 30.7 6.4  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0051 to 0150 | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0600 and 0899 | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0051 to 0150 | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0900 and 1199 | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0051 to 0150 | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 1200 and 1500 | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0151 and Greater | Operating Segments        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0151 and Greater | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0151 and Greater | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0151 and Greater | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 to 0399 | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0151 and Greater | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0499 | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0151 and Greater | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0500 and 0600 | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0151 and Greater | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0500 | Colonial Life        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0151 and Greater | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 and 0599 | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0151 and Greater | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0600 and 0899 | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0151 and Greater | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0900 and 1199 | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance 0.0 0.0 0.0  
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0151 and Greater | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 1200 and 1500 | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block        
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]        
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance $ 0.0 $ 0.0 $ 0.0  
v3.25.0.1
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Movement Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs      
Deferred Acquisition Costs at Beginning of Year $ 2,714.5    
Amortization expense (521.0) $ (481.4) $ (421.1)
Deferred Acquisition Costs at End of Year 2,842.8 2,714.5  
Operating Segments      
Movement Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs      
Deferred Acquisition Costs at Beginning of Year 2,714.5 2,560.0 2,427.4
Capitalization 651.5 632.2 556.9
Amortization expense (521.0) (481.4) (421.1)
Foreign currency (2.2) 3.7 (3.2)
Deferred Acquisition Costs at End of Year 2,842.8 2,714.5 2,560.0
Unum US      
Movement Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs      
Deferred Acquisition Costs at Beginning of Year 1,232.2 1,185.1 1,152.9
Capitalization 320.9 314.7 273.1
Amortization expense (292.5) (267.6) (240.9)
Foreign currency 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deferred Acquisition Costs at End of Year 1,260.6 1,232.2 1,185.1
Unum US | Operating Segments      
Movement Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs      
Capitalization 320.9 314.7 273.1
Amortization expense (292.5) (267.6) (240.9)
Unum International      
Movement Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs      
Deferred Acquisition Costs at Beginning of Year 46.9 37.0 36.4
Capitalization 17.8 14.6 12.0
Amortization expense (9.5) (8.4) (8.2)
Foreign currency (2.2) 3.7 (3.2)
Deferred Acquisition Costs at End of Year 53.0 46.9 37.0
Unum International | Operating Segments      
Movement Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs      
Capitalization 17.8 14.6 12.0
Amortization expense (9.5) (8.4) (8.2)
Colonial Life      
Movement Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs      
Deferred Acquisition Costs at Beginning of Year 1,435.4 1,337.9 1,238.1
Capitalization 312.8 302.9 271.8
Amortization expense (219.0) (205.4) (172.0)
Foreign currency 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deferred Acquisition Costs at End of Year 1,529.2 1,435.4 1,337.9
Colonial Life | Operating Segments      
Movement Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs      
Capitalization 312.8 302.9 271.8
Amortization expense (219.0) (205.4) (172.0)
Group Disability | Unum US      
Movement Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs      
Deferred Acquisition Costs at Beginning of Year 63.6 61.0 60.9
Capitalization 62.2 60.2 53.1
Amortization expense (64.7) (57.6) (53.0)
Deferred Acquisition Costs at End of Year 61.1 63.6 61.0
Group Life and AD&D | Unum US      
Movement Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs      
Deferred Acquisition Costs at Beginning of Year 48.9 49.3 53.9
Capitalization 40.6 38.6 37.3
Amortization expense (38.4) (39.0) (41.9)
Deferred Acquisition Costs at End of Year 51.1 48.9 49.3
Voluntary Benefits | Unum US      
Movement Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs      
Deferred Acquisition Costs at Beginning of Year 610.6 601.0 588.6
Capitalization 120.2 115.8 100.0
Amortization expense (116.5) (106.2) (87.6)
Deferred Acquisition Costs at End of Year 614.3 610.6 601.0
Individual Disability | Unum US      
Movement Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs      
Deferred Acquisition Costs at Beginning of Year 497.8 464.4 441.8
Capitalization 83.4 87.4 72.0
Amortization expense (60.0) (54.0) (49.4)
Deferred Acquisition Costs at End of Year 521.2 497.8 464.4
Dental and Vision | Unum US      
Movement Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs      
Deferred Acquisition Costs at Beginning of Year 11.3 9.4 7.7
Capitalization 14.5 12.7 10.7
Amortization expense (12.9) (10.8) (9.0)
Deferred Acquisition Costs at End of Year $ 12.9 $ 11.3 $ 9.4
v3.25.0.1
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax [Abstract]      
Income Tax Expense $ 472.2 $ 356.3 $ 342.8
Total Income Tax Expense 696.1 381.6 836.7
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax      
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Change in Net Unrealized Gain on Securities (226.6) 300.6 (1,890.8)
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Change in the Effect of Discount Rate Assumptions on the Liability for Future Policy and Contract Benefits 488.9 (256.5) 2,385.1
Income Tax Benefit, Change in Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives (51.5) (17.0) (19.2)
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Change in Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment 1.1 0.9 (0.1)
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Change in Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs $ 12.0 $ (2.7) $ 18.9
v3.25.0.1
Reconciliation of income tax computed at US Federal tax rates (Detail)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax [Abstract]      
Statutory Income Tax 21.00% 21.00% 21.00%
Policyholder Reserves 0.30% (0.60%) (1.70%)
Other Items, Net (0.30%) 1.30% 0.30%
Effective Tax 21.00% 21.70% 19.60%
v3.25.0.1
Schedule of deferred income tax assets and liabilities (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax [Abstract]    
Deferred Tax Assets, Investments $ 593.2 $ 354.5
Deferred Tax Asset, Reserves 0.0 462.6
Deferred Tax Asset, Employee Benefits 146.3 161.9
Deferred Tax Asset, Other 36.8 35.8
Deferred Tax Assets, Gross, Total 776.3 1,014.8
Less: Valuation Allowance 12.1 11.0
Deferred Tax Assets, Net of Valuation Allowance, Total 764.2 1,003.8
Deferred Tax Liabilities, Deferred Acquisition Cost 167.0 175.1
Deferred Tax Liability, Reserves 85.9 0.0
Deferred Tax Liabilities, Cost of Reinsurance 110.4 119.7
Deferred Tax Liability, Other 62.2 86.6
Gross Deferred Tax Liability 425.5 381.4
Deferred Income Tax $ 338.7 $ 622.4
v3.25.0.1
Schedule of Income subject to domestic and foreign taxation (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax [Abstract]      
Income Before Tax, Domestic $ 2,129.5 $ 1,506.2 $ 1,596.8
Income Before Tax, Foreign 121.8 133.9 153.2
Income Before Income Tax 2,251.3 1,640.1 1,750.0
Current Tax Expense (Benefit), Domestic 393.1 440.4 306.5
Current State and Local Tax Expense (Benefit) (8.5) (2.5) 12.7
Current Tax Expense (Benefit), Foreign 47.5 14.1 154.3
Income Tax (Benefit) - Current 432.1 452.0 473.5
Deferred Tax Expense (Benefit), Federal 59.8 (106.2) 42.7
Deferred State and Local Income Tax Expense (Benefit) (0.6) (1.5) 1.1
Deferred Tax Expense (Benefit), Foreign (19.1) 12.0 (174.5)
Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit) 40.1 (95.7) (130.7)
Income Tax Expense $ 472.2 $ 356.3 $ 342.8
v3.25.0.1
Unrecognized tax benefits (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax [Abstract]      
Balance at Beginning of Year $ 156.7 $ 177.4 $ 198.8
Decreases for Tax Positions Related to Prior Years (20.7) (20.7) (21.0)
Lapse of the Applicable Statute of Limitations 0.0 0.0 (0.4)
Balance at End of Year 136.0 156.7 177.4
Less Tax Attributable to Temporary Items Included Above (21.2) (42.4) (63.5)
Total Unrecognized Tax Benefits that if Recognized Would Affect the Effective Tax Rate $ 114.8 $ 114.3 $ 113.9
v3.25.0.1
Income Tax Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2018
Federal Income Tax Note        
Less Tax Attributable to Temporary Items Included Above $ (21.2) $ (42.4) $ (63.5)  
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Interest on Income Taxes Expense 13.2 12.2 7.8  
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Interest on Income Taxes Accrued 59.4 46.2 34.0  
Operating Loss Carryforwards 0.0      
Valuation Allowance on Deferred Tax Assets 12.1 11.0    
Valuation Allowance, Deferred Tax Asset, Increase (Decrease), Amount 1.1 0.7    
Income Taxes Paid, Net 376.0 $ 446.0 $ 375.0  
Tax Year 2017        
Federal Income Tax Note        
Increases for Tax Positions Related to Prior Years       $ 261.1
State and Local Jurisdiction        
Federal Income Tax Note        
Operating Loss Carryforwards $ 182.9      
v3.25.0.1
Debt Schedule (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Instrument    
Long-term Debt, Excluding Current Maturities $ 3,465.2 $ 3,430.4
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Discount (Premium), Noncurrent, Net (131.3) 2.5
Debt Issuance Costs, Noncurrent, Net (37.0) (30.6)
Short-term debt 274.6 0.0
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Discount, Current (0.2) 0.0
Debt Issuance Costs, Current, Net 0.2 0.0
Long-term Debt 3,739.8 3,430.4
Five-Year Term Loan Facility    
Debt Instrument    
Line of Credit Facility, Fair Value of Amount Outstanding 0.0 350.0
Notes Issued in 1998 with 2028 Maturity Date | Senior Notes    
Debt Instrument    
Long-term Debt, Excluding Current Maturities 335.8 335.8
Notes Payable due 2032 | Senior Notes    
Debt Instrument    
Long-term Debt, Excluding Current Maturities 39.5 39.5
Notes Payable due 2042 | Senior Notes    
Debt Instrument    
Long-term Debt, Excluding Current Maturities 500.0 500.0
Notes Payable due 2025 | Senior Notes    
Debt Instrument    
Long-term Debt, Excluding Current Maturities 0.0 275.0
Short-term debt 275.0 0.0
Notes Payable due 2029 | Senior Notes    
Debt Instrument    
Long-term Debt, Excluding Current Maturities 400.0 400.0
Notes Payable due 2049 | Senior Notes    
Debt Instrument    
Long-term Debt, Excluding Current Maturities 450.0 450.0
Notes Payable due 2051 | Senior Notes    
Debt Instrument    
Long-term Debt, Excluding Current Maturities 600.0 600.0
Notes Payable due 2041 | Senior Notes    
Debt Instrument    
Long-term Debt, Excluding Current Maturities 400.0 0.0
Notes Payable due 2054 | Senior Notes    
Debt Instrument    
Long-term Debt, Excluding Current Maturities 400.0 0.0
Medium Term Notes Payable Due 2028 | Medium-Term Note    
Debt Instrument    
Long-term Debt, Excluding Current Maturities 18.5 18.5
Notes Issued in 1998 with 2038 Maturity Date | Junior Subordinated Debt    
Debt Instrument    
Long-term Debt, Excluding Current Maturities 189.7 189.7
Notes Payable due 2058 | Junior Subordinated Debt    
Debt Instrument    
Long-term Debt, Excluding Current Maturities $ 300.0 $ 300.0
v3.25.0.1
Debt - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 1998
Debt Additional Information        
Repayments of Principal in 2025 $ 275.0      
Repayments of Principal in 2028 354.3      
Repayments of Principal in 2029 400.0      
Repayments of Principal Thereafter $ 2,879.2      
Unum Group Percentage Ownership of Provident Financing Trust 100.00%      
Interest Paid, Including Capitalized Interest, Operating and Investing Activities $ 190.4 $ 183.6 $ 172.9  
Five-year Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility        
Debt Additional Information        
Letters of Credit Outstanding 0.4      
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity 500.0      
Line of Credit Facility, Additional Borrowing Capacity If Requested 200.0      
Line of Credit Facility, Fair Value of Amount Outstanding 0.0      
Facility agreement for contingent issuance of senior notes | Parent Company        
Debt Additional Information        
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity $ 400.0      
Line of Credit Facility, Commitment Fee Percentage 2.225%      
Notes Issued in 1998 with 2038 Maturity Date | Junior Subordinated Debt        
Debt Additional Information        
Stated Interest Rate of Debt       7.405%
Proceeds from Issuance of Senior Long-term Debt       $ 300.0
Liquidation value per capital security $ 1,000      
7.405% junior subordinated debt securities due 2038        
Debt Additional Information        
Debt Instrument, Repurchased Face Amount     14.0  
Costs Related to Early Retirement of Debt     $ 1.2  
4.000% Notes due 2024 | Senior Notes        
Debt Additional Information        
Stated Interest Rate of Debt     4.00%  
Debt Instrument, Repurchased Face Amount     $ 350.0  
Costs Related to Early Retirement of Debt     $ 3.0  
6.000% Senior Notes due 2054 | Senior Notes        
Debt Additional Information        
Stated Interest Rate of Debt 6.00%      
Debt Instrument, Face Amount $ 400.0      
Junior Subordinated Debt | Junior Subordinated Notes Payable Due 2038        
Debt Additional Information        
Stated Interest Rate of Debt       7.405%
v3.25.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans Change in Projected Benefit Obligation Amount (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Pension Plan | UNITED STATES      
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Benefit Obligation      
Benefit Obligation at Beginning of Year $ 1,575.3 $ 1,585.5  
Service Cost 9.2 9.2 $ 7.7
Interest Cost 82.9 87.9 67.2
Plan Participant Contributions 0.0 0.0  
Defined Benefit Plan, Benefit Obligation, Actuarial Gain (Loss) [1] (57.7) 61.0  
Benefits and Expenses Paid (91.1) (168.3)  
Change in Foreign Exchange Rates 0.0 0.0  
Benefit Obligation at End of Year 1,518.6 1,575.3 1,585.5
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets      
Fair Value of Plan Assets at Beginning of Year 1,295.9 1,308.3  
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Increase (Decrease) for Actual Return (Loss) 27.1 145.6  
Employer Contributions to Defined Benefit Plan 9.7 10.3  
Plan Participant Contributions 0.0 0.0  
Benefits and Expenses Paid (91.1) (168.3)  
Effect of Foreign Exchange Rates on Plan Assets 0.0 0.0  
Fair Value of Plan Assets at End of Year 1,241.6 1,295.9 1,308.3
Accumulated Benefit Obligation 1,518.6 1,575.3  
Underfunded Status of Plan 277.0 279.4  
Pension Plan | Foreign Plan      
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Benefit Obligation      
Benefit Obligation at Beginning of Year 172.3 157.9  
Service Cost 0.0 0.0 0.0
Interest Cost 7.6 7.7 5.0
Plan Participant Contributions 0.0 0.0  
Defined Benefit Plan, Benefit Obligation, Actuarial Gain (Loss) [1] (19.3) 3.8  
Benefits and Expenses Paid (5.9) (5.7)  
Change in Foreign Exchange Rates (2.6) 8.6  
Benefit Obligation at End of Year 152.1 172.3 157.9
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets      
Fair Value of Plan Assets at Beginning of Year 145.4 140.5  
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Increase (Decrease) for Actual Return (Loss) (12.1) 3.1  
Employer Contributions to Defined Benefit Plan 0.0 0.0  
Plan Participant Contributions 0.0 0.0  
Benefits and Expenses Paid (5.9) (5.7)  
Effect of Foreign Exchange Rates on Plan Assets (2.1) 7.5  
Fair Value of Plan Assets at End of Year 125.3 145.4 140.5
Accumulated Benefit Obligation 152.1 172.3  
Underfunded Status of Plan 26.8 26.9  
Other Postretirement Benefit Plans      
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Benefit Obligation      
Benefit Obligation at Beginning of Year 79.0 83.9  
Service Cost 0.0 0.0 0.0
Interest Cost 4.0 4.5 3.0
Plan Participant Contributions 0.1 0.1  
Defined Benefit Plan, Benefit Obligation, Actuarial Gain (Loss) [1] (1.5) (0.5)  
Benefits and Expenses Paid (8.8) (9.0)  
Change in Foreign Exchange Rates 0.0 0.0  
Benefit Obligation at End of Year 72.8 79.0 83.9
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets      
Fair Value of Plan Assets at Beginning of Year 8.2 8.5  
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Increase (Decrease) for Actual Return (Loss) 0.1 0.0  
Employer Contributions to Defined Benefit Plan 8.3 8.6  
Plan Participant Contributions 0.1 0.1  
Benefits and Expenses Paid (8.8) (9.0)  
Effect of Foreign Exchange Rates on Plan Assets 0.0 0.0  
Fair Value of Plan Assets at End of Year 7.9 8.2 $ 8.5
Underfunded Status of Plan $ 64.9 $ 70.8  
[1] The actuarial gains recognized in 2024 for the U.S., U.K., and OPEB plans were driven by increases in the discount rate assumption. The actuarial losses recognized in 2023 for the U.S. and U.K. plans were driven by decreases in the discount rate assumption. Also contributing to the actuarial loss for the U.K. plan in 2023 was unfavorable plan experience resulting from a higher than expected rate of inflation. The actuarial gain recognized in 2023 for the OPEB plan was driven by favorable plan experience, mostly offset by a decrease in the discount rate assumption.
v3.25.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans Amounts Recognized in Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Pension Plan | UNITED STATES      
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans      
Current Pension Liability $ 9.4 $ 9.1  
Noncurrent Pension Liability 267.6 270.3  
Underfunded Status of Plan 277.0 279.4  
Net Actuarial Gain (Loss) in Balance Sheet (496.0) (510.2)  
Prior Service Credit in Balance Sheet (0.5) (0.6)  
Pension Recognized in Balance Sheet, Gross of Deferred Tax (496.5) (510.8)  
Pension Deferred Tax Asset in Balance Sheet 200.1 211.2  
Pension Recognized in Balance Sheet, Net of Deferred Tax (296.4) (299.6) $ (304.9)
Pension Plan | Foreign Plan      
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans      
Current Pension Liability 0.0 0.0  
Noncurrent Pension Liability 26.8 26.9  
Underfunded Status of Plan 26.8 26.9  
Net Actuarial Gain (Loss) in Balance Sheet (91.7) (95.0)  
Prior Service Credit in Balance Sheet (0.2) (0.2)  
Pension Recognized in Balance Sheet, Gross of Deferred Tax (91.9) (95.2)  
Pension Deferred Tax Asset in Balance Sheet 21.4 22.2  
Pension Recognized in Balance Sheet, Net of Deferred Tax (70.5) (73.0) (64.4)
Other Postretirement Benefit Plans      
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans      
Current Pension Liability 0.7 0.7  
Noncurrent Pension Liability 64.2 70.1  
Underfunded Status of Plan 64.9 70.8  
Net Actuarial Gain (Loss) in Balance Sheet 21.2 21.2  
Prior Service Credit in Balance Sheet 2.1 2.3  
Pension Recognized in Balance Sheet, Gross of Deferred Tax 23.3 23.5  
Pension Deferred Tax Asset in Balance Sheet 3.4 3.4  
Pension Recognized in Balance Sheet, Net of Deferred Tax $ 26.7 $ 26.9 $ 35.2
v3.25.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Pension Plan | UNITED STATES      
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans      
Pension Recognized in Balance Sheet, Net of Deferred Tax, Beginning of Year $ (299.6) $ (304.9)  
Amortization of Net Actuarial Loss (Gain) 14.6 15.2 $ 16.3
All Other Changes (0.4) (7.6)  
Amortization of Prior Service Cost (Credit) 0.1 0.0 0.0
Change in Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs, Tax Expense (11.1) (2.3)  
Pension Recognized in Balance Sheet, Net of Deferred Tax, End of Year (296.4) (299.6) (304.9)
Pension Plan | Foreign Plan      
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans      
Pension Recognized in Balance Sheet, Net of Deferred Tax, Beginning of Year (73.0) (64.4)  
Amortization of Net Actuarial Loss (Gain) 2.9 2.5 0.4
All Other Changes 0.4 (13.8)  
Amortization of Prior Service Cost (Credit) 0.0 0.0 0.0
Change in Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs, Tax Expense (0.8) 2.7  
Pension Recognized in Balance Sheet, Net of Deferred Tax, End of Year (70.5) (73.0) (64.4)
Other Postretirement Benefit Plans      
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans      
Pension Recognized in Balance Sheet, Net of Deferred Tax, Beginning of Year 26.9 35.2  
Amortization of Net Actuarial Loss (Gain) (1.1) (10.5) (1.0)
All Other Changes 1.1 0.1  
Amortization of Prior Service Cost (Credit) (0.2) (0.2) (0.2)
Change in Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs, Tax Expense 0.0 2.3  
Pension Recognized in Balance Sheet, Net of Deferred Tax, End of Year $ 26.7 $ 26.9 $ 35.2
v3.25.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans US Pension Assets, Fair Value Measurement by Input Level (Details) - UNITED STATES - Pension Plan - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Equity Funds    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount $ 424.8 $ 445.8
Equity Funds | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 52.5 55.0
Equity Funds | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Equity Funds | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Equity Funds | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 372.3 390.8
U.S. Government and Agencies    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount [1] 218.4 256.7
U.S. Government and Agencies | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount [1] 234.5 215.9
U.S. Government and Agencies | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount [1] (16.1) 40.8
U.S. Government and Agencies | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount [1] 0.0 0.0
U.S. Government and Agencies | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount [1] 0.0 0.0
Corporate    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 124.1 130.0
Corporate | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Corporate | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Corporate | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Corporate | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 124.1 130.0
Non-U.S. Emerging Markets    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 32.4 27.9
Non-U.S. Emerging Markets | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Non-U.S. Emerging Markets | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Non-U.S. Emerging Markets | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Non-U.S. Emerging Markets | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 32.4 27.9
Opportunistic Credits    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 139.6 150.6
Opportunistic Credits | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Opportunistic Credits | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Opportunistic Credits | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Opportunistic Credits | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 139.6 150.6
Real Estate    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 166.1 162.8
Real Estate | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Real Estate | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Real Estate | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Real Estate | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 166.1 162.8
Private Equity Direct Investments    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 63.1 68.5
Private Equity Direct Investments | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Private Equity Direct Investments | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Private Equity Direct Investments | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Private Equity Direct Investments | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 63.1 68.5
Private Equity Funds of Funds    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 35.2 40.7
Private Equity Funds of Funds | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Private Equity Funds of Funds | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Private Equity Funds of Funds | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Private Equity Funds of Funds | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 35.2 40.7
Cash Equivalents    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 17.2 16.0
Cash Equivalents | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 17.2 16.0
Cash Equivalents | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Cash Equivalents | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Cash Equivalents | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Total Invested Assets    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 1,220.9 1,299.0
Total Invested Assets | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 304.2 286.9
Total Invested Assets | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount (16.1) 40.8
Total Invested Assets | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Total Invested Assets | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount $ 932.8 $ 971.3
[1]
1 U.S. Government and Agencies Fixed Income Securities includes derivative liabilities.
v3.25.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans UK Pension Assets, Fair Value Measurement by Input Level (Details) - Pension Plan - Foreign Plan - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Diversified Growth Assets    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount $ 35.4 $ 34.0
Diversified Growth Assets | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 25.6 28.1
Diversified Growth Assets | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Diversified Growth Assets | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0
Diversified Growth Assets | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 9.8 5.9
Fixed Income and Index-linked Securities    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 50.5 75.3
Fixed Income and Index-linked Securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 50.5 75.3
Fixed Income and Index-linked Securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Fixed Income and Index-linked Securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Fixed Income and Index-linked Securities | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Alternative Investments    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 34.5 34.8
Alternative Investments | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Alternative Investments | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Alternative Investments | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Alternative Investments | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 34.5 34.8
Cash Equivalents    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 5.3 1.3
Cash Equivalents | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 5.3 1.3
Cash Equivalents | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Cash Equivalents | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Cash Equivalents | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Total Invested Assets    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 125.7 145.4
Total Invested Assets | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 81.4 104.7
Total Invested Assets | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Total Invested Assets | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount 0.0 0.0
Total Invested Assets | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Investment within Plan Asset Category, Amount $ 44.3 $ 40.7
v3.25.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans OPEB Plan Assets, Fair Value Measurements by Input Level (Details) - Other Postretirement Benefit Plans - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Life Settlement Contracts, Fair Value Method, Face Value $ 7.9 $ 8.2
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Life Settlement Contracts, Fair Value Method, Face Value 0.0 0.0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Life Settlement Contracts, Fair Value Method, Face Value 0.0 0.0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Life Settlement Contracts, Fair Value Method, Face Value $ 7.9 $ 8.2
v3.25.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans OPEB Changes in Assets Measured at Fair Value Using Signficant Unobservable Inputs (Details) - Other Postretirement Benefit Plans - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation    
Fair Value of Plan Assets at Beginning of Year $ 8.2 $ 8.5
Fair Value of Plan Assets at End of Year 7.9 8.2
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Life Insurance Contracts    
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation    
Fair Value of Plan Assets at Beginning of Year 8.2 8.5
Actual Return on Plan Assets Still Held 0.1 0.0
Plan Participant Contributions 8.4 8.7
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Benefits Paid 8.8 9.0
Fair Value of Plan Assets at End of Year $ 7.9 $ 8.2
v3.25.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans Measurement Assumptions (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Pension Plan | UNITED STATES    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Benefit Obligation Discount Rate 5.80% 5.40%
Net Periodic Benefit Cost Discount Rate 5.40% 5.70%
Net Periodic Benefit Cost Expected Return on Plan Assets 7.25% 7.25%
Pension Plan | Foreign Plan    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Benefit Obligation Discount Rate 5.50% 4.50%
Benefit Obligation Rate of Compensation Increase 2.50% 2.40%
Net Periodic Benefit Cost Discount Rate 4.50% 4.80%
Net Periodic Benefit Cost Expected Return on Plan Assets 6.50% 6.70%
Net Periodic Benefit Cost Rate of Compensation Increase 2.40% 2.50%
Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans    
Benefit Obligation Discount Rate 5.80% 5.40%
Net Periodic Benefit Cost Discount Rate 5.40% 5.70%
Net Periodic Benefit Cost Expected Return on Plan Assets 5.75% 5.75%
v3.25.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Pension Plan | UNITED STATES      
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans      
Service Cost $ 9.2 $ 9.2 $ 7.7
Interest Cost 82.9 87.9 67.2
Expected Return on Plan Assets (91.3) (92.0) (105.9)
Amortization of Net Actuarial Loss (Gain) 14.6 15.2 16.3
Amortization of Prior Service Cost (Credit) 0.1 0.0 0.0
Total Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit) 15.5 20.3 (14.7)
Pension Plan | Foreign Plan      
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans      
Service Cost 0.0 0.0 0.0
Interest Cost 7.6 7.7 5.0
Expected Return on Plan Assets (8.4) (8.5) (10.9)
Amortization of Net Actuarial Loss (Gain) 2.9 2.5 0.4
Amortization of Prior Service Cost (Credit) 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit) 2.1 1.7 (5.5)
Other Postretirement Benefit Plans      
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans      
Service Cost 0.0 0.0 0.0
Interest Cost 4.0 4.5 3.0
Expected Return on Plan Assets (0.4) (0.5) (0.5)
Amortization of Net Actuarial Loss (Gain) (1.1) (10.5) (1.0)
Amortization of Prior Service Cost (Credit) (0.2) (0.2) (0.2)
Total Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit) $ 2.3 $ (6.7) $ 1.3
v3.25.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans Expected Benefit Payments (Details)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Pension Plan | UNITED STATES  
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans  
Benefit Payments in Year One $ 87.7
Benefit Payments in Year Two 91.9
Benefit Payments in Year Three 95.8
Benefit Payments in Year Four 99.2
Benefit Payments in Year Five 102.2
Benefit Payments in Five Fiscal Years Thereafter 545.1
Pension Plan | Foreign Plan  
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans  
Benefit Payments in Year One 5.9
Benefit Payments in Year Two 6.1
Benefit Payments in Year Three 6.2
Benefit Payments in Year Four 6.4
Benefit Payments in Year Five 6.6
Benefit Payments in Five Fiscal Years Thereafter 35.3
Other Postretirement Benefit Plans  
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans  
Benefit Payments in Year One 8.8
Prescription Drug Subsidy Receipts in Year One 0.0
Net OPEB Payments in Year One 8.8
Benefit Payments in Year Two 8.4
Prescription Drug Subsidy Receipts in Year Two 0.0
Net OPEB Payments in Year Two 8.4
Benefit Payments in Year Three 8.0
Prescription Drug Subsidy Receipts in Year Three 0.0
Net OPEB Payments in Year Three 8.0
Benefit Payments in Year Four 7.6
Prescription Drug Subsidy Receipts in Year Four 0.0
Net OPEB Payments in Year Four 7.6
Benefit Payments in Year Five 7.2
Prescription Drug Subsidy Receipts in Year Five 0.0
Net OPEB Payments in Year Five 7.2
Benefit Payments in Five Fiscal Years Thereafter 30.2
Prescription Drug Subsidy Receipts in Five Fiscal Years Thereafter 0.1
Net OPEB Payments in Five Fiscal Years Thereafter $ 30.1
v3.25.0.1
Employee Benefit Plans - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Disclosure      
Health Care Cost Trend Rate Assumed for Next Fiscal Year 7.00% 6.75%  
Ultimate Health Care Cost Trend Rate 5.00%    
Defined Benefit Plan, Year Health Care Cost Trend Rate Reaches Ultimate Trend Rate 2033    
Pension Plan | UNITED STATES      
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Disclosure      
Average Remaining Life Expectancy of Plan Participants 23 years    
Alternative Investments, Unfunded Commitments $ 15.2 $ 17.5  
Pension Plan | Foreign Plan      
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Disclosure      
Average Remaining Life Expectancy of Plan Participants 28 years    
Alternative Investments, Unfunded Commitments $ 7.1 9.9  
Other Postretirement Benefit Plans      
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Disclosure      
Average Remaining Life Expectancy of Plan Participants 12 years    
Investment Level 3 Transfers Into $ 0.0 0.0  
Investment Level 3 Transfers Out of $ 0.0 $ 0.0  
Interest Rate During Period 5.01% 4.46%  
Other Postretirement Benefit Plans | UNITED STATES      
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Disclosure      
Matching Contribution Percent of Employees' Gross Pay 5.00%    
Employer Discretionary Contribution Percentage of earnings 4.50%    
Cost Recognized $ 81.6 $ 74.3 $ 70.9
Other Postretirement Benefit Plans | Foreign Plan      
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Disclosure      
Defined Contribution Plan, Minimum Employee Contribution Eligible for Matching 1.00%    
Defined Contribution Plan, Maximum Employee Contribution Eligible for Matching 5.00%    
Cost Recognized $ 6.6 $ 5.7 $ 4.9
Equity Funds | Pension Plan | UNITED STATES      
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Disclosure      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Target Allocation, Percentage 38.00%    
Fixed Maturity Securities | Pension Plan | UNITED STATES      
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Disclosure      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Target Allocation, Percentage 30.00%    
All Other Asset Categories | Pension Plan | UNITED STATES      
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Disclosure      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Target Allocation, Percentage 32.00%    
Diversified Growth Assets | Pension Plan | Foreign Plan      
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Disclosure      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Actual Allocation, Percentage 58.00%    
Fixed Income and Index-linked Securities | Pension Plan | Foreign Plan      
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Disclosure      
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Actual Allocation, Percentage 42.00%    
Minimum | Pension Plan | UNITED STATES      
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Disclosure      
Private Equity Partnership Future Liquidation Term 5 years    
Minimum | Other Postretirement Benefit Plans | Foreign Plan      
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Disclosure      
Matching Contribution Percent of Employees' Gross Pay 8.00%    
Maximum | Pension Plan | UNITED STATES      
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Disclosure      
Private Equity Partnership Future Liquidation Term 8 years    
Maximum | Other Postretirement Benefit Plans | Foreign Plan      
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Disclosure      
Matching Contribution Percent of Employees' Gross Pay 12.00%    
v3.25.0.1
Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Detail) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Numerator      
Net Income $ 1,779.1 $ 1,283.8 $ 1,407.2
Denominator      
Weighted Average Common Shares - Basic 187,497,700 196,659,700 200,647,200
Dilution for Assumed Exercises of Stock Options and Nonvested Stock Awards 571,500 942,300 1,462,200
Weighted Average Common Shares - Assuming Dilution 188,069,200 197,602,000 202,109,400
Net Income Per Common Share      
Basic $ 9.49 $ 6.53 $ 7.01
Assuming Dilution $ 9.46 $ 6.50 $ 6.96
v3.25.0.1
Treasury Stock Transactions (Details) - USD ($)
shares in Millions, $ in Millions
1 Months Ended 5 Months Ended 7 Months Ended 12 Months Ended 14 Months Ended
Feb. 28, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Nov. 30, 2024
Oct. 31, 2024
Sep. 30, 2024
Jul. 31, 2024
Jun. 30, 2024
Apr. 30, 2024
Mar. 31, 2024
Jan. 31, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Jul. 31, 2023
Apr. 30, 2022
Feb. 28, 2022
Dec. 31, 2024
Jul. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2022
Feb. 18, 2025
Nov. 01, 2024
Oct. 02, 2024
Jul. 02, 2024
Apr. 02, 2024
Jan. 03, 2024
Jul. 05, 2023
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock                                                      
Number of Treasury Shares Repurchased                                 15.7 5.7 5.7                
Cost of Shares Repurchased [1]                                 $ 979.3 $ 252.0 $ 200.1                
Commission Paid on Stock Repurchases                                 0.1 0.1                
Share Repurchase Program, Excise Tax                                 $ 8.3 1.9                
November 2024 Accelerated Share Repurchase                                                      
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock                                                      
Number of Treasury Shares Repurchased     3.8                                                
Accelerated Share Repurchases, Prepyament amount                                           $ 321.0          
October 2024 Accelerated Share Repurchase                                                      
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock                                                      
Number of Treasury Shares Repurchased   0.3   1.9                                              
Accelerated Share Repurchases, Prepyament amount                                             $ 150.0        
July 2024 Accelerated Share Repurchase                                                      
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock                                                      
Number of Treasury Shares Repurchased         0.6 2.2                                          
Accelerated Share Repurchases, Prepyament amount                                               $ 150.0      
April 2024 Accelerated Share Repurchase                                                      
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock                                                      
Number of Treasury Shares Repurchased             0.7 1.7                                      
Accelerated Share Repurchases, Prepyament amount                                                 $ 125.0    
January 2024 Accelerated Share Repurchase                                                      
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock                                                      
Number of Treasury Shares Repurchased                 0.5 1.6                                  
Accelerated Share Repurchases, Prepyament amount                                                   $ 100.0  
July 2023 Accelerated Share Repurchase                                                      
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock                                                      
Number of Treasury Shares Repurchased                     0.2 0.8                              
Accelerated Share Repurchases, Prepyament amount                                                     $ 50.0
February 2022 Accelerated Share Repurchase                                                      
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock                                                      
Number of Treasury Shares Repurchased                         0.4 1.3                          
Accelerated Share Repurchases, Prepyament amount                           $ 50.0                          
Repurchase Program Authorized in July 2024                                                      
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock                                                      
Share Repurchase Program, Expiration Date [2]                                 Mar. 31, 2025                    
Share Repurchase Program, Authorized, Amount [2]   $ 1,000.0                         $ 1,000.0   $ 1,000.0                    
Remaining repurchase Amount [2]   493.2                         493.2   $ 493.2                    
Cost of Shares Repurchased [2]                             506.8                        
Repurchase Program Authorized in October 2023                                                      
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock                                                      
Share Repurchase Program, Expiration Date [3]                                 Jul. 31, 2024                    
Share Repurchase Program, Authorized, Amount [3]   500.0                         500.0   $ 500.0                    
Remaining repurchase Amount [3]   0.0                         0.0   $ 0.0                    
Cost of Shares Repurchased [3]                               $ 464.2                      
Repurchase Program Authorized in December 2022                                                      
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock                                                      
Share Repurchase Program, Expiration Date [4]                                 Dec. 31, 2023                    
Share Repurchase Program, Authorized, Amount [4]   250.0                         250.0   $ 250.0                    
Remaining repurchase Amount [4]   0.0                         0.0   $ 0.0                    
Cost of Shares Repurchased [4]                                   $ 250.0                  
Repurchase Program Authorized in October 2021                                                      
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock                                                      
Share Repurchase Program, Expiration Date                                 Dec. 31, 2022                    
Share Repurchase Program, Authorized, Amount   250.0                         250.0   $ 250.0                    
Remaining repurchase Amount   $ 0.0                         $ 0.0   $ 0.0                    
Cost of Shares Repurchased                                       $ 250.0              
Subsequent Event | November 2024 Accelerated Share Repurchase                                                      
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock                                                      
Number of Treasury Shares Repurchased [5] 0.7                                                    
Subsequent Event | Repurchase Program Authorized in February 2025                                                      
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock                                                      
Share Repurchase Program, Authorized, Amount                                         $ 1,000.0            
[1] Includes $80.3 million related to shares which settled in February 2025 in connection with the November 2024 accelerated share repurchase agreement (ASR), a de minimis amount of commissions for the year ended December 31, 2024, and $0.1 million of commissions for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Also includes $8.3 million and $1.9 million of excise tax for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There were no excise taxes during the year ended December 31, 2022.
[2]
1Concurrent with the announcement of the February 2025 repurchase program, we also announced the termination of the July 2024 program as of March 31, 2025, and any unused amounts under that program will expire as of that date.
[3]
2Concurrent with the announcement of the July 2024 repurchase program, we also announced the termination of the October 2023 program as of July 31, 2024, and all unused amounts under that program expired as of that date.
[4]
3In February 2023, the December 2022 program was modified to increase the authorized repurchase amount from $200.0 million to $250.0 million.
[5] 1The final price adjustment settlement, along with the delivery of the remaining shares, occurred in February 2025, resulting in the delivery to us of 0.7 million additional shares. As a result of the final settlement occurring subsequent to December 31, 2024, we recorded a decrease to additional paid-in capital within stockholders' equity on our consolidated balance sheet for the value of the shares held back by the counterparty as of December 31, 2024, which was reclassified to treasury stock in the first quarter of 2025 in connection with the final settlement of the agreement
v3.25.0.1
Stockholders' Equity and Earnings Per Common Share - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Stockholders Equity and Earnings Per Common Share Additional Information [Line Items]      
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share 100,000 500,000 100,000
Treasury Stock, Retired, Cost Method, Amount   $ 3,642.5  
Authorized Shares of Preferred Stock 25,000,000.0    
Par Value Per Share of Preferred Stock $ 0.10    
Issued Shares of Preferred Stock 0    
Common Class A      
Stockholders Equity and Earnings Per Common Share Additional Information [Line Items]      
Treasury Stock, Shares, Retired   115,000,000.0  
v3.25.0.1
Stock-Based Compensation - Valuation Assumptions on PSU Grants (Details) - Performance Share Units
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Rate
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award  
Expected Volatility Rate 23.00%
Expected Life 3 years
Risk Free Interest Rate 0.85%
v3.25.0.1
Stock-Based Compensation - Activity for CIUs (Details) - Cash Incentive Units (CIUs)
shares in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Liability Instruments, Nonvested, Number of Shares  
Shares Outstanding Beginning Balance 17,028
Shares Granted 16,187
Shares Vested (13,442)
Shares Forfeited (3,318)
Shares Outstanding Ending Balance 16,455
2024 CIUs  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Liability Instruments, Nonvested, Number of Shares  
Shares Granted 9,500
v3.25.0.1
Stock-Based Compensation - Valuation Assumptions on CIU Grants (Details) - Cash Incentive Units (CIUs)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Rate
Dec. 31, 2023
Rate
Dec. 31, 2022
Rate
2024 CIUs      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Expected Volatility Rate 30.00%    
Expected Life 2 years    
Risk Free Interest Rate 4.25%    
2023 CIUs      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Expected Volatility Rate 30.00% 30.00%  
Expected Life 1 year 2 years  
Risk Free Interest Rate 4.19% 4.26%  
2022 CIUs      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Expected Volatility Rate   27.00% 30.00%
Expected Life   1 year 2 years
Risk Free Interest Rate   4.75% 4.26%
2021 CIUs      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Expected Volatility Rate     33.00%
Expected Life     1 year
Risk Free Interest Rate     4.60%
v3.25.0.1
Stock-Based Compensation - Nonvested Stock Awards Classified in Equity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) - $ / shares
shares in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares      
Shares Outstanding Beginning Balance 1,213    
Shares Granted 825    
Shares Vested (906)    
Shares Forfeited (145)    
Shares Outstanding Ending Balance 987 1,213  
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value at Beginning of Period $ 35.51    
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value of Shares Granted 49.57 $ 45.56 $ 28.21
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value of Shares Vested 37.88    
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value of Shares Forfeited 40.71    
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value at End of Period $ 44.31 $ 35.51  
v3.25.0.1
Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense, Before Tax $ 47,800,000 $ 64,100,000 $ 52,700,000
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense, Net of Tax 41,600,000 57,500,000 47,300,000
Performance Share Units      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense, Before Tax 0 300,000 5,700,000
Cash Incentive Units (CIUs)      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense, Before Tax 12,400,000 21,700,000 12,800,000
Restricted Stock Units and Cash-Settled Awards      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense, Before Tax 34,500,000 40,600,000 32,700,000
Stock Success Units (SSUs)      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense, Before Tax 100,000 900,000 900,000
Other Awards      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense, Before Tax $ 800,000 $ 600,000 $ 600,000
v3.25.0.1
Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Cash Received Under Share-based Payment Arrangements $ 6.0 $ 5.2 $ 4.2
Stock Incentive Plan 2017      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Number of Shares Authorized 17,000,000.0    
Number of Shares for Each Full Value Award 1.76    
Total Duration of the Stock Incentive Plan 8 years    
Award Vesting Period 3 years    
Stock Incentive Plan 2022      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Number of Shares Authorized 6,800,000    
Number of Shares for Each Full Value Award 1.00    
Total Duration of the Stock Incentive Plan 10 years    
Number of Shares Available for Grant 5,000,000.0    
Performance Share Units      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Award Vesting Period 3 years    
Shares Outstanding 0 0 0
Shares Granted   0 0
Shares Forfeited 0    
Fair Value of Awards Vested During the Period $ 5.8 $ 4.2
Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized $ 0.0    
Performance Share Units | 2020 PSU      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Shares Granted   245,000  
Shares Vested   (245,000)  
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Shares Outstanding 987,000 1,213,000  
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value of Shares Granted $ 49.57 $ 45.56 $ 28.21
Shares Granted 825,000    
Shares Forfeited (145,000)    
Fair Value of Awards Vested During the Period $ 34.8 $ 49.9 $ 28.0
Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized $ 26.5    
Period for Recognition of Compensation Cost Not Yet Recognized 10 months 24 days    
Shares Vested (906,000)    
Stock Success Units (SSUs)      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Shares Outstanding 86,000 105,000  
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value of Shares Granted $ 18.78 $ 18.78  
Shares Granted 0 0 0
Shares Forfeited (19,000)    
Fair Value of Awards Vested During the Period $ 0.0 $ 1.9 $ 0.0
Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized $ 0.3    
Period for Recognition of Compensation Cost Not Yet Recognized 6 months    
Cash Settled RSUs      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized $ 0.0    
Shares Granted 0 0 0
Deferred Compensation Cash-Based Arrangements, Liability, Current and Noncurrent  
Liability based awards - payments 1.1 $ 0.6
Cash Incentive Units (CIUs)      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Award Vesting Period 3 years    
Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized $ 1.1    
Period for Recognition of Compensation Cost Not Yet Recognized 1 year 8 months 12 days    
Shares Granted 16,187,000    
Deferred Compensation Cash-Based Arrangements, Liability, Current and Noncurrent $ 36.2 37.7  
Liability based awards - payments $ 13.9
Cash Incentive Units (CIUs) | 2023 CIUs      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Shares Granted   9,000,000  
Cash Incentive Units (CIUs) | 2022 CIUs      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Shares Granted     8,000,000
Cash Incentive Units (CIUs) | 2024 CIUs      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Shares Granted 9,500,000    
Minimum | Performance Share Units      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Percentage of Stock-based Awards Possible to be Earned 40.00%    
Minimum | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Award Vesting Period 1 year    
Minimum | Cash Settled RSUs      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Award Vesting Period 1 year    
Maximum | Performance Share Units      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Percentage of Stock-based Awards Possible to be Earned 180.00%    
Maximum | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Award Vesting Period 3 years    
Maximum | Cash Settled RSUs      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Award Vesting Period 3 years    
Maximum | Cash Incentive Units (CIUs)      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award      
Percentage of Stock-based Awards Possible to be Earned 200.00%    
v3.25.0.1
Reinsurance - Premium Income Data (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Reinsurance Disclosures [Abstract]      
Direct Premium Income $ 10,732.1 $ 10,286.8 $ 9,893.6
Reinsurance Assumed 69.8 80.4 78.7
Reinsurance Ceded (304.5) (321.2) (355.8)
Premium Income 10,497.4 10,046.0 9,616.5
Policyholder Benefits and Claims Incurred, Direct 8,027.9 8,001.8 8,205.3
Policyholder Benefits and Claims Incurred, Assumed 152.5 138.7 135.1
Ceded Benefits and Change in Reserves for Future Benefits (700.2) (828.6) (798.3)
Policy Benefits 7,480.2 7,311.9 7,542.1
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Remeasurement Gain (Loss), Direct (546.8) (49.2) (372.5)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Remeasurement Gain (Loss), Assumed 2.2 (0.1) 36.4
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Remeasurement Gain (Loss), Ceded (17.7) (5.5) (211.4)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Remeasurement Gain (Loss) $ (562.3) $ (54.8) $ (547.5)
v3.25.0.1
Reinsurance - Additional Information (Detail)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Number of companies that make up majority of reinsurance recoverable 9    
Prepaid Reinsurance Premiums $ 508.0 $ 549.4  
Reinsurance Recoverables 8,296.4 9,108.4  
Closed Block Individual Disability Reinsurance Transaction      
Deposit Contracts, Assets 282.3 296.5  
Amortization of Prepaid Reinsurance Premium 41.4 44.1 $ 50.3
Prepaid Reinsurance Premiums 508.1 549.5  
Reinsurance Recoverables $ 4,698.4 $ 5,143.4  
AM Best A Rating or Better | Reinsurer Concentration Risk | Reinsurance Recoverable | Commonwealth Annuity and Life Insurance Company      
Percentage of Concentration Risk 56.00%    
AM Best A Rating or Better | Reinsurer Concentration Risk | Reinsurance Recoverable | Top 9 Reinsurers      
Percentage of Concentration Risk 39.00%    
AM Best, A- Rating | Reinsurer Concentration Risk | Reinsurance Recoverable | Other Reinsurers      
Percentage of Concentration Risk 4.00%    
AM Best, Below A- or Not Rated | Reinsurer Concentration Risk | Reinsurance Recoverable | Other Reinsurers      
Percentage of Concentration Risk 1.00%    
v3.25.0.1
Premium Income by Major Line of Business within Each Segment (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income $ 10,497.4 $ 10,046.0 $ 9,616.5
Accident, Sickness, and Disability      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 7,640.2 7,398.5 7,060.8
Life      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 2,857.2 2,647.5 2,555.7
Operating Segments      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 10,497.4 10,046.0 9,616.5
Operating Segments | Unum US      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 6,883.2 6,579.2 6,251.4
Operating Segments | Unum US | Group Long-term Disability      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 2,086.1 2,057.2 1,911.7
Operating Segments | Unum US | Group Short-term Disability      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 1,084.0 1,012.3 926.3
Operating Segments | Unum US | Group Life      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 1,784.7 1,679.0 1,669.1
Operating Segments | Unum US | Accidental Death & Dismemberment      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 186.1 175.5 173.7
Operating Segments | Unum US | Voluntary Benefits      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 879.2 850.1 833.7
Operating Segments | Unum US | Individual Disability      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 566.0 527.0 461.1
Operating Segments | Unum US | Dental and Vision      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 297.1 278.1 275.8
Operating Segments | Unum International      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 949.5 825.2 718.8
Operating Segments | Unum International | Group Long-term Disability      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 418.0 396.1 376.9
Operating Segments | Unum International | Group Life      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 211.3 169.3 138.2
Operating Segments | Unum International | Supplemental      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 165.6 141.5 114.0
Operating Segments | Unum International | Unum Poland      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 154.6 118.3 89.7
Operating Segments | Colonial Life      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 1,783.9 1,726.1 1,702.0
Operating Segments | Colonial Life | Accident, Sickness, and Disability      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 969.5 946.1 948.9
Operating Segments | Colonial Life | Life      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 458.0 426.5 401.1
Operating Segments | Colonial Life | Cancer and Critical Illness Colonial      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 356.4 353.5 352.0
Operating Segments | Closed Block      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 880.8 915.5 944.3
Operating Segments | Closed Block | Long-term Care      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 696.1 696.0 697.4
Operating Segments | Closed Block | Other Insurance Product Line      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income $ 184.7 $ 219.5 $ 246.9
v3.25.0.1
Selected Operating Statement Data by Segment (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income $ 10,497.4 $ 10,046.0 $ 9,616.5
Net Investment Income 2,130.0 2,096.7 2,122.2
Other Income 294.5 279.2 261.1
Commissions 1,258.6 1,170.1 1,086.4
Interest and Debt Expense 201.1 194.8 188.5
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs 521.0 481.4 421.1
Unum US      
Segment Reporting Information      
Deferral of Acquisition Costs (320.9) (314.7) (273.1)
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs 292.5 267.6 240.9
Unum International      
Segment Reporting Information      
Deferral of Acquisition Costs (17.8) (14.6) (12.0)
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs 9.5 8.4 8.2
Colonial Life      
Segment Reporting Information      
Deferral of Acquisition Costs (312.8) (302.9) (271.8)
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs 219.0 205.4 172.0
Operating Segments      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 10,497.4 10,046.0 9,616.5
Net Investment Income 2,130.0 2,096.7 2,122.2
Other Income 294.5 279.2 261.1
Adjusted Operating Revenue 12,921.9 12,421.9 11,999.8
Adjusted Policy Benefits [1] 7,455.1 7,277.1 7,498.3
Adjusted Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Loss (Gain) (204.9) [2] (232.0) [2] (294.8) [3]
Commissions 1,258.6 1,170.1 1,086.4
Interest and Debt Expense 201.1 194.8 192.7
Deferral of Acquisition Costs (651.5) (632.2) (556.9)
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs 521.0 481.4 421.1
Other Segment Items 2,332.2 [4] 2,230.5 [5] 2,045.9 [6]
Adjusted Benefits and Expenses 10,911.6 10,489.7 10,392.7
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss) 2,010.3 1,932.2 1,607.1
Operating Segments | Unum US      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 6,883.2 6,579.2 6,251.4
Net Investment Income 632.2 639.9 676.3
Other Income 235.9 220.5 196.3
Adjusted Operating Revenue 7,751.3 7,439.6 7,124.0
Adjusted Policy Benefits [1] 4,246.5 4,221.2 4,429.6
Adjusted Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Loss (Gain) (238.2) [2] (283.9) [2] (287.9) [3]
Commissions 729.3 664.4 614.4
Interest and Debt Expense 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deferral of Acquisition Costs (320.9) (314.7) (273.1)
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs 292.5 267.6 240.9
Other Segment Items 1,602.9 [4] 1,529.5 [5] 1,427.5 [6]
Depreciation and Intangible Amortization 85.0 76.3 75.7
Adjusted Benefits and Expenses 6,312.1 6,084.1 6,151.4
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss) 1,439.2 1,355.5 972.6
Operating Segments | Unum International      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 949.5 825.2 718.8
Net Investment Income 128.8 137.2 170.1
Other Income 1.6 1.6 0.9
Adjusted Operating Revenue 1,079.9 964.0 889.8
Adjusted Policy Benefits [1] 693.6 581.4 521.6
Adjusted Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Loss (Gain) (44.4) [2] (19.5) [2] 35.6 [3]
Commissions 82.5 72.5 56.3
Interest and Debt Expense 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deferral of Acquisition Costs (17.8) (14.6) (12.0)
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs 9.5 8.4 8.2
Other Segment Items 198.7 [4] 177.7 [5] 146.1 [6]
Depreciation and Intangible Amortization 17.9 14.6 14.4
Adjusted Benefits and Expenses 922.1 805.9 755.8
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss) 157.8 158.1 134.0
Operating Segments | Colonial Life      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 1,783.9 1,726.1 1,702.0
Net Investment Income 161.5 153.5 152.7
Other Income 4.0 1.2 1.1
Adjusted Operating Revenue 1,949.4 1,880.8 1,855.8
Adjusted Policy Benefits [1] 885.4 877.1 926.6
Adjusted Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Loss (Gain) (34.7) [2] 1.7 [2] (45.3) [3]
Commissions 378.4 359.4 340.0
Interest and Debt Expense 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deferral of Acquisition Costs (312.8) (302.9) (271.8)
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs 219.0 205.4 172.0
Other Segment Items 347.4 [4] 340.0 [5] 321.4 [6]
Depreciation and Intangible Amortization 15.1 13.6 15.0
Adjusted Benefits and Expenses 1,482.7 1,480.7 1,442.9
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss) 466.7 400.1 412.9
Operating Segments | Closed Block      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 880.8 915.5 944.3
Net Investment Income 1,148.9 1,066.3 1,070.6
Other Income 51.7 52.6 58.0
Adjusted Operating Revenue 2,081.4 2,034.4 2,072.9
Adjusted Policy Benefits [1] 1,629.6 1,597.4 1,620.5
Adjusted Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Loss (Gain) 112.4 [2] 69.7 [2] 2.8 [3]
Commissions 68.4 73.8 75.7
Interest and Debt Expense 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deferral of Acquisition Costs 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other Segment Items 133.2 [4] 128.6 [5] 122.0 [6]
Depreciation and Intangible Amortization 5.4 5.2 4.7
Adjusted Benefits and Expenses 1,943.6 1,869.5 1,821.0
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss) 137.8 164.9 251.9
Operating Segments | Corporate and Other Segment      
Segment Reporting Information      
Premium Income 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net Investment Income 58.6 99.8 52.5
Other Income 1.3 3.3 4.8
Adjusted Operating Revenue 59.9 103.1 57.3
Adjusted Policy Benefits [1] 0.0 0.0 0.0
Adjusted Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Loss (Gain) 0.0 [2] 0.0 [2] 0.0 [3]
Commissions 0.0 0.0 0.0
Interest and Debt Expense 201.1 194.8 192.7
Deferral of Acquisition Costs 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other Segment Items 50.0 [4] 54.7 [5] 28.9 [6]
Depreciation and Intangible Amortization 0.1 0.6 0.6
Adjusted Benefits and Expenses 251.1 249.5 221.6
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss) $ (191.2) $ (146.4) $ (164.3)
[1]
1Excludes the impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance in the Closed Block segment.
[2]
2Excludes the reserve assumption updates for each reportable segment, except for the Corporate segment, that occurred during the third quarter.
[3]
2Excludes the reserve assumption updates for each reportable segment, except for the Corporate segment, that occurred during the third quarter and the impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance in the Closed Block segment.
[4]
3Excludes the amortization of the cost of reinsurance in the Closed Block segment and the loss on legal settlement in the Corporate segment. For each reportable segment, other segment items includes compensation, other personnel expenses, taxes, licenses and fees, depreciation, intangible asset amortization and other expenses. Depreciation and intangible asset amortization during 2024 was $85.0 million, $17.9 million, $15.1 million, $5.4 million, and $0.1 million for our Unum US, Unum International, Colonial Life, Closed Block and Corporate segments, respectively.
[5]
3Excludes the amortization of the cost of reinsurance in the Closed Block segment. For each reportable segment, other segment items includes compensation, other personnel expenses, taxes, licenses and fees, depreciation, intangible asset amortization and other expenses. Depreciation and intangible asset amortization during 2023 was $76.3 million, $14.6 million, $13.6 million, $5.2 million and $0.6 million for our Unum US, Unum International, Colonial Life, Closed Block and Corporate segments, respectively.
[6]
3Excludes the amortization of the cost of reinsurance in the Closed Block segment. For each reportable segment, other segment items includes compensation, other personnel expenses, taxes, licenses and fees, depreciation, intangible asset amortization and other expenses. Depreciation and intangible asset amortization during 2022 was $75.7 million, $14.4 million, $15.0 million, $4.7 million, and $0.6 million for our Unum US, Unum International, Colonial Life, Closed Block and Corporate segments, respectively.
v3.25.0.1
Assets by Segment (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting Information    
Total Assets $ 61,959.3 $ 63,255.2
Operating Segments    
Segment Reporting Information    
Total Assets 61,959.3 63,255.2
Operating Segments | Unum US    
Segment Reporting Information    
Total Assets 14,981.6 15,561.1
Operating Segments | Unum International    
Segment Reporting Information    
Total Assets 3,291.3 3,372.9
Operating Segments | Colonial Life    
Segment Reporting Information    
Total Assets 4,964.2 4,830.4
Operating Segments | Closed Block    
Segment Reporting Information    
Total Assets 33,376.0 35,272.8
Operating Segments | Corporate and Other Segment    
Segment Reporting Information    
Total Assets $ 5,346.2 $ 4,218.0
v3.25.0.1
Reconciliation of Total Revenue and Income Before Income Tax to Operating Revenue and Operating Income (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item      
Total Revenue $ 12,887.3 $ 12,385.9 $ 11,984.1
Net Investment Loss (34.6) (36.0) (15.7)
Income Before Income Tax 2,251.3 1,640.1 1,750.0
Closed Block Individual Disability Reinsurance Transaction      
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item      
Amortization of the Cost of Reinsurance (41.4) (44.1) (50.3)
Operating Segments      
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item      
Total Revenue 12,887.3 12,385.9 11,984.1
Net Investment Loss (34.6) (36.0) (15.7)
Adjusted Operating Revenue 12,921.9 12,421.9 11,999.8
Income Before Income Tax 2,251.3 1,640.1 1,750.0
Reserve Assumption Updates 357.4 (177.2) 243.3
Loss on Legal Settlement 15.3 0.0 0.0
Adjusted Operating Income 2,010.3 1,932.2 1,607.1
Operating Segments | Closed Block Individual Disability Reinsurance Transaction      
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item      
Non-Contemporaneous Reinsurance $ (25.1) $ (34.8) $ (34.4)
v3.25.0.1
Segment Information Segments - Additional Information (Detail)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Integer
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Supplementary Insurance Information, by Segment      
Number of Operating Segments | Integer 3    
Goodwill $ 349.1 $ 349.9  
Compensation Expense      
Supplementary Insurance Information, by Segment      
Loss on Legal Settlement 4.9    
Other Expense      
Supplementary Insurance Information, by Segment      
Loss on Legal Settlement 10.4    
Operating Segments      
Supplementary Insurance Information, by Segment      
Loss on Legal Settlement 15.3 0.0 $ 0.0
Unum US      
Supplementary Insurance Information, by Segment      
Goodwill 280.0 280.0  
Unum International      
Supplementary Insurance Information, by Segment      
Goodwill 41.4 42.2  
Colonial Life      
Supplementary Insurance Information, by Segment      
Goodwill $ 27.7 $ 27.7  
v3.25.0.1
Leases, Cost (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]      
Operating Lease Cost $ 17.3 $ 16.4 $ 19.6
Sublease Income 1.7 1.5 1.1
Total Lease Cost 15.6 14.9 18.5
Cash Paid for Amounts Included in the Measurement of Lease Liabilities $ 20.7 $ 20.3 $ 23.1
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term 5 years 5 years 6 years
Weighted-Average Discount Rate 5.19% 4.85% 4.32%
v3.25.0.1
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payment, Due (Details)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]  
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Next Twelve Months $ 17.4
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Year Two 15.9
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Year Three 13.6
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Year Four 12.4
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due Year Five 11.1
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due after Year Five 11.1
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due 81.5
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Undiscounted Excess Amount $ 12.1
Operating Lease, Liability - statement of financial position Other Liabilities
Operating Lease, Liability $ 69.4
v3.25.0.1
Leases - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]    
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset $ 45.1 $ 35.8
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use-Asset - statement of financial position Other Assets Other Assets
v3.25.0.1
Statutory Financial Information (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Traditional U.S. Life Insurance Subsidiaries      
Statutory Accounting Practices      
Statutory Net Income (Loss) $ 1,322.4 $ 1,329.9 $ 965.4
Statutory Combined Net Gain (Loss) from Operations 1,337.0 1,351.5 965.4
Statutory Combined Capital and Surplus 3,909.7 3,751.3  
Captive Reinsurers      
Statutory Accounting Practices      
Statutory Net Income (Loss) 662.2 (318.3) (432.2)
Statutory Combined Net Gain (Loss) from Operations 660.3 (279.4) $ (428.6)
Statutory Combined Capital and Surplus $ 1,931.6 $ 1,534.9  
v3.25.0.1
Statutory Financial Information - Additional Details (Detail)
£ in Millions, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
GBP (£)
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2024
GBP (£)
Dec. 31, 2023
GBP (£)
Statutory Accounting Practices            
Statutory Accounting Practices, Permitted Practice, Reserve Deficiency       $ 1,660.0    
Unum Life Insurance Company of America            
Statutory Accounting Practices            
Statutory Accounting Practices, Permitted Practice, Cumulative Amount   $ 1,604.0   1,191.0    
Fairwind Insurance Company            
Statutory Accounting Practices            
Statutory Accounting Practices, Permitted Practice, Amount $ 334.0 469.0        
Unum Limited            
Statutory Accounting Practices            
Statutory Net Income | £     £ 45.7      
Statutory Combined Capital and Surplus | £           £ 767.1
Statutory Accounting Practices, Statutory Amount Available for Dividend Payments | £         £ 140.0  
Traditional U.S. Life Insurance Subsidiaries            
Statutory Accounting Practices            
Statutory Net Income 1,322.4 1,329.9   $ 965.4    
Statutory Combined Capital and Surplus 3,909.7 3,751.3        
Statutory Accounting Practices, Statutory Amount Available for Dividend Payments 1,383.0          
Cash and Securities Segregated under Federal and Other Regulations $ 119.3 $ 119.1        
v3.25.0.1
Schedule I - Summary of Investments, Other Than Investments in Related Parties (Details)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
USD ($)
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]  
Cost or Amortized Cost of Investments $ 48,032.6
Amount Shown on the Balance Sheet 45,706.3
Commercial Real Estate  
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]  
Cost or Amortized Cost of Investments 2,240.6 [1]
Amount Shown on the Balance Sheet 2,224.5
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities  
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]  
Cost or Amortized Cost of Investments 544.6 [1]
Fair Value of Investments 530.5
Amount Shown on the Balance Sheet 530.5
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions  
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]  
Cost or Amortized Cost of Investments 3,795.6 [1]
Fair Value of Investments 3,291.4
Amount Shown on the Balance Sheet 3,291.4
Foreign Governments  
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]  
Cost or Amortized Cost of Investments 912.1 [1]
Fair Value of Investments 768.1
Amount Shown on the Balance Sheet 768.1
Public Utilities  
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]  
Cost or Amortized Cost of Investments 5,525.0 [1]
Fair Value of Investments 5,292.9
Amount Shown on the Balance Sheet 5,292.9
Mortgage/Asset-backed Securities  
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]  
Cost or Amortized Cost of Investments 949.4 [1],[2]
Fair Value of Investments 917.2 [2]
Amount Shown on the Balance Sheet 917.2 [2]
All Other Corporate Bonds  
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]  
Cost or Amortized Cost of Investments 26,535.2 [1]
Fair Value of Investments 24,822.2
Amount Shown on the Balance Sheet 24,822.2
Redeemable Preferred Stocks  
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]  
Cost or Amortized Cost of Investments 8.0 [1]
Fair Value of Investments 7.6
Amount Shown on the Balance Sheet 7.6
Fixed Maturities  
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]  
Cost or Amortized Cost of Investments 38,269.9 [1]
Fair Value of Investments 35,629.9
Amount Shown on the Balance Sheet 35,629.9
Policy Loans  
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]  
Cost or Amortized Cost of Investments 3,617.2
Amount Shown on the Balance Sheet 3,617.2
Derivatives  
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]  
Cost or Amortized Cost of Investments 0.0 [3]
Amount Shown on the Balance Sheet 90.9 [3]
Perpetual Preferred Securities  
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]  
Cost or Amortized Cost of Investments 20.5 [4]
Amount Shown on the Balance Sheet 24.5 [4]
Private Equity Funds  
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]  
Cost or Amortized Cost of Investments 1,215.7 [4]
Amount Shown on the Balance Sheet 1,450.6 [4]
Miscellaneous Long-term Investments  
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]  
Cost or Amortized Cost of Investments 128.4
Amount Shown on the Balance Sheet 128.4
Short-term Investments  
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]  
Cost or Amortized Cost of Investments 2,540.3
Amount Shown on the Balance Sheet $ 2,540.3
[1] The amortized cost for fixed maturity securities and mortgage loans represents original cost reduced by repayments, write-downs from declines in fair value, amortization of premiums, and/or accretion of discounts. The amortized cost for these investments does not include allowance for credit losses.
[2] Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, auto loans, and other asset types.
[3] Derivatives are carried at fair value.
[4] The difference between amortized cost and carrying value for private equity partnerships and perpetual preferred and equity securities primarily results from changes in the partnership owner's equity and the security's market valuation since acquisition, respectively.
v3.25.0.1
Parent Company Balance Sheet (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Assets      
Fixed Maturity Securities - at fair value (amortized cost: $545.0; $656.2) $ 35,629.9 $ 36,833.9  
Other Long-term Investments 1,694.4 1,579.4  
Short-term Investments 2,540.3 1,610.7  
Deferred Income Tax 369.7 649.4  
Other Assets 1,635.8 1,661.7  
Total Assets 61,959.3 63,255.2  
Liabilities      
Short-term debt 274.6 0.0  
Long-term Debt 3,465.2 3,430.4  
Other Liabilities 2,650.1 2,283.4  
Liabilities 50,998.2 53,603.8  
Stockholders' Equity      
Common Stock, $0.10 par; authorized: 725,000,000 shares; issued: 195,460,723 and 194,588,625 shares 19.5 19.4  
Additional Paid-in Capital 1,489.6 1,547.8  
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (2,523.7) (3,308.0)  
Retained Earnings 12,914.0 11,431.5  
Treasury Stock - at cost: 16,871,752 and 1,216,528 shares (938.3) (39.3)  
Total Stockholders' Equity 10,961.1 9,651.4 $ 8,735.0
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity 61,959.3 63,255.2  
Amortized Cost of Fixed Maturity Securities 38,269.9 38,410.6  
Parent Company      
Assets      
Fixed Maturity Securities - at fair value (amortized cost: $545.0; $656.2) 497.4 596.1  
Other Long-term Investments 32.7 27.0  
Short-term Investments 1,397.5 970.9  
Investments in Subsidiaries 12,982.0 11,663.6  
Deferred Income Tax 122.5 118.1  
Other Assets 620.0 593.6  
Total Assets 15,652.1 13,969.3  
Liabilities      
Short-term debt 274.6 0.0  
Long-term Debt 3,465.2 3,430.4  
Pension and Postretirement Benefits 341.9 350.2  
Other Liabilities 609.3 537.3  
Liabilities 4,691.0 4,317.9  
Stockholders' Equity      
Common Stock, $0.10 par; authorized: 725,000,000 shares; issued: 195,460,723 and 194,588,625 shares 19.5 19.4  
Additional Paid-in Capital 1,489.6 1,547.8  
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (2,523.7) (3,308.0)  
Retained Earnings 12,914.0 11,431.5  
Treasury Stock - at cost: 16,871,752 and 1,216,528 shares (938.3) (39.3)  
Total Stockholders' Equity 10,961.1 9,651.4  
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity 15,652.1 13,969.3  
Amortized Cost of Fixed Maturity Securities $ 545.0 $ 656.2  
v3.25.0.1
Parent Company Balance Sheet Captions (Detail) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Stockholders' Equity, Number of Shares, Par Value and Other Disclosure    
Common Stock, Par Value (in dollars per share) $ 0.10 $ 0.10
Common Stock, Shares Authorized 725,000,000 725,000,000
Common Stock, Shares Issued 195,460,723 194,588,625
Treasury Stock, Shares at Cost 16,871,752 1,216,528
Short-term debt $ 274.6 $ 0.0
v3.25.0.1
Parent Company Statement of Income (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Condensed Income Statements, Captions      
Other Income $ 294.5 $ 279.2 $ 261.1
Total Revenue 12,887.3 12,385.9 11,984.1
Cost Related to Early Retirement of Debt 0.0 0.0 4.2
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) 472.2 356.3 342.8
Net Income 1,779.1 1,283.8 1,407.2
Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax 784.3 140.3 1,716.3
Comprehensive Income 2,563.4 1,424.1 3,123.5
Parent Company      
Condensed Income Statements, Captions      
Other Income 100.5 90.3 81.8
Total Revenue 1,512.2 1,671.4 1,411.4
Interest and Debt Expense 201.1 194.8 188.5
Cost Related to Early Retirement of Debt 0.0 0.0 4.2
Other Expenses 70.8 54.2 35.6
Operating Expenses, Total 271.9 249.0 228.3
Income of Parent Company Before Income Tax 1,240.3 1,422.4 1,183.1
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) (33.7) (9.5) 14.7
Income of Parent Company 1,274.0 1,431.9 1,168.4
Equity in Undistributed Earnings (Loss) of Subsidiaries 505.1 (148.1) 238.8
Net Income 1,779.1 1,283.8 1,407.2
Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax 784.3 140.3 1,716.3
Comprehensive Income 2,563.4 1,424.1 3,123.5
Parent Company | Cash Dividend      
Condensed Income Statements, Captions      
Dividends from Subsidiaries 1,378.7 1,581.1 1,306.6
Parent Company | Non-Cash Dividend      
Condensed Income Statements, Captions      
Dividends from Subsidiaries $ 33.0 $ 0.0 $ 23.0
v3.25.0.1
Parent Company Cash Flow Statement (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Cash Flows from Operating Activities      
Cash Provided by Operating Activities $ 1,513.2 $ 1,202.8 $ 1,418.7
Cash Flows from Investing Activities      
Proceeds from Maturities of Fixed Maturity Securities 1,483.0 1,578.1 1,532.5
Proceeds from Sales and Maturities of Other Investments 332.1 360.0 445.9
Purchase of Fixed Maturity Securities (2,001.7) (2,991.4) (2,835.3)
Purchase of Other Investments (319.1) (361.2) (482.9)
Net Purchases of Short-term Investments (842.1) (141.0) (22.6)
Net Purchases of Property and Equipment (125.7) (134.8) (102.2)
Net Cash Used by Investing Activities (344.4) (725.9) (955.9)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities      
Short-term Debt Repayment 0.0 (2.0) 0.0
Issuance of Long-term Debt 391.6 0.0 349.2
Long-term Debt Repayment (350.0) 0.0 (364.0)
Cost Related to Early Retirement of Debt 0.0 0.0 3.6
Issuance of Common Stock 6.0 5.2 4.0
Repurchase of Common Stock (972.9) (250.1) (200.1)
Dividends Paid to Stockholders (296.5) (277.1) (254.2)
Other, Net (7.4) (1.1) (2.9)
Net Cash Used by Financing Activities (1,152.0) (450.1) (418.6)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Bank Deposits 16.8 26.8 44.2
Parent Company      
Cash Flows from Operating Activities      
Cash Provided by Operating Activities 1,358.2 1,548.0 1,250.2
Cash Flows from Investing Activities      
Proceeds from Maturities of Fixed Maturity Securities 378.0 97.1 192.1
Proceeds from Sales and Maturities of Other Investments 25.1 23.9 7.4
Purchase of Fixed Maturity Securities (3.0) (44.5) (102.7)
Purchase of Other Investments (16.1) (23.4) (32.0)
Net Purchases of Short-term Investments (375.4) (104.4) (209.6)
Cash Distributions to Subsidiaries (40.2) (854.5) (540.2)
Net Purchases of Property and Equipment (91.1) (113.1) (94.0)
Net Cash Used by Investing Activities (122.7) (1,018.9) (779.0)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities      
Short-term Debt Repayment 0.0 (2.0) 0.0
Issuance of Long-term Debt 391.6 0.0 349.2
Long-term Debt Repayment (350.0) 0.0 (364.0)
Cost Related to Early Retirement of Debt 0.0 0.0 3.6
Issuance of Common Stock 6.0 5.2 4.0
Repurchase of Common Stock (972.9) (250.1) (200.1)
Dividends Paid to Stockholders (296.5) (277.1) (254.2)
Other, Net (9.9) 0.0 0.7
Net Cash Used by Financing Activities (1,231.7) (524.0) (468.0)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Bank Deposits $ 3.8 $ 5.1 $ 3.2
v3.25.0.1
Schedule III Supplementary Insurance Information (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Supplementary Insurance Information, by Segment      
Deferred Acquisition Costs $ 2,842.8 $ 2,714.5  
Reserves for Future Policy Contract Benefits 36,806.4 40,009.4  
Policyholder Account Balances 5,633.7 5,667.7  
Unearned Premiums 384.0 380.2  
Premium Income 10,497.4 10,046.0 $ 9,616.5
Net Investment Income [1] 2,130.0 2,096.7 2,122.2
Benefits and Change in Reserves for Future Benefits [2] 6,917.9 7,257.1 6,994.6
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs 521.0 481.4 421.1
All Other Expenses [3] 3,197.1 3,007.3 2,818.4
Unum US      
Supplementary Insurance Information, by Segment      
Deferred Acquisition Costs 1,260.6 1,232.2  
Reserves for Future Policy Contract Benefits 8,669.7 9,419.1  
Policyholder Account Balances 675.7 678.1  
Unearned Premiums 51.7 54.6  
Premium Income 6,883.2 6,579.2 6,251.4
Net Investment Income [1] 632.2 639.9 676.3
Benefits and Change in Reserves for Future Benefits [2] 3,864.7 3,808.5 3,970.9
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs 292.5 267.6 240.9
All Other Expenses [3] 2,011.3 1,879.2 1,768.8
Premiums Written [4] 4,834.0 4,634.3 4,335.7
Unum International      
Supplementary Insurance Information, by Segment      
Deferred Acquisition Costs 53.0 46.9  
Reserves for Future Policy Contract Benefits 2,163.0 2,305.3  
Policyholder Account Balances 0.0 0.0  
Unearned Premiums 165.5 151.4  
Premium Income 949.5 825.2 718.8
Net Investment Income [1] 128.8 137.2 170.1
Benefits and Change in Reserves for Future Benefits [2] 656.7 579.8 549.6
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs 9.5 8.4 8.2
All Other Expenses [3] 263.4 235.6 190.4
Premiums Written [4] 581.6 544.4 504.1
Colonial Life      
Supplementary Insurance Information, by Segment      
Deferred Acquisition Costs 1,529.2 1,435.4  
Reserves for Future Policy Contract Benefits 1,904.2 1,997.8  
Policyholder Account Balances 862.5 869.8  
Unearned Premiums 45.4 44.5  
Premium Income 1,783.9 1,726.1 1,702.0
Net Investment Income [1] 161.5 153.5 152.7
Benefits and Change in Reserves for Future Benefits [2] 804.7 798.1 826.1
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs 219.0 205.4 172.0
All Other Expenses [3] 413.0 396.5 389.6
Premiums Written [4] 1,247.4 1,221.8 1,221.8
Closed Block      
Supplementary Insurance Information, by Segment      
Deferred Acquisition Costs 0.0 0.0  
Reserves for Future Policy Contract Benefits 24,069.5 26,287.2  
Policyholder Account Balances 4,095.5 4,119.8  
Unearned Premiums 121.4 129.7  
Premium Income 880.8 915.5 944.3
Net Investment Income [1] 1,148.9 1,066.3 1,070.6
Benefits and Change in Reserves for Future Benefits [2] 1,591.8 2,070.7 1,648.0
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs 0.0 0.0 0.0
All Other Expenses [3] 243.0 246.5 248.0
Premiums Written [4] 868.1 904.2 936.8
Corporate and Other Segment      
Supplementary Insurance Information, by Segment      
Premium Income 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net Investment Income [1] 58.6 99.8 52.5
Benefits and Change in Reserves for Future Benefits 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs 0.0 0.0 0.0
All Other Expenses [3] 266.4 249.5 221.6
Premiums Written [4] 0.0 0.0 0.0
Closed Block Individual Disability Reinsurance Transaction      
Supplementary Insurance Information, by Segment      
Amortization of Prepaid Reinsurance Premium 41.4 44.1 50.3
Operating Segments | Closed Block Individual Disability Reinsurance Transaction      
Supplementary Insurance Information, by Segment      
Non-Contemporaneous Reinsurance $ 25.1 $ 34.8 $ 34.4
[1] Net investment income is allocated based upon segmentation. Each segment has its own specifically identified assets and receives the investment income generated by those assets.
[2] Included in policy benefits including remeasurement loss or gain were the following:
In 2024, reserve assumption updates resulting in a net decrease in policy benefits including remeasurement gain or loss in the Unum US, Colonial Life and Closed Block segments of $143.6 million, $46.0 million, $175.3 million, respectively and a net increase in policy benefits including remeasurement gain or loss in the Unum International segment of $7.5 million.
In 2023, reserve assumption updates resulting in a net decrease in policy benefits including remeasurement gain or loss in the Unum US and Colonial Life segments of $128.8 million and $80.7 million respectively and a net increase in policy benefits including remeasurement gain or loss in the Unum International and Closed Block segments of $17.9 million, and $368.8 million, respectively.
In 2022, reserve assumption updates resulting in a net decrease in policy benefits including remeasurement gain or loss in the Unum US, Unum International, Colonial Life, and Closed Block segments of $170.8 million, $7.6 million, and $55.2 million, and $9.7 million respectively.
In 2024, 2023, and 2022 the impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance of $25.1 million, $34.8 million, and $34.4 million respectively, in the Closed Block segment.
[3] Includes commissions, interest and debt expense, deferral of acquisition costs, compensation expense, and other expenses. Where not directly attributable to a segment, expenses are generally allocated based on activity levels, time information, and usage statistics. Also included in all other expenses were the following:
In 2024, 2023 and 2022 the amortization of the cost of reinsurance of $41.4 million, $44.1 million, and $50.3 million respectively, in the Closed Block segment.
In 2024, we incurred a loss on legal settlement of $15.3 million for the settlement of an employment-related matter, in the Corporate segment.
[4] Excludes life insurance.
v3.25.0.1
Schedule IV Reinsurance (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Reinsurance Premiums for Insurance Companies, by Product Segment      
Direct Premiums, Life Insurance in Force $ 1,162,098.7 $ 1,079,042.5 $ 1,057,312.2
Ceded Premiums, Life Insurance in Force 24,373.3 21,210.7 35,773.9
Assumed Premiums, Life Insurance in Force 1,009.8 921.6 931.9
Premiums, Net, Life Insurance in Force $ 1,138,735.2 $ 1,058,753.4 $ 1,022,470.2
Life Insurance in Force Premiums, Percentage Assumed to Net 0.10% 0.10% 0.10%
Gross Amount $ 10,732.1 $ 10,286.8 $ 9,893.6
Reinsurance Ceded 304.5 321.2 355.8
Assumed Premiums Earned 69.8 80.4 78.7
Net Amount $ 10,497.4 $ 10,046.0 $ 9,616.5
Percentage of Amount Assumed to Net 0.70% 0.80% 0.80%
Life Insurance      
Reinsurance Premiums for Insurance Companies, by Product Segment      
Gross Amount $ 3,011.1 $ 2,799.0 $ 2,704.3
Reinsurance Ceded 159.0 157.5 155.1
Assumed Premiums Earned 5.1 6.0 6.5
Net Amount $ 2,857.2 $ 2,647.5 $ 2,555.7
Percentage of Amount Assumed to Net 0.20% 0.20% 0.30%
Accident, Health, and Other Insurance      
Reinsurance Premiums for Insurance Companies, by Product Segment      
Gross Amount $ 7,721.0 $ 7,487.8 $ 7,189.3
Reinsurance Ceded 145.5 163.7 200.7
Assumed Premiums Earned 64.7 74.4 72.2
Net Amount $ 7,640.2 $ 7,398.5 $ 7,060.8
Percentage of Amount Assumed to Net 0.80% 1.00% 1.00%
v3.25.0.1
Schedule V Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Detail) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Allowance for expected credit losses (deducted from accounts and premiums receivable)      
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]      
Balance at Beginning of Year $ 29.5 $ 32.5 $ 34.2
Additions Charged to Costs and Expenses 8.0 11.3 10.8
Deductions [1] 10.7 14.3 12.5
Balance at End of Year 26.8 29.5 32.5
Allowance for expected credit losses (deducted from reinsurance recoverable)      
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]      
Balance at Beginning of Year 1.7 1.7 2.3
Additions Charged to Costs and Expenses 0.3 0.1 0.0
Deductions [1] 0.5 0.1 0.6
Balance at End of Year $ 1.5 $ 1.7 $ 1.7
[1] Deductions include amounts deemed to reduce exposure of expected losses on premium and accounts receivables and reinsurance recoverable, amounts deemed uncollectible, and amounts related to fluctuations in the foreign currency exchange rate.