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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 13, 2018
Registration No. 333-223501

 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

AMENDMENT NO. 1
to
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

ATLAS HOLDINGS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 
					
Delaware	 	2834	 	32-0546926	
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)	 	(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)	 	(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)	

 
					
Atlas Holdings, Inc.
c/o Impax Laboratories, Inc.
30831 Huntwood Ave
Hayward, CA 94544
Telephone: (510) 240-6000
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)	 	Bryan M. Reasons
Atlas Holdings, Inc.
c/o Impax Laboratories, Inc. 30831 Huntwood Ave
Hayward, CA 94544
(510) 240-6000
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)	 	Copies to:
Charles Ruck, Esq.
R. Scott Shean, Esq.
Wesley C. Holmes, Esq.
Ryan K. deFord, Esq.
Latham & Watkins LLP
885 Third Avenue
New York, New York 10022-4834
(212) 906-1200	

From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
(Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to public)
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box.  ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer  ☐	 	Accelerated filer  ☐	  	Non-accelerated filer  ☒
(Do not check if a
smaller reporting company)	 	Smaller reporting company  ☐
Emerging growth company  ☐	
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period forcomplying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  ☐

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment that specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

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The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
 
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION. DATED APRIL 13, 2018.
226,738,335 Shares

Atlas Holdings, Inc.
Class A Common Stock

This prospectus relates to the offer and sale from time to time by the selling stockholders identified in this prospectus of up to an aggregate of 226,738,335 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of Atlas Holdings, Inc. Out of the 226,738,335 shares of Class A common stock that our selling stockholders may offer and sell, (i) 34,520,549 restricted shares of Class A common stock previously have been issued to certain of our stockholders, (ii) 12,328,767 shares of Class A common stock will result from the automatic conversion upon transfer of restricted shares of Class B-1 common stock that have previously been issued to certain of our stockholders and (iii) the remaining 179,889,019 shares of Class A common stock will be issued by us from time to time to certain other of our stockholders who are also holders of Amneal Common Units (as defined herein) upon the redemptions by such stockholders of an equivalent number of Amneal Common Units (and the surrender and cancellation of an equivalent number of shares of Class B common stock) held by such stockholders. The availability of shares of Class A common stock described in clause (iii) above for offer and sale in this offering is subject to the redemption of Amneal Common Units pursuant to the LLC Agreement (each as defined herein).
The shares of Class A common stock registered hereby may be offered and sold by our selling stockholders through one or more underwriters, broker-dealers or agents. If the shares of Class A common stock are sold through underwriters or broker-dealers, the selling stockholders will be responsible for underwriting discounts or commissions or agent’s commissions. The shares of Class A common stock may be sold in one or more transactions at fixed prices, at prevailing market prices at the time of the sale, at varying prices determined at the time of sale, or at negotiated prices. See “Plan of Distribution.”
We are not selling any shares of Class A common stock under this prospectus, and we will not receive any of the proceeds from the offer and sale of shares of our Class A common stock by the selling stockholders.
This prospectus describes the general manner in which shares of Class A common stock may be offered and sold by any selling stockholder. When the selling stockholders sell shares of Class A common stock under this prospectus, we may, if necessary and required by law, provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. Any prospectus supplement may also add to, update, modify or replace information contained in this prospectus. We urge you to read carefully this prospectus, and any accompanying prospectus supplement before you make your investment decision.
Our Class A common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“ NYSE ”) under the symbol “AMRX.” We have three classes of common stock: Class A common stock, Class B common stock and Class B-1 common stock. The rights (including voting rights) of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical, except that Class B common stock has no economic rights and the rights of Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock are identical, except that Class B-1 common stock has no voting rights (other than to elect the Class B-1 Director (as defined herein). All of our Class B common stock is held by the Amneal Group (as defined herein) on a one-to-one basis with the number of Amneal Common Units they own. See “Glossary” and “Prospectus Summary.”
See “ Risk Factors ” on page 9 to read about factors you should consider before investing in our Class A common stock.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is                 , 2018.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Prospectus

GLOSSARY	  	 	iii	 	
THE COMBINATION AND THE PIPE INVESTMENT	  	 	v	 	
MARKET AND INDUSTRY DATA	  	 	vii	 	
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES	  	 	viii	 	
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY	  	 	1	 	
THE OFFERING	  	 	5	 	
SUMMARY HISTORICAL AND PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED AND OTHER FINANCIAL DATA	  	 	7	 	
RISK FACTORS	  	 	9	 	
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS	  	 	46	 	
THE COMBINATION	  	 	47	 	
USE OF PROCEEDS	  	 	48	 	
PRICE RANGE OF CLASS A COMMON STOCK	  	 	49	 	
DIVIDEND POLICY	  	 	50	 	
SELECTED HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF AMNEAL	  	 	51	 	
SELECTED HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF IMPAX	  	 	52	 	
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	  	 	53	 	
NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	  	 	57	 	
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF AMNEAL	  	 	71	 	
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF IMPAX	  	 	92	 	
BUSINESS	  	 	122	 	
MANAGEMENT	  	 	161	 	
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION	  	 	165	 	
CERTAIN RELATED PARTIES AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS	  	 	198	 	
EXCHANGES OF AMNEAL COMMON UNITS FOR CLASS A COMMON STOCK	  	 	214	 	
PRINCIPAL AND SELLING STOCKHOLDERS	  	 	215	 	
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK	  	 	219	 	
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE	  	 	226	 	
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS FOR NON-U.S. HOLDERS OF CLASS A COMMON STOCK	  	 	229	 	
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION	  	 	232	 	
LEGAL MATTERS	  	 	236	 	
EXPERTS	  	 	236	 	
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION	  	 	236	 	
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	  	 	F-1	 	

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or in any free writing prospectus we may authorize to be delivered or made available to you. We have not and the selling stockholders have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. The selling stockholders are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, shares of our Class A common stock only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of shares of our Class A common stock.
For investors outside the United States: We have not and the selling stockholders have not done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for
 
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that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the shares of Class A common stock and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.
This prospectus is a part of a registration statement on Form S-1 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ SEC ”) using a “shelf” registration or continuous offering process. Under this shelf process, the selling stockholders may from time to time sell the shares of Class A common stock covered by this prospectus. Additionally, under the shelf process, in certain circumstances, we may provide a prospectus supplement that will contain certain specific information about the terms of a particular offering by one or more of the selling stockholders. We may also provide a prospectus supplement to add information to, or update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus before deciding to invest in shares of our Class A common stock. You may obtain this information without charge by following the instructions under “Where You Can Find More Information” appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
Until                , 2018, all dealers that effect transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers’ obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.
 
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 GLOSSARY
As used in this prospectus, unless the context otherwise requires:
 
 	•	 	“ Amneal ” refers to Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.	
 
 	•	 	“ Amneal Board ” refers to Amneal’s board of managers.	
 
 	•	 	“ Amneal Common Units ” refers to the common units of Amneal.	
 
 	•	 	“ Amneal Group ” refers to the Existing Amneal Members and any of their affiliates, successors and permitted assigns (including the Amneal Group Representative) to which any New Amneal Shares have been transferred in accordance with the Stockholders Agreement (each an “ Amneal Group Member ”).	
 
 	•	 	“ Amneal Group Representative ” refers to Amneal Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and the ultimate parent of Amneal.	
 
 	•	 	“ BCA ” refers to the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of October 17, 2017, among Impax, Amneal, Holdco and Merger Sub, as amended on November 21, 2017 and December 16, 2017.	
 
 	•	 	“ Closing ” refers to the closing of the Combination.	
 
 	•	 	“ Closing Date ” refers to [●], 2018, the date on which the Closing occurred.	
 
 	•	 	“ Company ” refers to New Amneal, unless the context requires otherwise.	
 
 	•	 	“ Combination ” refers to the transactions contemplated by the BCA.	
 
 	•	 	“ dollars ” or “ $ ” refers to U.S. dollars.	
 
 	•	 	“ Existing Amneal Members ” refers to Amneal Pharmaceuticals Holding Company, LLC, AP Class D Member, LLC, AP Class E Member, LLC and AH PPU Management, LLC, each a Delaware limited liability company.	
 
 	•	 	“ GAAP ” refers to the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States.	
 
 	•	 	“ Holdco ” refers to Atlas Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Impax.	
 
 	•	 	“ holder ” refers to each holder of New Amneal Shares.	
 
 	•	 	“ Impax ” refers to Impax Laboratories, Inc., a Delaware corporation.	
 
 	•	 	“ Impax Board ” refers to Impax’s board of directors.	
 
 	•	 	“ Impax Merger ” means the merger of Merger Sub with and into Impax, with Impax continuing as the surviving corporation, pursuant to the BCA.	
 
 	•	 	“ Impax Shares ” refers to outstanding shares of common stock of Impax, par value $0.01 each.	
 
 	•	 	“ Impax Stockholders ” refers to the holders of Impax Shares.	
 
 	•	 	“ Merger Sub ” refers to K2 Merger Sub Corporation, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Holdco and an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Impax.	
 
 	•	 	“ New Amneal ,” “ our ” “ we ” or “ us ” refers refers to Holdco after it has been re-registered as a public company and renamed Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. pursuant to the BCA at or prior to the Closing.	
 
 	•	 	“ New Amneal Board ” refers to New Amneal’s board of directors.	
 
 	•	 	“ New Amneal Charter ” refers to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of New Amneal.	
 
 	•	 	“ New Amneal Shares ” refers collectively to shares of Class A common stock, shares of Class B common stock and shares of Class B-1 common stock.	
 
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 	•	 	“ selling stockholders ” refers to the existing stockholders who may offer or sell shares of Class A common stock pursuant to this prospectus, as identified in “Selling Stockholders,” comprised of (i) the PIPE Investors (including certain of the PIPE Investors currently holding restricted shares of Class B-1 common stock will be automatically be converted into shares of Class A common stock upon the transfer thereof) and (ii) the Amneal Group, which prior to the consummation of any offering or sale will exchange their Amneal Common Units for shares of Class A common stock as described in the “Prospectus Summary—Offering.”	
 
 	•	 	“ Stockholders Agreement ” refers to the Second Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement, dated December 16, 2017, by and among Holdco and the Existing Amneal Members.	
 
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 THE COMBINATION AND THE PIPE INVESTMENT
On [ ● ] , 2018, pursuant to the BCA, among other things: (i) the Impax Merger was effected; (ii) each Impax Share outstanding immediately prior to the Impax Merger Effective Time (other than than shares owned or held by Impax in treasury, by Amneal or by any of their respective subsidiaries (“ Cancelled Shares ”)), was converted into the right to receive one share of Class A common stock; (iii) Impax converted to a Delaware limited liability company named Impax Laboratories, LLC; (iv) Holdco contributed all of the equity interests of Impax to Amneal in exchange for certain equity interests of Amneal; (v) New Amneal issued shares of Class B common stock to the Existing Amneal Members; and (vi) New Amneal became the managing member of Amneal.
Immediately following the Closing: (i) (A) Existing Amneal Members held 100% of the Class B common stock, which represented approximately 75% of the voting power of the outstanding New Amneal Shares, and (B) Impax Stockholders immediately prior to the Closing held 100% of the Class A common stock, which represented approximately 25% of the voting power of the New Amneal Shares; (ii) (A) the Existing Amneal Members held approximately 75% of the Amneal Common Units and (B) Impax Stockholders indirectly, through their ownership in New Amneal, held approximately 25% of the Amneal Common Units; and (iii) the Amneal Common Units were exchangeable on a one-to-one basis for Class A common stock or Class B-1 common stock. The rights (including voting rights) of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical, except that Class B common stock has no economic rights and the rights of Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock are identical, except that Class B-1 common stock has no voting rights (other than to elect the Class B-1 Director (as defined herein).
Following the Closing and the closing of the investment by certain institutional investors including TPG Improv Holdings, L.P. (“ TPG ”) and funds affiliated with Fidelity Management & Research Company (the “ PIPE Investment ”), the Existing Amneal Members held approximately 60% of the voting power of the outstanding New Amneal Shares, and the PIPE Investors held approximately 15% of the voting power of the outstanding New Amneal Shares.
In connection with the Combination and the PIPE Investment, members of the Amneal Group entered into a definitive purchase agreement (the “ PIPE Purchase Agreement ”) with select institutional investors, including TPG and funds affiliated with Fidelity (the “ PIPE Investors ”). Pursuant to the PIPE Purchase Agreement, upon the Closing of the Combination, members of the Amneal Group exercised their right to cause Amneal to redeem certain of the Amneal Common Units (the “ Redeemed Units ”) held by such members pursuant to the LLC Agreement. In connection with such redemption, such members of the Amneal Group received shares of Class A common stock or shares of Class B-1 common stock in exchange for such Redeemed Units, in each case pursuant to the LLC Agreement (such redemption and issuance of Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock to the members of the Amneal Group, the “ Redemption ”). Following the Redemption, the members of the Amneal Group sold such shares of Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock to the PIPE Investors at a per share purchase price of $18.25 for gross proceeds of approximately $855,000,000. Following the PIPE Investment, the PIPE Investors own collectively approximately 15% of the New Amneal Shares on a fully diluted and as converted basis, with TPG owning all outstanding shares of Class B-1 common stock.
In connection with the Combination and in furtherance of the PIPE Investment, TPG, the Amneal Group Representative and Holdco entered into a side letter (the “ PIPE Side Letter ”) providing for certain rights and obligations of each in connection with the PIPE Investment. Pursuant to the PIPE Side Letter, TPG has customary registration rights with respect to the New Amneal Shares owned by it. The PIPE Side Letter also provides TPG the right to designate a board observer with respect to the New Amneal Board, as well as the right, subject to certain ownership thresholds discussed herein, to designate a director for appointment to the New Amneal Board.
After giving effect to the Combination and the PIPE investment, and based upon the aggregate number of shares of Impax common stock outstanding as of November 16, 2017 or issuable pursuant to the exercise of
 
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outstanding Impax options outstanding as of November 16, 2017, the holders of our Class A and Class B-1 common stock hold 100% of the economic interests in us and approximately 40% of the voting power in us, and the Amneal Group, through its ownership of all of the outstanding Class B common stock, collectively hold no economic interest in us and the remaining approximately 60% of the voting power in us. We are a holding company, and following the Combination and the PIPE Investment, our principal assets are the Amneal Common Units, representing an aggregate approximately 40% economic interest in Amneal. The remaining approximately 60% economic interest in Amneal is owned by the Amneal Group through their ownership of Amneal Common Units. We are the sole managing member of Amneal and, although we have a minority economic interest in Amneal, we have the sole voting power in, and control the management of, Amneal. Accordingly, we expect to consolidate the financial results of Amneal and report a non-controlling interest in our consolidated financial statements.
On or about the date of this prospectus, Amneal Holdings, LLC intends to (i) cause Amneal to redeem (in accordance with the terms of the LLC Agreement) approximately [●] of the Amneal Common Units issued to the Existing Amneal Members (and subsequently assigned and transferred to Amneal Holdings, LLC) in connection with the Combination for a like number of shares of Class A common stock covered by this prospectus, and (ii) distribute such shares to certain direct and indirect members of Amneal Holdings, LLC who were or are employees of Amneal and to whom were previously issued (prior to the Closing) profit participation units in Amneal.
 
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 MARKET AND INDUSTRY DATA
Unless otherwise indicated, information contained in this prospectus concerning our industry and the markets in which we operate is based on information from independent industry and research organizations, other third-party sources (including industry publications, surveys and forecasts, as well as market analyses and reports), and management estimates. Management estimates are derived from publicly available information released by independent industry analysts and third-party sources, as well as data from our internal research, and are based on assumptions made by us upon reviewing such data and our knowledge of such industry and markets which we believe to be reasonable. Although we believe the data from these third-party sources is reliable, we have not independently verified any third-party information. In addition, projections, assumptions and estimates of the future performance of the industry in which we operate and our future performance are necessarily subject to uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in the estimates made by the independent parties and by us.
 
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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
EBITDA, or earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, and adjusted EBITDA are used and provided by Amneal as non-GAAP financial measures. Adjusted EBITDA is intended to provide additional information on Amneal’s performance, operations and profitability. Adjustments to Amneal’s GAAP figures as well as adjusted EBITDA exclude interest expense, loss on extinguishment and modification of debt, income tax provision, depreciation and amortization, optimization expense, pro-forma royalty expense, loss on specified international entities, loss on sale of certain international businesses, acquisition and transaction related costs, foreign exchange gain, severance and non-controlling interest, legal contract settlement, member units purchase. Certain other special items or substantive events may also be included in the non-GAAP adjustments periodically when their magnitude is significant within the periods incurred. Amneal maintains an established non-GAAP cost policy that guides the determination of what costs will be excluded in non-GAAP measures. Amneal believes that these non-GAAP financial measures, when considered together with the GAAP figures, can enhance an overall understanding of Amneal’s financial and operating performance. The non-GAAP financial measures are included with the intent of providing investors with a more complete understanding of Amneal’s historical financial results and trends and to facilitate comparisons between periods and with respect to projected information. In addition, these non-GAAP financial measures are among the indicators Amneal’s management uses for planning and forecasting purposes and measuring Amneal’s performance. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. The non-GAAP financial measures used by Amneal may be calculated differently from, and therefore may not be comparable to, non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies.
 
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 PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus and does not contain all of the information that you should consider in making your investment decision. Before investing in our common stock, you should carefully read this entire prospectus, including our financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. You should also consider, among other things, the matters described under “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in each case appearing elsewhere in this prospectus .
Business
We are a specialty pharmaceutical company specializing in developing, manufacturing, marketing and distributing high-value generic pharmaceutical products across a broad array of dosage forms and therapeutic areas, as well as the development, manufacture and sale of branded products. We were formed from the combination of Amneal and Impax pursuant to the Combination. Prior to the consummation of the Combination, Amneal and Impax operated separately as independent companies.
Amneal is a generic pharmaceutical company specializing in developing, manufacturing, marketing and distributing high-value generic pharmaceutical products across a broad array of dosage forms and therapeutic areas. Amneal currently markets over 125 product families in the United States and its marketed and pipeline generics portfolios cover an extensive range of dosage forms and delivery systems, including both immediate and extended release oral solids such as tablets, capsules and powders, liquids, sterile injectables, nasal sprays, inhalation and respiratory products, ophthalmics (which are sterile pharmaceutical preparations administered for ocular conditions), films, transdermal patches and topicals (which are creams or gels designed to administer pharmaceuticals locally through the skin). Amneal focuses on developing products with substantial barriers-to-entry as a result of complex drug formulations or manufacturing, legal and/or regulatory challenges. Focusing on these opportunities allows Amneal to offer first-to-file (“ FTF ”), first-to-market (“ FTM ”) and other “high-value” products, which Amneal defines as products with zero to three generic competitors at time of launch. These products generally have limited competition at launch, tend to be more profitable and often have longer life cycles than other generic pharmaceuticals. As of December 31, 2017, Amneal had 156 products approved but not yet launched or pending Food and Drug Administration (“ FDA ”) approval and another 123 products in various stages of clinical development. Over 58% of Amneal’s total generic pipeline consists of potential FTF, FTM and high-value products. Amneal has an integrated, team-based approach to product development that combines its formulation, regulatory, legal, manufacturing and commercial capabilities.
Amneal was founded in 2002 by Chintu and Chirag Patel and is a limited liability company organized under the laws of Delaware. Since Amneal’s founding, Amneal has invested heavily in R&D and infrastructure in order to fuel future growth. As a result of these investments, as well as a continued focus on quality and customer service, Amneal has developed what it believes to be one of the largest generic product pipelines in the United States, as well as comprehensive development and manufacturing expertise and capability across all major dosage forms. This allows Amneal a greater degree of profitability, control over quality and agility in the face of changing market dynamics. Amneal has also developed vertically integrated Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (“ API ”) manufacturing capabilities, which it utilizes on a selective, product-by-product basis based on API scarcity or as alternate supply for strategically critical products. As of December 31, 2017, Amneal had launched 34 products in 2017, compared to 18 and 14 for the full years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
For the year ended December 31, 2017, Amneal had net revenue of $1,033.7 million, net income of $169.3 million and adjusted EBITDA of $336.1 million. Amneal’s investment in growth initiatives and ability to successfully launch new products has resulted in a compound annual revenue growth rate of 10%, and an adjusted EBITDA compound annual growth rate of 9% over the last three years. Net income had a compound

 
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annual decline of 2% over the last three years. Amneal plans to strengthen its competitive position as a leading generic pharmaceutical company by continuing to focus on developing and commercializing high-value products.
Impax is a specialty pharmaceutical company applying formulation and development expertise, as well as its drug delivery technology, to the development, manufacture and marketing of generic pharmaceutical products, in addition to the development, manufacture and marketing of branded products. Impax operates in two segments, referred to as “Impax Generics” and “Impax Specialty Pharma.” Impax Generics concentrates its efforts on generic products, which are the pharmaceutical and therapeutic equivalents of brand-name drug products and are usually marketed under their established nonproprietary drug names rather than by a brand name. Impax Specialty Pharma utilizes its specialty sales force to market proprietary branded pharmaceutical products for the treatment of central nervous system (“ CNS ”) disorders and other select specialty segments.
Risks Associated With Our Business
The businesses of Amneal, Impax and New Amneal are subject to a number of risks of which you should be aware before making an investment decision. These risks are discussed more fully in the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus immediately following this prospectus summary.
Corporate History and Information
We were incorporated in Delaware in 2017. Our principal executive offices are located at 30831 Huntwood Ave Hayward, CA 94544, and our telephone number is (510) 240-6000. Our website address is http://www.amneal.com. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of this prospectus.
We anticipate filing various U.S. federal trademark registrations and applications, and we own unregistered trademarks and servicemarks, including our corporate logo. All other trademarks or trade names referred to in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, the trademarks and trade names in this prospectus may be referred to without the ® and ™ symbols, but such references should not be construed as any indicator that their respective owners will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, their rights thereto. This prospectus also includes other trademarks of other persons.

 
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Organizational Structure
The diagram below depicts our current organizational structure after giving effect to completion of the Combination and the PIPE Investment.

 
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The diagram below depicts our organizational structure after giving further effect to this offering.

 
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 THE OFFERING

Class A common stock outstanding immediately prior to the registration by us of Class A common stock for resale by the selling stockholders	  	110,099,994 shares	
Class B-1 common stock outstanding immediately prior to the registration by us of Class A common stock for resale by the selling stockholders	  	12,328,767 shares	
Class B common stock outstanding immediately prior to the registration by us of Class A common stock for resale by the selling stockholders	  	179,889,019 shares	
Class A common stock that may be sold by the selling stockholders to the public	  	Up to 226,738,335 shares (1)	
Class A common stock to be outstanding immediately after the sale of Class A common stock by the selling stockholders to the public	  	302,317,780 (2)	
Class B-1 common stock to be outstanding immediately after the sale of Class A common stock by the selling stockholders to the public	  	None (2)	
Class B common stock to be outstanding immediately after the sale of Class A common stock by the selling stockholders to the public	  	None (2)	
The number of shares of common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on 110,099,994 shares of Class A common stock, 12,328,767 shares of Class B-1 common stock and 179,889,019 shares of Class B common stock (and an equivalent amount of Amneal Common Units), in each case, after giving effect to the Combination and the PIPE Investment, and based on 75,579,445 Impax Shares outstanding as of November 16, 2017 (inclusive of all Impax Shares issuable pursuant to the exercise of Impax options). It excludes the following:
 
 	•	 	23,000,000 shares of Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2018 Plan.	
Except as otherwise indicated, all information contained in this prospectus assumes or gives effect to:
 
 	•	 	no exercise of the outstanding options described above after December 31, 2017.	

(1)	Out of the 226,738,335 shares of Class A common stock that our selling stockholders may offer and sell, (i) 34,520,549 restricted shares of Class A common stock previously have been issued to certain of our stockholders, (ii) 12,328,767 shares of Class A common stock will result from the automatic conversion upon transfer of restricted shares of Class B-1 common stock that have previously been issued to certain of our stockholders and (iii) the remaining 179,889,019 shares of Class A common stock will be issued by us from time to time to certain other of our stockholders who are also holders of Amneal Common Units (as defined herein) upon the redemptions by such stockholders of an equivalent number of Amneal Common Units (and the surrender and cancellation of an equivalent number of shares of Class B common stock) held by such stockholders	
  	The Amneal Group, from time to time, may require Amneal to redeem or exchange all or a portion of their Amneal Common Units for newly-issued shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. New Amneal’s Board of Directors, which includes directors who hold Amneal Common Units or are affiliated with holders of Amneal Common Units and may include such directors in the future, may, at its option, instead make a cash payment in accordance with the terms of the LLC Agreement. Shares of our Class B common stock will be cancelled on a one-for-one basis if we redeem or exchange Amneal Common Units of the Amneal Group pursuant to the terms of the LLC Agreement. On or about the date of this prospectus, Amneal Holdings, LLC intends to (i) cause Amneal to redeem (in accordance with the terms of the LLC Agreement) approximately [●] of the Amneal Common Units issued to the Existing Amneal Members (and subsequently assigned and transferred to Amneal Holdings, LLC) in connection with the Combination for a like number of shares of Class A common stock covered by this prospectus, and (ii) distribute such shares to certain direct and indirect members of Amneal Holdings, LLC who were or are employees of Amneal and to whom were previously issued (prior to the Closing) profit participation units in Amneal.	

 
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  	In order for the Amneal Group to offer or sell pursuant to this prospectus, we will implement the exchange procedures set forth in the LLC Agreement pursuant to which such holder will exchange, on a one-for-one basis, its Amneal Common Units for newly-issued shares of Class A common stock that will be sold (and their shares of Class B common stock will be surrendered and cancelled on a one-for-one basis upon such issuance). When the Amneal Group exchanges Amneal Common Units for shares of Class A common stock, because New Amneal acquires additional Amneal Common Units, the number of Amneal Common Units owned by New Amneal will correspondingly increase. See “Certain Related Parties and Related Party Transactions—Agreements Entered into in Connection with the Combination—LLC Agreement.”	
(2)	The number of shares of Class A common stock to be outstanding after this offering assumes redemptions by selling stockholders of an amount of outstanding Amneal Common Units equivalent to the number of shares of Class A common stock (and the surrender and cancellation by such selling stockholders of an equivalent number of shares of Class B common stock) sold by such selling stockholders.	

 
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 SUMMARY HISTORICAL AND PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED AND OTHER FINANCIAL DATA
You should read the following summary financial data together with the financial statements of Amneal and the related notes appearing at the end of this prospectus, the financial statements of Impax and the related notes appearing at the end of this prospectus, and the “Selected Financial Data” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” sections of this prospectus.
The selected historical consolidated financial data of Amneal for each of the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, and as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from Amneal’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes, which are included in the section entitled “ Index to Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC and Subsidiaries Consolidated Financial Statements ” included in this prospectus. The selected historical consolidated financial data for the year ended December 31, 2014 and as of December 31, 2015 have been derived from Amneal’s audited consolidated financial statements, which have not been included in this prospectus. The selected historical consolidated financial data for the year ended December 31, 2013 and as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 have been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes of Amneal’s immediate parent, Amneal Pharmaceuticals Holding Company, LLC (“APHC”), as adjusted to exclude the immaterial activities of APHC. These financial statements have not been included in this prospectus. The information set forth below is only a summary and is not necessarily indicative of the results of future operations of Amneal or New Amneal, and you should read the following information together with Amneal’s audited consolidated financial statements, the related notes and the section entitled “ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Amneal ” included in this prospectus.
The selected historical consolidated financial data of Impax for each of the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, and as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from Impax’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes, which are included in this prospectus. The selected historical consolidated financial data for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 and as of December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013 have been derived from Impax’s audited consolidated financial statements, which have not been included in this prospectus. The information set forth below is a summary and not necessarily indicative of future results and should be read together with the other information contained in this prospectus, including the section entitled “ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Impax .”
The following Summary Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Operations Data of New Amneal for the year ended December 31, 2017, has been prepared to give effect to the Combination, the related financing and the PIPE Investment as if Closing had occurred on January 1, 2017. The following Summary Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet Data of New Amneal as of December 31, 2017, has been prepared to give effect to the Combination, the related financing and the PIPE Investment as if Closing had occurred on December 31, 2017.
The following Summary Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Operations Data is for illustrative and informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results that might have occurred had the Combination, the related financing and the PIPE Investment taken place on January 1, 2017 for statements of operations purposes and is not intended to be a projection of future results. Future results may vary significantly from the results reflected because of various factors, including those discussed in the section entitled “ Risk Factors ” beginning on page 9. The following Summary Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information should be read in conjunction with the section entitled “ Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Statements ” and related notes.

 
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Amneal

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
(In thousands)	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	  	2014	 	  	2013	 	
Statements of Income Data:	  				  				  				  				  				
Net revenue	  	$	1,033,654	 	  	$	1,018,225	 	  	$	866,280	 	  	$	785,263	 	  	$	531,126	 	
Total operating expenses	  	 	281,075	 	  	 	312,610	 	  	 	265,525	 	  	 	229,847	 	  	 	132,287	 	
Operating profit	  	 	245,103	 	  	 	284,881	 	  	 	236,158	 	  	 	218,575	 	  	 	100,815	 	
Net income attributable to Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC and Subsidiaries	  	 	167,648	 	  	 	207,378	 	  	 	169,451	 	  	 	176,928	 	  	 	91,776	 	

 	  	As of December 31,	 	
(In thousands)	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	 	2014	 	 	2013	 	
Balance Sheet Data:	  				 				 				 				 				
Cash and cash equivalents	  	$	74,166	 	 	$	27,367	 	 	$	61,087	 	 	$	117,522	 	 	$	81,885	 	
Working capital	  	 	475,050	 	 	 	501,041	 	 	 	365,454	 	 	 	325,989	 	 	 	207,501	 	
Total assets	  	 	1,341,889	 	 	 	1,218,817	 	 	 	1,014,093	 	 	 	829,983	 	 	 	592,289	 	
Total liabilities	  	 	1,717,471	 	 	 	1,394,762	 	 	 	1,200,966	 	 	 	927,670	 	 	 	616,375	 	
Total members’ (deficit) equity	  	 	(375,582	) 	 	 	(175,945	) 	 	 	(186,873	) 	 	 	(97,686	) 	 	 	(24,086	) 	
Impax

(In thousands, except per share data)	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	  	2014	 	  	2013	 	
Statements of Operations Data:	  				 				 				  				  				
Total revenues, net	  	$	775,787	 	 	$	824,429	 	 	$	860,469	 	  	$	596,049	 	  	$	511,502	 	
Total operating expenses	  	 	546,491	 	 	 	343,080	 	 	 	282,836	 	  	 	223,837	 	  	 	205,687	 	
(Loss) income from operations	  	 	(402,692	) 	 	 	(494,182	) 	 	 	69,568	 	  	 	88,816	 	  	 	(6,387	) 	
Net (loss) income	  	 	(469,287	) 	 	 	(472,031	) 	 	 	38,997	 	  	 	57,353	 	  	 	101,259	 	
Net (loss) income per share—Basic	  	$	(6.53	) 	 	$	(6.63	) 	 	$	0.56	 	  	$	0.84	 	  	$	1.51	 	
Net (loss) income per share—Diluted	  	$	(6.53	) 	 	$	(6.63	) 	 	$	0.54	 	  	$	0.81	 	  	$	1.47	 	
		
(In thousands)	  	As of December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	  	2014	 	  	2013	 	
Balance Sheet Data:	  				 				 				  				  				
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments	  	$	181,778	 	 	$	180,133	 	 	$	340,351	 	  	$	414,856	 	  	$	413,133	 	
Working capital	  	 	341,317	 	 	 	309,817	 	 	 	495,312	 	  	 	516,927	 	  	 	505,852	 	
Total assets	  	 	1,351,300	 	 	 	1,823,018	 	 	 	1,922,487	 	  	 	1,079,197	 	  	 	996,923	 	
Total liabilities	  	 	1,164,099	 	 	 	1,199,044	 	 	 	860,078	 	  	 	191,320	 	  	 	186,720	 	
Total stockholders’ equity	  	 	187,201	 	 	 	623,974	 	 	 	1,062,409	 	  	 	887,877	 	  	 	810,203	 	
Pro Forma New Amneal

(In thousands)	  	Year Ended
December 31, 2017	 	
 	  			
Statement of Operations Data:	  				
Net revenue	  	$	1,809,441	 	
Total operating expenses	  	 	806,792	 	
Operating loss	  	 	(167,931	) 	
Net loss	  	 	(342,128	) 	
Net loss per share—Basic	  	$	(1.29	) 	
Net loss per share—Diluted	  	$	(1.29	) 	

(In thousands)	  	As of
December 31, 2017	 	
 	  			
Balance Sheet Data:	  				
Cash and cash equivalents	  	$	243,163	 	
Working capital	  	 	899,727	 	
Total assets	  	 	4,364,198	 	
Total liabilities	  	 	3,492,877	 	
Total stockholders’ equity	  	 	871,321	 	

 
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 RISK FACTORS
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following risks and uncertainties, together with all other information in this prospectus, including our financial statements and related notes, before investing in our common stock. Any of the risk factors we describe below could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. The market price of our Class A common stock could decline if one or more of these risks or uncertainties actually occur, causing you to lose all or part of the money you paid to buy our common stock. Additional risks that we currently do not know about or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also impair our business. Certain statements below are forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this prospectus.
Risk Factors Relating to the Combination
The integration of Impax and Amneal following Closing will present challenges that may result in a decline in the anticipated benefits of the Combination.
The Combination involves the integration of two businesses that previously operated as independent businesses. Impax and Amneal will be required to devote management attention and resources to integrating their business practices and operations following the Closing. Potential difficulties Impax, Amneal or New Amneal may encounter in the integration process include the following:
 
 	•	 	the inability to successfully integrate the two businesses, including operations, technologies, products and services, in a manner that permits Impax, Amneal or New Amneal to achieve the cost savings and operating synergies anticipated to result from the Combination, which could result in the anticipated benefits of the Combination not being realized partly or wholly in the time frame currently anticipated or at all;	
 
 	•	 	the loss of sales and customers as a result of certain customers of either or both of the two businesses deciding not to continue to do business with Impax or Amneal, or deciding to decrease their amount of business in order to reduce their reliance on a single company;	
 
 	•	 	the necessity of coordinating geographically separated organizations, systems and facilities;	
 
 	•	 	potential unknown liabilities and unforeseen expenses, delays or regulatory conditions associated with the Combination;	
 
 	•	 	the integration of personnel with diverse business backgrounds and business cultures, while maintaining focus on providing consistent, high-quality products and services;	
 
 	•	 	the consolidation and rationalization of information technology platforms and administrative infrastructures as well as accounting systems and related financial reporting activities;	
 
 	•	 	the potential weakening of established relationships with regulators; and	
 
 	•	 	the challenge of preserving important relationships of both Impax and Amneal and resolving potential conflicts that may arise.	
Furthermore, it is possible that the integration process could result in the loss of talented employees or skilled workers of Impax and Amneal. The loss of talented employees and skilled workers could adversely affect Impax’s, Amneal’s or New Amneal’s ability to successfully conduct their respective businesses because of such employees’ experience and knowledge of Impax’s and Amneal’s businesses. In addition, Impax, Amneal or New Amneal could be adversely affected by the diversion of management’s attention and any delays or difficulties encountered in connection with the integration of Impax and Amneal. The process of integrating operations could cause an interruption of, or loss of momentum in, the activities of one or more of Impax’s or Amneal’s

 
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businesses. If Impax, Amneal or New Amneal experience difficulties with the integration process, the anticipated benefits of the Combination may not be realized fully or at all, or may take longer to realize than expected. These integration matters could have an adverse effect on the business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects of Impax, Amneal or New Amneal during this transition period and for an undetermined period after completion of the Combination.
New Amneal is controlled by the Amneal Group Members. The interests of Amneal Group Members may differ from those of other holders of New Amneal Shares.
Immediately following Closing and the closing of the PIPE Investment, Amneal Group Members (as defined in the Stockholders Agreement) beneficially own approximately 60% of the fully diluted New Amneal Shares.
Through its ownership of a majority of New Amneal’s voting power and the provisions set forth in the New Amneal Charter, the restated bylaws of New Amneal Bylaws and the Stockholders Agreement, the Amneal Group Members have the ability to designate a majority of the New Amneal Board. As a result of the Amneal Group Members’ ownership of a majority of the voting and economic interests in the combined businesses of Impax and Amneal under New Amneal, New Amneal is a “controlled company” as defined in the NYSE listing rules and, therefore, is not be subject to the NYSE requirements that would otherwise require New Amneal to have (i) a majority of independent directors, (ii) a nominating committee composed solely of independent directors, (iii) the compensation of its executive officers determined by a majority of the independent directors or a compensation committee composed solely of independent directors, and (iv) director nominees selected, or recommended for the board’s selection, either by a majority of the independent directors or a nominating committee composed solely of independent directors. Further, the Amneal Group Representative has the right to nominate half of the directors to serve on each of the Nominating Committee and Compensation Committee for so long as the Amneal Group Members beneficially own more than 50% of the outstanding New Amneal Shares. For further information regarding the New Amneal Board and its committees following Closing, see the section entitled “ Certain Related Parties and Related Party Transactions—Stockholders Agreement. ”
The Amneal Group Members also have control over certain New Amneal actions through certain consent rights:
 
 	•	 	For so long as Amneal Group Members beneficially own more than 25% of the outstanding New Amneal Shares, New Amneal will not take the following actions without obtaining the prior consent of the Amneal Group Representative:	
 
 	•	 	amend, modify, or repeal any provision of the New Amneal Charter or the New Amneal Bylaws in a manner that adversely impacts any Amneal Group Member;	
 
 	•	 	effect any change in the authorized number of directors, except pursuant to the Stockholders Agreement;	
 
 	•	 	create or reclassify any new or existing class or series of capital stock to grant rights, preferences, or privileges with respect to voting, liquidation, redemption, conversion or dividends that are senior to or on parity with those of the New Amneal Shares; or	
 
 	•	 	consummate any transaction as a result of which (i) more than 50% of the outstanding New Amneal Shares will be beneficially owned by any persons other than Amneal Group Members and (ii) any Amneal Group Member receives an amount or form of consideration different that which is granted to from other holders of New Amneal Shares.	
 
 	•	 	For so long as the Amneal Group satisfies certain ownership thresholds pursuant to the Stockholders Agreement, New Amneal must obtain consent from Amneal before consummating any transaction involving New Amneal or any of its subsidiaries that would reasonably be expected to result in the recognition of $40,000,000 or more in taxable income or gain by the Amneal Group.	
 
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 	•	 	Pursuant to the Tax Receivable Agreement, New Amneal and its subsidiaries must seek consent from Amneal or agree to certain conditions before (i) making a disposition of certain assets if the cumulative “amount realized” (as such term is defined for U.S. federal income tax purposes) for all such dispositions in any 12-month period would be in excess of $40,000,000, (ii) acquiring any equity interests or assets of other business entities, or (iii) entering into additional agreements with other persons that are similar to the Tax Receivable Agreement. In addition, New Amneal will be required to pay an Early Termination Payment to the Members in the event of a Change of Control (as defined in the section entitled “ Certain Related Parties and Related Party Transactions—Tax Receivable Agreement. ”).	
Amneal may have different interests than other holders of New Amneal Shares and may make decisions adverse to your interests.
Among other things, the Amneal Group’s control of New Amneal could delay, defer, or prevent a sale of New Amneal that other New Amneal Stockholders support, or, conversely, could result in the consummation of such a transaction that other New Amneal Stockholders do not support. This concentrated control could discourage a potential investor from seeking to acquire Class A common stock and, as a result, might harm the market price of that Class A common stock.
Impax, Amneal and New Amneal have incurred and will incur transaction-related costs in connection with the Combination and the integration of the two businesses.
Impax, Amneal and New Amneal have incurred and will incur transaction-related costs in connection with the Combination and in connection with the integration of Impax’s and Amneal’s businesses. There are many systems that must be integrated, including information management, purchasing, accounting and finance, sales, billing, payroll and benefits, and regulatory compliance. Impax and Amneal are in the early stages of assessing the magnitude of these costs and are therefore unable to provide estimates of these costs. Moreover, many of the expenses that will be incurred, by their nature, are difficult to estimate accurately at the present time. Such expenses could, particularly in the near term, reduce the cost synergies that Impax and Amneal expect to achieve from the elimination of duplicative expenses and the realization of economies of scale and cost synergies related to the integration of the businesses following the completion of the Combination. Accordingly, any net synergies may not be achieved in the near term or at all. These integration expenses may result in Impax, Amneal or New Amneal taking significant charges against earnings following the completion of the Combination.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information of Impax and Amneal is not intended to reflect what actual results of operations and financial condition would have been had Impax and Amneal been a combined company for the periods presented, and therefore these results may not be indicative of Impax’s, Amneal’s or New Amneal’s future operating performance. 
Because Amneal only recently combined with Impax upon completion of the Combination, there is no available historical financial information that combines the financial results of Impax and Amneal. The historical financial statements contained in this document consist of and are based on the separate financial statements of Impax and Amneal.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information presented in this document is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to, and does not purport to, represent what Impax’s, Amneal’s or New Amneal’s actual results or financial condition would have been if the Combination, the related financing transactions and the PIPE Investment had occurred on the relevant dates. In addition, such unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is based in part on certain assumptions regarding the transactions that Impax, Amneal and New Amneal believe are reasonable. These assumptions, however, are merely preliminary and will be updated upon Closing. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared using the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the purchase
 
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price is allocated to the underlying tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective acquisition date fair values with any excess purchase price allocated to goodwill. The pro forma purchase price allocation was based on an estimate of the acquisition date fair values of the tangible and intangible assets and liabilities of Impax. In arriving at the estimated fair values, Impax and Amneal have considered the preliminary appraisals of independent consultants, which were based on a preliminary and limited review of the assets and liabilities related to Impax to be held by New Amneal following the consummation of the Combination. New Amneal has a one-year period following Closing to complete the purchase price allocation after considering the fair value of Impax’s assets and liabilities at the level of detail necessary to finalize the required purchase price allocation. The final purchase price allocation may be different from that reflected in the pro forma purchase price allocation presented herein, and this difference may be material.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information does not reflect the costs of any integration activities or transaction-related costs or incremental capital spending that Impax’s or Amneal’s management believes are necessary to realize the anticipated synergies from the Combination. Accordingly, the pro forma financial information included in this document does not reflect what Impax’s, Amneal’s or New Amneal’s results of operations or operating condition would have been had Impax and Amneal been a combined entity during the period presented, or what Impax’s, Amneal’s or New Amneal’s results of operations and financial condition will be in the future.
Business issues currently faced by one company may be imputed to the operations of New Amneal.
To the extent that, prior to the Closing, either Amneal or Impax had or was perceived to have operational, regulatory, legal or other challenges, those challenges may raise concerns with respect to the other company following Closing, which may limit or impede Impax’s, Amneal’s or New Amneal’s future ability to conduct its business consistently with past practice.
If Amneal were to cease being a subsidiary of New Amneal or Impax were to cease being a subsidiary of Amneal in the future, such a separation could adversely affect our business and profitability due to Amneal’s strong brand and reputation.
Amneal has marketed and Impax and Amneal expect to market many of their respective products and services using the “Amneal” brand name and logo. Impax believes that the association with Amneal will provide many benefits, including:
 
 	•	 	brand associated with trust, integrity and longevity;	
 
 	•	 	perception of high-quality products and related services;	
 
 	•	 	strong research and development (“R&D”) capabilities, intellectual property, and technology; and	
 
 	•	 	established relationships with regulators, suppliers, customers and employees.	
While there is no present intention to separate Impax from Amneal or separate Amneal from New Amneal, if Impax were to cease being a subsidiary of Amneal or Amneal were to cease being a subsidiary of New Amneal, such a separation could adversely affect Impax’s, Amneal’s or New Amneal’s ability to attract and retain customers. Impax, Amneal or New Amneal may be required to provide more favorable pricing and other terms to our customers and take other action to maintain our relationship with existing, and attract new, customers, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Some of Impax’s or Amneal’s existing agreements contain change in control or early termination rights that may be implicated by the Combination.
Parties with which Impax or Amneal currently does business or may do business in the future, including customers and suppliers, may experience uncertainty associated with the Combination, including with respect to
 
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current or future business relationships with Impax, Amneal and New Amneal. As a result, the business relationships of Impax or Amneal may be subject to disruptions if customers, suppliers, or others attempt to negotiate changes in existing business relationships or consider entering into business relationships with parties other than Impax, Amneal or New Amneal. For example, certain customers and collaborators may have contractual consent rights or termination rights that may be triggered by a change of control or assignment of the rights and obligations of contracts that will be transferred in the Combination. These disruptions could harm our relationships with existing customers and preclude us from attracting new customers, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, cash flows, and/or share price of Impax, Amneal or New Amneal.
Some of Impax’s or Amneal’s relationships with its customers may experience disruptions in connection with the Combination, which may limit New Amneal’s business.
Parties with which Impax or Amneal currently does business or may do business in the future, including customers and suppliers, may experience uncertainty associated with the Combination, including with respect to future business relationships with the other or with New Amneal. As a result, the business relationships of Impax, Amneal and New Amneal may be subject to disruptions if customers, suppliers, or others attempt to renegotiate changes in existing business relationships or consider entering into business relationships with parties other than Impax, Amneal or New Amneal, in respect of Impax, Amneal or New Amneal. For example, certain customers and collaborators of Impax or Amneal may exercise contractual termination rights as they arise or elect to not renew contracts with Impax or Amneal. These disruptions could harm relationships with existing customers, suppliers or others and preclude us from attracting new customers, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, cash flows, and/or the share price of Impax, Amneal or New Amneal.
Potential changes in laws and regulations affecting Impax’s and Amneal’s businesses could have a material adverse effect on their respective financial performance.
Many of Impax’s and Amneal’s businesses are subject to various federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations. Their failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations could restrict their ability to provide certain services or result in imposition of civil fines and criminal penalties, substantial regulatory and compliance costs, litigation expense, adverse publicity and loss of revenues. Adverse legislation or regulations could be adopted prior to the Closing in any country, state or municipality in which Impax and Amneal operate. If such legislation or regulation is adopted in any particular jurisdiction and Impax or Amneal is unable to continue to operate profitably under the new rules, then Impax or Amneal may decide to make certain strategic decisions, resulting in decreased revenues, earnings and assets. If Impax or Amneal is unable to adapt its products and services to conform to any new laws and regulations, or if such laws and regulations have a negative effect on their customers, Impax or Amneal may experience customer losses or increased operating costs or be required to dispose of all or a part of their businesses, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses, financial condition and results of operations.
Amneal Group Members may be contemplating sale of their post-Closing interest in New Amneal, which could impact or differ from the remaining interest holders in New Amneal.
The sale of additional New Amneal Shares by Existing Amneal Members to other potential investors may adversely affect prevailing market prices for New Amneal Shares. In addition, such investors may have registration rights, the future exercise of which may adversely affect the market price of New Amneal Shares.
The Combination could have an adverse effect on the Impax and Amneal brands.
The success of Impax and Amneal is largely dependent upon the ability of Impax and Amneal to maintain and enhance the value of their respective brands, their customers’ connection to and perception of the brands, and
 
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a positive relationship with customers and suppliers. The businesses and results of operations of Impax and Amneal, could be severely damaged if the Combination receive considerable negative publicity or if customers or suppliers otherwise come to have a diminished view of the brands as a result of the Combination or the common ownership of the existing businesses.
The Tax Receivable Agreement with the Existing Amneal Members requires us to make cash payments to them in respect of certain tax benefits to which we may become entitled, and we expect that the payments we will be required to make will be substantial.
We are a party to the Tax Receivable Agreement with the Existing Amneal Members. Under the Tax Receivable Agreement, we will be required to make cash payments to the Existing Amneal Members equal to 85% of certain tax benefits, if any, that we actually realize, or in certain circumstances are deemed to realize, as a result of redemptions or exchanges of Amneal Common Units by the Existing Amneal Members as described under “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence—LLC Agreement—Amneal Common Units Redemption Right.” We expect that the amount of the cash payments that we will be required to make under the Tax Receivable Agreement will be significant. Any payments made by us to the Existing Amneal Members under the Tax Receivable Agreement will generally reduce the amount of overall cash flow that might have otherwise been available to us. Furthermore, our future obligation to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement could make us a less attractive target for an acquisition, particularly in the case of an acquirer that cannot use some or all of the tax benefits that are the subject of the Tax Receivable Agreement. For more information, see “ Related Party Transactions — Tax Receivable Agreement .” Payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement are not conditioned on any Existing Amneal Member’s continued ownership of Amneal Common Units or our Class A Common Stock.
The actual amount and timing of any payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of redemptions or exchanges by the holders of Amneal Common Units, the amount of gain recognized by such holders, the amount and timing of the taxable income we generate in the future, and the federal tax rates then applicable.
In certain cases, payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement to the Existing Amneal Members may be accelerated or significantly exceed the actual benefits we realize in respect of the tax attributes subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement.
The Tax Receivable Agreement provides that upon certain mergers, asset sales, other forms of business combinations or other changes of control or if, at any time, we elect an early termination of the Tax Receivable Agreement, then our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement to make payments thereunder would be based on certain assumptions, including an assumption that we would have sufficient taxable income to fully utilize all potential future tax benefits that are subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement.
As a result of the foregoing, we could be required to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement that (i) are greater than the actual benefits we ultimately realize in respect of the tax benefits that are subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement and (ii) are based on the present value of the anticipated future tax benefits that are the subject of the Tax Receivable Agreement, which payment may be required to be made significantly in advance of the actual realization, if any, of such future tax benefits. In these situations, our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement could have a substantial negative impact on our liquidity and could have the effect of delaying or preventing certain mergers, asset sales, other forms of business combinations or other changes of control. There can be no assurance that we will be able to fund or finance our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement.
We will not be reimbursed for any payments made to the Existing Amneal Members under the Tax Receivable Agreement in the event that any tax benefits are disallowed.
Payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement will be based on the tax reporting positions that we determine, and the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) or another tax authority may challenge all or part of the
 
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tax benefits we claim, as well as other related tax positions we take, and a court could sustain such challenge. If the outcome of any such challenge would reasonably be expected to materially adversely affect a recipient’s rights or obligations (including the amount or timing of payments) under the Tax Receivable Agreement, then we will not be permitted to settle or fail to contest such challenge without the consent of the Amneal Group Representative. We will not be reimbursed for any cash payments previously made to the Existing Amneal Members under the Tax Receivable Agreement in the event that any tax benefits initially claimed by us and for which payment has been made to an Existing Amneal Member are subsequently challenged by a taxing authority and are ultimately disallowed. Instead, any excess cash payments made by us to an Existing Amneal Member will be netted against any future cash payments that we might otherwise be required to make to such Existing Amneal Member under the terms of the Tax Receivable Agreement. However, we might not determine that we have effectively made an excess cash payment to an Existing Amneal Member for a number of years following the initial time of such payment. As a result, payments could be made under the Tax Receivable Agreement in excess of the tax savings that we realize in respect of the tax attributes with respect to an Existing Amneal Member.
Risk Factors Relating to Us and the Combined Business
Global economic conditions could harm us.
While global economic conditions have been fairly stable as a whole in recent years, continued concerns about the systemic impact of potential geopolitical issues and economic policy uncertainty, particularly in areas in which we operate, could potentially cause economic and market instability in the future and could adversely affect our business, including our financial performance.
Challenging economic conditions could result in tighter credit conditions. The cost and availability of credit may be adversely affected by illiquid credit markets and wider credit spreads, which could adversely affect the ability of our third-party distributors, partners, manufacturers and suppliers to buy inventory or raw materials and to perform their obligations under agreements with us, which could disrupt our operations and adversely affect our financial performance.
Global efforts to contain health care costs continue to exert pressure on product pricing and market access to pharmaceutical products. In many international markets, government-mandated pricing actions have reduced prices of patented drugs. Some countries may be subject to periods of financial instability, may have reduced resources to spend on healthcare or may be subject to economic sanctions, and our business in these countries may be disproportionately affected by these changes. In addition, the currencies of some countries may depreciate against the U.S. dollar substantially and if we are unable to offset the impact of such depreciation, our financial performance within such countries could be adversely affected.
We may be unable to integrate operations successfully and realize the anticipated synergies and other benefits of the Combination.
The Combination involves the combination of two companies that operated as independent public companies prior to the Combination. The integration of the businesses may be more time consuming and require more resources than initially estimated and we may fail to realize some or all of the anticipated benefits of the Combination if the integration process takes longer than expected or is more costly than expected. In addition, until the completion of the Combination, Impax and Amneal operated independently. It is possible that the integration process could result in the diversion of each company’s management’s attention, the disruption or interruption of, or the loss of momentum in, each company’s ongoing businesses or inconsistencies in standards, control, procedures and policies, any of which could adversely affect New Amneal’s ability to maintain relationships with customers, partners and employees or its ability to achieve the anticipated benefits of the Combination, or could reduce the earnings or otherwise adversely affect our business and financial results. Moreover, in addition to our failure to realize the anticipated benefits of any acquisition, including our revenues or return on investment assumptions, we may be exposed to unknown liabilities or impairment charges as a result of acquisitions we do complete.
 
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If we are unable to successfully develop or commercialize new products, our operating results will suffer.
Developing and commercializing a new product is time consuming, costly and subject to numerous factors that may delay or prevent such development and commercialization. Our future results of operations will depend to a significant extent upon our ability to successfully commercialize new products in a timely manner. We face several challenges when developing and commercializing new products, including:
 
 	•	 	our ability to develop products in a timely and cost-efficient manner and in compliance with regulatory requirements, including delays associated with the FDA listing and approval process and our ability to obtain required regulatory approvals in a timely manner, or at all, and maintain such approvals if obtained;	
 
 	•	 	the success of our clinical testing process to ensure that new products are safe and effective or bioequivalent to the reference listed drug;	
 
 	•	 	the risk that any of our products presently under development, if and when fully developed and tested, will not perform as expected;	
 
 	•	 	the risk that legal action may be brought against our generic drug products by our branded drug product competitors, including patent infringement claims among others;	
 
 	•	 	the availability, on commercially reasonable terms, of raw materials, including APIs and other key ingredients necessary to the development of our generic drug products; and	
 
 	•	 	Our ability to scale-up manufacturing methods to successfully manufacture commercial quantities of generic drug product in compliance with regulatory requirements.	
As a result of these and other difficulties, our products currently in development may or may not receive necessary regulatory approvals on a timely basis or at all, which may result in unsuccessful development or commercialization of new products. If any of our products, when acquired or developed and approved, cannot be successfully or timely commercialized, our operating results could be adversely affected. We cannot guarantee that any investment we make in developing or marketing products will be recouped, even if we are successful in commercializing those products.
If we fail to obtain exclusive marketing rights for our products or fail to introduce our products on a timely basis, our revenues, gross margin and operating results may decline significantly.
The Hatch-Waxman amendments to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the “ FDCA ”) provide for a period of 180 days of generic marketing exclusivity for any applicant that is first to file an ANDA containing a certification of invalidity, non-infringement or unenforceability related to a patent listed with respect to the corresponding branded drug (commonly referred to as a “ Paragraph IV certification ”). “First filers” are often able to price the applicable generic drug to yield relatively high gross margins during this 180-day marketing exclusivity period.
With respect to our generic products, ANDAs containing Paragraph IV certifications generally become the subject of patent litigation that can be both lengthy and costly. There is no certainty that we will prevail in any such litigation, that we will be the first to file and thus granted the 180-day marketing exclusivity period, or, if we are granted the 180-day marketing exclusivity period, that we will not forfeit such period. Even where we are awarded marketing exclusivity, we may be required to share our exclusivity period with other first filers. In addition, branded drug product companies often authorize a generic version of the corresponding branded drug product to be sold during any period of marketing exclusivity that is awarded (described further below), which reduces gross margins during the marketing exclusivity period. Branded drug product companies may also reduce the price of their branded drug product to compete directly with generic drug products entering the market, which would similarly have the effect of reducing gross margins. Furthermore, timely commencement of the litigation by the patent owner imposes an automatic stay of ANDA approval by the FDA for 30 months, unless the case is
 
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decided in the ANDA applicant’s favor during that period. Finally, if the court decision is adverse to the ANDA applicant, the ANDA approval will be delayed until the challenged patent expires, and the applicant forfeits the 180-day marketing exclusivity.
Our future profitability depends, to a significant extent, upon our ability to introduce, on a timely basis, new generic drug products that are either the first-to-market (or among the first-to-market) or that otherwise can gain significant market share. The timeliness of our product introductions is dependent upon, among other things, the timing of regulatory approval of our products, which to a large extent is outside of our control, as well as the timing of the introduction of competing products. As additional distributors introduce comparable generic pharmaceutical products, price competition intensifies, market access narrows, and product sales prices and gross margins decline, often significantly and rapidly. Accordingly, our revenues and future profitability are dependent, in large part, upon our ability or the ability of our development partners to file ANDAs with the FDA in a timely and effective manner or, alternatively, to enter into contractual relationships with other parties that have obtained marketing exclusivity. No assurances can be given that we will be able to develop and introduce successful products in the future within the time constraints necessary to be successful. If we or our development partners are unable to continue to timely and effectively file ANDAs with the FDA or to partner with other parties that have obtained marketing exclusivity, our revenues, gross margin and operating results may decline significantly, and our prospects and business may be materially adversely affected.
With respect to our branded products, generic equivalents for branded phannaceutical products are typicallv sold at lower prices than the branded products. The regulatory approval process in the United States and European Union exempts generic products from costly and time-consuming clinical trials to demonstrate their safety and efficacy and rely instead on the safety and efficacy of prior products. After the introduction of a competing generic product, a significant percentage of the prescriptions previously written for the branded product are often written for the generic version. In addition, legislation enacted in most U.S. states allows or, in some instances mandates, that a pharmacist dispense an available generic equivalent when filling a prescription for a branded product, in the absence of specific instructions from the prescribing physician. Pursuant to the provisions of the Hatch-Waxman Act, manufacturers of branded products often bring lawsuits to enforce their patent rights against generic products released prior to the expiration of branded products’ patents, but it is possible for generic manufacturers to offer generic products while such litigation is pending. As a result, branded products typically experience a significant loss in revenues following the introduction of a competing generic product, even if subject to an existing patent. Our branded pharmaceutical products are or may become subject to competition from generic equivalents because there is no proprietary protection for some of the branded pharmaceutical products we sell, because our patent protection expires or because our patent protection is not sufficiently broad or enforceable.
We face intense competition in the pharmaceutical industry from both brand and generic drug product companies, which could significantly limit our growth and materially adversely affect our financial results.
The pharmaceutical industry is highly competitive. The principal competitive factors in the pharmaceutical market include:
 
 	•	 	introduction of other generic drug manufacturers’ products in direct competition with our generic drug products;	
 
 	•	 	introduction of authorized generic drug products in direct competition with our products, particularly during exclusivity periods;	
 
 	•	 	the ability of generic drug product competitors to quickly enter the market after the expiration of patents or exclusivity periods, diminishing the amount and duration of significant profits;	
 
 	•	 	consolidation among distribution outlets through mergers and acquisitions and the formation of buying groups;	
 
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 	•	 	the willingness of generic drug customers, including wholesale and retail customers, to switch among products of different pharmaceutical manufacturers;	
 
 	•	 	pricing pressures by competitors and customers;	
 
 	•	 	a company’s reputation as a manufacturer and distributor of quality products;	
 
 	•	 	a company’s level of service (including maintaining sufficient inventory levels for timely deliveries);	
 
 	•	 	product appearance and labeling; and	
 
 	•	 	a company’s breadth of product offerings.	
Many of our competitors have longer operating histories and greater financial, R&D, marketing and other resources than us. Consequently, some of our competitors may be able to develop products and/or processes competitive with, or superior to, our products. Furthermore, we may not be able to (i) differentiate our products from those of our competitors, (ii) successfully develop or introduce new products—on a timely basis or at all—that are less costly than those of our competitors, or (iii) offer customers payment and other commercial terms as favorable as those offered by our competitors. The markets in which we compete and intend to compete are undergoing, and are expected to continue to undergo, rapid and significant change. We expect competition to intensify as technological advances and consolidation continues. New developments by other manufacturers and distributors could render our products uncompetitive or obsolete.
We believe our principal competitors in the U.S. generic pharmaceutical market, where we primarily compete, are Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited (“ Teva ”), Sandoz (a division of Novartis AG) (“ Sandoz ”), Endo International plc (Par) (“ Endo ”), Mylan Inc. (“ Mylan ”) and Fresenius Medical Care AG & Co. KGAA /Akorn, Inc. These companies, among others, collectively compete with the majority of our products. We also faces price competition generally as other generic manufacturers enter the market. Any such price competition may be especially pronounced where our competitors source their products from jurisdictions where production costs may be lower (sometimes significantly) than our production costs, especially lower-cost foreign jurisdictions. Any of these factors could result in reductions in our sales prices and gross margin. This price competition has led to an increase in demands for downward price adjustments by generic pharmaceutical distributors. Our principal strategy in addressing our competition is to offer customers a consistent supply of our generic drug products, as well as to pursue product opportunities with the potential for limited competition, such as high-barrier-to-entry first-to-file or first-to-market products. There can be no assurance, however, that this strategy will enable us to compete successfully in the generic drug product industry or that we will be able to develop and implement any new or additional viable strategies.
Competition in the generic drug industry has also increased due to the proliferation of authorized generic pharmaceutical products. Authorized generic drug products are generic drug products that are introduced by brand companies, either directly or through third parties, under the brand’s New Drug Application (“ NDA ”) approval for our own branded drug. Authorized generics do not face any regulatory barriers to introduction and are not prohibited from sale during the 180-day marketing exclusivity period granted to the FTF Abbreviated New Drug Application (“ ANDA ”) applicant. The sale of authorized generics adversely impacts the market share of a generic drug product that has been granted 180 days of marketing exclusivity. This is a significant source of competition for us, because an authorized generic drug product can materially decrease the profits that we could receive as an otherwise exclusive marketer of a generic drug product. Such actions have the effect of reducing the potential market share and profitability of our generic drug products and may inhibit us from developing and introducing generic pharmaceutical drug products corresponding to certain branded drugs.
If we are unable to manage our growth, our business will suffer.
We have experienced rapid growth in the past several years, and anticipate continued rapid expansion in the future. This growth has required us to expand, upgrade, and improve our administrative, operational, and
 
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management systems, internal controls and resources. Although we cannot assure you that we will, in fact, grow as we expect, if we fail to manage growth effectively or to develop a successful marketing approach, our business and financial results will be materially harmed. We may also seek to expand our business through complementary or strategic acquisitions of other businesses, products or assets, or through joint ventures, strategic agreements or other arrangements. Any such acquisitions, joint ventures or other business combinations may involve significant integration challenges, operational complexities and time consumption and require substantial resources and effort. It may also disrupt our ongoing businesses, which may adversely affect our relationships with customers, employees, regulators and others with whom we have business or other dealings. Further, if we are unable to realize synergies or other benefits expected to result from any acquisitions, joint ventures or other business combinations, or to generate additional revenue to offset any unanticipated inability to realize these expected synergies or benefits, our growth and ability to compete may be impaired, which would require us to focus additional resources on the integration of operations rather than other profitable areas of our business, and may otherwise cause a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
As our competitors introduce their own generic equivalents of our generic drug products, our revenues and gross margin from such products generally decline, often rapidly.
Revenues and gross margin derived from generic pharmaceutical products often follow a pattern based on regulatory and competitive factors that we believe are unique to the generic pharmaceutical industry. As the patent(s) for a brand name product or the statutory marketing exclusivity period (if any) expires, the first generic manufacturer to receive regulatory approval for a generic equivalent of the product is often able to capture a substantial share of the market. However, as other generic manufacturers receive regulatory approvals for their own generic versions, that market share, and the price of that product, will typically decline depending on several factors, including the number of competitors, the price of the branded product and the pricing strategy of the new competitors. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to continue to develop such products or that the number of our competitors for any given product will not increase to such an extent that we may stop marketing a generic drug product for which we previously obtained approval, which may have a material adverse impact on our revenues and gross margin.
The illegal distribution and sale by third parties of counterfeit versions of our products or of stolen products could have a negative impact on our reputation and a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Third parties could illegally distribute and sell counterfeit versions of our products, which do not meet the rigorous manufacturing and testing standards that our products undergo. Counterfeit products are frequently unsafe or ineffective, and can be life-threatening. Counterfeit medicines may contain harmful substances, the wrong dose of the active pharmaceutical ingredient or no active pharmaceutical ingredients at all. However, to distributors and users, counterfeit products may be visually indistinguishable from the authentic version.
Reports of adverse reactions to counterfeit drugs or increased levels of counterfeiting could materially affect patient confidence in the authentic product. It is possible that adverse events caused by unsafe counterfeit products will mistakenly be attributed to the authentic product. In addition, thefts of inventory at warehouses, plants or while in-transit, which are not properly stored and which are sold through unauthorized channels could adversely impact patient safety, our reputation and our business.
Public loss of confidence in the integrity of pharmaceutical products as a result of counterfeiting or theft could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
 
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Our business is highly dependent on market perceptions of us and the safety and quality of our products. Our business, products or product pricing could be subject to negative publicity, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Market perceptions of our business are very important to us, especially market perceptions of the safety and quality of our products. If any of our products or similar products that other companies distribute are subject to market withdrawal or recall or are proven to be, or are claimed to be, harmful to consumers, then this could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Also, because our business is dependent on market perceptions, negative publicity associated with product quality, illness or other adverse effects resulting from, or perceived to be resulting from, our products could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The generic pharmaceutical industry has also in recent years been the subject of significant publicity regarding the pricing of pharmaceutical products more generally, including publicity and pressure resulting from prices charged by competitors and peer companies for new products as well as price increases by competitors and peer companies on older products that the public has deemed excessive. Any downward pricing pressure on the price of certain of our products arising from social or political pressure to lower the cost of pharmaceutical products could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Accompanying the press and media coverage of pharmaceutical pricing practices and public complaints about the same, there has been increasing U.S. federal and state legislative and enforcement interest with respect to drug pricing. For instance, the United States Department of Justice issued subpoenas to pharmaceutical companies, including Impax, seeking information about the sales, marketing and pricing of certain generic drugs. In addition to the effects of any investigations or claims brought against us, our business, results of operations and financial condition could also be adversely affected if any such inquiries, of us or of other pharmaceutical companies or the industry more generally, were to result in legislative or regulatory proposals that limit our ability to increase the prices of our products.
A substantial portion of our total revenues is expected to be derived from sales of a limited number of products.
We expect that we will derive a substantial portion of our revenue from sales of a limited number of products. In 2017, Impax’s significant products accounted for 15%, 12%, 9%, 7% and 7%, or an aggregate of 50%, of its product sales, net. In 2017, Amneal’s significant products accounted for 13%, 9%, 8%, 4%, and 3%, or an aggregate of 37% of its net revenue. The sale of our products may be significantly influenced by market conditions, as well as regulatory actions. We may experience decreases in the sale of our products in the future as a result of actions taken by our competitors, such as price reductions, or as a result of regulatory actions related to our products or to competing products, which could have a material impact on our results of operations. Actions which could be taken by our competitors, which may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition, may include, without limitation, pricing changes and entering or exiting the market for specific products.
Our growth is dependent on our ability to continue to successfully develop and commercialize new products in a timely manner.
Our financial results will depend upon our ability to introduce and commercialize additional generic and branded products in a timely manner. In the generic pharmaceutical products market, revenue from newly launched generic products is typically relatively high during the period immediately following launch and can be expected generally to decline over time. Revenue from generic drugs in general, including prices of generic products that have generic alternatives on the market, can generally be expected to decline over time. Revenue from branded pharmaceutical products can be expected to decline as the result of entry of new competitors, particularly of companies producing generic versions of the branded products. Our growth is therefore dependent upon our ability to successfully introduce and commercialize new generic and branded products.
 
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Our ability to develop or license, or otherwise acquire, and introduce new products on a timely basis in relation to our competitors’ product introductions involves inherent risks and uncertainties.
Product development is inherently risky, especially for new drugs for which safety and efficacy have not been established and the market is not yet proven. Likewise, product licensing involves inherent risks including uncertainties due to matters that may affect the achievement of milestones, as well as the possibility of contractual disagreements with regard to terms such as license scope or termination rights. The development and commercialization process, particularly with regard to new drugs, also requires substantial time, effort and financial resources. The process of obtaining FDA approval to manufacture and market new pharmaceutical products is rigorous, time consuming, costly and largely unpredictable. We, or a partner, may not be successful in obtaining FDA approval or in commercializing any of the products that we are developing or licensing.
Our approved products may not achieve expected levels of market acceptance.
Even if we are able to obtain regulatory approvals for our new products, the success of those products is dependent upon market acceptance. Levels of market acceptance for our new products could be affected by several factors, including:
 
 	•	 	the availability of alternative products from our competitors;	
 
 	•	 	the prices of our products relative to those of our competitors;	
 
 	•	 	the timing of our market entry;	
 
 	•	 	the ability to market our products effectively at the retail level;	
 
 	•	 	the perception of patients and the healthcare community, including third-party payers, regarding the safety, efficacy and benefits of our drug products compared to those of competing products; and	
 
 	•	 	the acceptance of our products by government and private formularies.	
Some of these factors will not be in our control, and our products may not achieve expected levels of market acceptance. Additionally, continuing and increasingly sophisticated studies of the proper utilization, safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products are being conducted by the industry, government agencies and others which can call into question the utilization, safety and efficacy of products previously or currently marketed by Impax or Amneal. In some cases, studies have resulted, and may in the future result, in the discontinuance of product marketing or other risk management programs such as the need for a patient registry.
We may discontinue the manufacture and distribution of certain existing products, which may adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We continually evaluate the performance of our products, and may determine that it is in our best interest to discontinue the manufacture and distribution of certain of our products. We cannot guarantee that we have correctly forecasted, or will correctly forecast in the future, the appropriate products to discontinue or that our decision to discontinue various products is prudent if market conditions change. In addition, we cannot assure you that the discontinuance of products will reduce our operating expenses or will not cause us to incur material charges associated with such a decision. Furthermore, the discontinuance of existing products entails various risks, including, in the event that we decide to sell the discontinued product, the risk that we will not be able to find a purchaser for such products or that the purchase price obtained will not be equal to at least the book value of the net assets for such products. Other risks include managing the expectations of, and maintaining good relations with, our customers who previously purchased products from our discontinued products, which could prevent us from selling other products to them in the future. Moreover, we may incur other significant liabilities and costs associated with our discontinuance of products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
 
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Manufacturing or quality control problems may damage our reputation for quality production, demand costly remedial activities and negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
As a pharmaceutical company, we are subject to substantial regulation by various governmental authorities. For instance, we must comply with requirements of the FDA and other healthcare regulators with respect to the manufacture, labeling, sale, distribution, marketing, advertising, promotion and development of pharmaceutical products. We must register our facilities, whether located in the United States or elsewhere, with the FDA as well as regulators outside the United States, and our products must be made in a manner consistent with current good manufacturing practices (“cGMP”), or similar standards in each territory in which we manufacture. The failure of one of our facilities, or a facility of one of our third party suppliers, to comply with applicable laws and regulations may lead to breach of representations made to our customers or to regulatory or government action against us related to products made in that facility.
In addition, the FDA and other agencies periodically inspect our manufacturing facilities. Following an inspection, an agency may issue a notice listing conditions that are believed to violate cGMP or other regulations, or a warning letter for violations of “regulatory significance” that may result in enforcement action if not promptly and adequately corrected. We remain committed to continuing to improve our quality control and manufacturing practices; however, we cannot be assured that the FDA will continue to be satisfied with our corrective actions and with our quality control and manufacturing systems and standards. Failure to comply strictly with these regulations and requirements may damage our reputation and lead to financial penalties, compliance expenditures, the recall or seizure of products, total or partial suspension of production and/or distribution, withdrawal or suspension of the applicable regulator’s review of our submissions, enforcement actions, injunctions and criminal prosecution. Further, other federal agencies, our customers and partners in our alliance, development, collaboration and other partnership agreements with respect to our products and services may take any such FDA observations or warning letters into account when considering the award of contracts or the continuation or extension of such partnership agreements. Because regulatory approval to manufacture a drug is site-specific, the delay and cost of remedial actions, or obtaining approval to manufacture at a different facility, could negatively impact our business. Any failure by us to comply with applicable laws and regulations and/or any actions by the FDA and other agencies as described above could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.
The development, manufacture and sale of our products involves the risk of product liability and other claims by consumers and other third parties, and insurance against such potential claims is expensive and may be difficult to obtain.
The development, manufacture and sale of our drug products involves an inherent risk of product liability and other claims and the associated adverse publicity, and insurance against such potential claims is expensive and may be difficult to obtain. Litigation is inherently subject to uncertainties and we may be required to expend substantial amounts in the defense or resolution of this and similar matters. We regularly monitor the use of our products for trends or increases in reports of adverse events or product complaints, and regularly reports such matters to the FDA. In some cases, an increase in adverse event reports may be an indication that there has been a change in a product’s specifications or efficacy. Such changes could lead to a recall of the product in question or, in some cases, increases in product liability claims related to the product in question. If the coverage limits for product liability and other insurance policies are not adequate, or if certain of our products are excluded from coverage, a claim brought against us, whether covered by insurance or not, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. We also rely on self-insurance to cover product liability and other claims, and these claims may exceed the amounts we have reserved under our self-insurance program.
In the ordinary course of our business, we may also be subject to a variety of other types of claims, proceedings, investigations and litigation initiated by government agencies or third parties. These matters may include compliance matters, product regulation or safety, taxes, employee benefit plans, employment discrimination, health and safety, environmental, antitrust, customs, import/export, government contract
 
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compliance, financial controls or reporting, intellectual property, allegations of misrepresentation, false claims or false statements, commercial claims, claims regarding promotion of our products and services, or other similar matters. In addition, government investigations related to the use of our generic drug products may cause reputational harm to us. Negative publicity, whether accurate or inaccurate, about the efficacy, safety or side effects of our generic drug products or product categories, whether involving us or a competitor, could materially reduce market acceptance of our products, cause consumers to seek alternatives to our products, result in product withdrawals and cause our stock price to decline. Negative publicity could also result in an increased number of product liability claims, whether or not these claims have a basis in scientific fact. Any such claims, proceedings, investigations or litigation, regardless of the merits, might result in substantial costs, restrictions on product use or sales, or otherwise injure our business.
We manufacture and derive a portion of our revenue from the sale of pharmaceutical products in the opioid class of drugs. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has declared the wide spread addiction to and abuse of such products a public health emergency, and in recent months, the federal government has also announced plans to increase federal oversight on opioid sale and consumption. These plans, along with changing public and clinical perceptions of opioid products and the risks relating to their use may result in the imposition of even stricter regulation of such products and further restrictions on their sale and use, as well as a potential increase in opioid-related litigation involving us, all of which could result in material adverse effects on our business and results of operations. See “Business—Legal Proceedings” for more information.
We are subject to United States federal and state laws related to healthcare fraud and abuse and health information privacy and security, and the failure to comply with such laws may adversely affect our business.
In the United States, many of our products are eligible for reimbursement under federal and state health care programs such as Medicaid, Medicare, TriCare, and/or state pharmaceutical assistance programs, and as a result, certain federal and state healthcare laws and regulations pertaining to fraud and abuse and patients’ rights are, and will be, applicable to our business. We could be subject to healthcare fraud and abuse and patient privacy regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. The laws that may affect our ability to operate include, but are not limited to: (i) the U.S. Anti-Kickback Statute, which applies to our marketing and research practices, educational programs, pricing policies and relationships with healthcare providers or other entities, by prohibiting, among other things, soliciting, receiving, offering or paying remuneration, directly or indirectly, as a means of inducing, or in exchange for, either the referral of an individual or the purchase or recommendation of an item or service reimbursable under a federal healthcare program, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs; (ii) federal civil and criminal false claims laws and civil monetary penalty laws, which prohibit, among other things, individuals or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, claims for payment from Medicare, Medicaid or other third-party payers that are false or fraudulent; (iii) the U.S. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, (“ HIPAA ”), which among other things created new federal criminal statutes that prohibit executing a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program or making false statements relating to healthcare matters, and HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009, and our implementing regulations, which impose certain requirements relating to the privacy, security and transmission of individually identifiable health information and place restrictions on the use of such information for marketing communications; (iv) the U.S. Physician Payments Sunshine Act, which among other things, requires manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available under a federal healthcare program to report annually information related to “payments or other transfers of value” made to physicians and teaching hospitals, and ownership and investment interests held by certain healthcare professionals and their immediate family members, and similar state laws; (v) the government pricing rules applicable to the Medicaid, Medicare Part B, 340B Drug Pricing Program, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs program, the TRICARE program, and state price reporting laws; and (vi) state and foreign law equivalents of each of the above U.S. laws, such as anti-kickback and false claims laws which may apply to items or services reimbursed by any third-party payer, including commercial insurers, and state and foreign laws governing the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other in significant ways and often are not
 
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preempted by HIPAA, thus complicating compliance efforts. Violations of the fraud and abuse laws may result in severe penalties against us and/or our responsible employees, including jail sentences, large fines, and the exclusion of our products from reimbursement under federal and state programs. Defense of litigation claims and government investigations can be costly, time-consuming, and distract management, and it is possible that we could incur judgments or enter into settlements that would require us to change the way we operate our business. We are committed to conducting the sales and marketing of our products in compliance with the healthcare fraud and abuse laws, but certain applicable laws may impose liability even in the absence of specific intent to defraud. Furthermore, should there be ambiguity, a governmental authority may take a position contrary to a position we have taken, or should an employee violate these laws without our knowledge, a governmental authority may impose civil and/or criminal sanctions.
Any adverse outcome in these types of actions, or the imposition of penalties or sanctions for failing to comply with fraud and abuse laws, could adversely affect us and may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Some of the statutes and regulations that govern our activities, such as federal and state anti-kickback and false claims laws, are broad in scope, and while exemptions and safe harbors protecting certain common activities exist, they are often narrowly drawn. While we manage our business activities to comply with these statutory provisions, due to their breadth, complexity and, in certain cases, uncertainty of application, it is possible that our activities could be subject to challenge by various government agencies. In particular, the FDA, the DOJ and other agencies have increased their enforcement activities with respect to the sales, marketing, research and similar activities of pharmaceutical companies in recent years, and many pharmaceutical companies have been subject to government investigations related to these practices. A determination that we are in violation of these and/or other government regulations and legal requirements may result in civil damages and penalties, criminal fines and prosecution, administrative remedies, the recall of products, the total or partial suspension of manufacturing and/or distribution activities, seizure of products, injunctions, whistleblower lawsuits, failure to obtain approval of pending product applications, withdrawal of existing product approvals, exclusion from participation in government healthcare programs and other sanctions.
Any of these types of investigations or enforcement actions could affect our ability to commercially distribute our products and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Approvals for our new generic drug products may be delayed or become more difficult to obtain if the FDA institutes changes to its approval requirements.
The FDA may institute changes to its ANDA approval requirements, such as implementing new or additional fees similar to the fees imposed by the Generic Drug Fee User Amendments of 2012 (“ GDUFA ”) and its second iteration (GDUFA II), which may make it more difficult or expensive for us to obtain approval for our new generic products. The FDA may also implement other changes that may directly affect some of our ANDA filings pending approval from the FDA, such as changes to guidance from the FDA regarding bioequivalency requirements for particular drugs. Such changes may cause our development of such generic drugs to be significantly more difficult or result in delays in FDA approval or result in our decision to abandon or terminate certain projects. Any changes in FDA requirements may make it more difficult for us to file ANDAs or obtain approval of our ANDAs and generate revenues and thus have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Federal regulation of arrangements between manufacturers of branded and generic products could adversely affect our business.
As part of the Medicare Prescription Drug and Modernization Act of 2003, companies are required to file with the FTC and the DOJ certain types of agreements entered into between branded and generic pharmaceutical companies related to the manufacture, marketing and sale of generic versions of branded drugs. This requirement
 
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could affect the manner in which brand drug manufacturers resolve intellectual property litigation and other disputes with generic pharmaceutical companies and could result generally in an increase or lengthening of litigation against pharmaceutical companies or additional investigations or proceedings by the FTC or other governmental authorities. The impact of this requirement, the pending legislation and the potential private-party lawsuits associated with arrangements between brand and generic drug manufacturers is uncertain and could adversely affect our business.
Healthcare reform and a reduction in the coverage and reimbursement levels by governmental authorities, HMOs, MCOs or other third-party payers may adversely affect our business.
As part of commercializing our products, we have obtained authorization to receive reimbursement at varying levels for the cost of certain products and related treatments from governmental authorities and private health insurers and other organizations, such as health maintenance organizations (“ HMOs ”) and managed care organizations (“ MCOs ”). The trend toward managed healthcare in the United States, the growth of organizations such as HMOs and MCOs, and legislative proposals to reform healthcare and government insurance programs could significantly influence the purchase of pharmaceutical products, resulting in lower prices and a reduction in product demand. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 were signed into law on March 23, 2010 and March 30, 2010, respectively. These laws are referred to herein as “healthcare reform.” A number of provisions of the healthcare reform laws continue to have a negative impact on the price of our products sold to U.S. government entities. For example, the legislation includes measures that (i) significantly increase Medicaid rebates through both the expansion of the program; (ii) substantially expand the Public Health System (340B) program to allow other entities to purchase prescription drugs at substantial discounts; (iii) extend the Medicaid rebate rate to a significant portion of Managed Medicaid enrollees; (iv) apply a 50% discount to Medicare Part D beneficiary spending in the coverage gap for branded and authorized generic prescription drugs; and (v) levy a significant excise tax on the industry to fund healthcare reform. Such cost containment measures and healthcare reform affect our ability to sell our products and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Additionally, the Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Benefit established a voluntary outpatient prescription drug benefit for Medicare beneficiaries (primarily the elderly over 65 and the disabled). These beneficiaries may enroll in private drug plans. There are multiple types of Part D plans and numerous plan sponsors, each with its own formulary and product access requirements. The plans have considerable discretion in establishing formularies and tiered co-pay structures and in placing prior authorization and other restrictions on the utilization of specific products. In addition, Part D plan sponsors are permitted and encouraged to negotiate rebates with manufacturers. The Medicare Part D program, which went into effect January 1, 2006, is administered by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“ CMS ”) within the Department of Health and Human Services.
The CMS has issued extensive regulations and other sub-regulatory guidance documents implementing the Medicare Part D benefit, and the OIG has issued regulations and other guidance in connection with the Medicare Part D program. The federal government can be expected to continue to issue guidance and regulations regarding the obligations of Part D sponsors and their subcontractors. Participating drug plans may establish drug formularies that exclude coverage of specific drugs and payment levels for drugs negotiated with Part D drug plans may be lower than reimbursement levels available through private health plans or other payers. Moreover, beneficiary co-insurance requirements could influence which products are recommended by physicians and selected by patients. There is no guarantee that any drug that we market will be offered by drug plans participating under the Medicare Part D program or of the terms of any such coverage, or that covered drugs will be reimbursed at amounts that reflect current or historical levels. Additionally, any reimbursement granted may not be maintained, or limits on reimbursement available from third-party payers may reduce the demand for, or negatively affect the price of those products, which could significantly harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. We may also be subject to lawsuits relating to reimbursement programs that could be costly to defend, divert management’s attention and adversely affect our operating results. Most state Medicaid programs have established preferred drug lists, and the process, criteria and timeframe for obtaining placement on the preferred drug list varies from state to state. Under the Medicaid drug rebate program, a
 
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manufacturer must pay a rebate for Medicaid utilization of a product. The rebate for single source products (including authorized generics) is based on the greater of (i) a specified percentage of the product’s average manufacturer price or (ii) the difference between the product’s average manufacturer price and the best price offered by the manufacturer. The rebate for multiple source products is a specified percentage of the product’s average manufacturer price. In addition, many states have established supplemental rebate programs as a condition for including a drug product on a preferred drug list. The profitability of our products may depend on the extent to which they appear on the preferred drug lists of a significant number of state Medicaid programs and the amount of the rebates that must be paid to such states. In addition, there is significant fiscal pressure on the Medicaid program, and amendments to lower the pharmaceutical costs of the program are possible. Such amendments could materially adversely affect our anticipated revenues and results of operations. Due to the uncertainties regarding the outcome of future healthcare reform initiatives and their enactment and implementation, we cannot predict which, if any, of the future reform proposals will be adopted or the effect such adoption may have on our business. Future rulemaking and reform, including repeal of existing law, with respect to the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries, could increase rebates, reduce prices or the rate of price increases for healthcare products and services, or require additional reporting and disclosure. We cannot predict the timing or impact of any future rulemaking, reform or repeal of healthcare laws.
The majority of our products are produced at a few locations and a business interruption at one or more of these locations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.
We produce the majority of the products that we manufacture at our manufacturing facilities in New York, New Jersey, California, and India, as well as at certain third party suppliers. A significant disruption at any of these facilities, even on a short-term basis, could impair our ability to produce and ship products to the market on a timely basis, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.
Our profitability depends on our major customers. If these relationships do not continue as expected, our business, condition (financial and otherwise), prospects and results of operations could materially suffer.
We have approximately 220 customers, some of which are part of large purchasing groups. For the year ended December 31, 2017, Amneal’s four largest customers accounted for approximately 56% of net revenue, broken out as follows: AmerisourceBergen Corporation (21%), Cardinal Health, Inc. (13%), McKesson Drug Co. (13%), and CVS Caremark (9%). In 2017, the three major customers of Impax, Cardinal Health, McKesson Corporation, and Amerisource-Bergen, accounted for 33%, 30%, and 25%, respectively, or an aggregate of 88%, of Impax’s gross revenue. The loss of any one or more of these or any other major customer or the substantial reduction in orders from any one or more of our major customers could have a material impact on our future operating results and financial condition.
We may experience declines in the sales volume and prices of our products as a result of the continuing trend of consolidation of certain customer groups, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.
Our ability to successfully commercialize any generic or branded pharmaceutical product depends in large part upon the acceptance of the product by third parties, including pharmacies, government formularies, other retailers, physicians and patients. Therefore, our success will depend in large part on market acceptance of our products. We make a significant amount of our sales to a relatively small number of drug wholesalers and retail drug chains. These customers represent an essential part of the distribution chain of our pharmaceutical products. Drug wholesalers and retail drug chains have undergone, and are continuing to undergo, significant consolidation. This consolidation may result in these groups gaining additional purchasing leverage and, consequently, increasing the product pricing pressures facing our business. Additionally, the emergence of large buying groups representing independent retail pharmacies and other drug distributors, and the prevalence and
 
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influence of managed care organizations and similar institutions, potentially enable such groups to demand larger price discounts on our products. For example, there has been a recent trend of large wholesalers and retailer customers forming partnerships, such as the alliance between Walgreens and AmerisourceBergen Corporation, the alliance between Rite Aid and McKesson Drug Company, and the alliance between CVS Caremark and Cardinal Health. The result of these developments may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.
From time to time we may need to rely on licenses to proprietary technologies, which may be difficult or expensive to obtain.
We may need to obtain licenses to patents and other proprietary rights held by third parties to develop, manufacture and market products. If we are unable to timely obtain these licenses on commercially reasonable terms, our ability to commercially market our products may be inhibited or prevented, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We depend to a large extent on third-party suppliers and distributors for the raw materials for our products, particularly the chemical compounds comprising the APIs that we use to manufacture our products, as well as for certain finished goods. A prolonged interruption in the supply of such products could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.
The bulk of the raw materials essential to our manufacturing business are purchased from third parties. If we experience supply interruptions or delays, we may have to obtain substitute materials or products, which in turn would require us to obtain amended or additional regulatory approvals, subjecting us to additional expenditures of significant time and resources. In addition, changes in our raw material suppliers could result in significant delays in production, higher raw material costs and loss of sales and customers, because regulatory authorities must generally approve raw material sources for pharmaceutical products, which may be time consuming. Any significant supply interruption could have a material adverse effect on our business, condition (financial and otherwise), prospects and results of operations. To date, we have experienced no significant difficulties in obtaining raw materials. However, because the federal drug application process requires specification of raw material suppliers, if raw materials from a specified supplier were to become unavailable, FDA approval of a new supplier would be required. The amount of time required for the FDA to qualify a new supplier and confirm that our manufacturing processes meet the necessary standards could cause delays in the manufacturing and marketing of one or more of our products and could, depending on the particular product, have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
The time necessary to develop generic and branded drugs may adversely affect whether, and the extent to which, we receive a return on our capital.
We generally begin our development activities for a new generic drug product several years in advance of the patent expiration date of the brand-name drug equivalent. The development process, including drug formulation, testing, and FDA review and approval, often takes three or more years. This process requires that we expend considerable capital to pursue activities that do not yield an immediate or near-term return. Also, because of the significant time necessary to develop a product, the actual market for a product at the time it is available for sale may be significantly less than the originally projected market for the product. If this were to occur, our potential return on our investment in developing the product, if approved for marketing by the FDA, would be adversely affected and we may never receive a return on our investment in the product. It is also possible for the manufacturer of the brand-name product for which we are developing a generic drug to obtain approvals from the FDA to switch the brand-name drug from the prescription market to the OTC market. If this were to occur, we would be prohibited from marketing our product other than as an OTC drug, in which case revenues could be substantially less than we anticipated.
Developing and commercializing branded pharmaceutical products is generally more costly than developing and commercializing generic products. In order to grow and achieve success in our branded product business, we
 
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must continually identify, develop, acquire and license new products that we can ultimately market. There are many difficulties and uncertainties inherent in pharmaceutical research and development, and there is a high rate of failure inherent in new drug discovery and development. Failure can occur at any point in the process, including late in the process after substantial investment. New product candidates that appear promising in development may fail to reach the market or may have only limited commercial success because of efficacy or safety concerns, inability to obtain necessary regulatory approvals and payer reimbursement, limited scope of approved uses, difficulty or excessive costs to manufacture, or infringement of the patents or intellectual property rights of others. Products that do reach the market may ultimately be subject to recalls or other suspensions in sales. Delays and uncertainties in the FDA approval process and the approval processes in other countries can result in delays in product launches and lost market opportunity. Because there is a high rate of failure inherent in the research and development process of new products, there is a significant risk that funds invested in research and development will not generate financial returns. We cannot be certain when or whether any of our products currently under development will be approved or launched or whether, once launched, such products will be commercially successful. We may be required to spend several years and incur substantial expense in completing certain clinical trials. The length of time, number of trial sites and patients required for clinical trials vary substantially, and we may have difficulty finding a sufficient number of sites and subjects to participate in our trials. Delays in planned clinical trials can result in increased development costs, delays in regulatory approvals and delays in product candidates reaching the market. We rely on independent third-party clinical investigators to recruit subjects and conduct clinical trials in accordance with applicable study protocols and laws and regulations. If regulatory authorities detennine that we have not complied with regulations in the development of a product candidate, they may refuse to accept trial data from the site and/or not approve the product candidate, and we would not be able to market and sell that product. If we are not able to market and sell our products after significant expenditures to develop and test them, our business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
The testing required for the regulatory approval of our products is conducted primarily by independent third parties. Any failure by any of these third parties to perform this testing properly and in a timely manner may have an adverse effect upon our ability to obtain regulatory approvals.
Our applications for regulatory approval of our products, including both internally-developed and in-licensed products, incorporate the results of testing and other information that is conducted or gathered primarily by independent third parties (including, for example, manufacturers of raw materials, testing laboratories, contract research organizations or independent research facilities). Our ability to obtain and maintain regulatory approval of the products being tested is dependent upon the quality of the work performed by these third parties, the quality of the third parties’ facilities, and the accuracy of the information provided by third parties. We have little or no control over any of these factors. If this testing is not performed properly, our ability to obtain or maintain regulatory approvals, and to launch or continue selling products, could be restricted or delayed.
We depends on third-party agreements for a portion of our product offerings and any failure to maintain these arrangements or enter into similar arrangements with new partners could result in a material adverse effect.
We have broadened our product offering by entering into a variety of third-party agreements covering any combination of joint development, supply, marketing and/or distribution of products. We cannot provide assurance that the development, supply, marketing and/or distribution efforts of our contractual partners will continue to be successful, that we will be able to renew such agreements or that we will be able to enter into new agreements for additional products. Any alteration to, or termination of, our current distribution and marketing agreements, failure to enter into new and similar agreements, or interruption of our product supply under the such agreements, could have a material adverse effect on our business, condition (financial and otherwise), prospects or results of operations.
 
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We may make acquisitions of, or investments in, complementary businesses or products, which may be on terms that may not turn out to be commercially advantageous, may require additional debt or equity financing, which could increase our leverage and dilute equity holders.
We regularly review the potential acquisition of technologies, products, product rights and complementary businesses and is currently evaluating, and intends to continue to evaluate, potential product and/or company acquisitions and other business development opportunities. We may choose to enter into such transactions at any time. Nonetheless, we cannot provide assurance that we will be able to identify suitable acquisition or investment candidates. To the extent that we do identify candidates that we believe to be suitable, we cannot provide assurance that we will be able to reach an agreement with the selling party or parties, that the terms we may agree to will be commercially advantageous to us, or that we will be able to successfully consummate such investments or acquisitions even after definitive documents have been signed. If we make any acquisitions or investments, we may finance such acquisitions or investments through our cash reserves, debt financing, which may increase our leverage, or by issuing additional equity interests, which could dilute the holdings of our then-existing owners. If we require financing, we cannot provide assurance that we will be able to obtain required financing when needed on acceptable terms or at all.
Our operations in, and anticipated expansion into additional, international markets subjects us to increased regulatory oversight both in those international markets and domestically and regulatory, economic, social and political uncertainties, which could cause a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.
We are subject to certain risks associated with having assets and operations located in foreign jurisdictions, including our operations in India, Germany and the United Kingdom. We may also in the future expand our international business and operations into jurisdictions in which we have limited operating experience, including with respect to seeking regulatory approvals, marketing or selling products.
Our operations in these jurisdictions may be adversely affected by general economic conditions and economic and fiscal policy, including changes in exchange rates and controls, interest rates and taxation policies, increased government regulation, and, with respect to India, any reversal of India’s recent economic liberalization and deregulation policies, as well as social stability and political, economic or diplomatic developments in the future. Certain jurisdictions have, from time to time, experienced instances of civil unrest and hostilities, both internally and with neighboring countries. Rioting, military activity, terrorist attacks, or armed hostilities could cause our operations in such jurisdictions to be adversely affected or suspended. We generally do not have insurance for losses and interruptions caused by terrorist attacks, military conflicts and wars. In addition, anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws may conflict with some local customs and practices in foreign jurisdictions. Our international operations may subject us to heightened scrutiny under the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“ FCPA ”), the UK Bribery Act and similar anti-bribery laws, and could subject us to liability under such laws despite our best efforts to comply with such laws. As a result of our policy to comply with the FCPA, the UK Bribery Act and similar anti-bribery laws, we may be at a competitive disadvantage to competitors that are not subject to, or do not comply with, such laws.
We have increased exposure to tax liabilities, including foreign tax liabilities.
As a U.S. company with subsidiaries in, among other countries, India, Germany, Switzerland and England, we are subject to, or potentially subject to, income taxes as well as non-income based taxes in these jurisdictions as well as the United States. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes and other tax liabilities. Changes in tax laws or tax rulings may have a significantly adverse impact on our effective tax rate. In addition, we have potential tax exposures resulting from the varying application of statutes, regulations and interpretations, which include exposures on intercompany terms of cross-border arrangements among foreign subsidiaries in relation to various aspects of our business, including research and development activities and manufacturing. Tax authorities in various jurisdictions may disagree with, and subsequently
 
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challenge, the amount of profits taxed in such jurisdictions; such challenges may result in increased tax liability, including accrued interest and penalties, which would cause our tax expense to increase and which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations and our ability to satisfy our debt obligations.
Recent U.S. tax legislation may materially adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Recently enacted U.S. tax legislation has significantly changed the U.S. federal income taxation of U.S. and multinational businesses, including by reducing the U.S. corporate income tax rate, limiting interest deductions, permitting immediate expensing of certain capital expenditures, modifying or repealing many business deductions and credits (including certain foreign tax credits), adopting elements of a territorial tax system, imposing a one-time transition tax (or “repatriation tax”) on all undistributed earnings and profits of certain U.S.-owned foreign corporations, broadening the categories of income earned by certain U.S.-owned foreign corporations that may be subject to current US taxation, revising the rules governing net operating losses, repealing the deduction of certain performance-based compensation paid to an expanded group of executive officers and introducing new anti-base erosion provisions, such as the base erosion and anti-abuse tax. Many of these changes are effective immediately, without any transition periods or grandfathering for existing transactions. The legislation is unclear in many respects and could be subject to potential amendments and technical corrections, as well as interpretations and implementing regulations by the Treasury and IRS, any of which could lessen or increase certain adverse impacts of the legislation. In addition, it is unclear how these U.S. federal income tax changes will affect state and local taxation, which often uses federal taxable income as a starting point for computing state and local tax liabilities.
Our analysis and interpretation of this legislation is preliminary and ongoing and there may be material adverse effects resulting from the legislation that we have not yet identified. While some of the changes made by the tax legislation may adversely affect us, other changes may be beneficial. We continue to work with our tax advisors and auditors to determine the full impact that the recent tax legislation as a whole will have on us. We urge our investors to consult with their legal and tax advisors with respect to such legislation and its potential effect on an investment in our common stock.
Our competitors or other third parties may allege that we are infringing upon their intellectual property, forcing us to expend substantial resources in litigation, the outcome of which is uncertain. Any unfavorable outcome of such litigation, including losses related to “at-risk” product launches, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.
Companies that produce branded pharmaceutical products routinely bring litigation against ANDA or similar applicants that seek regulatory approval to manufacture and market generic forms of their branded products alleging patent infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. Patent holders may also bring patent infringement suits against companies that are currently marketing and selling approved generic products. Litigation often involves significant expense and can delay or prevent introduction or sale of our generic products. If valid and enforceable patents are infringed by our products, we would need to delay selling the infringing generic product unless we could obtain a license from the patent holder, and, if we were already selling the infringing product, cease selling and potentially destroy existing product stock.
There may be situations in which we may make business and legal judgments to market and sell products that are subject to claims of alleged patent infringement prior to final resolution of those claims by the courts, based upon our belief that such patents are invalid, unenforceable, or are not infringed by our marketing and sale of such products. This is referred to in the pharmaceutical industry as an “at-risk” launch. The risk involved in an at-risk launch can be substantial because, if a patent holder ultimately prevails against us, the remedies available to such holder may include, among other things, damages measured by the profits lost by the patent holder, which can be significantly higher than the profits we makes from selling the generic version of the product. We
 
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could be liable for substantial damages from adverse court decisions in such matters. We may also be harmed by the loss of any value of such inventory that we are unable to market or sell.
We are involved in various legal proceedings, all of which are uncertain, force us to incur substantial expense to defend and/or expose us to substantial liability.
We are or may become a party to litigation in the ordinary course of our business, including, among others, matters alleging product liability, other intellectual property rights infringement, violations of securities laws, employment discrimination or breach of commercial contract. In general, litigation claims can be expensive and time consuming to bring or defend against and could result in settlements or damages that could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our agreements to settle patent litigations, which are important to its business, are facing increased government scrutiny in the United States, which may result in increased government actions and private litigation suits.
We are involved in numerous patent litigations in which it challenges the validity or enforceability of innovator companies’ listed patents and/or their applicability to its generic pharmaceutical products, as well as patent infringement litigation in which generic companies challenge the validity or enforceability of our patents and/or their applicability to their generic pharmaceutical products, and therefore settling patent litigations has been and is likely to continue to be an important part of our business. Parties to such settlement agreements in the United States, including us, are required by law to file them with the Federal Trade Commission (“ FTC ”) and the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice for review. The FTC has publicly stated that, in its view, some of the brand-generic settlement agreements violate the antitrust laws and has brought actions against some brand and generic companies that have entered into such agreements. In June 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court in its decision in FTC v.  Actavis determined that “reverse payment” settlement agreements between brand and generic companies could violate antitrust laws. The Supreme Court held that such settlement agreements are neither immune from antitrust attack nor presumptively illegal but rather should be analyzed under the “Rule of Reason.” It is currently uncertain the effect the Supreme Court’s decision will have on our existing settlement agreements or its impact on its ability to enter into such settlement agreements in the future or the terms thereof. The Supreme Court’s decision may result in heightened scrutiny from the FTC of such settlement agreements and we may become subject to increased FTC investigations or enforcement actions arising from such settlement agreements. Further, private plaintiffs, including direct and indirect purchasers of our products, may also become more active in bringing private litigation claims against us and other brand and generic pharmaceutical companies alleging that such settlement agreements violate antitrust laws. Accordingly, we have in the past received and may receive formal or informal requests from the FTC for information about a particular settlement agreement, and there is a risk that the FTC, or others, such as customers, may commence an action against us alleging violations of the antitrust laws. Such settlement agreements may further expose us to claims by purchasers of the products for unlawfully inhibiting competition. We currently a defendant in private antitrust actions involving certain settlement agreements.
The defense of antitrust investigation and claims are generally expensive and time consuming, and we can give no assurance as to the timing or outcome of such investigation or claims or of any future private litigation or government action alleging that one of its settlement agreements violates antitrust laws.
 
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The use of legal, regulatory and legislative strategies by brand competitors, including authorized generics and citizen’s petitions, as well as the potential impact of proposed legislation, may increase our costs associated with the introduction or marketing of our generic products, delay or prevent such introduction and/or significantly reduce the profit potential of our products.
Brand drug companies often pursue strategies that may serve to prevent or delay competition from our generic alternatives to their branded products. These strategies include, but are not limited to:
 
 	•	 	marketing an authorized generic version of a branded product at the same time that we introduce a generic equivalent of that product, directly or through agreement with a generic competitor;	
 
 	•	 	filing “citizen’s petitions” with the FDA to thwart generic competition by causing delays of our product approvals;	
 
 	•	 	using risk evaluation and mitigation strategies (“ REMS ”), related distribution restrictions or other means of limiting access to their branded products, to prevent us from obtaining product samples needed to conduct bioequivalence testing required for ANDA approval, thereby delaying or preventing us from obtaining FDA approval of a generic version of such branded products;	
 
 	•	 	seeking to secure patent protection of certain “Elements to Assure Safe Use” of a REMS program, which are required medical interventions or other actions healthcare professionals need to execute prior to prescribing or dispensing the drug to the patient, in an attempt to thwart our ability to avoid infringement of the patents in question or secure approval;	
 
 	•	 	seeking to establish regulatory and legal obstacles that would make it more difficult for us to demonstrate a generic product’s bioequivalence or “sameness” to the related branded product;	
 
 	•	 	initiating legislative and administrative efforts in various states to limit the substitution of generic versions of branded pharmaceutical products for the corresponding branded products;	
 
 	•	 	filing suits for patent infringement that automatically delay FDA approval of our generic products;	
 
 	•	 	introducing “next-generation” products prior to the expiration of market exclusivity for their branded product, which often materially reduces the demand for the generic product for which we may be seeking FDA approval;	
 
 	•	 	obtaining extensions of market exclusivity by conducting clinical trials of branded drugs in pediatric populations or by other methods as discussed below;	
 
 	•	 	persuading the FDA to withdraw the approval of branded drugs for which the associated patents are about to expire, thus allowing the brand company to develop and launch new patented products serving as substitutes for the withdrawn products;	
 
 	•	 	seeking to obtain new patents on drugs for which patent protection is about to expire;	
 
 	•	 	filing patent applications that are more complex and costly to challenge;	
 
 	•	 	seeking temporary restraining orders and injunctions against selling a generic equivalent of their branded product based on alleged misappropriation of trade secrets or breach of confidentiality obligations;	
 
 	•	 	seeking temporary restraining orders and injunctions against us after we have received final FDA approval for a product for which we are attempting to launch at-risk prior to resolution of related patent litigation;	
 
 	•	 	reducing the marketing of the branded product to healthcare providers, thereby reducing the branded drug’s commercial exposure and market size, which in turn adversely affects the market potential of the equivalent generic product; and	
 
 	•	 	converting branded prescription drugs that are facing potential generic competition to over-the-counter products, thereby significantly impeding the growth of the generic prescription market for such drugs.	
 
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We expend a significant amount of resources on research and development, including milestones on in-licensed products, which may not lead to successful product introductions.
Much of our development effort is focused on technically difficult-to-formulate products and/or products that require advanced manufacturing technology. We expend significant resources on research and development primarily to enable us to manufacture and market FDA-approved pharmaceuticals in accordance with FDA regulations. We have entered into, and may in the future enter into, agreements that require us to make significant milestone payments upon achievement of various research and development events and regulatory approvals. As we continue to develop and in-license new products, we will likely incur increased research and licensing expenses. Because of the inherent risk associated with research and development efforts in the industry, particularly with respect to new drugs, our research and development expenditures may not result in the successful introduction of FDA-approved pharmaceutical products. Additionally, after we or our development partners submits an ANDA, the FDA may request that additional studies be conducted. As a result, we may be unable to reasonably determine the total research and development costs required to develop a particular product. Finally, we cannot be certain that any investment made in developing products will be recovered, even if we are successful in commercialization. To the extent that we expend significant resources on research and development efforts and are not ultimately able to successfully introduce new products as a result of those efforts, our business, financial position and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
We have a substantial amount of indebtedness, which could adversely affect our financial health.
We have a substantial amount of indebtedness. As of December 31, 2017, on a pro forma basis giving effect to the Combination and the related financing, New Amneal would have had approximately $2.7 billion of total gross indebtedness and approximately $500.0 million of available borrowing capacity under our credit facilities. For additional details of our expected debt, see the section entitled “ Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Statements .”
Our substantial level of indebtedness could have important consequences to you. For example, it could:
 
 	•	 	increase our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions;	
 
 	•	 	limit our ability to obtain additional financing for future working capital, capital expenditures, raw materials, strategic acquisitions and other general corporate requirements;	
 
 	•	 	expose us to interest rate fluctuations because the interest on certain debt under the credit facilities is imposed at variable rates;	
 
 	•	 	require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our debt, thereby reducing the availability of cash flow for operations and other purposes;	
 
 	•	 	make it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations to our lenders, resulting in possible defaults on and acceleration of such indebtedness;	
 
 	•	 	limit our ability to refinance indebtedness or increase the associated costs;	
 
 	•	 	require us to sell assets to reduce debt or influence the decision about whether to do so;	
 
 	•	 	limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate or prevent us from carrying out capital spending that is necessary or important to our growth strategy and efforts to improve operating margins or our business; and	
 
 	•	 	place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to any competitors that have less debt or comparable debt at more favorable interest rates and that, as a result, may be better positioned to withstand economic downturns.	
 
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The risks and uncertainties inherent in conducting clinical trials could delay or prevent the development and commercialization of our own branded products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
With respect to our branded products which do not qualify for the FDA’s abbreviated application procedures, we must demonstrate through clinical trials that these products are safe and effective for use. We have only limited experience in conducting and supervising clinical trials. The process of completing clinical trials and preparing a NDA may take several years and requires substantial resources. Our studies and filings may not result in FDA approval to market our new drug products and, if the FDA grants approval, we cannot predict the timing of any approval. There are substantial filing fees for NDAs that are not refundable if FDA approval is not obtained.
There are a number of risks and uncertainties associated with clinical trials. The results of clinical trials may not be indicative of results that would be obtained from large scale testing. Clinical trials are often conducted with patients having advanced stages of disease and, as a result, during the course of treatment these patients can die or suffer adverse medical effects for reasons that may not be related to the pharmaceutical agents being tested, but which nevertheless affect the clinical trial results. In addition, side effects experienced by the patients may cause delay of approval or limit the profile of an approved product. Moreover, our clinical trials may not demonstrate sufficient safety and efficacy to obtain approval from the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities. The FDA or foreign regulatory authorities may not agree with our assessment of the clinical data or they may interpret it differently. Such regulatory authorities may require additional or expanded clinical trials. Even if the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities approve certain products developed by us, there is no assurance that such regulatory authorities will not subject marketing of such products to certain limits on indicated use.
Failure can occur at any time during the clinical trial process and, in addition, the results from early clinical trials may not be predictive of results obtained in later and larger clinical trials, and product candidates in later clinical trials may fail to show the desired safety or efficacy despite having progressed successfully through earlier clinical testing. A number of companies in the pharmaceutical industry, including us, have suffered significant setbacks in clinical trials, even in advanced clinical trials after showing positive results in earlier clinical trials. The completion of clinical trials for our product candidates may be delayed or halted for the reasons noted above in addition to many other reasons, including:
 
 	•	 	delays in patient enrollment, and variability in the number and types of patients available for clinical trials;	
 
 	•	 	regulators or institutional review boards may not allow us to commence or continue a clinical trial;	
 
 	•	 	our inability, or the inability of our partners, to manufacture or obtain from third parties materials sufficient to complete our clinical trials;	
 
 	•	 	delays or failure in reaching agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective clinical trial sites;	
 
 	•	 	risks associated with trial design, which may result in a failure of the trial to show statistically significant results even if the product candidate is effective;	
 
 	•	 	difficulty in maintaining contact with patients after treatment commences, resulting in incomplete data;	
 
 	•	 	poor effectiveness of product candidates during clinical trials;	
 
 	•	 	safety issues, including adverse events associated with product candidates;	
 
 	•	 	the failure of patients to complete clinical trials due to adverse side effects, dissatisfaction with the product candidate, or other reasons;	
 
 	•	 	governmental or regulatory delays or changes in regulatory requirements, policy and guidelines; and	
 
 	•	 	varying interpretation of data by the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities.	
 
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In addition, our product candidates could be subject to competition for clinical study sites and patients from other therapies under development which may delay the enrollment in or initiation of our clinical trials.
The FDA or foreign regulatory authorities may require us to conduct unanticipated additional clinical trials, which could result in additional expense and delays in bringing our product candidates to market. Any failure or delay in completing clinical trials for our product candidates would prevent or delay the commercialization of our product candidates. We cannot assure that our expenses related to clinical trials will lead to the development of brand-name drugs that will generate revenues in the near future. Delays or failure in the development and commercialization of our own branded products could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our reporting and payment obligations under the Medicaid rebate program and other governmental purchasing and rebate programs are complex and may involve subjective decisions. Any determination that we have failed to comply with those obligations could subject us to penalties and sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
The regulations applicable to us regarding reporting and payment obligations with respect to Medicaid reimbursement and rebates and other governmental programs are complex. As discussed elsewhere in this prospectus, we and other pharmaceutical companies are defendants in a number of suits filed by state attorneys general and have been notified of an investigation by the DOJ with respect to Medicaid reimbursement and rebates. Our calculations and methodologies are subject to review and challenge by the applicable governmental agencies, and it is possible that such reviews could adversely affect us and our business. In addition, because our processes for these calculations and the judgments involved in making these calculations involve, and will continue to involve, subjective decisions and complex methodologies, these calculations are subject to the risk of error and misjudgment. Any governmental agencies that have commenced (or that may commence) an investigation of us could impose, based on a claim of violation of anti-fraud and false claims laws or otherwise, civil and/or criminal sanctions, including fines, penalties and possible exclusion from federal health care programs (including Medicaid and Medicare). Some of the applicable laws may impose liability even in the absence of specific intent to defraud. Furthermore, should there be ambiguity with respect to how to properly calculate and report payments, and even in the absence of any such ambiguity, a governmental authority may take a position contrary to a position that we have taken and may impose civil and/or criminal sanctions on us. Any such penalties, sanctions, or exclusion from federal health care programs could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations. From time to time we conduct routine reviews of our government pricing calculations. These reviews may have an impact on government price reporting and rebate calculations used to comply with various government regulations regarding reporting and payment obligations.
Our operating results are affected by many factors and may fluctuate significantly on a quarterly basis.
Our operating results may vary substantially from quarter to quarter and may be greater or less than those achieved in the immediately preceding period or in the comparable period of the prior year. Factors that may cause quarterly results to vary include, but are not limited to, the following:
 
 	•	 	the number of new product introductions by us;	
 
 	•	 	losses related to inventory write-offs;	
 
 	•	 	marketing exclusivity, if any, which may be obtained on certain new products;	
 
 	•	 	the level of competition in the marketplace for certain products;	
 
 	•	 	our ability to create demand in the marketplace for our products;	
 
 	•	 	availability of raw materials and finished products from suppliers;	
 
 	•	 	our ability to manufacture products at our manufacturing facilities;	
 
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 	•	 	the scope and outcome of governmental regulatory actions;	
 
 	•	 	our dependence on a small number of products for a significant portion of net revenue or income;	
 
 	•	 	legal actions against our generic products brought by brand competitors, and legal challenges to our intellectual property rights by generic competitors;	
 
 	•	 	price erosion and customer consolidation; and	
 
 	•	 	significant payments (such as milestones) payable by us under collaboration, licensing, and development agreements to our partners before the related product has received FDA approval.	
The profitability of our product sales is also dependent upon the prices we are able to charge for our products, the costs to purchase products from third parties, and our ability to manufacture our products in a cost effective manner. If our revenues decline or do not grow as anticipated, we may not be able to reduce our operating expenses to offset such declines. Failure to achieve anticipated levels of revenues could, therefore, significantly harm our operating results for a particular fiscal period.
In certain circumstances, we issue price adjustments and other sales allowances to our customers. Although we may establish reserves based on our estimates of these amounts, if estimates are incorrect and the reserves are inadequate, it may result in adjustments to these reserves that may have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.
As described above, the first company to file an ANDA containing a Paragraph IV certification that successfully challenges the patent(s) on a branded product may be granted 180 days of generic market exclusivity by the FDA for such generic product. At the expiration of such exclusivity period, other generic distributors may enter the market, resulting in a significant price decline for the drug (in some instances, price declines have exceeded 90%). When we experience price declines following a period of generic marketing exclusivity, or at any time when a competitor enters the market or offers a lower price with respect to a product we are selling, we may, at our discretion, decide to lower the price of our product to retain market share and provide price adjustments to our customers for the difference between our new (lower) price and the price at which we previously sold the product which is still held in inventory by such customers. Because the entry of a competitive generic product following the expiration of any exclusivity period is unpredictable, we do not establish reserves for such potential adjustments, and therefore the full effect of such adjustments are not reflected in our operating results until such adjustments actually occur. There are also circumstances under which we may decide not to provide price adjustments to certain customers, and consequently, as a matter of business strategy, we may risk a greater level of sale returns of products in a customer’s existing inventory and lose future sales volume to competitors rather than reduce our pricing.
Based on estimates, we establish reserves for sales allowances including, but not limited to: sales discounts and returns, chargebacks, sales volume rebates, shelf stocks, re-procurement charges, cash discounts, and Medicaid rebate obligations at the time of sale. Although we believe our reserves are adequate as of the date of this prospectus, we cannot provide assurances that ourreserves will ultimately prove to be adequate. Increases in sales allowances may exceed our estimates for a variety of reasons, including unanticipated competition or an unexpected change in one or more of our contractual relationships. We will continue to evaluate the effects of competition and will record a price adjustment reserve if and when we deem it necessary. Any failure to establish adequate reserves with respect to sales allowances may result in a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.
If we determine that our goodwill and other intangible assets have become impaired, we may record significant impairment charges, which would adversely affect our results of operations.
Goodwill and other intangible assets represent a significant portion of our assets. Goodwill is the excess of cost over the fair market value of net assets acquired in business combinations. In the future, goodwill and
 
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intangible assets may increase as a result of future acquisitions. We review our goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets at least annually for impairment. We review our intangible assets with finite lives for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. For example, during the year ended December 31, 2017, Impax recognized a total of $289.7 million of intangible asset impairment charges, and no impairment charge related to goodwill as a result of its annual testing in 2017. Impairment may result from, among other things, deterioration in the performance of acquired businesses, adverse market conditions and adverse changes in applicable laws or regulations, including changes that restrict the activities of an acquired business. Any impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets would result in a non-cash charge against earnings, which would adversely affect our results of operations.
Investigations and litigation concerning the calculation of average wholesale prices may adversely affect our business.
Many government and third-party payers, including Medicare, Medicaid, HMOs and others, reimburse doctors and others for the purchase of certain prescription drugs based on a drug’s average wholesale price (“ AWP ”). In the past several years, state and federal government agencies have conducted ongoing investigations of manufacturers’ reporting practices with respect to AWP, as a result of which certain agencies have suggested that reporting of inflated AWPs by manufacturers has led to excessive payments for prescription drugs. Numerous pharmaceutical companies have been named as defendants in actions brought by various State Attorneys General and have faced state law qui  tam actions brought on behalf of various states, alleging generally that the defendants defrauded state Medicaid systems by purportedly reporting or causing the reporting of AWP and/or “Wholesale Acquisition Costs” that exceeded the actual selling price of the defendants’ prescription drugs. We, for example, are subject to a civil investigative demand issued by the Texas State Attorney General alleging certain overpayments to us by the Texas Medicaid system. These cases generally seek some combination of actual damages, and/or double damages, treble damages, compensatory damages, statutory damages, civil penalties, disgorgement of excessive profits, restitution, disbursements, counsel fees and costs, litigation expenses, investigative costs, injunctive relief, punitive damages, imposition of a constructive trust, accounting of profits or gains derived through the alleged conduct, expert fees, interest and other relief that the court may have deemed proper.
We can give no assurance that we will be able to settle current or future actions on terms that we deem reasonable, or that such settlements or adverse judgments, if entered, will not exceed the amount of any reserve. Accordingly, such actions could adversely affect us and may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
We are increasingly dependent on information technology, and our systems and infrastructure face certain risks, including cybersecurity and data leakage risks.
Significant disruptions to our information technology systems or breaches of information security could adversely affect our business. In the ordinary course of business, we collect, store and transmit large amounts of confidential information, and it is critical that we do so in a secure manner to maintain the confidentiality and integrity of such information. We have also outsourced significant elements of our information technology infrastructure; as a result we manage independent vendor relationships with third parties who are responsible for maintaining significant elements of our information technology systems and infrastructure and who may or could have access to our confidential information. The size and complexity of our information technology systems, and those of our third party vendors, make such systems potentially vulnerable to service interruptions and security breaches from inadvertent or intentional actions by our employees, partners or vendors. These systems are also vulnerable to attacks by malicious third parties, and may be susceptible to intentional or accidental physical damage to the infrastructure maintained by us or by third parties. Maintaining the secrecy of confidential, proprietary, and/or trade secret information is important to our competitive business position. While we have taken steps to protect such information and have invested in systems and infrastructures to do so, there can be no
 
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guarantee that our efforts will prevent service interruptions or security breaches in our systems or the unauthorized or inadvertent wrongful use or disclosure of confidential information that could adversely affect our business operations or result in the loss, dissemination, or misuse of critical or sensitive information. A breach of our security measures or the accidental loss, inadvertent disclosure, unapproved dissemination, misappropriation or misuse of trade secrets, proprietary information, or other confidential information, whether as a result of theft, hacking, fraud, trickery or other forms of deception, or for any other cause, could enable others to produce competing products, use our proprietary technology or information, and/or adversely affect our business position. Further, any such interruption, security breach, loss or disclosure of confidential information could result in financial, legal, business, and reputational harm to us and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and/or cash flow.
Our future success depends on our ability to attract and retain talented employees and consultants.
Our future success depends, to a substantial degree, upon the continued service of the members of our management team. The loss of the services of members of our management team, or their inability to perform services on our behalf, could have a material adverse effect on our business, condition (financial and otherwise), prospects and results of operations. Our success also depends, to a large extent, upon the contributions of our sales, marketing, scientific and quality assurance staff. We compete with brand and generic pharmaceutical manufacturers for qualified personnel, and our competitors may offer more favorable employment opportunities than we do. If we are not able to attract and retain the necessary personnel to accomplish our business objectives we could experience constraints that would adversely affect our ability to sell and market our products effectively, to meet the demands of our strategic partners in a timely fashion, and to support our research and development programs. In particular, our sales and marketing efforts depend on the ability to attract and retain skilled and experienced sales, marketing and quality assurance representatives. Although we believe that wehave been successful in attracting and retaining skilled personnel in all areas of our business, we cannot provide assurance that we can continue to attract, train and retain such personnel. Any failure in this regard could limit the rates at which Amneal generates sales and develops or acquires new products.
We depend on our ability to protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights.
Our success depends on our ability to protect and defend the intellectual property rights associated with our current and future products. If we fail to protect our intellectual property adequately, competitors may manufacture and market products similar to, or that may be confused with, our products, and our generic competitors may obtain regulatory approval to make and distribute generic versions of our branded products. Some patent applications in the United States are maintained in secrecy or are not published until the resulting patents issue. We also cannot be certain that patents will be issued with respect to any of our patent applications or that any existing or future patents issued to or licensed by us will provide competitive advantages for our products or will not be challenged, invalidated, circumvented or held unenforceable in proceedings commenced by our competitors or other third parties. Furthermore, our patent rights may not prevent or limit our present and future competitors from developing, making, importing, using or commercializing products that are functionally similar to our products. We rely particularly on trade secrets, trademarks, unpatented proprietary expertise and continuing innovation that we seeks to protect, in part, by registering and using marks; and by entering into confidentiality agreements with licensees, suppliers, employees, consultants and other parties—we use this approach to protecting our intellectual property in large part because few of our products are protected by patents. We cannot provide assurance that these agreements will not be breached or circumvented. We also cannot be certain that we will have recourse to adequate remedies in the event of a breach of such agreements. Disputes may arise concerning the ownership of intellectual property or the applicability of confidentiality agreements. We cannot be sure that our trade secrets and proprietary technology will not be independently developed or otherwise become known by our competitors or, if patents are not issued with respect to our internally-developed products, that we will be able to maintain the confidentiality of information relating to these products. In addition, efforts to ensure our intellectual property rights may be costly, time-consuming and/or ultimately unsuccessful. We cannot be sure that we will have the resources to protect our own rights against infringement by third parties.
 
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There are inherent uncertainties involved in estimates, judgments and assumptions used in the preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP. Any future changes in estimates, judgments and assumptions used or necessary revisions to prior estimates, judgments or assumptions could lead to a restatement of our results.
The consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus are prepared in accordance with GAAP. This involves making estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets (including intangible assets), liabilities, revenues, expenses and income. Estimates, judgments and assumptions are inherently subject to change in the future and any necessary revisions to prior estimates, judgments or assumptions could lead to a restatement. Any such changes could result in corresponding changes to the amounts of assets (including goodwill and other intangible assets), liabilities, revenues, expenses and income.
If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results, timely file our periodic reports, maintain our reporting status or prevent fraud.
Our management or our independent registered public accounting firm may identify material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in the future. The existence of internal control material weaknesses may result in current and potential stockholders and alliance and collaboration agreements’ partners losing confidence in our financial reporting, which could harm our business, the market price of our common stock, and our ability to retain our current, or obtain new, alliance and collaboration agreements’ partners.
In addition, the existence of material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting may affect our ability to timely file periodic reports under the Exchange Act. An internal control material weakness may develop in the future and affect our ability to timely file our periodic reports. The inability to timely file periodic reports under the Exchange Act could result in the SEC revoking the registration of our common stock, which would prohibit us from listing or having our stock quoted on any public market. This would have an adverse effect on our business and stock price by limiting the publicly available information regarding us and greatly reducing the ability of our stockholders to sell or trade our common stock.
Terrorist attacks and other acts of violence or war may adversely affect our business.
Terrorist attacks at or nearby our facilities may negatively affect our operations. While we do not believe that we are more susceptible to such attacks than other companies, such attacks could directly affect our physical facilities or those of our suppliers or customers and could make the transportation of our products more difficult and more expensive and ultimately affect our sales.
We carry insurance coverage on our facilities of types and in amounts that we believe are in line with coverage customarily obtained by owners of similar properties. We continue to monitor the state of the insurance market in general and the scope and cost of coverage for acts of terrorism in particular, but we cannot anticipate what coverage will be available on commercially reasonable terms in future policy years. Currently, we carry terrorism insurance as part of our property and casualty and business interruption coverage. If we experience a loss that is uninsured or that exceeds policy limits, we could lose the capital invested in the damaged facilities, as well as the anticipated future net sales from those facilities.
The expansion of social media platforms present new risks and challenges, which could cause a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The inappropriate use of certain media vehicles could cause brand damage or information leakage or could lead to legal implications from the improper collection and/or dissemination of personally identifiable information. In addition, negative posts or comments about us on any social networking website could seriously damage our reputation. Further, the disclosure of non-public company sensitive information through external
 
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media channels could lead to information loss as there might not be structured processes in place to secure and protect information. If our non- public sensitive information is disclosed or if our reputation is seriously damaged through social media, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We may need to raise additional funds in the future which may not be available on acceptable terms or at all.
We may consider issuing additional debt or equity securities in the future to fund potential acquisitions or investments, to refinance existing debt, or for general corporate purposes. If we issue equity, convertible preferred equity or convertible debt securities to raise additional funds, New Amneal Stockholders may experience dilution, and the new equity or debt securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of New Amneal Stockholders. If we incur additional debt, we may increase our leverage relative to our earnings or to our equity capitalization, requiring us to pay additional interest expenses and potentially lowering New Amneal’s credit ratings. We may not be able to market such issuances on favorable terms, or at all, in which case, we may not be able to develop or enhance our products, execute our business plan, take advantage of future opportunities, or respond to competitive pressures or unanticipated customer requirements.
The terms of our credit agreements will restrict our operations, particularly our ability to respond to changes or to take certain actions.
Our credit agreements will contain a number of restrictive covenants that impose operating and financial restrictions on us and may limit our ability to engage in acts that may be in our long-term best interest, including restrictions on the ability to:
 
 	•	 	incur additional indebtedness;	
 
 	•	 	pay dividends or make other distributions or repurchase or redeem capital stock;	
 
 	•	 	prepay, redeem or repurchase certain debt;	
 
 	•	 	make loans and investments;	
 
 	•	 	sell assets;	
 
 	•	 	incur liens;	
 
 	•	 	enter into transactions with affiliates;	
 
 	•	 	alter the businesses conducted by us;	
 
 	•	 	enter into agreements restricting subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends; and	
 
 	•	 	consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of our assets.	
A breach of the covenants under such credit agreements could result in an event of default under the applicable indebtedness. Such a default may allow the creditors to accelerate the related debt and may result in the acceleration of any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and financial results. Furthermore, if we were unable to repay the amounts due and payable under our credit agreements, those lenders could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure that indebtedness which could force us into bankruptcy or liquidation. In the event our lenders accelerated the repayment of the borrowings, we and our subsidiaries may not have sufficient assets to repay that indebtedness. Any acceleration of amounts due under the credit agreements would likely have a material adverse effect on us. As a result of these restrictions, we may be:
 
 	•	 	limited in how we conduct business;	
 
 	•	 	unable to raise additional debt or equity financing to operate during general economic or business downturns; or	
 
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 	•	 	unable to compete effectively or to take advantage of new business opportunities.	
These restrictions may affect our ability to grow in accordance with our strategy.
We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness, which may not be successful.
Our ability to make scheduled payments on or refinance our debt obligations depends on our financial condition and operating performance, which are subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business, legislative, regulatory and other factors which may be beyond our control. We may be unable to maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness. Following the Combination, we estimate that we currently have approximately $2.7 billion of indebtedness, with an annual interest expense of approximately $138 million to $149 million and an annual debt amortization of approximately $27 million.
If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we could face substantial liquidity problems and could be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures or to dispose of material assets or operations, seek additional debt or equity capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. We may not be able to affect any such alternative measures on commercially reasonable terms or at all and, even if successful, those alternative actions may not allow us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. Our credit agreements restrict our ability to dispose of assets and use the proceeds from those dispositions and also restrict our ability to raise debt or equity capital to be used to repay other indebtedness when it becomes due. We may not be able to consummate those dispositions or obtain proceeds in an amount sufficient to meet any debt service obligations when due.
Our inability to generate sufficient cash flows to satisfy our debt obligations, or to refinance our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all, would materially and adversely affect our financial position and results of operations and our ability to satisfy our obligations, including our indebtedness.
If we cannot make scheduled payments on our debt, we will be in default and, as a result:
 
 	•	 	our debt holders could declare all outstanding principal and interest to be due and payable;	
 
 	•	 	the lenders under our credit agreements could terminate their commitments to lend us money; and	
 
 	•	 	we could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation.	
Risks Related to Our Class A Common Stock and This Offering
New Amneal is a holding company with nominal net worth and depends on dividends and distributions from its subsidiaries to pay any dividends.
New Amneal is a holding company with nominal net worth and will not have any material assets or conduct any business operations other than its investments in its subsidiaries. New Amneal’s business operations are conducted primarily out of its direct operating subsidiary, Amneal, and its subsidiaries. As a result, notwithstanding any restrictions on payment of dividends under New Amneal’s existing indebtedness, New Amneal’s ability to pay dividends, if any, is dependent upon cash dividends and distributions or other transfers from its subsidiaries, including from Amneal.
 
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The Class A common stock price is expected to be volatile, and the market price of Class A common stock may decline.
The market price of Class A common stock could be subject to significant fluctuations. Market prices for securities of pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and other life sciences companies have historically been particularly volatile. Some of the factors that may cause the market price of Class A common stock to fluctuate include:
 
 	•	 	the ability of New Amneal to obtain regulatory approvals for product candidates, and delays or failures to obtain such approvals;	
 
 	•	 	the failure of any of New Amneal’s product candidates, if approved for marketing and commercialization, to achieve commercial success;	
 
 	•	 	issues in manufacturing New Amneal’s approved products or product candidates;	
 
 	•	 	the entry into, or termination of, key agreements, including key licensing or collaboration agreements;	
 
 	•	 	the initiation of material developments in, or conclusion of, litigation to enforce or defend any of New Amneal’s intellectual property rights or defend against the intellectual property rights of others;	
 
 	•	 	announcements by commercial partners or competitors of new commercial products, clinical progress (or the lack thereof), significant contracts, commercial relationships, or capital commitments;	
 
 	•	 	adverse publicity relating to New Amneal’s markets, including with respect to other products and potential products in such markets;	
 
 	•	 	the introduction of technological innovations or new therapies competing with potential products of New Amneal;	
 
 	•	 	the loss of talented employees;	
 
 	•	 	changes in estimates or recommendations by securities analysts, if any, who cover the Class A common stock;	
 
 	•	 	general and industry-specific economic conditions potentially affecting New Amneal’s research and development expenditures;	
 
 	•	 	changes in the structure of health care payment systems;	
 
 	•	 	period-to-period fluctuations in New Amneal’s financial results;	
 
 	•	 	failure to meet or exceed financial and development projections New Amneal may provide to the public;	
 
 	•	 	failure to meet or exceed the financial and development projections of the investment community;	
 
 	•	 	the perception of the pharmaceutical industry by the public, legislators, regulators, and the investment community;	
 
 	•	 	adverse regulatory decisions;	
 
 	•	 	disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters, and New Amneal’s ability to obtain patent protection for its technologies;	
 
 	•	 	sales of the Class A common stock by New Amneal or its stockholders in the future;	
 
 	•	 	trading volume of the Class A common stock; and	
 
 	•	 	period-to-period fluctuations in New Amneal’s financial results.	
Moreover, the stock markets in general have experienced substantial volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of individual companies or the biotechnology sector. These broad market fluctuations may also adversely affect the trading price of the New Amneal’s Class A common stock.
 
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In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, stockholders have often instituted class action securities litigation against those companies. Such litigation, if instituted, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could significantly harm New Amneal’s profitability and reputation.
Future sales of shares by stockholders could cause the Class A common stock price to decline.
If New Amneal Stockholders sell, or indicate an intention to sell, substantial amounts of Class A common stock in the public market after the Lock-up Period and other legal restrictions on resale discussed in this prospectus lapse, the trading price of Class A common stock could decline. Based on Impax Shares outstanding as of November 16, 2017 (inclusive of all Impax Shares issuable pursuant to the exercise of Impax options), upon completion of the Combination and the PIPE Investment and this offering, New Amneal is expected to have outstanding a total of approximately 302,317,780 shares of Class A common stock (inclusive of the diluted effect of stock options using Black Scholes Valuation).
The Stockholders Agreement includes certain lock-up provisions limiting the ability of the Amneal Group Members to transfer New Amneal Shares held by such members for a period of 180 days from the Closing of the Combination. Based on Impax Shares outstanding as of November 16, 2017, following the consummation of the PIPE Investment and upon the expiration of the lock-up restrictions, approximately 179,889,019 shares of Class A common stock subject to Amneal Common Units held by Amneal Group Members will become eligible for sale or transfer (subject to certain continuing restrictions), but will be subject to volume limitations under Rule 144 under the Securities Act. If these additional shares are sold, or if it is perceived that they will be sold, in the public market, the trading price of the Class A common stock could decline.
If the ownership of the Class A common stock is highly concentrated, it may prevent you and other stockholders from influencing significant corporate decisions and may result in conflicts of interest that could cause the Class A common stock’s stock price to decline.
Executive officers and directors of New Amneal, and affiliates of executive officers and directors of New Amneal, beneficially own or control approximately 60% of the outstanding shares of New Amneal Shares. Accordingly, these executive officers, directors, and their affiliates, acting as a group, have substantial influence over the outcome of corporate actions requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors, any merger, consolidation, or sale of all or substantially all of New Amneal’s assets or any other significant corporate transactions. These stockholders may also delay or prevent a change of control of New Amneal, even if such a change of control would benefit the other New Amneal Stockholders. The significant concentration of stock ownership may adversely affect the trading price of Class A common stock due to investors’ perception that conflicts of interest may exist or arise.
New Amneal is controlled by the Existing Amneal Members. The interests of the Existing Amneal Members may differ from the interests of other stockholders of New Amneal.
The Existing Amneal Members possess 60% of the voting power of all outstanding New Amneal Shares (after giving effect to the PIPE Investment).
Through its ownership of a majority of New Amneal’s voting power and the provisions set forth in the New Amneal Charter, the New Amneal Bylaws and the Stockholders Agreement, the Existing Amneal Members have the ability to designate and elect a majority of the New Amneal Board. The Existing Amneal Members have control over all matters submitted to New Amneal Stockholders for approval, including changes in capital structure, transactions requiring stockholder approval under Delaware law and corporate governance, subject to the terms of the Stockholders Agreement relating to the Existing Amneal Members’ agreement to vote in favor of Non-Amneal Directors and such other matters that are described in more detail in the section entitled “ Certain Related Parties and Related Party Transactions—Stockholders Agreement. ” The Existing Amneal Members may have different interests than other New Amneal Stockholders and may make decisions adverse to your interests.
 
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Among other things, the Existing Amneal Members’ control could delay, defer, or prevent a sale of New Amneal that the company’s other stockholders support, or, conversely, this control could result in the consummation of such a transaction that other New Amneal Stockholders do not support. This concentrated control could discourage a potential investor from seeking to acquire Class A common stock and, as a result, might harm the market price of that Class A common stock.
The New Amneal Charter provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between New Amneal and its stockholders, which could limit New Amneal Stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with New Amneal or its current or former directors, officers or employees.
The New Amneal Charter provides that unless New Amneal consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if such court does not have jurisdiction, the Superior Court of the State of Delaware or the federal district court for the District of Delaware) will be the sole and exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of New Amneal, any action asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director or officer of New Amneal to New Amneal or its stockholders, any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, the New Amneal Charter or the New Amneal Bylaws or any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine. The choice of forum provision may limit a New Amneal Stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with New Amneal or its current or former directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against New Amneal and its current or former directors, officers and other employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in the New Amneal Charter to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, New Amneal may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm its business, results of operations, and financial condition.
An active trading market for the Class A common stock may not develop and New Amneal Stockholders may not be able to resell their shares of Class A common stock for a profit, if at all.
An active trading market for Class A common stock may never develop or be sustained. If an active market for Class A common stock does not develop or is not sustained, it may be difficult for its stockholders to sell their shares at an attractive price or at all.
Anti-takeover provisions under Delaware law could make an acquisition of New Amneal more difficult and may prevent attempts by New Amneal’s stockholders to replace or remove New Amneal’s management.
Because New Amneal is incorporated in Delaware, it is governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL, which prohibits stockholders owning in excess of 15% of the outstanding voting stock of New Amneal from merging or combining with the New Amneal. Although Impax and Amneal believe these provisions collectively will provide for an opportunity to receive higher bids by requiring potential acquirers to negotiate with New Amneal’s board of directors, they would apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some stockholders. In addition, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by the New Amneal’s stockholders to replace or remove then current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of the board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of management.
We do not anticipate that New Amneal will pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
The current expectation is New Amneal will retain its future earnings to fund the development and growth of New Amneal’s business. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of the Class A common stock will be your sole source of gain, if any, for the foreseeable future.
 
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If New Amneal fails to maintain proper and effective internal controls, New Amneal’s ability to produce accurate and timely financial statements could be impaired, which could harm its operating results, its ability to operate its business and investors’ views of New Amneal.
New Amneal is required to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires public companies to conduct an annual review and evaluation of their internal controls and attestations of the effectiveness of internal controls by independent auditors. Ensuring that New Amneal has adequate internal financial and accounting controls and procedures in place so that it can produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis is a costly and time-consuming effort that will need to be evaluated frequently. New Amneal’s failure to maintain the effectiveness of its internal controls in accordance with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have a material adverse effect on its business. New Amneal could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of its financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the price of its common stock. In addition, if New Amneal’s efforts to comply with new or changed laws, regulations, and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to practice, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against New Amneal and its business may be harmed.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish, or cease publishing, research or reports about New Amneal, its business or its market, or if they change their recommendations regarding the Class A common stock adversely, the Class A common stock price and trading volume could decline.
If a trading market for Class A common stock develops, the trading market for Class A common stock will be influenced by whether industry or securities analysts publish research and reports about New Amneal, its business, its market or its competitors and, if any analysts do publish such reports, what they publish in those reports. New Amneal may not obtain analyst coverage in the future. Any analysts that do cover New Amneal may make adverse recommendations regarding the Class A common stock, adversely change their recommendations from time to time, and/or provide more favorable relative recommendations about New Amneal’s competitors. If any analyst who may cover New Amneal in the future were to cease coverage of New Amneal or fail to regularly publish reports on New Amneal, or if analysts fail to cover New Amneal or publish reports about New Amneal at all, New Amneal could lose, or never gain, visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause the stock price or trading volume of the Class A common stock to decline.
 
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 CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this prospectus are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would,” or the negative of these words or other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about: (i) the ability of Impax and Amneal to integrate their businesses successfully and to achieve anticipated synergies, (ii) the possibility that other anticipated benefits of the Combination will not be realized, including without limitation, anticipated revenues, expenses, earnings and other financial results, and growth and expansion of New Amneal’s operations, and the anticipated tax treatment, (iii) possible disruptions from the Combination that could harm Impax’s and/or Amneal’s business, including current plans and operations, (iv) the ability of Impax or Amneal to retain, attract and hire talented personnel, (v) potential adverse reactions or changes to relationships with clients, employees, suppliers or other parties resulting from the announcement or completion of the combination, (vi) potential business uncertainty, including changes to existing business relationships, during the pendency of the Combination that could affect Impax’s or Amneal’s financial performance, (vii) certain restrictions during the pendency of the Combination that may impact Impax’s or Amneal’s ability to pursue certain business opportunities or strategic combination, (viii) continued availability of capital and financing and rating agency actions, (ix) legislative, regulatory and economic developments (including the impact of changes in the tax code as a result of recent federal tax legislation and uncertainty as to how some of those changes may be applied), (x) unpredictability and severity of catastrophic events, including, but not limited to, acts of terrorism or outbreak of war or hostilities, as well as management’s response to any of the aforementioned factors, and (xi) such other factors as are set forth in this prospectus under the heading “ Risk Factors. ” Any forward-looking statements in this prospectus reflect our current views with respect to future events or to our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Important factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those listed under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the future.
This prospectus also contains estimates, projections and other information concerning our industry, our business, and the markets in which we operate. Information that is based on estimates, forecasts, projections, market research or similar methodologies is inherently subject to uncertainties and actual events or circumstances may differ materially from events and circumstances reflected in this information. Unless otherwise expressly stated, we obtained this industry, business, market and other data from reports, research surveys, studies and similar data prepared by market research firms and other third parties, industry, medical and general publications, government data and similar sources.
 
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 THE COMBINATION
On [●], 2018, pursuant to the BCA, among other things: (i) the Impax Merger was effected; (ii) each Impax Share outstanding immediately prior to the Impax Merger Effective Time, other than Cancelled Shares, was converted into the right to receive one share of Class A common stock; (iii) Impax converted to a Delaware limited liability company named Impax Laboratories, LLC; (iv) Holdco contributed all of the equity interests of Impax to Amneal in exchange for certain equity interests of Amneal; (v) New Amneal issued shares of Class B common stock to the Existing Amneal Members; and (vi) New Amneal became the managing member of Amneal.
Immediately following the Closing: (i) (A) Existing Amneal Members held 100% of the Class B common stock, which represented approximately 75% of the voting power of the outstanding New Amneal Shares, and (B) Impax Stockholders immediately prior to the Closing held 100% of the Class A common stock, which represented approximately 25% of the voting power of the New Amneal Shares; (ii) (A) the Existing Amneal Members held approximately 75% of the Amneal Common Units and (B) Impax Stockholders indirectly, through their ownership in New Amneal, held approximately 25% of the Amneal Common Units; and (iii) the Amneal Common Units were exchangeable on a one-to-one basis for Class A common stock or Class B-1 common stock. The rights (including voting rights) of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical, except that Class B common stock has no economic rights and the rights of Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock are identical, except that Class B-1 common stock has no voting rights (other than to elect the Class B-1 Director).
Following the Closing and the closing of the PIPE Investment, the Existing Amneal Members held approximately 60% of the voting power of the outstanding New Amneal Shares, and the PIPE Investors held approximately 15% of the voting power of the outstanding New Amneal Shares.
 
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 USE OF PROCEEDS
We will not receive any cash proceeds from the offer and sale from time to time by the selling stockholders of any of the shares of Class A common stock that have been registered pursuant to this prospectus. The selling stockholders will receive all of the net proceeds from any such offer and sale.
 
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 PRICE RANGE OF CLASS A COMMON STOCK
Our Class A common stock began trading on NYSE under the symbol “AMRX” on [●], 2018. Prior to that time, there was no public market for our Class A common stock. The following table sets forth the high and low sale prices per share of our Class A common stock and of Impax’s common stock, which is equivalent in value to our shares of Class A common stock that were issued upon the consummation of the Combination, as reported on NASDAQ, for the periods indicated.

 	  	High	 	  	Low	 	
New Amneal	  				  				
Year Ended December 31, 2018	  				  				
Second quarter (through            , 2018)	  	$		 	  	$		 	
Impax	  				  				
Year Ended December 31, 2015	  				  				
First quarter	  	$	47.30	 	  	$	30.20	 	
Second quarter	  	$	51.31	 	  	$	44.44	 	
Third quarter	  	$	50.32	 	  	$	33.27	 	
Fourth quarter	  	$	44.76	 	  	$	34.53	 	
Year Ended December 31, 2016	  				  				
First quarter	  	$	42.65	 	  	$	30.73	 	
Second quarter	  	$	36.40	 	  	$	28.01	 	
Third quarter	  	$	31.62	 	  	$	21.72	 	
Fourth quarter	  	$	24.23	 	  	$	12.75	 	
Year Ended December 31, 2017	  				  				
First quarter	  	$	14.80	 	  	$	8.00	 	
Second quarter	  	$	17.65	 	  	$	12.15	 	
Third quarter	  	$	23.80	 	  	$	15.10	 	
Fourth quarter	  	$	21.80	 	  	$	15.85	 	
Year Ended December 31, 2018	  				  				
First quarter	  	 	$21.75	 	  	$	17.25	 	
Second quarter (through April 12, 2018)	  	$	20.20	 	  	$	18.20	 	
On [●], 2018, the date of completion of the Combination, the last reported sale price of Impax’s common stock on NASDAQ was $[●] per share. As of the date of this prospectus, we had approximately [●] holders of record of our Class A common stock. The actual number of stockholders is greater than this number of record holders and includes stockholders who are beneficial owners but whose shares are held in street name by brokers and other nominees. This number of holders of record also does not include beneficial owners whose shares may be held in trust by other entities.
 
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 DIVIDEND POLICY
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings, if any, to fund the development and expansion of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. In addition, pursuant to our credit facilities, we are restricted from paying cash dividends. Moreover, the terms of any future debt agreements may preclude us from paying dividends. Any future determination to pay dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on various factors, including applicable laws, our results of operations, financial condition, future prospects and any other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Investors should not purchase our Class A common stock with the expectation of receiving cash dividend.
 
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 SELECTED HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF AMNEAL
The selected historical consolidated financial data of Amneal for each of the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, and as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from Amneal’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes, which are included in the section entitled “ Index to Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC and Subsidiaries Consolidated Financial Statements ” included in this prospectus. The selected historical consolidated financial data for the year ended December 31, 2014 and as of December 31, 2015 have been derived from Amneal’s audited consolidated financial statements, which have not been included in this prospectus. The selected historical consolidated financial data for the year ended December 31, 2013 and as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 have been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes of Amneal’s immediate parent, Amneal Pharmaceuticals Holding Company, LLC (“APHC”), as adjusted to exclude the immaterial activities of APHC. These financial statements have not been included in this prospectus. The information set forth below is only a summary and is not necessarily indicative of the results of future operations of Amneal or New Amneal, and you should read the following information together with Amneal’s audited consolidated financial statements, the related notes and the section entitled “ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Amneal ” included in this prospectus.

 	 	Years Ended December 31,	 	
(In thousands)	 	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	 	2014	 	 	2013	 	
Statements of Income Data:	 				 				 				 				 				
Net revenue	 	$	1,033,654	 	 	$	1,018,225	 	 	$	866,280	 	 	$	785,263	 	 	$	531,126	 	
Research and development and intellectual property legal development expenses	 	 	178,068	 	 	 	193,865	 	 	 	153,713	 	 	 	118,539	 	 	 	73,606	 	
Total operating expenses	 	 	281,075	 	 	 	312,610	 	 	 	265,525	 	 	 	229,847	 	 	 	132,287	 	
Operating profit	 	 	245,103	 	 	 	284,881	 	 	 	236,158	 	 	 	218,575	 	 	 	100,815	 	
Net income attributable to Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC and Subsidiaries	 	 	167,648	 	 	 	207,378	 	 	 	169,451	 	 	 	176,928	 	 	 	91,776	 	

 	 	As of December 31,	 	
(In thousands)	 	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	 	2014	 	 	2013	 	
Balance Sheet Data:	 				 				 				 				 				
Cash and cash equivalents	 	$	74,166	 	 	$	27,367	 	 	$	61,087	 	 	$	117,522	 	 	$	81,885	 	
Working capital	 	 	475,050	 	 	 	501,041	 	 	 	365,454	 	 	 	325,989	 	 	 	207,501	 	
Total assets	 	 	1,341,889	 	 	 	1,218,817	 	 	 	1,014,093	 	 	 	829,983	 	 	 	592,289	 	
Long-term debt, net	 	 	1,355,274	 	 	 	1,119,268	 	 	 	911,043	 	 	 	711,914	 	 	 	424,902	 	
Long-term portion of financing obligations	 	 	39,987	 	 	 	40,298	 	 	 	40,578	 	 	 	17,310	 	 	 	16,237	 	
Total liabilities	 	 	1,717,471	 	 	 	1,394,762	 	 	 	1,200,966	 	 	 	927,670	 	 	 	616,375	 	
Total members’ (deficit) equity	 	 	(375,582	) 	 	 	(175,945	) 	 	 	(186,873	) 	 	 	(97,686	) 	 	 	(24,086	) 	
 
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 SELECTED HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF IMPAX
The selected historical consolidated financial data of Impax for each of the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, and as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 have been derived from Impax’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes, which are included in this prospectus. The selected historical consolidated financial data for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 and as of December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013 have been derived from Impax’s audited consolidated financial statements, which have not been included in this prospectus. The information set forth below is a summary and not necessarily indicative of future results and should be read together with the other information contained in this prospectus, including the section entitled “ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Impax. ”

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
(In thousands, except per share data)	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	  	2014	 	  	2013	 	
Statements of Operations Data:	  				 				 				  				  				
Total revenues, net	  	$	775,787	 	 	$	824,429	 	 	$	860,469	 	  	$	596,049	 	  	$	511,502	 	
Research and development	  	 	80,847	 	 	 	80,466	 	 	 	70,622	 	  	 	78,642	 	  	 	68,854	 	
Total operating expenses	  	 	546,491	 	 	 	343,080	 	 	 	282,836	 	  	 	223,837	 	  	 	205,687	 	
(Loss) income from operations	  	 	(402,692	) 	 	 	(494,182	) 	 	 	69,568	 	  	 	88,816	 	  	 	(6,387	) 	
Net (loss) income	  	 	(469,287	) 	 	 	(472,031	) 	 	 	38,997	 	  	 	57,353	 	  	 	101,259	 	
Net (loss) income per share—Basic	  	$	(6.53	) 	 	$	(6.63	) 	 	$	0.56	 	  	$	0.84	 	  	$	1.51	 	
Net (loss) income per share—Diluted	  	$	(6.53	) 	 	$	(6.63	) 	 	$	0.54	 	  	$	0.81	 	  	$	1.47	 	

 	  	As of December 31,	 	
(In thousands)	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	  	2015	 	  	2014	 	  	2013	 	
Balance Sheet Data:	  				 				  				  				  				
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments	  	$	181,778	 	 	$	180,133	 	  	$	340,351	 	  	$	414,856	 	  	$	413,133	 	
Working capital	  	 	341,317	 	 	 	309,817	 	  	 	495,312	 	  	 	516,927	 	  	 	505,852	 	
Total assets	  	 	1,351,300	 	 	 	1,823,018	 	  	 	1,922,487	 	  	 	1,079,197	 	  	 	996,923	 	
Long-term debt	  	 	769,524	 	 	 	813,545	 	  	 	424,595	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	
Total liabilities	  	 	1,164,099	 	 	 	1,199,044	 	  	 	860,078	 	  	 	191,320	 	  	 	186,720	 	
(Accumulated deficit) retained earnings	  	 	(372,445	) 	 	 	98,192	 	  	 	570,223	 	  	 	531,226	 	  	 	473,873	 	
Total stockholders’ equity	  	 	187,201	 	 	 	623,974	 	  	 	1,062,409	 	  	 	887,877	 	  	 	810,203	 	
 
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 UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
This unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information and explanatory notes of New Amneal present how the consolidated financial statements of New Amneal may have appeared had the Transactions (as defined below) and PIPE Investment occurred at earlier dates. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for year ended December 31, 2017 combines the historical consolidated statement of operations of Impax and the historical consolidated statement of income of Amneal, giving effect to the Transactions and PIPE Investment as if Closing had occurred on January 1, 2017. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet combines the historical consolidated balance sheets of Impax and Amneal as of December 31, 2017, giving effect to the Transactions and PIPE Investment as if Closing had occurred on December 31, 2017. See “Note 1. Description of the Transactions” herein for additional information on the Transactions and the PIPE Investment.
The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements of New Amneal present the combination of the historical financial information of Impax and Amneal adjusted to give effect to the Transactions and PIPE Investment, including the impacts of the following:
 
 	•	 	the effects caused by the PIPE Investment on (1) the Tax Receivable Agreement entered into with the Existing Amneal Members, which provides for the payment by New Amneal to the Existing Amneal Members of 85% of the amount of the cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal and state income tax that New Amneal is deemed to realize as a result of (i) certain tax attributes that are created as a result of the redemption of Amneal Common Units for shares of Class A common stock or, in the case of the PIPE Investment, Class B-1 common stock, (ii) certain other tax attributes acquired from the acquisitions of Amneal Common Units and (iii) tax benefits attributable to payments made under the Tax Receivable Agreement (including imputed interest). If and when New Amneal subsequently realizes a related tax benefit, it will distribute the amount of any such tax benefit to the relevant Existing Amneal Members in respect of their contribution;	
 
 	•	 	adjustments to the provision for income taxes and deferred income taxes reflecting the ownership of Amneal by New Amneal; and	
 
 	•	 	the allocation of net income (loss) between non-controlling interests and New Amneal based on New Amneal’s 40% ownership of Amneal following the consummation of the Transactions and the PIPE Investment.	
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is presented for informational purposes only and does not purport to represent what the results of operations or financial condition would have been had the Transactions and PIPE Investment actually occurred on the dates indicated, nor do they purport to project the results of operations or financial condition for any future period or as of any future date.
The accompanying unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements of New Amneal have been prepared in accordance with Article 11 of SEC Regulation S-X. The Combination is considered a business combination and therefore will be accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805. Although Impax is considered the legal acquirer of Amneal, for accounting purposes, Amneal is considered to be acquiring Impax in the Combination. Consequently, this transaction will be accounted for as a reverse acquisition.
Amneal was determined to be the accounting acquirer based upon the terms of the BCA and other factors including:
 
 	•	 	immediately after the Combination, Impax Stockholders immediately prior to the effective time of the Combination are expected to own approximately 25.0% of the aggregate number of New Amneal Shares, and Existing Amneal Members are expected to own approximately 75.0% of the aggregate	
 
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 	number of New Amneal Shares, in each case calculated on a fully diluted basis for New Amneal and on an as converted to Class A common stock basis; and	
 
 	•	 	directors appointed by Amneal will hold a majority of board seats of New Amneal.	
Under the acquisition method of accounting for purposes of these unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements, management of Impax and Amneal have determined a preliminary estimated purchase price, calculated as described in “Note 3. Estimated Purchase Price and Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation” to these unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements. The Impax assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with the Combination are recorded at their estimated acquisition date fair values. A final determination of these estimated fair values will be based on the actual net assets of Impax that exist as of the date of Closing. Differences between these preliminary estimates and the final acquisition accounting may occur and these differences could be material.
The historical combined financial information has been adjusted to give effect to pro forma events that are (1) directly attributable to the Transactions and the PIPE Investment, (2) factually supportable, and (3) with respect to the statement of operations, expected to have a continuing impact on the combined results. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes to the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements. In addition, the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements were based on and should be read in conjunction with:
 
 	•	 	the audited consolidated financial statements of Amneal as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017 and the related notes, which are included elsewhere in this prospectus;	
 
 	•	 	the audited consolidated financial statements of Impax as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017 and the related notes, which are included elsewhere in this prospectus.	
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements do not reflect the costs of any integration activities or benefits that may result from realization of future cost savings from operating efficiencies or revenue synergies that may result from the Transactions.
 
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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED BALANCE SHEET AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2017
(in thousands)

 	 	Historical
Amneal	 	 	Historical
Impax	 	 	Combination
adjustments	 	 	Financing &
other
adjustments	 	 	Non-controlling
interest
adjustments	 	 	PIPE Investment
adjustments	 	 	Pro forma	 	
 	 	(Note 4)	 	 	(Note 4)	 	 	(Note 5)	 	 	(Note 6)	 	 	(Note 7)	 	 	(Note 8)	 	 	 	 	
Assets	 				 				 				 				 				 				 				
Current assets:	 				 				 				 				 				 				 				
Cash and cash equivalents	 	$	74,166	 	 	$	181,778	 	 	$	(956,877	) (a)  	 	$	964,746	(a)  	 	$	—  	 	 	$	(20,650	) (e)  	 	$	243,163	 	
Restricted cash	 	 	3,756	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	3,756	 	
Trade accounts receivable—net	 	 	351,367	 	 	 	233,228	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	584,595	 	
Inventories	 	 	284,038	 	 	 	158,471	 	 	 	16,029	(b)  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	458,538	 	
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	 	 	42,396	 	 	 	82,287	 	 	 	(1,540	) (h)  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	123,143	 	
Assets held for sale	 	 	—  	 	 	 	32,266	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	32,266	 	
Related party receivables	 	 	16,210	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	16,210	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current assets	 	 	771,933	 	 	 	688,030	 	 	 	(942,388	) 	 	 	964,746	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(20,650	) 	 	 	1,461,671	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Property, plant and equipment—net	 	 	486,758	 	 	 	124,813	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	611,571	 	
Goodwill	 	 	26,444	 	 	 	207,329	 	 	 	(42,279	) (d)  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	191,494	 	
Intangible assets—net	 	 	44,599	 	 	 	262,467	 	 	 	1,398,733	(c)  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	1,705,799	 	
Deferred income taxes—net	 	 	898	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	429	(f)  	 	 	79,431	(e)  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	239,443	(a,d)  	 	 	320,201	 	
Other assets	 	 	11,257	 	 	 	61,136	 	 	 	(856	) (e)  	 	 	1,925	(d)  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	73,462	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total assets	 	$	1,341,889	 	 	$	1,343,775	 	 	$	413,639	 	 	$	1,046,102	 	 	$	—  	 	 	$	218,793	 	 	$	4,364,198	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Liabilities and Shareholders’ (Deficit) Equity	 				 				 				 				 				 				 				
Current liabilities:	 				 				 				 				 				 				 				
Accounts payable	 	$	70,013	 	 	$	81,093	 	 	$	—  	 	 	$	—  	 	 	$	—  	 	 	$	—  	 	 	$	151,106	 	
Current portion of debt and capital lease obligations—net	 	 	89,267	 	 	 	17,848	 	 	 	(17,848	) (i)  	 	 	(62,171	) (b)  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	27,096	 	
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	 	 	124,981	 	 	 	240,602	 	 	 	(651	) (g)  	 	 	(982	) (c)  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	363,950	 	
Liabilities held for sale	 	 	—  	 	 	 	7,170	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	7,170	 	
Related party payables	 	 	12,622	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	12,622	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current liabilities	 	 	296,883	 	 	 	346,713	 	 	 	(18,499	) 	 	 	(63,153	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	561,944	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations—net	 	 	1,356,099	 	 	 	769,524	 	 	 	(769,524	) (i)  	 	 	1,258,563	(b)  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	2,614,662	 	
Deferred income taxes	 	 	2,491	 	 	 	3,226	 	 	 	(3,226	) (f)  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	2,491	 	
Other long-term liabilities	 	 	46,955	 	 	 	37,111	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	214,671	(a)  	 	 	298,737	 	
Related party payables—long-term	 	 	15,043	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	15,043	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total liabilities	 	 	1,717,471	 	 	 	1,156,574	 	 	 	(791,249	) 	 	 	1,195,410	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	214,671	 	 	 	3,492,877	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Shareholders’ (Deficit) Equity	 				 				 				 				 				 				 				
Members’ equity	 	 	2,716	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(2,716	) (g)  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Preferred stock	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Impax common stock	 	 	—  	 	 	 	742	 	 	 	(742	) (j)  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Class A common stock	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	735	(j)  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	345	(b)  	 	 	1,080	 	
Class B-1 common stock	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	123	(b)  	 	 	123	 	
Class B common stock	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	2,253	(g)  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(468	) (b)  	 	 	1,785	 	
Treasury stock	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(2,157	) 	 	 	2,157	(j)  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Additional paid in capital	 	 	8,562	 	 	 	559,632	 	 	 	862,948	(j)  	 	 	(140,130	) (g)  	 	 	(596,038	) 	 	 	267,994	(c,d,e)  	 	 	962,968	 	
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	 	 	(14,232	) 	 	 	1,429	 	 	 	(1,429	) (j)  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(14,232	) 	
(Accumulated deficit) retained earnings	 	 	(382,785	) 	 	 	(372,445	) 	 	 	341,219	(j)  	 	 	(8,715	) (g)  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(422,726	) 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total New Amneal shareholders’ (deficit) equity	 	 	(385,739	) 	 	 	187,201	 	 	 	1,204,888	 	 	 	(149,308	) 	 	 	(596,038	) 	 	 	267,994	 	 	 	528,998	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Non-controlling interests	 	 	10,157	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	596,038	 	 	 	(263,872	) (c)  	 	 	342,323	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total shareholders’ (deficit) equity	 	 	(375,582	) 	 	 	187,201	 	 	 	1,204,888	 	 	 	(149,308	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	4,122	 	 	 	871,321	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total liabilities and shareholders’ (deficit) equity	 	$	1,341,889	 	 	$	1,343,775	 	 	$	413,639	 	 	$	1,046,102	 	 	$	—  	 	 	$	218,793	 	 	$	4,364,198	 	

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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

 	  	Historical
Amneal	 	 	Historical
Impax	 	 	Combination
adjustments	 	 	Financing &
other
adjustments	 	 	Non-controlling
interest
adjustments	 	 	PIPE Investment
adjustments	 	 	Pro forma	 	
 	  	 	 	 	(Note 4)	 	 	(Note 5)	 	 	(Note 6)	 	 	(Note 7)	 	 	(Note 8)	 	 	 	 	
Net revenue	  	$	1,033,654	 	 	$	775,787	 	 	$	—  	 	 	$	—  	 	 	$	—  	 	 	$	—  	 	 	$	1,809,441	 	
Cost of goods sold	  	 	480,033	 	 	 	432,464	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	912,497	 	
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	27,443	 	 	 	102,659	 	 	 	31,116	(c)  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	161,218	 	
Cost of goods sold impairment charges	  	 	—  	 	 	 	96,865	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	96,865	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Gross profit	  	 	526,178	 	 	 	143,799	 	 	 	(31,116	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	638,861	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	113,826	 	 	 	212,664	 	 	 	(20,774	) (m)  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	305,716	 	
Research and development	  	 	157,550	 	 	 	77,663	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	235,213	 	
In-process research and development impairment charges	  	 	—  	 	 	 	192,809	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	192,809	 	
Legal settlement gain	  	 	(21,467	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(21,467	) 	
Fixed asset impairment charge	  	 	—  	 	 	 	82,508	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	82,508	 	
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	  	 	—  	 	 	 	(31,048	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(31,048	) 	
Development contract settlement	  	 	(7,845	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(7,845	) 	
Other operating expenses	  	 	39,011	 	 	 	11,895	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	50,906	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating profit (loss)	  	 	245,103	 	 	 	(402,692	) 	 	 	(10,342	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(167,931	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other expense:	  				 				 				 				 				 				 				
Interest expense, net	  	 	(73,640	) 	 	 	(54,627	) 	 	 	53,412	(l)  	 	 	(77,809	) (h)  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(152,664	) 	
Foreign exchange gain	  	 	29,092	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	29,092	 	
Loss on sale of certain international businesses	  	 	(29,232	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(29,232	) 	
Gain on sale of intangible assets	  	 	—  	 	 	 	17,236	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	17,236	 	
Other expense, net	  	 	—  	 	 	 	(10,878	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(10,878	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total other expense, net	  	 	(73,780	)  	 	 	(48,269	)  	 	 	53,412	 	 	 	(77,809	)  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(146,446	)  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income (loss) before income tax	  	 	171,323	 	 	 	(450,961	) 	 	 	43,070	 	 	 	(77,809	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(314,377	) 	
Income tax provision	  	 	1,998	 	 	 	18,326	 	 	 	(9,897	) (k)  	 	 	6,523	(f)  	 	 	—  	 	 	 	10,801	(d)  	 	 	27,751	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income (loss)	  	 	169,325	 	 	 	(469,287	) 	 	 	52,967	 	 	 	(84,332	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(10,801	) 	 	 	(342,128	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	  	 	1,677	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(237,512	) 	 	 	48,886	(c)  	 	 	(186,949	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income(loss) attributable to New Amneal	  	$	167,648	 	 	$	(469,287	)  	 	$	52,967	 	 	$	(84,332	)  	 	$	237,512	 	 	$	(59,687	)  	 	$	(155,179	)  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net loss per common share (Note 9):	  				 				 				 				 				 				 				
Basic	  				 	$	(6.53	) 	 				 				 				 				 	$	(1.29	) 	
	  				 	 	 	 	 				 				 				 				 	 	 	 	
Diluted	  				 	$	(6.53	) 	 				 				 				 				 	$	(1.29	) 	
	  				 	 	 	 	 				 				 				 				 	 	 	 	
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (Note 9):	  				 				 				 				 				 				 				
Basic	  				 	 	71,856,950	 	 				 				 				 				 	 	120,366,394	 	
	  				 	 	 	 	 				 				 				 				 	 	 	 	
Diluted	  				 	 	71,856,950	 	 				 				 				 				 	 	120,366,394	 	

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 NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
1.	DESCRIPTION OF THE TRANSACTIONS	
Pursuant to the terms of the BCA, Impax and Amneal intend to combine the generics and specialty pharmaceutical business of Impax with the generic drug development and manufacturing business of Amneal in a transaction that represents an opportunity to create a new generics company, New Amneal through the Combination. The Combination includes: (i) the Impax Merger, upon the completion of which each outstanding Impax Share (other than Cancelled Shares), will be converted into the right to receive one share of Class A common stock, (ii) the conversion of Impax to a Delaware limited liability company to be named Impax Laboratories, LLC, (iii) the contribution by Holdco of all of the equity interests of Impax to Amneal in exchange for certain equity interests of Amneal, (iv) the recapitalization of Amneal pursuant to which the Existing Amneal Members will receive a single class of limited liability company interests in Amneal, and (v) the issuance by New Amneal of shares of Class B common stock to the Existing Amneal Members. As a result of the Combination, Impax Stockholders immediately prior to Closing will collectively hold approximately 25.0%, and Existing Amneal Members will hold approximately 75.0%, of the voting and economic interests in the combined businesses of Impax and Amneal under New Amneal.
In order to finance the Combination, Amneal intends to consummate the following transactions (collectively, the “Financing”, and together with the Combination, the “Transactions”): (i) borrowing of $2,700.0 million in aggregate principal amount of new senior secured term loans (the “New Term Facility,”), (ii) entry into a new senior secured asset based revolving credit facility with borrowing capacity of up to $500.0 million (the “New ABL Facility”) under which no amounts are expected to be drawn and outstanding upon Closing, and (iii) use the proceeds of the initial borrowings under the New Term Facility, as well as cash on hand, to finance the repayment of both companies’ historical outstanding debt obligations.
Immediately upon the consummation of the Transactions, the Existing Amneal Members will own a majority interest in New Amneal with an effective voting interest of approximately 75.0% on a fully diluted and as converted basis through their ownership of Class B common stock. The Existing Amneal Members will also hold a corresponding number of Amneal Common Units, which entitle them to approximately 75.0% of the economic interests in the combined businesses of Impax and Amneal. New Amneal will own an interest in Amneal of approximately 25.0% and will be its managing member. As a result, New Amneal will consolidate the financial results of Amneal and will report a non-controlling interest related to the Amneal Common Units held by the Existing Amneal Members in the consolidated financial statements. Upon the consummation of the Transactions, the Amneal Common Units will become redeemable at the option of the holder for shares of Class A common stock or, in the case of the PIPE Investment, Class B-1 common stock on a one-for-one basis or, at New Amneal’s election, their per-share cash equivalent.
In connection with the Transactions, the Existing Amneal Members have entered into definitive Share Purchase Agreements with select institutional investors, including TPG and funds affiliated with Fidelity, which provides for the PIPE Investment through a private placement of certain shares of Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock. Pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreements, upon the Closing of the Combination, members of the Amneal Group will exercise their right to cause Amneal to redeem approximately 15.0% of their ownership interests in Amneal in exchange for a corresponding number of unregistered shares of Class A common stock or Class B-1 common stock. The shares of Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock received in the Redemption will be sold immediately following the Closing by the Existing Amneal Members to the PIPE Investors through a private placement at a per share purchase price of $18.25 for gross proceeds of $855.0 million. Following the PIPE Investment, the PIPE Investors will own collectively approximately 15% of the New Amneal Shares on a fully diluted and as converted basis, with TPG owning all outstanding shares of Class B-1 common stock.
As a result of the PIPE Investment, the voting and economic interest of approximately 75.0% held by Existing Amneal Members immediately upon Closing, will be reduced by approximately 15.0%. As such,
 
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the overall interest percentage held by non-controlling interest holders upon the consummation of the Combination and PIPE Investment will be approximately 60.0%.
 
2.	BASIS OF PRESENTATION	
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements present the pro forma condensed combined financial position and results of operations of New Amneal based upon the historical financial statements of Amneal and Impax, after giving effect to the Transactions and the PIPE Investment and are intended to reflect the impact of such on New Amneal’s consolidated financial statements.
The Combination will be accounted for as a business combination, with Amneal treated as the “acquirer” and Impax treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total estimated purchase price of an acquisition is allocated to the net tangible and intangible assets based on their estimated fair values. Such valuations are based on available information and certain assumptions that management of Impax and Amneal believe are reasonable. The preliminary allocation of the estimated purchase price to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed is based on various preliminary estimates. Accordingly, the pro forma adjustments are preliminary and have been made solely for the purpose of providing these unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements. Differences between these preliminary estimates and the final acquisition accounting, which will be based on the actual net tangible and identifiable intangible assets that exist as of the closing of the Transactions, may occur and these differences could be material. The differences, if any, could have a material impact on the accompanying unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements and New Amneal’s future results of operations and financial position.
The pro forma financial statements include certain reclassifications to align the historical financial statement presentation of Impax and Amneal. See “Note 4. Reclassifications” herein for additional information on the reclassifications.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations does not reflect the non-recurring expenses expected to be incurred in connection with the Transactions, including fees to attorneys, accountants and other professional advisors, the write-off of deferred financing costs, and other transaction-related costs that will not be capitalized. However, the impact of such expenses are reflected in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as an increase to accumulated deficit and a corresponding decrease to cash.
Further, the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements do not reflect the restructuring or integration activities that have yet to be determined or other costs that may be incurred to achieve cost or growth synergies of New Amneal. As no assurance can be made that the costs will be incurred or the cost or growth synergies will be achieved, no adjustment has been made.
 
3.	ESTIMATED PURCHASE PRICE AND PRELIMINARY PURCHASE PRICE ALLOCATION	
The pro forma adjustments include a preliminary allocation of the estimated purchase price of Impax to the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. The final allocation of the purchase price could differ materially from the preliminary allocation primarily because market prices, interest rates and other valuation variables will fluctuate over time and be different at the time of completion of the Transactions compared to the amounts assumed for the pro forma adjustments.
Estimated Purchase Price
Because of the change of control that results from the Combination, it is considered to be a reverse acquisition and Amneal is deemed to be acquiring Impax for accounting purposes. The measurement of the consideration transferred by Amneal for its interest in Impax is based on the fair value of the equity interest that Amneal would have had to issue to give the Impax shareholders the same percentage equity interest in
 
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New Amneal, which is equal to approximately 25.0%. However, the fair value of the equity of Impax is used to calculate the preliminary consideration for the Combination because it has a quoted market price, the Combination involves only the exchange of equity and Amneal is a private company whose value is difficult to measure. The estimated purchase price, net of cash acquired, is calculated as follows:

(in thousands except share amount and share price)	  	 	 	
Fully diluted Impax share number (1)	  	 	75,108,968	 	
Impax closing share price as of April 6, 2018	  	$	18.95	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Preliminary equity consideration	  	 	1,423,315	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Extinguishment of Impax’s historical debt obligations including accrued and unpaid interest	  	 	925,651	 	
Less: cash acquired	  	 	(181,778	) 	
	  	 	 	 	
Estimated purchase price, net of cash acquired	  	$	2,167,188	 	

(1)	Represents the number of outstanding Impax shares on a fully diluted basis per the BCA, calculated as the sum of 73.5 million shares of Impax common stock issued and outstanding (including Impax restricted shares, assuming that tax withholding with respect to vesting of the Impax restricted shares is effectuated by net cashless settlement) plus 1.6 million shares to be issued related to outstanding options (the vesting of which will be accelerated as a result of change-in-control provisions within the award agreements).	
The preliminary value of the consideration does not purport to represent the actual value of the total consideration that will be received by the Impax Stockholders when the Combination is completed. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the fair value of the equity securities comprising the consideration will be measured on the closing date of the transactions at the then-current market price per share of Impax Common Stock. This requirement will likely result in a difference from the price per share assumed in the calculation, and that difference may be material. For example, an increase or decrease of 10% in the price of Impax Common Stock upon Closing from the price of Impax Common Stock assumed in these unaudited condensed combined pro forma financial statements would change the value of the preliminary consideration by approximately $142.3 million, which would be reflected as a corresponding increase or decrease to goodwill.
 
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Preliminary purchase price allocation
The following is a summary of the preliminary purchase price allocation giving effect to the Combination as if it had been consummated on December 31, 2017:

(in thousands)	  	 	 	
Trade accounts receivable—net	  	$	233,228	 	
Inventories	  	 	174,500	 	
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	  	 	80,747	 	
Assets held for sale	  	 	32,266	 	
Property, plant and equipment	  	 	124,813	 	
Goodwill	  	 	165,050	 	
Intangible assets	  	 	1,661,200	 	
Deferred income taxes—net	  	 	429	 	
Other assets	  	 	60,280	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total assets acquired	  	 	2,532,513	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Accounts payable	  	 	81,093	 	
Liabilities held for sale	  	 	7,170	 	
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	  	 	239,951	 	
Other long-term liabilities	  	 	37,111	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total liabilities assumed	  	 	365,325	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Net assets acquired	  	$	2,167,188	 	

4.	RECLASSIFICATIONS	
Certain reclassifications have been made to amounts in the historical consolidated financial information of Impax and Amneal to conform the financial statement presentation, including reclassifying the following:
Impax reclassifications in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations

 	 	Year ended December 31, 2017	 	
(in thousands)	 	Before
Reclassification	 	 	Reclassification	 	 	After
Reclassification	 	
Impax Generics revenues—net	 	$	549,077	 	 	$	(549,077	) (a)  	 	$	—  	 	
Impax Specialty Pharma revenues—net	 	 	226,710	 	 	 	(226,710	) (a)  	 	 	—  	 	
Net revenues	 	 	—  	 	 	 	775,787	(a)  	 	 	775,787	 	
Cost of revenues	 	 	535,123	 	 	 	(535,123	) (b)  	 	 	—  	 	
Cost of revenues impairment charges	 	 	96,865	 	 	 	(96,865	) (c)  	 	 	—  	 	
Cost of goods sold	 	 	—  	 	 	 	432,464	(b,d)  	 	 	432,464	 	
Cost of goods sold impairment charges	 	 	—  	 	 	 	96,865	(c)  	 	 	96,865	 	
Depreciation and amortization	 	 	—  	 	 	 	102,659	(d)  	 	 	102,659	 	
Selling, general and administrative	 	 	216,270	 	 	 	(3,606	) (e)  	 	 	212,664	 	
Research and development	 	 	80,847	 	 	 	(3,184	) (e)  	 	 	77,663	 	
Other operating expenses	 	 	5,105	 	 	 	6,790	(e)  	 	 	11,895	 	
Other, net	 	 	(10,878	) 	 	 	10,878	(f)  	 	 	—  	 	
Other expense, net	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(10,878	) (f)  	 	 	(10,878	) 	
Provision for income taxes	 	 	18,326	 	 	 	(18,326	) (g)  	 	 	—  	 	
Income tax provision	 	 	—  	 	 	 	18,326	(g)  	 	 	18,326	 	

(a)	Represents the reclassification of Impax Generic revenues – net and Impax Specialty Pharma revenues – net on Impax’s statement of operations into net revenues to conform to Amneal’s statement of income presentation.	
 
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(b)	Represents the reclassification of cost of revenues on Impax’s statement of operations into cost of goods sold to conform to Amneal’s statement of income presentation.	
(c)	Represents the reclassification of cost of revenues impairment charges on Impax’s statement of operations into cost of goods sold impairment charges to conform to Amneal’s statement of income presentation.	
(d)	Represents the reclassification of $102.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 reported in cost of revenues on Impax’s statement of operations into depreciation and amortization to conform to Amneal’s statement of income presentation.	
(e)	Represents the reclassification of depreciation and amortization reported in selling, general and administrative and research and development on Impax’s statement of operations into other operating expenses to conform to Amneal’s statement of income presentation.	
(f)	Represents the reclassification of other, net on Impax’s statement of operations into other expenses, net to conform to Amneal’s statement of income presentation.	
(g)	Represents the reclassification of provision for income taxes on Impax’s statement of operations into income tax provision to conform to Amneal’s statement of income presentation.	
Impax reclassifications in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of December  31, 2017

(in thousands)	  	Before
Reclassification	 	  	Reclassification	 	 	After
Reclassification	 	
Accounts receivable, net	  	$	240,753	 	  	$	(240,753	) (h)  	 	$	—  	 	
Trade accounts receivable—net	  	 	—  	 	  	 	233,228	(h,k)  	 	 	233,228	 	
Inventory, net	  	 	158,471	 	  	 	(158,471	) (i)  	 	 	—  	 	
Inventories	  	 	—  	 	  	 	158,471	(i)  	 	 	158,471	 	
Other non-current assets	  	 	61,136	 	  	 	(61,136	) (j)  	 	 	—  	 	
Other assets	  	 	—  	 	  	 	61,136	(j)  	 	 	61,136	 	
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	  	 	248,127	 	  	 	(7,525	) (k)  	 	 	240,602	 	
Current portion of long-term debt, net	  	 	17,848	 	  	 	(17,848	) (l)  	 	 	—  	 	
Current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations—net	  	 	—  	 	  	 	17,848	(l)  	 	 	17,848	 	
Long-term debt, net	  	 	769,524	 	  	 	(769,524	) (m)  	 	 	—  	 	
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations—net	  	 	—  	 	  	 	769,524	(m)  	 	 	769,524	 	
Other non-current liabilities	  	 	37,111	 	  	 	(37,111	) (n)  	 	 	—  	 	
Other long-term liabilities	  	 	—  	 	  	 	37,111	(n)  	 	 	37,111	 	

(h)	Represents the reclassification of accounts receivable, net on Impax’s balance sheet into trade accounts receivable—net to conform to Amneal’s balance sheet presentation.	
(i)	Represents the reclassification of inventory, net on Impax’s balance sheet into inventories to conform to Amneal’s balance sheet presentation.	
(j)	Represents the reclassification of other non-current assets on Impax’s balance sheet into other assets to conform to Amneal’s balance sheet presentation.	
(k)	Represents the reclassification of the $7.5 million shelf-stock adjustments reported in accrued and other current liabilities on Impax’s balance sheet into trade accounts receivable—net to conform to Amneal’s balance sheet presentation.	
(l)	Represents the reclassification of current portion of long-term debt, net on Impax’s balance sheet into current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations, net to conform to Amneal’s balance sheet presentation.	
(m)	Represents the reclassification of long-term debt, net on Impax’s balance sheet into long-term debt and capital lease obligations, net to conform to Amneal’s balance sheet presentation.	
(n)	Represents the reclassification of other non-current liabilities on Impax’s balance sheet into other long-term liabilities to conform to Amneal’s balance sheet presentation.	
 
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Amneal reclassifications in the unaudited pro forma combined balance sheet as of December  31, 2017

(in thousands)	  	Before
Reclassification	 	  	Reclassification	 	 	After
Reclassification	 	
Other assets	  	$	12,155	 	  	$	(898	) (o)  	 	$	11,257	 	
Deferred income taxes—net	  	 	—  	 	  	 	898	(o)  	 	 	898	 	

(o)	Represents the reclassification of deferred income tax assets reported in other assets on Amneal’s balance sheet into deferred income taxes—net to conform to Impax’s balance sheet presentation.	
 
5.	COMBINATION RELATED PRO FORMA ADJUSTMENTS	
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements reflect the following adjustments related to the Combination:
 
 	(a)	Adjustment to cash represents the following:	

(in thousands)	  	As of
December 31, 2017	 	
Repayment of Impax’s historical debt obligations including accrued and unpaid interest	  	$	(925,651	) 	
Cash paid for transaction costs expected to be incurred through the consummation of the Transactions (1)	  	 	(31,226	) 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total adjustment to cash	  	$	(956,877	) 	

(1)	These fees are recorded against accumulated deficit solely for the purposes of this presentation. As there is no continuing impact of these transaction costs on New Amneal’s results, the fees are not included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations.	
 
 	(b)	Adjustment to state acquired inventory, which consists primarily of raw materials and finished goods, at its preliminary fair value. The preliminary fair value considers replacement cost for materials and net realizable value for work-in-process and finished goods. New Amneal will recognize the increased value of inventory in cost of goods sold as the inventory is sold, which for purposes of these unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements is assumed to occur within the first year after the Transactions. As there is no continuing impact of the inventory adjustment to New Amneal’s results, the cost of goods sold associated with the increased inventory value is not included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations.	
 
 	(c)	Adjustment to state acquired identifiable intangible assets, consisting of tradenames, acquired in-process research and development product rights and marketed product rights at their preliminary fair values, and to increase amortization expense accordingly. The estimated fair values were determined using the “income approach,” a valuation technique that estimates the fair value of an asset based on market participant expectations of the cash flows that an asset would generate over its remaining useful life. The following table presents information about the intangible assets:	

 	 	 	 	 	Amortization expense	 	
(in thousands)	 	Fair value	 	 	Year ended
December 31, 2017	 	
Total acquired indefinite lived intangible assets	 	$	375,900	 	 	$	—  	 	
Total acquired finite lived intangible assets (1)	 	 	1,285,300	 	 	 	99,491	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total acquired intangible assets	 	 	1,661,200	 	 	 	99,491	 	
Less: Impax’s historical intangible assets	 	 	(262,467	) 	 	 	(68,375	) 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Pro forma adjustment	 	$	1,398,733	 	 	$	31,116	 	

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(1)	The adjustment to amortization expense was determined using the straight line method over a weighted-average estimated useful life of 12.92 years.	
With other assumptions held constant, a 10% change to the fair value of acquired finite lived intangible assets would result in an increase or decrease to amortization expense of $9.9 million annually.
 
 	(d)	Adjustment to eliminate Impax’s historical goodwill of $207.3 million and to recognize goodwill related to the proposed Combination of $165.1 million. Goodwill is calculated as the difference between the estimated purchase price and the fair value of identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired net of liabilities assumed. The adjustment is preliminary and subject to change based upon final determination of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and finalization of the purchase price.	
 
 	(e)	Adjustment to eliminate $0.9 million of historical deferred financing fee assets associated with Impax’s historical revolving credit facility.	
 
 	(f)	New Amneal will be subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes and will file income tax returns for U.S. federal and certain state jurisdictions. All tax attributes and related tax adjustments are recorded based on New Amneal’s proportionate share of its ownership interest in assets held directly by Amneal (a tax-transparent entity). Represents the estimated deferred tax impacts related to (i) acquisition accounting adjustments primarily as a result of the step-up in fair value of intangible assets and inventory, and (ii) the historical deferred taxes recorded by Impax that are allocable to the Existing Amneal Owners. The incremental deferred tax impacts were calculated based on the tax effect of the estimated step-up in book basis of the net assets of Impax, excluding the amount attributable to goodwill, using an estimated statutory tax rate of 23.5% (based on recently enacted U.S. tax law). This rate does not reflect New Amneal’s effective tax rate, which includes other items and may be significantly different than the rates assumed for purposes of preparing these statements.	
 
 	(g)	Adjustment to eliminate $0.7 million of accrued interest associated with Impax’s historical debt obligations.	
 
 	(h)	Adjustment to eliminate Impax’s historical deferred rent of $1.5 million, resulting from the recognition of escalating rent payments on a straight-line basis over the lease term as required by GAAP. The deferred rent balance is eliminated through acquisition accounting because it does not meet the definition of an acquired asset or assumed liability.	
 
 	(i)	Adjustment to extinguish Impax’s outstanding debt obligations of $787.4 million which includes $137.6 million of debt discount and unamortized deferred financing fees. The cash to be paid for the extinguishment of Impax’s outstanding debt obligations totaled $925.0 million plus $0.7 million of accrued and unpaid interest, for a total cash payment of $925.7 million as described in Note 3. The difference between the cash to be paid and the carrying amount represents the loss on debt extinguishment from the write off of the debt discount and unamortized fees noted above of $137.6 million. The write-off of the debt discount and fees is recorded against accumulated deficit solely for the purposes of this presentation. As there is no continuing impact of the write-off on New Amneal’s results, the debt discount and fees are not included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations.	
 
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 	(j)	Adjustment to the components of permanent equity represent the following:	

 	  	As of December 31, 2017	 	
(in thousands)	  	Eliminate
Historical Impax
Equity (1)	 	 	Record the
Combination
Consideration	 	  	Other
Equity
Adjustments (2)	 	 	Total
Pro Forma
Adjustment	 	
Preferred stock	  	$	—  	 	 	$	—  	 	  	$	—  	 	 	$	—  	 	
Impax common stock	  	 	(742	) 	 	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	(742	) 	
Class A Common Stock	  	 	—  	 	 	 	735	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	735	 	
Class B Common Stock	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Treasury stock, at cost	  	 	2,157	 	 	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	2,157	 	
Additional paid-in capital	  	 	(559,632	) 	 	 	1,422,580	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	862,948	 	
Accumulated other comprehensive income	  	 	(1,429	) 	 	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	(1,429	) 	
(Accumulated deficit) retained earnings	  	 	372,445	 	 	 	—  	 	  	 	(31,226	) 	 	 	341,219	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Subtotal—stockholders’ (deficit) equity	  	$	(187,201	) 	 	$	1,423,315	 	  	$	(31,266	) 	 	$	1,204,888	 	

(1)	Represents the elimination of historical Impax shareholders’ (deficit) equity.	
(2)	Includes the estimated transaction costs expected to be incurred through the consummation of the Combination. These costs are recorded against accumulated deficit solely for the purposes of this presentation. As there is no continuing impact of these transaction costs on New Amneal’s results, the fees are not included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations.	
 
 	(k)	New Amneal will be subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes and will file income tax returns for U.S. federal and certain state jurisdictions. All tax attributes and related tax adjustments are recorded based on New Amneal’s proportionate share of its ownership interest in assets held directly by Amneal (a tax-transparent entity). Adjustment to record the income tax impacts of (i) the pro forma adjustments, and (ii) the 75% share of Impax unadjusted income tax expense which is allocable to the Existing Amneal Owners. The incremental tax impacts were calculated using an estimated statutory tax rate of 37.1%. This rate does not reflect New Amneal’s effective tax rate, which includes other items and may be significantly different than the rates assumed for purposes of preparing these statements.	
 
 	(l)	Adjustment to eliminate the historical interest expense associated with Impax’s historical debt obligations for the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations.	
 
 	(m)	Represents the elimination of one-time transaction costs directly attributable to the Combination of $20.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017.	
 
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6.	FINANCING AND OTHER RELATED PRO FORMA ADJUSTMENTS	
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements reflect the following adjustments related to the Financing, the proceeds of which were used in part to fund the Combination:
 
 	(a)	Adjustment to cash represents the following:	

(in thousands)	  	As of
December 31, 2017	 	
Repayment of Amneal’s historical debt obligations including accrued and unpaid interest	  	$	(1,454,142	) 	
Amounts borrowed under the New Term Facility	  	 	2,700,000	 	
Cash paid for fees related to the New Term Facility	  	 	(59,163	) 	
Cash paid for fees related to the New ABL Facility	  	 	(1,925	) 	
Cash distribution to Existing Amneal Members’	  	 	(220,024	) 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total adjustment to cash	  	$	964,746	 	

 	(b)	Adjustment to debt represents the following:	

(in thousands)	  	As of
December 31,
2017	 	
Current portion of debt:	  				
Extinguishment of Amneal’s historical current debt obligations	  	$	(89,171	) 	
Record current portion of the New Term Facility (1)	  	 	27,000	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total adjustment to current portion of debt	  	$	(62,171	) 	
	  	 	 	 	
Debt, net of current portion:	  				
Extinguishment of Amneal’s historical long-term debt obligations	  	$	(1,355,274	) 	
Record noncurrent portion of the New Term Facility (1)	  	 	2,673,000	 	
Less: financing fees	  	 	(59,163	) 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total adjustment to debt, net of current portion	  	$	1,258,563	 	

(1)	Pursuant to the terms of the credit agreement, Amneal is required to repay amounts borrowed under the New Term Facility in quarterly installments of 0.25% of the total principal amount through the maturity date, at which time the remaining principal balance will be due.	
 
 	(c)	Adjustment to eliminate $1.0 million of accrued interest associated with Amneal’s historical debt obligations.	
 
 	(d)	Adjustment to record the new deferred financing fee asset of $1.9 million associated with New ABL Facility.	
 
 	(e)	New Amneal will be subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes and will file income tax returns for U.S. federal and certain state jurisdictions. All tax attributes and related tax adjustments are recorded based on New Amneal’s proportionate share of its ownership interest in assets held directly by Amneal (a tax-transparent entity). Represents an adjustment of $79.4 million as of December 31, 2017 to the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet. The adjustment records the historical deferred income taxes associated with assets held directly by Amneal that are allocable to New Amneal based on its proportionate 25.0% ownership interests in the assets held directly by Amneal using an estimated statutory rate of 23.5% (based on recently enacted U.S. tax law). This rate does not reflect New Amneal’s effective tax rate, which includes other items and may be significantly different than the rates assumed for purposes of preparing these statements.	
 
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 	(f)	New Amneal will be subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes and will file income tax returns for U.S. federal and certain state jurisdictions. All tax attributes and related tax adjustments are recorded based on New Amneal’s proportionate share of its ownership interest in assets held directly by Amneal (a tax-transparent entity). Represents an adjustment of $6.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The adjustments record the historical taxes associated with assets held directly by Amneal that are allocable to New Amneal based on its proportionate 25.0% ownership interests in the assets held directly by Amneal using an estimated statutory rate of 37.1%. This rate does not reflect New Amneal’s effective tax rate, which includes other items and may be significantly different than the rates assumed for purposes of preparing these statements.	
 
 	(g)	Adjustment to the components of New Amneal equity represent the following:	

 	  	As of December 31, 2017	 	
(in thousands)	  	Distribution
to Existing
Amneal
Members (1)	 	 	Rollover Historical
Amneal
Equity (2)	 	 	Other Equity
Adjustments (3)	 	 	Total Pro Forma
Adjustment	 	
Members’ equity	  	$	(220,024	) 	 	$	217,308	 	 	$	—  	 	 	$	(2,716	) 	
Preferred stock	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Class A common stock	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Class B common stock	  	 	—  	 	 	 	2,253	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	2,253	 	
Treasury stock, at cost	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Additional paid-in capital	  	 	—  	 	 	 	(219,561	) 	 	 	79,431	 	 	 	(140,130	) 	
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
(Accumulated deficit) retained earnings	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(8,715	) 	 	 	(8,715	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Subtotal—stockholders’ (deficit) equity	  	$	(220,024	) 	 	$	—  	 	 	$	70,716	 	 	$	(149,308	) 	

(1)	Represents the distribution of all historical cash and cash equivalents of Amneal and its subsidiaries to the Existing Amneal Members immediately prior to the Closing of the Transactions.	
(2)	Represents the reclassification of member’s deficit to Class B common stock and additional paid in capital to reflect the impact of the new capital structure of New Amneal	
(3)	Includes the following (i) $8.7 million write-off of unamortized deferred financing fees related to Amneal’s historical debt obligations. The write-off of these fees is recorded against accumulated deficit solely for the purposes of this presentation. As there is no continuing impact of the write-off on New Amneal’s results, the fees are not included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations, and (ii) the $79.4 million impact of recording the historical Amneal taxes that will be allocable to New Amneal based on its proportionate 25.0% ownership interest in assets held directly by Amneal.	
 
 	(h)	Adjustment to interest expense consists of the following:	

(in thousands)	  	Year ended
December 31,
2017	 	
Eliminate historical Amneal interest expense	  	$	(71,108	) 	
Interest expense related to new borrowings (1)	  	 	139,898	 	
Amortization of deferred financing fees (2)	  	 	9,019	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Pro forma adjustment to interest expense	  	$	77,809	 	

(1)	Comprised of interest expense related to the New Term Facility. The weighted average cash interest rate, calculated including the effects of quarterly principal payments under the New Term Facility, is approximately 5.13%.	
A 0.125% change in the estimated interest rates on the variable rate indebtedness of $2,700.0 million at the closing of the Transactions, comprised of the New Term Facility, would result in an increase or decrease in the pro forma annual interest expense of approximately $3.4 million annually.
 
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7.	NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST ADJUSTMENTS	
Immediately upon the consummation of the Transactions, the Existing Amneal Members will own a majority interest in New Amneal with an effective voting interest of approximately 75.0% on a fully diluted and as converted basis through their ownership of Class B common stock. The Existing Amneal Members will also hold a corresponding number of Amneal Common Units which will entitle them to approximately 75.0% of the economic interests in the combined businesses of Impax and Amneal. New Amneal will own an interest in Amneal of approximately 25.0% and will be its managing member. As a result, New Amneal will consolidate the financial results of Amneal and will report a non-controlling interest related to the Amneal Common Units held by the Existing Amneal Members in the consolidated financial statements. Upon Closing, the Amneal Common Units will become redeemable at the option of the holder for shares of Class A common stock or, in the case of the PIPE Investment, Class B-1 common stock on a one-for-one basis or, at New Amneal’s election, their per-share cash equivalent.
The non-controlling interest adjustments to the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet reflect the cumulative impact to New Amneal’s consolidated shareholders’ deficit as a result of non-controlling interests holding approximately 75.0% of the ownership rights of Amneal, as well as the corresponding impact to net loss attributable to non-controlling interests on the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations. As a result of the PIPE Investment, the voting and economic interest of approximately 75.0% held by Existing Amneal Members immediately upon Closing, will be reduced by approximately 15.0%. As such, the overall interest percentage held by non-controlling interest holders upon the consummation of the Combination and PIPE Investment will be approximately 60.0%. Refer to “Note 8. PIPE Investment Related Pro Forma Adjustments” for information regarding the impact of the PIPE Investment on non-controlling interests. All non-controlling interest adjustments have been calculated on a pre-tax basis due to the fact that all tax attributes reflected in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements represent New Amneal’s proportionate ownership share in assets held directly by Amneal. Accordingly, income taxes associated with assets held directly by Amneal are only reflected in the consolidated financial statements of New Amneal to the extent of its 25% ownership interest in Amneal.
 
8.	PIPE INVESTMENT RELATED PRO FORMA ADJUSTMENTS	
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements reflect the following adjustments related to the PIPE Investment:
 
 	(a)	New Amneal will be subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes and will file income tax returns for U.S. federal and certain state jurisdictions. These adjustments reflect the recognition of additional deferred taxes in connection the Transactions related to historical temporary differences in the book basis as compared to the tax basis of assets held directly by Amneal that are now allocable to New Amneal, as well as the impact of the Transactions on New Amneal’s tax attributes.	
In addition, New Amneal is a party to the Tax Receivable Agreement pursuant to which, New Amneal is required to pay to the Existing Amneal Members 85% of the applicable cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal and state income tax that are realized in certain circumstances as a result of certain tax attributes of their Amneal Common Units sold to New Amneal and that are created as a result of (i) the redemptions of their Amneal Common Units, and (ii) tax benefits attributable to payments made under this Tax Receivable Agreement. See “Ancillary Agreements Related to the Combination—Tax Receivable Agreement.”
The net deferred tax asset adjustment of $252.6 million, resulting from the PIPE Investment, and the $214.7 million adjustment to recognize the liability related to the Tax Receivable Agreement are assuming: (1) only the Redemption associated with the PIPE Investment, (2) a share price equal to $18.25 per share, (3) an estimated 23.5% effective tax rate (based on recently enacted U.S. tax law), (4) no material changes in tax law, (5) the ability to utilize tax attributes, and (6) future Tax Receivable Agreement and exchange agreement payments.
 
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The net impact of the adjustments to net deferred taxes and the liability for the Tax Receivable Agreement have been recorded as an increase to additional paid in capital, as these adjustments arise from equity transactions of New Amneal. Additionally, because the amounts under the Tax Receivable Agreement are the sole obligation of New Amneal, no amount is allocated to non-controlling interests.
We anticipate that we will account for the income tax effects resulting from future taxable redemptions of Amneal Common Units by Existing Amneal Members for shares of Class A common stock or, in the case of the PIPE Investment, Class B-1 common stock or cash by recognizing an increase in deferred tax assets, based on the enacted tax rates at the date of each exchange. Further, management will evaluate the likelihood that New Amneal will realize the benefit represented by the deferred tax asset, and, to the extent it is estimated that it is more likely than not that New Amneal will not realize the benefit, the carrying amount of the deferred tax asset will be reduced by a valuation allowance.
 
 	(b)	Adjustment to record an $0.5 million increase in par value of issued and outstanding Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock, along with a corresponding decrease in par value of issued and outstanding Class B common stock, as a result of the cancellation of the number of shares of Class B common stock delivered to New Amneal by Existing Amneal Members as part of the Redemption.	
 
 	(c)	Represents the impact of the PIPE Investment on non-controlling interest and net loss allocable to non-controlling interest. The percentage of non-controlling interest is expected to decrease from 75.0% to approximately 60.0% as a result of the Redemption. All non-controlling interest adjustments have been calculated on a pre-tax basis due to the fact that all tax attributes reflected in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements represent New Amneal’s proportionate ownership share of Amneal. Accordingly, income taxes associated with assets held directly by Amneal are only reflected in the financial statements of New Amneal to the extent of its 40% membership interest in Amneal.	
 
 	(d)	Represents a $13.1 million deferred tax liability adjustment (which is being netted against deferred tax assets for presentation purposes) as of December 31, 2017 to the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet and corresponding adjustment to the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations of a $10.8 million increase for the year ended December 31, 2017. The adjustments record the additional 15% of historical taxes associated with assets held directly by Amneal that will be allocable to New Amneal due to the increase in their ownership interest of Amneal to approximately 40.0% as a result of the Redemption and PIPE Investment.	
 
 	(e)	Adjustment to record cash paid for transaction costs expected to be incurred as a result of the PIPE Investment. These fees are recorded against accumulated deficit solely for the purposes of this presentation. As there is no continuing impact of these transaction costs on New Amneal’s results, the fees are not included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations.	
 
9.	NEW AMNEAL EARNINGS PER SHARE INFORMATION	
The unaudited pro forma combined basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) for the year ended December 31, 2017 are based on pro forma net loss reflecting the adjustments discussed above divided by the basic and diluted weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. New Amneal will have three classes of issued and outstanding common stock; Class A common stock, Class B-1 common stock and Class B common stock. Holders of Class A common stock and holders of Class B-1 common stock have substantially identical economic rights, including rights with respect to any declared dividends or distributions of cash or property, and the right to receive proceeds on liquidation or dissolution of the New Amneal after payment of outstanding indebtedness. The two classes have different voting rights for matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, with each holders of Class A common stock entitled to one vote per share while holders of Class B-1 common stock are not entitled to any voting rights. Holders of Class B common stock are not entitled to receive any dividends or distributions, but are entitled to one vote per share. At any time at the option of the holder, the shares of Class B-1 common stock are convertible into,
 
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and the Amneal Common Units underlying shares of Class B common stock are redeemable (with the accompanying cancellation of such shares of Class B common stock) for, shares of Class A common stock on a share-for-share basis. New Amneal has the option to require the holders of Class B-1 common stock to convert their shares into Class A common stock upon the earlier of one year from the date of Closing or when the holders of Class B-1 common stock appoint a director to the board of directors. In addition, shares of Class B-1 common stock will be automatically converted into a like number of shares of Class A common stock upon transfer to any person or entity who is not a permitted transferee.
The two class method has been utilized for calculating unaudited pro forma basic EPS due to the fact that both the Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock are considered participating securities under ASC 260 - Earnings Per Share . The shares of Class B common stock have no rights to dividends or distributions, whether in cash or stock, and therefore are not deemed to be participating securities and are excluded from the unaudited pro forma basic EPS calculation. As the economic rights of both the Class A common stock and the Class B-1 common stock are identical, the unaudited pro forma combined basic EPS for Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock is the same and is calculated based on the number of shares of Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock that will be issued and outstanding following the close of the Transactions and PIPE Investment. These shares represent the shares of Class A common stock exchanged for the outstanding Impax Shares, and shares of Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock issued in connection with the PIPE Investment.
The unaudited pro forma diluted EPS calculation should give effect to all potentially dilutive shares following the close of the Transactions and PIPE Investment, including: (i) shares issuable pursuant to outstanding stock options, based on the application of the treasury stock method, (ii) outstanding Class B common stock which will be cancelled upon the redemptions of Amneal Common Units, on a share-for-share basis of such redeemed Amneal Common Units for such number of Class A common stock, based on the application of the as-if converted method, and (iii) outstanding Class B-1 common stock that is convertible into Class A common stock on a share-for-share basis, based on the application of the as-if converted method. The conversion of Class B-1 common stock to Class A common stock results in the exchange of all shares of Class B-1 common stock outstanding, and therefore the two class method is not required for unaudited pro forma combined diluted EPS. Similarly, the redemption of all outstanding Amneal Common Units held by Existing Amneal Members for Class A common stock results in the cancellation of all shares of Class B common stock outstanding. Upon the completion of such redemptions, there will be no Amneal Common Units held by outside investors, resulting in the reduction of the non-controlling interest to 0%. As such, the pro forma net loss attributable to non-controlling interests should be added back to the numerator for purposes of calculating unaudited pro forma diluted EPS as if the redemptions and cancellation of the Class B common shares had occurred at the beginning of the period.
The shares issuable pursuant to outstanding stock options, the redemption of the Amneal Common Units held by Existing Amneal Members for shares of Class A common stock and the add back of the net loss attributable to non-controlling interests have been excluded from the calculation of unaudited pro forma diluted EPS because the effect would have been anti-dilutive.
 
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The unaudited pro forma basic and diluted EPS are calculated as follows:

(in thousands except share and per share data)	  	Year ended
December 31, 2017	 	
Pro Forma Basic EPS	  				
Pro forma net loss attributable to New Amneal	  	$	(155,179	) 	
Pro forma basic weighted-average common stock outstanding (1)	  	 	120,366,394	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Pro forma basic EPS	  	$	(1.29	) 	
	  	 	 	 	
Pro Forma Diluted EPS	  				
Pro forma net loss attributable to New Amneal	  	$	(155,179	) 	
Pro forma net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	  	 	—  	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Pro forma net loss	  	 	(155,179	) 	
Pro forma basic weighted-average common shares outstanding (1)	  	 	120,366,394	 	
Pro forma dilutive effect of the redemptions of Amneal Common Units	  	 	—  	 	
Pro forma dilutive effect of New Amneal stock options	  	 	—  	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Pro forma diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding	  	 	120,366,394	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Pro forma diluted EPS	  	$	(1.29	) 	

(1)	Represents the number of shares of Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock that will be issued and outstanding following the close of the Transactions and PIPE Investment.	
 
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 MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF AMNEAL
The following discussion and analysis summarizes the significant factors affecting the results of operations, financial condition and liquidity position of Amneal as of and for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes of Amneal beginning on page F-1 of this prospectus. The following discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations of Amneal covers periods prior to the consummation of the Combination described elsewhere in this prospectus and does not reflect its effect on future periods. The Combination will result in financial results that are materially different from those reflected in the consolidated financial statements of Amneal that are included elsewhere in this prospectus. For an understanding of pro forma financial information including the effect of the Combination, see the section entitled “ Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Statements .” The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that reflect Amneal’s plans, estimates and beliefs. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this prospectus, particularly in the section entitled “ Risk Factors ” beginning on page 9.
Unless otherwise indicated, the components reported in millions may not equal the total amount reported due to rounding. Percentages presented are calculated from the numbers in millions.
Overview
Amneal is a generic pharmaceutical company specializing in developing, manufacturing, marketing and distributing high-value generic pharmaceutical products across a broad array of dosage forms and therapeutic areas. Amneal currently markets over 125 product families in the United States and its marketed and pipeline generics portfolios cover an extensive range of dosage forms and delivery systems, including both immediate and extended release oral solids such as tablets, capsules and powders, liquids, sterile injectables, nasal sprays, inhalation and respiratory products, ophthalmics (which are sterile pharmaceutical preparations administered for ocular conditions), films, transdermal patches and topicals (which are creams or gels designed to administer pharmaceuticals locally through the skin). Amneal focuses on developing products with substantial barriers-to-entry as a result of complex drug formulations or manufacturing, legal and/or regulatory challenges. Focusing on these opportunities allows Amneal to offer FTF, FTM and other “high-value” products, which Amneal defines as products with zero to three generic competitors at time of launch. These products generally have limited competition at launch, tend to be more profitable and often have longer life cycles than other generic pharmaceuticals. As of December 31, 2017, Amneal had 156 products approved but not yet launched or pending FDA approval and another 123 products in various stages of clinical development. Over 58% of Amneal’s total generic pipeline consists of potential FTF, FTM and high-value products.
Amneal has an integrated, team-based approach to product development that combines its formulation, regulatory, legal, manufacturing and commercial capabilities.
Amneal was founded in 2002 by Chintu and Chirag Patel and is a limited liability company organized under the laws of Delaware. Since Amneal’s founding, Amneal has invested heavily in R&D and infrastructure in order to fuel future growth. As a result of these investments, as well as a continued focus on quality and customer service, Amneal has developed what it believes to be one of the largest generic product pipelines in the United States, as well as comprehensive development and manufacturing expertise and capability across all major dosage forms. This allows Amneal a greater degree of profitability, control over quality and agility in the face of changing market dynamics. Amneal has also developed vertically integrated API manufacturing capabilities, which it utilizes on a selective, product-by-product basis based on API scarcity or as alternate supply for strategically critical products. As of December 31, 2017, Amneal had launched 34 products in 2017, compared to 18 and 14 for the full years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
 
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Amneal’s product development strategy emphasizes potential FTF, FTM and other high-value products. A generic pharmaceutical product is considered a FTF product if the ANDA filed with respect to such product is the first to be filed for such product which contains a paragraph IV patent challenge to the branded form of the product (a “ Paragraph IV Challenge ”) under the Hatch-Waxman Act. FTF status provides a statutory 180-day exclusivity period if the Paragraph IV Challenge either renders a favorable court decision or the expiration of 30 months after the patent owner brings an infringement action within 45 days from receiving notification by the applicant of the patent challenge, and the ANDA is approved by the FDA. This exclusivity period may be awarded to one ANDA sponsor or, under certain circumstances, may be required to be shared with other applicable ANDA sponsors with Paragraph IV certifications. A generic product is considered a FTM product if it is the first marketed generic version of a branded pharmaceutical for reasons other than statutory exclusivity. Amneal defines other “high-value” products as those with zero to three generic competitors (not including Amneal) at the time of launch. Within Amneal’s pipeline of filed and in-development products, over 58% are intended to be FTF, FTM or otherwise high-value products. As a result, and in light of the significant investment Amneal makes in R&D and infrastructure, Amneal is well positioned to support sustainable profitability and growth with anticipated future product launches.
The principal source of growth for Amneal’s business over the last five years has been the launch of internally developed products in the United States, and it expects this trend to continue in the near future. As of December 31, 2017, Amneal’s generic product pipeline contained 279 products, of which 156 are approved but not yet launched or pending with the FDA and 123 are in active stages of development. Amneal believes the strength and breadth of its product pipeline will enable it to differentiate itself in a challenging environment for the generic manufacturing industry and to continue its track record of revenue and EBITDA growth. Additionally, because the majority of Amneal’s product launches over the next two years are with respect to generic products for which an ANDA has already been filed with the FDA, Amneal believes that such product launches carry significantly less development risk.
Amneal has a network of ten manufacturing sites and seven co-located R&D centers within the United States, India and Ireland, with broad dosage capability across oral solids, solutions, suspensions, creams, gels, ointments, nasal sprays, hormonals, patches, oral thin films, dry powder inhalers, metered dose inhalers, cytotoxics, injectables, ophthalmics, otics, and tablets / capsules, as described below. Amneal also has a distribution center in Glasgow, Kentucky and a packaging center in East Hanover, New Jersey. In addition, Amneal selectively manufactures API for a subset of its products, which helps to reduce the overall cost of manufacturing for Amneal’s products and gives Amneal greater control over its supply chain. Since 2002, Amneal has had 60 successful FDA inspections of its various facilities (including its distribution facility in Glasgow, Kentucky) and Amneal has not received any warning letters with respect to any of Amneal’s facilities. Amneal believes the operational capabilities that it has developed will allow Amneal to continue to grow its business in the future.
In the United States and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Amneal markets its products primarily through wholesalers and distributors, retail pharmacies, mail-order pharmacies and directly into hospitals and institutions. The majority of Amneal’s generic pharmaceutical products are marketed through wholesalers. Amneal’s sterile injectable products, while generally also marketed through wholesalers, are occasionally sold directly to large hospitals and institutions. Some of Amneal’s wholesalers purchase products and warehouse them for retail drug stores, independent pharmacies and managed care organizations, such as hospitals, nursing homes, health maintenance organizations, clinics, pharmacy benefit management companies and mail-order customers.
In Europe and other foreign jurisdictions, Amneal sells its products to wholesalers, distributors, independent pharmacies and, in certain countries, directly to hospitals. Through a broad network of sales representatives, Amneal adapts its strategy to different markets as dictated by such market’s respective regulatory and competitive landscapes.
 
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Results of Operations
Years Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:
Net Revenue
Amneal’s net revenue for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was $1,034 million and $1,018 million, respectively, representing an increase of $16 million or 2%.
New product launches in the United States for 2017 were responsible for a significant portion of Amneal’s net revenue growth in 2017, with such product launches contributing $193 million in net revenues led by Aspirin-Dipyridamole ER (launched in January), Oseltamivir (launched in July), Tepadina Injection (launched in April), Mometasone Furoate Nasal Spray (launched in April) and Capecitabine (launched in March). These new product launches illustrate Amneal’s diverse product pipeline, including its first internally developed nasal product, a growing injectables portfolio, and complex oral products.
Amneal’s U.S. base business net revenue, which excludes 2017 new product launches, decreased by $165 million period over period. Lidocaine Ointment, Metaxalone, Fluocinolone and Acyclovir net revenues declined due to market competition on both price and volume, with net revenue attributable to Naproxen Sodium declining due primarily to volume reduction, and net revenue attributable to Ibuprofen and Oxy/APAP declining due primarily to supply constraints. Such net revenue declines were partially offset by higher net revenue of Yuvafem, a generic to Estradiol Vaginal Tablets (launched in October 2016), and Diclofenac Sodium Gel (launched in March 2016). Also contributing to the decrease were higher re-procurement charges of $26 million from 2016 to 2017 attributable to supply constraints caused by vendor delays and lower production in Amneal’s New York manufacturing facilities due to renovations. Before re-procurement charges and the erosion of three semi-exclusive products that experienced competition in 2017, Amneal’s U.S. base business decreased 9%, which consisted of price declines of 16%, partially offset by volume growth of 7%.
Amneal’s international net revenue decreased by $12 million period over period due primarily to the divestitures of (i) Amneal’s Australian business in August 2017 and (ii) Amneal’s Spain and Nordics businesses in September 2017, offset slightly by new product launches in Germany.
Gross Profit and Gross Margin
Gross profit and gross margin for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were $526 million and 51%, and $597 million and 59%, respectively. The decrease in gross margin for the year ended December 31, 2017 from the same period in 2016 of 8% was primarily a result of optimization expenses incurred amounting to $24 million or a gross margin decrease of approximately 3%. In 2017, Amneal began and completed a project to upgrade certain older manufacturing facilities in New York to optimize its manufacturing footprint. Such optimization expenses were incurred as internal resources and were deployed for these upgrades or were idle and production was lower than capacity. In addition, certain re-procurement charges were incurred as a result of lower production. The manufacturing facility upgrades were completed and these costs are not expected to continue in the future. Additionally, Amneal’s gross margins during the years ended December 31, 2017 were impacted by (i) higher depreciation / lease expense from equipment and capital expenditures and (ii) lower production of certain of Amneal’s products for which API was temporary unavailable and has since been resolved.
Gross margin of Amneal’s products decreased from 2016 to 2017 by approximately 3%. This decrease is primarily the result of (i) lower pricing due to increased competition on certain of Amneal’s products and (ii) price reductions attributable to the continued consolidation of Amneal’s customers. These declines in gross margin were partially offset by Amneal’s launch of certain high-value products.
 
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Selling, General and Administrative
Amneal’s selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were $104 million and $115 million, respectively. SG&A expenses for 2016 included a legal contract settlement payment of $2.8 million payable pursuant to a former development partner. Excluding this settlement, SG&A expenses decreased by $8 million or 7%. This decrease in SG&A from 2016 to 2017 was primarily due to lower sales expenses, and salaries and benefits as a result of the divestitures of (i) Amneal’s Australian business in August 2017 and (ii) Amneal’s Spain and Nordics businesses in September 2017, and additional resources being converted to R&D activities in Ireland to support the development of the inhalation products. Also, professional fees declined legal settlements achieved. These declines in SG&A were partially offset by higher freight costs.
Research and Development
R&D expenses for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were $158 million and $168 million, respectively, representing a decrease of $10 million or 6%. This decrease was the result of lower material and supplies costs, lower external development costs due to the timing of certain projects, and lower exhibit batch product costs as more of Amneal’s projects in 2017 were performed in India, which has lower production costs compared to the United States. This decrease was partially offset by higher patient study (bio-equivalence) costs due to timing of such studies, and salaries and benefits to support escalating the development of inhalation products in Ireland.
Intellectual Property Legal Development Expenses
Amneal’s intellectual property legal development expenses for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were $21 million and $26 million, respectively, representing a decrease of $5 million or 19%. This decrease was the result primarily of reduced expenses related to trials on patent challenges during 2017. Intellectual property development expenses relate to legal challenges of innovator’s patents for invalidity or non-infringement, which are customary in the generic pharmaceutical industry, and are incurred predominantly during development of a pharmaceutical product and prior to regulatory approval of such product. Associated costs include, but are not limited to, formulation assessments, patent challenge opinions and strategy, and litigation expenses to defend the intellectual property supporting Amneal’s regulatory filings.
Depreciation
Amneal’s depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was $18.5 million and $14.5 million, respectively, representing an increase of $4.0 million or 28%. The increase was due primarily to a full year in 2017 of depreciation from Amneal’s new offices placed into service in August 2016 to support Amneal’s expanded operations for its New York manufacturing facilities. In addition, those expanded facilities became operational in third quarter of 2017.
Patent Litigation Settlements Gain
During the year ended December 31, 2016, Amneal received cash payments of $11.0 million in the aggregate in connection with the settlement of certain patent infringement matters with respect to Amneal’s ANDA product filings. Patent challenges against innovator patents are customary in the generic pharmaceutical industry. Amneal did not have patent litigation settlements where cash was received during the year ended December 31, 2017.
Development Contract Settlement
Pursuant to a product development agreement, Amneal and Kashiv, a related party, agreed to collaborate on the development and commercialization of Oxycodone HCI ER Oral Tablets. Under the agreement, this product
 
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is owned by Kashiv, with Amneal acting as the exclusive marketing partner and as Kashiv’s agent for filing the product ANDA and the leader of all services regarding intellectual property litigation. In addition, Amneal was also responsible for assuming control of and managing all aspects of the patent litigation arising from the filing of the ANDA, including selecting counsel and settling such proceeding (subject to Kashiv’s consent). In December 2017, Amneal and Kashiv terminated the product development agreement and pursuant to the termination and settlement of the agreement, Kashiv agreed to pay Amneal $7.8 million, an amount equal to the legal costs incurred by Amneal related to the defense of the ANDA.
Legal Settlement Gain
In July 2017, Amneal entered into a settlement agreement regarding one of its generic pharmaceutical products, Buprenorphine and Naloxone, pursuant to which Amneal received a settlement payment of $25 million, resulting in a net gain of $21.5 million after legal fees. Amneal filed a claim against the innovator of Suboxone, a combination of active pharmaceutical ingredients Buprenorphine and Naloxone, alleging anti-competitive conduct resulting in lost profits during the time period in which Amneal was restricted from entering the market to sell its generic version of Suboxone. There were no legal settlement gains for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Loss on Sale of Certain International Businesses
Australian Business Divestiture :
On August 31, 2017, Amneal consummated a transaction to sell 100% of the capital stock of its Australian subsidiary, Amneal Pharma Pty Ltd, to Arrow Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd for cash consideration of $9.9 million. As a result of the sale, Amneal recognized a loss of $24.0 million, inclusive of divestiture costs. There were no divestitures for the years ended December 31, 2016.
Spain / Nordics Divestiture :
On September 30, 2017, Amneal consummated a transaction to sell 100% of the capital stock, and certain marketing authorizations and associated dossiers of its Amneal Nordic ApS and Amneal Pharma Spain S.L. subsidiaries to Aristo Pharma GmbH for cash consideration of $8.4 million. As a result of such sales, Amneal recognized a loss of $5.2 million. There were no divestitures for the years ended December 31, 2016.
Acquisition and Transaction-Related Expenses
In the ordinary course of its business, Amneal consummates certain business combinations, acquisitions or divestitures and, in connection therewith, incurs acquisition-related costs. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred and amounted to $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017.
In addition, as a result of the Combination, Amneal recognized transaction-related expenses. A total of $9.1 million in transaction-related expenses were incurred for the year December 31, 2017. There were no such expenses for the years ended December 31, 2016.
Interest Expense
Amneal’s interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was $71 million and $56 million, respectively, representing an increase of $15 million, or 27% from 2016 to 2017. The higher interest expense in 2017 was due primarily to increased borrowings which occurred in both April 2017 and May 2016 under Amneal’s term and revolving credit facilities, and higher amortization of debt issuance costs.
Foreign Exchange Gain/Loss
Amneal’s foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in its determination of net income in Amneal’s consolidated statements of income as a component of Total other expense, net. Such foreign currency
 
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transaction gains and losses include fluctuations related to long term subsidiary loans, primarily to India, Switzerland, Australia and Ireland that are payable in the foreseeable future. Transaction gains were $29.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to transaction losses of $14.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, representing a variation of $43.2 million from 2016 to 2017. The strengthening of certain foreign currencies, primarily in Switzerland, Ireland and India, against the U.S. Dollar, coupled with additional loans to these entities from Amneal, resulted in the significant transaction gains in foreign currency during the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to transaction losses during the same period in 2016.
Loss on Extinguishment and Modification of Debt
In April 2017, Amneal executed Amendment No. 6 to its credit facility, which provided for (i) incremental borrowing on Amneal’s term loan credit facility, and (ii) expansion of the borrowing capacity under Amneal’s revolving facility. As a result of the amendments, Amneal recorded a $2.5 million charge from the extinguishment and modification of debt due to incurring third-party debt issuance costs. There were no similar charges for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Income Tax Provision
The operations of Amneal are conducted through a limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. All U.S. federal income tax benefits and/or liabilities of Amneal are passed through to its members. Amneal provides for a tax provision in the various foreign jurisdictions in which it operates.
Amneal’s income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was $2.0 million and $5.4 million, respectively, representing a decrease of $3.4 million, or 63%. The decrease was due primarily to lower earnings in India from product sales to the United States and the effects of certain adjustments recorded in 2017.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
EBITDA, or earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, and adjusted EBITDA are used and provided by Amneal as non-GAAP financial measures. Adjusted EBITDA is intended to provide additional information on Amneal’s performance, operations and profitability. Adjustments to Amneal’s GAAP figures as well as adjusted EBITDA exclude interest expense, loss on extinguishment and modification of debt, income tax provision, depreciation and amortization, legal contract settlement, optimization expense, pro-forma royalty expense, loss of specified international entities, loss on sale of certain international businesses, acquisition and transaction-related costs, foreign exchange gain/loss, severance and non-controlling interest. Certain other special items or substantive events may also be included in the non-GAAP adjustments periodically when their magnitude is significant within the periods incurred. Amneal maintains an established non-GAAP cost policy that guides the determination of what costs will be excluded in non-GAAP measures. Amneal believes that these non-GAAP financial measures, when considered together with the GAAP figures, can enhance an overall understanding of Amneal’s financial and operating performance. The non-GAAP financial measures are included with the intent of providing investors with a more complete understanding of Amneal’s historical financial results and trends and to facilitate comparisons between periods and with respect to projected information. In addition, these non-GAAP financial measures are among the indicators Amneal’s management uses for planning and forecasting purposes and measuring Amneal’s performance. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. The non-GAAP financial measures used by Amneal may be calculated differently from, and therefore may not be comparable to, non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies.
 
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Reconciliations of reported GAAP net income to EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA are as follows (in millions):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	
Net Income	  	$	169.3	 	  	$	209.4	 	
Adjusted to add (deduct):	  				  				
			
Interest expense	  	 	71.1	 	  	 	56.0	 	
Loss on extinguishment and modification of debt	  	 	2.5	 	  	 	—  	 	
Income tax provision	  	 	2.0	 	  	 	5.4	 	
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	45.9	 	  	 	33.0	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
EBITDA	  	 	290.8	 	  	 	303.8	 	
Adjusted to add (deduct):	  				  				
Legal contract settlement (1)	  	 	—  	 	  	 	2.8	 	
Optimization expense (2)	  	 	24.3	 	  	 	—  	 	
Pro-forma royalty expense (3)	  	 	8.7	 	  	 	4.5	 	
Loss of specified international entities (4)	  	 	4.1	 	  	 	15.7	 	
Loss on sale of certain international businesses (4)	  	 	29.2	 	  	 	—  	 	
Acquisition and transaction-related costs	  	 	9.4	 	  	 	0.1	 	
Foreign exchange (gain) loss	  	 	(29.1	) 	  	 	14.1	 	
Severance	  	 	0.2	 	  	 	1.9	 	
Non-controlling Interest	  	 	(1.6	) 	  	 	(2.0	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Adjusted EBITDA	  	$	336.0	 	  	$	340.9	 	

(1)	In December 2016, Amneal entered into an agreement with a former development partner to settle a contract dispute. The total amount of the settlement was $2.8 million.	
(2)	Optimization expenses were incurred (expensed as period costs) while upgrading Amneal’s New York manufacturing facilities to meet the optimized standards of its new infrastructure. Such optimization expenses were incurred as internal resources deployed for these upgrades or were idle and production was lower than capacity. In addition, certain re-procurement charges were incurred as a result of lower production.	
(3)	Amneal has the commercial rights to distribute Estradiol Vaginal Tablets (“Estradiol”), sold under the tradename Yuvafem ® and owns the full product rights for Aspirin/Dipyridamole ER (“ADip”). Both of the products are marketed by Amneal and respective royalties are paid to the development partner Kashiv Pharmaceuticals, LLC (“Kashiv”), a related party. On June 29, 2017, Amneal and Kashiv entered into a product acquisition and royalty stream purchase agreement under which Amneal acquired all rights including the regulatory information related to Estradiol and the ANDA. Amneal also reacquired the royalty rights associated with ADip. As a result of such purchases, Amneal added back the royalties for these products that related to historical periods.	
(4)	In the third quarter of 2017, Amneal sold certain international businesses (including certain of its businesses in Australia, Spain and the Nordics). Amneal added back the losses related to these entities for both periods presented, and added back the loss on sale of these international businesses.	
Net Income
Amneal’s net income for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was $169 million and $209 million, respectively, representing a decrease of $40 million or 19%. Net income as a percentage of net revenue for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was 16% and 21%, respectively.
 
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Adjusted EBITDA
Amneal’s adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was $336 million and $341 million, respectively, representing a decrease of $5 million or 1%. Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of net revenue for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was 32% and 33%, respectively.
Years Ended December 31, 2016 and 2015
Net Revenue
Amneal’s net revenue for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was $1,018 million and $866 million, respectively, representing an increase of $152 million, or 18%.
New product launches in the United States in 2016 were responsible for a significant portion of Amneal’s net revenue growth, with such products contributing $153 million in 2016, led by Yuvafem (launched in October), Diclofenac Sodium Gel (launched in March), Aripiprazole Tablets (launched in July) and Fosphenytoin Sodium Injection (launched in August).
Amneal’s U.S. base business net revenue, which excludes 2016 new product launches, decreased by $23 million from 2015 to 2016. Lower net revenue was attributable to Buprenorphine and Naloxone, Metaxalone, Oxycodone/APAP, Flecainide, Fluocinolone, Hydrocodone/APAP and Atovaquone, as a result of competition entering the market at the end of 2015 and early 2016, and supply constraints of EEMT, and partially offset by higher net revenue attributable to Lidocaine Ointment (launched in November 2015) and Omega-3 Caps (launched in December 2015). Overall, the decline in net revenue for Amneal’s U.S. base business of 3% from 2015 to 2016 consisted of price declines of 11%, partially offset by volume growth of 8%.
Amneal’s international net revenue grew by $22 million from 2015 to 2016, mostly in Australia from Amneal’s acquisition of the Actavis Australian business in May 2015, and organic growth in the UK and Germany, primarily as a result of Amneal’s new product launches.
Gross Profit and Gross Margin
Amneal’s gross profit and gross margin for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were $597 million and 59%, and $502 million and 58%, respectively. The increase in Amneal’s gross margin from 2015 to 2016 of 1% was due primarily to Amneal’s launch of certain high-value products and lower facility ramp-up costs. In 2015, Amneal began production activities in its Piscataway, New Jersey facility and incurred ramp-up costs to ready the facility for production. These costs were reported as period costs in 2015 and no such costs were incurred in 2016. Gross margin improvement in 2016 was partially offset by U.S. base business price reductions and certain inventory write-off charges taken in Australia, primarily related to inventory purchased in the Actavis Australia acquisition for product that would not be sold before expiry.
Selling, General and Administrative
Amneal’s SG&A expenses for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were $115 million and $97 million, respectively. SG&A expenses for 2016 included a settlement payment of $2.8 million payable pursuant to a former development partner of Amneal. Excluding this settlement, SG&A expenses increased by $15 million, or 15%. The increase in Amneal’s SG&A expenses for 2016 was primarily due to an increase in personnel-related costs to support of the overall growth of Amneal’s business, both in the United States and internationally, costs related to product specific Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (“ REMS ”) programs, and professional fees. Amneal’s marketing costs were higher in 2016 compared to 2015 due to its promotional programs to expand the Yuvafem market, launched in October 2016, as well as costs incurred to support sales of injectables through institutional market channels.
 
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Research and Development
Amneal’s R&D expenses for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were $168 million and $137 million, respectively, representing an increase of $31 million or 23%. Overall, the increase was due primarily to Amneal’s continued efforts to invest in its product pipeline in a measured way for continued growth both in the United States and internationally. Amneal’s increased spend in 2016 primarily related to additional projects requiring expanded infrastructure such as personnel, lab supplies and production support as well as higher materials and sample spend compared to 2015. Higher materials spend in 2016 was driven by Amneal’s expansion into multiple dosage forms and increased sourcing of material and samples in support of development activity including exhibit batch production.
Intellectual Property Legal Development Expenses
Amneal’s intellectual property legal development expenses for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were $26 million and $17 million, respectively, representing an increase of $9 million or 53%. The increase from 2015 to 2016 related primarily to additional ANDA regulatory filings subject to patent challenges, many of which took place in the trial phase which is often the most costly phase of the patent challenge process. Intellectual property legal development expenses relate to legal challenges of innovator’s patents for invalidity or non-infringement, which are customary in the generic pharmaceutical industry, and are incurred predominately during development and prior to regulatory approval.
Depreciation
Amneal’s depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was $14.5 million and $10.4 million, respectively, representing an increase of $4.1 million or 39%. The increase from 2015 was due primarily to depreciation from various assets placed into service, including: (i) R&D facilities and equipment for injectable, inhalation and topical products, (ii) new revenue management software, and (iii) an additional distribution warehouse.
Member Units Purchase
In May 2015, Amneal purchased membership units from certain of its employees for an aggregate purchase price of $12.5 million in cash. The purchased membership units were originally issued through a profit participation plan established for a select group of employees in recognition of their past and continued service to Amneal. The purchased membership units were purchased at the discretion of Amneal’s management and no annual purchase program was adopted. Amneal did not purchase any membership units in 2016.
Patent Litigation Settlement Gain
During the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, Amneal received aggregate cash payments of $11.0 million and $8.7 million, respectively, with respect to the settlement of certain patent infringement matters with respect to its ANDA product filings.
Interest Expense
Amneal’s interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was $56 million and $46 million, respectively, representing an increase of $10 million or 22% from 2015 to 2016. The higher expense was due primarily to increased borrowings under Amneal’s term loan facility in 2016, partially offset by a lower interest rate on borrowings under Amneal’s term loan credit facility by 0.5% effective June 2015.
Foreign Exchange Loss
Amneal’s foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in the determination of net income in Amneal’s consolidated statements of income as a component of Total other expense, net. Such foreign currency
 
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transaction gains and losses include fluctuations related to long term subsidiary loans, primarily to India, Switzerland, Australia and Ireland that are payable in the foreseeable future. Amneal’s transaction losses were $14.1 million and $12.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, representing an increase in foreign currency losses of $1.9 million.
Loss on Extinguishment and Modification of Debt
In April 2015 and June 2015, Amneal executed Amendments No. 3 and 4 to its credit facility, which provided for (i) incremental borrowings on the term loan, reduction of quarterly principle payments and reduction of interest rate of Amneal’s term loan, and (ii) expansion of the borrowing capacity under Amneal’s revolving facility. As a result of the amendments, Amneal recorded a $2.6 million charge from the extinguishment and modification of debt due to the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs.
Income Tax Provision
The operations of Amneal are conducted through a limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes. All United States federal income tax benefits and/or liabilities of Amneal are passed through to its members. Amneal provides for a tax provision in the various foreign jurisdictions in which it operates.
Amneal’s income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was $5.4 million and $5.0 million, respectively, representing an increase of $0.4 million, or 8%. The increase was due primarily to higher earnings in India.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
EBITDA, or earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, and adjusted EBITDA are used and provided by Amneal as non-GAAP financial measures. Adjusted EBITDA is intended to provide additional information on Amneal’s performance, operations and profitability. Adjustments to Amneal’s GAAP figures as well as adjusted EBITDA exclude interest expense, loss on extinguishment and modification of debt, income tax provision, depreciation and amortization, legal contract settlement, member units purchase, pro-forma royalty expense, loss of specified international entities, acquisition-related costs, foreign exchange loss, severance and non-controlling interest. Certain other special items or substantive events may also be included in the non-GAAP adjustments periodically when their magnitude is significant within the periods incurred. Amneal maintains an established non-GAAP cost policy that guides the determination of what costs will be excluded in non-GAAP measures. Amneal believes that these non-GAAP financial measures, when considered together with the GAAP figures, can enhance an overall understanding of Amneal’s financial and operating performance. The non-GAAP financial measures are included with the intent of providing investors with a more complete understanding of Amneal’s historical financial results and trends and to facilitate comparisons between periods and with respect to projected information. In addition, these non-GAAP financial measures are among the indicators Amneal’s management uses for planning and forecasting purposes and measuring Amneal’s performance. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. The non-GAAP financial measures used by Amneal may be calculated differently from, and therefore may not be comparable to, non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies.
 
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Reconciliations of reported GAAP net income to EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA are as follows (in millions):

 	  	Year Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Net Income	  	$	209.4	 	  	$	170.6	 	
Adjusted to add (deduct):	  				  				
Interest expense	  	 	56.0	 	  	 	45.8	 	
Loss on extinguishment and modification of debt	  	 	—  	 	  	 	2.6	 	
Income tax provision	  	 	5.4	 	  	 	5.0	 	
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	33.0	 	  	 	25.5	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
EBITDA	  	 	303.8	 	  	 	249.5	 	
Adjusted to add (deduct):	  				  				
Legal contract settlement(1)	  	 	2.8	 	  	 	—  	 	
Member units purchase(2)	  	 	—  	 	  	 	12.5	 	
Pro-forma royalty expense(3)	  	 	4.5	 	  	 	—  	 	
Loss of specified international entities(4)	  	 	15.7	 	  	 	—  	 	
Acquisition-related costs	  	 	0.1	 	  	 	0.4	 	
Foreign exchange loss	  	 	14.1	 	  	 	12.1	 	
Severance	  	 	1.9	 	  	 	1.2	 	
Non-controlling interest	  	 	(2.0	) 	  	 	(1.2	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Adjusted EBITDA	  	$	340.9	 	  	$	274.5	 	

 
(1)	In December 2016, Amneal entered into an agreement with a former development partner to settle a contract dispute. The total amount of the settlement was $2.8 million.	
(2)	In 2015, Amneal purchased in cash certain membership units from certain member classes. As a result of the purchased membership units, Amneal recorded $12.5 million in expense.	
(3)	Amneal has the commercial rights to distribute Yuvafem and owns the full product rights for Aspirin/Dipyridamole ER. Both of the products are marketed by Amneal and respective royalties are paid to the development partner Kashiv, a related party of Amneal. On June 30, 2017, Amneal purchased the full product rights for Yuvafem, and the future royalties on Aspirin/Dipyridamole ER from Kashiv. As a result of these purchases, Amneal added back the royalties that related to historical periods.	
(4)	In the third quarter of 2017, Amneal sold certain of its international businesses (Australia, Spain and the Nordics). Amneal added back the losses related to these entities in 2016.	
Net Income
Amneal’s net income for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was $209 million and $171 million, respectively, representing an increase of $38 million or 22%. Net income as a percentage of net revenue for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was 21% and 20%, respectively.
Adjusted EBITDA
Amneal’s adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was $341 million and $275 million, respectively, representing an increase of $66 million or 24%. Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of net revenue for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was 33% and 32%, respectively.
 
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Liquidity and Capital Resources

 	  	December 31,
2017	 	  	December 31,
2016	 	
	  	 	(in millions)	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	  	$	74.2	 	  	$	27.4	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
As of December 31, 2017, Amneal had total cash and cash equivalents of $74.2 million, compared to $27.4 million as of December 31, 2016. The increase of $46.8 million during the period resulted primarily from favorable earnings, trade accounts receivable collections and accounts payable increases due to timing of payments, partially offset by equity distributions and capital expenditures.
As of December 31, 2017, all of Amneal’s cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on deposit and highly liquid investments. A portion of Amneal’s cash flows are derived outside the United States. As a result, Amneal is subject to market risk associated with changes in foreign exchange rates. Amneal maintains cash balances at both U.S. based and foreign country based commercial banks. At various times during the year, Amneal’s cash balances held in the United States may exceed amounts that are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Amneal makes its investments in accordance with its investment policy. The primary objectives of Amneal’s investment policy are liquidity and safety of principal.
Cash Flows from Operating, Investing and Financing Activities

 	  	Years Ended December	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
 	  	(in millions)	 	
Net cash provided by (used in):	  				  				  				
Operating activities	  	$	234.2	 	  	$	115.1	 	  	$	104.9	 	
Investing activities	  	 	(91.8	) 	  	 	(130.9	) 	  	 	(135.6	) 	
Financing activities	  	 	(95.0	) 	  	 	(19.5	) 	  	 	(25.0	) 	
Effect of foreign exchange rate on cash	  	 	(0.6	) 	  	 	1.6	 	  	 	(0.7	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	  	$	46.8	 	  	$	(33.7	) 	  	$	(56.4	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Amneal’s net cash provided by operating activities was $234.2 million in 2017, as compared to $115.1 million in 2016, and $104.9 million in 2015. The increase of $119.1 million in net cash provided by operating activities was due primarily to strong collection of trade accounts receivable and an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses as a result of the timing of cash disbursements for inventory and capital expenditures, which was partially offset by a reduction in net income adjusted for non-cash expenditures, higher prepaid expenses other current assets due primarily to goods and service tax prepayments in India, export incentives in India and a royalty stream that was prepaid on a license with a related-party, and higher related-party receivables from a development contract settlement. The increase of $10.2 million in 2016 was due primarily to higher net income adjusted for non-cash expenditures, lower inventories from the timing of product launches, and lower prepaid expenses due to lower royalty receivable. This was partially offset by an increase in trade accounts receivable reflecting increased sales and the timing of cash collections, and a decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses as a result of the timing of cash disbursements.
Amneal’s net cash used in investing activities was $91.8 million in 2017, as compared to $130.9 million in 2016, and $135.6 million in 2015. The decrease of $39.1 million in 2017 was primarily due to a decrease in purchases of property, plant and equipment due to completing the expansion of certain facilities, the proceeds received on the sale of certain international businesses, partially offset by the acquisition of product rights. The decrease of $4.7 million in net cash used in 2016 was due primarily to a reduction in acquisitions as Amneal acquired the Actavis Australia business in 2015, partially offset by an increase in purchases of property, plant and equipment from the expansion of Amneal’s facilities worldwide.
 
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Amneal’s net cash used in financing activities was $95.0 million in 2017, as compared to $19.5 million in 2016, and $25.0 million in 2015. The increase of $75.5 million in 2017 was primarily related to equity distributions, partially offset by proceeds from increases in borrowings under Amneal’s term and revolving loan facilities. The decrease of $5.5 million in 2016 was primarily related to lower equity distributions, partially offset by repayments of amounts drawn on Amneal’s revolving loan facility.
Sources and Uses of Capital
Amneal’s primary sources of liquidity to date have been financing activities and cash provided by profitable operating activities. In order to complete development of Amneal’s current product pipeline, Amneal plans to continue financing its investments in R&D from cash liquidity generated by operating profits.
Amneal’s primary uses of capital resources to date have been to fund operating activities, including R&D expenses associated with new product filings, and pharmaceutical product manufacturing expenses, license payments, and spending on production facility expansions and capital equipment items.
In April 2017, Amneal executed an amendment to its existing credit facility increasing the amounts available under its term loan by $250.0 million, for a total availability under the term loan facility equal to $1,388.8 million. The interest rate for Amneal’s term loan facility is LIBOR plus 3.5% with a 1.00% LIBOR floor rate. The availability under Amneal’s revolving loan facility was also increased by $80.0 million, from $120.0 million to $200.0 million and the interest rate reduced by 0.5% to LIBOR plus 2.0% with a 1.00% LIBOR floor rate. As part of the transaction, $50.0 million was drawn on Amneal’s revolving facility. The maturity date for the Amneal’s term loan facility is November 1, 2019, but can be prepaid at any time at no additional cost. The revolving loan facility matures on November 1, 2018, but can be prepaid at any time at no additional cost. Amneal has the option to extend the maturity date of the revolving loan facility to November 1, 2019.
In May 2016, Amneal increased borrowings available under its term loan facility by $225.0 million for total availability under the term loan facility equal to $1,150.4 million, at an interest rate of LIBOR plus 3.5% with a 1.00% LIBOR floor rate. The borrowing limit on Amneal’s revolving loan facility was also increased by $30.0 million to $120.0 million. The interest rate on the revolving loan facility was reduced by 0.25% to LIBOR plus 2.5% and a 1.00% LIBOR floor rate.
Amneal has a letter of credit for $0.8 million issued to the landlord of a facility in Bridgewater, New Jersey, as required by the lease agreement of such facility, and the letter of credit is collateralized by a certificate of deposit for the same amount, which is recorded as restricted cash.
Amneal’s future capital requirements and the adequacy of available funds will depend on many factors, including those set forth in the section entitled “ Risk Factors ” beginning on page 9. As of December 31, 2017 Amneal has available to it $125.0 million of undrawn commitments on its revolving loan facility. Amneal believes that it has an adequate balance in cash and cash equivalents to fund its operations for at least the next twelve months.
 
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Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes Amneal’s significant contractual obligations, inclusive of interest expense, as of December 31, 2017, and the effect such obligations are expected to have on Amneal’s liquidity and cash flow in future periods (in millions):

 	  	2018	 	  	2019	 	  	2020	 	  	2021	 	  	Thereafter	 	  	Total	 	
Bank term loan and revolver (a)	  	$	156.0	 	  	$	1,424.2	 	  	$	—  	 	  	$	—  	 	  	$	—  	 	  	$	1,580.2	 	
Operating lease obligations (b)	  	 	18.2	 	  	 	17.7	 	  	 	14.2	 	  	 	13.4	 	  	 	39.8	 	  	 	103.3	 	
Capital lease obligations (b)	  	 	0.1	 	  	 	0.1	 	  	 	0.1	 	  	 	0.2	 	  	 	0.7	 	  	 	1.2	 	
Financing obligations (c)	  	 	5.3	 	  	 	5.3	 	  	 	5.3	 	  	 	5.3	 	  	 	112.3	 	  	 	133.5	 	
Contingent consideration (d)	  	 	0.4	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	0.4	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	$	180.0	 	  	$	1,447.3	 	  	$	19.6	 	  	$	18.9	 	  	$	152.8	 	  	$	1,818.6	 	

(a)	Includes payoff of $75.0 million Revolver balance in 2018. These loans carry a LIBOR floating rate plus a contractual interest rate. Amneal assumed the LIBOR rate stays constant in the future periods for purposes of calculating future interest payments.	
(b)	Amounts represent future minimum rental payments under non-cancelable leases for certain facilities and machinery and equipment.	
(c)	Amounts represent future minimum rental payments under non-cancelable financing obligation for a production facility in NY.	
(d)	In 2015, Amneal acquired the Actavis Australian generics business. A portion of the consideration was contingent consideration based on 12% of aggregate future net sales. Amounts represent future contingent payments remaining and will terminate at end of first quarter 2018.	
The foregoing table does not include milestone payments potentially payable by Amneal under its collaboration agreements and licenses. Such milestone payments are dependent upon the occurrence of specific and contingent events, and not the passage of time. Significant transactions including milestones are as follows:
Adello License and Commercialization Agreement
On October 1, 2017, Amneal and Adello entered into a license and commercialization agreement. Adello granted Amneal an exclusive license, under its NDA, to distribute and sell two bio-similar products in the United States. Adello is responsible for development, regulatory filings, obtaining FDA approval, and manufacturing, and Amneal is responsible for marketing, selling and pricing activities. The term of the agreement is 10-years from the applicable product’s launch date.
In connection with the agreement, Amneal paid an upfront amount of $1.5 million in October 2017 for execution of the agreement. The agreement also provides for potential future milestone payments to Adello of (i) up to $21 million relating to regulatory approval, (ii) up to $43 million for successful delivery of commercial launch inventory, (iii) between $20 million and $50 million relating to number of competitors at launch for one product, and (iv) between $15 million and $67.5 million for the achievement of cumulative net sales for both products. The milestones are subject to certain performance conditions, which may or may not be achieved, including FDA filing, FDA approval, launch activities and commercial sales volume objectives. In addition, the agreement provides for Amneal to pay a profit share equal to 50% of Net Profits, after considering manufacturing and marketing costs.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk
Amneal has exposure to interest rate risk due to the fact that the credit facilities are variable rate debt. The impact of changes in interest rates on the market value of the credit facilities is generally not significant,
 
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however, rate fluctuations do affect the amount of Amneal’s interest payments and, therefore, Amneal’s future earnings and cash flows, assuming other factors are held constant. At December 31, 2017, Amneal had variable rate debt of approximately $1,453.2 million.
Holding other variables constant, including levels of indebtedness, a 1% increase in interest rates on Amneal’s variable rate debt would have an adverse impact on pre-tax earnings and cash flows on an annual basis of approximately $14.5 million.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
By the nature of Amneal’s global operations, Amneal is exposed to cash flow and earnings fluctuations resulting from foreign exchange rate variation. These exposures are transactional and translational in nature. Since Amneal manufactures and sells its products throughout the world, its foreign currency risk is diversified. Principal drivers of this diversified foreign exchange exposure include the European Euro, British pound, Indian Rupee, and the Swiss Franc. Amneal’s transactional exposure arises from the purchase and sale of goods and services in currencies other than the functional currency of Amneal’s operational units. Amneal also has exposure related to the translation of financial statements of its foreign divisions into U.S. dollars, the functional currency of Amneal. The financial statements of Amneal’s operations outside the U.S. are measured using the local currency as the functional currency. Adjustments to translate the assets and liabilities of these foreign operations in U.S. dollars are accumulated as a component of other comprehensive income/(loss) utilizing period-end exchange rates. Transaction gains and losses are included in the determination of net income in Amneal’s consolidated statements of income as a component of other expense. Such foreign currency transaction gains and losses include fluctuations related to long term intercompany loans that are payable in the foreseeable future.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Amneal’s discussion and analysis of its operating results and financial condition is based upon Amneal’s consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of the financial statements requires Amneal to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent amounts. While Amneal believes Amneal’s estimates, judgments and assumptions are reasonable, the inherent nature of estimates is such that actual results will likely differ from estimates made. Amneal’s senior management has reviewed these critical accounting policies and related disclosures with Amneal’s Audit Committee. Amneal’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2017 set forth in the section entitled “ Index to Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC and Subsidiaries Consolidated Financial Statements .” Amneal believes the following critical accounting policies affect Amneal’s most significant judgments, assumptions, and estimates used in the preparation of Amneal’s consolidated financial statements and, therefore, are important in understanding Amneal’s financial condition and results of operations.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires Amneal’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported financial position of Amneal at the date of the financial statements and the reported results of operations during the reporting period. Such estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of Amneal’s assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The following are some, but not all, of such estimates: the determination of chargebacks, sales returns, rebates, bill backs, allowances for accounts receivable, accrued liabilities, valuation of inventory balances, the determination of useful lives for product rights and the assessment of expected cash flows used in evaluating goodwill and other long-lived assets for impairment. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
 
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Revenue Recognition
Revenue from sales of Amneal’s products is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, title and risk of loss has transferred to the customer, the price is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. Amneal permits the return of product under certain circumstances. Product sales are recorded net of all sales-related deductions including, but not limited to: sales discounts and returns, chargebacks, sales volume rebates, shelf stocks, re-procurement charges, cash discounts, and Medicaid rebate obligations. Amneal establishes provisions for its sales- related deductions in the same period that it recognizes the related gross sales. These accruals reduce gross revenues and, with the exception of returns and Medicaid rebates, are treated as a reduction of trade receivables. Returns and Medicaid rebates are recorded as a liability. At the time a rebate or chargeback payment is made or a product return credit is issued, Amneal records a reduction to the contra accounts receivable or liability account.
Amneal estimates sales-related deductions based primarily on historical experience, estimated future trends, estimated customer inventory levels and contract sales terms with Amneal’s wholesale, retail, indirect, and institutional customers. The product returns accrual is primarily based on estimates of future product returns based generally on historical sales and return rates. Amneal estimates its chargeback accrual based on its estimates of the level of inventory of its products in the distribution channel that remain subject to chargebacks and historical chargeback rates. The estimate of the level of products in the distribution channel is based primarily on data provided by key customers. Amneal’s sales volume rebate accrual is based on actual net sales and the rebate rate for each customer. Amneal provides for cash discounts, which are deducted from revenues at the time of sale. Amneal estimates its Medicaid rebate accruals based on monthly sales, historical rates, and estimated lag time of the rebate invoices. Amneal’s accruals for returns, chargebacks, and rebates are adjusted as appropriate for specific known developments that may result in a change in its obligations. No material revisions were made to the methodology used in determining these reserves during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015.
A rollforward of the major categories of sales-related deductions for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 is as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Contract
Charge-backs
and Sales
Volume
Allowances	 	 	Cash
Discount
Allowances	 	 	Accrued
Returns
Allowance	 	 	Accrued
Medicaid
Rebates	 	
Balance at January 1, 2015	  	$	262.5	 	 	$	14.4	 	 	$	27.6	 	 	$	4.2	 	
Provision related to sales recorded in the period	  	 	1,900.7	 	 	 	62.4	 	 	 	14.9	 	 	 	31.6	 	
Credits issued during the period	  	 	(1,832.4	) 	 	 	(61.9	) 	 	 	(10.4	) 	 	 	(21.4	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2015	  	 	330.8	 	 	 	14.9	 	 	 	32.1	 	 	 	14.4	 	
Provision related to sales recorded in the period	  	 	2,182.6	 	 	 	70.7	 	 	 	31.8	 	 	 	17.2	 	
Credits issued during the period	  	 	(2,146.6	) 	 	 	(67.2	) 	 	 	(17.7	) 	 	 	(23.5	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2016	  	 	366.8	 	 	 	18.4	 	 	 	46.2	 	 	 	8.1	 	
Provision related to sales recorded in the period	  	 	2,489.7	 	 	 	79.8	 	 	 	24.6	 	 	 	26.0	 	
Credits issued during the period	  	 	(2,402.8	) 	 	 	(77.8	) 	 	 	(25.6	) 	 	 	(21.2	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2017	  	$	453.7	 	 	$	20.4	 	 	$	45.2	 	 	$	12.9	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Inventories
Inventories consist of finished goods held for sale, raw materials, and work in process. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost determined using the first-in, first-out method. Adjustments for excess and obsolete inventories are established based upon historical experience and Amneal management’s assessment of current product demand. These assessments include inventory obsolescence based on its expiration date, damaged or rejected product, and slow-moving products.
 
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Goodwill
Goodwill, which represents the excess of purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired, is carried at cost. Goodwill is not amortized; rather, it is subject to a periodic assessment for impairment by applying a fair value based test. Amneal reviews goodwill for possible impairment annually during the fourth quarter, or whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.
The impairment model prescribes a two-step method for determining goodwill impairment. However, an entity is permitted to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the two-step goodwill impairment test is necessary. The qualitative factors considered by Amneal may include, but are not limited to, general economic conditions, Amneal’s outlook, market performance of Amneal’s industry and recent and forecasted financial performance. Further testing is only required if the entity determines, based on the qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount. Otherwise, no further impairment testing is required. In the first step, Amneal determines the fair value of its reporting unit using a discounted cash flow analysis. If the net book value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, Amneal then performs the second step of the impairment test, which requires allocation of the reporting unit’s fair value to all of its assets and liabilities using the acquisition method prescribed under authoritative guidance for business combinations with any residual fair value being allocated to goodwill. An impairment charge is recognized when the implied fair value of Amneal’s reporting unit’s goodwill is less than its carrying amount.
Assumptions and estimates used in the evaluation of impairment may affect the carrying value of long-lived assets, which could result in impairment charges in future periods. Such assumptions include projections of future cash flows and the current fair value of the asset.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets (Including Intangible Assets with Finite Lives)
Amneal reviews its long-lived assets, including intangible assets with finite lives, for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. Amneal evaluates assets for potential impairment by comparing estimated future undiscounted net cash flows to the carrying amount of the asset. If the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the estimated future undiscounted cash flows, impairment is measured based on the difference between the carrying amount of the assets and fair value which is generally an expected present value cash flow technique. Management’s policy in determining whether an impairment indicator exists comprises measurable operating performance criteria as well as other qualitative measures.
Intangible assets, other than indefinite-lived intangible assets, are amortized using a straight line basis based on their estimated useful lives as the straight line basis of amortization approximates the pattern of economic benefit of the asset. The useful life is the period over which the assets are expected to contribute directly or indirectly to future cash flows. Intangible assets are not written-off in the period of acquisition unless they become impaired during that period.
Amneal regularly evaluates the remaining useful life of each intangible asset that is being amortized to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of amortization. If the estimate of the intangible asset’s remaining useful life is changed, the remaining carrying amount of the intangible asset is amortized prospectively over that revised remaining useful life.
Income Taxes
The operations of Amneal are conducted through a limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. All U.S. federal income tax benefits and/or liabilities of Amneal are passed through to Amneal’s members. Amneal provides for a tax provision in the various foreign jurisdictions in which it operates.
 
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The provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based upon the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates that will be in effect at the time such differences are expected to reverse. When necessary, deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to reflect the amount that is estimated to be recoverable.
The guidance related to accounting for income taxes requires that a valuation allowance be established when it is more-likely-than-not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income of the appropriate character during the period in which those temporary differences are deductible. Amneal applies a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets in the required jurisdictions.
Research and Development
R&D activities are expensed as incurred. Primarily, R&D costs consist of direct and allocated expenses incurred with the process of formulation, clinical research, and validation associated with new product development, and external regulatory filing fees. Upfront and milestone payments made to third parties in connection with R&D collaborations are expensed as incurred up to the point of regulatory approval or when there is no alternative future use. Payments made to third parties subsequent to regulatory approval are capitalized and amortized over the remaining useful life of the respective intangible asset. Amounts capitalized for such payments are included in intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization.
Intellectual Property Legal Development Expenses
Amneal expenses external intellectual property legal development expenses as incurred. These costs relate to legal challenges of innovator’s patents for invalidity or non-infringement, which are customary in the generic pharmaceutical industry, and are incurred predominately during development of a product and prior to regulatory approval. Associated costs include, but are not limited to, formulation assessments, patent challenge opinions and strategy, and litigation expenses to defend the intellectual property supporting Amneal’s regulatory filings.
Risks and Uncertainties
Amneal is subject to risks common to companies in the pharmaceutical industry including, but not limited to, uncertainties related to commercialization of products, regulatory approvals, dependence on key products, dependence on key customers and suppliers, and protection of intellectual property rights. For additional information regarding the risks attendant to Amneal’s business and the generic pharmaceutical industry, see the section entitled “ Risk Factors .”
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
See the sections entitled “ Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements. ”
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
New Amneal will meet the definition of a public business entity and will adopt recently issued accounting pronouncements in accordance with the transition provisions and effective dates for public business entities. Below is a summary of the recently issued accounting pronouncements that will be relevant to New Amneal.
In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“ FASB ”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ ASU ”) 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic  350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment , that eliminates the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill (i.e., Step 2 of today’s goodwill
 
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impairment test) to measure a goodwill impairment charge. Instead, entities will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value (i.e., measure the charge based on today’s Step 1). The standard will be applied prospectively and is effective for New Amneal’s annual and interim impairment tests performed in periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for annual and interim goodwill impairment testing dates after January 1, 2017. New Amneal is evaluating the impact of this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting , which provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. The guidance will be effective for New Amneal for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this ASU should be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. New Amneal is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, Other Income—Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20), which provides clarification regarding the scope of the asset derecognition guidance and accounting for partial sales of nonfinancial assets. The update defines an in substance nonfinancial asset and clarifies that an entity should identify each distinct nonfinancial asset or in substance nonfinancial asset promised to a counterparty and derecognize each asset when a counterparty obtains control of it. All businesses and nonprofit activities within the scope of Subtopic 610-20 are excluded from the amendments in this update. This guidance will be effective for New Amneal for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and is required to be applied at the same time as ASU 2014-09 (described above) is applied. The guidance can be applied using one of two methods: the full retrospective method, which requires the standard to be applied to each prior period presented, or the modified retrospective method, which requires the cumulative effect of adoption to be recognized as an adjustment to opening retained earnings in the period of adoption. New Amneal is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) , to clarify how entities should present restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. The guidance requires entities to show the changes inthe total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. As a result, entities will no longer present transfers between cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. The guidance will be applied retrospectively and is effective for New Amneal for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. New Amneal is evaluating the impact of this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory , that will require companies to account for the income tax effects of intercompany transfers of assets other than inventory (e.g., intangible assets) when the transfer occurs. The guidance is effective for New Amneal for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. New Amneal is evaluating the impact of this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force) , to clarify how entities should classify certain cash receipts and cash payments on the statement of cash flows. The new guidance also clarifies how the predominance principle should be applied when cash receipts and cash payments have aspects of more than one class of cash flows. The guidance will be applied retrospectively and is effective for New Amneal for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. New Amneal is evaluating the impact of this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
 
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In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic  326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments , guidance that changes the impairment model for most financial assets including trade receivables and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The standard will replace today’s “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model for instruments measured at amortized cost and require entities to record allowances for available-for-sale debt securities rather than reduce the carrying amount, as they do today under the other-than-temporary impairment model. It also simplifies the accounting model for purchased credit-impaired debt securities and loans. Entities will apply the standard’s provisions as a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. The guidance is effective for New Amneal for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. New Amneal is evaluating the impact of this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) . The new standard establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The guidance is effective for New Amneal for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. New Amneal is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825 -10), Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities , which addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. The guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and early adoption is permitted. New Amneal is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) . This guidance represents a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which that company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services. This update sets forth a new five-step revenue recognition model which replaces the prior revenue recognition guidance in its entirety and is intended to eliminate numerous industry-specific pieces of revenue recognition guidance that have historically existed. The FASB has since issued eight additional ASUs, including ASU 2017-13 in September 2017 and ASU 2017-14 in December 2017. This ASU is effective for New Amneal for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The new guidance can be adopted using one of two methods: the full retrospective method, which requires the standard to be applied to each prior period presented, or the modified retrospective method, which requires the cumulative effect of adoption to be recognized as an adjustment to opening retained earnings in the period of adoption. New Amneal will adopt the new revenue recognition standard in 2018 using the modified retrospective method. In addition, the new standard will result in additional revenue-related disclosures in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
The Amneal business has made substantial progress in completing its impact assessment of the potential changes from adopting ASU 2014-09. The impact assessment consists of a review of a representative sample of contracts, surveying key stakeholders, and a cataloging of potential impacts on Amneal’s financial statements, accounting policies, financial control, and operations. The majority of Amneal’s revenue relates to the sale of finished generic pharmaceutical products to its customers, and though Amneal is still evaluating the impact of this standard, management does not anticipate that the adoption will have a significant impact on these transactions. Amneal is continuing to evaluate the impact on certain less significant non-standard arrangements. In addition, the new standard will require changes to processes and controls to support additional disclosures; and Amneal is in the process of identifying and designing such changes to processes and controls to ensure readiness.
 
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Amneal has not participated in any transactions with unconsolidated entities, such as special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements.
 
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 MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF IMPAX
The following discussion and analysis, as well as other sections in this report, should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere herein. All references to years mean the relevant 12-month period ended December 31.
Overview
Impax is a specialty pharmaceutical company applying formulation and development expertise, as well as its drug delivery technology, to the development, manufacture and marketing of bioequivalent pharmaceutical products, commonly referred to as “generics,” in addition to the development, manufacture and marketing of branded products. Impax operates in two segments, referred to as “Impax Generics” and “Impax Specialty Pharma.” Impax Generics concentrates its efforts on generic products, which are the pharmaceutical and therapeutic equivalents of brand-name drug products and are usually marketed under their established nonproprietary drug names rather than by a brand name. Impax Specialty Pharma utilizes its specialty sales force to market proprietary branded pharmaceutical products for the treatment of CNS disorders and other select specialty segments. Impax sells its Impax Generics division products within the continental United States and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Impax has no sales in foreign countries.
Impax plans to continue to expand Impax Generics through targeted ANDAs and a first-to-file and first-to-market strategy and to continue to evaluate and pursue external growth initiatives, including acquisitions and partnerships. Impax focuses its efforts on a broad range of therapeutic areas including products that have technically challenging drug-delivery mechanisms or unique product formulations. Impax employs its technologies and formulation expertise to develop generic products that reproduce brand-name products’ physiological characteristics but do not infringe any valid patents relating to such brand-name products. Impax generally focuses its generic product development on brand-name products as to which the patents covering the active pharmaceutical ingredient have expired or are near expiration, and Impax employs its proprietary formulation expertise to develop controlled-release technologies that do not infringe patents covering the brand-name products’ controlled-release technologies. Impax also develops, manufactures, sells and distributes specialty generic pharmaceuticals that Impax believes present one or more competitive advantages, such as difficulty in raw materials sourcing, complex formulation or development characteristics or special handling requirements. In addition to its focus on solid oral dosage products, Impax has expanded its generic pharmaceutical products portfolio to include alternative dosage form products, primarily through alliance and collaboration agreements with third parties. As of December 31, 2017, Impax marketed 225 generic pharmaceuticals, which represent dosage variations of 77 different pharmaceutical compounds through its Impax Generics division; another five of its generic pharmaceuticals representing dosage variations of two different pharmaceutical compounds are marketed by its alliance and collaboration agreement partners. As of December 31, 2017, in its Impax Generics Division, Impax had 17 applications pending at the FDA and 20 other products in various stages of development for which applications have not yet been filed.
The Impax Generics division develops, manufactures, sells, and distributes generic pharmaceutical products primarily through the following sales channels:
 
 	•	 	the “Impax Generics sales channel” for sales of generic prescription products Impax sells directly to wholesalers, large retail drug chains, and others;	
 
 	•	 	the “Private Label Product sales channel” for generic pharmaceutical over-the-counter and prescription products Impax sells to unrelated third-party customers who in-turn sell the product to third parties under their own label;	
 
 	•	 	the “Rx Partner sales channel” for generic prescription products sold through unrelated third-party pharmaceutical entities under their own label pursuant to alliance agreements; and	
 
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 	•	 	the “OTC Partner sales channel” for sales of generic pharmaceutical over-the-counter products sold through unrelated third-party pharmaceutical entities under their own label pursuant to alliance agreements.	
Revenues from generic products are reported under the caption “Impax Generics, net.”
Impax Specialty Pharma is engaged in the development, sale and distribution of proprietary branded pharmaceutical products that Impax believes represent improvements to already-approved pharmaceutical products addressing CNS disorders, including migraine, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease and post-herpetic neuralgia, and other select specialty segments. Impax believes that Impax has the research, development and formulation expertise to develop branded products that will deliver significant improvements over existing therapies.
Impax’s branded pharmaceutical product portfolio consists of commercial CNS and other select specialty products, as well as development stage projects. In February 2012, Impax licensed from AZ the exclusive U.S. commercial rights to Zomig ® (zolmitriptan) tablet, orally disintegrating tablet and nasal spray formulations pursuant to the terms of the Distribution, License, Development and Supply Agreement between Impax and AstraZeneca UK, Limited, dated as of January 31, 2012 (the “AZ Agreement”), and began sales of the Zomig ® products under its label during the year ended December 31, 2012 through its specialty sales force. In May 2013, Impax’s exclusivity period for branded Zomig ® tablets and orally disintegrating tablets expired and Impax launched authorized generic versions of those products in the United States. In June 2015, the FDA approved the Zomig ® nasal spray for use in pediatric patients 12 years of age or older for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura. In addition to the Zomig ® products and Impax’s internally developed pharmaceutical product, Rytary ® for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, post-encephalitic parkinsonism, and parkinsonism that may follow carbon monoxide intoxication and/or manganese intoxication, which was approved by the FDA on January 7, 2015, Impax is currently engaged in the sales and marketing of Emverm ® (mebendazole) 100 mg chewable tablets, indicated for the treatment of pinworm, whipworm, common roundworm, common hookworm, and two other products, all acquired by Impax in its acquisition of Tower Holdings, Inc. (“ Tower ”) and its subsidiaries on March 9, 2015 (the “ Tower Acquisition ”). In November 2015, the European Commission granted marketing authorization for Numient ® (referred to as Rytary ® in the United States). The review of the Numient ® application was conducted under the centralized licensing procedure as a therapeutic innovation, and the authorization is applicable in all 28 member states of the European Union, as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway.
Results of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2016
Overview
The following table sets forth Impax’s summarized, consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

 	  	Year Ended December 31,	 	 	Increase / (Decrease)	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	Dollars	 	 	Percentage	 	
Total revenues	  	$	775,787	 	 	$	824,429	 	 	$	(48,642	) 	 	 	(6	)% 	
Gross profit (loss)	  	 	143,799	 	 	 	(151,102	) 	 	 	294,901	 	 	 	*	 	
(Loss) income from operations	  	 	(402,692	) 	 	 	(494,182	) 	 	 	91,490	 	 	 	(19	)% 	
(Loss) income before income taxes	  	 	(450,961	) 	 	 	(576,325	) 	 	 	125,364	 	 	 	(22	)% 	
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes	  	 	18,326	 	 	 	(104,294	) 	 	 	122,620	 	 	 	*	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 				
Net (loss) income	  	$	(469,287	) 	 	$	(472,031	) 	 	$	2,744	 	 	 	(1	)% 	

*	Percentage exceeds 100%	
 
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Consolidated total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2017 decreased by 6%, or $48.6 million, to $775.8 million compared to $824.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower Impax Generics division product sales. Selling price for existing products decreased consolidated total revenues by 22%, while volumes for existing products increased consolidated total revenues by 14%, in each case compared to the prior year. The decrease in selling price was primarily the result of additional competition during the year ended December 31, 2017 in generic Adderall XR ® , fenofibrate, diclofenac sodium gel, metaxalone and lower prices on epinephrine auto injector, partially offset by volume increases in epinephrine auto injector and Rytary ® . New product launches increased consolidated total revenues by 2% compared to the prior year. Impax currently expects pricing pressures on generic products to continue in the industry at least in the near term. Impax is closely monitoring these developments as they related to Impax’s products, customers and end users.
Revenues from the Impax Generics division for the year ended December 31, 2017 were $549.1 million, a decrease of $57.2 million or 9%, over the prior year. The decrease compared to the prior year period was primarily due to increased competition on diclofenac sodium gel, metaxalone, generic Adderall XR ® and fenofibrate. These decreases were partially offset by increased sales of its epinephrine auto-injector, budesonide and other products Impax acquired as part of Impax’s acquisition of a portfolio of products acquired from Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd. and affiliates of Allergan plc in August 2016 (the “Teva Transaction”) compared to the prior year period.
Revenues from Impax’s Specialty Pharma division for the year ended December 31, 2017 were $226.7 million, an increase of $8.6 million or 4% over the prior year. The increase from the prior year period was primarily due to higher sales of Rytary ® , partially offset by lower sales of Impax’s anthelmintic products franchise and Zomig ® .
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $469.3 million, a decrease in Impax’s loss of $2.7 million compared to a net loss of $472.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The net loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 was due to $289.7 million in intangible asset impairment charges and an approximate $74.1 million fixed assets impairment charge of Impax’s Taiwan manufacturing facility associated with its announced sale of the Taiwan operations. Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2017, revenue from Impax’s generic products decreased due to increased competition and an approximate $48.4 million increase in cost of revenues caused by under-utilization of its plants associated with its restructuring initiatives. Impax’s fiscal year 2016 net loss was driven largely by its $541.6 million asset impairment charges and a $40.3 million reserve recorded as a result of the uncertainty of collection of the receivable due from Turing Pharmaceuticals AG (“Turing”) for reimbursement of Daraprim ® chargebacks and Medicaid rebate liabilities pursuant to an Asset Purchase Agreement between Impax and Turing dated August 7, 2015 (the “Turing APA”).
Of the $289.7 million intangible asset impairment charges Impax incurred during the year ended December 31, 2017, Impax recognized $96.9 million in cost of revenues impairment charges and $192.8 million in in-process research and development impairment charges on its consolidated statement of operations. The impairment charge was attributable to eight currently marketed products and four in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) product rights, the majority of which were acquired as part of the Teva Transaction. For the currently marketed products, the impairment charge was the result of continued significant price and volume erosion during the year ended December 31, 2017, resulting in significantly lower expected future cash flows. The IPR&D impairment was the result of delays in the anticipated product launch and related competition in the market.
 
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Impax Generics
The following table sets forth results of operations for the Impax Generics division for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

 	  	Year Ended December 31,	 	 	Increase / (Decrease)	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	Dollars	 	 	Percentage	 	
Revenues:	  				 				 				 				
Impax Generics sales, net	  	$	549,077	 	 	$	606,320	 	 	$	(57,243	) 	 	 	(9	)% 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 				
Cost of revenues	  	 	454,911	 	 	 	417,316	 	 	 	37,595	 	 	 	9	% 	
Cost of revenues impairment charges	  	 	96,865	 	 	 	464,319	 	 	 	(367,454	) 	 	 	(79	)% 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 				
Gross loss	  	 	(2,699	) 	 	 	(275,315	) 	 	 	272,616	 	 	 	(99	)% 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 				
Operating expenses:	  				 				 				 				
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	28,294	 	 	 	20,508	 	 	 	7,786	 	 	 	38	% 	
Research and development	  	 	63,245	 	 	 	61,980	 	 	 	1,265	 	 	 	2	% 	
In-process research and development impairment charges	  	 	192,809	 	 	 	27,765	 	 	 	165,044	 	 	 	*	 	
Patent litigation expense	  	 	827	 	 	 	829	 	 	 	(2	) 	 	 	—  	% 	
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	  	 	(31,048	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(31,048	) 	 	 	*	 	
Fixed assets impairment charges	  	 	8,380	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	8,380	 	 	 	*	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 				
Total operating expenses	  	 	262,507	 	 	 	111,082	 	 	 	151,425	* 	 				
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 				
Loss from operations	  	$	(265,206	) 	 	$	(386,397	) 	 	$	121,191	 	 	 	(31	)% 	

*	Percentage exceeds 100%	
Revenues
Total revenues for the Impax Generics division for the year ended December 31, 2017 were $549.1 million, a decrease of $57.2 million or 9%, compared to the prior year. The decrease compared to the prior year period was primarily due to increased competition on diclofenac sodium gel, metaxalone, generic Adderall XR ® and fenofibrate. The decreases in revenue related to these products were partially offset by increased sales of Impax’s epinephrine auto-injector, budesonide and other products Impax acquired as part of the Teva Transaction compared to the prior year period.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues was $454.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $37.6 million from the prior year. The increase was due to $22.4 million of higher intangible asset amortization expenses resulting from the Teva Transaction, an increase of $14.4 million of inventory reserves primarily for bad batches and short-dated product, $11.6 million of additional restructuring costs incurred in connection with the closure of Impax’s Middlesex, New Jersey facility and the reduction-in-force of its technical operations group. The additional costs are offset by lower production costs due to increased absorption primarily as a result of restocking of new product launch inventory.
Cost of Revenues Impairment Charges
Cost of revenues impairment charges was $96.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $464.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The $96.9 million of impairment charges for the year ended December 31, 2017 were mostly due to continued price and volume erosion on eight currently marketed products, of which six were acquired in the Teva Transaction without an offsetting increase in customer demand, resulting in significantly lower expected future cash flows. The $464.3 million of impairment charges for the
 
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year ended December 31, 2016 were primarily due to price reductions taken on certain products acquired as part of the Teva Transaction in order to retain key customers.
Gross Loss
Gross loss for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $2.7 million as compared to gross loss of $275.3 million for the prior year. The decrease in gross loss was due primarily to $367.5 million of lower intangible asset impairment charges offset by an increase of $22.4 million intangible asset amortization expenses both relating to assets acquired in the Teva Transaction. The gross loss decrease was also partially offset by continued price erosion due to competition and customer mix along with an increase of $14.4 million of inventory reserves, $11.6 million of additional restructuring costs incurred with the closure of Impax’s Middlesex, New Jersey facility and the reduction-in-force of its technical operations group.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general, and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017 were $28.3 million, as compared to $20.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The $7.8 million increase from the prior year was primarily due to $2.9 million of additional freight costs, $2.8 million of higher supply claims from Impax’s wholesale customers and $2.2 million higher marketing costs.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017 were $63.2 million, as compared to $62.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The $1.2 million increase from the prior year period was primarily due to $3.3 million of higher internal project costs and $0.8 million of employee termination benefits from the closure of the Impax Generic Division’s research and development site in Middlesex, New Jersey partially offset by $3.4 million of lower external development.
In-process Research and Development Impairment Charges
In-process research and development impairment charges were $192.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $27.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The $192.8 million of impairment charges for the year ended December 31, 2017 were due to delays in the anticipated launch of products and marketing rights acquired in the Teva Transaction and associated competition in the market. The $27.8 million of impairment charges for the year ended December 31, 2016 were due to delays in the expected start of commercialization and/or lower pricing amid highly competitive market conditions of certain pipeline products, resulting in lower expected future cash flows.
Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration
During the year ended December 31, 2017, Impax recognized $31.0 million of income on the change in the fair value of contingent consideration, compared to a minimal change in fair value of contingent consideration recognized during the prior year. Impax is required under the Termination Agreement entered into as a part of the Teva Transaction with Teva to make certain milestone payments to Teva associated with its methylphenidate hydrochloride (generic Concerta ® ) product. Impax conducted a review of the underlying inputs and assumptions at December 31, 2017, and based on timing and probability of the product launch, and corresponding number of competitors expected to be in the market at both launch and the one-year anniversary of launch, Impax concluded that the fair value of its contingent consideration was $0.
Fixed Assets Impairment Charges
The fixed assets impairment charges recognized during the year ended December 31, 2017 were primarily due to the closure of Impax’s Middlesex, New Jersey manufacturing facility; Impax sold the entity which held
 
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the leases to the site to a third party in early 2018. In addition, Impax recognized fixed impairment charges associated with abandoned software. There was no comparable loss in 2016.
Impax Specialty Pharma
The following table sets forth results of operations for the Impax Specialty Pharma division for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

 	  	Year Ended December 31,	 	  	Increase / (Decrease)	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	  	Dollars	 	 	Percentage	 	
Revenues:	  				 				  				 				
Rytary ® , net	  	$	91,637	 	 	$	73,834	 	  	$	17,803	 	 	 	24	% 	
Zomig ® , net	  	 	51,115	 	 	 	53,539	 	  	 	(2,424	) 	 	 	(5	)% 	
All other Specialty Pharma Products, net	  	 	83,958	 	 	 	90,736	 	  	 	(6,778	) 	 	 	(7	)% 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 				
Total revenues	  	 	226,710	 	 	 	218,109	 	  	 	8,601	 	 	 	4	% 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 				
Cost of revenues	  	 	80,212	 	 	 	69,583	 	  	 	10,629	 	 	 	15	% 	
Cost of revenues impairment charges	  	 	—  	 	 	 	24,313	 	  	 	(24,313	) 	 	 	(100	)% 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 				
Gross profit	  	 	146,498	 	 	 	124,213	 	  	 	22,285	 	 	 	18	% 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 				
Operating expenses:	  				 				  				 				
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	67,949	 	 	 	61,448	 	  	 	6,501	 	 	 	11	% 	
Research and development	  	 	17,602	 	 	 	18,486	 	  	 	(884	) 	 	 	(5	)% 	
In-process research and development impairment charges	  	 	—  	 	 	 	25,200	 	  	 	(25,200	) 	 	 	(100	)% 	
Fixed assets impairment charges	  	 	74,128	 	 	 	—  	 	  	 	74,128	 	 	 	*	 	
Patent litigation expense	  	 	4,278	 	 	 	6,990	 	  	 	(2,712	) 	 	 	(39	)% 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 				
Total operating expenses	  	 	163,957	 	 	 	112,124	 	  	 	51,833	 	 	 	46	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 				
(Loss) income from operations	  	$	(17,459	) 	 	$	12,089	 	  	$	(29,548	) 	 	 	*	 	

*	Percentage exceeds 100%	
Revenues
Total revenues for the Impax Specialty Pharma division for the year ended December 31, 2017 were $226.7 million, an increase of $8.6 million or 4% over the prior year. The increase from the prior year period was primarily due to higher sales of Rytary ® , partially offset by lower sales of Impax’s anthelmintic products franchise and Zomig ® .
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues was $80.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, a $10.6 million increase over the prior year. The increase is primarily due to higher sales of Rytary, increase in inventory reserve of $4.6 million and increase in accelerated depreciation expenses of $9.1 million related to Impax’s manufacturing facility located in Taiwan, which it sold in February of 2018. The cost of revenues increase was partially offset by a reduction in amortization of $10.6 million due to impairment of Emverm ® intangible asset in 2016.
Cost of Revenues Impairment Charges
Cost of revenues impairment charges were $24.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, primarily as a result of lower than expected script volume for Emverm ® . There were no comparable charges during 2017.
 
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Gross Profit
Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $146.5 million, or 65% of total revenues, as compared to $124.2 million, or 57% of total revenues, in the prior year. The increase in gross profit was primarily due to higher product sales of Rytary ® during the year ended December 31, 2017 and a reduction in intangible asset impairment charges compared to 2016.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017 were $67.9 million, as compared to $61.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The $6.5 million increase compared to the prior year was primarily due to certain employee termination benefits and higher advertising and promotion costs related to Emverm ® and Zomig ® .
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017 were $17.6 million, as compared to $18.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The $0.9 million decrease compared to the prior year was primarily due to a $2.6 million AstraZeneca reimbursement to us related to the juvenile toxicity study and pediatric study required by the FDA under the Pediatric Research Equity Act for approval of the nasal formulation of Zomig ® for the acute treatment of migraine in pediatric patients ages six through eleven years old pursuant to the terms of the AZ Agreement, as well as reduced expenses related to Impax’s branded initiatives, partially offset by higher spend for its Drug Safety/Pharmacovigilance group of $2.5 million.
In-process Research and Development Impairment Charges
In-process research and development impairment charges were $25.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The impairment charges resulted from management’s decision during the fourth quarter of 2016 to cease development on Impax’s next generation Albenza ® product due to continued difficulties in sourcing the active pharmaceutical ingredient for the product. There were no comparable charges during 2017.
Fixed Assets Impairment Charges
The fixed assets impairment charges recorded during the year ended December 31, 2017 were primarily due to a $74.1 million loss associated with a stock and asset purchase agreement Impax entered into with a third party during the year ended December 31, 2017 pursuant to which Impax agreed to sell Impax Taiwan, including its Taiwan facility.. There was no comparable fixed asset impairment charges recorded in 2016.
Patent Litigation Expenses
Patent litigation expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017 were $4.3 million, as compared to $7.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The $2.7 million higher cost during the prior year was primarily due to patent litigation activity related to Zomig ® trial during the third quarter of 2016.
 
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Corporate and Other
The following table sets forth corporate general and administrative expenses, as well as other items of income and expense presented below income or loss from operations for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

 	  	Year Ended December 31,	 	 	Increase / (Decrease)	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	Dollars	 	 	Percentage	 	
General and administrative expenses	  	$	120,027	 	 	$	119,874	 	 	$	153	 	 	 	—  	% 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest expense, net	  	 	(53,412	) 	 	 	(40,419	) 	 	 	(12,993	) 	 	 	32	% 	
Reserve for Turing receivable	  	 	(3,999	) 	 	 	(40,312	) 	 	 	36,313	 	 	 	(90	)% 	
Gain on sale of assets	  	 	17,236	 	 	 	175	 	 	 	17,061	 	 	 	*	 	
Loss on debt extinguishment	  	 	(1,215	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(1,215	) 	 	 	*	 	
Other expense, net	  	 	(6,879	) 	 	 	(1,587	) 	 	 	(5,292	) 	 	 	*	 	
Loss before income taxes	  	 	(168,296	) 	 	 	(202,017	) 	 	 	33,721	 	 	 	(17	)% 	
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes	  	$	18,326	 	 	$	(104,294	) 	 	$	122,620	 	 	 	*	 	

*	Percentage exceeds 100%	
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017 were $120.0 million, as compared to $119.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The $0.1 million increase during 2017 compared to the prior year was primarily due to $8.6 million higher legal expenses compared to the prior year period and $11.7 million integration costs. These higher expenses were largely offset primarily by $5.4 million of lower executive costs, $4.8 million lower share-based compensation costs, $4.3 million of reduction in IT spending, and $1.5 million lower business development spending. The expenses in 2016 also included $3.7 million related to the Teva Transaction, of which there were no comparable charges during year ended December 31, 2017.
Interest Expense, net
Interest expense, net was $53.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, a $13.0 million increase from the prior year. Interest expense for 2017 reflected interest on Impax’s $600.0 million convertible senior notes issued in 2015, interest on its $400.0 million Term Loan with Royal Bank of Canada entered into in the third quarter of 2016 to fund the Teva Transaction, and unused line of credit fees on its Revolving Credit Facility with Royal Bank of Canada entered into in 2016. In contrast, prior year interest expense of $40.4 million reflected interest expense on Impax’s Term Loan with Barclays Bank PLC entered into in connection with the financing of the Tower Acquisition, which was repaid in full on June 30, 2016 using proceeds from the issuance of its $600.0 million convertible senior notes. Refer to “Outstanding Debt Obligations” below for additional information related to Impax’s outstanding convertible notes and credit facilities. Interest income was $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, which was relatively consistent with interest income for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Reserve for Turing Receivable
During the year ended December 31, 2016, Impax recorded a reserve of $40.3 million as a result of the uncertainty of collection of the receivable due from Turing for reimbursement of Daraprim ® chargebacks and Medicaid rebate liabilities, as compared to a net $4.0 million of such charges during the year ended December 31, 2017.
 
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Gain on Sale of Assets
During the year ended December 31, 2017, Impax recognized a $12.5 million gain on the sale of 29 ANDAs and one NDA for non-strategic approved generic products, the vast majority of which products were not marketed, and all acquired as part of the Tower Acquisition, and $4.7 million gain from the sale of the its storage warehouse in Hayward, California.
Loss on Debt Extinguishment
During the year ended December 31, 2017, Impax recognized a $1.2 million loss on debt extinguishment related to the voluntary prepayment of $50.0 million on its Term Loan Facility with Royal Bank of Canada. There was no comparable loss in 2016.
Other Expense, Net
Other expense, net was $6.9 million for year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The expense for the year ended December 31, 2017 was primarily due to legal settlement costs related to its settlement with Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc. on its marketed oxymorphone hydrochloride tablets, which Impax settled in August 2017, and the suit related to the Telephone Consumer Protection Act.
Income Taxes
During the year ended December 31, 2017, Impax recorded an aggregate tax provision of $18.3 million for U.S. domestic income taxes and foreign income taxes, an increase of $122.6 million compared to an aggregate tax benefit of $104.3 million Impax recorded during the prior year. The effective tax rate decreased to (4.1)% for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to 18.1% for the year ended December 31, 2016.
The effective income tax rate was (4.1)% for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, and reflected the increase in valuation allowance of $77.1 million against net deferred tax assets. Based on an evaluation of both the positive and negative evidence available, as discussed below, Impax determined that it was necessary to establish a valuation allowance against all of its net deferred tax assets for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.
A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. When determining the amount of net deferred tax assets that are more likely than not to be realized, Impax assess all available positive and negative evidence. This evidence includes, but is not limited to, scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, prior earnings history, projected future earnings, carry-back and carry-forward periods and the feasibility of ongoing tax strategies that could potentially enhance the likelihood of the realization of a deferred tax asset. The weight given to the positive and negative evidence is commensurate with the extent the evidence may be objectively verified. As such, it is generally difficult for positive evidence regarding projected future taxable income (exclusive of reversing taxable temporary differences and carryforwards) to outweigh objective negative evidence of a recent financial reporting loss for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Based on these criteria and the relative weighting of both the positive and negative evidence available, and in particular the activity surrounding its prior earnings history, including the intangible impairments charges recognized during 2017, Impax determined that it was necessary to establish a valuation allowance against all of its net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2017. Given the objectively verifiable negative evidence of a three-year cumulative loss which, under the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 740 is a significant element of negative evidence that is difficult to overcome, and the weighting of all available positive evidence, Impax excluded projected taxable income from the assessment of income that could be used as a source of taxable income to realize the deferred tax assets.
 
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Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2015
Overview
The following table sets forth Impax’s summarized, consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

 	  	Year Ended December 31,	 	  	Increase / (Decrease)	 	
 	  	2016	 	 	2015	 	  	Dollars	 	 	Percentage	 	
Total revenues	  	$	824,429	 	 	$	860,469	 	  	$	(36,040	) 	 	 	(4	)% 	
Gross (loss) profit	  	 	(151,102	) 	 	 	352,404	 	  	 	(503,506	) 	 	 	*	 	
(Loss) income from operations	  	 	(494,182	) 	 	 	69,568	 	  	 	(563,750	) 	 	 	*	 	
(Loss) income before income taxes	  	 	(576,325	) 	 	 	59,368	 	  	 	(635,693	) 	 	 	*	 	
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes	  	 	(104,294	) 	 	 	20,371	 	  	 	(124,665	) 	 	 	*	 	
Net (loss) income	  	$	(472,031	) 	 	$	38,997	 	  	$	(511,028	) 	 	 	*	 	

*	Percentage exceeds 100%	
Consolidated total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016 decreased by 4%, or $36.1 million, to $824.4 million compared to $860.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower Impax Generics division product sales, partially offset by higher Impax Specialty Pharma division product sales. Selling price for existing products decreased consolidated total revenues by 16%, while volumes for existing products increased consolidated total revenues by 2%, in each case compared to the prior year. New product launches, including those resulting from acquisitions, increased consolidated total revenues by 9% compared to the prior year.
Revenues from the Impax Generics division decreased by $104.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2016, as compared to the prior year. This decrease was primarily due to lower selling prices across a majority of the products in the division, partially offset by higher sales volumes, including those resulting from product acquisitions. The products that experienced significant declines in selling price during the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the prior year included diclofenac sodium gel, metaxalone, generic Adderall XR ® , and fenofibrate family products. In connection with the pricing declines, Impax recorded $15.0 million in shelf-stock adjustments related to diclofenac sodium gel and metaxalone during 2016. Partially offsetting these pricing declines were price and volume increases of certain products compared to 2015 primarily related to Impax’s epinephrine auto-injector and oxymorphone products.
Revenues from the Impax Specialty Pharma division increased by $68.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2016, as compared to the prior year. The increase was primarily due to higher selling prices and higher sales volumes across a majority of the products in the division including Zomig ® , Rytary ® , which launched in April 2015, and Impax’s anthelmintic products franchise.
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $472.0 million, a decrease of $511.0 million compared to net income of $39.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The net loss for the year ended December 31, 2016 was primarily driven by $541.6 million in intangible asset impairment charges, as compared to $13.7 million of such charges in the prior year, as well as a $40.3 million reserve recorded as a result of the uncertainty of collection of the receivable due from Turing for reimbursement of Daraprim ® chargebacks and Medicaid rebate liabilities. Included in Impax’s 2015 results was a $45.6 million gain related to the sale of Daraprim ® to Turing, for which there was no comparable gain in 2016.
Of the $541.6 million in intangible asset impairment charges Impax incurred in 2016, $308.4 million of such charges related to certain intangible assets acquired as part of the Teva Transaction. Upon closing the Teva Transaction on August 3, 2016, Impax initiated the process of transferring and securing Teva’s and Allergan’s customers for the acquired products to its account. Impax assumed certain price concessions would occur
 
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following the closing. However, Impax elected to take additional price reductions on certain of the acquired products in order to retain key customers. These reductions produced significantly lower than expected operating cash flows from the acquired product lines and triggered an impairment charge of $251.0 million during the third quarter of 2016. Impax experienced even further price reductions on certain of the products acquired in the Teva Transaction during the fourth quarter of 2016, which resulted in $57.4 million of additional intangible asset impairment charges. In total, Impax’s impairment analyses for the products acquired in the Teva Transaction resulted in the recognition of $308.4 million of non-cash impairment charges to earnings, comprised of a $301.7 million charge recorded in cost of revenues impairment charges and a $6.7 million charge recorded in-process research and development impairment charges in its consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2016.
During 2016, Impax also incurred other non-cash impairment charges on certain of its intangible assets, primarily related to the products acquired from the Tower Acquisition, totaling $233.2 million. These impairment charges arose primarily due to increased competition, price degradation, product discontinuations and delays in expected product launches. The largest intangible asset impairment charge related to products acquired in the Tower Acquisition was for Impax’s epinephrine auto-injector product, which occurred during the fourth quarter of 2016 and accounted for more than half of the $233.2 million in charges. The impairment charge on the epinephrine auto-injector product was triggered by current and projected price degradation as a result of unexpected changes in the pricing environment and additional competition.
Impax Generics
The following table sets forth results of operations for the Impax Generics division for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

 	  	Year Ended December 31,	 	  	Increase / (Decrease)	 	
 	  	2016	 	 	2015	 	  	Dollars	 	 	Percentage	 	
Revenues:	  				 				  				 				
Impax Generics sales, net	  	$	591,744	 	 	$	699,844	 	  	$	(108,100	) 	 	 	(15	)% 	
Rx Partner	  	 	14,339	 	 	 	9,307	 	  	 	5,032	 	 	 	54	% 	
Other Revenues	  	 	237	 	 	 	1,781	 	  	 	(1,544	) 	 	 	(87	)% 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 				
Total revenues	  	 	606,320	 	 	 	710,932	 	  	 	(104,612	) 	 	 	(15	)% 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 				
Cost of revenues	  	 	417,316	 	 	 	442,742	 	  	 	(25,426	) 	 	 	(6	)% 	
Cost of revenues impairment charges	  	 	464,319	 	 	 	7,303	 	  	 	457,016	 	 	 	*	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 				
Gross (loss) profit	  	 	(275,315	) 	 	 	260,887	 	  	 	(536,202	) 	 	 	*	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 				
Operating expenses:	  				 				  				 				
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	20,508	 	 	 	29,641	 	  	 	(9,133	) 	 	 	(31	)% 	
Research and development	  	 	61,980	 	 	 	52,478	 	  	 	9,502	 	 	 	18	% 	
In-process research and development impairment charges	  	 	27,765	 	 	 	6,360	 	  	 	21,405	 	 	 	*	 	
Patent litigation expense	  	 	829	 	 	 	2,942	 	  	 	(2,113	) 	 	 	(72	)% 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 				
Total operating expenses	  	 	111,082	 	 	 	91,421	 	  	 	19,661	 	 	 	22	% 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 				
(Loss) income from operations	  	$	(386,397	) 	 	$	169,466	 	  	$	(555,863	) 	 	 	*	 	

*	Percentage exceeds 100%	
Revenues
Total revenues for the Impax Generics division for the year ended December 31, 2016 were $606.3 million, a decrease of $104.6 million or 15%, over the prior year. The decrease was primarily due to increased
 
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competition on diclofenac sodium gel, metaxalone, and fenofibrate, coupled with lower market share for generic Adderall XR ® during the first half of 2016, in each case compared to the prior year. These decreases were partially offset by increased sales of oxymorphone, increased sales of epinephrine auto-injector, which was acquired as part of the Tower Acquisition in March 2015, and sales of the products acquired as part of the Teva Transaction in August 2016, in each case compared to the prior year. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2016, Impax recorded a $15.0 million shelf-stock adjustment related to diclofenac sodium gel and metaxalone as a result of declining prices during 2016, for which there was no comparable charge in the prior year.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues was $417.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $25.4 million from the prior year. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower costs related to decreased product revenue compared to the prior year and the absence of costs related to (i) the step-up to fair value of inventory in connection with the Tower Acquisition, (ii) Hayward remediation activities and (iii) the Philadelphia restructuring, which were all incurred in the prior year but for which Impax did not incur comparable costs in 2016. The reduced costs during 2016 compared to the prior year were partially offset by higher intangible asset amortization expenses resulting from the Teva Transaction and a full year of amortization expense related to products acquired in the Tower Acquisition, along with higher restructuring costs incurred in conjunction with the previously announced closure of the Middlesex, New Jersey facility.
Cost of Revenues Impairment Charges
Cost of revenues impairment charges was $464.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, a $457.0 million increase over the prior year. Of this increase, $301.7 million related to impairments recognized on certain intangible assets acquired as part of the Teva Transaction. As discussed above, Impax assumed certain price concessions would occur following the closing of the Teva Transaction on August 3, 2016. However, Impax elected to take additional price reductions on certain of the acquired products in order to retain key customers. These reductions produced significantly lower than expected operating cash flows from the acquired product lines and triggered an impairment charge of $248.0 million during the third quarter of 2016. Impax experienced even further price reductions on certain of the products acquired in the Teva Transaction during the fourth quarter of 2016, which resulted in $53.7 million of additional intangible asset impairment charges recorded in cost of revenues impairment charges.
During 2016, Impax also incurred other non-cash impairment charges recorded to cost of revenues impairment charges on certain of its intangible assets, primarily related to the products acquired from the Tower Acquisition, totaling $162.6 million. These impairment charges arose primarily due to increased competition, price degradation, and product discontinuations. The largest intangible asset impairment charge related to the products acquired in the Tower Acquisition was on Impax’s epinephrine auto-injector product, which occurred during the fourth quarter of 2016. The impairment charge on the epinephrine auto-injector product was triggered by current and projected price degradation as a result of changes in the pricing environment and additional competition.
Gross (Loss) Profit
Gross (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2016 was ($275.3) million, or 45% of total revenues, as compared to gross profit of $260.9 million, or 37% of total revenues, for the prior year. The decreases in gross profit and gross margin were primarily due to intangible asset impairment charges, lower product sales, higher shelf-stock adjustments, increased intangibles amortization, and increased restructuring costs, as noted above. These decreases were partially offset by the absence of remediation costs related to the Hayward facility and the absence of restructuring costs related to the Philadelphia facility in 2016, both incurred in 2015.
 
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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general, and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 were $20.5 million, as compared to $29.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The $9.1 million decrease from the prior year was primarily attributable to a decrease in failure to supply claims during 2016.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 were $62.0 million, as compared to $52.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The $9.5 million increase from the prior year was primarily due to an increase in external development costs from increased research and development activities and a full year of research and development expenses from the Tower acquired companies.
In-process Research and Development Impairment Charges
In-process research and development impairment charges were $27.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of $21.4 million from the prior year. The 2016 impairment charges included $21.1 million related to products acquired as part of the Tower Acquisition and caused primarily due to delays in the expected start of commercialization and/or lower anticipated pricing of such products amid highly competitive market conditions, resulting in lower forecasted future cash flows. There were $6.4 million of similar charges recorded in the prior year. In addition, the 2016 impairment charges included $6.7 million related to products acquired as part of the Teva Transaction and caused by lower anticipated pricing amid highly competitive market conditions, resulting in lower forecasted future cash flows.
Patent Litigation Expenses
Patent litigation expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 were $0.8 million, as compared to $2.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The $2.1 million decrease was due to reduced legal activity in 2016 compared to the prior year.
Impax Specialty Pharma
The following table sets forth results of operations for the Impax Specialty Pharma division for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

 	  	Year Ended December 31,	 	  	Increase / (Decrease)	 	
 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	  	Dollars	 	 	Percentage	 	
Revenues:	  				  				  				 				
Rytary ® , net	  	$	73,834	 	  	$	42,364	 	  	$	31,470	 	 	 	74	% 	
Zomig ® , net	  	 	53,539	 	  	 	49,251	 	  	 	4,288	 	 	 	9	% 	
All other Specialty Pharma Products, net	  	 	90,736	 	  	 	57,922	 	  	 	32,814	 	 	 	57	% 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 				
Total revenues	  	 	218,109	 	  	 	149,537	 	  	 	68,572	 	 	 	46	% 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 				
Cost of revenues	  	 	69,583	 	  	 	58,020	 	  	 	11,563	 	 	 	20	% 	
Cost of revenues impairment charges	  	 	24,313	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	24,313	 	 	 	*	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 				
Gross profit	  	 	124,213	 	  	 	91,517	 	  	 	32,696	 	 	 	36	% 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 				
Operating expenses:	  				  				  				 				
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	61,448	 	  	 	52,427	 	  	 	9,021	 	 	 	17	% 	
Research and development	  	 	18,486	 	  	 	18,144	 	  	 	342	 	 	 	2	% 	
In-process research and development impairment charges	  	 	25,200	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	25,200	 	 	 	*	 	
Patent litigation expense	  	 	6,990	 	  	 	1,625	 	  	 	5,365	 	 	 	*	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 				
Total operating expenses	  	 	112,124	 	  	 	72,196	 	  	 	39,928	 	 	 	55	% 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 				
Income from operations	  	$	12,089	 	  	$	19,321	 	  	$	(7,232	) 	 	 	(37	)% 	

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*	Percentage exceeds 100%	
Revenues
Total revenues for the Impax Specialty Pharma division for the year ended December 31, 2016 were $218.1 million, an increase of $68.6 million or 46% over the prior year. The increase was primarily due to increased sales from Rytary ® , which Impax launched in April 2015, and increased revenues resulting from the Tower Acquisition, including sales from its anthelmintic products franchise.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues was $69.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, an $11.6 million increase over the prior year. The increase was primarily due to higher costs related to increased product sales and a full year of amortization expense related to products acquired in the Tower Acquisition. Additionally, cost of revenues for the prior year included a $5.4 million step-up to fair value of inventory charge in connection with the Tower Acquisition, for which there was no comparable charge in 2016.
Cost of Revenues Impairment Charges
Cost of revenues impairment charges were $24.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. There were no comparable charges during the prior year. The impairment charge was primarily the result of lower than expected script volume for Emverm ® .
Gross Profit
Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $124.2 million, or 57% of total revenues, as compared to $91.5 million, or 61% of total revenues, in the prior year. The increase in gross profit in 2016 compared to the prior year was primarily due to increased product sales and the absence in 2016 of the $5.4 million step-up to fair value of inventory charge in connection with the Tower Acquisition Impax incurred in 2015, partially offset by higher impairment charges during 2016. The decrease in gross margin during the year ended December 31, 2016 was primarily due to lower selling prices on certain products compared to the prior year.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 were $61.4 million, as compared to $52.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The $9.0 million increase during the year ended December 31, 2016 was primarily due to expenses related to the sales force expansion to support sales and marketing activities for Rytary ® and increased advertising and promotion expenses to support the launch of Emverm ® and the new indication of Zomig ® nasal spray for pediatric patients approved by the FDA in June 2015. The increase in expenses during 2016 was partially offset by training expenses incurred during the year ended December 31, 2015 to support the launch of Rytary ® .
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 were $18.5 million, as compared to $18.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The $0.4 million increase compared to the prior year was primarily due to increased research and development activities related to Impax’s branded initiatives.
 
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In-process Research and Development Impairment Charges
In-process research and development impairment charges were $25.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. There were no comparable charges during the prior year. The impairment charges resulted from management’s decision during the fourth quarter of 2016 to cease development on Impax’s next generation Albenza ® product due to continued difficulties in sourcing the active pharmaceutical ingredient for the product.
Patent Litigation Expenses
Patent litigation expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 were $7.0 million, as compared to $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The $5.4 million increase during 2016 compared to the prior year was due to increased patent litigation activity in 2016.
Corporate and Other
The following table sets forth corporate general and administrative expenses, as well as other items of income and expense presented below income from operations for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

 	  	Year Ended December 31,	 	 	Increase / (Decrease)	 	
 	  	2016	 	 	2015	 	 	Dollars	 	 	Percentage	 	
General and administrative expenses	  	$	119,874	 	 	$	119,219	 	 	$	655	 	 	 	1	% 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 				
Interest expense, net	  	 	(40,419	) 	 	 	(26,226	) 	 	 	(14,193	) 	 	 	54	% 	
Reserve for Turing receivable	  	 	(40,312	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(40,312	) 	 	 	*	 	
Gain on sale of asset	  	 	—  	 	 	 	45,574	 	 	 	(45,574	) 	 	 	*	 	
Loss on debt extinguishment	  	 	—  	 	 	 	(16,903	) 	 	 	16,903	 	 	 	*	 	
Net change in fair value of derivatives	  	 	—  	 	 	 	(13,000	) 	 	 	13,000	 	 	 	*	 	
Other (expense) income, net	  	 	(1,412	) 	 	 	355	 	 	 	(1,767	) 	 	 	*	 	
Loss before income taxes	  	 	(202,017	) 	 	 	(129,419	) 	 	 	(72,598	) 	 	 	56	% 	
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes	  	$	(104,294	) 	 	$	20,371	 	 	$	(124,665	) 	 	 	*	 	

*	Percentage exceeds 100%	
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 were $119.9 million, as compared to $119.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The $0.7 million increase during 2016 compared to the prior year was primarily due to costs recognized in 2016 related to the separation of G. Frederick Wilkinson as Impax’s President and Chief Executive Officer in December 2016 and higher legal expenses compared to the prior year, partially offset by lower transaction and integration expenses related to strategic transactions during 2016 as compared to the transaction and integration expenses incurred related to the Tower Acquisition during the prior year.
Interest Expense, net
Interest expense, net was $40.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, a $14.2 million increase from the prior year. Interest expense for 2016 reflected interest on Impax’s $600.0 million convertible senior notes issued in 2015, interest on its $400.0 million Term Loan with Royal Bank of Canada entered into in 2016 to fund the Teva Transaction, and unused line of credit fees on its Revolving Credit Facility with Royal Bank of Canada entered into in 2016. In contrast, prior year interest expense of $27.3 million reflected interest expense on Impax’s Term Loan with Barclays Bank PLC entered into in connection with the financing of the Tower Acquisition, which was repaid in full on June 30, 2016 using proceeds from the issuance of its $600.0 million
 
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senior notes. Refer to “Outstanding Debt Obligations” below for additional information related to Impax’s outstanding convertible notes and credit facilities. Interest income was $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, which was relatively consistent with interest income for the year ended December 31, 2015.
Reserve for Turing Receivable
During the year ended December 31, 2016, Impax recorded a reserve of $40.3 million, representing the amount of the estimated receivable due from Turing for reimbursement of Daraprim ® chargebacks and Medicaid rebate liabilities. Impax received $7.7 million in payments from Turing during the fourth quarter of 2016, which reduced the reserve balance of $48.0 million as of September 30, 2016 to the reserve balance of $40.3 million as of December 31, 2016.
Gain on Sale of Asset
During the year ended December 31, 2015, Impax recognized a $45.6 million gain on the sale of its right to Daraprim ® . There was no comparable gain in 2016.
Loss on Debt Extinguishment
During the year ended December 31, 2015, Impax recognized a $16.9 million loss on debt extinguishment related to the repayment of its $435.0 million term loan with Barclays Bank PLC. There was no comparable loss in 2016.
Net Change in Fair Value of Derivatives
During the year ended December 31, 2015, Impax recognized a $13.0 million expense as the net change in the fair value of its derivative instruments entered into in conjunction with its convertible senior notes due 2022. This expense resulted from the change in its stock price from June 30, 2015 to December 31, 2015. A third party valuation firm with expertise in valuing financial instruments was engaged to determine the fair value of Impax’s bond hedge derivative asset and conversion option derivative liability at each reporting period. There was no comparable change in the fair value of derivatives during 2016.
Other (Expense) Income, Net
Other expense, net was $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, a $1.8 million increase from the prior year. The increase was primarily due to the change in the fair value of the contingent consideration due to Teva pursuant to the Termination Agreement with Teva whereby Teva returned to us Impax’s full commercial rights to its then pending ANDA for methylphenidate hydrochloride and due to an increase in fixed asset impairments over the prior year.
Income Taxes
During the year ended December 31, 2016, Impax recorded an aggregate tax benefit of $104.3 million for U.S. domestic income taxes and for foreign income taxes, a decrease of $124.7 million compared to an aggregate tax provision of $20.4 million Impax recorded during the prior year. The decrease in the tax provision during 2016 compared to the prior year resulted from lower income before taxes in the year ended December 31, 2016. The effective tax rate decreased to 18.1% for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to 34.3% for the year ended December 31, 2015.
The effective income tax rate was 18.1% for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, and reflected the establishment of a valuation allowance of $108.8 million against net deferred tax assets. Based on an evaluation of both the positive and negative evidence available, as discussed below, Impax determined that it was necessary to establish a valuation allowance against a significant portion of its net deferred tax assets for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.
 
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A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. When determining the amount of net deferred tax assets that are more likely than not to be realized, Impax assesses all available positive and negative evidence. This evidence includes, but is not limited to, scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, prior earnings history, projected future earnings, carry-back and carry-forward periods and the feasibility of ongoing tax strategies that could potentially enhance the likelihood of the realization of a deferred tax asset. The weight given to the positive and negative evidence is commensurate with the extent the evidence may be objectively verified. As such, it is generally difficult for positive evidence regarding projected future taxable income (exclusive of reversing taxable temporary differences and carryforwards) to outweigh objective negative evidence of a recent financial reporting loss for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Based on these criteria and the relative weighting of both the positive and negative evidence available, and in particular the activity surrounding its prior earnings history, including the intangible impairments charges recognized during 2016, Impax determined that it was necessary to establish a valuation allowance against a significant portion of its net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2016. Given the objectively verifiable negative evidence of a three-year cumulative loss which, under the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 740 is a significant element of negative evidence that is difficult to overcome, and the weighting of all available positive evidence, Impax excluded projected taxable income from the assessment of income that could be used as a source of taxable income to realize the deferred tax assets.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Impax generally funds its operations with cash from operating activities, although Impax hasalso funded its operations with proceeds from the sale of debt and equity securities. Impax’s cash flows from operating activities consist primarily of the proceeds from sales of its products and services.
Impax expects to incur significant operating expenses, including research and development and patent litigation expenses, for the foreseeable future. In addition, Impax is generally required to make cash expenditures to manufacture and/or acquire finished product inventory in advance of selling the finished product to its customers and collecting payment, which may result in a significant use of cash. Impax believes its existing cash and cash equivalents, together with cash expected to be generated from operations and its revolving line of credit facility, will be sufficient to meet its financing requirements through the next 12 months. Impax may, however, seek additional financing through alliance, collaboration, and licensing agreements, as well as from the debt and equity capital markets, to fund capital expenditures, research and development plans, potential acquisitions, and potential revenue shortfalls due to delays in new product introductions or otherwise. Impax cannot be assured that such financing will be available on favorable terms, or at all.
Cash Flows—Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2016
Net cash provided by operations increased by $0.4 million to $84.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, from $83.8 million for year ended December 31, 2016. Impax’s cash flows are impacted by its underlying results from operations and related timing of cash receipts and cash disbursements. For the year ended December 31, 2017, while Impax experienced reduced operating results, its working capital management improved in 2017, most notably with inventory and payables.
Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $9.7 million, a decrease of $617.4 million compared to $627.1 million in the prior year. In 2017, net cash used in investing activities primarily consisted of a $26.7 million for capital expenditures partially offset by proceeds from the sale of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment of $21.5 million. In 2016, net cash used in investing activities primarily consisted of a $585.8 million payment to fund the Teva Transaction. Increased capital expenditures in 2016 were partially offset by proceeds from the repayment by Tolmar of the outstanding $15.0 million balance due to us under Impax’s loan and security agreement with Tolmar pursuant to which provided to Tolmar one or more loans in an aggregate amount not to exceed $15.0 million (the “Tolmar Loan Agreement”).
 
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Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $73.7 million, representing a decrease of $456.2 million as compared to $382.5 million net cash provided by financing activities in the prior year. In 2017, $70.0 million of principal payments were made on the $400.0 million of proceeds from the term loan entered into with Royal Bank of Canada to finance the Teva Transaction in 2016. In 2016, net cash provided by financing activities primarily consisted of $400.0 million of proceeds from the term loan entered into with Royal Bank of Canada to finance the Teva Transaction.
Cash Flows—Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2015
Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $83.9 million, a decrease of $8.6 million as compared to the prior year $92.5 million net cash provided by operating activities. While the 2016 cash flows from operations were relatively stable compared to 2015, there were some large variations in the line items. Impax’s lower net income during 2016 was more than offset by higher non-cash items. Significant changes in non-cash items during 2016 included higher depreciation and amortization resulting from acquisition activity, non-cash interest expense, intangible asset impairment charges, and the reserve related to the receivable from Turing. Working capital items also experienced significant changes in 2016 compared to the prior year as increased cash flow from accounts receivable collections were more than offset by higher cash outflows related to profit sharing payments, higher inventory in support of product launches as well as lower cash inflows from accounts payable and accrued expenses largely related to payments made on behalf of Turing.
Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $627.1 million, an increase of $159.6 million compared to $467.5 million in the prior year. In 2016, net cash used in investing activities primarily consisted of a $585.8 million payment to fund the Teva Transaction. Increased capital expenditures in 2016 were partially offset by proceeds from the repayment by Tolmar of the outstanding $15.0 million balance due to us under the Tolmar Loan Agreement. Net cash used in investing activities for the prior year included a $691.3 million payment to fund the Tower Acquisition, partially offset by $200.1 million from the maturity of investments and $59.5 million in proceeds from the sale to Turing of Impax’s rights to Daraprim ® , both of which had no similar activity during 2016.
Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $382.5 million, representing a decrease of $118.4 million as compared to $500.9 million in the prior year. In 2016, net cash provided by financing activities primarily consisted of $400.0 million of proceeds from the term loan entered into with Royal Bank of Canada to finance the Teva Transaction. In contrast, prior year net cash provided by financing activities included $600.0 million from the issuance of convertible notes and $88.3 million from the sale of warrants, offset by the payment of $147.0 million to purchase the bond hedge derivative asset, for which similar activity did not occur during 2016.
Commitments and Contractual Obligations
Impax’s contractual obligations as of December 31, 2017 were as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Payments Due by Period	 	
Contractual Obligations	  	Total	 	  	Less Than
1 Year	 	  	1-3 Years	 	  	3-5 Years	 	  	More Than
5 Years	 	
Open Purchase Order Commitments	  	$	108,071	 	  	$	108,071	 	  	$	—  	 	  	$	—  	 	  	$	—  	 	
Operating Leases (a)	  	 	28,142	 	  	 	5,575	 	  	 	6,318	 	  	 	5,136	 	  	 	11,113	 	
Long-term debt obligations	  	 	925,000	 	  	 	20,000	 	  	 	305,000	 	  	 	600,000	 	  	 	—  	 	
Interest payments on long-term debt obligations (b)	  	 	112,852	 	  	 	29,286	 	  	 	77,566	 	  	 	6,000	 	  	 	—  	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total (c)	  	$	1,174,065	 	  	$	162,932	 	  	$	388,884	 	  	$	611,136	 	  	$	11,113	 	

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(a)	Impax leases office, warehouse, and laboratory facilities under non-cancelable operating leases with expiration dates through December 2027. Impax also leases certain equipment under various non-cancelable operating leases with various expiration dates through July 2022.	
(b)	Interest on existing debt obligations was calculated based on applicable rates at December 31, 2017.	
(c)	Liabilities for uncertain tax positions FASB ASC Topic 740, Sub-topic 10, were excluded as Impax is not able to make a reasonably reliable estimate of the amount and period of related future payments. As of December 31, 2017, Impax had a $3.5 million provision for uncertain tax positions.	
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Impax did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.
Outstanding Debt Obligations
Royal Bank of Canada Credit Facilities
On August 3, 2016, Impax entered into a restatement agreement with Royal Bank of Canada, as administrative agent, and the lenders and guarantors party thereto (the “Restatement Agreement”). The Restatement Agreement amends and restates the existing Revolving Credit Facility Agreement (as amended and restated and amended to date, the “Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”) to, among other things, (i) add a term loan feature to allow for the borrowing of up to $400.0 million of term loans (the “Term Loan Facility”) by us in accordance with the terms of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, (ii) increase the aggregate principal amount of revolving loans permitted under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Revolving Credit Facility,” and, together with the Term Loan Facility, the “RBC Credit Facilities”), from $100.0 million to $200.0 million and (iii) extend the maturity date of the Revolving Credit Facility from August 4, 2020 to August 3, 2021. On March 27, 2017, Impax entered into Amendment No. 1 by and among us, Royal Bank of Canada, as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto (the “Amendment”) to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.
Borrowings under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement will accrue interest at a rate equal to LIBOR or the base rate, plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin may be increased or reduced by 0.25% based on Impax’s total net leverage ratio. Up to $12.5 million of the Revolving Credit Facility is available for issuance of letters of credit and any such letters of credit will reduce the amount available under the Revolving Credit Facility on a dollar-for-dollar basis. Impax is required to pay a commitment fee to the lenders on the average daily unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility at 0.50% or 0.375% per annum, depending its total net leverage ratio.
The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contains certain negative covenants (subject to exceptions, materiality thresholds and other allowances) including, without limitation, negative covenants that limit Impax’s and its restricted subsidiaries’ ability to incur additional debt, guarantee other obligations, grant liens on assets, make loans, acquisitions or other investments, dispose of assets, make optional payments in connection with or modify certain debt instruments, pay dividends or make other payments on capital stock, engage in mergers or consolidations, enter into arrangements that restrict Impax’s and its restricted subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends or grant liens, engage in transactions with affiliates, or change its fiscal year. Prior to the effective date of the Amendment on March 27, 2017 the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement also included a financial maintenance covenant whereby Impax must not permit its total net leverage ratio in any 12-month period to exceed 5.00:1.00, as tested at the end of each fiscal quarter. Effective as of March 27, 2017 and pursuant to Amendment, the total net leverage ratio financial covenant was replaced with a senior secured net leverage ratio financial covenant. Pursuant to the Amendment, Impax must not permit its senior secured net leverage ratio to exceed 2.50:1.00 and its interest coverage ratio to be less than 3.00:1.00, in each case in any 12-month period, as tested at the end of each fiscal quarter. Impax were in compliance with all of its covenants under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2017.
 
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The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contains events of default, including, without limitation (subject to customary grace periods and materiality thresholds), events of default upon (i) the failure to make payments pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, (ii) violation of covenants, (iii) incorrectness of representations and warranties, (iv) cross-default and cross-acceleration to other material indebtedness, (v) bankruptcy events, (vi) material monetary judgments (to the extent not covered by insurance), (vii) certain matters arising under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, that could reasonably be expected to result in a material adverse effect, (viii) the actual or asserted invalidity of the documents governing the RBC Credit Facilities, any material guarantees or the security interests (including priority thereof) required under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and (ix) the occurrence of a change of control (as defined therein). Upon the occurrence of certain events of default, the obligations under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement may be accelerated and any remaining commitments thereunder may be terminated.
The full amount of the proceeds from the Term Loan Facility of $400.0 million, along with $196.4 million of cash were used to finance the Teva Transaction, including transaction fees, on its closing date of August 3, 2016. As of December 31, 2017, the full amount of the $200.0 million Revolving Credit Facility remains available to us for working capital and other general corporate purposes.
In connection with the Term Loan Facility, Impax incurred $11.0 million of debt issuance costs for banking, legal and accounting fees and other expenses during the third quarter of 2016. In connection with the Amendment, Impax incurred $0.8 million of debt issuance costs for banking fees during the first quarter of 2017. These debt issuance costs were recorded on Impax’s consolidated balance sheet as a reduction to the current and long-term portions of debt related to the Term Loan Facility. These deferred debt issuance costs will be accreted to interest expense over the term of the debt using the effective interest method. In connection with the increase in the aggregate principal amount of revolving loans permitted under the Revolving Credit Facility, Impax incurred $0.8 million of debt issuance costs for banking fees which were recorded as an asset with current and long-term portions on its consolidated balance sheet. These deferred debt issuance costs, in addition to the $0.3 million balance remaining from the initial balance remaining from the initial $100.0 million revolving credit facility, will be amortized to interest expense over the term of the Revolving Credit Facility using the straight-line method.
For the year ended December 31, 2017, Impax recognized $17.7 million of interest expense related to the Term Loan Facility, of which $15.5 million was cash and $2.2 million was non-cash accretion of the debt discount recorded for deferred debt issuance costs. For the period of August 3, 2016 through December 31, 2016, Impax recognized $6.9 million of interest expense related to the Term Loan Facility, of which $6.0 million was cash and $0.9 million was non-cash accretion of debt discounts recorded for deferred debt issuance costs. As of December 31, 2017, the Term Loan Facility had a carrying value of $317.5 million, of which $17.8 million is classified as current debt and $299.7 million is classified as long-term debt on Impax’s consolidated balance sheet. The Term Loan Facility requires us to make quarterly principal payments of $5.0 million beginning from December 2016 through June 2021, and the remaining principal balance is payable in August 2021. As of December 31, 2017, the outstanding principal amount for the Term Loan Facility was $325.0 million.
Loss on Early Extinguishment of Debt—Voluntary Prepayment of $50.0 Million of Principal—RBC Term Loan Facility
On February 28, 2017, Impax made a voluntary prepayment in the amount of $50.3 million under its Term Loan Facility representing $50.0 million of principal amount and $0.3 million of accrued interest thereon. As a result of the voluntary prepayment, for the quarter ended March 31, 2017, Impax recorded a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $1.2 million to write-off a pro rated portion of the related unaccreted debt issuance costs.
 
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2% Convertible Senior Notes due June 2022
On June 30, 2015, Impax issued an aggregate principal amount of $600.0 million of 2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due June 2022 (the “Notes”) in a private placement offering, which are its senior unsecured obligations. The Notes were issued pursuant to an Indenture dated June 30, 2015 (the “Indenture”) between us and Wilmington Trust, N.A., as trustee. The Indenture includes customary covenants and sets forth certain events of default after which the Notes may be due and payable immediately. The Notes will mature on June 15, 2022, unless earlier redeemed, repurchased or converted. The Notes bear interest at a rate of 2.00% per year, and interest is payable semiannually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on December 15, 2015.
The conversion rate for the Notes is initially set at 15.7858 shares per $1,000 of principal amount, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of $63.35 per share of Impax’s common stock. If a Make-Whole Fundamental Change (as defined in the Indenture) occurs or becomes effective prior to the maturity date and a holder elects to convert its Notes in connection with the Make-Whole Fundamental Change, Impax are obligated to increase the conversion rate for the Notes so surrendered by a number of additional shares of its common stock as prescribed in the Indenture. Additionally, the conversion rate is subject to adjustment in the event of an equity restructuring transaction such as a stock dividend, stock split, spinoff, rights offering, or recapitalization through a large, nonrecurring cash dividend (“standard antidilution provisions,” per FASB ASC 815-40, Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (“ASC 815-40”)).
The Notes are convertible at the option of the holders at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding December 15, 2021 only under the following circumstances:
 
 	(i)	If during any calendar quarter commencing after the quarter ending September 30, 2015 (and only during such calendar quarter) the last reported sale price of Impax’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; or	
 
 	(ii)	If during the five business day period after any 10 consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 of principal amount of Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last report sale price of Impax’s common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; or	
 
 	(iii)	Upon the occurrence of corporate events specified in the Indenture.	
On or after December 15, 2021 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, the holders may convert their Notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Impax may satisfy its conversion obligation by paying or delivering, as the case may be, cash, shares of its common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock, at its election and in the manner and subject to the terms and conditions provided in the Indenture.
Concurrently with the offering of the Notes and using a portion of the proceeds from the sale of the Notes, Impax entered into a series of convertible note hedge and warrant transactions (the “Note Hedge Transactions” and “Warrant Transactions”) which are designed to reduce the potential dilution to its stockholders and/or offset the cash payments Impax are required to make in excess of the principal amount upon conversion of the Notes. The Note Hedge Transactions and Warrant Transactions are separate transactions, in each case, entered into by us with a financial institution and are not part of the terms of the Notes. These transactions will not affect any holder’s rights under the Notes, and the holders of the Notes have no rights with respect to the Note Hedge Transactions and Warrant Transactions. See “Note 10. Debt” and “Note 11. Stockholders’ Equity” for additional information.
For the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, Impax recognized $35.5 million and $33.8 million, respectively, of interest expense related to the Notes, of which $12.0 million and $12.0 million,
 
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respectively, was cash and $23.5 million and $21.8 million, respectively, was non-cash accretion of the debt discounts recorded. As the Notes mature in 2022, they have been classified as long-term debt on Impax’s consolidated balance sheets, with a carrying value of $469.9 million and $446.4 million as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Accrued interest payable on the Notes of $0.5 million as of both December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is included in accrued expenses on Impax’s consolidated balance sheets.
On November 6, 2017, Impax entered into a supplemental indenture (the “First Supplemental Indenture”) to the Indenture. The First Supplemental Indenture was entered into to effectuate certain amendments to the Indenture in connection with the consummation of Impax’s consent solicitation with respect to the Notes on October 30, 2017, seeking consents from holders of the Notes to the proposed amendments as set forth in the First Supplemental Indenture.
The First Supplemental Indenture (a) amends a covenant in the Indenture relating to Impax’s corporate existence, (b) allows Impax to satisfy its reporting requirements by providing reports of any parent entity, (c) adds a provision to the Indenture requiring Impax to make and consummate a tender offer for any outstanding notes under the Indenture, and (d) expressly authorizes Impax to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement.
Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates
The preparation of Impax’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission (“SEC”) require the use of estimates and assumptions, based on complex judgments considered reasonable, and affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and contingent liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant judgments are employed in estimates used in determining values of tangible and intangible assets, contingent consideration, legal contingencies, tax assets and tax liabilities, fair value of share-based compensation related to equity incentive awards issued to employees and directors, and estimates used in applying Impax’s revenue recognition policy including those related to accrued chargebacks, rebates, distribution service fees, product returns, Medicare, Medicaid, and other government rebate programs, shelf-stock adjustments, and the timing and amount of deferred and recognized revenue under its several alliance and collaboration agreements. Actual results may differ from estimated results. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the presentation for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Although Impax believes its estimates and assumptions are reasonable when made, they are based upon information available to us at the time they are made. Impax periodically reviews the factors having an influence on its estimates and, if necessary, adjust such estimates. Due to the risks and uncertainties involved in Impax’s business and evolving market conditions, and given the subjective element of the estimates made, actual results may differ from estimated results. This possibility may be greater than normal during times of pronounced economic volatility.
Impax Generics sales, net, and Impax Specialty Pharma sales, net. Impax recognizes revenue from the sale of products when title and risk of loss of the product is transferred to the customer and the sales price is fixed and determinable. Provisions for discounts, early payments, rebates, sales returns and distributor chargebacks under terms customary in the industry are provided for in the same period the related sales are recorded. Impax record estimated reductions to revenue at the time of the initial sale and these estimates are based on the sales terms, historical experience and trend analysis.
Gross to Net Sales Accruals. Sales returns accruals are based on using a historical lag period, which is the time between when the product is sold and when it is ultimately returned, and estimated return rates which may
 
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be adjusted based on various assumptions including: changes to internal policies and procedures, business practices, commercial terms with customers, and the competitive position of each product; the amount of inventory in the wholesale and retail supply chain; the introduction of new products; and changes in market sales information. Impax also consider other factors, including significant market changes which may impact future expected returns, and actual product returns. Impax allow our customers to return product if approved by authorized personnel in writing or by telephone with the lot number and expiration date accompanying any request and if such products are returned within six months prior to or until twelve months following, the product’s expiration date. Impax estimates and recognizes an accrued provision for product returns as a percentage of gross sales based upon historical experience. Any changes from the historical trend rates are considered in determining the current sales return allowance. If the historical data Impax uses to calculate these estimates do not properly reflect future returns, then a change in the allowance would be made in the period in which such a determination is made and revenues in that period could be materially affected.
Cash discount accruals are based on payment terms extended to customers which are generally 2% to 3% of the gross selling price, as an incentive for paying within invoice terms, which generally range from 30 to 90 days. An estimate of cash discounts is recorded in the same period when revenue is recognized.
Government rebate accruals are based on estimated payments due to governmental agencies for purchases made by third parties under various governmental programs. U.S. Medicaid rebate accruals are generally based on historical payment data and estimates of future Medicaid beneficiary utilization applied to the Medicaid unit rebate formula established by the Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services. The accrual of the rebates associated with Medicaid Managed Care Organizations is calculated based on actual billings received from the states. Impax adjusts the rebate accruals as more information becomes available and to reflect actual claims experience. Effective January 1, 2011, manufacturers of pharmaceutical products are responsible for 50% of the patient’s cost of branded prescription drugs related to the Medicare Part D Coverage Gap. In order to estimate the cost to us of this coverage gap responsibility, Impax analyzes the historical invoices. This expense is recognized throughout the year as costs are incurred. TRICARE is a health care program of the U.S. Department of Defense Military Health System that provides civilian health benefits for military personnel, military retirees and their dependents. TRICARE rebate accruals are based on estimated Department of Defense eligible sales multiplied by the TRICARE rebate formula.
Rebates and administrative fees are offered to certain customers, group purchasing organizations and pharmacy benefit managers, consistent with pharmaceutical industry practices. Settlement of rebates and fees may generally occur from one to 15 months from the date of sale. Impax provides a provision for rebates and administrative fees at the time of sale based on contracted rates and historical redemption rates. Assumptions used to establish the provision include level of customer inventories, contract sales mix and average contract pricing. Impax regularly reviews the information related to these estimates and adjust the provision accordingly.
Chargeback accruals are based on the differentials between product acquisition prices paid by wholesalers and lower contract pricing paid by eligible customers.
Distribution service fee accruals are based on contractual fees to be paid to the wholesale distributor for services provided.
A significant majority of Impax’s gross to net accruals are the result of chargebacks and rebates and administrative fees, with the majority of those programs having an accrual to payment cycle of three months. In addition to this relatively short accrual to payment cycle, Impax receives monthly information from the wholesalers regarding their sales of its products and actual on hand inventory levels of its products. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the three large wholesalers account for 99% of Impax’s chargebacks and 66% of its indirect sales rebates. Consistent with the pharmaceutical industry, the accrual to payment cycle for returns is longer and can take several years depending on the expiration of the related products. However, returns represent the smallest gross to net adjustment. Impax has not experienced any significant changes in its estimates as it
 
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relates to its chargebacks, rebates or returns in each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2017.
The following tables are rollforwards of the activity in the reserves for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 with an explanation for any significant changes in the accrual percentages (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Chargeback reserve	  				 				 				
Beginning balance	  	$	151,978	 	 	$	102,630	 	 	$	43,125	 	
Acquired balances	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	24,532	 	
Provision recorded during the period	  	 	1,212,039	 	 	 	1,011,400	 	 	 	833,157	 	
Credits issued during the period	  	 	(1,227,126	) 	 	 	(962,052	) 	 	 	(798,184	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Ending balance	  	$	136,891	 	 	$	151,978	 	 	$	102,630	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Provision as a percent of gross product sales	  	 	42	% 	 	 	36	% 	 	 	34	% 	
As noted in the table above, the provision for chargebacks, as a percent of gross product sales, increased to 42% in 2017 from 36% in 2016 primarily due to the change in products sales mix due to the Teva Transaction, which closed in August 2016 and which products carry a higher chargeback rate, a higher chargeback rate on both Fenofibrate and Budesonide product sales due to increase market competition in 2017 and lower product sales of Diclofenac Sodium Gel, which carried a lower chargeback rate.
The aggregate provision for chargebacks, as a percent of gross product sales, increased to 36% in 2016 from 34% in 2015 primarily as a result of product sales mix and inclusion of product sales from the Tower Acquisition and Teva Transaction.

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Rebate reserve	  				 				 				
Beginning balance	  	$	300,647	 	 	$	265,229	 	 	$	88,812	 	
Acquired balances	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	75,447	 	
Provision recorded during the period	  	 	663,724	 	 	 	768,629	 	 	 	571,642	 	
Credits issued during the period	  	 	(769,104	) 	 	 	(733,211	) 	 	 	(470,672	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Ending balance	  	$	195,267	 	 	$	300,647	 	 	$	265,229	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Provision as a percent of gross product sales	  	 	23	% 	 	 	27	% 	 	 	23	% 	
As noted in the table above, the provision for rebates, as a percent of gross product sales, decreased from 27% during the year ended December 31, 2016 to 23% during the year ended December 31, 2017 as a result of lower product sales of Diclofenac Sodium Gel, which carried a higher rebate rate, and the discontinuation of the Amphetamine Salts IR products in May 2017, which carried a higher rebate rate.
The provision for rebates, as a percent of gross product sales, increased from 23% during the year ended December 31, 2015 to 27% during the year ended December 31, 2016 as a result of product sales mix, the formation of alliances between certain major wholesalers and major retailers and the inclusion of product sales from the Tower Acquisition, which carry a higher rebate rate.
 
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The table above represents rebates in both the Impax Generics and Impax Specialty Pharma divisions. The payment mechanisms for rebates in the Impax Generics and Impax Specialty Pharma divisions are different, which impacts the location on its balance sheet. Only rebates in the Impax Generics division are shown, as Impax Specialty Pharma rebates are classified as Accrued Expenses on Impax’s consolidated balance sheets.

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Returns reserve	  				 				 				
Beginning balance	  	$	72,888	 	 	$	48,950	 	 	$	27,174	 	
Acquired balances	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	11,364	 	
Provision related to sales recorded in the period	  	 	47,709	 	 	 	52,383	 	 	 	43,967	 	
Credits issued during the period	  	 	(44,304	) 	 	 	(28,445	) 	 	 	(33,555	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Ending balance	  	$	76,293	 	 	$	72,888	 	 	$	48,950	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Provision as a percent of gross product sales	  	 	1.7	% 	 	 	1.9	% 	 	 	2.0	% 	
As noted in the table above, the provision for returns as a percent of gross product sales decreased to 1.7% in 2017 compared to 1.9% in 2016 as a result of slightly lower historical returns experience.
The provision for returns as a percent of gross product sales decreased to 1.9% in 2016 compared to 2.0% in 2015 as a result of slightly lower historical returns experience.
Medicaid and Other Government Pricing Programs. As required by law, Impax provides a rebate payment on drugs dispensed under the Medicaid, Medicare Part D, TRICARE, and other U.S. government pricing programs. Impax determines its estimate of the accrued rebate reserve for government programs primarily based on historical experience of claims submitted by the various states, and other jurisdictions, as well as any new information regarding changes in the pricing programs that may impact its estimate of rebates. In determining the appropriate accrual amount, Impax considers historical payment rates and processing lag for outstanding claims and payments. Impax records estimates for government rebate payments as a deduction from gross sales, with corresponding adjustments to accrued liabilities. The accrual for payments under government pricing programs totaled $60.3 million, $72.1 million, and $91.7 million as of December 31, 2017, December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.
Shelf-Stock Adjustments. Based upon competitive market conditions, Impax may reduce the selling price of some of its products to customers for certain future product shipments. Impax may issue a credit against the sales amount to a customer based upon its remaining inventory of the product in question, provided the customer agrees to continue to make future purchases of product from us. This type of customer credit is referred to as a shelf-stock adjustment, which is the difference between the sales price and the revised lower sales price, multiplied by an estimate of the number of product units on hand at a given date. Decreases in selling prices are discretionary decisions made by us in response to market conditions, including estimated launch dates of competing products and estimated declines in market price. The accrued reserve for shelf-stock adjustments totaled $7.5 million, $7.0 million, and $6.6 million as of December 31, 2017, December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.
Rx Partner and OTC Partner. Each of Impax’s Rx Partner and OTC Partner agreements contain multiple deliverables in the form of products, services and/or licenses over extended periods. FASB ASC Topic 605-25 supplemented SAB 104 and provides guidance for accounting for such multiple-element revenue arrangements. With respect to its multiple-element revenue arrangements that are material to its financial results, Impax determines whether any or all of the elements of the arrangement should be separated into individual units of accounting under FASB ASC Topic 605-25. If separation into individual units of accounting is appropriate, Impax recognizes revenue for each deliverable when the revenue recognition criteria specified by SAB 104 are achieved for the deliverable. If separation is not appropriate, Impax recognizes revenue and related direct manufacturing costs over the estimated life of the agreement or its estimated expected period of performance using either the straight-line method or a modified proportional performance method.
 
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The Rx Partners and OTC Partners agreements obligate us to deliver multiple goods and/or services over extended periods. Such deliverables include manufactured pharmaceutical products, exclusive and semi-exclusive marketing rights, distribution licenses, and research and development services. In exchange for these deliverables, Impax receives payments from its agreement partners for product shipments and research and development services, and may also receive other payments including royalty, profit sharing, upfront payments, and periodic milestone payments. Revenue received from Impax’s partners for product shipments under these agreements is generally not subject to deductions for chargebacks, rebates, product returns, and other pricing adjustments. Royalty and profit sharing amounts Impax receives under these agreements are calculated by the respective agreement partner, with such royalty and profit share amounts generally based upon estimates of net product sales or gross profit which include estimates of deductions for chargebacks, rebates, product returns, and other adjustments the alliance agreement partners may negotiate with their customers. Impax records the agreement partner’s adjustments to such estimated amounts in the period the agreement partner reports the amounts to us.
OTC Partner revenue was previously related to Impax’s alliance and collaboration agreement with Pfizer, Inc., formerly Wyeth LLC (“Pfizer”) and its supply agreement with L. Perrigo Company (“Perrigo”) with respect to the supply of over-the-counter pharmaceutical product Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate 5 mg/120 mg 12-hour Extended Release Tablets (the “D12 Product”). Following the expiration of its obligation to supply the D12 Product to Pfizer and Perrigo as described below, Impax does not currently sell any over-the-counter pharmaceutical products through this sales channel. Impax previously recognized profit share revenue in the period earned.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2016, Impax sold the ANDAs for both the D12 Product and Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate 10 mg/240 mg 24-hour Extended Release Tablets, in addition to other specified assets, to Perrigo pursuant to an asset purchase agreement with Perrigo dated as of March 31, 2016 (the “Perrigo APA”). Under the terms of the Perrigo APA, Impax was required to continue to supply the D-12 Product to Pfizer and Perrigo until the date that was the earliest of (i) the date that Perrigo’s manufacturing facility was approved to manufacture the D-12 Product and (ii) December 31, 2017. On November 30, 2017, Impax transferred manufacturing of the D12 Product to Perrigo and assigned and transferred its supply agreement with Pfizer in its entirety to Perrigo in accordance with the Perrigo APA.
Research Partner. Impax has entered into development agreements with unrelated third-party pharmaceutical companies under which Impax iscollaborating in the development of five dermatological products, including four generic products and one branded dermatological product. Impax is not currently in the process of developing the branded dermatological product. Under each of the development agreements, Impax received an upfront fee with the potential to receive additional milestone payments upon completion of contractually specified clinical and regulatory milestones. Impax defers and recognizes revenue received from the achievement of contingent research and development milestones in the period such payment is earned. Impax will recognize royalty fee income, if any, as current period revenue when earned.
Estimated Lives of Alliance and Collaboration Agreements. Because Impax may defer revenue Impax receives under its alliance agreements, and recognize it over the estimated life of the related agreement, or its expected period of performance, Impax isrequired to estimate the recognition period under each such agreement in order to determine the amount of revenue to be recognized in each period. Sometimes this estimate is based on the fixed term of the particular alliance agreement. In other cases the estimate may be based on more subjective factors as noted in the following paragraphs. While changes to the estimated recognition periods have been infrequent, such changes, should they occur, may have a significant impact on Impax’s consolidated financial statements.
Third-Party Research Agreements. In addition to its own research and development resources, Impax may use unrelated third-party vendors, including universities and independent research companies, to assist in its research and development activities. These vendors provide a range of research and development services to us,
 
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including clinical and bio-equivalency studies. Impax generally signs agreements with these vendors which establish the terms of each study performed by them, including, among other things, the technical specifications of the study, the payment schedule, and timing of work to be performed. Third-party researchers generally earn payments either upon the achievement of a milestone, or on a pre-determined date, as specified in each study agreement. Impax accounts for third-party research and development expenses as they are incurred according to the terms and conditions of the respective agreement for each study performed, with an accrued expense at each balance sheet date for estimated fees and charges incurred by us, but not yet billed to us. Impax monitors aggregate actual payments and compare them to the estimated provisions to assess the reasonableness of the accrued expense balance at each quarterly balance sheet date.
Share-Based Compensation. Impax recognizes the grant date fair value of each option and restricted share over its vesting period. Stock options and restricted stock awards granted under the 2002 Plan generally vest over a four year period and, in the case of stock options, have a term of ten years. Impax estimates the fair value of each stock option award on the grant date using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model, wherein expected volatility is based on historical volatility of its common stock. Impax bases the expected term calculation on the “simplified” method described in SAB No. 107, Share-Based Payment and SAB No. 110, Share-Based Payment, because it provides a reasonable estimate in comparison to its actual experience. Impax bases the risk-free interest rate on the U.S. Treasury yield in effect at the time of grant for an instrument with a maturity that is commensurate with the expected term of the stock options. The dividend yield is zero as Impax has never paid cash dividends on its common stock, and have no present intention to pay cash dividends.
Income Taxes. Impax is subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes, Netherlands income tax, Republic of Ireland income tax and Taiwan R.O.C. income taxes. In accordance with U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) the amounts recorded in the fourth quarter of 2017 related to the 2017 Tax Reform Act represent reasonable estimates based on Impax’s analysis to date and are considered to be provisional and subject to revision during 2018. Provisional amounts were recorded for the Transition Tax, and the re-measurement of its 2017 U.S. net deferred tax liabilities. These amounts are considered to be provisional as Impax continues to assess available tax methods and elections and refine its computations. In addition, further regulatory guidance related to the 2017 Tax Reform Act is expected to be issued in 2018 which may result in changes to Impax’s current estimates. Any revisions to the estimated impacts of the 2017 Tax Reform Act will be recorded quarterly until the computations are complete which is expected no later than the fourth quarter of 2018.
Significant management judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and any valuation allowance recorded against net deferred tax assets. The process involves summarizing temporary differences between the financial statement carrying values (in accordance with U.S. GAAP) and the tax bases of Impax’s assets and liabilities. These differences result in a net deferred tax asset or liability, which is included within the consolidated balance sheet. In addition, Impax is required to assess whether valuation allowances should be established against its deferred tax assets based on consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than not” standard. To the extent a valuation allowance is established in a period, an expense must generally be recorded within the income tax provision in the statement of operations.
In assessing the realizability of its deferred tax assets, Impax considers whether it is more likely than not that its deferred tax assets will be realized based upon all available evidence, including, but not limited to, scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, prior earnings history, projected future earnings, carryback and carryforward periods and the feasibility of ongoing tax strategies that could potentially enhance the likelihood of the realization of a deferred tax asset. The weight Impax affords the evidence is commensurate with the extent the evidence may be objectively verified. As such, Impax did not rely on or project future taxable income (exclusive of reversing taxable temporary differences and carryforwards) to outweigh objective negative evidence of a recent financial reporting loss for the years ended December 31, 2017 or December 31, 2016.
In relying on the objectively verifiable negative evidence of the three-year cumulative loss, and in not considering or projecting taxable income under the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes,” Impax
 
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confined its sources of income to realize the deferred tax assets to (1) carryback to recover taxes paid in the current year or prior years and (2) offsetting taxable amounts related to taxable temporary differences within the carryback or carryforward period for which deferred tax liabilities are more likely than not to be realized. The deferred tax liabilities consist of indefinite-lived acquired in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) product rights.
Impax’s consolidated net deferred tax asset valuation allowance totaled $184.6 million as of December 31, 2017, such that Impax realizes on a more likely than not basis, a tax-effected net deferred tax liability of $3.2 million. If actual results differ from these estimates or these estimates are adjusted in future periods, the valuation allowance may need to be adjusted, which could materially impact Impax’s financial position and results of operations. If sufficient positive evidence arises in the future indicating that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets meet the more likely than not standard for realization, the valuation allowance would be reduced accordingly in the period that such a conclusion is reached.
Impax recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Impax reevaluates the effect of uncertain income tax positions on a quarterly basis, and any changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. This evaluation is based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in facts and circumstances, changes in tax law, effectively settled issues, and new audit activity. Any changes in these factors could result in changes to a tax benefit or tax provision.
Contingencies. In the normal course of business, Impax is subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, covering a wide range of matters, including, among others, patent litigation, stockholder lawsuits, and product and clinical trial liability. In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 450, “Contingencies,” Impax records accrued loss contingencies when it is probable a liability will be incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Impax do not recognize gain contingencies until they have been realized.
Intangible Assets. Impax’s intangible assets include both finite lived and indefinite lived assets. Finite lived intangible assets, consisting of marketed product rights and royalties received from product sales by Impax’s third party partners, are amortized over the estimated useful life of the asset based on the pattern in which the economic benefits are expected to be consumed or otherwise used up or, if that pattern is not readily determinable, on a straight-line basis. Indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of acquired IPR&D product rights and acquired future royalty rights to be paid based on other companies’ net sales of products not yet approved. IPR&D assets acquired in a business combination are considered indefinite-lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. Amortization over the estimated useful life will commence at the time of the respective product’s launch. If FDA approval to market the product is not obtained, Impax will immediately expense the related capitalized cost.
Finite lived intangible assets are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. All of Impax’s indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment at least annually during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year, or more often if indicators of impairment are present. Impairment testing requires management to estimate the future undiscounted cash flows of an intangible asset using assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. Actual future cash flows may differ from the estimates used in the impairment testing. Impax recognizes an impairment loss when and to the extent that the estimated fair value of an intangible asset is less than its carrying value.
Goodwill . In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, “Goodwill and Other Intangibles,” rather than recording periodic amortization of goodwill, goodwill is subject to an annual assessment for impairment. Under FASB ASC Topic 350, if the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the reporting unit’s carrying value,
 
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including goodwill, then goodwill is considered not impaired, making further analysis not required. Impax considers each of its Impax Generics division and Impax Specialty Pharma division operating segments to be a reporting unit, as this is the lowest level for each of which discrete financial information is available. Impax attributes $59.7 million of goodwill to the Impax Specialty Pharma division and $147.6 million of goodwill to the Impax Generics division.
Impax concluded the carrying value of goodwill was not impaired as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, as the fair value of the Impax Specialty Pharma division and the Impax Generics division exceeded their respective carrying values at each date. In the fourth quarter of 2017, Impax determined that it was not more likely than not that the fair value of goodwill was less than its carrying value. As a result Impax did not perform a quantitative analysis. In the fourth quarter of 2016, Impax performed a quantitative analysis and estimated the fair value of the Impax Specialty Pharma division and the Impax Generics division using a discounted cash flow model for both the reporting unit and the enterprise, as well as earnings and revenue multiples per common share outstanding for enterprise fair value. In addition, on a quarterly basis, Impax performs a review of its business operations to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could have a material adverse effect on the estimated fair value of each reporting unit, and thus indicate a potential impairment of the goodwill carrying value. If such events or changes in circumstances were deemed to have occurred, Impax would perform an interim impairment analysis, which may include the preparation of a discounted cash flow model, or consultation with one or more valuation specialists, to analyze the impact, if any, on its assessment of the reporting unit’s fair value.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently issued accounting standards are discussed in Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements of Impax included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Impax’s cash is held on deposit in demand accounts at large financial institutions in amounts in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance coverage limit of $250,000 per depositor, per FDIC-insured bank, per ownership category. Impax’s cash equivalents are comprised of highly-rated money market funds. Impax had no short-term investments as of December 31, 2017 or December 31, 2016.
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Impax limits its credit risk associated with cash equivalents by placing investments with high credit quality securities, including U.S. government securities, treasury bills, corporate debt, short-term commercial paper and highly-rated money market funds. Impax is party to a Term Loan facility of $400.0 million (of which $325.0 million is outstanding as of December 31, 2017) and a Revolving Credit Facility, of up to $200.0 million pursuant to the RBC Credit Facilities. The amount under Impax’s Revolving Credit Facility is available for working capital and other general corporate purposes. Impax also issued the Notes in a private placement offering on June 30, 2015, which are its senior unsecured obligations, as described above under “Outstanding Debt Obligations.”
Impax limits its credit risk with respect to accounts receivable by performing credit evaluations when deemed necessary. Impax does not require collateral to secure amounts owed to us by its customers. Impax recorded a reserve in the amount of $48.0 million on its consolidated statement of operations for the period ended March 31, 2016, representing the full amount of the estimated receivable due from Turing for reimbursement of Daraprim ® chargebacks and Medicaid rebate liabilities as of March 31, 2016. During the fourth quarter of 2016, Impax received $7.7 million in payments from Turing. During the year ended December 31, 2017, Impax increased the reserve balance by a net $4.0 million, consisting of a $5.0 million increase in the reserve resulting from additional Medicaid rebate claims received during the period and a $1.0 million reduction in the reserve resulting from payments received from Turing during the period. As of December 31, 2017, the $44.3 million estimated receivable due from Turing was fully reserved.
 
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Prior to June 30, 2015, Impax had no derivative assets or liabilities and did not engage in any hedging activities. As a result of its June 30, 2015 issuance of the Notes described, Impax entered into a series of convertible note hedge and warrant transactions (the “Note Hedge Transactions” and “Warrant Transactions”) which are designed to reduce the potential dilution to its stockholders and/or offset the cash payments Impax is required to make in excess of the principal amount upon conversion of the Notes.
Impax does not use derivative financial instruments or engage in hedging activities in its ordinary course of business and have no material foreign currency exchange exposure or commodity price risks.
Impax does not believe that inflation has had a significant impact on its revenues or operations to date.
 
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 BUSINESS
Our Business
We are a specialty pharmaceutical company specializing in developing, manufacturing, marketing and distributing high-value generic pharmaceutical products across a broad array of dosage forms and therapeutic areas, as well as the development, manufacture and sale of branded products.
Background
Amneal
Amneal is a generic pharmaceutical company specializing in developing, manufacturing, marketing and distributing high-value generic pharmaceutical products across a broad array of dosage forms and therapeutic areas. Amneal currently markets over 125 product families in the United States and its marketed and pipeline generics portfolios cover an extensive range of dosage forms and delivery systems, including both immediate and extended release oral solids such as tablets, capsules and powders, liquids, sterile injectables, nasal sprays, inhalation and respiratory products, ophthalmics (which are sterile pharmaceutical preparations administered for ocular conditions), films, transdermal patches and topicals (which are creams or gels designed to administer pharmaceuticals locally through the skin). Amneal focuses on developing products with substantial barriers-to-entry as a result of complex drug formulations or manufacturing, legal and/or regulatory challenges. Focusing on these opportunities allows Amneal to offer FTF, FTM and other “high-value” products, which Amneal defines as products with zero to three generic competitors at time of launch. These products generally have limited competition at launch, tend to be more profitable and often have longer life cycles than other generic pharmaceuticals. As of December 31, 2017, Amneal had 156 products approved but not yet launched or pending FDA approval and another 123 products in various stages of clinical development. Over 58% of Amneal’s total generic pipeline consists of potential FTF, FTM and high-value products. Amneal has an integrated, team-based approach to product development that combines its formulation, regulatory, legal, manufacturing and commercial capabilities.
Amneal was founded in 2002 by Chintu and Chirag Patel and is a limited liability company organized under the laws of Delaware. Since Amneal’s founding, Amneal has invested heavily in R&D and infrastructure in order to fuel future growth. As a result of these investments, as well as a continued focus on quality and customer service, Amneal has developed what it believes to be one of the largest generic product pipelines in the United States, as well as comprehensive development and manufacturing expertise and capability across all major dosage forms. This allows Amneal a greater degree of profitability, control over quality and agility in the face of changing market dynamics. Amneal has also developed vertically integrated API manufacturing capabilities, which it utilizes on a selective, product-by-product basis based on API scarcity or as alternate supply for strategically critical products. As of December 31, 2017, Amneal had launched 34 products in 2017, compared to 18 and 14 for the full years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
For the year ended December 31, 2017, Amneal had net revenue of $1,033.7 million, net income of $169.3 million and adjusted EBITDA of $336.1 million. Amneal’s investment in growth initiatives and ability to successfully launch new products has resulted in a compound annual revenue growth rate of 10%, and an adjusted EBITDA compound annual growth rate of 9% over the last three years. Net income had a compound annual decline of 2% over the last three years. Amneal plans to strengthen its competitive position as a leading generic pharmaceutical company by continuing to focus on developing and commercializing high-value products.
As noted above, Amneal’s product development strategy emphasizes potential FTF, FTM and other high-value products. A generic pharmaceutical product is considered a FTF product if the ANDA filed with respect to such product is the first to be filed for such product which contains a paragraph IV patent challenge to the branded form of the product (a “ Paragraph IV Challenge ”) under the Hatch-Waxman Act FTF status provides a statutory 180-day exclusivity period if the Paragraph IV Challenge either renders a favorable court decision or
 
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the expiration of 30 months after the patent owner brings an infringement action within 45 days from receiving notification by the applicant of the patent challenge, and the ANDA is approved by the FDA. This exclusivity period may be awarded to one ANDA sponsor or, under certain circumstances, may be required to be shared with other applicable ANDA sponsors with Paragraph IV certifications. A generic product is considered an FTM product if it is the first marketed generic version of a branded pharmaceutical for reasons other than statutory exclusivity. Amneal defines other “high-value” products as those with zero to three generic competitors (not including Amneal) at the time of launch. Within Amneal’s pipeline of filed and in-development products, over 58% are intended to be FTF, FTM or otherwise high-value products. As a result, and in light of the significant investment Amneal makes in R&D and infrastructure, Amneal is well positioned to support sustainable profitability and growth with anticipated future product launches.
The principal source of growth for Amneal’s business over the last five years has been the launch of internally developed products in the United States, and it expects this trend to continue in the near future. As of December 31, 2017, Amneal’s generic product pipeline contained 279 products, of which 156 are approved but not yet launched or pending with the FDA and 123 are in active stages of development. Amneal believes the strength and breadth of its product pipeline will enable it to differentiate itself in a challenging environment for the generic manufacturing industry and to continue its track record of revenue and EBITDA growth. Additionally, because the majority of Amneal’s product launches over the next two years are with respect to generic products for which an ANDA has already been filed with the FDA, Amneal believes that such product launches carry significantly less development risk.

Approved or Pending ANDA Filings: 156	 	
Dosage Form	  	# of Products	 	  	% of Total	 	 	LTM December
2017
IMS Sales ($bn)	 	
Sterile Injectables/Aseptics	  	 	30	 	  	 	19	% 	 	$	9.0	 	
Oral Solids	  	 	95	 	  	 	61	% 	 	 	55.3	 	
Liquids/Semi-solids	  	 	25	 	  	 	16	% 	 	 	5.9	 	
Transdermals/Mucosals	  	 	6	 	  	 	4	% 	 	 	2.4	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	 	156	 	  	 	100	%  	 	$	72.6	 	

Current Development Pipeline: 123	 	
Dosage Form	  	# of Products	 	  	% of Total	 	 	LTM December
2017
IMS Sales ($bn)	 	
Sterile Injectables/Aseptics	  	 	45	 	  	 	37	% 	 	$	11.8	 	
Oral Solids	  	 	43	 	  	 	35	% 	 	 	14.2	 	
Liquids/Semi-solids	  	 	21	 	  	 	17	% 	 	 	1.8	 	
Transdermals/Mucosals	  	 	7	 	  	 	6	% 	 	 	2.8	 	
Respiratory	  	 	7	 	  	 	6	% 	 	 	12.9	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	 	123	 	  	 	100	%  	 	$	43.6	 	
Figure 1. Pending ANDA Filings and Current Development Pipeline. This information is an estimate derived from the use of information under license from the following IMS health information service: SMART US Edition for the period through December, 2017. IMS expressly reserves all rights, including rights of copying, distribution and republication. The information provided by IMS is publicly available and was not prepared at the request of Impax, Amneal or Holdco.
For the years ended December 31, 2012 through 2017, Amneal invested a total aggregate of approximately $1.3 billion on R&D and capital expenditures as it built its pipeline and expanded its development and manufacturing capabilities. Amneal’s R&D expenses, including intellectual property (“ IP ”) legal development expenses, were approximately 15% of its net revenue in 2014, growing to 19% of its net revenue in 2016 and 17% in 2017. Going forward, Amneal expects that its investments will support strong topline and profitability
 
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growth. For further detail on Amneal’s historical GAAP R&D expenses, see the section entitled “ Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Information of Amneal. ”
In 2008, Amneal acquired the assets, facilities and business of Interpharm, a U.S. generic pharmaceutical company. The acquisition included Interpharm’s manufacturing sites in Long Island, New York as well as IP such as ANDAs, technology and processes. Amneal successfully integrated the acquired assets, which contributed to achieving its growth and scale targets.
While the majority of Amneal’s subsequent growth has been driven by organic product development, Amneal’s senior management team has a strong track record of executing business development opportunities and product acquisitions. In the ordinary course of business, Amneal engages in a variety of product acquisitions and business development collaborations. Apart from product acquisitions and development collaborations, over the past several years Amneal has also selectively acquired manufacturing facilities in the United States, India and Ireland in order to support its growth and expand into more complex dosage forms. A summary of key product and business acquisitions and collaborations is included in the table below:

Figure 2. Selected Transactions Completed by Amneal
 
1.	Amneal’s Spain and Nordics businesses were divested in September 2017 and Amneal’s Australian business was divested in August 2017.	
As a generic pharmaceutical company, Amneal’s business involves marketing generic pharmaceuticals following the expiry, invalidity or non-infringement of branded company IP. As such, Amneal’s competitors may allege that Amneal is infringing their IP, forcing Amneal to expend resources in the resulting litigation.
 
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As a generic pharmaceutical company, Amneal may periodically have significant working capital requirements, which Amneal defines as current assets less current liabilities. These can include an increase in inventory ahead of an expected product launch, for which the exact date is often uncertain; an increase in accounts receivable, as Amneal may not receive payment from its customers for several months after sale; and a decrease in accounts payable, as Amneal submits payment to its vendors and suppliers. The total sum of Amneal’s backlog orders as of December 31, 2017 was $12.2 million.
Impax
Impax is a specialty pharmaceutical company applying formulation and development expertise, as well as its drug delivery technology, to the development, manufacture and marketing of generic pharmaceutical products, in addition to the development, manufacture and marketing of branded products. Impax operates in two segments, referred to as “Impax Generics” and “Impax Specialty Pharma.” Impax Generics concentrates its efforts on generic products, which are the pharmaceutical and therapeutic equivalents of brand-name drug products and are usually marketed under their established nonproprietary drug names rather than by a brand name. Impax Specialty Pharma utilizes its specialty sales force to market proprietary branded pharmaceutical products for the treatment of central nervous system (“ CNS ”) disorders and other select specialty segments.
Impax was incorporated in the State of Delaware in 1995. Its corporate headquarters are located at 30831 Huntwood Avenue, Hayward, California, 94544. Impax was formerly known as Global Pharmaceutical Corporation until December 14, 1999, when Impax Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a privately held drug delivery company, merged into Global Pharmaceutical Corporation and the name of the resulting entity was changed to Impax Laboratories, Inc.
Impax Generics Division
In the generic pharmaceutical market, Impax focuses its efforts on developing, manufacturing, selling and distributing complex solid dose and alternative dosage form products covering a broad range of therapeutic areas and having technically challenging drug-delivery mechanisms or unique product development formulations. Impax employs its technologies and formulation expertise to develop generic products that reproduce brand-name products’ physiological characteristics but do not infringe any valid patents relating to such brand-name products. Generic products contain the same active ingredient and are of the same route of administration, dosage form, strength and indication(s) as brand-name products already approved for use in the United States by the FDA. Impax generally focuses its generic product development on brand-name products as to which the patents covering the active pharmaceutical ingredient have expired or are near expiration, and it employs its experience to develop bioequivalent versions of such brand-name products. Impax also develops, manufactures, sells and distributes specialty generic pharmaceuticals that it believes present certain competitive advantages, such as difficulty in raw materials sourcing, complex formulation or development characteristics or special handling requirements. Impax has generally obtained rights to its alternative dosage form products through third party alliance and collaboration agreements, such as through our partnership agreement with Tolmar, Inc. (“ Tolmar ”).
Impax sells and distributes generic pharmaceutical products primarily through four sales channels:
 
 	•	 	the “ Impax Generics sales channel ” for sales of generic prescription products it sells directly to wholesalers, large retail drug chains, and others;	
 
 	•	 	the “ Private Label sales channel ” for generic pharmaceutical over-the-counter (“ OTC ”) and prescription products it sells to unrelated third party customers who in-turn sell the product to third parties under their own label;	
 
 	•	 	the “ Rx Partner sales channel ” for generic prescription products sold through unrelated third-party pharmaceutical entities under their own label pursuant to alliance agreements; and	
 
 	•	 	the “ OTC Partner sales channel ” for sales of generic pharmaceutical OTC products sold through unrelated third-party pharmaceutical entities under their own label pursuant to alliance agreements.	
 
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As of December 31, 2016, Impax marketed 207 generic pharmaceutical products representing dosage variations of 72 different product families through its Impax Generics division, and five other generic pharmaceutical products, representing dosage variations of two different product families, through our alliance and collaboration agreement partners. As of December 31, 2016, Impax’s significant marketed generic products were Epinephrine Auto-Injector (generic Adrenaclick ® ), oxymorphone hydrochloride extended release tablets (AB rated to original OPANA ® ER), diclofenac sodium gel 3% (generic Solaraze ® ), and fenofibrate (generic Lofibra ® ).
As of December 31, 2017, we had 17 applications pending at the FDA. The following table lists our publicly identified product applications pending at the FDA as of December 31, 2017:

Product	  	Generic of	
Apixaban Tablets 2.5, 5 mg	  	Eliquis ®	
Carvedilol Phosphate ER Capsules 10, 20, 40, 80 mg	  	Coreg CR ®	
Colesevelam Tablets 625mg	  	Welchol ®	
Dimethyl Fumarate DR Capsules 120, 240 mg	  	Tecfidera ®	
Fentanyl Buccal Tablet 100, 200, 400, 600, 800 mcg	  	Fentora ®	
Mixed Amphetamine Salts ER Capsules 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 mg	  	Adderall XR ®	
Oxycodone ER Tablets (new formulation) 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80 mg	  	Oxycontin ®	
Risedronate Sodium DR Tablets 35 mg	  	Atelvia ®	
Teriflunomide Tablets 14 mg	  	Aubagio ®	
Impax Specialty Pharma
Impax Specialty Pharma is engaged in the development, sale and distribution of proprietary branded pharmaceutical products that it believes represents improvements to already-approved pharmaceutical products addressing CNS disorders and other select specialty segments. Impax estimates that there are approximately 16,000 neurologists in the United States. Historically, a concentrated number of these neurologists are responsible for writing the majority of neurology prescriptions. CNS is the largest therapeutic category in the United States with 2017 sales of about $66.7 billion, or 14.2% of the $470 billion U.S. prescription drug market. CNS product sales contracted (5.2%) in 2017, compared to 1.5% growth for the overall pharmaceutical market, while total CNS prescriptions declined 1.1%, compared to a 0.2% reduction in the overall pharmaceutical industry prescriptions. (Source: IQVIA).
Impax’s branded pharmaceutical product portfolio consists of commercial CNS and other select specialty products, as well as development stage projects. In February 2012, Impax licensed from AstraZeneca UK Limited (“ AstraZeneca ”) the exclusive U.S. commercial rights to Zomig ® (zolmitriptan) tablet, orally disintegrating tablet and nasal spray formulations pursuant to the terms of a Distribution, License, Development and Supply Agreement with AstraZeneca, which was subsequently amended (the “ AZ Agreement ”) and began sales of the Zomig ® products under its label during the year ended December 31, 2012 through its specialty sales force. In May 2013, our exclusivity period for branded Zomig ® tablets and orally disintegrating tablets expired and Impax launched authorized generic versions of those products in the United States. In June 2015, the FDA approved the Zomig ® nasal spray for use in pediatric patients 12 years of age or older for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura. In addition to the Zomig ® products and our internally developed pharmaceutical product, Rytary ® for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, post-encephalitic parkinsonism, and parkinsonism that may follow carbon monoxide intoxication and/or manganese intoxication, which was approved by the FDA on January 7, 2015, Impax is currently engaged in the sales and marketing of Emverm ® (mebendazole) 100 mg chewable tablets, indicated for the treatment of pinworm, whipworm, common roundworm, common hookworm, and two other products, all acquired in our acquisition of Tower and Lineage which closed in March 2015. In November 2015, the European Commission granted marketing authorization for Numient ® (referred to as Rytary ® in the United States). The review of the Numient ® application was conducted under the centralized licensing procedure as a therapeutic innovation, and the authorization is applicable in all 28 member states of the European Union, as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway.
 
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Impax has a couple of product candidates that are in varying stages of development and it currently intends to expand its portfolio of branded pharmaceutical products primarily through internal development and through licensing and acquisitions, with a focus on late-stage product opportunities.
Impax conducts most of its research and development activities at its facilities in Hayward, California. In addition, Impax has outsourced a number of research and development projects to third-party laboratories.
Impax spent approximately $80.5 million, $70.6 million and $78.6 million on research and development activities during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Impax does not generally track research and development expense by individual product in either the Impax Generics division or the Impax Specialty Pharma division.
In the Impax Generics division, Impax focuses its research and development efforts based on drug-delivery technology and on products that it believes may have certain competitive advantages, rather than on any particular therapeutic area. As of December 31, 2017, the Impax Generics division had 17 applications pending with the FDA and another 20 products in development. Accordingly, Impax believes that its generic pipeline products will, in the aggregate, generate a significant amount of revenue for it in the future. However, while a generic product is still in development, Impax is unable to predict the level of commercial success that the product may ultimately achieve given the uncertainties relating to the successful and timely completion of bioequivalence studies, ANDA filing, receipt of marketing approval and resolution of any related patent litigation, as well as the amount of competition in the market at the time of product launch and thereafter and other factors detailed in “Risk Factors.” Additionally, Impax does not believe that any individual generic pipeline product is currently significant in terms of accrued or anticipated research and development expense given the large volume of products under development in the Impax Generics division, as detailed above. Further, on a per product basis, development costs for generic products tend to be significantly lower than for branded products, as the process for establishing bioequivalence is significantly less extensive than the standard clinical trial process. The regulatory approval process is significantly less onerous as well compared to the process for branded products.
In the Impax Specialty Pharma division, Impax currently markets one internally developed branded pharmaceutical product, Rytary ® (IPX066) for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, post-encephalitic parkinsonism, and parkinsonism that may follow carbon monoxide intoxication and/or manganese intoxication, which was approved by the FDA on January 7, 2015 and which Impax launched in the United States in April 2015. In addition to Rytary ® , Impax Specialty Pharma is also currently engaged in the sale and distribution of four other branded products; the more significant include Zomig ® (zolmitriptan) products, indicated for the treatment of migraine headaches, under the terms the AZ Agreement, and Emverm ® (mebendazole) 100 mg chewable tablets, indicated for the treatment of pinworm, whipworm, common roundworm, common hookworm, and American hookworm in single or mixed infection. Impax also has a number of product candidates that are in varying stages of development. While Impax believes the pipeline products in this division are potentially viable, profitable product candidates for us, given the uncertainties relating to the successful completion of clinical trials, the FDA approval process for branded products, reimbursement levels, the amount of competition at the time of product launch and thereafter and other factors detailed in “Risk Factors,” such pipeline products are too early in the development process to be considered significant at this point in time.
Impax has developed a number of different controlled-release delivery technologies which may be utilized with a variety of oral dosage forms and drugs. Controlled-release drug delivery technologies are designed to release drug dosages at specific times and in specific locations in the body and generally provide more consistent and appropriate drug levels in the bloodstream than immediate-release dosage forms. Controlled-release pharmaceuticals may improve drug efficacy, ensure greater patient compliance with the treatment regimen, reduce side effects or increase drug stability and be more patient friendly by reducing the number of times a drug must be taken.
 
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Impax believes its controlled-release drug delivery technologies are flexible and can be applied to develop a variety of pharmaceutical products, both generic and branded. Impax’s technologies utilize a variety of polymers and other materials to encapsulate or entrap the active pharmaceutical ingredients and to release them at varying rates or at predetermined locations in the gastrointestinal tract.
Manufacturing and distribution capability
Amneal
Amneal has a network of ten manufacturing sites and seven co-located R&D centers within the United States, India and Ireland, with broad dosage capability across oral solids, solutions, suspensions, creams, gels, ointments, nasal sprays, hormonals, patches, oral thin films, dry powder inhalers, metered dose inhalers, cytotoxics, injectables, ophthalmics, otics, and tablets / capsules, as described below. Amneal also has a distribution center in Glasgow, Kentucky and a packaging center in East Hanover, New Jersey. Amneal manufactures the vast majority of its products internally; of these products, those manufactured in Amneal’s U.S. facilities contributed 77.1% of product net revenue compared to 14.6% for those manufactured in India as of December 31, 2017. Amneal relies on third-party manufacturers to supply a small number of products in its portfolio representing approximately 8.3% of its net revenue. In addition, Amneal selectively manufactures API for a subset of its products, which helps to reduce the overall cost of manufacturing for Amneal’s products and gives Amneal greater control over its supply chain.

 
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Figure 3. Amneal and Impax Facilities
Within Amneal’s facilities across the United States, India and Ireland, Amneal believes it has adequate capacity to support its growth for the foreseeable future. Amneal has manufacturing sites in Brookhaven and Hauppauge, New York; Branchburg, Patterson and Piscataway, New Jersey; Cashel, Ireland; and Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Vizag and Dahej, India, which collectively handle the production, assembly, quality assurance testing and packaging of the majority of Amneal’s products.

Facility	  	Functional Area	  	Installed Capacity (1)	  	Utilized Capacity (2)	  	Units	
U.S. and Europe	
Brookhaven, NY
Hauppauge, NY
Piscataway, NJ	  	Oral Solids (3)	  	~8.0 -~10.0 billion	  	~7.5 billion (4)	  	Tablets/Capsules	
					
Piscataway, NJ
Branchburg, NJ	  	Liquids	  	~1.8 million	  	~ 0.4 million	  	Bottles	
					
Piscataway, NJ	  	Topicals	  	~32 million	  	~8 million	  	Tubes / Jars	
					
Piscataway, NJ	  	Transdermals	  	~86 million	  	~16 million	  	Patches	
					
Cashel, Ireland	  	Respiratory	  	~ 13 million	  	N/A	  	MDI / DPI Inhalers	
	
India	
Ahmedabad, India
Hyderabad, India	  	Sterile Injectables/
Aceptics	  	~95 million	  	~2.6 million	  	Vials/Pre-filled Syringes	
					
Ahmedabad, India	  	Oral Solids	  	~6 - ~8 billion	  	~ 4 billion	  	Tablets / Capsules	
					
Vizag, India
Dahej, India	  	API	  	~250	  	~81	  	Metric Tons	
Figure 4. Amneal’s Manufacturing Sites
 
1.	Represents total production capacity assuming 100% utilization.	
 
2.	Represents expected utilized capacity for the trailing twelve month period ended December 31, 2017.	
 
3.	Excludes Patterson, NJ site, which is planned to be shut down in 2018.	
 
4.	Adjusted for select discretionary facility upgrades made over the course of 2017.	
Impax
Impax sources its finished dosage form products from its own facility in Hayward, California and several third party contract manufacturers for this purpose. The Hayward facility’s installed capacity is approximately 1.0 billion tablets/capsules and is approximately 30% utilized. During 2015, Impax restructured its packaging and distribution operations. As a result, Impax closed its Philadelphia packaging site and all of its company-wide distribution operations were outsourced to United Parcel Services (UPS).
Quality Control
We are committed to maintaining high levels of quality in manufacturing and have built strong quality systems to support our operational and strategic initiatives. Our manufacturing and R&D facilities are compliant with Current Good Manufacturing Practices (“ cGMPs ”) regulations.
 
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Since 2002, Amneal has had 60 successful FDA inspections of its various facilities (including its distribution facility in Glasgow, Kentucky) and has not received any warning letters with respect to any of its facilities.
Impax has in the past received a warning letter from the FDA regarding certain operations within its manufacturing network at its Hayward manufacturing facility, which it subsequently resolved in 2015. Impax remains committed to continuing to improve its quality control and manufacturing practices, however, Impax cannot be assured that the FDA will continue to be satisfied with its corrective actions and with its quality control and manufacturing systems and standards.
Regulatory agencies such as the FDA regularly inspect our manufacturing facilities and the facilities of our third-party suppliers. The failure of one of our facilities, or a facility of one of our third-party suppliers, to comply with applicable laws and regulations may lead to breach of representations made to our customers or to regulatory or government action against it related to products made in that facility. Failure to comply strictly with these regulations and requirements may damage our reputation and lead to financial penalties, compliance expenditures, the recall or seizure of products, total or partial suspension of production and/or distribution, withdrawal or suspension of the applicable regulator’s review of our submissions, enforcement actions, injunctions and criminal prosecution. Further, other federal agencies, our customers and partners in our alliance, development, collaboration and other partnership agreements with respect to our products and services may take any such FDA observations or warning letters into account when considering the award of contracts or the continuation or extension of such partnership agreements. Because regulatory approval to manufacture a drug is site-specific, the delay and cost of remedial actions, or obtaining approval to manufacture at a different facility, could negatively impact our business. Any failure by us to comply with applicable laws and regulations and/or any actions by the FDA and other agencies as described above could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations. See “Risk Factors—Risk Factors Relating to Us and the Combined Business” for more information.
The Combined Business’ Strengths
Amneal has built a leading generic pharmaceutical company with an extensive product pipeline and comprehensive manufacturing and development capabilities that Amneal believes will enable continued growth, supported by increased scale from the addition of Imapx’s generics business and stable cash flow from Impax’s specialty franchise. Amneal believes the strengths of its business are as follows:
Broad in-house expertise and capabilities across dosage forms
Amneal has invested substantial resources developing and expanding its manufacturing and development infrastructure in the United States, India and Ireland. Amneal’s strategy is to co-locate its R&D centers within its manufacturing sites (as opposed to a center of excellence) in order to foster seamless scale-up and launch of its products. As a result, Amneal has a full in-house suite of dosage forms, including immediate release (“ IR ”) and extended release (“ ER ”) oral solids, transdermals, respiratory applications, inhalation solutions, topical gels, creams, and ointments, sterile aseptics, nasal sprays and complex injectables, as well as cytotoxics and hormonal products. These capabilities allow Amneal to flexibly target attractive product development opportunities across various dosage forms. Additionally, Amneal’s internal API capability allows it to better control the development of certain products from formulation through commercialization and provides a stable source of API supply for these products at competitive prices.

Amneal Dosage Form Capability:	
IR / ER
Oral Solids	  	Sterile
Injectables	  	Oral Liquids	  	Nasal Sprays	  	Inhalants	  	Ophthalmics /
Otics	  	Transdermals	  	Topicals	
✓	  	✓	  	✓	  	✓	  	✓	  	✓	  	✓	  	✓	
 
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Figure 5. Amneal Dosage Capabilities
Industry leading R&D pipeline with visibility into future launches
Amneal has focused its R&D efforts and expenditures to create a diversified portfolio of high-value generic products, with 156 filed products approved but not yet launched or pending FDA approval and 123 in various stages of development. Among Amneal’s products with pending ANDAs, over 40 of such products are potential FTF or FTM opportunities. Developing and commercializing a new product is time consuming, costly and subject to numerous factors that may delay or prevent such development and commercialization. For more information on the risks attendant to Amneal’s development of new generic pharmaceutical products, please see the section entitled “Risk Factors.”
The following chart illustrates the approximate gross sales of products (according to QuintilesIMS sales during the twelve month period ended as of December 2017) corresponding to selected generic products in Amneal’s pipeline.

Selected Products	  	Brand	 	  	Total Sales ($ in bn)
(LTM IMS December 2017)	 	
Dimethyl Fumarate DR Capsules	  	 	Tecfidera	 	  	$	3.8	 	
Glatiramer Injection 40mg	  	 	Copaxone HD	 	  	 	3.6	 	
Emtricitabine + Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate	  	 	Truvada	 	  	 	2.9	 	
Lurasidone Tablets, 20mg, 40mg, 60mg, 80mg and 120mg	  	 	Latuda	 	  	 	2.9	 	
Cinacalcet HCl 30mg, 60mg and 90mg Tablets	  	 	Sensipar	 	  	 	1.7	 	
Esomeprazole Magnesium Delayed Release Capsules	  	 	Nexium	 	  	 	1.0	 	
Sildenafil Citrate Tablets	  	 	Viagra	 	  	 	1.4	 	
Teriflunomide Tablets	  	 	Aubagio	 	  	 	1.5	 	
Quetiapine Fumarate Extended Release Tablets	  	 	Seroquel XR	 	  	 	0.6	 	
Mesalamine Delayed Release Tablet, 1.2gm	  	 	Lialda	 	  	 	1.1	 	
IMATINIB MESYLATE Tablets	  	 	Gleevec	 	  	 	1.5	 	
Abiraterone Acetate Tablets, 250mg	  	 	Zytiga	 	  	 	1.4	 	
Testosterone Metered Gel 1.62% Pump	  	 	Androgel	 	  	 	1.1	 	
	  				  	 	 	 	
Total:	  				  	$	24.4	 	
	  				  	 	 	 	
Figure 6. Value of Amneal’s Marketed Products According to QuintilesIMS on a Trailing Twelve Month Basis as of December 2017. This information is an estimate derived from the use of information under license from the following IMS Health information service: SMART US Edition for the period through September, 2017. IMS expressly reserves all rights, including rights of copying, distribution and republication. The information provided by IMS is publicly available and was not prepared at the request of Impax, Amneal or Holdco.
Growing portfolio of diverse products with strong market positions
Amneal has a broad portfolio of over 125 product families across multiple therapeutic areas. For the year ended December 31, 2017, 16 of Amneal’s top 20 products held #1 or #2 market share positions. In addition to Amneal’s current products, Amneal’s pipeline includes a range of new products with complex dosage forms that will further diversify its portfolio. Given Amneal’s track record of successfully commercializing its products post-approval and capturing market share, Amneal is confident in its ability to drive future growth through new product launches.
Strong history of quality and manufacturing excellence
Since its founding, Amneal has always maintained a commitment to quality with a culture of quality assurance and control, and has invested in quality systems to support all aspects of development, analytical
 
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testing, and manufacturing. Amneal currently operates ten FDA-approved manufacturing facilities across the United States, India and Ireland. As the FDA has heightened standards for and increased its monitoring of pharmaceutical manufacturers significantly over the last decade, Amneal continues to manufacture and market products to the highest quality standards. Since 2002, Amneal’s facilities have been successfully inspected 60 times, including two inspections at distribution facilities, with no major discrepancies observed and no warning letters issued.

Figure 7. History of FDA Inspections
 
1.	Includes two inspections at Amneal’s API facilities.	
History of strong financial performance
Amneal submitted 35, 23, 44 and 49 new ANDA filings in 2014, 2015, 2016 and the year ended December 31, 2017, respectively, and launched 74 new generics products during the same time period. Amneal’s net revenue has grown from $785.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 to $1,033.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, representing a CAGR of 10%. Amneal’s net income decreased from $177.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 to $169.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, representing a compound annual decline of 2%. Amneal’s adjusted EBITDA grew from $257.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 to $336.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, representing a CAGR of 9%. For further detail on Amneal’s historical GAAP and non-GAAP financial results, see the section entitled “ Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Information of Amneal. ” Amneal expects to submit approximately 30 to 40 new ANDA filings during each of 2018, 2019 and 2020, and expects a number of these potential products to be FTF or FTM opportunities that will contribute significantly to Amneal’s revenue, net income and adjusted EBITDA.
 
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The Combined Business’ Strategy
Our strategic goal is to continue developing, manufacturing and commercializing high-value generic, branded, and biosimilar products that will support our growth and strengthen our competitive position relative to our generic pharmaceutical peers. In implementing our strategy, we are focused on the following:
Leverage our capabilities by focusing on high-value products
We have historically been successful in developing complex generic pharmaceutical products with high barriers-to-entry and high revenue potential, including products with the potential to be FTF, FTM or otherwise high-value as previously defined. We target products that are difficult to formulate and manufacture, and/or present complex legal and IP hurdles. As part of our strategy, we also fund clinical trials for products that, while costly, provide higher returns on investment relative to products with lower development costs. These products are potentially more profitable and may have a longer life cycle than typical generic products. Over 50% of our pipeline is comprised of what we believe has the potential to be high-value products. We believe we have built a comprehensive and robust infrastructure through its investment in R&D, manufacturing facilities and personnel, which will enable us to continue to develop and commercialize these types of high-value products.
Advance and expand upon the existing pipeline
Our pipeline provides the foundation for our future growth and as of December 31, 2017, we currently have 316 products either approved and yet to be launched, pending FDA approval in the United States or in active development. We have successfully launched over 80 new generic pharmaceutical products since January 1, 2014 and expect to submit approximately 30 to 40 new ANDA filings during each of 2018, 2019 and 2020 and to continue our R&D efforts in order to strengthen and grow our portfolio across multiple complex dosage forms.
Utilize our dosage form capability to diversify our product portfolio
Historically, the majority of our marketed products have been oral solids. As we have expanded our capabilities and invested at higher-than-industry-average rates in newer pharmaceutical delivery technologies and manufacturing facilities over time, however, our pipeline has diversified and now includes a broad array of dosage forms such as oral liquids, sterile injectables, transdermals, nasal sprays, inhalation and respiratory products, ophthalmics and topicals. As such, we expect future product approvals and launches to diversify our portfolio away from oral solids and support the transition towards higher barrier-to-entry complex products.
Expand into high growth adjacencies such as biosimilars
Biosimilar products represent a significant growth opportunity for us as well as the U.S. generic industry broadly. According to Bank of America Merrill Lynch Global Research estimates, the global biosimilar market is expected to reach $20 billion by 2025. Successful development of these products is complex, timely and highly expensive, and many generic pharmaceutical companies lack the expertise and means to successfully develop and commercialize biosimilars. Through our partnership with Adello Biologics, LLC, we have in-licensed two biosimilar products for near-term commercialization: filgrastim (biosimilar of branded product Neupogen™), for which an ANDA has been filed, and peg-filgrastim (biosimilar of branded product Neulasta™), which is currently in late-stage development. We continue to work to build its portfolio of biosimilar products through licensing transactions and expects these products to support topline and profitability growth in the future.
Leverage our platform to increase operational efficiency
We have developed a highly capable and comprehensive R&D, operations and commercial infrastructure that support the development, manufacture, sale and distribution of generic pharmaceuticals. Coupled with our vertically integrated supply chain, this infrastructure enables us to quickly and efficiently move through the cycle
 
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of product selection to development, manufacture and, ultimately, commercialization, which supports the achievement of our growth and profitability targets. We expect to continue to build on and leverage these existing capabilities and our infrastructure to accelerate margin expansion and cash flow generation.
Continued focus on proprietary brand-name pharmaceutical products to treat CNS disorders and other specialty segments
A core component of our strategy includes an ongoing focus on proprietary brand-name pharmaceutical products to treat CNS disorders and other specialty segments. We believe that we have the research, development and formulation expertise to develop branded products that will deliver significant improvements over existing therapies. We plan to continue investing in its development pipeline, both internally and through acquisitions and partnerships primarily focused on late-stage and next generation product opportunities.
Alliance and Collaboration Agreements
Impax has entered into several alliance, collaboration or license and distribution agreements with respect to certain of its products and services and may enter into similar agreements in the future. These agreements typically obligate Impax to deliver multiple goods and/or services over extended periods. Such deliverables include manufactured pharmaceutical products, exclusive and semi-exclusive marketing rights, distribution licenses, and research and development services. Impax’s alliance and collaboration agreements often include milestones and provide for payments upon achievement of these milestones.
Our Industry
Prescription pharmaceutical products are sold either as branded or generic products. Generic pharmaceutical products have the same API, dosage form, potency, route of administration, and intended use as patented branded pharmaceutical products and are usually marketed under their chemical (generic) names rather than brand names. However, generic pharmaceutical products are intended to provide a cost-effective alternative for consumers while maintaining the safety, efficacy and stability of the branded product, and as such are generally sold at prices below their branded equivalents. Typically, a generic pharmaceutical may not be marketed until the expiration of applicable patent(s) on the corresponding branded product, unless the resolution of patent litigation results in an earlier opportunity to enter the market.
Generic manufacturers are required to file and receive approval for an ANDA in order to market a generic pharmaceutical product. In general, those companies that are able to prepare high quality ANDA submissions are comparatively advantaged. Under the previous Generic Drug User Fee Amendments (“ GDUFA ”) authorization, the time required to obtain FDA approval of ANDAs was on average approximately 42-44 months post-filing. In August 2017, GDUFA was reauthorized and signed into law by President Trump as part of the Food and Drug Administration Reauthorization Act. This reauthorization, known as GDUFA II, is in effect from October 1, 2017 through September 30, 2022. As a result of GDUFA II, Amneal and Impax expect the average time required to achieve approval of a generic pharmaceutical product after an ANDA filing is made to decrease.
Generic pharmaceutical products play a very significant role in the United States and global healthcare systems. According to Frost and Sullivan’s Global Generic Pharmaceuticals Market Forecast to 2020 , the global generic pharmaceutical market was valued at approximately $366 billion in 2016, and by the end of 2020, annual revenue from generic pharmaceutical products is expected to reach approximately $557 billion, compounding at 11% annually. According to the U.S. Bureau of Census and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the United States spends approximately $3 trillion on healthcare annually, and prescription pharmaceutical products represent approximately 11% of those total healthcare system costs. According to the Association for Accessible Medicines, approximately 89% of prescriptions dispensed in the United States are filled using generic pharmaceutical products, but these prescriptions represent only 26% of total prescription pharmaceutical costs.
 
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We expect key drivers of the future growth of the generic pharmaceutical industry to include:
Demographic trends
Rising healthcare costs due, in part, to an aging population, increased life expectancy, and higher incidence of chronic diseases are contributing to the increased use of generic pharmaceutical products in the United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2015 the U.S. population over 65 years of age was 47.8 million and is expected to grow over 18% to 56.4 million by 2020. The growth in this segment of the population, who are significant consumers of pharmaceutical products, is expected to increase the utilization and proliferation of generic pharmaceutical products. Additionally, because generic pharmaceutical products have become widely accepted as lower-cost equivalents of branded pharmaceutical products among consumers, physicians and pharmacists, we expect the market opportunities for generic pharmaceutical products to remain strong.
Increasing efforts by the government to control healthcare costs
As the parties responsible for paying for pharmaceutical products, both government agencies and private payors worldwide are actively engaged in efforts to control healthcare costs. According to Frost and Sullivan’s Global Generic Pharmaceuticals Market Forecast to 2020 , approximately 80% of adults above age 65 globally have at least one chronic disorder, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, or cancer. As this segment of the population grows, budgetary constraints provide an impetus for healthcare payors to find cost-effective alternatives to higher-priced branded pharmaceutical drug products. Accordingly, governments and the private sector have been encouraging the use of generic pharmaceutical products, as evidenced by their promotion of the substitution of generic pharmaceutical products for their branded equivalents. According to the Association for Accessible Medicines, the use of generic pharmaceutical products saved patients and taxpayers $253 billion in 2016; over the last decade, it is estimated that the U.S. healthcare system has saved $1.67 trillion due to the availability of low-cost generic pharmaceutical products. As significant cost-containment measures continue to be implemented by healthcare payors globally, we expect demand for generic pharmaceutical products to remain strong.
Growing acceptance of biosimilars
A biosimilar is a biological product that is highly similar to the original reference biological product, and with respect to which there are no clinically meaningful differences between the biological product at issue and the reference product in terms of the safety, purity, and potency of the product. In 2009, Congress passed the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009, which created an abbreviated licensure pathway for biosimilar products. Over the last eight years, both traditional generic pharmaceutical product competitors and those not previously involved in the marketing of small molecule pharmaceutical products have begun shifting towards the development and commercialization of biosimilars given the significant market opportunity and current unmet need for less expensive biologics. While the market for these pharmaceuticals is nascent, the global biosimilar market is expected to reach $20 billion by 2025, according to Bank of America Merrill Lynch Global Research estimates. This secular shift will provide a major growth driver for generics companies with the ability to develop and/or commercialize biosimilar products.
Sales & Marketing and Customers
In the United States and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, we market our products primarily through wholesalers and distributors, retail pharmacies, mail-order pharmacies and directly into hospitals and institutions. The majority of our generic pharmaceutical products are marketed through wholesalers. Our sterile injectable products, while generally also marketed through wholesalers, are occasionally sold directly to large hospitals and institutions. Some of our wholesalers purchase products and warehouse them for retail drug stores, independent pharmacies and managed care organizations, such as hospitals, nursing homes, health maintenance organizations, clinics, pharmacy benefit management companies and mail-order customers. In Europe and other foreign
 
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jurisdictions, we sell our products to wholesalers, distributors, independent pharmacies and, in certain countries, directly to hospitals. Through a broad network of sales representatives, we adapt our strategy to different markets as dictated by such market’s respective regulatory and competitive landscapes. We have over 220 customers, some of which are part of large purchasing groups. For the year ended December 31, 2017, Amneal’s four largest customers accounted for approximately 56% of Amneal’s net revenue, broken out as follows: AmerisourceBergen Corporation 21%, Cardinal Health, Inc. 13%, McKesson Drug Co. 13%, and CVS Caremark 9%. In 2017, the three major customers of Impax, Cardinal Health, McKesson Corporation, and Amerisource-Bergen, accounted for 33%, 30%, and 25%, respectively, or an aggregate of 88%, of Impax’s gross revenue.
We have no long-term agreements that guarantee future business with any of our major customers and the loss of or substantial reduction in orders from any one or more of these customers could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, future prospects and financial condition.
Raw materials
The raw materials, including the APIs used to manufacture our products are either purchased from distributors of bulk pharmaceutical chemicals that are generally available from several sources in the United States and throughout the world or, as determined on a product-by-product basis, manufactured in-house through our API facilities in Dahej and Vizag. In some cases, however, the raw materials, such as the API used to manufacture our products, are available only from a single supplier. Further, even if more than one supplier exists, we may choose, and have done so in the case of our API suppliers for a majority of our products, to list only one supplier in our product applications submitted to the FDA. Generally, we would need as long as 18 months to find and qualify a new sole-source supplier. If we receive less than one year’s termination notice from a sole-source supplier that it intends to cease supplying raw materials, it could result in disruption of our ability to produce the drug involved. Although to date, we have only experienced occasional interruptions in supplies, no assurance can be given that we will continue to receive uninterrupted or adequate supplies of such raw materials. Any inability to obtain raw materials on a timely basis, or any significant price increases not passed on to customers, could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Because legal and regulatory requirements mandate that our product marketing authorizations specify API and raw material suppliers, if a specified supplier were for any reason unable to continue to supply us, we would need to seek FDA approval of a new supplier. The resulting delay in the manufacture and marketing of the impacted pharmaceutical during the FDA process to qualify and approve the new supplier could, depending on the product, have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. We protect against the unlikely risk of such an event by generally providing for, where feasible, two or more suppliers of raw materials for the pharmaceutical products we manufacture, including those for which we manufacture API in-house. Additionally, we may enter into a contract with a raw material distributor in order to secure adequate supply for specific products.
Competition
The pharmaceutical industry is highly competitive and is affected by new technologies, new developments, government regulations, health care legislation, availability of financing, and other factors. Many of our competitors have longer operating histories and substantially greater financial, research and development, marketing, and other resources than it does. Competing manufacturers of generic pharmaceutical products create value for our customers by offering substitutes for branded pharmaceutical products at significantly lower prices, and at times we may not be able to differentiate our product offerings from those of our competitors, successfully formulate and bring to market new products that are less expensive than those of our competitors, or offer commercial terms as favorable as those of our competitors. We compete with numerous other companies that currently operate, or intend to operate, in the pharmaceutical industry, including companies that are engaged in the development of controlled-release drug delivery technologies and products, and other manufacturers that may decide to undertake development of such products. Our principal competitors in the generic pharmaceutical
 
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products market are Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Mylan N.V., Endo International plc, Sandoz and Fresenius Medical Care AG & Co. KGAA /Akorn, Inc., Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Lannett Company, Inc., and Lupin Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
By focusing on our high-value products with complex dosage forms and high barriers to entry, as well as taking advantage of our vertically integrated supply chain and selective use of internal API, we aim to manufacture more profitable products relative to our competition. However, there is no guarantee that this or any future strategy will enable us to compete successfully in the generic pharmaceutical industry.
The Hatch-Waxman Act amended the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (“ FDCA ”) and provided for a period of 180 days of generic marketing exclusivity for each applicant that is first-to-file an ANDA with a Paragraph IV certification. The holder of the approved ANDA that successfully challenges the relevant innovator drug patent(s) usually enjoys higher market share and sales during the 180-day period of exclusivity. When the exclusivity period concludes, other generic competitors may launch their versions of the product, which may cause significant price erosion and loss of market share. In cases where we are the holder of an ANDA for a FTF product, upon the expiration of the 180 day exclusivity period, we may adjust the price of such product and provide price adjustments to our customers for the difference between the lower price and the price at which we previously sold the product then held in inventory by our customers. These adjustments are commonly known as shelf stock adjustments. In certain circumstances, we may decide not to provide price adjustments to certain customers and, as a result, we may receive returns of unsold product from these customers and forego future sales volume as opposed to reducing pricing.
Authorized generic pharmaceutical products, which are generic versions of pharmaceutical products introduced by brand companies (directly or through a third party) under the brand’s new drug application (“ NDA ”) approval, have also increased competition in the generic pharmaceutical industry. Authorized generic pharmaceutical products may be sold throughout and subsequent to the 180-day exclusivity period and are a significant source of competition, because brand companies do not face any regulatory barriers to rapidly introducing generic versions of their pharmaceutical products.
Additionally, consolidation among wholesalers and retailers and the formation of group purchasing organizations (“ GPOs ”) has caused increased price competition in the generic pharmaceutical market. The downward price adjustments demanded by distributors of generic pharmaceutical products has reduced revenue and average product gross margin across the industry. Should these price reductions continue or even increase, it could have a material adverse effect on our revenue and gross margin.
The main competitive factors in the generic pharmaceutical market include:
 
 	•	 	a generic pharmaceutical products manufacturer’s ability to rapidly develop and obtain regulatory approval for and supply commercial quantities of generic pharmaceutical products;	
 
 	•	 	the introduction of other generic pharmaceutical manufacturers’ products in direct competition with our products;	
 
 	•	 	the introduction of authorized generic pharmaceutical products in direct competition with our products;	
 
 	•	 	consolidation among our customers and the formation of buyer consortia;	
 
 	•	 	pricing pressures by competitors and customers;	
 
 	•	 	product quality of our generic pharmaceutical competitors;	
 
 	•	 	our and our competitors’ breadth of product offerings across its portfolio;	
 
 	•	 	our ability and the ability of our generic pharmaceutical competitors to quickly enter the market after the expiration of patents or statutory exclusivity periods, limiting the extent and duration of profitability for our products;	
 
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 	•	 	the willingness of our customers to switch their source of supply of products among various generic pharmaceutical competitors;	
 
 	•	 	the ability of our generic pharmaceutical competitors to identify and market niche products;	
 
 	•	 	our and our competitors’ level of service (including maintenance of inventories for timely delivery) and reputation as a reliable developer and manufacturer of generic pharmaceutical products; and	
 
 	•	 	product appearance and labeling for our products and those of our competitors.	
In the brand-name pharmaceutical market, our principal competitors are pharmaceutical companies that are focused on Parkinson’s disease and other CNS disorders. In addition, with respect to products that we are developing internally and/or any additional products we may in-license from third parties, we expect that we will face increased competition from large pharmaceutical companies, drug delivery companies and other specialty pharmaceutical companies that have focused on the same disorders as our branded products.
A description of the competition we face from brand-name and generic pharmaceutical companies is included in “Risk Factors.”
Information Technology
Our information technology (“ IT ”) department utilizes industry-standard infrastructure to ensure strict compliance adherence and support reliable operations that enable our long-term growth and profitability goals.
Employees
As of December 31, 2017, Amneal had approximately 5,210 employees worldwide. Of these, there are approximately 1,853 employees in the United States and 3,357 outside of the United States, primarily in India. Global headcount is divided into the following functional areas: manufacturing/operations (approximately 2,610 full time employees), quality (approximately 1,206 full time employees), R&D (approximately 920 full time employees), sales and marketing (approximately 100 full time employees), and general & administrative (approximately 474 full time employees). None of Amneal’s employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. Amneal considers its employee relations to be good.
As of December 31, 2017, Impax had 1,257 full-time employees, of which 409 were in operations, 153 in research and development, 320 in the quality area, 210 in legal and administration, and 165 in sales and marketing. None of Impax’s employees are subject to collective bargaining agreements with labor unions, and Impax believes its employee relations are good.
Government regulation
The business of developing, manufacturing, selling and distributing generic products is subject to significant environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, including those governing laboratory procedures and the handling, use, storage, treatment and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes. These regulatory regimes are overseen by governmental bodies, principally the FDA and, as applicable, the Drug Enforcement Agency (“ DEA ”), FTC and several state and local government agencies in the United States and abroad. Failure to comply with the regulations of these governmental agencies may result in suspension of regulatory approval and potential civil and criminal actions against us. The regulatory environment, particularly enforcement positions, statues and legal interpretations applicable to the generic pharmaceutical industry are constantly in flux and not always clear. Significant changes in this environment could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
The FDCA, the Controlled Substances Act and other statutes and regulations govern the development, testing, manufacture, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, approval and promotion of our
 
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products. Failure to comply with these regulations can result in judicial and or administrative sanctions, such as product seizures, injunctions, fines and criminal prosecutions. The FDA has the authority to withdraw its approval of pharmaceuticals at any time, in accordance with its regulatory due process procedures, and can enforce the recall of products.
Pharmaceutical approval process in the United States
In the United States, FDA approval is required before any “new drug” may be marketed, including new formulations, strengths, dosage forms and generic versions of previously approved drugs. Generally, the following two types of applications are used to obtain FDA approval of a “new drug.”
New Drug Application (“NDA”). For a drug product containing an active ingredient not previously approved by the FDA, a prospective manufacturer must submit a complete application containing the results of clinical studies supporting the drug product’s safety and efficacy. A NDA is also required for a drug with a previously approved active ingredient if the drug will be used to treat an indication for which the drug was not previously approved or if the dosage form, strength or method of delivery is changed. The process required by the FDA before a pharmaceutical product may be approved for marketing in the U.S. generally involves the steps listed below, which could take from approximately three to more than ten years to complete.
 
 	•	 	Laboratory and clinical tests;	
 
 	•	 	Submission of an Investigational New Drug (“IND”) application, which must become effective before clinical studies may begin;	
 
 	•	 	Adequate and well-controlled human clinical studies to establish the safety and efficacy of the proposed product for its intended use;	
 
 	•	 	Submission of a NDA containing the results of the preclinical tests and clinical studies establishing the safety and efficacy of the proposed product for its intended use, as well as extensive data addressing such matters such as manufacturing and quality assurance;	
 
 	•	 	Scale-up to commercial manufacturing; and	
 
 	•	 	FDA approval of a NDA.	
As noted above, the submission of a NDA is not a guarantee that the FDA will find it complete and accept it for filing. The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing. It may refuse to file the application and instead request additional information, in which case, the application must be resubmitted with the supplemental information. After the application is deemed filed by the FDA, FDA staff will review a NDA to determine, among other things, whether a product is safe and efficacious for its intended use.
If, after reviewing the NDA, the FDA determines that the application cannot be approved in its current form, the FDA sends the NDA applicant a Complete Response Letter identifying all outstanding deficiencies that preclude final approval. The FDA then halts its review until the applicant resubmits the NDA with new information designed to address the deficiencies. An applicant receiving a Complete Response Letter may resubmit the application with data and information addressing the FDA’s concerns or requirements, withdraw the application without prejudice to a subsequent submission of a related application or request a hearing on whether there are grounds for denying approval of the application. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited to specific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. In addition, the FDA may require an applicant to conduct Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval, and may require surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products which have been commercialized. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval if ongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety or efficacy questions are raised after the product reaches the market. The agency may also impose requirements that the NDA holder conduct new studies, make labeling changes, implement Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies, and take other corrective measures.
 
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Abbreviated New Drug Application (“ANDA”). For a generic version of an approved drug—a drug product that contains the same active ingredient as a drug previously approved by the FDA and is in the same dosage form and strength, utilizes the same method of delivery and will be used to treat the same indications as the approved product—the FDA requires only an abbreviated new drug application that ordinarily need not include clinical studies demonstrating safety and efficacy. An ANDA typically requires only data demonstrating that the generic formulation is bioequivalent to the previously approved “reference listed drug,” indicating that the rate of absorption and levels of concentration of the generic drug in the body do not show a significant difference from those of the reference listed drug. In July 2012, the Generic Drug Fee User Amendments of 2012 (“GDUFA”) was enacted into law. The GDUFA legislation implemented fees for new ANDA applications, Drug Master Files, product and establishment fees and a one-time fee for back-logged ANDA applications pending approval as of October 1, 2012. In return, the program was intended to provide faster and more predictable ANDA reviews by the FDA and increased inspections of drug facilities. Under GDUFA, generic product companies face significant penalties for failure to pay the new user fees, including rendering an ANDA application not “substantially complete” until the fee is paid. Prior to the implementation of GDUFA, the FDA took an average of approximately 30 months to approve an ANDA. Following the implementation of GDUFA, the FDA’s stated internal goal for ANDAs submitted in fiscal year 2016 was to have a “first-action” goal date within 15 months of submission on 75% of submitted ANDAs. The “first-action” goal date is referred to by the FDA as the date in which the FDA takes a first action on an application by either granting approval or tentative approval or in the event of deficiencies, identifying those deficiencies in a complete response letter or in a refusal to receive the application.
The Hatch-Waxman Act established the modern regulatory system for generic pharmaceutical products by creating a standardized approach for generic pharmaceutical makers to file ANDAs and receive FDA approval for generic pharmaceutical products. In order to gain FDA approval, there are various regulatory hurdles that a prospective generic manufacturer must clear:
Current Good Manufacturing (cGMP) Practices
In order to obtain FDA approval for its products, a generic pharmaceutical manufacturer must demonstrate that its facilities comply with cGMP regulations. The manufacturer is required to comply with cGMP standards at all times during the production and processing of pharmaceuticals, and the FDA may inspect the manufacturer’s sites at any time to ensure compliance.
Safety and Efficacy
With respect to ANDA filings for generic pharmaceutical manufacturers, the FDA waives the requirement for certain clinical trials because manufacturers of the brand pharmaceutical product has already performed these studies and established the safety and efficacy of the reference pharmaceutical product. However, an ANDA filer is still required to conduct bioequivalence studies to test the generic pharmaceutical product against the brand pharmaceutical product. For most orally administered pharmaceutical products, bioequivalence between brand and generic is established when there is no statistically significant difference in the rate and extent to which the API from the product is absorbed into the bloodstream. For certain pharmaceutical products, such as topical, locally acting pharmaceutical products, other means of establishing bioequivalence may be required by the FDA. Additionally, an ANDA for a generic pharmaceutical product must contain other information, such as patent certifications and stability, chemistry, manufacturing and labeling data.
Patent Provisions
A branded pharmaceutical product is usually protected under patents granted by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office that allow only the pharmaceutical company that developed the pharmaceutical product to market and sell such product. For a generic pharmaceutical manufacturer to introduce a generic version of a
 
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referenced branded pharmaceutical product, it must submit to the FDA an ANDA with a certification stating one of the following:
Paragraph I: That the required patent information relating to the patent for the referenced branded pharmaceutical product has not been filed
Paragraph II: That the patent for the referenced branded pharmaceutical product has expired;
Paragraph III: That the patent for the referenced branded pharmaceutical product will expire on a particular date; or
Paragraph IV: That the patent for the referenced branded pharmaceutical product is invalid or will not be infringed by the pharmaceutical product for which approval is being sought
Filing an ANDA with certifications under Paragraph I or II, referenced above, permits the ANDA to be approved immediately, if it is otherwise eligible. Filing an ANDA with certifications under Paragraph III, referenced above, indicates that the ANDA may be approved on the expiration date of the referenced branded pharmaceutical product’s patent. Under Paragraph IV, referenced above, a generic pharmaceutical manufacturer can challenge the patent of the branded referenced pharmaceutical product.
If the ANDA for a generic pharmaceutical product has a Paragraph IV certification, the filer must also notify the NDA and patent holders upon acceptance of the ANDA filing by the FDA (such notice the “ PIV Notice ”). The NDA and patent holders may initiate a patent infringement lawsuit in response, the filing of which automatically prevents the FDA from approving the ANDA until the earlier of (i) 30 months following receipt of the PIV Notice and/or (ii) a decision in the lawsuit that is favorable to the ANDA filer.
Generic pharmaceutical pricing
The pricing of a generic pharmaceutical product nearly always correlates to the number of companies manufacturing generic versions of such pharmaceutical product. A generic pharmaceutical product is usually at its highest price immediately after the first generic launch of the product, either because a single manufacturer has been granted 180-day exclusivity or because only a few manufacturers have entered the market due to other technical or operational obstacles to bringing such product to market, such as raw materials shortages or complex formulation. As additional generic manufacturers enter the market, the price of a generic pharmaceutical product typically falls as manufacturers compete on price to capture market share. Additionally, consolidation among wholesalers and retailers and the formation of GPOs has caused increased price competition in the generic pharmaceutical market.
Healthcare reform
In the United States, there have recently been multiple federal and state proposals related to the pricing of pharmaceuticals and other changes to the healthcare system. It is currently unclear what, if any, legislative proposals may be adopted or how governmental bodies and private payors will respond to such healthcare reform. As such, we cannot predict the impact of potential legislation on our business and cannot guarantee that such legislation will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Pharmaceutical pedigree laws
Various pharmaceutical pedigree laws, such as the Drug Supply Chain Security Act (“ DSCSA ”) enacted in 2014, require the tracking of all transactions involving prescription pharmaceutical products from the manufacturer to the dispensary (e.g. pharmacy). Compliance with such laws requires extensive tracking systems and tight coordination with customers and manufacturers. While we currently fully comply with these laws and
 
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intends to do so in the future, such legislation and government enforcement regarding these laws is constantly evolving. Failure to comply could result in fines, penalties or loss of business that could have a material adverse effect on our financial results.
Federal regulation of patent litigation settlements and authorized generic arrangements
Pursuant to the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003, generic and brand pharmaceutical companies must file with the DOJ and FTC certain agreements entered into between other brand and/or generic pharmaceutical companies in regards to the settlement of patent ligation and/or the manufacture and marketing of generic versions of branded pharmaceutical products. This requirement impacts the ways in which generic pharmaceutical companies resolve IP litigation and may result in an increase in private-party litigation against pharmaceutical companies and/or additional investigations by the FTC or other governmental organizations.
Other regulatory requirements
We are subject to the Maximum Allowable Cost Regulations, which limit reimbursements for certain generic prescription drugs under Medicare, Medicaid, and other programs to the lowest price at which these drugs are generally available. In many instances, only generic prescription drugs fall within the regulations’ limits. Generally, the pricing and promotion of, method of reimbursement and fixing of reimbursement levels for, and the reporting to federal and state agencies relating to drug products is under active review by federal, state and local governmental entities, as well as by private third-party reimbursers and individuals under whistleblower statutes. At present, the Justice Department and U.S. Attorneys Offices and State Attorneys General have initiated investigations, reviews, and litigation into industry-wide pharmaceutical pricing and promotional practices, and whistleblowers have filed qui tam suits. We cannot predict the results of those reviews, investigations, and litigation, or their impact on our business.
Virtually every state, as well as the District of Columbia, has enacted legislation permitting the substitution of equivalent generic prescription drugs for brand-name drugs where authorized or not prohibited by the prescribing physician, and some states mandate generic substitution in Medicaid programs.
In addition, numerous state and federal requirements exist for a variety of controlled substances, such as narcotics, that may be part of our product formulations. The DEA, which has authority similar to the FDA’s and may also pursue monetary penalties, and other federal and state regulatory agencies have far reaching authority.
The State of California requires that any manufacturer, wholesaler, retailer or other entity in California that sells, transfers, or otherwise furnishes certain so called precursor substances must have a permit issued by the California Department of Justice, Bureau of Narcotic Enforcement. The substances covered by this requirement include ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norpseudoephedrine, and phenylpropanolamine, among others. The Bureau has authority to issue, suspend and revoke precursor permits, and a permit may be denied, revoked or suspended for various reasons, including (i) failure to maintain effective controls against diversion of precursors to unauthorized persons or entities; (ii) failure to comply with the Health and Safety Code provisions relating to precursor substances, or any regulations adopted thereunder; (iii) commission of any act which would demonstrate actual or potential unfitness to hold a permit in light of the public safety and welfare, which act is substantially related to the qualifications, functions or duties of the permit holder; or (iv) if any individual owner, manager, agent, representative or employee of the permit applicant/permit holder willfully violates any federal, state or local criminal statute, rule, or ordinance relating to the manufacture, maintenance, disposal, sale, transfer or furnishing of any precursor substances.
Patents, Trademarks and Licenses
We own or license a number of patents in the U.S. and other countries covering certain products and product candidates and have also developed brand names and trademarks for other products and product candidates.
 
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Generally, the brand pharmaceutical business relies upon patent protection to ensure market exclusivity for the life of the patent. We consider the overall protection of our patents, trademarks and license rights to be of material value and acts to protect these rights from infringement. However, our business is not dependent upon any single patent, trademark or license.
In the branded pharmaceutical industry, the majority of an innovative product’s commercial value is usually realized during the period in which the product has market exclusivity. In the U.S. and some other countries, when market exclusivity expires and generic versions of a product are approved and marketed, there can often be very substantial and rapid declines in the branded product’s sales. The rate of this decline varies by country and by therapeutic category; however, following patent expiration, branded products often continue to have market viability based upon the goodwill of the product name, which typically benefits from trademark protection.
An innovator product’s market exclusivity is generally determined by two forms of intellectual property: patent rights held by the innovator company and any regulatory forms of exclusivity to which the innovator is entitled.
Patents are a key determinant of market exclusivity for most branded pharmaceuticals. Patents provide the innovator with the right to exclude others from practicing an invention related to the medicine. Patents may cover, among other things, the active ingredient(s), various uses of a drug product, pharmaceutical formulations, drug delivery mechanisms and processes for (or intermediates useful in) the manufacture of products. Protection for individual products extends for varying periods in accordance with the expiration dates of patents in the various countries. The protection afforded, which may also vary from country to country, depends upon the type of patent, its scope of coverage and the availability of meaningful legal remedies in the country.
Market exclusivity is also sometimes influenced by regulatory exclusivity rights. Many developed countries provide certain non-patent incentives for the development of medicines. For example, the U.S., the EU and Japan each provide for a minimum period of time after the approval of a new drug during which the regulatory agency may not rely upon the innovator’s data to approve a competitor’s generic copy. Regulatory exclusivity rights are also available in certain markets as incentives for research on new indications, on orphan drugs and on medicines useful in treating pediatric patients. Regulatory exclusivity rights are independent of any patent rights and can be particularly important when a drug lacks broad patent protection. However, most regulatory forms of exclusivity do not prevent a competitor from gaining regulatory approval prior to the expiration of regulatory data exclusivity on the basis of the competitor’s own safety and efficacy data on its drug, even when that drug is identical to that marketed by the innovator.
We estimate the likely market exclusivity period for each of our branded products on a case-by-case basis. It is not possible to predict the length of market exclusivity for any of our branded products with certainty because of the complex interaction between patent and regulatory forms of exclusivity, and inherent uncertainties concerning patent litigation. There can be no assurance that a particular product will enjoy market exclusivity for the full period of time that Impax currently estimates or that the exclusivity will be limited to the estimate.
In addition to patents and regulatory forms of exclusivity, we also market products with trademarks. Trademarks have no effect on market exclusivity for a product, but are considered to have marketing value. Trademark protection continues in some countries as long as used; in other countries, as long as registered. Registration is for fixed terms and may be renewed indefinitely.
Legal Proceedings
Our legal proceedings are complex, constantly evolving and subject to uncertainty. As such, we cannot predict the outcome or impact of the legal proceedings set forth below. While we believe we have valid claims and/or defenses to the matters described below, the nature of litigation is unpredictable and the outcome of the following proceedings could include damages, fines, penalties and injunctive or administrative remedies. For any proceedings where losses are probable and reasonably capable of estimation, we have accrued for such potential
 
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loss as described below. While these accruals have been deemed reasonable by our management, the assessment process relies heavily on estimates and assumptions that may ultimately prove inaccurate or incomplete. Additionally, unforeseen circumstances or events may lead us to subsequently change its estimates and assumptions. Unless otherwise indicated below, we are at this time unable to estimate the possible loss, if any, associated with such litigation.
There is substantial litigation in the pharmaceutical, biological and biotechnology industries with respect to the manufacture, use and sale of new products which are the subject of conflicting patent and intellectual property claims. One or more patents often cover the brand name products for which the Company is developing generic versions and the Company typically has patent rights covering the Company’s branded products.
Under federal law, when a drug developer files an ANDA for a generic drug seeking approval before expiration of a patent, which has been listed with the FDA as covering the brand name product, the developer must certify its product will not infringe the listed patent(s) and/or the listed patent is invalid or unenforceable (commonly referred to as a “Paragraph IV” certification). Notices of such certification must be provided to the patent holder, who may file a suit for patent infringement within 45 days of the patent holder’s receipt of such notice. If the patent holder files suit within the 45 days period, the FDA can review and approve the ANDA, but is prevented from granting final marketing approval of the product until a final judgment in the action has been rendered in favor of the generic drug developer, or 30 months from the date the notice was received, whichever is sooner. The Company’s generic products division is typically subject to patent infringement litigation brought by branded pharmaceutical manufacturers in connection with the Company’s Paragraph IV certifications seeking an order delaying the approval of the Company’s ANDA until expiration of the patent(s) at issue in the litigation. Likewise, the Company’s branded products division is currently involved in patent infringement litigation against generic drug manufacturers who have filed Paragraph IV certifications to market their generic drugs prior to expiration of the Company’s patents at issue in the litigation.
The uncertainties inherent in patent litigation make the outcome of such litigation difficult to predict. The potential consequences in the event of an unfavorable outcome in such litigation include delaying launch of the Company’s generic products until patent expiration. If the Company were to launch its generic product prior to successful resolution of a patent litigation, the Company could be liable for potential damages measured by the profits lost by the branded product manufacturer rather than the profits earned by the Company if we are found to infringe a valid, enforceable patent. For the Company’s branded products division, an unfavorable outcome may significantly accelerate generic competition ahead of expiration of the patents covering the Company’s branded products. All such litigation typically involves significant expense.
The Company is generally responsible for all of the patent litigation fees and costs associated with current and future products not covered by its alliance and collaboration agreements. The Company has agreed to share legal expenses with respect to third-party and Company products under the terms of certain of the alliance and collaboration agreements. The Company records the costs of patent litigation as expense in the period when incurred for products it has developed, as well as for products which are the subject of an alliance or collaboration agreement with a third-party.
We currently intend to vigorously prosecute and/or defend these proceedings as appropriate. From time to time, however, we may settle or otherwise resolve these matters on terms and conditions that we believe to be in the Company’s best interest. Resolution of any or all claims, legal proceedings or investigations could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and/or cash flow in any given accounting period, or on its overall financial condition.
Additionally, we manufacture and derive a portion of our revenue from the sale of pharmaceutical products in the opioid class of drugs, and may therefore face claims arising from the regulation and/or consumption of such products. See “Risk Factors—The development, manufacture and sale of our products involves the risk of product liability and other claims by consumers and other third parties, and insurance against such potential claims is expensive and may be difficult to obtain” for more information.
 
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Further information regarding legal and regulatory proceedings involving Amneal and Impax may be found in the notes to the financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Although the outcome and costs of the asserted and unasserted claims is difficult to predict, based on the information presently known to management, the Company does not currently expect the ultimate liability, if any, for such matters to have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Patent Defense Matters
Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Grunenthal GmbH v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. and ThoRx Laboratories, Inc. (Oxymorphone hydrochloride); Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Grunenthal GmbH v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Oxymorphone hydrochloride)
In November 2012, Endo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Grunenthal GmbH filed suit against ThoRx Laboratories, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Impax (“ThoRx”), and Impax in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging patent infringement based on the filing of ThoRx’s ANDA relating to Oxymorphone hydrochloride, Extended Release tablets, 5 mg, 7.5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg and 40 mg, generic to Opana ER ® . In January 2013, Endo filed a separate suit against Impax in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging patent infringement based on the filing of Impax’s ANDA relating to the same products. ThoRx and Impax filed an answer and counterclaims to the November 2012 suit and Impax filed an answer and counterclaims with respect to the January 2013 suit. A bench trial was completed in April 2015. In June 2016, the Court entered an amended judgment in both cases that the products described in Impax’s and ThoRx’s ANDAs would, if marketed, infringe certain claims of the patents asserted by Endo and Grunenthal. The Court also found that the asserted claims of patents owned by Endo were not invalid, but that the asserted claims of patents owned by Grunenthal were invalid. As a result, the Court enjoined Impax and ThoRx from marketing their products until expiration of the Endo patents in 2023. Appeals in these cases are pending. The appeals with respect to the Grunenthal patents are stayed. The Company and ThoRx moved to dismiss the appeals concerning the Endo patents. That motion is pending.
In November 2014, Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Mallinckrodt LLC filed suit against Impax in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware making additional allegations of patent infringement based on the filing of Impax’s Oxymorphone hydrochloride ANDA described above. Also in November 2014, Endo and Mallinckrodt filed a separate suit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware making additional allegations of patent infringement based on the filing of ThoRx’s Oxymorphone hydrochloride ANDA described above. ThoRx and Impax filed an answer and counterclaim to those suits in which they are named as a defendant. The cases were dismissed in February 2018.
Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. v. Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC (Mometasone furoate)
In March 2015, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp filed suit against Amneal in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware alleging patent infringement based on the filing of the Amneal’s ANDA for a generic alternative to Merck’s Nasonex ® product. The District Court trial was completed on June 22, 2016. The court issued an opinion finding that Amneal’s proposed generic product did not infringe the asserted patent. Merck filed an appeal of that decision with the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit which remains pending. Amneal launched its generic version of the product on April 5, 2017, prior to the rendering of an appellate court decision, and continues to sell the product as of the date of this prospectus. Amneal believes that it has substantial meritorious defenses to the claims alleged. However, these actions, if successful, could adversely affect Amneal and could have a material adverse effect on Amneal’s business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. v. Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, et. al. (Aripiprazole)
In March 2015, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. filed suit against Amneal in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey alleging patent infringement based on the filing of Amneal’s ANDA for a generic
 
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alternative to Otsuka’s Abilify ® tablet product. Otsuka filed an appeal with the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit related to rulings from the District Court regarding some of the patents-in-suit. The District Court has not yet set a trial date for the remaining patents-in-suit. Amneal, like a number of other generic manufacturers, has launched its generic version of Otsuka’s Abilify ® “at-risk,” prior to the rendering of an appellate court decision, and continues to sell the product as of the date hereof. Amneal believes that it has substantial meritorious defenses to the claims alleged. However, these actions, if successful, could adversely affect Amneal and could have a material adverse effect on Amneal’s business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, et al. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Apixaban)
On April 10, 2017, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company and Pfizer Inc. filed suit against Impax in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware alleging patent infringement based on the filing of Impax’s ANDA related to Apixaban Tablets, 2.5 mg and 5 mg, generic to Eliquis ® . Impax responded to the complaint on June 2, 2017 and Plaintiffs further responded on June 22, 2017. On September 22, 2017, the parties jointly filed a proposed schedule with the Court, proposing that Impax’s case and a number of related cases be consolidated. On November 3, 2017, the Court consolidated the related cases and set the case schedule. Fact discovery has commenced. Trial is scheduled for October 15, 2019.
Biogen MA Inc. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Dimethyl Fumarate)
On June 26, 2017, Biogen MA Inc. filed suit against Impax in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware alleging patent infringement based on the filing of Impax’s ANDA relating to Dimethyl Fumarate 120 and 240 mg capsules, generic to Tecfidera ® . Impax answered the complaint on October 16, 2017. On February 2, 2017, the Court consolidated the related cases and set the case schedule. A trial with respect to this complaint by Biogen MA Inc. is scheduled to begin on December 9, 2019.
On March 5, 2018, Biogen International GmbH filed a complaint in the matter Biogen International GmbH v. Impax Laboratories, Inc., based on the same ANDA, alleging infringement of two additional patents. The Company answered that complaint on March 26, 2018. No further schedule has been set with respect to this complaint.
Patent Infringement Matters
Impax Laboratories Inc., et al. v. Lannett Holdings, Inc. and Lannett Company (Zomig ® )
In July 2014, Impax filed suit against Lannett Holdings, Inc. and Lannett Company (collectively, “Lannett”) in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, alleging patent infringement based on the filing of the Lannett ANDA relating to Zolmitriptan Nasal Spray, 5mg, generic to Zomig ® Nasal Spray. The case went to trial in September 2016. On March 29, 2017, the District Court issued a Trial Opinion finding the asserted patents valid and infringed. On April 17, 2017, the District Court entered a Final Judgment and Injunction that, inter alia, bars FDA approval of Lannett’s proposed generic product prior to May 29, 2021. On May 12, 2017, Lannett filed a Notice of Appeal with the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. Briefing of Lannett’s appeal has been completed and oral argument occurred on April 5, 2018.
Impax Laboratories Inc., et al. v. Par Pharmaceutical, Inc. (Zomig ® )
On September 23, 2016, Impax filed suit against Par Pharmaceutical, Inc. (“Par”) in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, alleging patent infringement based on the filing of the Par ANDA relating to Zolmitriptan Nasal Spray, 2.5 mg and 5 mg, generic to Zomig ® Nasal Spray. On October 12, 2016, the parties stipulated to stay the case pending the outcome of the related case, Impax Laboratories Inc., et al. v. Lannett matter described above. On April 24, 2017, the parties stipulated that the stay shall remain in effect until the Impax Laboratories Inc., et al. v. Lannett matter is fully resolved. As such, Par has not yet filed an answer or counterclaims to the Impax’s complaint. The 30-month stay of approval for applicable to the Par ANDA has been tolled pending resumption of this case.
 
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Impax Laboratories Inc., et al. v. Actavis Laboratories FL, Inc. and Actavis Pharma Inc. (Rytary ® )
In September 2015, Impax filed suit against Actavis Laboratories FL, Inc. and Actavis Pharma Inc. (collectively, “Actavis”) in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, alleging patent infringement of U.S. Patent Nos. 7,094,427; 8,377,474; 8,454,998; 8,557,283; 9,089,607; 9,089,608, based on the filing of the Actavis ANDA relating to carbidopa and levodopa extended release capsules, generic to Rytary ® . Impax filed related actions alleging infringement of later-issued U.S. Patent No. 9,463,246 in December 2016 and of later-issued U.S. Patent No. 9,533,046 in May 2017. Both related actions were consolidated with the lead action. On December 15, 2017, the Patent and Trademark Office issued an Ex Parte Reexamination Certificate canceling all claims of the ‘427 patent; the parties subsequently stipulated to dismiss with prejudice all claims and counterclaims relating to the ‘427 patent. Fact discovery and claim construction briefing have concluded and a claim construction hearing was held on April 26, 2017. On May 9, 2017, the District Court issued a decision interpreting certain claim terms in dispute in the litigation. Subject to reservation of all rights to appeal the Court’s May 9, 2017 decision, the parties stipulated to dismiss without prejudice all claims and counterclaims relating to the ‘474, ‘998, and ‘607 patents, and the Court entered an order recognizing this stipulation on June 8, 2017. The parties have completed expert discovery and Actavis filed a summary judgment motion on October 23, 2017. On March 8, 2018, the Court issued an Opinion and Order, granting in part Actavis’s motion for summary judgment, finding no literal infringement of claims 1-3 and 5 of the ‘283 patent; claims 5, 8, 10, 13, 17, 18, and 19 of the ‘608 patent; claims 1, 9, 14, 17, 19, 21, 25, 26, 37, 40, 42, 44, 48, 49, 51, and 53 of the ‘246 patent; and claims 7, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 21, 30, and 31 of the ‘046 patent. The Court denied Actavis’s motion with respect to infringement under the doctrine of equivalents as to all claims, and further held that Actavis is precluded from raising certain non-infringement arguments as untimely disclosed. A four day trial is scheduled to begin on May 14, 2018.
Impax Laboratories, Inc. v. Sandoz Inc. (Rytary ® )
On March 31, 2017, Impax filed suit against Sandoz Inc. in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, alleging infringement of U.S. Patent Nos. 7,094,427; 8,377,474; 8,454,998; 8,557,283; 9,089,607; 9,089,608; 9,463,246; and 9,533,046, based on the filing of Sandoz’s ANDA relating to carbidopa and levodopa extended release capsules, generic to Rytary ® . Sandoz answered the complaint on March 22, 2018. Fact discovery has not yet commenced.
Impax Laboratories, Inc. v. Zydus Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. and Cadila Healthcare Ltd. (Rytary ® )
On December 21, 2017, Impax filed suit against Zydus Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. and Cadila Healthcare Ltd. (collectively, “Zydus”) in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, alleging infringement of U.S. Patent No. 9,089,608, based on the filing of Zydus’s ANDA relating to carbidopa and levodopa extended release capsules, generic to Rytary ® . Zydus has not yet answered or otherwise responded to the Complaint.
Other Litigation Related to Impax’s and Amneal’s Business
Solodyn ®  Antitrust Class Actions
From July 2013 to January 2016, 18 complaints were filed as class actions on behalf of direct and indirect purchasers, as well as by certain direct purchasers, against manufacturers of the brand drug Solodyn ® and its generic equivalents, including Impax.
On July 22, 2013, Plaintiff United Food and Commercial Workers Local 1776 & Participating Employers Health and Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On July 23, 2013, Plaintiff Rochester Drug Co-Operative, Inc., a direct purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
 
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On August 1, 2013, Plaintiff International Union of Operating Engineers Local 132 Health and Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California on behalf of itself and others similarly situated. On August 29, 2013, this Plaintiff withdrew its complaint from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, and on August 30, 2013, re-filed the same complaint in the United States Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On August 9, 2013, Plaintiff Local 274 Health & Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On August 12, 2013, Plaintiff Sheet Metal Workers Local No. 25 Health & Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On August 27, 2013, Plaintiff Fraternal Order of Police, Fort Lauderdale Lodge 31, Insurance Trust Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On August 29, 2013, Plaintiff Heather Morgan, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On August 30, 2013, Plaintiff Plumbers & Pipefitters Local 178 Health & Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On September 9, 2013, Plaintiff Ahold USA, Inc., a direct purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On September 24, 2013, Plaintiff City of Providence, Rhode Island, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Arizona on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On October 2, 2013, Plaintiff International Union of Operating Engineers Stationary Engineers Local 39 Health & Welfare Trust Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On October 7, 2013, Painters District Council No. 30 Health and Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On October 25, 2013, Plaintiff Man-U Service Contract Trust Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On March 13, 2014, Plaintiff Allied Services Division Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On March 19, 2014, Plaintiff NECA-IBEW Welfare Trust Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
 
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On February 25, 2014, the United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation ordered the pending actions transferred to the District of Massachusetts for coordinated pretrial proceedings, as In Re Solodyn (Minocycline Hydrochloride) Antitrust Litigation.
On March 26, 2015, Walgreen Co., The Kruger Co., Safeway Inc., HEB Grocery Company L.P., Albertson’s LLC, direct purchasers, filed a separate complaint in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania. On April 8, 2015, the Judicial Panel on Multi-District Litigation ordered the action be transferred to the District of Massachusetts, to be coordinated or consolidated with the coordinated proceedings. The original complaint filed by the plaintiffs asserted claims only against defendant Medicis. On October 5, 2015, the plaintiffs filed an amended complaint asserting claims against Impax and the other generic defendants.
On April 16, 2015, Rite Aid Corporation and Rite Aid Hdqtrs. Corp, direct purchasers, filed a separate complaint in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania. On May 1, 2015, the Judicial Panel on Multi-District Litigation ordered the action be transferred to the District of Massachusetts, to be coordinated or consolidated with the coordinated proceedings. The original complaint filed by the plaintiffs asserted claims only against defendant Medicis. On October 5, 2015, the plaintiffs filed an amended complaint asserting claims against Impax and the other generic defendants.
On January 25, 2016, CVS Pharmacy, Inc., a direct purchaser, filed a separate complaint in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania. On February 11, 2016, the Judicial Panel on Multi-District Litigation ordered the action to be transferred to the District of Massachusetts to be coordinated or consolidated with the coordinated proceedings.
The consolidated amended complaints allege that Medicis engaged in anticompetitive schemes by, among other things, filing frivolous patent litigation lawsuits, submitting frivolous Citizen Petitions, and entering into anticompetitive settlement agreements with several generic manufacturers, including Impax, to delay generic competition of Solodyn ® and in violation of state and federal antitrust laws. Plaintiffs seek, among other things, unspecified monetary damages and equitable relief, including disgorgement and restitution. On August 14, 2015, the District Court granted in part and denied in part defendants’ motion to dismiss the consolidated amended complaints. On October 16, 2017, the Court certified the Direct Purchaser Plaintiffs’ and End-Payor Plaintiffs’ classes. On October 30, 2017, Impax filed a petition for interlocutor appeal challenging the Court’s certification of the End-Payor Plantiffs’ class. On January 25, 2018, the Court denied Plaintiffs’ and Impax’s summary judgment motions. Trial began on March 12, 2018. During March 2018, the Company separately settled all claims with the direct purchaser plaintiff class, retailer plaintiffs and the end payor plaintiff class for a total settlement amount of $84.5 million. The settlements with the class plaintiffs are subject to court approval. The settlement with the direct purchaser plaintiff class was preliminarily approved by the Court on March 12, 2018, and a fairness hearing is scheduled for July 11, 2018.
Opana ER ® FTC Antitrust Suit
On February 25, 2014, Impax received a Civil Investigative Demand (“CID”) from the FTC concerning its investigation into the drug Opana ® ER and its generic equivalents. On March 30, 2016, the FTC filed a complaint against Impax, Endo, and others in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, alleging that Impax and Endo violated antitrust laws when they entered into a June 2010 co-promotion and development agreement and a June 2010 settlement agreement that resolved patent litigation in connection with the submission of Impax’s ANDA for generic original Opana ® ER. In July 2016, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss the complaint, and a motion to sever the claims regarding Opana ® ER from claims with respect to a separate settlement agreement that was challenged by the FTC. On October 20, 2016, the Court granted the motion to sever, formally terminating the suit against Impax, with an order that the FTC re-file no later than November 3, 2016 and dismissed the motion to dismiss as moot. On October 25, 2016, the FTC filed a notice of voluntary dismissal. On January 19, 2017, the FTC filed a Part 3 Administrative complaint against Impax with similar allegations regarding Impax’s June 2010 settlement agreement with Endo that resolved patent litigation in
 
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connection with the submission of Impax’s ANDA for generic original Opana ® ER. Impax filed its answer to the Administrative Complaint on February 7, 2017. Trial concluded on November 15, 2017. Post-trial briefing is complete and closing arguments were held February 15, 2018. A decision is pending.
Opana ER ® Antitrust Class Actions
From June 2014 to April 2015, 14 complaints were filed as class actions on behalf of direct and end-payor (indirect) purchasers, as well as by certain direct purchasers, against the manufacturer of the brand drug Opana ER ® and Impax.
On June 4, 2014, Plaintiff Fraternal Order of Police, Miami Lodge 20, Insurance Trust Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On June 4, 2014, Plaintiff Rochester Drug Co-Operative, Inc., a direct purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On June 6, 2014, Plaintiff Value Drug Company, a direct purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California on behalf of itself and others similarly situated. On June 26, 2014, this Plaintiff withdrew its complaint from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, and on July 16, 2014, re-filed the same complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On June 19, 2014, Plaintiff Wisconsin Masons’ Health Care Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On July 17, 2014, Plaintiff Massachusetts Bricklayers, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On August 11, 2014, Plaintiff Pennsylvania Employees Benefit Trust Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On September 19, 2014, Plaintiff Meijer Inc., a direct purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On October 3, 2014, Plaintiff International Union of Operating Engineers, Local 138 Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On November 17, 2014, Louisiana Health Service & Indemnity Company d/b/a Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Louisiana on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On December 12, 2014, the United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation ordered the pending actions transferred to the Northern District of Illinois for coordinated pretrial proceedings, as In Re Opana ER Antitrust Litigation.
 
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On December 19, 2014, Plaintiff Kim Mahaffay, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the Superior Court of the State of California, Alameda County, on behalf of herself and others similarly situated. On January 27, 2015, the Defendants removed the action to the United States District Court for the Northern District of California.
On January 12, 2015, Plaintiff Plumbers & Pipefitters Local 178 Health & Welfare Trust Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On March 26, 2015 Walgreen Co., The Kruger Co., Safeway Inc., HEB Grocery Company L.P., Albertson’s LLC, direct purchasers, filed a separate complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois.
On April 23, 2015, Rite Aid Corporation and Rite Aid Hdqtrs. Corp, direct purchasers, filed a separate complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois.
In each case, the complaints allege that Endo engaged in an anticompetitive scheme by, among other things, entering into an anticompetitive settlement agreement with Impax to delay generic competition of Opana ER ® and in violation of state and federal antitrust laws. Plaintiffs seek, among other things, unspecified monetary damages and equitable relief, including disgorgement and restitution. Consolidated amended complaints were filed on May 4, 2015 by direct purchaser plaintiffs and end-payor (indirect) purchaser plaintiffs.
On July 3, 2015, defendants filed motions to dismiss the consolidated amended complaints, as well as the complaints of the “Opt-Out Plaintiffs” (Walgreen Co., The Kruger Co., Safeway Inc., HEB Grocery Company L.P., Albertson’s LLC, Rite Aid Corporation and Rite Aid Hdqtrs. Corp.).
On February 1, 2016, CVS Pharmacy, Inc. filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. The parties agreed that CVS Pharmacy, Inc. would be bound by the court’s ruling on the defendants’ motion to dismiss the Opt-Out Plaintiffs’ complaints.
On February 10, 2016, the court granted in part and denied in part defendants’ motion to dismiss the end-payor purchaser plaintiffs’ consolidated amended complaint, and denied defendants’ motion to dismiss the direct purchaser plaintiffs’ consolidated amended complaint. The end-payor purchaser plaintiffs have filed a second consolidated amended complaint and Impax has moved to dismiss certain state law claims.
On February 25, 2016, the court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss the Opt-Out Plaintiffs’ complaints, with leave to amend. The Opt-Out Plaintiffs and CVS Pharmacy, Inc. have filed amended complaints and Impax has filed its answer.
Discovery is ongoing. No trial date has been scheduled.
Sergeants Benevolent Association Health & Welfare Fund v. Actavis, PLC, et. al.
In August 2015, a complaint was filed against Amneal in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York involving patent litigation settlement agreements between Amneal and Forest Laboratories. Amneal was one of a number of pharmaceutical companies named in the lawsuit. The settlement agreement at issue settled the patent litigation between Forest Laboratories and Amneal regarding Namenda © immediate release tablets. On September 13, 2016, the court denied the defendants’ motion to dismiss with respect to the federal claims and stayed the state law claims pending against Amneal and the other generic pharmaceutical company defendants until the federal claims are resolved. The court denied the defendants’ motion to dismiss with respect to the state law claims without prejudice to renew the motion after the federal claims have been resolved. The court cited the interests of judicial economy and the myriad state antitrust and unfair business practices laws as
 
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the basis for severing the state law claims and placing them on the court’s inactive docket. The court’s decision places the entirety of the claims pending against Amneal and the other generic pharmaceutical companies on the court’s inactive docket, which effectively stays the litigation as to Amneal until the federal claims are resolved or until the court removes those claims from its inactive docket. Amneal believes that it has substantial meritorious defenses to the claims alleged. However, these actions, if successful, could adversely affect Amneal and could have a material adverse effect on Amneal’s business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
United States Department of Justice Investigations
Previously on November 6, 2014, Impax disclosed that one of its sales representatives received a grand jury subpoena from the Antitrust Division of the United States Justice Department (the “Justice Department”). In connection with this same investigation, on March 13, 2015, Impax received a grand jury subpoena from the Justice Department requesting the production of information and documents regarding the sales, marketing, and pricing of certain generic prescription medications. In particular, the Justice Department’s investigation currently focuses on four generic medications: digoxin tablets, terbutaline sulfate tablets, prilocaine/lidocaine cream, and calcipotriene topical solution. Impax has been cooperating and intends to continue cooperating with the investigation. However, no assurance can be given as to the timing or outcome of the investigation.
Attorney General of the State of Connecticut Interrogatories and Subpoena Duces Tecum
On July 14, 2014, Impax received a subpoena and interrogatories (the “Subpoena”) from the State of Connecticut Attorney General (“Connecticut AG”) concerning its investigation into sales of Impax’s generic product, digoxin. According to the Connecticut AG, the investigation is to determine whether anyone engaged in a contract, combination or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce which has the effect of (i) fixing, controlling or maintaining prices or (ii) allocating or dividing customers or territories relating to the sale of digoxin in violation of Connecticut state antitrust law. Impax intends to cooperate with the Connecticut AG in producing documents and information in response to the Subpoena. To the knowledge of Impax, no proceedings by the Connecticut AG have been initiated against Impax at this time; however no assurance can be given as to the timing or outcome of this investigation.
Texas State Attorney General Civil Investigative Demand
On May 27, 2014, a civil investigative demand (“ CID ”) was served on Amneal by the Office of the Attorney General for the state of Texas (the “ Texas AG ”) relating to products distributed by Amneal under a specific Amneal labeler code. Shortly thereafter, Amneal received a second CID with respect to the same products sold by Interpharm Holding, Inc. (“Interpharm”), the assets of which had been acquired by Amneal in June 2008. Amneal completed its production of the direct and indirect sales transaction data in connection with the products at issue and provided this information to the Texas AG in November 2015. In May 2016, the Texas AG delivered two settlement demands to Amneal in connection with alleged overpayments made by the State of Texas for such products under its Medicaid programs. For the Amneal and Interpharm products at issue, the Texas AG’s initial demand was for an aggregate total of $36 million based on $16.2 million in alleged overpayments. After analyzing the Texas AG’s demand, Amneal raised certain questions regarding the methodology used in the Texas AG’s overpayment calculations, including the fact that the calculations treated all pharmacy claims after 2012 for the products at issue as claims for over-the-counter (“ OTC ”) drugs, even though the products were prescription pharmaceuticals. This had the effect of increasing the alleged overpayment because the dispensing fee for OTC drugs was lower than that for prescription drugs. Therefore the Texas AG’s calculations were derived by subtracting a lower (and incorrect) OTC dispensing fee from the higher (and correct) prescription dispensing fee. The Texas AG later acknowledged this discrepancy and is in the process of re-calculating the alleged overpayment.
In re Generic Pharmaceuticals Pricing Antitrust Litigation
From March 2016 to April 2017, 22 complaints were filed as class actions on behalf of direct and indirect purchasers against manufacturers of generic digoxin and doxycycline and Impax alleging a conspiracy to fix,
 
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maintain and/or stabilize prices of these generic products. From January 2017 to April 2017, three complaints were filed on behalf of indirect purchasers against manufacturers of generic lidocaine/prilocaine and Impax alleging a conspiracy to fix, maintain and/or stabilize prices of these generic products.
On March 2, 2016, Plaintiff International Union of Operating Engineers Local 30 Benefits Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated. The plaintiff filed an amended complaint on June 9, 2016.
On March 25, 2016, Plaintiff Tulsa Firefighters Health and Welfare Trust, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On March 25, 2016, Plaintiff NECA-IBEW Welfare Trust Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On April 4, 2016, Plaintiff Pipe Trade Services MN, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On April 25, 2016, Plaintiff Edward Carpinelli, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On April 27, 2016, Plaintiff Fraternal Order of Police, Miami Lodge 20, Insurance Trust Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On May 2, 2016, Plaintiff Nina Diamond, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On May 5, 2016, Plaintiff UFCW Local 1500 Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On May 6, 2016, Plaintiff Minnesota Laborers Health and Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On May 12, 2016, Plaintiff the City of Providence, Rhode Island, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On May 18, 2016, Plaintiff KPH Healthcare Services, Inc. a/k/a Kinney Drugs, Inc., a direct purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On May 19, 2016, Plaintiff Philadelphia Federation of Teachers Health and Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
 
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On June 8, 2016, Plaintiff United Food & Commercial Workers and Employers Arizona Health and Welfare Trust, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On June 17, 2016, Plaintiff Ottis McCrary, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On June 20, 2016, Plaintiff Rochester Drug Co-Operative, Inc., a direct purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On June 27, 2016, Plaintiff César Castillo Inc., a direct purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On June 29, 2016, Plaintiff Plumbers & Pipefitters Local 33 Health and Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On July 1, 2016, Plaintiff Plumbers & Pipefitters Local 178 Health and Welfare Trust Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On July 15, 2016, Plaintiff Ahold USA, Inc., a direct purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On September 7, 2016, Plaintiff United Here Health, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On September 20, 2016, Plaintiff Valerie Velardi, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On January 13, 2017, Plaintiff International Union of Operating Engineers Local 30 Benefits Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated against manufacturers of generic lidocaine/prilocaine and Impax alleging a conspiracy to fix, maintain and/or stabilize prices of this generic drug.
On April 17, 2017, Plaintiff UFCW Local 1500 Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated against manufacturers of generic lidocaine/prilocaine and Impax alleging a conspiracy to fix, maintain and/or stabilize prices of this generic drug.
On April 25, 2017, Plaintiff Louisiana Health Service Indemnity Company, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated against manufacturers of generic lidocaine/prilocaine and Impax alleging a conspiracy to fix, maintain and/or stabilize prices of this generic drug.
On May 19, 2016, several indirect purchaser plaintiffs filed a motion with the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation to transfer and consolidate the actions in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of
 
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Pennsylvania. The Judicial Panel ordered the actions consolidated in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania and ordered that the actions be renamed “ In re Generic Digoxin and Doxycycline Antitrust Litigation ” .  On January 27, 2017, plaintiffs filed two consolidated class action complaints. With respect to doxycycline, the plaintiffs dropped their allegations against Impax. On March 28, 2017, Impax, separately and along with other defendants, filed motions to dismiss the digoxin class action complaint. On April 6, 2017, the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation ordered the consolidation of all civil actions involving allegations of antitrust conspiracies in the generic pharmaceutical industry regarding 18 generic drugs to the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The consolidated actions have been renamed  In re Generic Pharmaceuticals Pricing Antitrust Litigation . On October 6, 2017, Impax filed a motion to dismiss the digoxin complaint. Briefing on the motion to dismiss is complete and a decision is pending. On February 9, 2018, the Court issued an order denying the discovery stay and allowing certain fact discovery to proceed.
On January 19, 2018, Plaintiffs The Kroger Co., Albertsons Companies, LLC, and H.E. Butt Grocery Company L.P., opt-outs, filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania against 35 companies, including Impax, alleging a conspiracy to fix, maintain and/or stabilize prices of thirty drugs and specifically digoxin and lidocaine/prilocaine with respect to Impax. No schedule has been set.
AWP Litigation
On December 30, 2015, Plumbers’ Local Union No. 690 Health Plan and others similarly situated filed a class action against several generic drug manufacturers, including Impax, in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, Civil Trial Division, alleging that Impax and others violated the law, including the Pennsylvania Unfair Trade Practices and Consumer Protection law, by inflating the Average Wholesale Price (“AWP”) of certain generic drugs. The case has since been removed to federal court in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. By virtue of an amended complaint filed on March 29, 2016, the suit has been amended to comprise a nationwide class of third party payors that allegedly reimbursed or purchased certain generic drugs based on AWP and to assert causes of action under the laws of other states in addition to Pennsylvania. On May 17, 2016, this case was stayed. On January 18, 2017, Impax, along with the other defendants, filed a joint motion to dismiss the complaint. On September 15, 2017, the Court dismissed the complaint with prejudice. The time period to file an appeal has elapsed.
On February 5, 2016, Delaware Valley Health Care Coalition filed a lawsuit based on substantially similar allegations in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, Civil Trial Division that seeks declaratory judgment. On May 20, 2016, this case was stayed pending resolution of the federal court action described above.
Impax Laboratories, Inc. v. Turing Pharmaceuticals AG
On May 2, 2016, Impax filed suit against Turing Pharmaceuticals AG (“Turing”) in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging breach of the terms of the contract by which Turing purchased from Impax the right to sell the drug Daraprim ® , as well as the right to sell certain Daraprim ® inventory (the “Purchase Agreement”). Specifically, Impax seeks (i) a declaratory judgment that Impax may revoke Turing’s right to sell Daraprim ® under Impax’s labeler code and national drug codes; (ii) specific performance to require Turing to comply with its obligations under the Purchase Agreement for past due reports and for reports going forward; and (iii) money damages to remedy Turing’s failure to reimburse Impax for chargebacks and Medicaid rebate liability when due, currently in excess of $40.9 million, and for future amounts that may be due. Turing has filed its answer and a counterclaim against Impax alleging breach of contract and breach of the duty of good faith and fair dealing. Discovery is closed. On October 14, 2016, Impax filed a motion for summary judgment. The District Court issued its order on September 29, 2017. The Court found that Turing breached the Purchase Agreement by failing to reimburse Impax for Medicaid rebate liability, however, the Court also found that the Company breached the Purchase Agreement by not
 
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filing a restatement with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services at Turing’s request. Therefore, Impax was not entitled to damages. On October 13, 2017, Impax filed a Motion for Clarification / Reconsideration of the Summary Judgment Order. Briefing on the motion is complete and a decision is pending.
Telephone Consumer Protection Act Cases
On January 31, 2017, Plaintiff Family Medicine Pharmacy LLC filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Alabama on behalf of itself and others similarly situated against Impax alleging violation of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, as amended by the Junk Fax Prevention Act of 2005 (the “Telephone Consumer Protection Act”). On March 27, 2017, Impax filed a motion to dismiss the complaint and plaintiff filed an amended complaint on April 10, 2017. On July 18, 2017, the parties reached an agreement in principle regarding the class settlement. On September 29, 2017, the District Court preliminarily approved the proposed class settlement. The Court held a hearing on March 6, 2018 regarding the final approval of the proposed class settlement.
On February 14, 2017, Plaintiff Medicine To Go Pharmacies, Inc. filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey on behalf of itself and others similarly situated against Impax alleging violation of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act. On April 17, 2017, Impax filed a motion to dismiss, transfer, or stay this case in light of the first-filed case described above. This case was transferred to the Southern District of Alabama. On September 15, 2017, the Court stayed this matter pending the final approval of the class settlement described above.
Securities Class Action
On April 17, 2017, Lead Plaintiff New York Hotel Trades Council & Hotel Association of New York City, Inc. Pension Fund filed an amended class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California on behalf of itself and others similarly situated against Impax alleging violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5. Impax filed its motion to dismiss the amended complaint on June 1, 2017 and briefing has been completed.
Shareholder Derivative Action
On February 22, 2017, Plaintiff Ed Lippman filed a shareholder derivative complaint in the Superior Court for the State of California in the County of Alameda on behalf of Impax against former executives, a current executive, and certain current members of the board of directors alleging breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, and corporate waste. This matter has been stayed pending the securities class action referenced above.
Securities Class Actions related to the Combination
On December 12, 2017 and December 14, 2017, Plaintiffs Susan Vana and David Stone, respectively, filed class action complaints in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California on behalf of themselves and others similarly situated against Impax alleging violations of Sections 14(a) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 generally alleging that the Registration Statement on Form S-4 related to the Combination contains false and misleading statements and/or omissions concerning the financial projections of Impax, Amneal, and New Amneal; Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC’s valuation analyses and Fairness Opinions relating to Impax and Amneal; potential conflicts of interest associated with one of Impax’s financial advisors and the Combination with Amneal; and background information of the proposed business combination, including confidentiality agreements entered into by Impax in connection with the Combination. On April 4, 2018, plaintiffs filed a Stipulation and Proposed Order voluntarily dismissing the actions and on April 5, 2018, the court issued an order to dismiss the actions. By no later than June 1, 2018, plaintiffs shall file any petition and supporting papers for an award of attorneys’ fees and expenses.
 
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Teva v. Impax Laboratories, Inc.
On February 15, 2017, Plaintiffs Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. and Teva Pharmaceuticals Curacao N.V. (“Teva”) filed a Praecipe to Issue Writ of Summons and Writ of Summons (precursor to a complaint) in the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas against Impax alleging that Impax breached the Strategic Alliance Agreement between the parties by not indemnifying Teva in its two litigations with GlaxoSmithKline LLC regarding Wellbutrin ® XL. Impax filed a Motion to Disqualify Teva’s counsel related to the matter, and on August 23, 2017, the Court denied Impax’s motion. Following the Court’s order, Teva filed its complaint. Impax has filed its appeal regarding the disqualification order, and oral argument will be held on April 10, 2018. The matter is currently stayed.
California Wage and Hour Class Action
On August 3, 2017, Plaintiff Emielou Williams filed a class action complaint in the Superior Court for the State of California in the County of Alameda on behalf of herself and others similarly situated against Impax alleging violation of California Business and Professions Code section 17200 by violating various California wage and hour laws. On October 10, 2017, Impax filed a Demurrer and Motion to Strike Class Allegations. On December 12, 2017, the Court overruled Impax’s Demurrer to Plaintiff’s individual claims, however, it struck all of Plaintiff’s class allegations. On March 13, 2018, Plaintiff filed her First Amended Complaint once again including the same class allegations. The Company plans on filing a Demurrer and Motion to Strike Class Allegations on April 12, 2018. Discovery is ongoing.
From time to time, we may become subject to other legal proceedings, claims or litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. In addition, we may receive letters alleging infringement of patents or other IP rights. If an unfavorable outcome were to occur in litigation, the impact could be material to our business, financial condition, cash flow or results of operations, depending on the specific circumstances of the outcome.
Environmental Laws
We are subject to comprehensive federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations that govern, among other things, air polluting emissions, waste water discharges, solid and hazardous waste disposal, and the remediation of contamination associated with current or past generation handling and disposal activities. Amneal and Impax are subject periodically to environmental compliance reviews by various environmental regulatory agencies. While it is impossible to predict accurately the future costs associated with environmental compliance and potential remediation activities, compliance with environmental laws is not expected to require significant capital expenditures and has not had, and is not expected to have, a material adverse effect on our business, operations or financial condition.
Other Information
Unless otherwise indicated, all product sales data and U.S. market size data in this prospectus are based on information obtained from IMS Health, unrelated third-party providers of prescription market data. We did not independently engage IMS Health to provide this information.
Properties
Amneal owns or leases numerous properties in domestic and foreign locations. Amneal’s principal properties include manufacturing facilities, R&D laboratories, warehouses, and corporate offices. Amneal also has numerous smaller facilities that include sales and support offices and storage facilities throughout the world.
 
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The following table summarizes the primary properties owned or leased by Amneal and Impax.

Property Address	 	Legal
Status	 	 	Purpose	 	 	Expiration of Lease	 	
Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC	 				 				 				
280 Newport Center Drive, Newport, California, USA	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	Administrative, Sales and
Marketing	
 	 	 	June 30, 2020	 	
118 Beaver Trail, Glasgow, Kentucky	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	Administrative, Distribution
and Warehouse	
 	 	 	September 30, 2020	 	
40 Aberdeen Drive, Glasgow, Kentucky	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	Warehouse	 	 	 	September 30, 2020	 	
360 Moreland Road, Commack, New York	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	Warehouse	 	 	 	January 31, 2018; renewing
for 1 year	
 	
21 Colonial Drive, Piscataway, New Jersey	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	Warehouse	 	 	 	September 30, 2025	 	
39-49 Colonial Drive, Piscataway, New Jersey	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	Warehouse	 	 	 	October 31, 2024	 	
1045 Centennial Ave, Piscataway, New Jersey	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	R&D; manufacturing in 2018	 	 	 	November 30, 2025	 	
131 Chambersbrook Rd., Branchburg, New Jersey	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	Manufacturing	 	 	 	December 5, 2027	 	
65 Readington, Branchburg, New Jersey	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	Manufacturing	 	 	 	December 5, 2027	 	
One New England Avenue, Piscataway, New Jersey	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	Manufacturing	 	 	 	February 28, 2031	 	
1041 US Highway 202/206, Bridgewater, New Jersey	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	Subleased to Kashiv
Pharmaceuticals LLC	
 	 	 	April 30, 2018	 	
209 McLean Blvd., Paterson, New Jersey	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	Manufacturing	 	 	 	July 31, 2018; closing
March 31, 2018	 
 	
19 Readington Road, Branchburg, New Jersey	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	Warehouse	 	 	 	May 31, 2022	 	
400 Crossing Boulevard, Third Floor, Bridgewater, New Jersey	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	Warehouse	 	 	 	May 31, 2022	 	
One Murray Road, East Hanover, New Jersey	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	Packaging	 	 	 	April 30, 2022	 	
1041 U.S. Highway 202/206, Bridgewater, New Jersey	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	N/A	 	 	 	September 30, 2025	 	
Amneal Biosciences LLC	 				 				 				
400 Crossing Boulevard, Bridgewater, New Jersey	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	Administrative—Amneal
Biosciences LLC	 
 	 	 	Month-to-month	 	
Amneal Pharmaceuticals of New York, LLC	 				 				 				
50 Horseblock Road, (Yaphank) Brookhaven, New York	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	Manufacturing, R&D,
Quality and Regulatory	 
 	 	 	June 30, 2043	 	
75 Adams, Hauppage, New York	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	Manufacturing, R&D,
Quality and Regulatory	 
 	 	 	March 31, 2021	 	
 
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Property Address	 	Legal
Status	 	 	Purpose	 	 	Expiration of Lease	 	
Amneal Ireland Ltd	 				 				 				
Cahir Road, Cashel Co, Tipperary, Ireland	 	 	Owned	 	 	 	R&D with manufacturing
once product approved	 
 	 	 	N/A	 	
Creo Pharma Limited	 				 				 				
Felsted Business Centre, Felsted, Essex, United Kington	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	Administrative, Sales and
Marketing	 
 	 	 	June 19, 2019	 	
Amneal Pharmaceuticals Company GmbH	 				 				 				
Turmstrasse 30, 6312 Steinhausen, Zug, Switzerland	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	Administrative	 	 	 	June 30, 2018	 	
Amneal Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd	 				 				 				
881/1 and 871, Near Hotel Karnavati, Vill Rajoda, Tal Bavla, Ahmedabad—380001	 	 	Owned	 	 	 	Oral Solids Manufacturing
and R&D	 
 	 	 	N/A	 	
Plot No 15-16-17, Pharmasez, SARKHEJ BALVA HIGHWAY NH NO. 8A VILLAGE MATODA	 	 	Leased	 	 	 	Oral Solids & Injectables
Manufacturing and R&D	 
 	 	 	December 31, 2109	 	
509-514 Venus Atlantis, Nr Shell Petrol Pump, Prahladnagar, Satellite, Ahmedabad 380 015	 	 	Leased	 	 	 	Corporate Office	 	 	 	April 30, 2022	 	
Magnet Park, Corporate House No 18, Sarkhej Gandhinagar Highway, Thaltej, Ahmedabad	 	 	Leased	 	 	 	Corporate Office	 	 	 	April 30, 2022	 	
Magnet Park, Corporate House No 18, Sarkhej Gandhinagar Highway, Thaltej, Ahmedabad	 	 	Leased	 	 	 	R&D (Injectables)	 	 	 	February 26, 2026	 	
Plot No 99, Gallops Industrial Park, Village Rajoda, Bavla, Ahmedabad 382 220	 	 	Leased	 	 	 	Additional Warehouse for
OSD	 
 	 	 	February 28, 2022	 	
901-905, 906-910 & 911 Iscon Elegance, S.G.Highway, Ahmedabad	 	 	Leased	 	 	 
	Corporate Office
(lease deed executed)	 
 	 	 	December 31, 2027	 	
Amneal Oncology Pvt Ltd	 				 				 				
Plot S3, S4 & S5 -A, TSIIC,SEZ, JADCHERLA TELANGANA MAHABUBNAGAR 509302	 	 	Leased	 	 	 	Oncology R&D &
Manufacturing	 
 	 	 	August 23, 2044	 	
H No. 5-250/1/E, Vijaynagar Colony, Jedcharla, Mandal, Mahabubnagar	 	 	Leased	 	 	 	Corporate lodging	 	 	 
	November 30, 2017
(renewable by mutual
agreement)	 

Raks Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd	 				 				 				
PLOT NO 68 SY NO 60,62&63 OFE BONAMGI REVENUE VILLAGE PARAWADA MANDAL AP 008 VISAKHAPATAM APANDHRA PRADESH, 530001	 	 	Owned	 	 	 	API Manufacturing and
R&D	 
 	 	 	N/A	 	
PLOT NO Z/111/A DAHEJ SEZ, PART II DAHEJ, GUJARAT BHARUCH-392110	 	 	Leased	 	 	 	API Manufacturing	 	 	 	October 15, 2042	 	
 
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Property Address	 	Legal
Status	 	Purpose	 	Expiration of Lease	
105, Shriram Heights, Duvvada Station Rd., Kurmannapalam, Vishakhapatnam 530 036	 	Leased	 	Corporate lodging	 	March 31, 2017, renewable
by mutual agreement	
55, Rang Platinum, Opp A.B.C. Colony, Dahej Bypass Road, Bharuch (3HBK)	 	Leased	 	Corporate lodging	 	March 31, 2017, renewable
by mutual agreement	
55, Rang Platinum, Opp A.B.C. Colony, Dahej Bypass Road, Bharuch (3HBK)	 	Leased	 	Corporate lodging	 	November 30, 2017
(Renewal in process)	
Flat No. 301, 3rd Floor, R Square, Plot No 1C, Addagutta Society, Pragathi Nagar Road, JNTU Circle, K P H B Colony, Kukatpally, Hyderabad—500072	 	Leased	 	Day to day operations
Purchase Dept—RAKS	 	November 30, 2017
(Renewal in process)	
Zydus Infrastructure Private Limited ,	 		 		 		
Gr. Floor, Office Buildings Block no 3 and 4, National Highway no. 8A, Sarkhej Bavla Road, Matoda, Ahmedabad	 	Leased	 	Corporate office	 	March 31, 2018	
Impax’s primary properties consist of various owned and leased facilities in California, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. As of December 31, 2017, we also owned a significant manufacturing facility in Taiwan, R.O.C. classified as held for sale. The expiration dates of the lease agreements for Impax’s leased facilities are up to December 31, 2027. Impax’s properties are generally used to support the operations of both the Impax Generics division and the Impax Specialty Pharma division. The table below shows the square feet owned or leased by function at each location.

Location	  	Owned	 	  	Leased	 	  	Total	 	  	Function	
Hayward, CA	  	 	35,000	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	35,000	 	  	Research & development	
Hayward, CA	  	 	50,000	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	50,000	 	  	Manufacturing	
Hayward, CA	  	 	19,000	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	19,000	 	  	Administration & lab	
Hayward, CA	  	 	13,300	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	13,300	 	  	Manufacturing support	
Hayward, CA	  	 	—  	 	  	 	76,180	 	  	 	76,180	 	  	Warehouse & lab	
Hayward, CA	  	 	—  	 	  	 	45,000	 	  	 	45,000	 	  	Corporate offices	
Hayward, CA	  	 	—  	 	  	 	88,677	 	  	 	88,677	 	  	Manufacturing & lab	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  		
California Properties	  	 	117,300	 	  	 	209,857	 	  	 	327,157	 	  		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  		
Fort Washington, PA	  	 	—  	 	  	 	47,379	 	  	 	47,379	 	  	Administration	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  		
Middlesex, NJ	  	 	—  	 	  	 	37,500	 	  	 	37,500	 	  	Manufacturing*	
Middlesex, NJ	  	 	—  	 	  	 	18,593	 	  	 	18,593	 	  	Packaging*	
Middlesex, NJ	  	 	—  	 	  	 	816	 	  	 	816	 	  	Research & development *	
Middlesex, NJ	  	 	—  	 	  	 	32,516	 	  	 	32,516	 	  	Administration*	
Bridgewater, NJ	  	 	—  	 	  	 	32,806	 	  	 	32,806	 	  	Administration	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  		
New Jersey Properties	  	 	—  	 	  	 	122,231	 	  	 	122,231	 	  		
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  		
Taiwan	  	 	—  	 	  	 	397,917	 	  	 	397,917	 	  	Manufacturing#%	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  		
Totals	  	 	117,300	 	  	 	777,384	 	  	 	894,684	 	  		

#	This facility is on land that is leased from the state.	
*	Impax’s leases in Middlesex, NJ expire on March 31, 2018.	
%	Sold on February 6, 2018.	
 
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 MANAGEMENT
Executive Officers and Directors
The business and affairs of New Amneal are managed by or under the direction of the New Amneal Board. The Stockholders Agreement provides for the New Amneal director designation rights of Impax and Amneal. See the section entitled “ Certain Related Parties and Related Party Transactions — Stockholders Agreement ” for more information.
The table below lists (i) the persons nominated and elected to the New Amneal Board, along with the party to the Stockholders Agreement nominating each person, and (ii) the persons appointed as executive officers of New Amneal, along with each individual’s age and any other position that such individual holds with New Amneal.

Name	  	Position with New Amneal	 	  	Age	  	Nominated By	
Directors	  				  		  		
Paul M. Bisaro	  	 	Director	 	  	57	  	Impax	
Robert L. Burr	  	 	Lead Independent Director	 	  	67	  	Impax	
Chintu Patel	  	 	Co-Chairman	 	  	46	  	Amneal	
Chirag Patel	  	 	Co-Chairman	 	  	50	  	Amneal	
Robert A. Stewart	  	 	Director and Chief
Executive Officer	 
 	  	50	  	—  	
Executive Officers	  				  		  		
Bryan M. Reasons	  	 	Chief Financial Officer	 	  	50	  	—  	
Andrew Boyer	  	 	Executive Vice President,
Commercial Operations	 
 	  	52	  	—  	
The following is a brief biography of each director nominee of the New Amneal Board and individual expected to serve as an executive officer of New Amneal that is known as of the date of this prospectus.
Paul M. Bisaro served as Impax’s President and Chief Executive Officer and Director from March 27, 2017 to the completion of the Combination, and now serves as a director on the board of New Amneal. Mr. Bisaro previously served as Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors of Allergan plc (NYSE: AGN) (“Allergan”), a global pharmaceutical company (formerly Actavis plc) since July 2014 and previously served as Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Actavis until June 2014. Mr. Bisaro currently serves as a director on the board of Allergan. He was appointed President, Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of Actavis in September 2007 and he was appointed Chairman of the board of Actavis in October 2013. Prior to joining Actavis (formerly Watson Pharmaceuticals), Mr. Bisaro was President, Chief Operating Officer and a member of the board of Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Barr”), a global specialty pharmaceutical company, from 1999 to 2007. Between 1992 and 1999, Mr. Bisaro served as General Counsel of Barr, and from 1997 to 1999 served in various additional capacities including Senior Vice President, Strategic Business Development. Prior to joining Barr, he was associated with the law firm Winston & Strawn LLP and a predecessor firm, Bishop, Cook, Purcell and Reynolds LLP from 1989 to 1992. Mr. Bisaro served on the board of directors of Zimmer Biomet Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: ZBH) (“Zimmer Biomet”), a musculoskeletal healthcare company, from December 2013 to May 2017. Since May 2015, he has also served on the board of directors of Zoetis, Inc. (NYSE: ZTS), a producer of medicine and vaccinations for pets and livestock, and on the compensation and quality committees of such board. Since 2014, Mr. Bisaro has served on the Board of Visitors of The Catholic University of America’s Columbus School of Law. He also served as Chairman of the Board of the Generic Pharmaceutical Association (GPhA) in 2010 and 2011. Mr. Bisaro holds an undergraduate degree in General Studies from the University of Michigan and a Juris Doctor from The Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. Mr. Bisaro’s extensive experience in the pharmaceutical industry and in executive and chairman positions with publicly traded companies provides the board with unique insights into our operations, challenges and opportunities.
Robert L. Burr has served as Chairman of the Impax board from 2001 until completion of the Combination. Mr. Burr has been a self-employed investment manager since May 2008. Mr. Burr was employed by J.P. Morgan
 
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Chase & Co. and associated entities from 1995 to May 2008, at which time he resigned his position as Managing Partner of the Fleming US Discovery III Funds. From October 2001 to October 2005, Mr. Burr was also a Partner at Windcrest Discovery Investments LLC, an investment management firm. From 1992 to 1995, Mr. Burr was head of Private Equity at the investment banking firm Kidder, Peabody & Co., Inc. Prior to that time, Mr. Burr served as the Managing General Partner of Morgan Stanley Ventures and General Partner of Morgan Stanley Venture Capital Fund I, L.P. and was a corporate lending officer with Citibank, N.A. Mr. Burr received an MBA from Columbia University and a BA from Stanford University. Mr. Burr’s financial acumen and his extensive knowledge of capital markets represent a valuable resource to the board in the assessment of our capital and liquidity needs. In addition, Mr. Burr’s venture capital and private equity investment experience gives him the leadership and consensus-building skills to guide the board on a variety of matters, including compensation, corporate governance and risk assessment.
Chintu Patel was Amneal’s Co-Founder and served as Co-Chairman and Co-Chief Executive Officer of Amneal from 2002 to the completion of the Combination, and now serves as Co-Chairman of New Amneal. Mr. Patel holds a bachelor’s degree in pharmacy from Rutgers College of Pharmacy. With his brother, Chirag Patel, Mr. Patel built the Amneal Alliance Companies, a group of independent companies engaged in the development of healthcare technologies and products. The Amneal Alliance Companies include Adello Biologics, LLC (“Adello”) (engaged in the development of biosimilar pharmaceutical products), AmDerma Pharmaceuticals, LLC (“AmDerma”) (engaged in the development of dermatological products), Asana Biosciences, LLC (“Asana”) (an early stage drug discovery and R&D company focusing on several therapeutic areas, including oncology, pain and inflammation), Kashiv (engaged in the development of pharmaceutical products) and Prolong Pharmaceuticals LLC (“Prolong”) (an early stage biotechnology company focused on new branded hematology and oncology products). Mr. Patel serves on the management boards of each of these companies other than Kashiv. Mr. Patel also serves on the boards of the Long Island Association and the Make-a-Wish Foundation ® , and is a recipient of the Ernst & Young National Entrepreneur of the Year Life Sciences Award. Mr. Patel’s long experience as an entrepreneur in the healthcare industry as a co-founder and leader of numerous successful pharmaceutical businesses, including Amneal, gives him deep understanding of the pharmaceutical industry and extensive expertise in the wide range of strategic, commercial, R&D and operational matters relevant to Amneal.
Chirag Patel was Amneal’s Co-Founder and served as Co-Chairman and Co-Chief Executive Officer of Amneal from 2005 to the completion of the Combination, and now serves as Co-Chairman of New Amneal. Mr. Patel received his bachelor’s degree in commerce from H.A. College of Commerce, India and his B.S. in business administration from New Jersey City University. He also holds an honorary doctorate degree from New Jersey City University. With his brother, Chintu Patel, Mr. Patel built the Amneal Alliance Companies, a group of independent companies engaged in the development of healthcare technologies and products. The Amneal Alliance Companies include Adello (engaged in the development of biosimilar pharmaceutical products), AmDerma (engaged in the development of dermatological products), Asana (an early stage drug discovery and R&D company focusing on several therapeutic areas, including oncology, pain and inflammation), Kashiv (engaged in the development of pharmaceutical products) and Prolong (an early stage biotechnology company focused on new branded hematology and oncology products). Mr. Patel serves on the management boards of each of these companies other than Kashiv. Mr. Patel also serves on the boards of the Association for Accessible Medicines ® (formerly Generic Pharmaceutical Association), Liberty Science Center ® , the Art of Living Foundation ® , New Jersey City University Foundation and the Family Reach ® Foundation, and is a recipient of the Ernst & Young National Entrepreneur of the Year Life Sciences Award. Mr. Patel’s long experience as an entrepreneur in the healthcare industry as a co-founder and leader of numerous successful pharmaceutical businesses, including Amneal, gives him deep understanding of the pharmaceutical industry and extensive expertise in the wide range of strategic, commercial, financial and operational matters relevant to Amneal.
Robert A. Stewart served as Chief Executive Officer of Amneal from January 25, 2018 to the completion of the Combination, and now serves as Director and Chief Executive Officer of New Amneal. He most recently served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Allergan, a global pharmaceutical company beginning from May 2016 to December 2017 and previously at Allergan as President, Generics and Global
 
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Operations from March 2015 to May 2016, Chief Operating Officer from July 2014 to March 2015 and President, Global Operations, from August 2010 to July 2014. He previously served as Senior Vice President, Global Operations at Watson Pharmaceuticals from 2009 to August 2010 and held various positions with Abbott Laboratories, Inc. (NYSE: ABT), a multinational healthcare company, from 2001 until 2009 where he most recently served as Divisional Vice President, Global Supply Chain, Quality Assurance and prior to this position served as Divisional Vice President for U.S./Puerto Rico and Latin America Plant Operations. Preceding his time at Abbott Laboratories, Inc., he worked for Knoll Pharmaceutical Company from 1995 to 2001 and Hoffman La-Roche Inc. Mr. Stewart has been a North American Manufacturing board member since September 2016, and a member of the Fairleigh Dickinson University Board of Trustees since June 2017. He earned his Bachelor’s degree in Business Management and Finance from Fairleigh Dickinson University.
Bryan M. Reasons serves as the Chief Financial Officer of New Amneal. Mr. Reasons served as Impax’s Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer from December 2012 to the completion of the Combination and previously served as Impax’s Acting Chief Financial Officer from June 2012 to December 2012 and as Impax’s Vice President, Finance from January 2012 to June 2012. Since March 2017, Mr. Reasons has served on the audit committee of Recro Pharma, Inc. (NASDAQ: REPH), a specialty pharmaceutical company developing multiple non-opioid therapeutics or the treatment of acute post-operative pain. Prior to joining Impax in January 2012, Mr. Reasons served as Vice President, Finance, from January 2010 to November 2011 and as Vice President, Risk Management and General Auditor, from October 2005 to January 2010 at Cephalon, Inc. (“Cephalon”), a biopharmaceutical company. Following the acquisition of Cephalon by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., a generic pharmaceuticals company, he served as Vice President, Finance of Teva from November 2011 to January 2012. Prior to joining Cephalon, Mr. Reasons held various finance management positions at DuPont from 2003 to 2005 and served as senior manager at PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP from 1992 to 2003. Mr. Reasons has a Bachelor’s Degree in accounting from Pennsylvania State University and an MBA from Widener University and is a certified public accountant.
Andrew Boyer served as Amneal’s Executive Vice President, Commercial Operations from February 5, 2018 to the completion of the Combination, and now serves in the same capacity for New Amneal . Mr. Boyer received his bachelor’s degree in Business Administration and Management from State University of New York at Albany. Prior to joining Amneal, Mr. Boyer served as President & CEO of North America Generics, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Before that, Mr. Boyer was Senior Vice President of Sales and Marketing for the U.S. Generics Division at Allergan since September 5, 2006. Mr. Boyer joined Allergan in 1998 as Associate Director of Marketing in Generics. Before joining Allergan, Mr. Boyer served as National Accounts Manager for Lederle/American Cyanamid as well as Marketing Manager for Barr Laboratories. He serves as a Director of Association for Accessible Medicines.
Committees of the New Amneal Board of Directors
The New Amneal Board is expected to form the following board committees:
 
 	•	 	Audit Committee;	
 
 	•	 	Compensation Committee;	
 
 	•	 	Nominating Committee;	
 
 	•	 	Conflicts Committee; and	
 
 	•	 	Integration Committee.	
Chirag Patel, Chintu Patel and Paul M. Bisaro will serve on the Integration Committee. The membership of the other board committees has not been finalized as of the date of this prospectus.
 
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New Amneal Director Compensation
Compensation for directors of New Amneal is determined by the New Amneal Board. Compensation for service on the New Amneal Board will be provided only to the non-employee directors of New Amneal and will generally be consistent with the compensation provided to the current non-employee directors of New Amneal’s peer companies in the generic pharmaceuticals industry. The New Amneal Board will periodically assess the amount and terms of any compensation paid to directors of New Amneal.
The following table sets forth information concerning the compensation of individuals who provided services to Amneal prior to the completion of the Combination and who are expected to serve as non-employee directors of New Amneal during the year ended December 31, 2017:

Name	  	All Other
Compensation
($)	 	 	Total ($)	 	
Chintu Patel (1)	  	 	1,120,236	(2)  	 	 	1,120,236	 	
Chintu Patel (1)	  	 	1,124,116	(3)  	 	 	1,124,116	 	

(1)	Messrs. Patel and Patel each serve as Co-Chairman of the New Amneal Board, but neither serves as an executive officer of New Amneal. All of the compensation disclosed in this table for each of Messrs. Patel and Patel was earned or paid in connection with his service as Co-CEO of Amneal. Neither Mr. Patel nor Mr. Patel received additional compensation for his service as Co-Chairman of the Amneal Board.	
(2)	Consists of (i) $1,025,000 in salary paid to Mr. Chintu Patel for his service as Co-CEO of Amneal and (ii) $95,236 relating to the aggregate incremental cost associated with Mr. Patel’s use of a car and chauffeur provided by Amneal.	
(3)	Consists of (i) $1,025,000 in salary paid to Mr. Chirag Patel for his services as Co-CEO of Amneal and (ii) $99,116 relating to the aggregate incremental cost associated with Mr. Patel’s use of cars and a chauffeur provided by Amneal.	
The following table sets forth information concerning the compensation of Mr. Burr, who provided services to Impax prior to the completion of the Combination and who now serves as a non-employee director of New Amneal, during the year ended December 31, 2017:

Name	  	Fees Earned or Paid in
Cash
($)	 	  	Stock Awards
($) (1)	 	 	Option Awards
($) (1)	 	 	Total
($)	 	
Robert L. Burr (1)	  	 	130,000	 	  	 	71,750	(2)  	 	 	80,793	(3)  	 	 	282,543	 	

(1)	Consists of the aggregate grant date fair value of 4,735 shares of restricted stock and 10,575 stock options granted on May 16, 2017 under the Impax Laboratories, inc. Third Amended and Restated Equity Plan (the “Impax Equity Plan”) and computed in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, referred to as “ASC Topic 718,” and without giving effect to the estimate of forfeitures related to service-based vesting conditions.	
(2)	At December 31, 2017, Mr. Burr held 111,950 options to purchase shares of Impax common stock under the Impax Equity Plan.	
(3)	At December 31, 2017, Mr. Burr held 5,408 shares of restricted stock under the Impax Equity Plan.	
 
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 EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Prior to the completion of the Combination, we operated as two independent companies that each maintained separate equity incentive plans and executive compensation arrangements. Certain information about the compensation of individuals who provided services to Amneal and Impax prior to the completion of the Combination may be found in the sections entitled “Management—New Amneal Director Compensation” for Mr. Chirag Patel and Mr. Chintu Patel and below under “—2017 Continuing Impax Executive Officer Compensation Discussion and Analysis” (for Messrs. Paul Bisaro and Bryan Reasons) and “—Post-ombination Employment Agreements” (for Messrs. Paul Bisaro, Bryan Reasons, Robert Stewart and Andrew Boyer).
After the Combination, New Amneal now maintains the Atlas Holdings, Inc. 2018 Incentive Award Plan (the “2018 Plan”). New Amneal intends to grant equity-based awards and cash awards to eligible individuals (including selected employees and executive officers of New Amneal) under the 2018 Plan. The purposes of the 2018 Plan are (1) to promote the success and enhance the value of New Amneal by linking the individual interests of the members of the New Amneal Board and employees and consultants of New Amneal and its subsidiaries to those of New Amneal stockholders and by providing such individuals with an incentive for outstanding performance to generate superior returns to New Amneal stockholders and (2) to provide flexibility to New Amneal in its ability to motivate, attract, and retain the services of members of the New Amneal Board and employees and consultants of New Amneal and its subsidiaries upon whose judgment, talent, and special effort New Amneal’s success is largely dependent. For a more detailed description of the 2018 Plan, see the section entitled “Executive Compensation—Atlas Holdings, Inc. 2018 Incentive Award Plan . ”
2017 Continuing Impax Executive Officer Compensation Discussion and Analysis 1
The following discussion provides an analysis of Impax’s compensation program for, and discusses the material factors involved in Impax’s decisions regarding the compensation of, the following individuals (the “Continuing Impax Executive Officers”):
 
 	•	 	Paul M. Bisaro, who has served as Impax’s President and Chief Executive Officer beginning March 27, 2017; and	
 
 	•	 	Bryan M. Reasons, Impax’s Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer.	
The following discussion cross-references those specific tabular and narrative disclosures that appear following this subsection where appropriate.
2017 Performance Summary
Impax’s overall compensation goal is to reward its executive officers in a manner that supports its pay-for-performance philosophy while maintaining an overall level of compensation that Impax believes is reasonable and competitive. Although Impax experienced a slight decline in its total revenues for fiscal year 2017 compared to the prior year, Impax succeeded in executing on several strategic and operational objectives, including announcing its proposed pending business combination with Amneal in October 2017 pursuant to the terms of the BCA. During fiscal year 2017, Impax also completed a number of previously announced cost improvement and consolidation initiatives, approximately one year ahead of Impax’s proposed target completion date. Impax successfully closed its Middlesex packaging site and entered into a sales agreement with a third party for the sale of its Taiwan subsidiary, including the manufacturing facility. The sale of Impax’s Taiwan subsidiary subsequently closed during the first quarter of 2018.
Impax made significant progress in its product development and approval process during 2017 in both divisions of Impax. In Impax’s Generics Division, Impax launched nine new products, received approval of

1  	This Compensation Discussion and Analysis, as well as the following compensation disclosure, are presented without regard to the terms of the Combination.	
 
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seven new Abbreviated New Drug Applications, or ANDASANDAs, and filed five ANDAs with the FDA during 2017. In Impax’s Specialty Pharma Division, Impax received a positive Phase IIB study for IPX203, its follow on pipeline product to Rytary ® .
During fiscal year 2017, Impax attained total revenues of $775.8 million, a decrease of 6% compared to the prior year, and a net loss of $469 million, compared to a net loss of $472 million over the prior year.
Executive Team Changes
On March 27, 2017, Mr. Bisaro was appointed Impax’s President and Chief Executive Officer and as a member of the Impax Board.
Compensation Philosophy and Objectives
At its core, Impax’s executive compensation program recognizes that Impax’s success is dependent upon its ability to attract, motivate and retain the highly talented individuals Impax needs to achieve its business results. The program reflects the following key principles:
 
 	•	 	To attract, motivate and retain the best talent Impax can obtain, Impax’s  compensation should be competitive. Impax strongly believes that its future success rests with its people, including its executive officers. To be successful, Impax must be able to attract, motivate and retain quality executive officers. As compensation is a key tool to achieve this objective, one facet of Impax’s compensation program is to provide its executive officers pay amounts and components that are competitive with those of other companies in its industry and with which Impax competes for talent.	
 
 	•	 	Impax’s compensation program should encourage and reward positive  performance. Impax’s executive compensation program is designed to promote and reward positive performance. In doing so, Impax considers both the overall performance of its business as well as the individual performance of each executive. Positive performance on the part of Impax’s company and management will permit Impax’s executives to be eligible to receive incentive compensation. On the other hand, when Impax’s business is facing financial or other challenges or an individual executive does not meet stated objectives, this incentive compensation may be appropriately reduced or eliminated.	
 
 	•	 	Impax seeks to align the interests of its executives and  stockholders. Impax believes that equity compensation is an excellent way to encourage its executive officers to act in the best interests of its stockholders. Impax provides its executives with equity awards as part of their overall compensation to encourage equity ownership and to align their interests with those of Impax’s stockholders.	
 
 	•	 	Compensation should encourage teamwork and executive cohesion. While individual performance is carefully reviewed and considered, Impax has also maintained a philosophy of generally similar compensation for officers who are at similar executive levels. Impax believes that following such a plan of pay equity fosters teamwork and cohesion and discourages internal comparison of compensation packages among executives.	
 
 	•	 	Impax’s compensation program should balance its short- and long-term  financial and operational goals. Impax generally strives to achieve a balance between achievement of both short- and long-term goals through the use of both salary and annual cash incentives and equity-based incentives. Impax’s management incentive program primarily rewards short-term performance by paying out base salary and annual cash incentive awards based on performance over a period of one year. Equity-based awards are generally designed to reward long-term financial performance.	
Impax believes that the mix and design of the elements of its executive compensation does not encourage management to assume excessive risks and is not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on Impax.
 
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Impax’s Compensation Decision-Making Process
Role of Chief Executive Officer and Compensation Committee
In general, as to most items of compensation, Impax’s Chief Executive Officer annually evaluates the performance of each Impax executive, other than himself, and recommends to the Impax compensation committee each component of compensation for all of the Impax executives other than himself. Compensation that is generally not covered by Impax’s Chief Executive Officer’s evaluation includes benefits and other compensation mandated or determined by reference to an existing employment or similar agreement or benefits and other programs generally available to all of Impax’s employees.
As to the compensation of Impax’s Chief Executive Officer, the Impax compensation committee evaluates its Chief Executive Officer’s performance and discusses and determines the amount of and any changes to his compensation. The committee also evaluates Impax’s Chief Executive Officer’s proposals as to the compensation of other Impax executives, modified them as necessary and approves such compensation.
Generally, as part of its process of setting and approving the executive annual compensation, the Impax compensation committee reviews gains realized from prior compensation awarded or compensation to be received upon a future termination of employment or a change-in-control. Severance and change-in-control compensation is intended to maximize stockholder value and assure continuity of leadership by allowing executives to perform their duties without regard to any concerns that they may have regarding their continued employment or an acquisition of Impax.
Role of Compensation Consultants
In 2017, as in recent years past, Impax retained the consulting services of Radford, a division of the Aon Hewitt Company (which is a subsidiary of Aon Corporation), referred to as “Radford”, to assist in the evaluation of Impax’ compensation program for its executives. Radford was engaged by, and reports directly to, the Impax compensation committee, and the Impax compensation committee has the general authority to retain and dismiss compensation consultants.
Impax management did not specifically recommend Radford. Radford regularly meets with the Impax compensation committee and provides advice regarding the design and implementation of Impax’s executive compensation program as well as Impax’s director compensation program. In particular, upon the Impax compensation committee’s request, Radford:
 
 	•	 	advises the Impax compensation committee as to best practices and regulatory or legislative changes;	
 
 	•	 	provides market data and performs benchmarking;	
 
 	•	 	reviews and makes recommendations regarding executive and director compensation (including amounts and forms of compensation); and	
 
 	•	 	assists in the preparation of Impax’s compensation-related disclosure.	
In providing services to the Impax compensation committee, with the Impax compensation committee’s knowledge, Radford may contact Impax’s management from to time to time to obtain data and other information about Impax and to work together in the development of proposals and alternatives for the Impax compensation committee to review and consider. In fiscal 2017, Impax paid approximately $307,631 in fees to Radford for its services to the Impax compensation committee and to Impax’s management team as it relates to executive compensation.
In addition, in fiscal 2017, (i) Aon Hewitt Health & Benefits, an affiliate of Radford, provided services as an insurance broker for Impax’s medical insurance and employee benefits insurance, (ii) Aon Hewitt Executive Benefits, an affiliate of Radford, provided services as a third party administrator of Impax’s non-qualified
 
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deferred compensation plan and additional company-paid executive health and disability benefit plans, (iii) Aon Risk Services, an affiliate of Radford, provided services as an insurance broker for Impax’s products liability insurance, directors and officers liability insurance and other commercial business insurance; and (iv) Aon Investment Consulting, an affiliate of Radford, provided consulting services related to Impax’s 401(k) Plan.  In fiscal 2017, the Aon entities received an aggregate of approximately $498,480 in connection with their services described above.
The Impax compensation committee regularly evaluates the nature and scope of the services provided by Radford. The Impax compensation committee approved the fiscal 2017 executive and director compensation consulting services described above. Although the compensation committee was aware of the other services performed by Aon Hewitt Health & Benefits, Aon Hewitt Executive Benefits and Aon Risk Services, and considered any potential conflict with Radford’s independence, the Impax compensation committee did not review such other services as those services were reviewed and approved by Impax management in the ordinary course of business.
In order to ensure that Radford is independent, Radford is only engaged by, takes direction from, and reports to, the Impax compensation committee and, accordingly, only the Impax compensation committee has the right to terminate or replace Radford at any time. Further, Radford maintains certain internal controls within Aon Corporation, which include, among other things:
 
 	•	 	All Radford and Aon staff are required to review and complete courses covering Impax’s Code of Conduct, which forbids Radford and Aon staff from trading in a client’s stock as well as obligations regarding the treatment of confidential client information;	
 
 	•	 	Radford maintains a separate account management structure and database of contacts to protect the confidentiality of client lists and contacts;	
 
 	•	 	Radford is not reliant on any one client for meeting performance expectations during the year, thereby minimizing any account concentration risk for an account manager, which could impair objectivity;	
 
 	•	 	Radford’s survey data are maintained on a separate IT platform to protect and secure the confidential nature of client information and the relationships where Radford provide services; and	
 
 	•	 	Radford’s staff is not directly compensated for any cross-selling of Aon product or services.	
The Impax compensation committee has considered the independence of Radford and other advisors in light of the NASDAQ and SEC rules and regulations and has determined that Radford and such other advisors have no conflict of interest.
Review of Executive Compensation
In 2017, the Impax compensation committee, with the assistance of Radford, conducted a comprehensive review of Impax’s executive compensation to ensure that Impax is paying its executive officers competitive levels of compensation that best reflect their individual responsibilities and contributions to its operations and provide incentives to achieve its business objectives. Impax’s compensation committee, with the assistance of Radford, has adopted a compensation philosophy that examines executive compensation at the 50 th percentile of the target market, represented by proxy data and the Radford Global Life Sciences Survey data, for salary, cash incentive awards and equity awards, which was largely consistent with Impax’s approved compensation philosophy in 2016.
Evaluating Executive Compensation
In 2016, with the assistance of Radford, the Impax compensation committee established the following peer group of companies for the purpose of determining 2017 compensation for its executives. Comparative
 
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compensation data from the following peer group was one of the principal reference points considered by the Impax compensation committee in making decisions around target bonus payouts, merit increases, and executive equity grants in 2017:

•  Acorda Therapeutics, Inc.;
 	    	•  Endo International plc;
 	    	•  Medivation, Inc.;
 	
•  Akorn, Inc.;
 	    	•  Horizon Pharma Limited;
 	    	•  Myriad Genetics, Inc.;
 	
•  Alkermes plc;
 	    	•  Incyte Corporation;
 	    	•  Nektar Therapeutics;
 	
•  BioMarin Pharmaceuticals, Inc.;
 	    	•  Ionis Pharmaceuticals;
 	    	•  Seattle Genetics, Inc.;
 	
•  Cepheid;
 	    	•  Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc;
 	    	•  The Medicines Company; and
 	
•  Emergent Biosolutions Inc.;	    	•  Mallinckrodt plc;	    	•  United Therapeutics Corporation.	
In selecting a peer group, the Impax compensation committee identified U.S. based publicly traded companies in the biopharmaceutical industry that, in its view, (i) had a comparable financial performance as measured by trailing twelve months in revenue (generally targeting a range of $330 million to $3.0 billion at the time the peer group was approved by the Impax compensation committee), (ii) compared to Impax based on size, as measured by market capitalization (generally targeting a range of $750 million to $6.7 billion) and number of employees (a range of 430 to 3,900 employees, which is one-third to three times the number of employees at Impax); (iii) had similar stage of development of commercial products and (iv) giving preference to East Coast and West Coast headquartered companies, given Impax’s operations in Hayward, California and New Jersey and Pennsylvania.
The Impax compensation committee reviews the composition of the peer group annually to ensure that companies comprising the peer group are relevant for comparative purposes. In 2016, in approving the peer group to be used in making compensation decisions for 2017, the Impax compensation committee approved the addition of Horizon Pharma Ltd. to the peer group to be used in making compensation decisions for 2017. As compared to Impax’s peer group, as of August 2016, Impax was at the 66th percentile based on trailing twelve months revenue, the 15th percentile based on market capitalization, and the 59th percentile based on number of employees.
Radford provided Impax with information regarding compensation practices, including both cash and equity compensation, of companies comprising Impax’s peer group and published survey data using the 2016 Radford Global Life Sciences Survey. Impax believes that such information constituted appropriate guidelines for Impax’s compensation committee to compare proposed pay levels for Impax’s executives with those of other companies in the life sciences industry. The purpose of using this data was to assist the decision makers in assessing whether the proposed executive compensation was competitive. The decision makers considered these data only as a guidepost to their evaluation of proposed compensation amounts, and there was no mandate that any actual compensation paid must fall within any set range. Impax’s compensation committee believes that using the Radford data in this manner is useful in establishing an appropriate and competitive compensation structure. Each year, Impax’s compensation committee will review this process and in future years may determine to measure executive compensation by reference to data of companies in a different percentile range if Impax’s performance criteria or results, as viewed by reference to Impax’s yearly budget and incentive plan targets, change significantly, or they may choose to implement a different process altogether.
The Role of Stockholder Say-on-Pay Votes
In May 2017, Impax provided stockholders an advisory vote to approve the compensation of Impax’s named executive officers (the “say-on-pay” proposal). At Impax’s 2017 annual meeting, Impax’s stockholders approved the compensation of Impax’s named executive officers, with over 95% of the votes cast in favor of the “say-on-pay” proposal. In evaluating Impax’s executive compensation program, the Impax compensation
 
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committee considered the results of the “say-on-pay” proposal. In light of the approval by a substantial majority of stockholders of Impax’s 2017 “say-on-pay” proposal as well as consideration of numerous other factors, the Impax compensation committee did not implement significant changes to Impax’s executive compensation program in 2017. The Impax compensation committee will continue to monitor and assess Impax’s executive compensation program and consider the outcome of Impax’s say-on-pay votes when making future compensation decisions for Impax’s named executive officers.
Components of Impax Executive Compensation Program
Overview of Elements of Compensation
Total compensation for the Continuing Impax Executive Officers is comprised of the following elements:
 
 	•	 	base salary;	
 
 	•	 	cash incentive awards under Impax’s Short-Term Incentive Plan;	
 
 	•	 	options and other equity-based awards under Impax’s Long-Term Incentive Plan;	
 
 	•	 	non-qualified deferred compensation plan contributions;	
 
 	•	 	401(k) retirement plan contributions;	
 
 	•	 	post-employment and change-in-control benefits, including severance protection; and	
 
 	•	 	other benefits and perquisites.	
Base Salary
Base salary is paid to the Continuing Impax Executive Officers to provide them with a degree of financial certainty and a source of fixed compensation to meet their day-to-day living and other needs. Impax believes that its base salaries should be set competitively with other companies in its peer group and in the life sciences industry group in general so that they may serve to attract and retain talented executives.
Impax generally sets an initial base salary range for a particular executive level (for example, all officers with the title of Senior Vice President or President of a division) and then apply that range to all executives at that level. In establishing these base salary ranges, Impax considers:
 
 	•	 	the experience, education and skills required and value of the position to Impax and its operations;	
 
 	•	 	the particular needs of Impax for an executive at the level being considered;	
 
 	•	 	Impax’s desire to promote a cohesive management team among executives of that level by establishing internal pay equity; and	
 
 	•	 	salaries for executives in similar positions in other companies in Impax’s peer group.	
Once the base salary range is established for a particular executive level, Impax then determines the amount of salary that a specific executive officer will receive. For new hires or promotions to a particular executive level, Impax considers:
 
 	•	 	the individual experience, education and skills of the particular executive;	
 
 	•	 	with respect to new hires, the compensation such executive earned in his/her prior place of employment;	
 
 	•	 	for promotion candidates, the executive’s prior performance and length of service with Impax and the salaries of any other executives at that level; and	
 
 	•	 	other special circumstances applicable to the particular executive.	
 
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Impax believes that generally the 2017 base salary levels Impax set for the Continuing Impax Executive Officers represented competitive compensation for an executive who:
 
 	•	 	is fully experienced and educated as required by the position;	
 
 	•	 	is a strong performer and strong leader who makes solid contributions; and	
 
 	•	 	possesses a full skill set for his position and applies those skills successfully.	
Impax’s compensation committee determines salary adjustments for Mr. Bisaro. Base salary adjustments for Impax’s other executives are evaluated and proposed by Mr. Bisaro, whose proposals are reviewed, modified as necessary and approved by Impax’s compensation committee.
In an effort to maintain pay equity, Mr. Bisaro generally recommended, and Impax’s compensation committee approved, 2017 base salary increases for other Impax executives consistently among executives serving in similar capacities and with similar levels of responsibility and Impax’s compensation committee maintained that consistency when determining Mr. Bisaro’s base salary increase. In February 2017, Mr. Reasons’ base salary was set at $515,542, representing a 3% increase to his 2016 base salary. Mr. Bisaro joined Impax effective March 27, 2017 and his base salary was set at $850,000.
The amount of a Continuing Impax Executive Officer’s base salary may also serve as a reference point for determining the amount of his or her other compensation elements. For example, in 2017, the range of the potential annual cash incentive awards for each Continuing Impax Executive Officer was derived from a percentage of the Continuing Impax Executive Officer’s base salary.
Short-Term Incentive Plan – Cash Incentive Awards
Impax provides the Continuing Impax Executive Officers with cash incentive awards based on the achievement of annual corporate and individual goals under its Short-Term Incentive Plan. Impax generally believes that a meaningful amount of executive compensation should be variable and contingent on individual and corporate performance. Establishing executive compensation that is rewarded upon the achievement of these performance-based criteria, discussed in more detail below, supports Impax’s goal of providing incentives to its executives who dedicate their full efforts toward achieving its performance objectives, which in turn make its business successful and contributes to increases in stockholder value in the short-term.
Annual cash incentive awards were generally calculated as a percentage of base salary based upon corporate and individual performance goals that must be achieved to earn the award. For 2017, the corporate goals constituted corporate financial performance metrics, as described below. The establishment of individual and corporate goals in 2017 was tied to and consistent with Impax’s compensation philosophy, as described above. In an effort to maintain pay parity, executives at the same job level and with similar degrees of responsibility will generally be eligible to receive annual cash incentive awards calculated at the same percentage of base salary.
Under Impax’s Short-Term Incentive Plan in 2017, the achievement of the corporate goals based on operating cash flow and Adjusted EBITDA (in each case as detailed below) determined the available amount of funds available for cash incentive awards to be used across the organization, including awards granted to Impax’s executives. The corporate goals are defined as a range of 80% to 120% of the target goal. No bonuses are awarded if the corporate performance falls short of the minimum performance range, or if otherwise determined at the discretion of Impax’s compensation committee.
For 2017, Impax’s corporate goals were comprised of the following: (i) an operating cash flow target of $100 million (weighted 25%) and (ii) an internal Adjusted EBITDA target of $200 million (weighted 75%). Operating cash flow is a GAAP measure and refers to the amount of cash generated from Impax’s revenues, excluding cash flow from investing and financing activities. Adjusted EBITDA refers to Impax’s earnings before
 
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interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and share-based compensation expense, adjusted for exceptional and non-recurring expenses. Non-GAAP financial measures should be viewed in addition to, and not as an alternative for, financial results prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Impax’s 2017 corporate goals were recommended by Impax’s senior management and set by the Impax compensation committee based on their assessment of current and anticipated market and other conditions affecting Impax’s business and the goals. In the view of the Impax compensation committee, payout on these performance goals in 2017 required substantial achievement by each executive. For Impax’s executives other than its President and Chief Executive Officer, achievement of Impax’s corporate goals constituted 80% of their target cash incentive compensation and individual goals comprised 20% of their target cash incentive compensation for 2017 performance. For Impax’s President and Chief Executive Officer, achievement of Impax’s corporate goals constituted 100% of his target cash incentive compensation.
For 2017, Impax achieved operating cash flow of $84.2 million, representing 84% attainment of Impax’s internal operating cash flow target (weighted 25%) and $165.6 million in Adjusted EBITDA, representing 83% attainment of Impax’s internal EBITDA-based target (weighted 75%), representing a total weighted corporate financial performance achievement of 83.2%.
During 2017, Impax’s Chief Executive Officer worked with the other executives to develop individual performance goals based on the corporate goals; all performance goals were disclosed to and discussed between Impax’s Chief Executive Officer and each of the executives during the year. Individual goals were customized for the applicable executive and reflected the responsibilities and duties that Impax believes the executive should fulfill in connection with his or her particular position to further each of the corporate goals.
Each individual goal required above average achievement from each such executive. Each set of performance goals counts for a portion of the total potential bonus that may be received. Payouts of the individual portion of an executive’s cash incentive award are determined in part by the Impax compensation committee’s or Impax’s Chief Executive Officer’s determination (in case of executive officers other than Impax’s Chief Executive Officer) as to whether the applicable individual performance goals were achieved in whole or in part based on Impax’s Chief Executive Officer’s recommendation (other than with respect to himself).
The material individual performance goals used to determine cash incentive compensation for 2017 performance for the Continuing Impax Executive Officers (other than Impax’s Chief Executive Officer) who participated in the Short-Term Incentive Plan are set forth below. Other than the individual goals described below, no other individual goal was material to the potential cash incentive award that could have been paid to such executive for 2017 performance.

Executive Officer	  	General Description of Performance Goals	
		
Bryan M. Reasons	  	•  Consolidate and restructure back office commercial operations for both divisions;	
	  	•  Successfully implement financial planning and analysis consolidation system;	
	  	•  Reduce costs by specified amount and successfully sell or close Taiwan facility; and	
	  	•  Reduce year over year adjusted tax rate by specified percentage through implementation of tax planning strategies.	
The Impax compensation committee evaluates and establishes targets consisting of percentages of base salaries for Impax executives’ cash incentive compensation as part of the yearly compensation process or in connection with new hires. The Impax compensation committee generally sets such ranges of percentages of base salaries based on the same factors that it reviews to set base salary ranges for its executives.
With the exception of Mr. Bisaro, Impax’s President and Chief Executive Officer beginning from March 27, 2017, each of Impax’s current executive’s 2017 annual cash incentive award was targeted at 60% of such
 
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executive’s 2017 base salary, with the maximum amount of such annual cash incentive award capped at 90% of such officer’s 2017 base salary. Mr. Bisaro’s annual cash incentive award was targeted at 100% of his 2017 base salary, with the maximum amount of such annual cash incentive award capped at 150% of his 2017 base salary.
The range of percentage targets for annual cash incentive awards and actual bonuses paid in 2018 for 2017 performance (presented both as a cash payment and as a percentage of 2017 base salary established in February 2017) for each Continuing Impax Executive Officer, are presented in the following table:

Name	  	Annual Cash
Incentive
Award Target
(%)	 	  	Maximum
Target for
Annual Cash
Incentive
Award (%)	 	  	Actual
Achievement
of Individual
Goals (%)	 	  	Actual
Award ($)	 	  	Actual
Award as
Percentage
of Salary
(%)	 	  	Actual
Award as
Percentage
of Target
Incentive
Award (%)	 	
Paul M. Bisaro(1)	  	 	100	 	  	 	150	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	624,358	 	  	 	96	 	  	 	96	 	
Bryan M. Reasons	  	 	60	 	  	 	90	 	  	 	125	 	  	 	283,119	 	  	 	55	 	  	 	92	 	
 
(1)	Mr. Bisaro was appointed as Impax’s President and Chief Executive Officer effective March 27, 2017. The cash incentive award he received for 2017 performance was prorated based on his employment period during 2017. The actual award as a percentage of salary reflected in the above table reflects the percentage based off Mr. Bisaro’s prorated target. Achievement of Impax’s corporate goals constituted 100% of Mr. Bisaro’s target cash incentive compensation, however, Impax’s compensation committee awarded him a cash incentive award greater than the target amount based on Impax’s corporate performance due to his significant contributions in enabling Impax to achieve Impax’s cost improvement and consolidation initiatives significantly ahead of schedule and Impax’s entry into the BCA.	
Once set, the Impax compensation committee has the discretion to pay at, above or below the percentage targets set forth in the column “Annual Cash Incentive Award Target” in the table above depending on its overall financial and operational performance and the executive officers’ individual performance. The percentage targets in the column “Maximum Target for Annual Cash Incentive Award” represent maximum percentages of executives’ respective 2017 base salaries that Impax can award for superior performance. The actual cash incentive awards granted by the Impax compensation committee for 2017 performance of Impax’s executives were below the target annual award percentages for Impax’s executives described above.
Long-Term Incentive Plan – Equity Awards
Impax maintains its Fourth Amended and Restated 2002 Equity Incentive Plan (“2002 Plan”) in accordance with its Long-Term Incentive Plan for the purpose of granting stock options and other equity-based awards, such as restricted stock awards, to its employees, including its executives. Option awards produce value to its executives only if the price of its stock appreciates, and then only to the extent of the excess of its stock price over the exercise price of the option. Impax’s stock options are granted with an exercise price equal to the fair market value on the date of grant as required to avoid negative tax consequences and to avoid providing any immediate benefit to executives upon grant.
Option and restricted stock awards link the interests of its executives to its stockholders. Because they generally vest incrementally over time, equity awards create an incentive for executives to continue their employment with Impax for extended periods after the initial grant.
Impax established procedures for granting equity awards to all of its eligible employees, including the Continuing Impax Executive Officers. Each year Impax establishes a stock option or restricted stock award amount, referred to as the “equity compensation award,” for each level of responsibility within its organization. In arriving at the option or restricted stock component of the equity compensation award for the Continuing Impax Executive Officers, Impax uses a number of factors, including the grant date fair value of the award and the percentage of total shares outstanding that each award would represent.
 
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The Impax Board or compensation committee, however, retains discretion, in appropriate circumstances, to adjust the number of shares or value of equity compensation awards for both the new hire and/or promotion and the annual grants to its executive officers. The Impax Board or compensation committee might, for example, increase the number of shares underlying options above the specified amount if needed to recruit an executive who would, upon leaving his or her current position with another employer, be required to forfeit a substantial unvested option or restricted stock award held at a prior employer. Impax has not, and in the future does not intend to, time the award of any stock options to coincide with the release of favorable or unfavorable information about Impax.
Impax’s equity awards to its executives were issued as long-term compensation under its Long-Term Incentive Plan that generally vest over a period of four years, subject to continued service. This is consistent with Impax’s philosophy of linking the financial interests of Impax’s executives to those of Impax’s stockholders. The long-term compensation balances the short-term compensation paid in the form of base salary and annual incentive awards.
For all of Impax’s equity awards, Impax establishes the amount to be awarded to each Continuing Impax Executive Officer based upon the level of each position, with the award size determined solely on the targeted value of the long term incentive award. As part of its goal of maintaining pay parity wherever possible, Impax tends to grant the same or similar amounts of equity awards to executives with similar titles and levels of responsibility.
Impax’s compensation committee typically approves annual grants of options and restricted stock awards to executives, comprised of approximately an equal percentage of restricted stock awards and options, using a Black Scholes option pricing model and with reference to the grant date fair value of awards made to executives in similar positions at its peer group of companies at approximately the 50th percentile.
Given the anticipated closing of the Combination, the Impax compensation committee determined in March 2018 that the annual equity awards granted to its executives for 2017 performance would be suspended until after the closing of the Combination and none of the Continuing Impax Executive Officers received equity awards for 2017 performance.
401(k) Plan and Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan Contributions
Retirement plans, in general, are designed to provide executives with financial security after their employment has terminated and, through the incremental vesting of Impax’s matching contributions to such plans over time, provide a retentive element to the overall pay package. Impax’s executives are eligible to participate in the Impax 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan, which allows them to contribute a portion of their base salary and bonus to support their financial needs upon retirement. Under Impax’s 401(k) plan, Impax may contribute to each participant’s account an amount equal to 100% of the amount contributed by executive, with Impax’s contribution not to exceed 5% of the participant’s annual total compensation. Impax’s matching contributions to the 401(k) plan vest depending on the number of years the executive has worked at Impax, with all matching contributions vesting after the third year of service. Amounts contributed to the 401(k) plan are invested in one or more investment fund options.
Impax’s executives also are eligible to participate in the Impax Laboratories, Inc. Amended and Restated Executive Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan, amended effective January 1, 2009. See “— Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation During Year Ended December 31, 2017” and “— Narrative Disclosure to Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Table.” Each participant can defer up to 75% of the participant’s base salary and up to 100% of the amount of the participant’s bonus or cash incentive awards. Impax makes a matching contribution for each participant equal to 50% of the participant’s contribution up to 10% of base salary and bonus and cash incentive awards per year. A participant’s account is notionally invested in one or more investment funds and the value of the account is determined with respect to such investment allocations.
 
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These benefits are offered to provide financial security for Impax’s executives, and are consistent with Impax’s goal of attracting and retaining Impax’s executives. Impax also believe these contributions represent standard benefits that executive-level employees of public companies commonly receive. For these reasons, Impax does not take these matching contributions into consideration when setting other aspects of compensation for Impax’s executive officers.
Other Benefits and Perquisites
All of Impax’s full-time employees, including Impax’s executives, are eligible to participate in Impax’s health and welfare plans. These benefits are provided to Impax’s executives on the same general terms as they are provided to all of Impax’s full-time employees, with the exception of certain additional supplemental long-term disability insurance, which covers participating executives, including Impax’s executives, in addition to any related gross-up of taxes to make the executives whole. In addition, Impax has agreed under certain circumstances to pay directly or reimburse Impax’s executives for certain travel and/or relocation expenses incurred, in addition to pay any related tax gross-up, in connection with commuting and/or a relocation made at the request of Impax. Impax believes that providing these benefits is a relatively inexpensive way to enhance the competitiveness of the executives’ compensation packages.
Post-Employment and Change-in-Control Benefits
Severance payments provided by Impax include a cash payment that is generally based upon the salary and annual incentive payment history of executive at issue. Severance benefits may also include the accelerated vesting of Impax’s matching contributions under the non-qualified deferred compensation plan, the accelerated vesting of stock options and restricted stock awards, and the extension of the exercisability of an award.
Generally speaking, Impax provides severance to its executives to give them financial security in the event they suffer an involuntary termination other than for cause or resign for good reason. Impax believes that the risk or possibility of an involuntary termination creates uncertainty for executives regarding their continued employment with Impax. These scenarios may include, among other things, a termination of employment or a change in an executive’s job location, position or duties, whether on an individual basis or due to an overall reduction in or change to Impax’s workforce, or a change in other members of senior management resulting from a change in control event. As a result, Impax’s severance benefits are linked to Impax’s compensation philosophy of encouraging the long-term retention of its executives.
The employment agreements with Impax’s executives also provide for severance benefits pursuant to a “double trigger” in the event of a change of control of Impax; that is, the executive is entitled to the severance benefits if Impax terminates the executive involuntarily or the executive resigns for good reason following a change of control of Impax. Impax believes a “double trigger” maximizes stockholder value by preventing an unintended windfall to executives in the event of a friendly change of control, while still providing Impax’s executives with appropriate incentives to cooperate in negotiating any change of control and a certain measure of job security and protection against termination without cause or loss of employment through no fault of their own. See “— Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control — Employment Agreements with Continuing Impax Executive Officers ” for a summary of the termination provisions in the employment agreements with the Continuing Impax Executive Officers.
Tax and Accounting Treatment of Compensation
Section 162(m)
Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, referred to as the “Code”, generally limits Impax’s federal income tax deduction for compensation in excess of $1 million paid to certain “covered employees” of a publicly held corporation. For taxable years ending December 31, 2017 and earlier, “covered
 
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employees” generally referred to Impax’s chief executive officer and its next three most highly compensated executive officers (other than the chief financial officer) in the year that the compensation is paid. This limitation does not apply to compensation that is considered “qualified performance-based compensation” under the rules of Section 162(m) of the Code. Amounts Impax paid as base salary and cash incentive compensation in respect of 2017 do not qualify for the “performance-based compensation” exception.
The exemption from Section 162(m) of the Code’s deduction limitation for “qualified performance-based compensation” has been repealed by recent legislation, effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, such that compensation paid to Impax’s covered executive officers in excess of $1 million will not be deductible unless it qualifies for transition relief applicable to certain arrangements in place as of November 2, 2017 (the scope of which is uncertain under the legislation). In addition, beginning with taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, “covered employees” generally was expanded to include Impax’s chief financial officer; also, each individual who is a covered employee for any taxable year beginning after December 31, 2016 will remain a covered employee for all future years. The Impax compensation committee continues to evaluate the changes to Section 162(m) of the Code and their significance to Impax’s compensation programs, but its primary focus in its compensation decisions will remain on most productively furthering Impax’s business objectives and not on whether compensation is deductible.
Section 280G
Under Sections 280G and 4999 of the Code, Impax is disallowed a tax deduction with respect to “excess parachute payments” to certain executives in the event of a change of control and a 20% excise tax is imposed upon the individuals who receive “excess parachute payments” upon a change in control. An excess parachute payment is deemed to be received to the extent that such a change-in-control payment exceeds an amount approximating three times the employee’s average annual compensation, determined using the employee’s average compensation over the five years preceding the year the change in control occurs. In approving the compensation arrangements for Impax’s executives, Impax’s compensation committee considers all elements of the cost to Impax of providing such compensation, including the potential impact of Section 280G of the Code. However, Impax’s compensation committee may, in its judgment, authorize compensation arrangements that could give rise to loss of deductibility under Section 280G of the Code and the imposition of excise taxes under Section 4999 of the Code when it believes that such arrangements are appropriate to attract and retain executive talent.
Section 409A
Section 409A of the Code may impose additional taxes on Impax’s service providers (including Impax’s directors, officers and employees) with respect to various non-qualified deferred compensation arrangements Impax maintains, including:
 
 	•	 	employment and severance agreements between Impax and its officers;	
 
 	•	 	Impax’s non-qualified deferred compensation plan; and	
 
 	•	 	other compensation arrangements Impax enters into with its directors, officers and employees.	
Section 409A of the Code generally does not apply to incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options that are granted with an exercise price not less than fair market value if there is no deferral of income recognition beyond exercise. Section 409A of the Code also generally does not apply to Impax’s restricted stock awards. In the event that a deferred compensation arrangement fails to comply with Section 409A of the Code in form or operation, a service provider may become subject to:
 
 	•	 	the imposition of U.S. federal income tax, and potentially state and local income tax, on all amounts deferred in the tax year in which the amounts are deferred (or, if later, in the tax year when the receipt of the benefits is no longer subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture);	
 
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 	•	 	a penalty tax of 20% of the includable amount (in addition to the regular income tax at ordinary income rates); and	
 
 	•	 	interest at the underpayment rate plus 1 percent from the time the amount was first deferred (or, if later, the tax year when the benefits are no longer subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture) until the time the amount is included in income.	
Impax’s compensation committee takes into consideration Section 409A of the Code when making awards of compensation and, generally, structures compensation to be exempt from Section 409A of the Code. Compensation that cannot be structured to be exempt from Section 409A of the Code is generally structured to comply with Section 409A of the Code. Impax has not provided any executives or other employees with any gross-up in connection with Section 409A of the Code.
ASC Topic 718
Accounting rules and pronouncements govern how Impax values option and restricted stock awards that Impax makes and when those awards are to be recognized as compensation expense on Impax’s consolidated financial statements. Under ASC Topic 718, Impax calculates the full grant date fair value of awards using a variety of assumptions. This calculation is performed for accounting purposes, as an executive officer might never realize any value from the award. This may happen, for example, when the value of a share of stock on which the executive holds an option falls below the exercise price of the option and remains below the exercise price, rendering the option worthless to the executive. ASC Topic 718 also requires that companies recognize the compensation cost of a stock option or stock bonus award proportionately over the period that an employee is required to render service in exchange for a share-based payment.
Summary Compensation Table
The following table sets forth summary information relating to all compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to the Continuing Impax Executive Officers.

Name and Principal Position	 	Year	 	 	Salary
($)	 	 	Bonus
($)	 	 	Stock
Awards
($)(1)	 	 	Option
Awards
($)(1)	 	 	Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation
($)(2)	 	 	All Other
Compensation
($)(3)	 	 	Total
($)	 	
Paul M. Bisaro(4)
President and Chief
Executive Officer	 	 	2017	 	 	 	621,154	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	5,287,000	 	 	 	624,358	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	6,532,512	 	
Bryan M. Reasons
Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer)	 	 

	2017
2016
2015	 

	512,712
496,620
482,885	 

	—  
—  
32,643	 

	217,593
868,780
814,000	 

	251,151
826,545
804,175	 

	283,119
—  
337,311	 

	49,459
56,579
544,346	 

	1,314,034
2,248,524
3,015,360	 

 

(1)	Represents the aggregate grant date fair value of stock or option awards, as applicable, computed in accordance with ASC Topic 718, based on assumptions set forth in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements included in Impax’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 1, 2018 and without giving effect to the estimate of forfeitures related to service-based vesting conditions.	
(2)	For 2017, represents annual cash incentive awards for 2017 performance under Impax’s Short-Term Incentive Plan, a portion of which were paid in December 2017 and the balance paid in March 2018. The amount of the awards that were paid in December 2017 are as follows: Mr. Bisaro - $431,749 and Mr. Reasons - $206,474.	
 
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(3)	“All Other Compensation” column for the year ended December 31, 2017 includes the following compensation items:	

Name	  	Matching
Contributions
Under Non-
Qualified
Deferred
Compensation
Plan ($)	  	Matching
Contributions
Under 401(k)
Plan ($)	  	Total
($)	
Paul M. Bisaro	  	—  	  	—  	  	—  	
Bryan M. Reasons	  	35,959	  	13,500	  	49,459	
 
(4)	Mr. Bisaro was appointed as Impax’s President and Chief Executive Officer effective March 27, 2017.	
Grants of Plan-Based Awards During Year Ended December 31, 2017
The table below sets forth information regarding grants of plan-based awards to the Continuing Impax Executive Officers during the year ended December 31, 2017.

 	 	 	 	Estimated Possible Payouts Under
Non-Equity Incentive Plan
Awards(1)	 	 	All Other
Stock
Awards:
Number of
Shares of
Stock or
Units
(#)(2)	 	 	All Other
Option
Awards:
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Options
(#)(2)	 	 	Exercise
or
Base
Price
of
Option
Awards
($/Sh)	 	 	Grant
Date Fair
Value of
Stock and
Option
Awards
($)(3)	 	
Name	 	Grant Date	 	Threshold
($)	 	 	Target
($)	 	 	Maximum
($)	 	 			 			 			 			
Paul M. Bisaro(4)	 	—	 	 	—  	 	 	 	850,000	 	 	 	1,275,000	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
	 	March 27, 2017	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	850,000	 	 	 	12.70	 	 	 	5,287,000	 	
Bryan M. Reasons	 	—	 	 	—  	 	 	 	309,325	 	 	 	463,988	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
	 	March 2, 2017	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	23,272	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	217,593	 	
	 	March 2, 2017	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	56,232	 	 	 	9.35	 	 	 	251,151	 	
 
(1)	The target payout is based on 60% of the respective 2017 base salaries of Mr. Reasons and 100% for Mr. Bisaro. The maximum payout is based on 90% of the respective 2017 base salaries of Mr. Reasons and 150% for Mr. Bisaro, in each case, to be awarded for superior performance. Impax has the discretion to pay at, above or below these percentage targets depending on Impax’s overall financial and operational performance and the executive officer’s individual performance.	
(2)	Except as noted otherwise, all stock options and restricted stock grants vest in four equal annual installments beginning on the first anniversary of the date of grant, subject to continued service. The exercise price of all the options granted to the Continuing Impax Executive Officers was the closing trading price of Impax’s common stock on the date of grant.	
(3)	Represents the grant date fair value of stock or option awards, as applicable, computed in accordance with ASC Topic 718, based on assumptions set forth in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements included in Impax’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 1, 2018 and without giving effect to the estimate of forfeitures related to service-based vesting conditions.	
(4)	Mr. Bisaro was appointed as Impax’s President and Chief Executive Officer effective March 27, 2017. The stock options granted to Mr. Bisaro vest in four equal annual installments beginning on March 27, 2018, the first anniversary of the effective date of Mr. Bisaro’s appointment as Impax’s President and Chief Executive Officer. The grant was made in accordance with NASDAQ’s employment inducement grant exemption and therefore was not granted under a stockholder approved plan. The grant is subject to the terms of an option agreement with Mr. Bisaro to evidence the award.	
 
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Agreements with the Continuing Impax Executive Officers
During 2017, Impax was party to an employment agreement with each of the Continuing Impax Executive Officers. For additional details regarding each such employment agreement, see the section entitled “Executive Compensation—Post-Combination Employment Agreements” below.
Outstanding Equity Awards at December 31, 2017.
The table below sets forth the information regarding the outstanding option and stock awards for the Continuing Impax Executive Officers at December 31, 2017.

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Option Awards	 	 	 	 	 	Stock Awards	 	
Name	 	Grant
Date	 	Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#)
Exercisable (1)	 	 	Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#)
Unexercisable (1)	 	 	Option
Exercise
Price ($)	 	 	Option
Expiration
Date	 	 	Number of
Shares of
Stock That
Have Not
Vested (#)(1)	 	 	Market Value
of Shares of
Stock That
Have Not
Vested ($)(2)	 	
Paul M. Bisaro(3)	 	3/27/2017	 	 	—  	 	 	 	850,000	 	 	 	12.70	 	 	 	3/27/2027	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Bryan M. Reasons	 	5/15/2013	 	 	52,000	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	17.99	 	 	 	5/15/2023	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
	 	5/14/2014	 	 	41,250	 	 	 	13,750	 	 	 	25.24	 	 	 	5/14/2024	 	 	 	5,750	 	 	 	95,738	 	
	 	2/26/2015	 	 	23,750	 	 	 	23,750	 	 	 	40.70	 	 	 	2/26/2025	 	 	 	10,000	 	 	 	166,500	 	
	 	2/26/2016	 	 	15,773	 	 	 	47,322	 	 	 	33.27	 	 	 	2/26/2026	 	 	 	19,585	 	 	 	326,090	 	
	 	3/2/2017	 	 	—  	 	 	 	56,232	 	 	 	9.35	 	 	 	3/2/2027	 	 	 	23,272	 	 	 	387,479	 	
 
(1)	Except as noted otherwise, all the stock options and restricted stock grants vest in four equal annual installments beginning on the first anniversary of the date of grant.	
(2)	Based on the closing trading price of common stock of $16.65 per share at December 29, 2017.	
(3)	Mr. Bisaro was appointed as Impax’s President and Chief Executive Officer effective March 27, 2017. The stock options granted to Mr. Bisaro vest in four equal annual installments beginning on March 27, 2018, the first anniversary of the effective date of Mr. Bisaro’s appointment as Impax’s President and Chief Executive Officer. The grant was made in accordance with NASDAQ’s employment inducement grant exemption and therefore was not granted under a stockholder approved plan. The grant is subject to the terms of an option agreement with Mr. Bisaro to evidence the award.	
Option Exercises and Stock Vested During Year Ended December 31, 2017
The following table provides information about the value realized by the Continuing Impax Executive Officers on the vesting of stock awards during the year ended December 31, 2017. No options were exercised by the Continuing Impax Executive Officers during 2017.

 	  	Stock Awards	 	
Name	  	Number of
Shares Acquired
on Vesting (#)	 	  	Value Realized
on Vesting ($)(1)	 	
Paul M. Bisaro	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	
Bryan M. Reasons	  	 	20,978	 	  	 	325,616	 	

(1)	The value realized on the vesting of stock awards is calculated by multiplying the number of shares of common stock vested by the closing trading price of the common stock on the vesting date.	
 
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Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation During Year Ended December 31, 2017
The following table sets forth the benefits received by the Continuing Impax Executive Officers under Impax’s non-qualified deferred compensation plan during the year ended December 31, 2017 as well as the aggregate non-qualified deferred compensation balances at December 31, 2017:

Name	  	Executive
Contributions
in 2017 ($)(1)	 	  	Company
Contributions
in 2017 ($)(2)	 	  	Aggregate
Earnings /
(Loss) in
2017 ($)(3)	 	  	Aggregate
Withdrawals/
Distributions ($)	 	  	Aggregate
Balance at
December 31,
2017 ($)	 	
Paul M. Bisaro	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	
Bryan M. Reasons	  	 	71,918	 	  	 	35,959	 	  	 	142,812	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	858,025	 	

(1)	Represents amounts deferred by each Continuing Impax Executive Officer to Impax’s non-qualified deferred compensation plan and reported in the Summary Compensation Table above under “ Salary ” for 2017 as follows:	

Name	  	Salary Contributions
($)	 	
Paul M. Bisaro	  	 	—  	 	
Bryan M. Reasons	  	 	51,271	 	
Amounts deferred by the Continuing Impax Executive Officers to Impax’s non-qualified deferred compensation plan from their respective cash incentive awards paid in 2017 and 2018 for 2017 performance and Impax’s matching contributions related to such deferred compensation made in 2018.
 
(2)	These amounts are reported under “ All Other Compensation ” in the Summary Compensation Table above.	
(3)	These amounts are not included in the Summary Compensation Table above as they do not constitute above-market or preferential earnings for purposes of SEC rules.	
Narrative Disclosure to Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Table
Impax’s non-qualified deferred compensation plan permits highly-compensated individuals to receive a similar level of benefits (in terms of the overall percentage of their income eligible for tax deferral and employer matching contributions) as are available to employees with lower levels of income. Each participant can defer up to 75% of the participant’s base salary and up to 100% of the amount of the participant’s bonus or cash incentive awards. Impax makes a matching contribution for each participant equal to 50% of the participant’s contribution up to 10% of base salary and bonus and cash incentive awards per year. A participant’s account is notionally invested in one or more investment funds and the value of the account is determined with respect to such investment allocations. Participants are fully vested in their contributions when made. Impax’s matching contributions vest depending on the number of years of service, with participants being fully vested after five years of service. No contributions are forfeited as a result of a separation due to death, disability, termination of the plan or a change in control.
 
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Benefits attributable to a participant may be valued as if they were invested in one or more investment funds, as directed by participants in writing. The investment funds and their annual rates of return for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 are contained in the table below. Participants may change their selection of investment funds from time to time in writing in accordance with the procedure established by the plan administrator. Changes will take effect as soon as administratively practicable.

Name of Valuation Fund	  	Rate of Return in 2017	 	
		
Fidelity / VIP Money Market	  	 	0.43	% 	
MFS / Sun Life Government Securities	  	 	2.22	% 	
PIMCO Total Return	  	 	4.91	% 	
MFS VIT I Total Return	  	 	12.30	% 	
MFS VIT I Value Series Initial	  	 	17.65	% 	
Dreyfus Stock Index	  	 	21.54	% 	
T. Rowe Price Blue Chip Growth	  	 	36.17	% 	
AllianceBern Small / Mid Cap Value	  	 	13.15	% 	
Fidelity VIP Mid Cap	  	 	20.81	% 	
Delaware VIP Small Cap Value	  	 	12.05	% 	
AllianceBern International Value	  	 	25.42	% 	
MFS / Sun Life Emerging Market	  	 	37.95	% 	
MFS Global Real Estate	  	 	13.33	% 	
If a participant terminates his or her employment, or an eligible consultant ceases to render service to Impax, for any reason, including death, Impax will pay the participant an amount equal to the value of the vested balance credited to the participant’s plan account. If the participant has died, the balance of that account will be paid to one or more beneficiaries designated by the participant. See “— Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control — Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan ” for a description of the form of payouts, withdrawals and other distributions under Impax’s non-qualified deferred compensation plan.
Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control
In 2017, upon termination of employment and/or upon a change in control, the Continuing Impax Executive Officers would have been entitled to receive from Impax potential payments and benefits under the following agreements and plans, as applicable:
 
 	•	 	employment agreements;	
 
 	•	 	Impax’s 2002 Plan; and	
 
 	•	 	Impax’s non-qualified deferred compensation plan.	
Employment Agreements with Continuing Impax Executive Officers
During 2017, Impax was party to an employment agreement with each of the Continuing Impax Executive Officers. For additional details regarding each such employment agreement, see the section entitled “Executive Compensation—Post-Combination Employment Agreements” below.
Stock Incentive Plans and Award Agreements
The table below sets forth the benefits that each Continuing Impax Executive Officer holding awards granted under Impax’s 2002 Plan would be entitled to receive should his employment terminate under the following specified circumstances. These rights and benefits may be amended or modified as otherwise determined by the
 
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Impax Board at the time that a grant or award is made or, if the Continuing Impax Executive Officer’s rights are not reduced, thereafter:

Termination Circumstance	  	Stock Incentive Plan Benefit	
Death or disability	  	The vested portion of any stock option as of the date of death or disability may be exercised within one year from the date of death or disability, but in no event after the stated expiration of the option.	
		
Termination other than death, disability or for cause (1)	  	The vested portion of any stock option as of the date of termination may be exercised within 30 days from the date of termination, but in no event after the stated expiration of the option.	

(1)	Under Impax’s 2002 Plan, “cause” is defined as under an applicable employment or consulting agreement. If there is no such agreement or no such definition in an agreement, “cause” is defined to mean dishonesty, fraud, insubordination, willful misconduct, refusal to perform services or materially unsatisfactory performance of duties.	
Under Impax’s 2002 Plan, if, in the event of a “change in control,” the surviving corporation refuses to assume or to substitute with similar awards the outstanding awards granted under these plans, then all such outstanding awards will become immediately exercisable, referred to as an “equity plan change in control event.” The award will terminate if it is not exercised at or prior to the event constituting the change in control.
For these purposes, a “change in control” means:
 
 	•	 	a sale of all or substantially all of Impax’s assets;	
 
 	•	 	a merger or consolidation in which Impax is not the surviving corporation; or	
 
 	•	 	a reverse merger in which Impax is the surviving corporation but the shares of Impax’s common stock outstanding immediately preceding the merger are converted by virtue of the merger into other property, whether in the form of securities, cash or otherwise.	
Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan
Impax’s non-qualified deferred compensation plan provides that matching contributions by Impax vest depending on the number of years of service for each executive, with such officers being fully vested after five years of service. Upon the occurrence of an executive’s death or “disability,” the amount of matching contributions by Impax to such officer under the plan will immediately vest. Further, upon the occurrence of a “change in control” of Impax, the amount of matching contributions by Impax to the executives under the plan will immediately vest.
Under the non-qualified deferred compensation plan, “disability” is generally defined as a physical or mental condition whereby the executive: (i) is unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months, or (ii) is, by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months, receiving income replacement benefits for a period of not less than three months under an accident and health plan covering employees of such executive’s employer.
Under the non-qualified deferred compensation plan, a “change in control” is generally defined as a change in the ownership or effective control of Impax, or in the ownership of a substantial portion of the assets of Impax, as
 
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defined and determined under Section 409A(a)(2)(A)(v) of the Code, Treasury Notice 2005-1 and any further guidance published with respect to such term, and includes any one of the following events:
 
 	•	 	a change in ownership in which a person, group or entity acquires more than 50% of the total fair market value or total voting power of Impax’s stock;	
 
 	•	 	a person, group or entity acquires (in a 12-month period) ownership of stock with 35% or more of the total voting power of Impax’s stock;	
 
 	•	 	a majority of the Impax Board is replaced in a 12-month period by directors whose appointment or election was not endorsed by a majority of the Impax Board before their appointment or election; or	
 
 	•	 	a change in ownership of a substantial portion of Impax’s assets in which a person, group or entity acquires 40% or more of the gross fair market value of Impax’s assets.	
The payment of vested account balances, including matching contributions, under the plan to Impax’s executives (or such officer’s estate) in the event of death, disability or a change in control will be made as follows:
 
 	•	 	upon death, (i) if the payment of benefits under the plan had commenced, pursuant to the then existing benefit payment plan, or (ii) if the payment of benefits under the plan had not yet commenced, in a lump sum payment as soon as administratively possible;	
 
 	•	 	upon disability, in a lump sum payment not earlier than the sixth month following the executive’s disability; and	
 
 	•	 	upon a change in control, as specified by such executive in the distribution election, (i) a lump sum payment as soon as administratively possible; or (ii) annual installments for a period of up to 15 years (or in the event of payment of an in-service account, a maximum of five years) with annual payments equal to the balance of the account immediately prior to the payment, multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is one and the denominator of which commences at the number of annual payments initially chosen and is reduced by one in each succeeding year.	
 
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Potential Payments to Continuing Impax Executive Officers upon Termination or Change in Control
Potential Payments upon Termination
The following table shows the estimated amount of payments and benefits that would be provided by Impax to each of the Continuing Impax Executive Officers under the plans and agreements described above assuming that their employment was terminated as of December 31, 2017 for various reasons as described below.

 	 	Reason for Termination of Employment	 	 	 	 	
Continuing Impax
Executive Officer and
Nature of Payment	 	Terminated by
Impax without
Cause or by
Officer With
Good Reason
(no Change in
Control) ($)	 	 	 	 	 	Terminated
by Impax for
Cause ($)	 	 	 	 	 	Terminated by
Officer
without
Good Reason
($)	 	 	 	 	 	Disability ($)	 	 	 	 	 	Death ($)	 	 	 	 	 	Terminated by
Impax without
Cause or by Officer
for Good Reason in
Connection with a
Change of Control
($)	 	 	 	 	
Paul M. Bisaro (1)	 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				
Base Severance Payment	 	 	47,077	 	 	 	(2	) 	 	 	47,077	 	 	 	(2	) 	 	 	47,077	 	 	 	(2	) 	 	 	47,077	 	 	 	(2	) 	 	 	47,077	 	 	 	(2	) 	 	 	47,077	 	 	 	(2	) 	
Accrued Benefits	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(3	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(3	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(3	) 	 	 	1,890,893	 	 	 	(3	) 	 	 	500,000	 	 	 	(3	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(3	) 	
Cash Severance Payment	 	 	2,948,716	 	 	 	(4	) 	 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	2,948,716	 	 	 	(4	) 	 	 	2,948,716	 	 	 	(4	) 	 	 	3,685,895	 	 	 	(4	) 	
Pro Rata Award	 	 	624,358	 	 	 	(5	) 	 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	624,358	 	 	 	(5	) 	 	 	624,358	 	 	 	(5	) 	 	 	624,358	 	 	 	(5	) 	
Cost of continuation of benefits	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(6	) 	 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	—  	 	 	 	(6	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(6	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(6	) 	
Value of accelerated stock options	 	 	1,678,750	 	 	 	(7	) 	 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	839,375	 	 	 	(7	) 	 	 	839,375	 	 	 	(7	) 	 	 	3,357,500	 	 	 	(8	) 	
Value of accelerated restricted stock	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(9	) 	 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	—  	 	 	 	(9	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(9	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(10	) 	
Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation	 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	—  	 	 				
Total	 	 	5,298,901	 	 				 	 	47,077	 	 				 	 	47,077	 	 				 	 	6,350,419	 	 				 	 	4,959,526	 	 				 	 	7,714,830	 	 				
Bryan M. Reasons	 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				
Base Severance Payment	 	 	83,280	 	 	 	(2	) 	 	 	83,280	 	 	 	(2	) 	 	 	83,280	 	 	 	(2	) 	 	 	83,280	 	 	 	(2	) 	 	 	83,280	 	 	 	(2	) 	 	 	83,280	 	 	 	(2	) 	
Accrued Benefits	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(3	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(3	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(3	) 	 	 	3,022,885	 	 	 	(3	) 	 	 	500,000	 	 	 	(3	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(3	) 	
Cash Severance Payment	 	 	1,250,281	 	 	 	(11	) 	 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	1,875,422	 	 	 	(11	) 	
Pro Rata Award	 	 	283,119	 	 	 	(5	) 	 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	283,119	 	 				 	 	283,119	 	 				 	 	283,119	 	 	 	(5	) 	
Cost of continuation of benefits	 	 	61,323	 	 	 	(6	) 	 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	15,331	 	 	 	(12	) 	 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	61,323	 	 	 	(6	) 	
Value of accelerated stock options	 	 	102,623	 	 	 	(13	) 	 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	—  	 	 	 	(14	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(14	) 	 	 	410,494	 	 	 	(8	) 	
Value of accelerated restricted stock	 	 	384,548	 	 	 	(15	) 	 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	487,903	 	 	 	(16	) 	 	 	975,807	 	 	 	(10	) 	 	 	975,807	 	 	 	(10	) 	
Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation	 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	—  	 	 				 	 	—  	 	 	 	(17	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(17	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(17	) 	
Total	 	 	2,165,174	 	 				 	 	83,280	 	 				 	 	83,280	 	 				 	 	3,892,518	 	 				 	 	1,842,205	 	 				 	 	3,689,443	 	 				
 
(1)	Mr. Bisaro was appointed as Impax’s President and Chief Executive Officer beginning March 27, 2017.	
(2)	Represents the amount payable under the Continuing Impax Executive Officer’s employment agreement, for (i) any earned but unpaid base salary through the termination date; (ii) any annual cash incentive award earned but unpaid for the prior fiscal year, which amount is paid within two and one-half months following the end of the then current calendar year; and (iii) any accrued but unused vacation time.	
(3)	Represents the amount payable under the Continuing Impax Executive Officer’s employment agreement for vested accrued benefits and other payments, if any, which such officer or his dependents are entitled to under Impax’s employee benefit arrangements, plans and programs, as of the termination date, except severance pay plans.	
(4)	Represents the amount payable under Mr. Bisaro’s employment agreement with Impax, with the aggregate amount due paid in equal installments for a period of 12 months from the termination date.	
(5)	Represents the estimated amount of the pro rata award payable under the Continuing Impax Executive Officer’s employment agreement, which amount will be paid within two and one-half months following the end of the calendar year to which it relates.	
(6)	Represents the estimated cost to continue the Continuing Impax Executive Officer’s benefits for a period of 24 months from the termination date.	
(7)	Represents (i) in the event of termination for good reason, the value realized on the acceleration of the vesting of all unvested stock options scheduled to vest within 24 months from the termination date, which value is determined for each unvested stock option (subject to vesting within 24 months) by subtracting the exercise price for such stock option from $16.65, the closing price of Impax’s common stock on December 29, 2017, the termination date and (ii) in the event of termination for disability or death, acceleration of the vesting of all unvested stock options scheduled to vest within 12 months from the termination date, which value is determined for each unvested stock option (subject to vesting within 12 months) by subtracting the exercise price for such stock option from $16.65, the closing price of Impax’s common stock on December 29, 2017.	
 
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(8)	Represents the value realized on the acceleration of the vesting of all unvested stock options, which value is determined for each unvested stock option by subtracting the exercise price for such stock option from $16.65, the closing price of Impax’s common stock on December 29, 2017, the termination date.	
(9)	Represents (i) in the event of termination for good reason, the value realized on the acceleration of the vesting of all shares of restricted stock scheduled to vest within 24 months from the termination date, which value is determined by multiplying $16.65, the closing price of Impax’s common stock on December 29, 2017, the termination date, by the number of shares of restricted stock (subject to vesting within 24 months) as of such date and (ii) in the event of termination from death or disability, the value realized on the acceleration of the vesting of all shares of restricted stock scheduled to vest within 12 months from the termination date, which value is determined by multiplying $16.65, the closing price of Impax’s common stock on December 29, 2017, the termination date, by the number of shares of restricted stock (subject to vesting within 12 months).	
(10)	Represents the value realized on the acceleration of the vesting of all shares of restricted stock, which value is determined by multiplying $16.65, the closing price of Impax common stock on December 29, 2017, the termination date, by the number of shares of restricted stock as of such date.	
(11)	Represents the amount payable under Mr. Reasons’ employment agreement with Impax, with the aggregate amount due paid in equal installments for a period of 12 months from the termination date.	
(12)	Represents the estimated cost to continue the Continuing Impax Executive Officer’s benefits for a period of six months from the termination date.	
(13)	Represents the value realized on the acceleration of the vesting of all unvested stock options scheduled to vest within 12 months from the termination date, which value is determined for each unvested stock option (subject to vesting within 12 months) by subtracting the exercise price for such stock option from $16.65, the closing price of Impax common stock on December 29, 2017, the termination date.	
(14)	Represents the value realized on the acceleration of the vesting of all unvested stock options scheduled to vest in the calendar year of the termination upon the certification of the Impax compensation committee based on the achievement of performance goals through the termination date, which value is determined for each unvested stock option by subtracting the exercise price for such stock option from $16.65, the closing price of Impax common stock on December 29, 2017, the termination date.	
(15)	Represents the value realized on the acceleration of the vesting of all shares of restricted stock scheduled to vest within 12 months from the termination date, which value is determined by multiplying $16.65, the closing price of Impax common stock on December 29, 2017, the termination date, by the number of shares of restricted stock (subject to vesting within 12 months) as of such date.	
(16)	Represents the value realized on the acceleration of the vesting of 50% of all shares of restricted stock, which value is determined by multiplying $16.65, the closing price of Impax common stock on December 29, 2017, the termination date, by the number of shares of such restricted stock as of such date.	
(17)	Represents the value received on the acceleration of the vesting of the unvested portion of the matching contributions made by Impax for the benefit of the Continuing Impax Executive Officer under Impax’s 401(k) plan and non-qualified deferred compensation plan.	
 
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Potential Payments upon Change in Control
Other than as noted below, the following table shows the potential benefit to each Continuing Impax Executive Officer related to (i) the acceleration of the vesting of the unvested portions of the stock options and the restricted stock held by such officer under the 2002 Plan assuming an equity plan change in control event occurred on December 31, 2017 and (ii) the acceleration of the vesting of the unvested portion of the matching contributions made by Impax for the benefit of the Continuing Impax Executive Officer under Impax’s non-qualified deferred compensation plan upon the occurrence of a “change in control” of Impax:

 	  	Option Awards	 	  	Stock Awards	 	  	 	 	
Continuing Impax Executive Officer and
Change in Control Event	  	Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unvested
Options (#)	 	  	Accelerated
Vesting of
Unvested
Options ($)(1)	 	  	Number of
Shares of
Unvested
Restricted
Stock (#)	 	  	Accelerated
Vesting of
Restricted
Stock ($)(2)	 	  	Accelerated
Vesting of
Matching
Contributions
by us ($)(3)	 	
Paul M. Bisaro	  				  				  				  				  				
Equity plan change in control event	  	 	850,000	 	  	 	3,357,500	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	
Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	
Bryan M. Reasons	  				  				  				  				  				
Equity plan change in control event	  	 	141,054	 	  	 	410,494	 	  	 	58,607	 	  	 	975,807	 	  	 	—  	 	
Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	

(1)	Based on the difference between the closing price of Impax common stock on December 29, 2017 of $16.65 per share and the exercise price of the stock option.	
(2)	Based on the closing price of Impax common stock on December 29, 2017 of $16.65 per share.	
(3)	Represents the value received on the acceleration of the vesting of the unvested portion of the matching contributions made by Impax for the benefit of the Continuing Impax Executive Officer under Impax’s 401(k) plan and non-qualified deferred compensation plan.	
Post-Combination Employment Agreements
We have entered into employment agreements with certain of our executive officers (the “Employment Agreements”). The following summary details the material terms of the Employment Agreements, which will remain effective and, to the extent applicable, ratified by the New Amneal Board.
Paul M. Bisaro
Paul M. Bisaro served as Impax’s President and Chief Executive Officer and Director from March 27, 2017 to the completion of the Combination, and now serves as a director on the board of New Amneal. In connection with his appointment as President and CEO of Impax, Mr. Bisaro and Impax entered into an employment agreement (the “Bisaro Employment Agreement”). The Bisaro Employment Agreement expires on March 27, 2019, unless further extended or earlier terminated. The Bisaro Employment Agreement automatically renews for single one-year periods unless either party provides a written notice of non-renewal at least 90 days prior to the end of the applicable term or unless it is terminated earlier.
Mr. Bisaro receives an annual base salary of $850,000, subject to increase, or decrease (only if salary decreases are concurrently implemented across the senior executives of Impax), as determined by the Impax Board or the compensation committee of the Impax Board. Mr. Bisaro is also eligible to receive an annual incentive bonus under Impax’s management bonus program. His eligibility for a 2017 annual incentive bonus is targeted at 100% of his base salary and up to 150% of his base salary based on the attainment of goals established in writing by the Impax Board or the compensation committee of the Impax Board, with such amount prorated based on the number of days elapsed in the year before and the date he commenced employment with Impax. On March 27, 2017, Mr. Bisaro was granted an option to purchase 850,000 Impax Shares with an exercise price per share of $12.70 that will vest and become exercisable as to 25% of the underlying shares on
 
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each of the first four anniversaries of March 27, 2017, subject to Mr. Bisaro’s continued employment with Impax.
Under the Bisaro Employment Agreement, Mr. Bisaro is entitled to severance payments and benefits if (i) Mr. Bisaro resigns for “good reason” (as defined in the Bisaro Employment Agreement), (ii) Impax terminates Mr. Bisaro’s employment without cause (as defined in the Bisaro Employment Agreement) or (iii) Mr. Bisaro’s employment is terminated by reason of death or for reasons of disability of: (A) two times the sum of his base salary as then in effect plus two times the average of the annual cash bonus awards received by Mr. Bisaro for all fiscal years during the term of the Bisaro Employment Agreement; (B) in the event such resignation or termination occurs following Impax’s first fiscal quarter of any year, a pro rata portion of his cash bonus award for the fiscal year in which the termination occurs; (C) continuation of benefits for 24 months from the termination date; and (D) the vesting of Mr. Bisaro’s stock options and restricted stock will be accelerated to the extent such stock options and restricted stock would have vested had Mr. Bisaro’s employment continued for an additional 24 months or, in the case of termination on account of Mr. Bisaro’s death or disability, 12 months; and (E) each stock option held by Mr. Bisaro will remain exercisable for up to 12 months following his termination date.
Under the Bisaro Employment Agreement, Mr. Bisaro is also entitled to severance payments and benefits if (i) Mr. Bisaro resigns for good reason within 60 days preceding or 12 months following a change in control, (ii) Impax terminates Mr. Bisaro’s employment without cause or Mr. Bisaro’s employment is terminated by reason of death or disability, in each case within 60 days preceding or 12 months following a change in control or (iii) the employment term expires or is not renewed by Impax and Mr. Bisaro’s employment is then terminated without cause within 12 months following the change in control of: (A) two and one half times the sum of his base salary as then in effect, plus two and one half times the average of the annual cash bonus awards received by Mr. Bisaro for all fiscal years during the term of the Bisaro Employment Agreement; (B) in the event such resignation or termination occurs following Impax’s first fiscal quarter of any year, a pro rata portion of his cash bonus award for the fiscal year in which the termination occurs; (C) continuation of benefits for 24 months from the termination date; (D) the vesting of Mr. Bisaro’s stock options and restricted stock will be fully accelerated; and (E) each stock option held by Mr. Bisaro will remain exercisable for up to 12 months following his termination date.
On December 16, 2017, Mr. Bisaro entered into the MOU, pursuant to which the parties agreed that as of the Closing and subject to both Mr. Bisaro serving as Chief Executive Officer of Impax through the Closing and Mr. Stewart commencing service as Chief Executive Officer of New Amneal as of the Closing, (i) Mr. Bisaro will commence service as the Executive Chairman of New Amneal (ii) no later than immediately following the Closing, Mr. Bisaro and New Amneal will enter into an employment agreement (the “Chairman Employment Agreement”) and (iii) the Bisaro Employment Agreement will then immediately terminate without triggering any right to severance payments or benefits thereunder. The MOU terminates upon the earliest of (a) the later of the Closing or the execution and delivery of the Chairman Employment Agreement and (b) 12 months from the MOU Effective Date. Pursuant to the MOU, Mr. the Bisaro Employment Agreement remains in full force and effect in accordance with its terms, subject to a waiver by Mr. Bisaro dated as of October 17, 2017, until the termination of the MOU, and will remain in full force and effect following the MOU’s termination as a result of the occurrence of the 12-month anniversary of the MOU Effective Date. In the event the MOU is terminated due to the Closing or the execution and delivery of the Chairman Employment Agreement, (x) Mr. Bisaro agrees that he will execute such other documents as reasonably necessary or appropriate to evidence the termination of the Bisaro Employment Agreement without triggering any severance obligations thereunder and (y) Impax will pay or provide all payments or benefits to Mr. Bisaro that are vested or earned but unpaid prior to the termination of the Bisaro Employment Agreement within 10 days of the termination of his existing employment agreement.
The initial term of the Chairman Employment Agreement pursuant to which Mr. Bisaro will serve as Executive Chairman of the New Amneal Board begins on the Closing and will expire on the third anniversary of the Closing, unless further extended or earlier terminated as provided in the Chairman Employment Agreement.
 
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The Chairman Employment Agreement automatically renews for single one-year periods unless either party provides a written notice of non-renewal at least 90 days prior to the end of the applicable term or unless it is terminated earlier.
Under the Chairman Employment Agreement, Mr. Bisaro will receive an annual base salary of $750,000, subject to increase, or decrease (only if salary decreases are concurrently implemented across the senior executives of New Amneal), as determined by the New Amneal Board or the Compensation Committee. Mr. Bisaro is also eligible to receive an annual bonus targeted at 100% of his base salary under the annual incentive program adopted by the New Amneal Board based on the attainment of performance objectives established in writing by the New Amneal Board, and such amount may be between zero and 150% of Mr. Bisaro’s base salary. The annual bonus will be prorated for Mr. Bisaro’s initial year of employment. As provided under the Chairman Employment Agreement, on or as promptly as practicable following the effective date of the Chairman Employment Agreement, but no later than 30 days immediately following such date, New Amneal will grant to Mr. Bisaro (i) an option to purchase the number of shares of New Amneal common stock necessary for the option to have a grant date fair value of $3.0 million (the “Initial Chairman Option”) and (ii) an award of restricted stock units having a grant date fair value equal to $1.5 million (the “Initial Chairman RSUs”). The per share exercise price of the Initial Chairman Option will be equal to the per share fair market value of the common stock of New Amneal on the date of grant. The Initial Chairman Option and the Initial Chairman RSUs will vest and become exercisable with respect to 25% of the total number of shares subject to the Initial Chairman Option and Initial Chairman RSUs, as applicable, on each of the first four anniversaries of the effective date of the Chairman Employment Agreement, subject to Mr. Bisaro’s continuous service to New Amneal through the applicable vesting date. The Initial Chairman Option and the Initial Chairman RSUs will otherwise be subject to the terms of the plan pursuant to which they are granted and award agreements to be entered into between Mr. Bisaro and New Amneal.
The Chairman Employment Agreement provides for severance payments and benefits if (i) Mr. Bisaro resigns for “good reason” (as defined in the Chairman Employment Agreement) or (ii) New Amneal terminates Mr. Bisaro’s employment without cause (as defined in the Chairman Employment Agreement), in each case other than during the period that is within three months preceding or 24 months following a change in control (as defined in the Chairman Employment Agreement). In addition to payment of earned and vested payments and benefits, these severance payments and benefits include: (A) two times his base salary as then in effect; (B) continuation of healthcare benefits until the second anniversary of his termination date; and (C) the vesting and if applicable, exercisability of each outstanding equity award granted to Mr. Bisaro will be accelerated to the extent such equity award would have vested had Mr. Bisaro’s employment continued until the first anniversary of his termination date and each stock option held by Mr. Bisaro will remain exercisable for a period of 12 months following his termination date (or until the original expiration date of the option, if earlier).
The Chairman Employment Agreement also provides for severance payments and benefits if Mr. Bisaro’s employment terminates as a result of Mr. Bisaro’s death or disability (as defined in the Chairman Employment Agreement), in each case other than during the period that is within three months preceding or 24 months following a change in control. In addition to payment of earned and vested payments and benefits, these severance payments and benefits include: (A) a pro-rated annual bonus based on actual performance for the fiscal year during which such termination occurs; (B) accelerated vesting of 100% of the then-unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units previously granted to Mr. Bisaro (or, upon a termination as a result of Mr. Bisaro’s disability, accelerated vesting of 50% of such then-unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units); (C) accelerated vesting and exercisability of the portion of the stock options previously granted to Mr. Bisaro that are scheduled to vest in the calendar year of Mr. Bisaro’s death or disability, as applicable; and (D) solely in the event of a termination as a result of Mr. Bisaro’s Disability, continuation of healthcare benefits for six months.
The Chairman Employment Agreement also provides for severance payments and benefits if (i) Mr. Bisaro resigns for good reason, (ii) New Amneal terminates Mr. Bisaro’s employment without cause or (iii) Mr. Bisaro’s employment terminates by reason of death or disability, in each case within three months
 
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preceding or 24 months following a change in control, In addition to payment of earned and vested payments and benefits, these severance payments and benefits include: (A) the sum of (x) two times his base salary as then in effect plus (y) an amount equal to two times his target annual bonus as then in effect; (B) continuation of healthcare benefits until the second anniversary of his termination date; and (C) the vesting and if applicable, exercisability of each equity award granted to Mr. Bisaro will be fully accelerated and each stock option held by Mr. Bisaro will remain exercisable for a period of 12 months following his termination date (or until the original expiration date of the option, if earlier). The Combination shall not constitute a change in control under the Chairman Employment Agreement.
The Chairman Employment Agreement requires Mr. Bisaro to maintain the confidentiality of information relating to New Amneal and its subsidiaries during and after the term of such agreement and also contains non-competition, non-solicitation and non-disparagement covenants as well as other provisions customary for this type of employment agreement.
Bryan M. Reasons
Bryan M. Reasons serves as the Chief Financial Officer of New Amneal. Mr. Reasons served as Impax’s Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer from December 2012 to the completion of the Combination and previously served as Impax’s Acting Chief Financial Officer from June 2012 to December 2012 and as Impax’s Vice President, Finance from January 2012 to June 2012. Mr. Reasons is party to an Employment Agreement dated as of December 12, 2012, by and among Impax and Mr. Reasons, as amended (the “Reasons Employment Agreement”). The Reasons Employment Agreement automatically renews for a one-year period unless either party provides at least 90 days written notice of non-renewal prior to the end of the applicable term or unless it is terminated earlier.
The Reasons Employment Agreement provides for (i) an initial base salary of $385,000, subject to increase or decrease as determined by the Impax Board or the compensation committee of the Impax Board; (ii) an annual cash incentive bonus based upon a percentage of Mr. Reasons’ base salary and the attainment of goals established in writing by the Impax Board or the compensation committee of the Impax Board; (iii) grants of stock options and restricted stock in an amount and on the terms determined by the compensation committee of the Impax Board; and (iv) other compensation that may be awarded by the Impax Board or the compensation committee of the Impax Board.
Mr. Reasons is also entitled to have the benefit of all group life, disability, hospital, surgical and major medical insurance plans and other employee benefit plans made available to Impax executive personnel.
The Reasons Employment Agreement may be terminated by Impax with or without “cause” or by Mr. Reasons without “good reason” or for no reason, as such terms are defined in the Reasons Employment Agreement.
The Reasons Employment Agreement requires the Mr. Reasons to maintain the confidentiality of information relating to Impax during and after the term of the agreement and also contain non-competition, non-solicitation, non-disparagement and cooperation covenants as well as other provisions customary for this type of employment agreement.
The Reasons Employment Agreement specifies Impax’s obligations to Mr. Reasons upon termination of his employment under various circumstances. The Reasons Employment Agreement may be terminated upon the death of Mr. Reasons, by Impax on 30 days written notice upon the disability of Mr. Reasons, by Impax upon written notice to Mr. Reasons with or without “cause” and by Mr. Reasons upon 60 days written notice without “good reason” or at any time prior to the 60th day after any event providing “good reason,” provided such event is not cured within 30 days.
 
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Upon the death of Mr. Reasons, Mr. Reasons’ estate shall receive: (i) any earned but unpaid base salary through the termination date; (ii) any annual cash incentive award earned but unpaid for the prior fiscal year, which amount will be paid within two and one-half months following the end of the calendar year to which it relates; (iii) reimbursement for any unreimbursed expenses properly incurred and paid through the termination date; (iv) any accrued but unused vacation time; (v) all vested stock options and restricted stock; and (vi) vested accrued benefits and other payments, if any, which Mr. Reasons or his dependents are entitled to under Impax’s employee benefit arrangements, plans and programs, as of the termination date, except severance pay plans, collectively referred to as the “amounts and benefits.” If the termination event occurs after our first fiscal quarter of any year, we will pay a pro rata portion of Mr. Reasons’ annual cash incentive award, to be determined by multiplying the amount of such award which would be due for the full fiscal year, as determined by the Impax Board, by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days during the fiscal year of termination Mr. Reasons was employed and the denominator of which is 365, referred to as the “pro rata award,” which amount will be paid within two and one-half months following the end of the calendar year to which it relates. In addition, all unvested restricted stock granted to Mr. Reasons will immediately vest and the portion of unvested stock options of Mr. Reasons which are scheduled to vest in the calendar year of the termination will vest upon the certification of the compensation committee of the Impax Board based on the achievement of performance goals through the termination date.
If the employment of Mr. Reasons is terminated by Impax on 30 days written notice upon the disability of Mr. Reasons, Impax will pay Mr. Reasons the amount and benefits, the pro rata award and medical benefits for six months. In addition, upon the receipt of a general release of claims from such officer, 50% of all unvested restricted stock granted to Mr. Reasons will immediately vest on the termination date and the portion of the unvested stock options of Mr. Reasons scheduled to vest in the calendar year of the termination will vest upon the certification of the compensation committee of the Impax Board based on the achievement of performance goals through the termination date.
If the employment Mr. Reasons is terminated for cause by us or without good reason by Mr. Reasons, we will pay Mr. Reasons the amount and benefits.
If the employment of Mr. Reasons is terminated without cause by Impax or for good reason by Mr. Reasons, we will pay Mr. Reasons the amounts and benefits. In addition, Mr. Reasons will receive the following: (i) a cash payment in an amount equal to the sum of (a) the balance of the base salary due under the Reasons Employment Agreement or one and one half times his base salary as then in effect, whichever is greater, plus (b) an amount equal to one and one half times the average of the annual cash incentive awards received by Mr. Reasons for all fiscal years ending during the term of the Reasons Employment Agreement, with the aggregate amount due paid in equal installments for a period of 12 months from the termination date; (ii) the pro rata award; and (iii) all benefits for 24 months from the termination date.
In addition, if the employment of Mr. Reasons is terminated without cause by us or for good reason by Mr. Reasons, all of the unvested stock options and restricted stock held by Mr. Reasons will be accelerated by 12 months and such stock options will remain exercisable for 12 months following his termination date.
If the employment of Mr. Reasons is terminated without cause by Impax or for good reason by Mr. Reasons within 60 days preceding or 12 months following a change in control or, with respect to Mr. Reasons, if the term of the Reasons Employment Agreement expires or is not renewed and Mr. Reasons is then terminated without cause by Impax within 12 months following a change of control, then, in addition to the amounts and benefits, Mr. Reasons will receive the following: (i) an amount equal to the sum of (a) the balance of the base salary due Mr. Reasons under the Reasons Employment Agreement or two and one quarter times Mr. Reasons’ then current base salary, whichever is greater, plus (b) an amount equal to two and one quarter times the average of the annual cash incentive awards received by Mr. Reasons for all fiscal years ending during the term of the agreement, with the aggregate amount due paid in equal installments for a period of 12 months from the termination date; and (ii) in the event such termination or resignation occurs following Impax’s first fiscal quarter of any year, the pro
 
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rata award, which amount will be paid within two and one-half months following the end of the calendar year to which it relates.
In addition, Mr. Reasons will also receive all benefits for 24 months from the termination date and the vesting of Mr. Reasons’ unvested stock options and restricted stock will be accelerated with respect to 100% of the shares subject thereto and his stock options will remain exercisable for 12 months following the termination date.
Under the Reasons Employment Agreement, upon a termination by Impax without cause or by Mr. Reasons for good reason, whether or not following a change of control, Impax’s obligation to (i) make severance payments and (ii) distribute, accelerate vesting periods or extend exercise periods with respect to restricted stock or stock options, as applicable, except for the provision of the amounts and benefits, is conditioned upon the receipt of a general release of claims from Mr. Reasons. In addition, any severance payable under the Reasons Employment Agreement which remains unpaid or other benefits yet to be received in connection with a termination by Impax without cause or by Mr. Reasons for good reason, whether or not following a change of control, will be forfeited by Mr. Reasons for failure to comply with the terms of the confidentiality and non-disclosure provisions, the non-solicitation covenants, the non-disparagement covenant, and the cooperation covenants.
Robert A. Stewart
In connection with his appointment as President of Amneal prior to the Closing and as President and Chief Executive Officer of New Amneal following the Closing, Robert A. Stewart entered into an Employment Agreement dated as of December 16, 2017 by and among Amneal, Holdco and Mr. Stewart (the “Stewart Employment Agreement”).
The initial term of the Stewart Employment Agreement began on January 25, 2018 and expires on the third anniversary of such date, unless further extended or earlier terminated as provided in the Stewart Employment Agreement. The Stewart Employment Agreement automatically renews for single one-year periods unless either party provides a written notice of non-renewal at least 90 days prior to the end of the applicable term or unless it is terminated earlier.
Under the Stewart Employment Agreement, Mr. Stewart receives an annual base salary of $1.0 million subject to increase (but not decrease), as determined by the Amneal Board or the New Amneal Board, as applicable. Mr. Stewart is also eligible to receive an annual bonus targeted at 100% of his base salary under the annual incentive program adopted by the Amneal Board based on the attainment of performance objectives established in writing by the Amneal Board, and such amount may be between zero and 150% of Mr. Stewart’s base salary. The annual bonus will be prorated for Mr. Stewart’s initial year of employment.
As provided under the Stewart Employment Agreement, on or as promptly as practicable following the Closing, but no later than 30 days immediately following the Closing, New Amneal will grant to Mr. Stewart (i) an award of restricted stock units having a grant date fair value equal to $2.5 million (the “Sign-on RSUs”); (ii) an option to purchase the number of shares of New Amneal common stock necessary for the option to have a grant date fair value of $5.0 million (the “Stewart Option”); and (iii) an award of restricted stock units having a grant date fair value equal to $2.5 million (the “Additional RSUs” and with the Sign-on RSUs, the “Stewart RSUs”). The per share exercise price of the Stewart Option will be equal to the per share fair market value of the common stock of New Amneal on the date of grant. The Stewart Option and the Stewart RSUs will vest and become exercisable with respect to 25% of the total number of shares subject to the Stewart Option and the Stewart RSUs, as applicable, on each of the first four anniversaries of the Closing, subject to Mr. Stewart’s continuous service to New Amneal through the applicable vesting date. The Stewart Option and the Stewart RSUs will otherwise be subject to the terms of the plan pursuant to which they are granted and an award agreement to be entered into between Mr. Stewart and New Amneal.
 
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The Stewart Employment Agreement provides for severance payments and benefits if (i) Mr. Stewart resigns for “good reason” (as defined in the Stewart Employment Agreement) or (ii) the Amneal Board terminates Mr. Stewart’s employment without “cause” (as defined in the Stewart Employment Agreement), in each case other than during the period that is within three months preceding or 24 months following a “change in control” (as defined in the Stewart Employment Agreement). In addition to payment of earned and vested payments and benefits, these severance payments and benefits include: (A) two times his base salary as then in effect; (B) a pro rata portion of his annual bonus for the fiscal year in which the termination occurs, based on actual performance for such fiscal year; (C) continuation of healthcare benefits until the second anniversary of his termination date; (D) the vesting and if applicable, exercisability of each outstanding equity award granted to Mr. Stewart will be accelerated to the extent such equity award would have vested had Mr. Stewart’s employment continued until the first anniversary of his termination date, provided however that if Mr. Stewart is terminated prior to the grant of the Stewart RSUs or Stewart Option and if substitute equity awards granted by
Amneal providing for an aggregate economic opportunity of not less than $10 million the (“Substitute Equity Awards”) have not been granted prior to Mr. Stewart’s termination date, then in lieu of the vesting acceleration of such equity awards, Mr. Stewart will receive a cash payment in an amount equal to $2.5 million, less withholding taxes, in a lump-sum payment on the first payroll date following the 60th day after his termination date; and (E) outplacement services by a reputable national outplacement service for up to two years following his termination date.
The Stewart Employment Agreement also provides for severance payments and benefits if (i) Mr. Stewart resigns for good reason, (ii) the Amneal Board terminates Mr. Stewart’s employment without cause or (iii) Mr. Stewart’s employment terminates by reason of death or disability (as defined in the Stewart Employment Agreement), in each case within three months preceding or 24 months following a change in control. In addition to payment of earned and vested payments and benefits, these severance payments and benefits include: (A) the sum of (x) two times his base salary as then in effect plus (y) two times his target annual bonus as then in effect; (B) a pro rata portion of his annual bonus for the fiscal year in which the termination occurs, based on actual performance for such fiscal year; (C) continuation of healthcare benefits until the second anniversary of his termination date; (D) the vesting and if applicable, exercisability of each equity award granted to Mr. Stewart will be fully accelerated, provided however that if Mr. Stewart is terminated prior to the grant of the Stewart RSUs or Stewart Option and if the Substitute Equity Awards have not been granted prior to Mr. Stewart’s termination date, then in lieu of the vesting acceleration, Mr. Stewart will receive a cash payment equal to $10 million, less withholding taxes, in a lump-sum payment on the first payroll date following the 60th day after his termination date; and (E) outplacement services by a reputable national outplacement service for up to two years following his termination date. The Combination shall not constitute a change in control under the Stewart Employment Agreement.
The Stewart Employment Agreement requires Mr. Stewart to maintain the confidentiality of information relating to Amneal and New Amneal, as applicable, during and after the term of such agreement and also contains non-competition, non-solicitation and non-disparagement covenants as well as other provisions customary for this type of employment agreement.
Andrew Boyer
In connection with his appointment as Executive Vice President, Commercial Operations of Amneal prior to the Closing and as Executive Vice President, Commercial Operations of New Amneal following the Closing, Andrew Boyer entered into an Employment Agreement, effective as of February 5, 2018, by and among Amneal, Amneal Group Representative and Mr. Boyer (the “Boyer Employment Agreement”).
The initial term of the Boyer Employment Agreement began on February 5, 2018 and expires on June 30, 2021, unless further extended or earlier terminated as provided in the Boyer Employment Agreement. The Boyer Employment Agreement automatically renews for single one-year periods unless either party provides a written notice of non-renewal at least 90 days prior to the end of the applicable term or unless it is terminated earlier.
 
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Under the Boyer Employment Agreement, Mr. Boyer receives an annual base salary of $650,000 subject to increase (but not decrease), as determined by the Amneal Board or the New Amneal Board, as applicable. Mr. Boyer is also eligible to receive an annual bonus targeted at 80% of his base salary under the annual incentive program adopted by the Amneal Board based on the attainment of reasonable performance objectives established in writing by the Amneal Board, and such amount may be between zero and 150% of Mr. Boyer’s base salary. The annual bonus will be prorated for Mr. Boyer’s initial year of employment.
As provided under the Boyer Employment Agreement, on or as promptly as practicable following the Closing, but no later than 30 days immediately following the Closing, New Amneal will grant to Mr. Boyer (i) an award of restricted stock units having a grant date fair value equal to $1.0 million (the “Boyer RSUs”) and (ii) an option to purchase the number of shares of New Amneal common stock necessary for the option to have a grant date fair value of $2.0 million (the “Boyer Option”). The per share exercise price of the Boyer Option will be equal to the per share fair market value of the common stock of New Amneal on the date of grant. The Boyer Option and the Boyer RSUs will vest and become exercisable with respect to 25% of the total number of shares subject to the Boyer Option and the Boyer RSUs, as applicable, on each of the first four anniversaries of the Closing, subject to Mr. Boyer’s continuous service to New Amneal through the applicable vesting date. The Boyer Option and the Boyer RSUs will otherwise be subject to the terms of the plan pursuant to which they are granted and an award agreement to be entered into between Mr. Boyer and New Amneal. In the event that the BCA is terminated and the Closing is not consummated, Amneal will grant to Mr. Boyer, within 30 days following such event, one or more profit participation unit awards providing for an aggregate economic opportunity of not less than $3.0 million.
The Boyer Employment Agreement provides for severance payments and benefits if (i) Mr. Boyer resigns for “good reason” (as defined in the Boyer Employment Agreement) or (ii) the Amneal Board terminates Mr. Boyer’s employment without “cause” (as defined in the Boyer Employment Agreement), in each case other than during the period that is within three months preceding or 24 months following a “change in control” (as defined in the Boyer Employment Agreement). In addition to payment of earned and vested payments and benefits, these severance payments and benefits include: (A) two times his base salary as then in effect; (B) a pro rata portion of his annual bonus for the fiscal year in which the termination occurs, based on actual performance for such fiscal year, and the prior year’s bonus to the extent not then already paid (based on the higher of target or actual performance of the relevant goals); (C) continuation of healthcare benefits until the second anniversary of his termination date; (D) the vesting and if applicable, exercisability of each outstanding equity award granted to Mr. Boyer will be accelerated to the extent such equity award would have vested had Mr. Boyer’s employment continued until the first anniversary of his termination date (and, to the extent applicable, each outstanding equity award granted to Mr. Boyer will remain exercisable until the first anniversary of his termination date); and (E) outplacement services by a reputable national outplacement service for up to two years following his termination date.
The Boyer Employment Agreement also provides for severance payments and benefits if (i) Mr. Boyer resigns for good reason, (ii) the Amneal Board terminates Mr. Boyer’s employment without cause or (iii) Mr. Boyer’s employment terminates by reason of death or disability (as defined in the Boyer Employment Agreement), in each case within three months preceding or 24 months following a change in control. In addition to payment of earned and vested payments and benefits, these severance payments and benefits include: (A) the sum of (x) two times his base salary as then in effect plus (y) two times his target annual bonus as then in effect; (B) a pro rata portion of his annual bonus for the fiscal year in which the termination occurs, based on actual performance for such fiscal year, and the prior year’s bonus to the extent not then already paid (based on the higher of target or actual performance of the relevant goals); (C) continuation of healthcare benefits until the second anniversary of his termination date; (D) the vesting and if applicable, exercisability of each equity award granted to Mr. Boyer will be fully accelerated (and, to the extent applicable, each outstanding equity award granted to Mr. Boyer will remain exercisable until the first anniversary of his termination date); and (E) outplacement services by a reputable national outplacement service for up to two years following his
 
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termination date. The Combination shall not constitute a change in control under the Boyer Employment Agreement.
The Boyer Employment Agreement requires Mr. Boyer to maintain the confidentiality of information relating to Amneal and New Amneal, as applicable, during and after the term of such agreement and also contains non-competition, non-solicitation and non-disparagement covenants as well as other provisions customary for this type of employment agreement.
Atlas Holdings, Inc. 2018 Incentive Award Plan
Eligibility and Administration
Employees, consultants and directors of New Amneal, and employees, consultants and directors of New Amneal’s subsidiaries will be eligible to receive awards under the 2018 Plan. The 2018 Plan will be administered by the New Amneal Board with respect to awards to non-employee directors and by the New Amneal compensation committee with respect to other participants, each of which may delegate its duties and responsibilities to committees of New Amneal’s directors and/or officers (referred to collectively as the plan administrator below), subject to certain limitations that may be imposed under current law (including Section 162(m) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), Section 16 of the Exchange Act, and/or stock exchange rules, as applicable). The plan administrator will have the authority to make all determinations and interpretations under, prescribe all forms for use with, and adopt rules for the administration of, the 2018 Plan, subject to the 2018 Plan’s express terms and conditions. The plan administrator will also set the terms and conditions of all awards under the 2018 Plan, including any vesting and vesting acceleration conditions.
Limitations on Awards and Shares Available
An aggregate of 23,000,000 shares of Class A common stock will initially be available for issuance under awards granted pursuant to the 2018 Plan, which shares may be authorized but unissued shares, or shares purchased in the open market. If an award under the 2018 Plan is forfeited, expires or is settled for cash, any shares subject to such award may, to the extent of such forfeiture, expiration or cash settlement, be used again for new grants under the 2018 Plan. However, the following shares may not be used again for grant under the 2018 Plan: (1) shares tendered or withheld to satisfy grant or exercise price or tax withholding obligations associated with an award; and (2) shares subject to a stock appreciation right (“SAR”) that are not issued in connection with the stock settlement of the SAR on its exercise.
Awards granted under the 2018 Plan upon the assumption of, or in substitution for, awards authorized or outstanding under a qualifying equity plan maintained by an entity with which we enter into a merger or similar corporate transaction will not reduce the shares available for grant under the 2018 Plan. The maximum aggregate value of any cash awards and equity-based awards that may be granted to any non-employee director of the New Amneal Board during any calendar year will be $700,000, with the value of any equity-based awards based on the grant date fair value of such award.
Awards
The 2018 Plan provides for the grant of stock options, including incentive stock options (“ISOs”), and nonqualified stock options (“NSOs”), restricted stock, dividend equivalents, stock payments, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance shares, other incentive awards (including, without limitation, phantom equity awards), SARs, and cash awards. Under current law, certain awards under the 2018 Plan may constitute or provide for a deferral of compensation, subject to Section 409A of the Code, which may impose additional requirements on the terms and conditions of such awards. All awards under the 2018 Plan will be set forth in award agreements, which will detail all terms and conditions of the awards, including any applicable vesting and
 
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payment terms and post-termination exercise limitations. Awards other than cash awards generally will be settled in shares of Class A common stock, but the plan administrator may provide for cash settlement of any award. A brief description of each award type follows.
 
 	•	 	Stock Options . Stock options provide for the purchase of shares of Class A common stock in the future at an exercise price set on the grant date. Under current law, ISOs, by contrast to NSOs, may provide tax deferral beyond exercise and favorable capital gains tax treatment to their holders if certain holding period and other requirements of the Code are satisfied. The exercise price of a stock option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of the underlying share on the date of grant (or 110% in the case of ISOs granted to certain significant stockholders), except with respect to certain substitute options granted in connection with a corporate transaction. The term of a stock option may not be longer than ten years (or five years in the case of ISOs granted to certain significant stockholders). Vesting conditions determined by the plan administrator may apply to stock options and may include continued service, performance and/or other conditions.	
 
 	•	 	SARs . SARs entitle their holder, upon exercise, to receive an amount equal to the appreciation of the shares subject to the award between the grant date and the exercise date. The exercise price of a SAR may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of the underlying share on the date of grant (except with respect to certain substitute SARs granted in connection with a corporate transaction) and the term of a SAR may not be longer than ten years. Vesting conditions determined by the plan administrator may apply to SARs and may include continued service, performance and/or other conditions.	
 
 	•	 	Restricted Stock, RSUs and Performance Shares . Restricted stock is an award of nontransferable shares of Class A common stock that remain forfeitable unless and until specified conditions are met, and which may be subject to a purchase price. RSUs are contractual promises to deliver shares of Class A common stock in the future, which may also remain forfeitable unless and until specified conditions are met. Delivery of the shares underlying RSUs may be deferred under the terms of the award or at the election of the participant, if the plan administrator permits such a deferral. Performance shares are contractual rights to receive a range of shares of Class A common stock in the future based on the attainment of specified performance goals, in addition to other conditions which may apply to these awards. Conditions applicable to restricted stock, RSUs and performance shares may be based on continuing service, the attainment of performance goals and/or such other conditions.	
 
 	•	 	Stock Payments, Other Incentive Awards and Cash Awards . Stock payments are awards of fully vested shares of Class A common stock that may, but need not, be made in lieu of base salary, bonus, fees or other cash compensation otherwise payable to any individual who is eligible to receive awards. Other incentive awards (including, without limitation, phantom equity awards) are awards other than those enumerated in this summary that are denominated in, linked to or derived from shares of Class A common stock or value metrics related to such shares, and may remain forfeitable unless and until specified conditions are met. Cash awards are cash incentive bonuses subject to performance goals.	
 
 	•	 	Dividend Equivalents . Dividend equivalents represent the right to receive the equivalent value of dividends paid on shares of Class A common stock and may be granted alone or in tandem with awards other than stock options or SARs. Dividend equivalents are credited as of dividend record dates during the period between the date an award is granted and the date such award vests, is exercised, is distributed or expires, as determined by the plan administrator. Dividend equivalents may not be paid on awards under the 2018 Plan unless and until such awards have vested.	
Certain Transactions
The plan administrator has broad discretion to take action under the 2018 Plan. Such discretion includes the ability to make adjustments to the terms and conditions of existing and future awards to prevent the dilution or enlargement of intended benefits and to facilitate necessary or desirable changes in the event of certain transactions and events affecting Class A common stock, such as stock dividends, stock splits, mergers,
 
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acquisitions, consolidations and other corporate transactions. In addition, in the event of certain non-reciprocal transactions with New Amneal stockholders known as “equity restructurings,” the plan administrator will make equitable adjustments to the 2018 Plan and outstanding awards. In the event of a change in control of New Amneal (as defined in the 2018 Plan), to the extent that the surviving entity declines to continue, convert, assume or replace outstanding awards, then the administrator may cause all such awards to become fully vested and exercisable (including with extension of exercise periods) in connection with the transaction or to be terminated in exchange for cash, rights or other property. Individual award agreements may provide for additional accelerated vesting and payment provisions.
Foreign Participants, Clawback Provisions, Transferability, and Participant Payments
The plan administrator may modify award terms, establish subplans and/or adjust other terms and conditions of awards, subject to the share limits described above, in order to facilitate grants of awards subject to the laws and/or stock exchange rules of countries outside of the United States. All awards will be subject to the provisions of any clawback policy implemented by New Amneal to the extent set forth in such clawback policy and/or in the applicable award agreement. With limited exceptions for estate planning, domestic relations orders, certain beneficiary designations and the laws of descent and distribution, awards under the 2018 Plan are generally non-transferable prior to vesting, and are exercisable only by the participant. With regard to tax withholding, exercise price and purchase price obligations arising in connection with awards under the 2018 Plan, the plan administrator may, in its discretion, accept cash or check, shares of Class A common stock that meet specified conditions, a “market sell order” or such other consideration as it deems suitable.
Plan Amendment and Termination
The New Amneal Board may amend or terminate the 2018 Plan at any time; however, except in connection with certain changes in New Amneal’s capital structure, stockholder approval will be required for any amendment that increases the number of shares available under the 2018 Plan, “reprices” any stock option or SAR, or cancels any stock option or SAR in exchange for cash or another award when the option or SAR price per share exceeds the fair market value of the underlying shares. No award may be granted pursuant to the 2018 Plan after the tenth anniversary of the date on which the Impax Board adopts the 2018 Plan.
Summary of U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences
The following summary of tax consequences to New Amneal and to 2018 Plan participants is intended to be used solely by stockholders in considering how to vote on this proposal and not as tax guidance to participants in the 2018 Plan. It relates only to U.S. federal income tax and does not address state, local or foreign income tax rules or other U.S. tax provisions, such as estate or gift taxes. Different tax rules may apply to specific participants and transactions under the 2018 Plan, particularly in jurisdictions outside the United States. In addition, this summary is as of the date of this prospectus; federal income tax laws and regulations are frequently revised and may be changed again at any time. Therefore, each recipient is urged to consult a tax advisor before exercising any award or before disposing of any shares of Class A common stock acquired under the 2018 Plan. This summary is subject to change to the extent that the tax consequences with respect to any awards change as a result of currently proposed U.S. tax reform legislation.
Stock Options and SARs
The grant of an option or SAR will create no tax consequences for the participant or New Amneal. A participant will have no taxable income upon exercise of an incentive stock option, except that the alternative minimum tax may apply. Upon exercise of an option other than an incentive stock option, a participant generally must recognize ordinary income equal to the fair market value of the shares of Class A common stock acquired minus the exercise price. When disposing of shares of Class A common stock acquired by exercise of an incentive stock option before the end of the applicable incentive stock option holding periods, the participant
 
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generally must recognize ordinary income equal to the lesser of (1) the fair market value of the shares of Class A common stock at the date of exercise minus the exercise price or (2) the amount realized upon the disposition of the shares of Class A common stock minus the exercise price. Otherwise, a participant’s disposition of shares of Class A common stock acquired upon the exercise of an option (including an incentive stock option for which the incentive stock option holding periods are met) generally will result in only capital gain or loss.
Other Awards
Other awards under the 2018 Plan generally will result in ordinary income to the participant at the later of the time of delivery of cash, shares of Class A common stock, or other awards, or the time that either the risk of forfeiture or restriction on transferability lapses on previously delivered cash, shares of Class A common stock or other awards.
Company Deduction
Except as discussed below, New Amneal is generally entitled to a tax deduction equal to the amount recognized as ordinary income by the participant in connection with options, SARs or other awards, but not for amounts the participant recognizes as capital gain. Thus, New Amneal will not be entitled to any tax deduction with respect to an incentive stock option if the participant holds the shares of Class A common stock for the incentive stock option holding periods.
Impact of Section 162(m) of the Code Deduction Limitation
Section 162(m) of the Code imposes a $1,000,000 cap on the compensation deduction that a public company may take in respect of compensation paid to New Amneal “covered employees” (which should include New Amneal’s Chief Executive Officer, New Amneal’s Chief Financial Officer and New Amneal’s next three most highly compensated employees), but excludes from the calculation of amounts subject to this limitation any awards that qualify for transition relief applicable to newly public companies under current law.
New Plan Benefits
The benefits that will be awarded or paid under the 2018 Plan are not currently determinable. Awards granted under the 2018 Plan are within the discretion of the New Amneal compensation committee, and the New Amneal compensation committee has not determined future awards or who might receive them.
 
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 CERTAIN RELATED PARTIES AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
In the ordinary course of New Amneal’s business, New Amneal may enter into a number of transactions with its directors, officers, employees or stockholders, or with the directors, managers, officers, employees, members or stockholders of its affiliates. The conflicts committee (the “ Conflicts Committee ”) of the New Amneal Board is governed by a written charter of the Conflicts Committee and has the authority delegated by the New Amneal Board pursuant thereto.
Pursuant to the delegation of authority from the New Amneal Board, the Conflicts Committee is responsible for reviewing all transactions between New Amneal, its subsidiaries, or any person controlled by New Amneal and any Amneal Group Member, or its directors, officers, employees, or “associates” (as defined in Rule 12b-2 promulgated under the Exchange Act) to determine whether such persons have a direct or indirect material interest in such transaction. Pursuant to delegation of authority from the New Amneal Board and the charter of the Conflicts Committee, the Conflicts Committee is also responsible for the review and approval of any transaction between (i) any Amneal Group Member, or any director, officer, employee or associate of any Amneal Group Member, on the one hand and (ii) New Amneal, or any of its subsidiaries, or any person controlled by New Amneal (collectively, the “ Company Group ”), on the other hand, which involves aggregate amounts in excess of $2,500,000 or is otherwise material to the Company Group. Based on all the relevant facts and circumstances, the Conflicts Committee will decide whether the above referenced related-party transactions with respect to New Amneal are appropriate and will approve only those transactions that are in the best interests of New Amneal.
Each of the following transactions was entered into on an arm’s length basis, but prior to the Closing and therefore prior to the establishment of the Conflicts Committee. As such, the following transactions have not been reviewed or approved by the Conflicts Committee.
Related Party Transactions Involving Mr. Chirag Patel and Mr. Chintu Patel
As of the date of this prospectus, Messrs. Chirag Patel and Chintu Patel are the Co-Chief Executive Officers of Amneal and are each a member of the Amneal’s Board. Each of Mr. Chirag Patel and Mr. Chintu Patel are expected to serve on the New Amneal Board as co-Chairmen following the Closing.
Adello Biologics, LLC
Adello is an independent clinical stage company engaged in the development of biosimilar pharmaceutical products.
Amneal and Adello are party to a license and commercialization agreement (the “ Adello License Agreement ”) pursuant to which Adello and Amneal have agreed to cooperate with respect to certain development activities in connection with two biologic pharmaceutical products (the “ Adello Products ”). In addition, under the Adello License Agreement, Adello has appointed Amneal as its exclusive marketing partner for the Adello Products in the United States. In connection with the Adello License Agreement, Adello received an upfront payment of $1.5 million from Amneal in October 2017 and is entitled to share in Amneal’s Net Profits on the Products if and when commercialized. In addition, Adello is eligible to receive from Amneal payments of (i) up to $21 million in milestones relating to obtaining regulatory approval for the Adello Products, (ii) up to $43 million in milestones for the successful manufacture and delivery of the Adello Products, (iii) between $20 million and $50 million in milestones depending on the number of competitors for one of the Adello Products at launch and (iv) between $15 and $67.5 million for the achievement of cumulative combined Net Sales levels for the Adello Products, subject to certain conditions and the achievement of specific development and commercial objectives.
In October, 2017, Adello and a subsidiary of Amneal terminated a product development agreement pursuant to which such subsidiary and Adello had been collaborating to develop and commercialize Glatiramer Acetate
 
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products. Pursuant to the termination agreement, the parties’ activities under the product development terminated and Amneal’s subsidiary purchased Adello’s rights to receive a share of the profits from Amneal’s future commercialization of Glatiramer Acetate products in exchange for Amneal’s payment of $10.5 million to Adello.
In October, 2017, pursuant to a Deed of Transfer, Adello also sold its interest in the real property associated with Amneal’s Cashel, Ireland manufacturing facility to Amneal for a purchase price of Euro 12.5 million. Amneal financed the purchase price pursuant to the issuance of an interest-bearing, unsecured promissory note in favor of Adello payable on or before July 1, 2019.
Amneal and Adello are also party to a master services agreement (the “ Adello Services Agreement ”) pursuant to which Amneal from time to time provides human resources, product quality assurance and other services to Adello. Pursuant to the Adello Services Agreement, the total amount of net expense paid to Adello from these agreements for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $98,000 and $67,000, respectively.
From time to time, Adello may enter into arm’s length services and other arrangements or agreements with Amneal or certain of its subsidiaries in the ordinary course, none of which is material to the business of either party.
Mr. Chirag Patel and Mr. Chintu Patel beneficially own, directly and through certain revocable or irrevocable trusts for the benefit of their immediate families, 45.5% in the aggregate of the outstanding equity securities of Adello.
AE Companies LLC
AE Companies LLC (“ AE LLC ”) is an independent company which provides certain shared services and finance, legal and other administrative functions to a number of entities with which Amneal conducts business, including Adello, AmDerma, Asana, Kashiv and Prolong.
Amneal and AE LLC are party to an Administrative & Support Services Agreement (the “ AE LLC Agreement ”) pursuant to which Amneal provides administrative services to AE LLC. The total amount of income earned from these agreements for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $0.8 million and $1.1 million, respectively.
Mr. Chirag Patel and Mr. Chintu Patel beneficially own, through their respective revocable trusts, 50% in the aggregate of the outstanding equity securities of AE LLC.
AmDerma Pharmaceuticals, LLC and Asana Biosciences, LLC
AmDerma is an independent company engaged in the research and development of dermatological products with one product in development for the treatment of psoriasis. Asana is an independent early stage drug discovery and R&D company focusing on several therapeutic areas, including oncology, pain and inflammation. Pursuant to a development and manufacturing agreement (the “ Asana Agreement ”) between Amneal and Asana, Amneal provides development and manufacturing services to Asana with respect to certain products owned by Asana and also provides development and manufacturing services to Asana with respect to products owned by AmDerma, which is managed by Asana. Amneal received $53,000 from AmDerma during fiscal year 2016 and immaterial amounts during the year ended December 31, 2017 for services provided pursuant to the Asana Agreement, a portion of which related to Amneal’s work in connection with AmDerma’s product.
Mr. Chirag Patel and Mr. Chintu Patel beneficially own, directly and through certain revocable or irrevocable trusts for the benefit of their immediate families, 37% in the aggregate of the outstanding equity securities of AmDerma. Mr. Chirag Patel and Mr. Chintu Patel beneficially own, directly and through certain revocable or irrevocable trusts for the benefit of their immediate families, 47% in the aggregate of the outstanding equity securities of Asana.
 
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Gemini Laboratories, LLC
Gemini Laboratories, LLC (“ Gemini ”) is an independent specialty pharmaceuticals company focused on promoting niche branded products to endocrinologists, pediatricians, OB/GYNs and other specialist physicians. Gemini also engages in the wholesale distribution of generic pharmaceuticals to compounding pharmacies and to directly dispensing physicians, and promotes and distributes certain branded or quasi-branded products. Gemini predominantly sells products through branded wholesalers and certain compounding pharmacies and partners that service directly dispensing physicians.
Amneal and Gemini are party to a license, supply and distribution agreement dated as of January 1, 2014 related to certain unapproved drug products no longer marketed by Amneal. Under this agreement Amneal licensed to Gemini the rights to market, sell and distribute Phenazopyridine and Salsalate products, and to utilize the tradename Pyridium ® . Amneal earns profits on both the supply of product and royalty income received from Gemini.
Amneal and Gemini are also party to a license, supply and distribution agreement dated as of September 28, 2015 for the non-exclusive supply of certain generic drug products and the license of the trademark Activella ® . Under this agreement, Amneal non-exclusively supplies Gemini with certain generic pharmaceutical products on an arms-length basis and earns profits on both the supply of product and royalty income received from Gemini.
In addition, Amneal and Gemini are party to a license, supply and distribution agreement, dated as of April 13, 2016, pursuant to which Amneal licensed to Gemini the rights to Nizatidine oral solution and granted Gemini the right to promote, market and sell the product in the United States. Gemini is the registered owner of the trademark Axid, which it may use in conjunction with the promotion of the product.
Pursuant to the three agreements described above, total gross profit earned from the sale of inventory to Gemini for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $2.6 million and $16.0 million, respectively. The total profit share paid by Gemini for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $11.5 million and $14.9 million, respectively.
Finally, Amneal and Gemini are party to a contract development, manufacturing and supply agreement, dated as of March 1, 2017 (the “ Gemini CDMO Agreement ”), pursuant to which Gemini has engaged Amneal to perform certain contract development and manufacturing services for a Gemini 505(b)(2) NDA product in development. Gemini is responsible to reimburse all of Amneal’s out-of-pocket development costs and Amneal is entitled to a royalty on the net sales of the product once it is commercialized. As of September 30, 2017, Amneal had incurred immaterial amounts in reimbursable expenses under the Gemini CDMO Agreement. No royalty income has been received during the year ended December 31, 2017, as the product is still in development.
From time to time, Gemini may enter into arm’s length services and other arrangements or agreements with Amneal or certain of its subsidiaries in the ordinary course, none of which is material to the business of either party.
Certain members of Mr. Chirag Patel’s and Mr. Chintu Patel’s immediate families beneficially own, indirectly through limited liability companies, 46% in the aggregate of the outstanding equity securities of Gemini.
Industrial Real Estate Holdings NY, LLC
Industrial Real Estate Holdings NY, LLC (“ Industrial Real Estate ”) is an independent real estate management entity and is the landlord Amneal’s leased manufacturing facility located at 75 Adams Street, Hauppauge, New York, pursuant to certain sublease agreements entered into by Industrial Real Estate and
 
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Amneal Pharmaceuticals of New York LLC, a subsidiary of Amneal (collectively, the “ New York Sublease Agreements ”). Pursuant to the New York Sublease Agreements, rent expense paid to Industrial Real Estate for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $1.1 million and $1.4 million, respectively.
Mr. Chirag Patel and Mr. Chintu Patel beneficially own, directly and through certain revocable trusts for the benefit of their immediate families, 23.5% in the aggregate of the outstanding equity securities of Industrial Real Estate Holdings.
Kanan, LLC
Kanan, LLC (“ Kanan ”) is an independent real estate company and is the landlord (pursuant to lease agreements entered into with Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC) of Amneal’s leased manufacturing facilities located at 65 Readington Road, Branchburg, New Jersey, 131 Chambers Brook Road, Branchburg, New Jersey and 1 New England Avenue, Piscataway, New Jersey, pursuant to certain lease agreements entered into by Amneal and Kanan (the “ New Jersey Lease Agreements ”). Pursuant to the New Jersey Lease Agreements, rent expense to Kanan for both the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $2.0 million.
Mr. Chirag Patel and Mr. Chintu Patel beneficially own, through certain revocable trusts, 28% in the aggregate of the equity securities of Kanan.
Kashiv Pharmaceuticals LLC
Kashiv is an independent contract development organization focused primarily on the development of 505(b)(2) NDA products utilizing its own proprietary technology platforms, particularly in the areas of abuse deterrence and bioavailability enhancement. Amneal and Kashiv are party to a multi-product development agreement, dated as of August 1, 2011 (the “ Kashiv Multi-Product Agreement ”), pursuant to which Amneal and Kashiv have agreed to collaborate on the development and commercialization of a number of generic pharmaceutical products. Pursuant to the Kashiv Multi-Product Agreement, Kashiv provides services (at Amneal’s direction) for the development of a given product, including analytical and formulation development. In exchange for the services it provides, Kashiv is entitled to receive 20% of the net profits realized with respect to Amneal’s sales of such product.
Amneal and Kashiv were party to a product development agreement, dated as of January 1, 2012 (the “ Estradiol Kashiv Agreement ”), pursuant to which Amneal and Kashiv have agreed to collaborate on the development and commercialization of Estradiol Vaginal Tablets (the “ Estradiol Product ”). Pursuant to the Estradiol Kashiv Agreement, the Estradiol Product was originally owned by Kashiv, with Amneal acting as the exclusive marketing partner under the Estradiol Kashiv Agreement. In June, 2017, Amneal acquired from Kashiv all rights to the Estradiol Product and bought out its royalty obligation to Kashiv with respect to a second product, aspirin dipyridamole extended release capsules, in exchange for payment by Amneal to Kashiv of $25 million and pursuant to a Product Acquisition and Royalty Stream Purchase Agreement dated as of June 29, 2017 (the “ Product and Royalty Purchase Agreement ”). Pursuant to the Product and Royalty Purchase Agreement, Kashiv is also entitled to payment of an addition $10 million if, as of June 30, 2018, certain conditions relating to the Estradiol Product have been met.
Amneal and Kashiv are party to a product development agreement, dated as of August 9, 2013 (the “ Oxycodone Kashiv Agreement ”), pursuant to which Amneal and Kashiv have agreed to collaborate on the development and commercialization of Oxycodone HCI ER Oral Tablets (the “ Oxycodone Product ”). Pursuant to the Oxycodone Kashiv Agreement, the Oxycodone Product is owned by Kashiv, with Amneal acting as the exclusive marketing partner and as Kashiv’s agent for filing an ANDA related to the Oxycodone Product. In October of 2017, Amneal and Kashiv entered into a letter agreement to terminate the Oxycodone Kashiv Agreement prior to the closing of the Combination, subject to Amneal’s confirmation that the Combination will be completed. In the event that the Oxycodone Kashiv Agreement is terminated, Kashiv will be obligated to
 
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reimburse Amneal approximately $7.8 million in third party expenses incurred by Amneal in connection with the development of the Oxycodone Product.
Pursuant to the three agreements described above, the total profit share paid to Kashiv for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $10.3 million and $5.3 million, respectively.
Amneal and Kashiv are party to a sublease agreement, dated as of May 1, 2013 (the “ Kashiv Sublease ”) pursuant to which Amneal, as sublandlord, leases to Kashiv a building comprising approximately 143,000 square feet of multipurpose space in Bridgewater, New Jersey to Kashiv, as subtenant, for the purposes of pharmaceutical R&D, manufacturing, office space, warehousing and ancillary uses. The original term of the sublease expired on April 30, 2016 but is subject to renewal for successive one year terms unless either party gives the other 12 months prior notice of its election to terminate the sublease. Pursuant to the Kashiv Sublease, rental income from the related-party sublease for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $1.9 million and $1.8 million, respectively.
From time to time, Kashiv may enter into arm’s length services and other arrangements or agreements with Amneal or certain of its subsidiaries in the ordinary course, none of which is material to the business of either party.
Mr. Chirag Patel and Mr. Chintu Patel beneficially own, directly and through certain revocable or irrevocable trusts for the benefit of their immediate families, 43.875% in the aggregate of the outstanding equity securities of Kashiv.
Nava Pharma, LLC and PharmaSophia, LLC
PharmaSophia, LLC (“PharmaSophia”) is a joint venture formed by Nava Pharma, LLC (“ Nava ”) and Oakwood Laboratories, LLC for the purpose of developing certain products. PharmaSophia and Nava are parties to a research and development agreement (the “ Nava PharmaSophia Agreement ”) pursuant to which Nava provides R&D services to PharmaSophia. Nava and Amneal are party to a subcontract agreement (the “ Nava Amneal Subcontract Agreement” ) pursuant to which Nava has subcontracted certain of its obligations under the Nava PharmaSophia Agreement to Amneal and Amneal performs such services. Pursuant to the Nava Amneal Subcontract Agreement, the total amount of income earned from these agreements for both the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $0.3 million.
Mr. Chirag Patel and Mr. Chintu Patel beneficially own, directly and through certain revocable or irrevocable trusts for the benefit of their immediate families, 37.5% in the aggregate of the outstanding equity securities of Nava. Nava beneficially owns 50% of the outstanding equity securities of PharmaSophia.
Employment and Shareholder Arrangements With Immediate Family Members
Vikrant Patel, a brother-in-law of Chirag and Chintu Patel, who are Co-Chairmen of the New Amneal Board, is employed by us as Senior Director, Information Technology. During each of the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017, Mr. Vikrant Patel had total compensation of approximately $194,000.
Kanubhai Patel, Chirag and Chintu Patel’s father, is employed by us as the Chairman of Amneal Pharmaceuticals India Private Limited (“Amneal India”). During each of the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017, Mr. Kanubhai Patel had total compensation of approximately $327,000.
Kanubhai Patel, Suresh Patel and Nikunj Patel (Chirag and Chintu Patel’s father, uncle and cousin, respectively, and, collectively, the “Amneal India Family Members”) had the right to receive 5% of the total net consideration realized from a sale of Amneal India. This right was terminated upon the Closing in exchange for a payment to the Amneal India Family Members in an amount determined at the time of the Closing.
 
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Kanubhai Patel, Bindu Patel and Vikrant Patel (Chirag and Chintu Patel’s father, sister and brother-in-law, respectively) are holders of profit participation units in Amneal. In connection with the Combination, they received approximately $ [●], $ [●], and $ [●] respectively in cash and shares of the Company.
Agreements Entered into in Connection with the Combination and the PIPE Investment
Stockholders Agreement
On October 17, 2017, Holdco and the Existing Amneal Members entered into a stockholders agreement that was subsequently amended and restated on December 16, 2017. (the “ Stockholders Agreement ”), which sets forth, among other things, certain rights and obligations of the Existing Amneal Members and Holdco with respect to the corporate governance of New Amneal, transfer restrictions on shares held by Amneal Group Members and their affiliates, acquisitions of common stock by Amneal Group Members and their affiliates or dispositions of shares held by Amneal Group Members and their affiliates, preemptive rights and related party transactions.
The following summary of the terms of the Stockholders Agreement is not a complete description thereof and is qualified in its entirety by the full text thereof. For purposes of this summary, a reference to Amneal Group Members’ affiliates does not include New Amneal.
Corporate Governance
Board Composition.
The Stockholders Agreement provides that the board of directors of New Amneal (the “ New Amneal Board ”) will consist of no more than 13 members, subject to increase for a Qualifying Investor (as defined below). If an Executive Event has occurred, the New Amneal Board will consist of no more than 11 members, subject to an increase for a Qualifying Investor.
Immediately following the Closing, the New Amneal Board will be as set forth below:
 
 	•	 	Amneal Directors. Seven Amneal Directors will be designated by the Amneal Group Representative, including the Co-Chairmen. Following the Closing, Chirag Patel and Chintu Patel will be the Co-Chairmen of the New Amneal Board, unless an Executive Event has occurred, in which case the number of Amneal Directors will be six.	
 
 	•	 	Non-Amneal Directors. Five Non-Amneal Directors will be designated by Impax, including Paul M. Bisaro, the CEO of Impax, and four directors selected from the Impax Board as of the date of the BCA that meet the NYSE independence standards, including Robert L. Burr, the current chairman of the Impax Board, who will serve as Lead Independent Director of the New Amneal Board and, unless an Executive Event has occurred, Robert A. Stewart, who will serve as the CEO of New Amneal following the Closing.	
Qualifying Investor.
 
 	•	 	In the event that Amneal Group Members transfer more than 4% of the outstanding New Amneal Shares to an investor pursuant to privately negotiated sales exempt from registration requirements of the Securities Act (a “ Qualifying Investor ”) and, following such transfer, Amneal Group Members continue to beneficially own more than 50% of the outstanding New Amneal Shares, then the Amneal Group Representative will have a one-time right to increase the size of the New Amneal Board by two directors and fill the vacancies with one new director designated by the Amneal Group Representative and one new director designated by the Qualifying Investor. Such Qualifying Investor may designate a board observer if it has not appointed a director.	
 
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 	•	 	In the event that Amneal Group Members transfer more than 5% of the outstanding New Amneal Shares to a Qualifying Investor, and, immediately prior to or following such transfer, Amneal Group Members beneficially own less than 50% of the outstanding New Amneal Shares, then the Amneal Group Representative will have a one-time right to replace any exiting Amneal director with a director designated by such a Qualifying Investor.	
 
 	•	 	For so long as the Existing Amneal Members or any of their affiliates, successors and permitted assigns to which any New Amneal Shares have been transferred in accordance with the Stockholders Agreement (each an “ Amneal Group Member ” and collectively, “ Amneal Group ”) continue to beneficially own more than 50% of the outstanding New Amneal Shares, directors designated by the Amneal Group Representative will have the right to designate the Co-Chairmen of the New Amneal Board, and the Non-Amneal Directors will have the right to designate the Lead Independent Director of the New Amneal Board.	
For so long as the Amneal Group Members continue to beneficially own more than 50% of the outstanding New Amneal Shares, the Amneal Group Representative will have the right to designate for nomination the lowest number of Amneal designees that constitute a majority of the total number of directors comprising the New Amneal Board. New Amneal will cause such nominee(s) to be included in the slate of nominees recommended by the New Amneal Board to holders of New Amneal Shares for election (including at any special meeting of stockholders held for the election of directors). Seventy-five percent (75%) of the directors serving on the Nominating Committee will be required to approve (i) a decision not to nominate any initial directors of the New Amneal Board for re-election to the New Amneal Board at either of the first two annual meetings of stockholders of New Amneal following the Closing Date and (ii) until the third annual meeting of stockholders of New Amneal following the Closing Date, any change to the individuals serving as Chairman or Co-Chairmen of the New Amneal Board.
If the Amneal Group Members beneficially own less than 50% but more than 10% of the outstanding New Amneal Shares, the Amneal Group Representative will have the right to designate a number of directors proportionate to the beneficial ownership of outstanding New Amneal Shares by the Amneal Group Members (rounded up to the nearest whole number).
With respect to the Amneal Directors, until the Trigger Date, any vacancy will be filled by the New Amneal Board with a director designated by the Amneal Group Representative, except when such vacancy is created when the number of the Amneal Directors then serving on the New Amneal Board is in excess of the number of Amneal designees the Amneal Group Representative has the right to designate under the New Amneal Bylaws and the Stockholders Agreement.
With respect to the Non-Amneal Directors, the Nominating Committee will fill any vacancy (other than the CEO of New Amneal with a person who satisfies all the qualifications of an Independent Director, subject to the prior written consent of the Conflicts Committee.
Committees.
The New Amneal Board will initially have the following committees: (i) Audit Committee, (ii) Nominating Committee, (iii) Compensation Committee, (iv) Conflicts Committee, and (v) Integration Committee. The formation of, composition of, and amendment to the charter of any other committee requires the approval of 75% of the directors of the New Amneal Board.
Nominating and Compensation Committees. The Amneal Group Representative will have the right to nominate two of the four directors serving on each of the Nominating Committee and Compensation Committee for so long as the Amneal Group Members beneficially own more than 50% of the outstanding New Amneal Shares. The remaining directors will be designated by a majority of the Independent Directors of the New Amneal Board.
 
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An “ Independent Director ” is a director who:
 
 	•	 	meets the independence standards under the NYSE rules;	
 
 	•	 	is not a director designated by the Amneal Group Representative;	
 
 	•	 	is not a current or former member of the board of directors of any Amneal Group Member or its affiliates or officer or employee of any Amneal Group Member or its affiliates;	
 
 	•	 	does not have and has not had any other material relationship with Amneal or its affiliates; and	
 
 	•	 	is designated by the Conflicts Committee as an “Independent Director.”	
Conflicts Committee. Until the Trigger Date, the New Amneal Board will have a Conflicts Committee comprised solely of Independent Directors. Any amendments to the Conflicts Committee charter will be approved by (i) 75% of the directors of the New Amneal Board, (ii) a majority of the Independent Directors, and (iii) a majority of the Conflicts Committee. The responsibilities of the Conflicts Committee include approval of certain transfers of New Amneal Shares by an Amneal Group Member to third parties, approval of any related party transactions, and approval of any material amendment to the Stockholders Agreement, as set forth in the Conflicts Committee charter, the form of which is attached as Exhibit A to the Stockholders Agreement.
Integration Committee. For a minimum of two years following the Closing, the Integration Committee will serve as an advisory committee to management in connection with the integration of Impax and Amneal. The Integration Committee will be comprised of Chirag Patel, Chintu Patel and Paul M. Bisaro.
Other Committees . Until the Trigger Date, each committee of the New Amneal Board will include at least one director designated by the Amneal Group Representative, subject to the applicable NYSE requirements. If at any time, any committee (other than the Conflicts Committee) does not have at least one such Amneal-designated director, the Amneal Group Representative will be entitled to designate a director to have observer rights. The formation and composition of any committee not specified above requires the approval of 75% of the New Amneal Board.
Chief Executive Officer. Robert A. Stewart will be the CEO of New Amneal following the Closing, unless an Executive Event has occurred. If an Executive Event has occurred, Paul M. Bisaro, the current CEO of Impax, will be the CEO of New Amneal, and for 18 months following the Closing, the removal of Paul M. Bisaro as CEO will require the approval of (i) a majority of the New Amneal Board and a majority of the Non-Amneal Directors (other than Paul M. Bisaro).
Executive Chairman . If and only if an Executive Event has not occurred, Paul M. Bisaro, the current CEO of Impax, will be the Executive Chairman of New Amneal following the Closing. For 18 months following the Closing, the removal of Paul M. Bisaro as the Executive Chairman will require the approval of (i) a majority of the New Amneal Board and a majority of the Non-Amneal Directors (other than Paul M. Bisaro).
Amneal Agreement to Vote. From the Closing and until the Trigger Date, Amneal Group must cause its New Amneal Shares to be present for quorum purposes at any New Amneal Stockholders meeting, vote in favor of all director designees recommended by the New Amneal Board, and not vote in favor of the removal of any Non-Amneal Director, unless such removal is recommended by the Nominating Committee.
Amneal Consent Rights. For so long as Amneal Group Members beneficially own more than 25% of the outstanding New Amneal Shares, New Amneal will not take the following actions without obtaining prior consent by the Amneal Group Representative:
 
 	•	 	amend, modify, or repeal any provision of the New Amneal Charter or the New Amneal Bylaws in a manner that adversely impacts any Amneal Group Member;	
 
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 	•	 	effect any change in the authorized number of directors, except pursuant to the Stockholders Agreement;	
 
 	•	 	create or reclassify any new or existing class or series of capital stock to grant rights, preferences, or privileges with respect to voting, liquidation, redemption, conversion or dividends that are senior to or on parity with those of the New Amneal Shares; or	
 
 	•	 	consummate any transaction as a result of which (a) more than 50% of the outstanding New Amneal Shares will be beneficially owned by any persons other than Amneal Group Members and (b) any Amneal Group Member receives an amount or form of consideration different that which is granted to from other holders of New Amneal Shares.	
Restrictions on Transfers and Acquisitions
Lock-up. During the Lock-up Period, no Amneal Group Member may transfer any New Amneal Shares, unless with the prior written consent of the Conflicts Committee, subject to the following exceptions:
 
 	•	 	a transfer of New Amneal Shares pursuant to a tender or exchange offer that has been approved or recommended by the New Amneal Board;	
 
 	•	 	a transfer of New Amneal Shares pursuant to any (a) merger, share exchange, consolidation, recapitalization or similar transaction resulting, directly or indirectly, in more than 50% of the total number of shares of outstanding New Amneal Shares being beneficially owned after such transaction by any person or persons other than the Amneal Group or (b) a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of New Amneal (a “ Company Sale ”);	
 
 	•	 	a transfer of New Amneal Shares to an affiliate;	
 
 	•	 	a transfer of New Amneal Shares in connection with any pledge of any Amneal Group Member’s New Amneal Shares made pursuant to a bona fide loan or financing transaction with a third party;	
 
 	•	 	with respect to any Amneal Group Member that is an individual, a transfer of New Amneal Shares (x) to such Amneal Group Member’s ancestors, descendants, siblings, cousins or spouse, (y) to trusts for the benefit of such Amneal Group Member or such persons or (z) by way of bequest or inheritance upon death (provided that such transferee agrees in a writing to be bound by the terms of the Stockholders Agreement as an Amneal Group Member);	
 
 	•	 	with respect to any Amneal Group Member that is an entity, a transfer of New Amneal Shares to such Amneal Group Member’s members, partners or other equity holders (provided that such transferee agrees in a writing to be bound by the terms of the Stockholders Agreement as an Amneal Group Member); and	
 
 	•	 	solely until the Closing Date, one or more transfers by any Amneal Group Member of up to a total of 60,000,000 Class A common stock or Class B-1 common stock, in the aggregate (which 60,000,000 shares include the 46,849,316 Class A common stock or Class B-1 common stock to be transferred to the PIPE Investors).	
Following the expiration of the Lock-up Period, Amneal Group Members may transfer of New Amneal Shares:
 
 	•	 	in a registered offering pursuant to the procedures described in Article V of the Stockholders Agreement (including, for the avoidance of doubt, the resale of New Amneal Shares by Amneal Group registered pursuant to a shelf registration statement, once declared effective under the Securities Act);	
 
 	•	 	in open market sales pursuant to, if available, Rule 144 under the Securities Act; provided, however, that Amneal Group may not, in the aggregate, transfer more than 15% of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock pursuant to the terms of the Stockholders Agreement in any 12-month period without the approval of the Conflicts Committee;	
 
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 	•	 	in one or more privately negotiated sales exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act (a “ PIPE Transaction ”); provided, however, that the Amneal Group may not, in the aggregate, transfer more than 15% of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock pursuant to the Stockholders Agreement in any 12-month period without the approval of the Conflicts Committee;	
 
 	•	 	with the prior written consent of the Conflicts Committee; or	
 
 	•	 	as otherwise permitted during the Lock-up Period.	
However, without the approval of the Conflicts Committee, Amneal Group Members will be prohibited from making transfers of New Amneal Shares (i) if after such transfer, such transferee or group of transferees that would own more than 15% of the voting power of the outstanding New Amneal Shares or (ii) to any New Amneal Shares to any person or group who, prior to such transfer, beneficially owned 15% or more of the outstanding New Amneal Shares. This 15% ownership restriction will not apply to widely distributed public offerings of Shares and is subject to other customary exceptions.
Transfers to Affiliates. At any time, an Amneal Group Member may transfer New Amneal Shares to an affiliate of such Amneal Group Member.
Standstill Provisions. Until the earlier of (i) the third anniversary of the Closing Date and (ii) such time when the Amneal Group Members beneficially own less than 20% of the outstanding New Amneal Shares, the Amneal Group will not, without the prior written consent of the Conflicts Committee, directly or indirectly, alone or in concert, be permitted to:
 
 	•	 	acquire beneficial ownership of New Amneal Shares; provided, that when such acquisition is effected after the Amneal Group Representative loses the right to designate one or more directors due to the issuance of securities by New Amneal or the transfer of securities by an Amneal Group Member, then Amneal Group will be permitted to acquire up to the number of shares needed to regain the right to designate such number of the Amneal Directors that the Amneal Group Representative was entitled to designate immediately prior to such issuance or transfer, plus 1% of the outstanding New Amneal Shares;	
 
 	•	 	publicly seek a change in the composition or size of the New Amneal Board, except in furtherance of the provisions of the Stockholders Agreement;	
 
 	•	 	deposit any New Amneal Shares into a voting trust or subject any such stock to any proxy or agreement that conflicts with Amneal’s obligations under the Stockholders Agreement;	
 
 	•	 	publicly initiate, publicly propose or publicly announce any intention to participate in any “solicitation” of “proxies” to vote (as such terms are defined in Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act) with respect to the election of the Non-Amneal Directors or the removal of any Non-Amneal Directors or publicly become a “participant” in a “solicitation” (as such terms are defined in Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act) with respect to the election of the Non-Amneal Directors or the removal of any Non-Amneal Director; or	
 
 	•	 	call for any general or special stockholders meeting or publicly solicit proxies in connection with the election and removal of Non-Amneal Directors.	
Amneal Buyout Transactions. Any proposal by an Amneal Group Member to acquire all outstanding New Amneal Shares held by all other stockholders (other than other Amneal Group Members) must be approved by the Conflicts Committee and, as long as the Amneal Group Members beneficially own more than 37.5% of the outstanding New Amneal Shares, be subject to a non-waivable condition that a majority of the voting power of the outstanding New Amneal Shares held by such other stockholders approve the transaction.
Approvals of Certain Taxable Transactions. For so long as the Amneal Group beneficially owns either (a) shares of Class B common stock representing at least 10% of the outstanding New Amneal Shares or (b) at
 
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least 45,000,000 New Amneal Shares (as adjusted for any capital structure change), New Amneal must obtain the approval of the Amneal Group Representative before consummating any transaction involving New Amneal or any of its subsidiaries that would reasonably be expected to result in the recognition of $40,000,000 or more of taxable income or gain by Amneal Group.
PIPE Investment
As described under “The Combination and the PIPE Investment,” in connection with the Combination and the PIPE Investment, members of the Amneal Group entered into the PIPE Purchase Agreement with select institutional investors, including the PIPE Investors. Pursuant to the PIPE Purchase Agreement, upon the Closing of the Combination, members of the Amneal Group exercised their right to cause Amneal to redeem the Redeemed Units held by such members pursuant to the LLC Agreement. In connection with such redemption, such members of the Amneal Group received shares of Class A common stock or shares of Class B-1 common stock in exchange for such Redeemed Units, in each case pursuant to the LLC Agreement (such redemption and issuance of Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock to the members of the Amneal Group, the “ Redemption ”). Following the Redemption, the members of the Amneal Group sold such shares of Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock to the PIPE Investors at a per share purchase price of $18.25 for gross proceeds of approximately $855,000,000. Following the PIPE Investment, the PIPE Investors own collectively approximately 15% of the New Amneal Shares on a fully diluted and as converted basis, with TPG owning all outstanding shares of Class B-1 common stock.
In connection with the Combination and in furtherance of the PIPE Investment, TPG, the Amneal Group Representative and Holdco entered into the PIPE Side Letter providing for certain rights and obligations of each in connection with the PIPE Investment. Pursuant to the PIPE Side Letter, TPG has customary registration rights with respect to the New Amneal Shares owned by it. The PIPE Side Letter also provides TPG the right to designate a board observer with respect to the New Amneal Board, as well as the right, subject to certain ownership thresholds discussed herein, to designate a director for appointment to the New Amneal Board.
Registration Rights Agreement
We entered into a Registration Rights Agreement with the PIPE Investors in connection with the closing of the Combination. The Registration Rights Agreement provides the PIPE Investors certain registration rights whereby the Amneal Group Representative and Impax will be required to jointly prepare and file with the SEC a shelf registration statement on Form S-1 with respect to resales of all shares of Class A common stock beneficially owned by the Amneal Group (“Registrable Shares”). We will use our reasonable best efforts to become eligible to use Form S-3 and, upon becoming eligible, we will promptly file a shelf registration statement on Form S-3. The Registration Rights Agreement also provides for piggyback registration rights for the Original SSE Equity Owners. See “Shares Eligible for Future Sale—Registration Rights” for more information.
Tax Receivable Agreement
Pursuant to the LLC Agreement, each Existing Amneal Member has the right to redeem all or a portion of its Amneal Common Units for Class A common stock or Class B-1 common stock. In connection with such redemption, New Amneal will receive a “step-up” in its share of the tax basis in the Amneal assets and possibly certain other tax benefits, and New Amneal will pay the Members (as defined below) for the value of such benefits.
The following summary of the terms of the Tax Receivable Agreement is not a complete description thereof and is qualified in its entirety by the full text thereof.
At Closing, New Amneal, Amneal and the Existing Amneal Members will enter into the Tax Receivable Agreement. The Tax Receivable Agreement will govern the administration and allocation between the parties of
 
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tax liabilities and benefits arising prior to, as a result of, and subsequent to the Combination, and the respective rights, responsibilities and obligations of the Members and New Amneal with respect to various other tax matters. The term “Members” includes the then existing members of Amneal at Closing (other than New Amneal) and any persons who have executed and delivered a joinder in accordance with the Tax Receivable Agreement.
Determination of Realized Tax Benefit
Under the Tax Receivable Agreement, New Amneal will ensure that Amneal and its subsidiaries that are treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes will have in effect an election under Section 754 of the Code.
Basis Schedules
Within 90 days after the filing of the U.S. federal income tax return of New Amneal for each relevant taxable year, New Amneal will at its own expense deliver to the Members a schedule that shows (a) the basis adjustments with respect to the reference assets as a result of the relevant exchanges effected in such taxable year, calculated (i) in the aggregate and (ii) solely with respect to exchanges by the applicable Member; (b) the period (or periods) over which the reference assets are amortizable and/or depreciable; and (c) the period (or periods) over which each basis adjustment is amortizable and/or depreciable.
Tax Benefit Schedules
Within 90 days after the filing of the U.S. federal income tax return of New Amneal for any taxable year in which there is a realized tax benefit or realized tax detriment, New Amneal shall, at its own expense, deliver to the Members a schedule showing the calculation of the realized tax benefit or realized tax detriment for such taxable year.
Tax Benefit Payments
Each Member is entitled to receive an amount equal to the sum of (1) 85% of the cumulative net realized tax benefit attributable to such Member as of the end of such taxable year over the aggregate amount of all tax benefit payments previously made to such Member, and (2) the interest calculated at the agreed rate from the due date for filing the U.S. federal income tax return of New Amneal for such taxable year until the date on which New Amneal makes a timely tax benefit payment to the Member.
Approvals by the Amneal Group Representative
New Amneal and its subsidiaries must obtain prior written consent from the Amneal Group Representative before (i) making a disposition of any assets held by Amneal or its subsidiaries prior to the Closing if the cumulative “amount realized” (as such term is defined for U.S. federal income tax purposes) for all such dispositions in any 12-month period would be in excess of $40,000,000 unless New Amneal agrees to use its best efforts to ensure that each Member receives tax distributions equal to its assumed tax liability, (ii) making certain acquisitions that would reasonably be expected to materially adversely affect any member’s rights or obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement, or (iii) entering into certain additional agreements with other persons that are similar to the Tax Receivable Agreement.
Termination
New Amneal may terminate the Tax Receivable Agreement with the written approval of a majority of the independent directors of the New Amneal Board by making a payment to the Members, equal to the present value of the tax benefit payments to be paid to each such Member, discounted at the lesser of ICE LIBOR plus
 
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100 basis points or 6.50% per annum, compounded annually (an “ Early Termination Payment ”). The Tax Receivable Agreement will also be deemed to be terminated by New Amneal and an Early Termination Payment by New Amneal will be required in the event of either (a) a Change of Control (as defined below) or (b) a material breach by New Amneal of any of its material obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement.
A “ Change of Control ” includes (a) any person other than the Amneal Group beneficially owning more than 50% of the combined voting power of New Amneal; (b) the liquidation or dissolution of New Amneal, or the sale of all or substantially all of the assets of New Amneal, unless the sale is to an entity of which at least 50% of the combined voting power is owned by New Amneal Stockholders who owned New Amneal immediately prior to such sale in substantially the same proportions; (c) a business combination of New Amneal or any of its subsidiaries with any other entity, after which the New Amneal Board immediately prior to such combination does not constitute at least a majority of the board of directors of the surviving company or its parent, or all of the beneficial owners of the voting securities of New Amneal prior to such combination do not beneficially own more than 50% of the combined voting power of the surviving entity; and (d) the following individuals ceasing to constitute a majority of the New Amneal Board: (i) the directors of New Amneal as of the Closing (“Initial Directors”) and (ii) any new director whose appointment or nomination was approved by at least two-thirds of the directors who were (x) Initial Directors or (y) whose appointment or nomination was approved by at least two-thirds of the Initial Directors.
LLC Agreement
In connection with the Combination, Amneal, New Amneal and the Existing Amneal Members entered into and are governed by the LLC Agreement, which sets forth, among other things, certain transfer restrictions on Amneal Common Units, and rights to redeem Amneal Common Units in certain circumstances. The following summary of the terms of the LLC Agreement is not a complete description thereof and is qualified in its entirety by the full text thereof.
Appointment of New Amneal as Manager
Under the LLC Agreement, New Amneal is admitted as the sole managing member of Amneal. As the managing member, New Amneal will conduct, direct and exercise full control over all activities of Amneal, including day-to-day business affairs and decision-making of Amneal, without the approval of any other member. As such, New Amneal, through Amneal’s officers, will be responsible for all operational and administrative decisions of Amneal and the day-to-day management of Amneal’s business.
Pursuant to the terms of the LLC Agreement, New Amneal will not be permitted, under any circumstances, to be removed as managing member by the members of Amneal. New Amneal will not resign or cease to be the managing member unless proper provision is made for the obligations of New Amneal to remain in full force and effect.
The managing member may cause Amneal to contract with the managing member or any affiliate of the managing member as long as the contracts are on terms comparable to those available to others dealing at arm’s length or are approved by the members (other than the managing member and its controlled affiliates) holding a majority of the Amneal Common Units.
Officers
The managing member will appoint the officers of Amneal to implement the day-to-day business and operations of Amneal. In the event of a vacancy, the managing member has the right to appoint a new officer to fill the vacancy. At the Closing, the managing member will appoint the CEO of New Amneal to serve as the CEO of Amneal until his death or until he resigns or is removed by the managing member. The managing member may remove any officer with or without cause.
 
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Compensation
New Amneal will not be entitled to compensation for its services as managing member. It will be entitled to reimbursement by Amneal for reasonable fees and expenses incurred on behalf of Amneal, except for payment obligations of New Amneal under the Tax Receivable Agreement.
Units
The LLC Agreement will provide that at the Closing there will be one class of Amneal Common Units. In accordance with the BCA, all Amneal Common Units held by the Existing Amneal Members prior to the execution of the LLC Agreement are converted into Amneal Common Units. The managing member may establish additional securities of Amneal in its discretion in accordance with the terms, and subject to the restrictions of, the LLC Agreement. The managing member may create one or more classes or series of Amneal Common Units or preferred units solely to the extent they are in the aggregate substantially equivalent to a class of common stock of Amneal or class or series of preferred stock of Amneal.
Allocations and Distributions
Allocations.
Pursuant to the LLC Agreement, items of income, gain, loss or deduction of Amneal generally will be allocated among the members for capital accounts on a pro rata basis in accordance with each member’s percentage interest, except that partner nonrecourse deductions attributable to partner nonrecourse debt will be allocated in the manner required by the Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(i). Nonrecourse deductions for any taxable year will be allocated pro rata among the members in accordance with their percentage interests.
Distributions.
Amneal may make distributions out of distributable cash and other funds or property to its members from time to time at the discretion of the managing member of Amneal. Such distributions generally will be made to the members on a pro rata basis in proportion to the number of Amneal Common Units held by each member on the record date for the distribution. Amneal will not be required to make distributions to the extent that such distributions would render Amneal insolvent or if such distribution would violate any applicable law or the terms of the any credit agreement in existence at Closing.
Tax Distributions.
In connection with any tax period, Amneal will be required to make distributions to its members, on a pro rata basis in proportion to the number of Amneal Common Units held by each member, of cash until each member (other than New Amneal) has received an amount at least equal to its assumed tax liability and New Amneal has received an amount sufficient to enable it to timely satisfy all of its U.S. federal, state and local and non-U.S. tax liabilities, and meet its obligations pursuant to the Tax Receivable Agreement. To the extent that any member does not receive its percent interest of the aggregate tax distribution, the tax distribution for such member will be increased to ensure that all distributions are made pro rata in accordance with such member’s percentage interest.
Repurchase or Redemption of Amneal Common Units
Upon written notice to Amneal and New Amneal, each member is entitled to cause Amneal to effect a redemption (a “Redemption”) of all or any portion of its Amneal Common Units in exchange for the number of shares of Class A common stock or Class B-1 common stock equal to the number of redeemed Amneal Common Units (the “Share Settlement”) or, at Amneal’s election, cash in an amount equal to the product of the Share Settlement and the average of the volume-weighted closing price for a share of Class A common stock on the
 
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NYSE for the five consecutive full trading days ending on and including the last full trading day immediately prior to the redemption notice date, subject to appropriate and equitable adjustment for any stock splits, reverse splits, stock dividends or similar events affecting the Class A common stock (the “Cash Settlement”). New Amneal may, in its sole and absolute discretion, elect to effect the exchange of the redeemed Amneal Common Units for the Share Settlement or Cash Settlement, at New Amneal’s option, through a direct exchange of such redeemed Amneal Common Units and such consideration between the redeemed member and New Amneal. See “Exchanges of Amneal Common Units for Class A Common Stock.”
Transfer Restrictions
No interest in Amneal may be transferred except as permitted under the LLC Agreement. The LLC Agreement permits transfers:
 
 	(iv)	by a member to an affiliate of such member;	
 
 	(v)	by the Existing Amneal Members or any direct or indirect transferee of such members:	
 
 	(A)	with the prior written consent of the conflicts committee,	
 
 	(B)	in response to a tender or exchange offer that has been approved or recommended by the New Amneal Board;	
 
 	(C)	in connection with any Company Sale;	
 
 	(D)	that is an individual, (1) to such Existing Amneal Member’s (or such transferee’s) spouse, (2) to such Existing Amneal Member’s (or such transferee’s) lineal ancestors, lineal descendants, siblings, cousins or the spouses thereof, (3) to trusts for the benefit of such Existing Amneal Member (or such transferee) or such persons, (4) to foundations established by such Existing Amneal Member (or such transferee) or such persons or affiliates thereof or (5) by way of bequest or inheritance upon death;	
 
 	(E)	that is an entity, to such Existing Amneal Member’s (or such transferee’s) members, partners or other equity holders; or	
 
 	(F)	of up to a total of 60,000,000 Amneal Common Units; or	
 
 	(vi)	pursuant to a Redemption or direct exchange as described above.	
Dissolution
The LLC Agreement provides that the unanimous consent of at least 75% of all members holding Amneal Common Units will be required to voluntarily dissolve Amneal. In addition to a voluntary dissolution, Amneal may be dissolved upon the entry of a decree of judicial dissolution or upon other circumstances in accordance with Delaware law. Upon a dissolution event, the proceeds of liquidation will be distributed in the following order: (i) to pay the expenses of winding up Amneal; (ii) to pay debts and liabilities owed to creditors of Amneal; and (iii) to the members pro rata in accordance with their respective percentage ownership interests in Amneal.
Corporate Opportunities and Waiver of Fiduciary Duty
The LLC Agreement provides that, notwithstanding any duty, including fiduciary duty, otherwise applicable at law or in equity, the doctrine of corporate opportunity, or any analogous doctrine, will not apply to any member or related person of such member, and no member or related person of such member that acquires knowledge of a potential transaction, agreement, arrangement or other matter that may be an opportunity for Amneal or the members will have any duty to communicate or offer such opportunity to Amneal or the members, or to develop any particular investment, and such person will not be liable to Amneal or the members for breach of any fiduciary or other duty (other than fiduciary duties owed to New Amneal) by reason of the fact that such person pursues or acquires for, or directs such opportunity to, another person or does not communicate such investment opportunity to the members.
 
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Indemnification and D&O Insurance
Amneal will indemnify any member or affiliate, the managing member or any of its affiliates, any officer, or individual serving at the request of Amneal as an officer, director, principal, member, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust or other enterprise. Such persons will be entitled to payment in advance of expenses, including attorneys’ fees, that they incur in defending a proceeding, but they will be required to repay any such advance if it is ultimately determined that they were not entitled to indemnification by Amneal. Indemnification will not be available for any expenses, liabilities, damages and losses suffered that are attributable to any such person’s or its affiliates’ gross negligence, willful misconduct or knowing violation of the law or for any present or future breaches of any representations, warranties or covenants contained in the LLC Agreement or in other agreements with Amneal.
Tax Classification
The members intend that Amneal be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal and, if applicable, state or local income tax purposes. Each member and Amneal will file all tax returns and will take all tax and financial reporting positions in a manner consistent with such tax treatment.
Amendments
The LLC Agreement may only be amended in writing by the manager with the written consent of the holders of at least 75% of the Amneal Common Units then outstanding.
 
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 EXCHANGES OF AMNEAL COMMON UNITS FOR CLASS A COMMON STOCK
The Amneal Group, from time to time, may require Amneal to redeem or exchange all or a portion of their Amneal Common Units for newly-issued shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. New Amneal’s Board of Directors, which includes directors who hold Amneal Common Units or are affiliated with holders of Amneal Common Units and may include such directors in the future, may, at its option, instead make a cash payment in accordance with the terms of the LLC Agreement. Shares of our Class B common stock will be surrendered and cancelled on a one-for-one basis if we redeem or exchange Amneal Common Units of the Amneal Group pursuant to the terms of the LLC Agreement.
In order for the Amneal Group to offer or sell pursuant to this prospectus, we will implement the exchange procedures set forth in the LLC Agreement pursuant to which such holder will exchange, on a one-for-one basis, its Amneal Common Units for newly-issued shares of Class A common stock that will be sold (and their shares of Class B common stock will be surrendered and cancelled on a one-for-one basis upon such issuance). When the Amneal Group exchanges Amneal Common Units for shares of Class A common stock, because New Amneal acquires additional Amneal Common Units, the number of Amneal Common Units owned by New Amneal will correspondingly increase. See “Certain Related Parties and Related Party Transactions—Agreements Entered into in Connection with the Combination—LLC Agreement.”
The Class A common stock being registered pursuant to this prospectus includes up to an aggregate of (i) 42,739,727 restricted shares of Class A common stock previously issued to certain of our stockholders, (ii) 4,109,589 shares of Class A common stock that will result from the automatic conversion upon transfer of restricted shares of Class B-1 common stock that have previously been issued to certain of our stockholders and (iii) the remaining 179,889,019 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exchange by the Amneal Group of an equivalent number of currently outstanding Amneal Common Units. Each of the currently outstanding Amneal Common Units described in (iii) is paired with one share of our Class B common stock that will be surrendered and cancelled in connection with the exchange of such Amneal Common Unit, To the extent that the holders of currently outstanding Amneal Common Units exchange such Amneal Common Units for shares of Class A common stock, our economic ownership in Amneal will be correspondingly increased.
On or about the date of this prospectus, Amneal Holdings, LLC intends to (i) cause Amneal to redeem (in accordance with the terms of the LLC Agreement) approximately [●] of the Amneal Common Units issued to the Existing Amneal Members (and subsequently assigned and transferred to Amneal Holdings, LLC) in connection with the Combination for a like number of shares of Class A common stock covered by this prospectus, and (ii) distribute such shares to certain direct and indirect members of Amneal Holdings, LLC who were or are employees of Amneal and to whom were previously issued (prior to the Closing) profit participation units in Amneal.
 
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 PRINCIPAL AND SELLING STOCKHOLDERS
The following table sets forth information relating to the beneficial ownership of our Class A common stock as of March 7, 2018, after giving effect to the Combination and the PIPE Investment by:
 
 	•	 	each person, or group of affiliated persons, known by us to beneficially own more than 5% of our outstanding shares of common stock;	
 
 	•	 	each of our directors;	
 
 	•	 	each of our named executive officers;	
 
 	•	 	all directors and executive officers as a group; and	
 
 	•	 	other selling stockholders.	
The percentage of shares beneficially owned is computed based on the estimated maximum number of shares of our Class A common stock which will be outstanding upon completion of the transactions described in this prospectus, including the Combination, the PIPE Investment and the redemption of Amneal Common Units pursuant to the LLC Agreement, and is based upon the aggregate number of shares of Impax common stock outstanding as of November 16, 2017 or issuable pursuant to the exercise of outstanding Impax options that are outstanding as of November 16, 2017. Shares of our Class A common stock that a person has the right to acquire within 60 days of March 7, 2018 are deemed outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of the person holding such rights, but are not deemed outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of any other person, except with respect to the percentage ownership of all directors and executive officers as a group. Unless otherwise indicated below, the address for each beneficial owner listed is c/o Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, 400 Crossing Boulevard, Third Floor, Bridgewater, NJ 08807.
The selling stockholders named below may offer or sell from time to time pursuant to this prospectus up to an aggregate of 226,738,335 shares of Class A common stock. The table below describes, as of March 7, 2018, each selling stockholder’s beneficial ownership of shares of our Class A common stock, shares of our Class B-1 common stock and shares of our Class B common stock (a) according to the information available to us as of the date of this prospectus and (b) assuming each selling stockholder has sold all shares of Class A common stock registered pursuant to this prospectus.
Because the selling stockholders may sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of all, some or none of the shares of our Class A common stock covered by this prospectus, we cannot determine the number of such shares that will be sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of by the selling stockholders, or the amount or percentage of shares of our Class A common stock that will be held by the selling stockholders upon termination of any particular offering or sale. See “Plan of Distribution.” For the purposes of the table below, we assume that each selling stockholder will sell all of its shares of our Class A common stock covered by this prospectus. When we refer to the selling stockholders in this prospectus, we mean the entities listed in the table below, as well as their pledgees, donees, assignees, transferees and successors in interest.
The Amneal Group is entitled to have its Amneal Common Units redeemed for Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis, or, at the option of New Amneal, cash equal to the market value of the applicable number of shares of our Class A common stock. In addition, at New Amneal’s election, New Amneal may effect a direct exchange of such shares of Class A common stock or such cash for such Amneal Common Units. In connection with the Closing, we issued to the Amneal Group for nominal consideration one share of Class B common stock for each Amneal Common Unit it owned. As a result, the number of shares of Class B common stock listed in the table below equals the number of Amneal Common Units the Amneal Group owns.
On or about the date of this prospectus, Amneal Holdings, LLC intends to (i) cause Amneal to redeem (in accordance with the terms of the LLC Agreement) approximately [●] of the Amneal Common Units issued to the
 
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Existing Amneal Members (and subsequently assigned and transferred to Amneal Holdings, LLC) in connection with the Combination for a like number of shares of Class A common stock covered by this prospectus, and (ii) distribute such shares to certain direct and indirect members of Amneal Holdings, LLC who were or are employees of Amneal and to whom were previously issued (prior to the Closing) profit participation units in Amneal.
The number of shares beneficially owned by each stockholder is determined under rules issued by the SEC and includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Under these rules, beneficial ownership includes any shares as to which the individual or entity has sole or shared voting power or investment power. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by an individual or entity and the percentage ownership of that person, shares of common stock subject to options, or other rights, including the redemption right described above, held by such person that are currently exercisable or will become exercisable within 60 days of March 7, 2018, are considered outstanding, although these shares are not considered outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Each of the stockholders listed has sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares beneficially owned by the stockholder unless noted otherwise, subject to community property laws where applicable.
Any selling stockholder may be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Securities Act ”). Based upon the applicable facts and circumstances, including when and how each selling stockholder’s respective shares of Class A common stock were acquired, none of the selling stockholders believes that it should be considered an “underwriter” within the meaning of such term under the Securities Act.
For information regarding material relationships and transactions between us and the selling stockholders, see the “ Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence ” section in this prospectus.
 
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Information concerning the selling stockholders may change from time to time. Any changes to the information provided below will be set forth in a prospectus supplement if and when necessary.
																																																																	
 	 	Amneal Common
Units (and an
equivalent amount
of shares of
Class B common
stock) owned
prior to the
offering	 	 	Amneal Common
Units (and an
equivalent amount
of shares of Class B
common stock to
be surrendered
and cancelled) to be
redeemed in the
offering(+) (1)	 	 	Amneal
Common Units
(and an
equivalent
amount of shares
of Class B
common stock)
owned after the
offering(+) (2)	 	 	Shares of
Class A
common
stock owned
prior to the
offering	 	 	Shares of Class 
B-1 common
stock owned
prior to the
offering	 	 	Shares of
Class A
Common
Stock that
may be sold
by selling
stockholders
in this
offering(‡)	 	 	Shares of
Class A
common
stock
owned after
this
offering (2)	 	 	Shares of
Class B-1
common
stock owned
after this
offering (2)	 	
Name and address of
beneficial owner (3)	 	(#)	 	 	(%)	 	 	(#)	 	 	(% of
Class A
common
stock out-
standing) (4)	 	 	(#)	 	 	(% of
Class A
common
stock out-
standing)	 	 	(#)	 	 	(%) (4)	 	 	(#)	 	 	(%)	 	 	(#)	 	 	(%) (5)	 	 	(#)	 	 	(%)	 	 	(#)	 	 	(%)	 	
5% or greater stockholders:	 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				
Amneal Holdings, LLC (6)(7)
c/o Amneal Pharmaceutical LLC
400 Crossing Boulevard,
Third Floor
Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807	 	 	179,889,019	 	 	 	100	% 	 	 	179,889,019	 	 	 	100	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	179,889,019	 	 	 	59.50	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Funds affiliated with Fosun International Limited
Room 808, ICBC Tower
3 Garden Road, Central, Hong Kong	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	20,293,351	(8)  	 	 	18.43	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	16,438,356	 	 	 	5.44	% 	 	 	3,854,995	 	 	 	1.28	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
TPG Improv Holdings, L.P.
c/o TPG Partners VII, L.P.
301 Commerce Street
Suite 3300
Fort Worth, Texas 76102
Attn: Adam Fliss	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	4,109,589	 	 	 	3.73	% 	 	 	12,328,767	 	 	 	100.00	% 	 	 	16,438,356	 	 	 	5.44	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Named Executive Officers, Directors and Director Nominees	 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				
Paul M. Bisaro	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	212,500	(9)  	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	212,500	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Robert L. Burr	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	165,474	(10)  	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	165,474	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Chintu Patel (6)(7)	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Chirag Patel (6)(7)	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Robert A. Stewart	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Bryan M. Reasons	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	269,164	(11)  	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	278,373	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Andrew Boyer	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
All directors, director nominees and executive officers as a group (seven persons))	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	656,347	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	656,347	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Other Selling Stockholders	 				 				 	 	—  	 	 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				
Entities affiliated with Wellington Management Company LP	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	5,845,700	(8)  	 	 	5.31	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	5,733,390	 	 	 	4.84	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Fidelity Select Portfolios: Pharmaceuticals Portfolio
Mag & Co. c/o Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
Attn: Corporate Actions /Vault
140 Broadway New York, NY 10005	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	460,443	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	243,243	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	217,200	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Fidelity Select Portfolios: Health Care Portfolio Mag & Co. c/o Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
Attn: Corporate Actions /Vault 140 Broadway
New York, NY 10005	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	1,821,622	 	 	 	1.65	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	1,621,622	 	 	 	1.37	% 	 	 	200,000	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Fidelity Advisor Series VII: Fidelity Advisor Health Care Fund M.Gardiner & Co c/o JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A
P.O. Box 35308 Newark, NJ 07101-8006	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	766,676	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	675,676	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	91,000	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Fidelity Central Investment Portfolios LLC: Fidelity Health Care Central Fund M.Gardiner & Coc/o
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A P.O. Box 35308
Newark, NJ 07101-8006	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	625,141	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	540,541	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	84,600	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
 
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 	 	Amneal Common
Units (and an
equivalent amount
of shares of
Class B common
stock) owned
prior to the
offering	 	 	Amneal Common
Units (and an
equivalent amount
of shares of Class B
common stock to
be surrendered
and cancelled) to be
redeemed in the
offering(+) (1)	 	 	Amneal
Common Units
(and an
equivalent
amount of shares
of Class B
common stock)
owned after the
offering(+) (2)	 	 	Shares of
Class A
common
stock owned
prior to the
offering	 	 	Shares of Class 
B-1 common
stock owned
prior to the
offering	 	 	Shares of
Class A
Common
Stock that
may be sold
by selling
stockholders
in this
offering(‡)	 	 	Shares of
Class A
common
stock
owned after
this
offering (2)	 	 	Shares of
Class B-1
common
stock owned
after this
offering (2)	 	
Name and address of
beneficial owner (3)	 	(#)	 	 	(%)	 	 	(#)	 	 	(% of
Class A
common
stock out-
standing) (4)	 	 	(#)	 	 	(% of
Class A
common
stock out-
standing)	 	 	(#)	 	 	(%) (4)	 	 	(#)	 	 	(%)	 	 	(#)	 	 	(%) (5)	 	 	(#)	 	 	(%)	 	 	(#)	 	 	(%)	 	
Variable Insurance Products Fund IV: Health Care Portfolio M.Gardiner & Coc/o JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A
P.O. Box 35308 Newark, NJ 07101-8006	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	202,778	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	178,378	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	24,400	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Strategic Advisers Core Fund-FIAM Sector Managed Health Care Sub BNY Mellon Attn: Stacey Wolfe 525 William Penn Place Rm 0400 Pittsburgh, PA 15259	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	125,676	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	75,676	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	50,000	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Fidelity Advisor Series I: Fidelity Advisor Stock Selector Mid Cap Fund Mag & Co. c/o Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. Attn: Corporate Actions /Vault 140 Broadway
New York, NY 10005	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	347,297	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	297,297	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	50,000	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
CVI Investments, Inc. c/o Heights Capital Management, Inc.
101 California Street, Suite 3250 San Francisco, California 94111 Attention: Martin Kobinger, Investment Manager	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	2,321,760	 	 	 	1.96	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	2,321,760	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Entities affiliated with Janus Capital Management LLC c/o Janus Capital Management, LLC 151 Detroit Street Denver Colorado 80206 Attention: Legal Department	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	2,247,308	 	 	 	1.90	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	2,245,021	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	2,287	 	 	 	*	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	

*	Represents beneficial ownership of less than 1%	
(+)	The Amneal Group will exchange, on a one-for-one basis, their Amneal Common Units, at the option of New Amneal, for cash or newly-issued shares of Class A common stock, to the extent they offer or sell shares of Class A common pursuant to this prospectus (and an equivalent number of shares of Class B common stock held by such selling stockholders will be surrendered and cancelled in connection with each such Amneal Common Unit exchange). See “Certain Related Parties and Related Party Transactions—Agreements Entered into in Connection with the Combination—LLC Agreement.”	
(‡)	Includes the shares of Class A common stock to be offered or sold by (i) TPG after giving effect to the automatic conversion of their shares of Class B-1 common stock and (ii) the Amneal Group after giving effect to the exchange of their respective Amneal Common Units.	
(1)	Assumes all Amneal Common Units are redeemed (or exchanged) (and all shares of Class B common stock are surrendered and cancelled) for shares of Class A common stock.	
(2)	Assumes the sale by the selling stockholders of all shares of Class A common stock registered pursuant to this prospectus.	
(3)	Unless otherwise noted, the address for each beneficial owner listed on the table is c/o Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, 400 Crossing Boulevard, Third Floor, Bridgewater, NJ 08807.	
(4)	Percentage of ownership calculated against the existing number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding upon completion of the other transactions described in this prospectus, but prior to the redemption of Amneal Common Units pursuant to the LLC Agreement and the automatic conversion of the shares of Class B-1 common stock held by TPG.	
(5)	Percentage of ownership calculated against the total number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding upon completion of the other transactions described in this prospectus, including the Combination and the PIPE Investment, the redemption of Amneal Common Units pursuant to the LLC Agreement and the automatic conversion of the shares of Class B-1 common stock held by TPG.	
(6)	Amneal Holdings, LLC is record holder of the Amneal Common Units. Investment and voting decisions are made by Amneal Holdings, LLC through its board of managers, which is composed of four individuals, including Chintu Patel and Chirag Patel, and which can only act by at least majority approval. None of the members of the board of managers of Amneal Holdings, LLC may act alone to direct the voting or disposition of the Class A Units of Amneal or otherwise has voting or investment power over such securities. Each of Chintu Patel and Chirag Patel disclaims beneficial ownership of the Amneal Common Units held by Amneal Holdings, LLC.	
(7)	Each of Chintu Patel and Chirag Patel is a manager of Amneal Holdings, LLC and therefore may be deemed to share voting and dispositive power with respect to the Amneal Common Units held by Amneal Holdings, LLC. Each of them disclaims beneficial ownership of these securities.	
(8)	Includes shares of Class A common stock converted from Impax Shares upon the completion of the Combination.	
(9)	Represents 212,500 shares of common stock underlying options that may be exercised within 60 days of February 1, 2018.	
(10)	Represents 60,475 shares of common stock held by Mr. Burr directly, 6,057 shares of common stock held by Robert L. Burr’s IRA account, as to which Mr. Burr has sole voting and investment power, and 98,942 shares of common stock underlying options that may be exercised within 60 days of February 1, 2018.	
(11)	Represents 94,684 shares of common stock held by Mr. Reasons directly and 174,480 shares of common stock underlying options that may be exercised within 60 days of February 1, 2018.	
 
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 DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
The following summary of the terms of the capital stock of New Amneal is not meant to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the New Amneal Charter and the New Amneal Bylaws.
Authorized Capital Stock
Under the New Amneal Charter, New Amneal has the authority to issue 1,220,000,000 shares of stock, initially consisting of (i) 1,218,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, of which 900,000,000 are designated as Class A common stock, 300,000,000 are designated as Class B common stock and 18,000,000 are designated as Class B-1 common stock, and (ii) 2,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Preferred Stock”).
New Amneal Shares
New Amneal Shares Outstanding
The shares of Class A common stock, Class B common stock and Class B-1 common stock issued pursuant to the Combination and the PIPE Investment are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of Class A common stock, Class B common stock and Class B-1 common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of Preferred Stock that New Amneal may designate and issue in the future. Following completion of the Combination and the PIPE Investment, based on Impax Shares outstanding as of November 16, 2017 (inclusive of all Impax Shares issuable pursuant to the exercise of Impax options) approximately 110,099,994 shares of Class A common stock and approximately 179,889,019 shares of Class B common stock (all of which Class B common stock will be held by the Amneal Group) and approximately 12,328,767 shares of Class B-1 common stock (all of which Class B-1 common stock will be held by TPG) are issued and outstanding.
On or about the date of this prospectus, Amneal Holdings, LLC intends to (i) cause Amneal to redeem (in accordance with the terms of the LLC Agreement) approximately [●] of the Amneal Common Units issued to the Existing Amneal Members (and subsequently assigned and transferred to Amneal Holdings, LLC) in connection with the Combination for a like number of shares of Class A common stock covered by this prospectus, and (ii) distribute such shares to certain direct and indirect members of Amneal Holdings, LLC who were or are employees of Amneal and to whom were previously issued (prior to the Closing) profit participation units in Amneal.
Voting Rights
Holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote for each share of Class A common stock held.
Holders of Class B common stock are entitled to one vote for each share of Class B common stock held.
Except as required by law and except in connection with the election of the Class B-1 Director, holders of Class B-1 common stock are not entitled to vote on any matter.
Holders of Class B common stock are entitled to one vote for each share of Class B common stock held. Holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock vote together as a single class on each matter submitted to a stockholder vote. Holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are not entitled to vote on any amendment to the New Amneal Charter that relates solely to the terms of one or more outstanding series of Preferred Stock if the holders of such affected series are entitled, either separately or together with the holders of one or more other such series, to vote on such terms pursuant to the New Amneal Charter or the DGCL.
 
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The New Amneal Bylaws provide that the directors of the New Amneal Board will be elected by the affirmative vote of the majority of the votes cast with respect to such director’s election (meaning the number of shares voted “ FOR ” a nominee must exceed the number of shares voted “ AGAINST ” such nominee) at any meeting for the election of directors at which a quorum is present; provided that each director will be elected by a plurality of the votes cast (instead of by votes cast for or against a nominee) at any meeting at which a quorum in present for which the New Amneal Board determines that the number of nominees exceeds the number of directors to be elected at such election and such determination has not been rescinded by the New Amneal Board on or prior to the tenth day preceding the date New Amneal first mails its notice of meeting for such meeting to the stockholders.
The New Amneal Bylaws provide that, in all matters other than the election of directors, the affirmative vote of the majority in voting power of shares of stock will be the act of the stockholders unless a different or minimum vote is required by the New Amneal Charter, the New Amneal Bylaws or the rules and regulations of any stock exchange applicable to New Amneal or its securities, in which case such different or minimum vote will be the applicable vote on the matter.
Class B-1 common stock Board Designation Rights
Until the earlier of (i) such time as TPG ceases to own at least 4% of the outstanding New Amneal Shares and (ii) the date that is twelve months from the Closing, the holders of the Class B-1 common stock have the right to designate a director for appointment to the New Amneal Board (the “ Class  B-1 Director ”).
Amendments
The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of New Amneal entitled to vote is required to amend the New Amneal Charter, including amendments to increase or decrease the number of authorized shares of either common stock or Preferred Stock.
The New Amneal Bylaws provide that, without the approval of the New Amneal Board, the New Amneal Stockholders may only amend, alter or repeal the New Amneal Bylaws by an affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the issued and outstanding shares entitled to vote; provided, however, any amendment to or repeal of the New Amneal Bylaws sections regarding annual meetings, special meetings, voting, notice of stockholder proposals, number of directors, term of directors, qualifications of directors, notice of nominations for directors, removal of directors, vacancies and newly created directorships, dividends, and legal relationship between the New Amneal Bylaws and the New Amneal Charter requires an affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds of the voting power of the issued and outstanding shares entitled to vote at a duly called and convened annual or special meeting of stockholders. Further, the New Amneal Bylaws and the New Amneal Charter also provide that, subject to the Stockholders Agreement, the New Amneal Board may in its discretion make, alter, amend or repeal the New Amneal Bylaws by the affirmative vote of not less than a majority of the New Amneal Board or by unanimous written consent, except as such power may be restricted or limited by the DGCL.
* * *
The Amneal Group, by virtue of its ownership of a majority of the voting power of the common stock but subject to the Stockholders Agreement, is able to approve any matter brought to a vote of New Amneal Stockholders without the affirmative vote of any other stockholders. See the section entitled “ Certain Related Parties and Related Party Transactions—Stockholders Agreement. ”
Dividend Rights
The holders of Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock are entitled to receive dividends, if any, payable in cash, property, or securities of New Amneal, as may be declared by the New Amneal Board, out of
 
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funds legally available for the payment of dividends, subject to any preferential or other rights of the holders of any outstanding shares of Preferred Stock. The holders of Class B common stock will not be entitled to receive any dividends.
Liquidation Rights
On the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of New Amneal, whether voluntary or involuntary, the holders of Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock are entitled to share equally in all assets of New Amneal available for distribution among the stockholders of New Amneal after payment to all creditors of New Amneal and subject to any preferential or other rights of the holders of any outstanding shares of Preferred Stock. The holders of Class B common stock are not entitled to share in such net assets.
Participation Rights
Under the New Amneal Charter, the holders of Class A common stock, Class B common stock and Class B-1 common stock have no participation rights. However, the Stockholders Agreement provides that if New Amneal proposes to issue any securities, other than in certain issuances, the Amneal Group will have the right to purchase its pro rata share of such securities, based on the number of shares of common stock owned by the Amneal Group before such issuance. See the section entitled “ Ancillary Agreements Related to the Combination—Stockholders Agreement. ”
Issuance and Restrictions of Class B Common Stock
Pursuant to the New Amneal Charter, shares of Class B common stock will be issued to the Amneal Group Members or their affiliates only to the extent necessary in certain circumstances to maintain a one-to-one ratio between the number of Amneal Common Units and the number of shares of Class B common stock held by such members. Shares of Class B common stock are transferable only for no consideration to New Amneal for automatic retirement or in accordance with the Stockholders Agreement and the LLC Agreement. See “Certain Related Parties and Related Party Transactions—Agreements Entered into in Connection with the Combination—Stockholders Agreement” and See “Certain Related Parties and Related Party Transactions—Agreements Entered into in Connection with the Combination—LLC Agreement.”
New Amneal Preferred Stock
Preferred Stock Outstanding at Closing
No shares of Preferred Stock are currently issued and outstanding.
Blank Check Preferred Stock
Under the New Amneal Charter, the New Amneal Board has the authority to issue Preferred Stock in one or more series, and to fix for each series the voting powers and the distinctive designations, preferences and relative, participation, optional or other special rights and such qualifications, limitations or restrictions, as may be stated and expressed in the resolution or resolutions adopted by the New Amneal Board providing for the issuance of such series as may be permitted by the DGCL, including dividend rates, conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences and the number of shares constituting each such series, without any further vote or action by the stockholders of New Amneal.
Exclusive Forum
The New Amneal Charter requires, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on New Amneal’s behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed
 
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by any of New Amneal’s directors or officers to New Amneal or New Amneal’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against New Amneal arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, the New Amneal Charter, or the New Amneal Bylaws or (iv) any action asserting a claim against New Amneal governed by the internal affairs doctrine will have to be brought only in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware. Although we believe this provision benefits us by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law in the types of lawsuits to which it applies, the provision may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against the New Amneal directors and officers.
Anti-takeover Effects of Provisions of the New Amneal Charter and Bylaws and Other Governing Documents
Although the Amneal Group owns a majority of New Amneal’s capital stock, the New Amneal Charter and New Amneal Bylaws and other governing documents also contain provisions that may delay, defer or discourage non-Amneal Group parties from acquiring control of New Amneal and the Amneal Group from acquiring 100% of New Amneal. We expect that these provisions, which include those summarized below, will discourage coercive takeover practices or inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are also designed to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of New Amneal to first negotiate with the New Amneal Board, which we believe may result in an improvement of the terms of any such acquisition in favor of New Amneal Stockholders. However, the New Amneal Charter and the New Amneal Bylaws also give the New Amneal Board the power to discourage acquisitions that some stockholders may favor.
Requirements for Advance Notification of Stockholder Meetings, Nominations and Proposals
The New Amneal Bylaws provide that stockholders at an annual meeting may only consider proposals or nominations specified in the notice of meeting or brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the New Amneal Board or by a qualified stockholder of record on the Record Date for the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has delivered timely written notice in proper form to New Amneal’s secretary of the stockholder’s intention to bring such business before the meeting. The New Amneal Bylaws provide that special meetings of the stockholders may be called by (1) a Co-Chairman of the New Amneal Board, (2) the CEO of New Amneal, or (3) by resolution adopted by a majority of the directors of the New Amneal Board. The New Amneal Bylaws prohibit the conduct of any business at a special meeting other than as specified in the notice for such meeting. In addition, any stockholder who wishes to bring business before an annual meeting or nominate directors must comply with the advance notice and duration of ownership requirements set forth in the New Amneal Bylaws and provide New Amneal with certain information.
These provisions may have the effect of deferring, delaying or discouraging hostile takeovers or changes in control of New Amneal or its management. However, the New Amneal Bylaws also provide that, subject to the DGCL and the New Amneal Charter, any action that could be taken by stockholders at a meeting of stockholders may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote if there is written consent signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote were present and voted.
Amneal Directors
See the section entitled “ Ancillary Agreements Related to the Combination—Stockholders Agreement—Corporate Governance. ”These provisions may have the effect of deferring, delaying or discouraging hostile takeovers, or changes in control of New Amneal or New Amneal’s management by making it more difficult for non-Amneal investors to gain the majority control of the New Amneal Board absent prior consent by the Amneal Group Members.
Amneal Consent Rights
For so long as the Amneal Group Members beneficially own more than 25% of the outstanding New Amneal Shares, New Amneal may not take certain actions without obtaining the prior consent of the Amneal
 
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Group Representative, including but not limited to, amending the New Amneal Charter or the New Amneal Bylaws in a manner that adversely impacts any Amneal Group Member and consummating any Company Sale in which any Amneal Group Member receives a different amount or form of consideration for the New Amneal Shares held by such Amneal Group Member as other holders of such New Amneal Shares. See the section entitled “ —Corporate Governance—Amneal Consent Rights. ”
Restrictions on Transfers
The Amneal Group Members will be prohibited from transferring more than 15% of the outstanding Class A common stock in any 12-month period, or any New Amneal Shares to a person or group that would beneficially own more than 15% of the voting power of the outstanding New Amneal Shares after such transfer, unless approval of the Conflicts Committee has been obtained. This 15% ownership restriction will not apply to widely distributed public offerings of common stock and is subject to other customary exceptions. See the section entitled “ —Stockholders Agreement—Restrictions on Transfers and Acquisitions. ”
Restrictions on Acquisitions by the Amneal Group
Any proposal by an Amneal Group Member to acquire all outstanding New Amneal Shares held by non-Amneal stockholders will be subject to the approval of the Conflicts Committee and a majority of the non-Amneal stockholders of New Amneal in accordance with the terms of the Stockholders Agreement. Further, until the earlier of the third anniversary of the Closing Date and such time when the Amneal Group Members beneficially own less than 20% of the outstanding New Amneal Shares, Amneal will be prohibited from acquiring beneficial ownership of New Amneal Shares, seeking a change in the composition or size of the New Amneal Board, or soliciting proxies in connection with the election and removal of Non-Amneal Directors, subject to certain exceptions. See the section entitled “ —Stockholders Agreement—Restrictions on Transfers and Acquisitions. ”
These provisions may have the effect of deferring, delaying or discouraging Amneal from buying out New Amneal by limiting Amneal’s ability in acquiring additional equity interests in New Amneal and seeking disproportionate influence on the New Amneal Board.
Requirements for Advance Approval of Certain Taxable Transactions
For so long as the Amneal Group beneficially owns either (a) shares of Class B common stock representing at least 10% of the outstanding New Amneal Shares or (b) at least 45,000,000 New Amneal Shares, New Amneal must obtain the Amneal Group’s consent before consummating any transaction involving New Amneal or any of its subsidiaries that would reasonably be expected to result in the recognition of $40,000,000 or more in taxable income or gain by the Amneal Group. See the section entitled “ —Stockholders Agreement—Restrictions on Transfers and Acquisitions. ”
New Amneal and its subsidiaries must seek prior written consent from the Amneal Group Representative or agree to use their best efforts to ensure that, during the taxable periods in which any Member is allocated any gain attributable to such transaction, each such Member would receive distributions equal to its assumed tax liability before (i) making a disposition of any assets held by Amneal or its subsidiaries prior to the Closing if the cumulative “amount realized” (as such term is defined for U.S. federal income tax purposes) for all such dispositions in any 12-month period would be in excess of $40,000,000, (ii) acquiring any equity interests or assets of other business entities, or (iii) entering into additional agreements with other persons that are similar to the Tax Receivable Agreement. See the section entitled “ Certain Related Parties and Related Party Transactions—Tax Receivable Agreement. ”
These provisions may have the effect of deferring, delaying or discouraging hostile takeovers, or changes in control of New Amneal or New Amneal’s management by limiting the ability of New Amneal to issue securities, make acquisitions, and dispose assets.
 
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Acceleration of Tax Benefit Payment
In the event of a Change of Control, New Amneal will be required to make an Early Termination Payment to the Members, equal to the present value of the tax benefit payments to be paid to each such Member, discounted at the lesser of ICE LIBOR plus 100 basis points or 6.50% per annum, compounded annually. See the section entitled “ Certain Related Parties and Related Party Transactions—Tax Receivable Agreement. ” These provisions may have the effect of deferring, delaying or discouraging hostile takeovers, or changes in control of New Amneal or New Amneal’s management by subjecting New Amneal or its successor to significant upfront payment obligations and imposing additional pressure on the cash flow of New Amneal or its successor.
Authorized but Unissued Shares
The authorized but unissued shares of common stock and Preferred Stock are available for future issuance without stockholder approval, subject to any limitations imposed by the listing standards of the NYSE. These additional shares may be used for a variety of corporate finance transactions, acquisitions and employee benefit plans. The existence of authorized but unissued and unreserved common stock and Preferred Stock could make more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of New Amneal by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger or otherwise.
Delaware Anti-takeover Statute
New Amneal is subject to Section 203 of the DGCL. Section 203 of the DGCL provides that if a person acquires 15% or more of the voting stock of a Delaware corporation, such person becomes an “interested stockholder” and may not engage in certain “business combinations” with the corporation for a period of three years from the time such person acquired 15% or more of the corporation’s voting stock, unless: (1) the board of directors approves the acquisition of stock or the merger transaction before the time that the person becomes an interested stockholder, (2) the interested stockholder owns at least 85% of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation at the time the merger transaction commences (excluding voting stock owned by directors who are also officers and certain employee stock plans), or (3) the merger transaction is approved by the board of directors and by the affirmative vote at a meeting, not by written consent, of stockholders of two-thirds of the holders of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder. However, the New Amneal Board (including its members designated by the Amneal Group) may approve in advance certain acquisitions for purposes of Section 203 of the DGCL.
Corporate Opportunities and Transactions with Controlling Stockholder
In recognition and anticipation of the fact that (a) that New Amneal is not a wholly owned subsidiary of the Amneal Group and that the Amneal Group is a significant stockholder of New Amneal, (b) that directors, officers and/or employees of the Amneal Group may serve as directors and/or officers of New Amneal, (c) that, subject to any contractual arrangements that may otherwise from time to time be agreed to between the Amneal Group and New Amneal (including the Stockholders Agreement), the Amneal Group engages in or may engage in lines of business similar to or related to, or the same as those in which New Amneal may engage and/or other business activities that overlap with or compete with those in which New Amneal may engage, and (d) that the Amneal Group may have an interest in the same areas of corporate opportunity as New Amneal and its affiliates, the New Amneal Charter provides for the allocation of certain transactions and corporate opportunities between New Amneal and the Amneal Group. Specifically, except as otherwise agreed in writing by New Amneal and the Amneal Group (including in the Stockholders Agreement), the Amneal Group will be permitted to engage in lines of business similar to or the same as those of New Amneal or to do business with any client, customer or vendor of New Amneal.
Except as otherwise agreed in writing by New Amneal and the Amneal Group, in the event that the Amneal Group is presented with or acquires knowledge of a corporate opportunity, such corporate opportunity will
 
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belong to the Amneal Group unless such opportunity was expressly offered to the Amneal Group in its capacity as a stockholder of New Amneal. New Amneal renounces any interest or expectancy of New Amneal or its affiliates in any corporate opportunity presented to Amneal or to any individual who is a director, officer or employee of New Amneal and is also a director, officer or employee of the Amneal Group (“Dual Role Person”) pursuant to Section 122(17) of the DGCL, and waives any claim that such business opportunity constituted a corporate opportunity that should have been presented to New Amneal or its affiliates, and Amneal will not be liable to New Amneal by reason of the fact that the Amneal Group acquires or seeks such corporate opportunity for itself, directs such corporate opportunity to another person, or otherwise does not communicate information regarding such corporate opportunity to New Amneal.
The New Amneal Charter provides that no Dual Role Person who is presented with or acquires knowledge of a corporate opportunity in any capacity (i) will have any duty to communicate or offer to New Amneal or any of its affiliates any corporate opportunity, (ii) will be prohibited from communicating or offering any corporate opportunity to the Amneal Group or any other person or participating in such corporate opportunity and (iii) to the fullest extent permitted by law, will have any liability to New Amneal or its stockholders for breach of any fiduciary duty as a stockholder, director or officer of New Amneal, as the case may be, related to such corporate opportunity.
By becoming a stockholder in New Amneal, you will be deemed to have had notice of and consented to these provisions of the New Amneal Charter.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
Computershare is the transfer agent and registrar for the Class A common stock.
Listing of Class A Common Stock
Our Class A common stock is listed on the NYSE under the trading symbol “ AMRX .”
 
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 SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Future sales of our Class A common stock, including shares issued upon the exercise of outstanding options, in the public market after this offering, or the perception that those sales may occur, could cause the prevailing market price for our Class A common stock to fall or impair our ability to raise equity capital in the future. As described below, only a limited number of shares of our Class A common stock will be available for sale in the public market for a period of several months after completion of this offering due to contractual and legal restrictions on resale described below. Future sales of our Class A common stock in the public market either before (to the extent permitted) or after restrictions lapse, or the perception that those sales may occur, could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our Class A common stock at such time and our ability to raise equity capital at a time and price we deem appropriate.
Sale of Restricted Shares
Upon the closing of this offering, based on the number of shares of our Class A common stock outstanding upon completion of the transactions described in this prospectus, including the Combination, the PIPE Investment and the redemption of Amneal Common Units pursuant to the LLC Agreement, we will have outstanding an aggregate of approximately 302,317,780 shares of Class A common stock. Of these shares, all of the 226,738,335 shares of Class A common stock to be sold in this offering will be freely tradable in the public market without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, unless the shares are held by any of our “affiliates” as such term is defined in Rule 144 of the Securities Act. All remaining shares of common stock held by existing stockholders immediately prior to the completion of this offering will be “restricted securities” as such term is defined in Rule 144. These restricted securities were issued and sold by us, or will be issued and sold by us, in private transactions and are eligible for public sale only if registered under the Securities Act or if they qualify for an exemption from registration under the Securities Act, including the exemptions provided by Rule 144 or Rule 701, which rules are summarized below.
Registration Rights
Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, the Amneal Group Representative and Impax have agreed to jointly prepare and file with the SEC a shelf registration statement on Form S-1, such as the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, with respect to resales of all shares of Class A common stock beneficially owned by the Amneal Group (“Registrable Shares”). We will use our reasonable best efforts to become eligible to use Form S-3 and, upon becoming eligible, we will promptly file a shelf registration statement on Form S-3.
We are entitled to postpone and delay the filing or effectiveness of any registration statement or the offer or sale of any Registrable Shares (i) for reasonable periods of time in advance of the release of our quarterly and annual financial results and (ii) for reasonable periods of time, not in excess of 60 calendar days in any 12-month period and in no event more than two times in any 12-month period if:
 
 	•	 	the Conflicts Committee determines the filing or effectiveness of a registration statement or offering or sale of any Registrable Shares would:	
 
 	•	 	materially impede, materially delay or materially interfere with any pending or proposed material acquisition, disposition or reorganization;	
 
 	•	 	materially adversely affect any registered underwritten public offering of our securities; or	
 
 	•	 	require disclosure of material non-public information, which if disclosed at the time would have a material adverse effect on our business, operations or management; or	
 
 	•	 	the Conflicts Committee determines that it is necessary to amend or supplement the registration statement or prospectus to not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact.	
 
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In the period following the expiration of the Lock-up Period during which a shelf registration statement is effective, if any Amneal Group Member delivers notice to us stating that it intends to effect an underwritten public offering of all or part of its Registrable Shares included on a shelf registration statement (a “ Demand Underwritten Offering ”), we will use reasonable best efforts to amend or supplement the shelf registration statement as necessary to enable such Registrable Shares to be distributed pursuant to an underwritten offering. The Amneal Group is permitted to sell its Registrable Shares pursuant to a Demand Underwritten Offering only if the aggregate amount of Registrable Shares to be offered or sold is reasonably expected to result in aggregate gross proceeds of not less than $75,000,000. The Amneal Group may not request more than two Demand Underwritten Offerings or Company-assisted PIPE Transactions in any 12-month period.
Whenever we propose to publicly sell or register for sale any of its securities in an underwritten offering pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-8 or on Form S-4, we will give notice to the Amneal Group and will include all Registrable Shares that any Amneal Group member requests for inclusion within 15 days of receiving notice from us.
We will not grant any registration rights to third parties that are more favorable than or inconsistent with the grants granted by the Stockholders Agreement or enter into any agreement, take any action or permit any change to occur that violates or subordinates the rights granted by the Stockholders Agreement.
Each Amneal Group Member may assign its registration rights to any direct or indirect transferee of an Amneal Group Member permitted under the Stockholders Agreement who agrees to be bound by the terms of the Stockholders Agreement. In the event that any Amneal Group Member assigns its rights and obligations under Article V to the purchaser of any Registrable Shares in connection with a PIPE Transaction, such purchaser’s rights under Article V will survive for one year following the date of such transfer.
Rule 144
In general, under Rule 144, as currently in effect, a person (or persons whose shares are required to be aggregated) who is not deemed to have been one of our “affiliates” for purposes of Rule 144 at any time during the three months preceding a sale, and who has beneficially owned restricted securities within the meaning of Rule 144 for at least six months, including the holding period of any prior owner other than one of our “affiliates,” is entitled to sell those shares in the public market (subject to the lock-up agreement referred to above, if applicable) without complying with the manner of sale, volume limitations or notice provisions of Rule 144, but subject to compliance with the public information requirements of Rule 144. If such a person has beneficially owned the sales proposed to be sold for at least one year, including the holding period of any prior owner other than “affiliates,” then such person is entitled to sell such shares in the public market without complying with any of the requirements of Rule 144 (subject to the lock- up agreement referred to above, if applicable). In general, under Rule 144, as currently in effect, our “affiliates,” as defined in Rule 144, who have beneficially owned the shares proposed to be sold for at least six months are entitled to sell in the public market, upon expiration of any applicable lock-up agreements and within any three-month period, a number of those shares of our Class A common stock that does not exceed the greater of:
 
 	•	 	1% of the number of common shares then outstanding, which will equal approximately 3.0 million shares of common stock immediately after this offering (calculated on the basis of the number of shares of our Class A common stock outstanding upon completion of the transactions described in this prospectus, including the Combination, the PIPE Investment and the redemption of Amneal Common Units pursuant to the LLC Agreement; or	
 
 	•	 	the average weekly trading volume of our Class A common stock on NYSE during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a notice on Form 144 with respect to such sale.	
Such sales under Rule 144 by our “affiliates” or persons selling shares on behalf of our “affiliates” are also subject to certain manner of sale provisions, notice requirements and to the availability of current public
 
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information about us. Notwithstanding the availability of Rule 144, the holders of substantially all of our restricted securities have entered into lock-up agreements as referenced above and their restricted securities will become eligible for sale (subject to the above limitations under Rule 144) upon the expiration of the restrictions set forth in those agreements.
Rule 701
In general, under Rule 701 as currently in effect, any of our employees, directors, officers, consultants or advisors who acquired common stock from us in connection with a written compensatory stock or option plan or other written agreement in compliance with Rule 701 under the Securities Act before the effective date of the registration statement for our initial public offering (to the extent such common stock is not subject to a lock-up agreement) is entitled to rely on Rule 701 to resell such shares beginning 90 days after we become subject to the public company reporting requirements of the Exchange Act in reliance on Rule 144, but without compliance with the holding period requirements contained in Rule 144. Accordingly, subject to any applicable lock-up agreements, beginning 90 days after we become subject to the public company reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, under Rule 701 persons who are not our “affiliates,” as defined in Rule 144, may resell those shares without complying with the minimum holding period or public information requirements of Rule 144, and persons who are our “affiliates” may resell those shares without compliance with Rule 144’s minimum holding period requirements (subject to the terms of the lock-up agreement referred to below, if applicable).
Equity Incentive Plans
See “Executive Compensation—Atlas Holdings, Inc. 2018 Incentive Plan” for more information.
 
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 MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS FOR NON-U.S. HOLDERS OF CLASS A COMMON STOCK
The following discussion is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations relevant to Non-U.S. Holders (as defined below) of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our Class A common stock, but does not purport to be a complete analysis of all potential tax effects. The effects of other U.S. federal tax laws, such as estate and gift tax laws, and any applicable state, local or non-U.S. tax laws are not discussed. This discussion is based on the Code, Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial decisions, and published rulings and administrative pronouncements of the IRS, in each case in effect as of the date hereof. These authorities may change or be subject to differing interpretations. Any such change or differing interpretation may be applied retroactively in a manner that could adversely affect a Non-U.S. Holder of our common stock. We have not sought and will not seek any rulings from the IRS regarding the matters discussed below. There can be no assurance the IRS or a court will not take a contrary position to that discussed below regarding the tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common stock.
This discussion is limited to Non-U.S. Holders that hold our common stock as a “capital asset” within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment). This discussion does not address all U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to a Non-U.S. Holder’s particular circumstances, including the impact of the Medicare contribution tax on net investment income. In addition, it does not address consequences relevant to Non-U.S. Holders subject to special rules, including, without limitation:
 
 	•	 	U.S. expatriates and former citizens or long-term residents of the United States;	
 
 	•	 	persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;	
 
 	•	 	persons holding our common stock as part of a hedge, straddle or other risk reduction strategy or as part of a conversion transaction or other integrated investment;	
 
 	•	 	banks, insurance companies, and other financial institutions;	
 
 	•	 	brokers, dealers or traders in securities;	
 
 	•	 	“controlled foreign corporations,” “passive foreign investment companies,” and corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid U.S. federal income tax;	
 
 	•	 	partnerships or other entities or arrangements treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes (and investors therein);	
 
 	•	 	tax-exempt organizations or governmental organizations;	
 
 	•	 	persons deemed to sell our common stock under the constructive sale provisions of the Code;	
 
 	•	 	persons who hold or receive our common stock pursuant to the exercise of any employee stock option or otherwise as compensation;	
 
 	•	 	tax-qualified retirement plans;	
 
 	•	 	persons subject to special tax accounting rules as a result of any item of gross income with respect to our common stock being taken into account in an applicable financial statement; and	
 
 	•	 	“qualified foreign pension funds” as defined in Section 897(l)(2) of the Code and entities all of the interests of which are held by qualified foreign pension funds.	
If an entity (or arrangement) classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds our common stock, the tax treatment of a partner or beneficial owner of the entity will depend on the status of the partner or beneficial owner, the activities of the entity and certain determinations made at the partner or beneficial owner level. Accordingly, entities classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes that hold our common stock and the partners or beneficial owners of such entities should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences to them.
 
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THIS DISCUSSION IS FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT TAX ADVICE. INVESTORS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE APPLICATION OF THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR COMMON STOCK ARISING UNDER THE U.S. FEDERAL ESTATE OR GIFT TAX LAWS OR UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCAL OR NON-U.S. TAXING JURISDICTION OR UNDER ANY APPLICABLE INCOME TAX TREATY.
Definition of a Non-U.S. Holder
For purposes of this discussion, a “Non-U.S. Holder” is any beneficial owner of our common stock that is neither a “U.S. person” nor an entity (or arrangement) classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A U.S. person is any person that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is or is treated as any of the following:
 
 	•	 	an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;	
 
 	•	 	an entity created or organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia that is classified as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes;	
 
 	•	 	an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or	
 
 	•	 	a trust that (1) is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and the control of one or more “United States persons” (within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code), or (2) has a valid election in effect to be treated as a United States person for U.S. federal income tax purposes.	
Distributions
As described in the section entitled “Dividend Policy,” we do not anticipate paying dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future. However, if we do make distributions of cash or property on our common stock, such distributions will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Amounts not treated as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes will first constitute a return of capital and be applied against and reduce a Non-U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its common stock, but not below zero. Any excess will be treated as capital gain and will be treated as described below under “—Sale or Other Taxable Disposition.”
Except as described below with respect to effectively connected dividends and subject to the discussions below of backup withholding and Sections 1471 to 1474 of the Code (such Sections and related Treasury Regulations commonly referred to as the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, or FATCA), dividends paid to a Non-U.S. Holder of our common stock will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty, provided the Non-U.S. Holder furnishes a valid IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or other applicable documentation) certifying qualification for the lower treaty rate). If a Non-U.S. Holder holds the stock through a financial institution or other intermediary, the Non-U.S. Holder will be required to provide appropriate documentation to the intermediary, which then will be required to provide appropriate documentation to the applicable withholding agent, either directly or through other intermediaries. A Non-U.S. Holder that does not timely furnish the required documentation, but that qualifies for a reduced treaty rate, may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld by timely filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS. Non-U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding their entitlement to benefits under any applicable income tax treaty.
If dividends paid to a Non-U.S. Holder are effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, the Non-U.S. Holder maintains a permanent establishment in the United States to which such dividends are attributable), the
 
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Non-U.S. Holder will be exempt from the U.S. federal withholding tax described above. To claim the exemption, the Non-U.S. Holder must furnish to the applicable withholding agent a valid IRS Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States.
Any such effectively connected dividends will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis at the regular graduated rates. A Non-U.S. Holder that is a corporation also may be subject to a branch profits tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty) on such effectively connected dividends, as adjusted for certain items. Non-U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding any applicable tax treaties that may provide for different rules or rates.
Sale or Other Taxable Disposition
Subject to the discussions below regarding FATCA and backup withholding, a Non-U.S. Holder will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain realized upon the sale or other taxable disposition of our common stock unless:
 
 	•	 	the gain is effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, the Non-U.S. Holder maintains a permanent establishment in the United States to which such gain is attributable);	
 
 	•	 	the Non-U.S. Holder is a nonresident alien individual present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year of the disposition and certain other requirements are met; or	
 
 	•	 	our common stock constitutes a U.S. real property interest (“USRPI”) by reason of our status as a U.S. real property holding corporation (“USRPHC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes.	
Gain described in the first bullet point above generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis at the regular graduated rates. A Non-U.S. Holder that is a corporation also may be subject to a branch profits tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty) on such effectively connected gain, as adjusted for certain items.
Gain described in the second bullet point above will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty), which may be offset by U.S. source capital losses of the Non-U.S. Holder (even though the individual is not considered a resident of the United States), provided the Non-U.S. Holder has timely filed U.S. federal income tax returns with respect to such losses.
With respect to the third bullet point above, we believe we currently are not, and do not anticipate becoming, a USRPHC. Because the determination of whether we are a USRPHC depends, however, on the fair market value of our USRPIs relative to the fair market value of our non-U.S. real property interests and our other business assets, there can be no assurance that we currently are not a USRPHC or will not become one in the future. Even if we are or were to become a USRPHC, gain arising from the sale or other taxable disposition by a Non-U.S. Holder of our common stock will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax if our common stock is “regularly traded,” as defined by applicable Treasury Regulations, on an established securities market, and such Non-U.S. Holder owned, actually or constructively, 5% or less of our common stock throughout the shorter of the five-year period ending on the date of the sale or other taxable disposition of, or the Non-U.S. Holder’s holding period for, our common stock.
Non-U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding potentially applicable income tax treaties that may provide for different rules.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Payments of dividends on our common stock will not be subject to backup withholding, provided the applicable withholding agent does not have actual knowledge or reason to know the holder is a U.S. person and
 
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the holder either certifies its non-U.S. status, such as by furnishing a valid IRS Form W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E or W-8ECI, or otherwise establishes an exemption. However, information returns are required to be filed with the IRS in connection with any dividends on our common stock paid to the Non-U.S. Holder, regardless of whether any tax was actually withheld. In addition, proceeds of the sale or other taxable disposition of our common stock within the United States or conducted through certain U.S.-related brokers generally will not be subject to backup withholding or information reporting, if the applicable withholding agent receives the certification described above and does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that such holder is a U.S. person, or the holder otherwise establishes an exemption. Proceeds of a disposition of our common stock conducted through a non-U.S. office of a non-U.S. broker generally will not be subject to backup withholding or information reporting.
Copies of information returns that are filed with the IRS may also be made available under the provisions of an applicable treaty or agreement to the tax authorities of the country in which the Non-U.S. Holder resides or is established or organized.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or a credit against a Non-U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.
Additional Withholding Tax on Payments Made to Foreign Accounts
Withholding taxes may be imposed under FATCA on certain types of payments made to non-U.S. financial institutions and certain other non-U.S. entities. Specifically, a 30% withholding tax may be imposed on dividends on, or gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition of, our common stock paid to a “foreign financial institution” (as defined by the Code to include, in addition to banks and traditional financial institutions, entities such as investment funds and certain holding companies) or a “non-financial foreign entity” (as defined in the Code), unless (1) the foreign financial institution undertakes certain diligence, reporting and withholding obligations, (2) the non-financial foreign entity either certifies it does not have any “substantial United States owners” (as defined in the Code) or furnishes identifying information regarding each substantial United States owner, or (3) the foreign financial institution or non-financial foreign entity otherwise qualifies for an exemption from these rules. If the payee is a foreign financial institution and is subject to the diligence, reporting and withholding requirements in (1) above, it must enter into an agreement with the U.S. Department of the Treasury requiring, among other things, that it undertake to identify accounts held by certain “specified United States persons” or “United States-owned foreign entities” (each as defined in the Code), annually report certain information about such accounts, and withhold 30% on certain payments to non-compliant foreign financial institutions and certain other account holders. Accordingly, the entity through which our common stock is held will affect the determination of whether such withholding is required. Foreign financial institutions located in jurisdictions that have an intergovernmental agreement with the United States governing FATCA may be subject to different rules.
Under the applicable Treasury Regulations and administrative guidance, withholding under FATCA generally applies currently to payments of dividends on our common stock and will apply to payments of gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition of such stock on or after January 1, 2019.
Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the potential application of withholding under FATCA to their investment in our common stock.
 PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
The selling stockholders, which as used herein includes donees, pledgees, transferees or other successors-in-interest selling shares of Class A common stock or interests in shares of Class A common stock received after the date of this prospectus from a selling stockholder as a gift, pledge, partnership distribution or other transfer, may, from time to time, sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of any or all of their shares of Class A
 
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common stock or interests in shares of Class A common stock on any stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the shares are traded or in private transactions. These dispositions may be at fixed prices, at prevailing market prices at the time of sale, at prices related to the prevailing market price, at varying prices determined at the time of sale, or at negotiated prices.
The selling stockholders may dispose of shares or interests therein in one or more types of transaction, which may include:
 
 	•	 	purchases by underwriters, dealers and agents who may receive compensation in the form of underwriting discounts, concessions or commissions for the selling stockholders and/or the purchasers of the securities for whom they may act as agent;	
 
 	•	 	ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers;	
 
 	•	 	block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the shares as agent, but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction, or in crosses, in which the same broker acts as agent on both sides of the trade;	
 
 	•	 	purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account;	
 
 	•	 	the pledge of securities for any loan or obligation, including pledges to brokers or dealers who may from time to time effect distributions of securities;	
 
 	•	 	one or more exchanges or over-the-counter market transactions;	
 
 	•	 	distributions to equity holders or creditors of the selling stockholders;	
 
 	•	 	an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange;	
 
 	•	 	privately negotiated transactions;	
 
 	•	 	short sales effected after the date the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part is declared effective by the SEC;	
 
 	•	 	through the writing or settlement of options or other hedging transactions, whether through an options exchange or otherwise;	
 
 	•	 	broker-dealers may agree with the selling stockholders to sell a specified number of such shares at a stipulated price per share;	
 
 	•	 	a combination of any such methods of sale; and	
 
 	•	 	any other method permitted by applicable law	
The selling stockholders may, from time to time, pledge or grant a security interest in some or all of the shares of Class A common stock owned by them and, if they default in the performance of their secured obligations, the pledgees or secured parties may offer and sell the shares of Class A common stock, from time to time, under this prospectus, or under an amendment to this prospectus under Rule 424(b)(3) or other applicable provision of the Securities Act amending the list of selling stockholders to include the pledgee, transferee or other successors in interest as selling stockholders under this prospectus. The selling stockholders also may transfer the shares of Class A common stock in other circumstances, in which case the transferees, pledgees or other successors in interest will be the selling beneficial owners for purposes of this prospectus.
In connection with the sale of our Class A common stock or interests therein, the selling stockholders may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions, which may in turn engage in short sales of the Class A common stock in the course of hedging the positions they assume. The selling stockholders may also sell shares of our Class A common stock short and deliver these securities to close out their short positions, or loan or pledge the Class A common stock to broker-dealers that in turn may sell these
 
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securities. The selling stockholders may also enter into option or other transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions or the creation of one or more derivative securities which require the delivery to such broker-dealer or other financial institution of shares offered by this prospectus, which shares such broker-dealer or other financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction).
The aggregate proceeds to the selling stockholders from the sale of the Class A common stock offered by them will be the purchase price of the Class A common stock less discounts or commissions, if any. Each of the selling stockholders reserves the right to accept and, together with their agents from time to time, to reject, in whole or in part, any proposed purchase of Class A common stock to be made directly or through agents. We will not receive any of the proceeds from this offering.
The selling stockholders also may resell all or a portion of the shares in open market transactions in reliance upon Rule 144 under the Securities Act, provided that they meet the criteria and conform to the requirements of that rule.
In connection with sales of securities covered hereby, the selling stockholders and any underwriter, broker-dealer or agent and any other participating broker-dealer that executes sales for the selling stockholders may be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act. Accordingly, any profits realized by the selling stockholders and any compensation earned by such underwriter, broker-dealer or agent may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions. Selling stockholders who are “underwriters” under the Securities Act must deliver this prospectus in the manner required by the Securities Act. This prospectus delivery requirement may be satisfied through the facilities of the New York Stock Exchange in accordance with Rule 153 under the Securities Act or satisfied in accordance with Rule 174 under the Securities Act.
To the extent required, the shares of our Class A common stock to be sold, the names of the selling stockholders, the respective purchase prices and public offering prices, the names of any agents, dealer or underwriter, any applicable commissions or discounts with respect to a particular offer will be set forth in an accompanying prospectus supplement or, if appropriate, a post-effective amendment to the registration statement that includes this prospectus.
In order to comply with the securities laws of some states, if applicable, the Class A common stock may be sold in these jurisdictions only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in some states the Class A common stock may not be sold unless it has been registered or qualified for sale or an exemption from registration or qualification requirements is available and is complied with.
We have advised the selling stockholders that the anti-manipulation rules of Regulation M under the Exchange Act may apply to sales of shares in the market and to the activities of the selling stockholders and their affiliates. In addition, to the extent applicable we will make copies of this prospectus (as it may be supplemented or amended from time to time) available to the selling stockholders for the purpose of satisfying the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act. The selling stockholders may indemnify any broker-dealer that participates in transactions involving the sale of the shares against certain liabilities, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act.
We have agreed to indemnify the selling stockholders against liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, relating to the registration of the shares offered by this prospectus.
In connection with an offering of securities under this prospectus, the underwriters may purchase and sell securities in the open market. These transactions may include short sales, stabilizing transactions and purchases to cover positions created by short sales. Short sales involve the sale by the underwriters of a greater number of securities than they are required to purchase in an offering. Stabilizing transaction consist of certain bids or purchases made for the purpose of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the securities while an offering is in progress.
 
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The underwriters also may impose a penalty bid. This occurs when a particular underwriter repays to the underwriters a portion of the underwriting discount received by it because the underwriters have repurchased securities sold by or for the account of that underwriter in stabilizing or short-covering transactions.
These activities by the underwriters may stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the market price of the securities offered under this prospectus. As a result, the price of the securities may be higher than the price that otherwise might exist in the open market. If these activities are commenced, they may be discontinued by the underwriters at any time. These transactions may be effected on the New York Stock Exchange or another securities exchange or automated quotation system, or in the over-the-counter market or otherwise.
We will not receive any cash proceeds from our issuance of shares of Class A common stock to the selling stockholders or the sale by the selling stockholders of our shares of Class A common stock pursuant to this prospectus. Each selling stockholder will bear the cost of any underwriting discounts and selling commissions related to their respective offering and sale of shares of Class A common stock pursuant to this prospectus. We may be required to indemnify the selling stockholders against liabilities, including some liabilities under the Securities Act, in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement, or the selling stockholders will be entitled to contribution. We, our affiliates and our respective directors, officers, employees, agents and control persons may be indemnified by the selling stockholders against liabilities that may arise from any written information furnished to us by the selling stockholder specifically for use in this prospectus, in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement, or we or they may be entitled to contribution.
 
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 LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the issuance of our Class A common stock offered in this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Latham & Watkins LLP.
 EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule of Impax and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2017, have been included in this prospectus in reliance upon the report of KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, included elsewhere herein, and upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
The consolidated financial statements of Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC at December 31, 2017 and 2016, and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, appearing in this Prospectus and Registration Statement have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon appearing elsewhere herein, and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
 WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1, including exhibits and schedules, under the Securities Act that registers the shares of our Class A common stock to be sold in this offering. This prospectus does not contain all the information contained in the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules filed as part of the registration statement. For further information with respect to us and our Class A common stock, we refer you to the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules filed as part of the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document are not necessarily complete. If a contract or document has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, we refer you to the copies of the contract or document that has been filed. Each statement in this prospectus relating to a contract or document filed as an exhibit is qualified in all respects by the filed exhibit.
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC under the Exchange Act. You can read our SEC filings, including the registration statement, at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov . You may read and copy the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part at the SEC’s public reference room, which is located at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, DC 20549. You can request copies of the registration statement by writing to the SEC and paying a fee for the copying cost. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for more information about the operation of the SEC’s public reference room.
You also can get more information about Impax by visiting its website at www.impaxlabs.com. Website materials are not part of this prospectus.
 
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Table of Contents
 INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC	  				
		
Consolidated Financial Statements	  				
		
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	  	 	F-2	 	
		
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016	  	 	F-3	 	
		
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December  31, 2017, 2016, and 2015	  	 	F-4	 	
		
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015	  	 	F-5	 	
		
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Members’ Deficit for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015	  	 	F-6	 	
		
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December  31, 2017, 2016, and 2015	  	 	F-7	 	
		
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	  	 	F-9	 	
		
Impax Laboratories, Inc.	  				
		
Consolidated Financial Statements	  				
		
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	  	 	F-40	 	
		
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016	  	 	F-41	 	
		
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December  31, 2017, 2016, and 2015	  	 	F-42	 	
		
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015	  	 	F-43	 	
		
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015	  	 	F-44	 	
		
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December  31, 2017, 2016, and 2015	  	 	F-45	 	
		
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	  	 	F-47	 	
		
Schedule II, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts	  	 	F-117	 	
 
F-1

Table of Contents
 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and the Board of Managers of Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in members’ deficit and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB and in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2008.
Iselin, New Jersey
March 7, 2018
 
F-2

Table of Contents
 Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands except unit amounts)

 	  	December 31	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	
Assets	  				 				
Current assets:	  				 				
Cash and cash equivalents	  	$	74,166	 	 	$	27,367	 	
Restricted cash	  	 	3,756	 	 	 	10,179	 	
Trade accounts receivable—net	  	 	351,367	 	 	 	394,786	 	
Inventories	  	 	284,038	 	 	 	266,161	 	
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	  	 	42,396	 	 	 	16,446	 	
Related-party receivables	  	 	16,210	 	 	 	11,175	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current assets	  	 	771, 933	 	 	 	726,114	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Property, plant, and equipment—net	  	 	486,758	 	 	 	407,404	 	
Goodwill	  	 	26,444	 	 	 	28,441	 	
Intangible assets—net	  	 	44,599	 	 	 	45,929	 	
Other assets	  	 	12,155	 	 	 	10,929	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total assets	  	$	1,341,889	 	 	$	1,218,817	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Liabilities and members’ deficit	  				 				
Current liabilities:	  				 				
Accounts payable	  	$	70,013	 	 	$	60,033	 	
Accrued liabilities	  	 	78,646	 	 	 	74,932	 	
Accrued returns allowance	  	 	45,175	 	 	 	46,195	 	
Current portion of financing obligations	  	 	311	 	 	 	274	 	
Taxes payable	  	 	849	 	 	 	2,625	 	
Revolving credit facility	  	 	75,000	 	 	 	25,000	 	
Current portion of long-term debt	  	 	14,171	 	 	 	11,620	 	
Current portion of capital lease obligations	  	 	96	 	 	 	91	 	
Related-party payables	  	 	12,622	 	 	 	4,303	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current liabilities	  	 	296,883	 	 	 	225,073	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Long-term debt, net	  	 	1,355,274	 	 	 	1,119,268	 	
Long-term portion of financing obligations	  	 	39,987	 	 	 	40,298	 	
Deferred income taxes	  	 	2,491	 	 	 	1,673	 	
Long-term portion of capital leases	  	 	825	 	 	 	921	 	
Other long-term liabilities	  	 	6,968	 	 	 	7,529	 	
Related-party payable—long-term	  	 	15,043	 	 	 	—  	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total long-term liabilities	  	 	1,420,588	 	 	 	1,169,689	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commitments and contingencies (Note 18)	  				 				
			
Members’ equity (189,000,000 units authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016)	  	 	2,716	 	 	 	2,675	 	
Additional paid-in capital	  	 	8,562	 	 	 	—  	 	
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	  	 	(14,232	) 	 	 	(12,797	) 	
Accumulated deficit	  	 	(382,785	) 	 	 	(175,168	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Subtotal—members’ deficit	  	 	(385,739	) 	 	 	(185,290	) 	
Non-controlling interest	  	 	10,157	 	 	 	9,345	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total members’ deficit	  	 	(375,582	) 	 	 	(175,945	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total liabilities and members’ deficit	  	$	1,341,889	 	 	$	1,218,817	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
F-3

Table of Contents
 Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income
(in thousands except unit amounts)

 	  	Years ended December 31	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Net revenue	  	$	1,033,654	 	 	$	1,018,225	 	 	$	866,280	 	
Cost of goods sold	  	 	480,033	 	 	 	402,227	 	 	 	349,563	 	
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	27,443	 	 	 	18,507	 	 	 	15,034	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Gross profit	  	 	526,178	 	 	 	597,491	 	 	 	501,683	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Selling, general, and administrative	  	 	104,423	 	 	 	115,130	 	 	 	97,179	 	
Research and development	  	 	157,550	 	 	 	168,137	 	 	 	136,870	 	
Intellectual property legal development expenses	  	 	20,518	 	 	 	25,728	 	 	 	16,843	 	
Depreciation	  	 	18,493	 	 	 	14,509	 	 	 	10,413	 	
Member units purchase	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	12,500	 	
Patent litigation settlement gain	  	 	—  	 	 	 	(11,000	) 	 	 	(8,650	) 	
Legal settlement gain	  	 	(21,467	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Acquisition and transaction-related expenses	  	 	9,403	 	 	 	70	 	 	 	370	 	
Intangible asset impairment charges	  	 	—  	 	 	 	36	 	 	 	—  	 	
Development contract settlement	  	 	(7,845	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating profit	  	 	245,103	 	 	 	284,881	 	 	 	236,158	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest expense	  	 	(71,108	) 	 	 	(55,952	) 	 	 	(45,835	) 	
Foreign exchange gain (loss)	  	 	29,092	 	 	 	(14,108	) 	 	 	(12,150	) 	
Loss on extinguishment and modification of debt	  	 	(2,532	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(2,591	) 	
Loss on sale of certain international businesses	  	 	(29,232	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total other expense, net	  	 	(73,780	) 	 	 	(70,060	) 	 	 	(60,576	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income before tax	  	 	171,323	 	 	 	214,821	 	 	 	175,582	 	
Income tax provision	  	 	1,998	 	 	 	5,395	 	 	 	4,951	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	  	 	169,325	 	 	 	209,426	 	 	 	170,631	 	
Less net income attributable to non-controlling interest	  	 	(1,677	) 	 	 	(2,048	) 	 	 	(1,180	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income attributable to Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC and Subsidiaries	  	$	167,648	 	 	$	207,378	 	 	$	169,451	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
F-4

Table of Contents
 Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(in thousands except unit amounts)

 	  	Years ended December 31	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Net income	  	$	169,325	 	 	$	209,426	 	 	$	170,631	 	
Other comprehensive income (loss):	  				 				 				
Foreign currency translation adjustment	  	 	(1,435	) 	 	 	3,047	 	 	 	(713	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive income	  	 	167,890	 	 	 	212,473	 	 	 	169,918	 	
Less comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest	  	 	(1,677	) 	 	 	(2,048	) 	 	 	(1,180	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive income attributable to Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC and Subsidiaries	  	$	166,213	 	 	$	210,425	 	 	$	168,738	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
F-5

Table of Contents
 Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Members’ Deficit
(in thousands except unit amounts)

 	 	Members’
Equity	 	 	Additional
Paid-In
Capital	 	 	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)	 	 	(Accumulated
Deficit)
Retained
Earnings	 	 	Non-Controlling
Interest	 	 	Total	 	
Balance—January 1, 2015	 	$	2,694	 	 	$	—  	 	 	$	(15,131	) 	 	$	(93,258	) 	 	$	8,026	 	 	$	(97,669	) 	
Net income	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	169,451	 	 	 	1,180	 	 	 	170,631	 	
Dividend to non-controlling interest	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(936	) 	 	 	(936	) 	
Distributions to members	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(258,169	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(258,169	) 	
Foreign currency translation	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(713	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(713	) 	
Return of capital	 	 	(19	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	2	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(17	) 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance—December 31, 2015	 	 	2,675	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(15,844	) 	 	 	(181,974	) 	 	 	8,270	 	 	 	(186,873	) 	
Net income	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	207,378	 	 	 	2,048	 	 	 	209,426	 	
Dividend to non-controlling interest	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(973	) 	 	 	(973	) 	
Distributions to members	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(200,615	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(200,615	) 	
Foreign currency translation	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	3,047	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	3,047	 	
Return of capital	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	43	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	43	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance—December 31, 2016	 	 	2,675	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(12,797	) 	 	 	(175,168	) 	 	 	9,345	 	 	 	(175,945	) 	
Net income	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	167,648	 	 	 	1,677	 	 	 	169,325	 	
Dividend to non-controlling interest	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(865	) 	 	 	(865	) 	
Capital Contribution	 	 	41	 	 	 	8,562	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	8,603	 	
Distributions to members	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(375,265	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(375,265	) 	
Foreign currency translation	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(1,435	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(1,435	) 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance—December 31, 2017	 	$	2,716	 	 	$	8,562	 	 	$	(14,232	) 	 	$	(382,785	) 	 	$	10,157	 	 	$	(375,582	) 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
F-6

Table of Contents
 Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands except unit amounts)

 	  	Years ended December 31	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Operating activities:	  				 				 				
Net income	  	$	169,325	 	 	$	209,426	 	 	$	170,631	 	
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:	  				 				 				
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	45,936	 	 	 	33,016	 	 	 	25,447	 	
Unrealized foreign currency (gain) loss	  	 	(30,823	) 	 	 	12,162	 	 	 	10,667	 	
Amortization of debt issuance costs	  	 	4,585	 	 	 	3,055	 	 	 	1,857	 	
Loss on extinguishment and modification of debt	  	 	2,532	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	2,591	 	
Intangible asset impairment charges	  	 	—  	 	 	 	36	 	 	 	—  	 	
Loss on sale of certain international businesses	  	 	29,232	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Transaction costs paid by Amneal Holdings, LLC	  	 	8,561	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Deferred tax provision	  	 	742	 	 	 	121	 	 	 	171	 	
Inventory provision	  	 	3,771	 	 	 	9,235	 	 	 	1,540	 	
Allowance for doubtful accounts provision	  	 	1,374	 	 	 	161	 	 	 	95	 	
Changes in assets and liabilities:	  				 				 				
Trade accounts receivable—net	  	 	35,255	 	 	 	(122,482	) 	 	 	(44,651	) 	
Inventories	  	 	(31,826	) 	 	 	(42,587	) 	 	 	(78,075	) 	
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	  	 	(24,630	) 	 	 	2,475	 	 	 	(2,733	) 	
Related-party receivables	  	 	(5,485	) 	 	 	307	 	 	 	(4,755	) 	
Other assets	  	 	(675	) 	 	 	(433	) 	 	 	(7,474	) 	
Accounts payable	  	 	15,173	 	 	 	(9,358	) 	 	 	10,130	 	
Accrued returns allowance	  	 	(376	) 	 	 	14,279	 	 	 	4,537	 	
Taxes payable	  	 	(2,263	) 	 	 	40	 	 	 	1,536	 	
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	  	 	6,444	 	 	 	96	 	 	 	13,020	 	
Other liabilities	  	 	(873	) 	 	 	1,208	 	 	 	349	 	
Related-party payables	  	 	8,208	 	 	 	4,303	 	 	 	—  	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by operating activities	  	 	234,187	 	 	 	115,060	 	 	 	104,883	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investing activities:	  				 				 				
(Increase) decrease in restricted cash	  	 	6,798	 	 	 	(6,272	) 	 	 	(3,843	) 	
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment	  	 	(94,771	) 	 	 	(122,756	) 	 	 	(117,380	) 	
Acquisition of product rights and licenses	  	 	(19,500	) 	 	 	(1,850	) 	 	 	—  	 	
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(14,401	) 	
Proceeds from sale of certain international businesses, net of cash sold	  	 	15,717	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash used in investing activities	  	 	(91,756	) 	 	 	(130,878	) 	 	 	(135,624	) 	

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Table of Contents
Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands except unit amounts)

 	  	Years ended December 31	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Financing activities:	  				 				 				
Payments of deferred financing costs	  	 	(5,026	) 	 	 	(6,506	) 	 	 	(2,871	) 	
Payments on capital leases	  	 	(91	) 	 	 	(85	) 	 	 	(80	) 	
Repayments on financing obligations	  	 	(274	) 	 	 	(259	) 	 	 	(1,264	) 	
Net (payments) borrowings from revolving credit line	  	 	50,000	 	 	 	(25,000	) 	 	 	50,000	 	
Proceeds from issuance of term loan debt	  	 	250,000	 	 	 	225,000	 	 	 	200,000	 	
Payments on term loan debt	  	 	(13,534	) 	 	 	(11,052	) 	 	 	(11,667	) 	
Equity contributions	  	 	40	 	 	 	(5	) 	 	 	—  	 	
Dividend to non-controlling interest	  	 	(865	) 	 	 	(973	) 	 	 	(936	) 	
Distributions to members	  	 	(375,265	) 	 	 	(200,615	) 	 	 	(258,169	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash used in financing activities	  	 	(95,015	) 	 	 	(19,495	) 	 	 	(24,987	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Effect of foreign exchange rate on cash	  	 	(617	) 	 	 	1,593	 	 	 	(707	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	  	 	46,799	 	 	 	(33,720	) 	 	 	(56,435	) 	
Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of year	  	 	27,367	 	 	 	61,087	 	 	 	117,522	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents—end of year	  	$	74,166	 	 	$	27,367	 	 	$	61,087	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:	  				 				 				
Cash paid during the year for interest	  	$	65,086	 	 	$	50,569	 	 	$	42,405	 	
Foreign incomes taxes paid	  	 	5,780	 	 	$	4,922	 	 	$	4,137	 	
Schedule of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities:	  				 				 				
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment	  	$	7,412	 	 	$	—  	 	 	$	—  	 	
Receivable from sale of certain international businesses	  	$	1,936	 	 	$	—  	 	 	$	—  	 	
Note payable resulting from the Ireland building purchase	  	$	14,758	 	 	$	—  	 	 	$	—  	 	
Transaction costs paid by Amneal Holdings	  	$	8,561	 	 	$	—  	 	 	$	—  	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
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 1.	Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation	
Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC (“Amneal”) was formed during 2002 and operates through various subsidiaries. Amneal is a vertically-integrated developer, manufacturer, and seller of generic pharmaceutical products. Amneal’s pharmaceutical research includes analytical and formulation development and stability. Amneal has operations in the United States of America (U.S.), Switzerland, India, Ireland and the United Kingdom (U.K.), and certain other countries, primarily in Western Europe. Amneal sells to wholesalers, distributors, hospitals, chain pharmacies and individual pharmacies, either directly or indirectly.
On October 17, 2017, Amneal and Impax Laboratories, Inc. (“Impax”) entered into the Business Combination Agreement (the “Combination”). Under the terms of the Combination, the combined company (“New Amneal”) will be formed. As a result of the Combination, Amneal Holdings, LLC (“Amneal Holdings”) members immediately prior to the closing of the Combination will receive Class B Common Stock and Amneal Common Units and will be able to redeem at their option, at or following closing, their Amneal Common Units for Class A Common Stock or Class B-1 Common Stock. As a result, Amneal members immediately prior to the closing of the Combination will own approximately 75% of the voting power of New Amneal and Impax’s stockholders immediately prior to the closing of the Combination will own approximately 25% of the voting power of New Amneal. The Combination will be structured as an “Up-C” transaction with a tax receivable agreement split 85% / 15% between Amneal Holdings members and New Amneal, respectively.
The Combination has been unanimously approved by the Boards of Managers of Amneal and the Board of Directors of Impax, and is supported by the management teams of both companies. The Combination is expected to close in the first half of 2018, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions, including receipt of regulatory approvals and Impax shareholder approval. Amneal has received the requisite approval from its members for the transaction.
In connection with the Combination, Amneal Holdings members have entered into definitive purchase agreements with select institutional investors including TPG and funds affiliated with Fidelity Management & Research Company to sell 46.8 million unregistered common shares at $18.25 per share in a private placement for gross proceeds of $855 million, or approximately 15% of fully diluted common shares outstanding on an as converted basis.
 
2.	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Amneal and all of its subsidiaries in which a controlling interest is maintained and are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”). All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires Amneal’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported financial position at the date of the financial statements and the reported results of operations during the reporting period. Such estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The following are some, but not all, of such estimates: the determination of chargebacks, sales returns, rebates, bill backs, allowances for accounts receivable, accrued liabilities, valuation of inventory balances, the determination of useful lives for product rights and the assessment of expected cash flows used in evaluating goodwill and other long-lived assets for impairment. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
 
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Revenue Recognition
Revenue from product sales is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, title and risk of loss has transferred to the customer, the price is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. Amneal permits the return of product under certain circumstances. Product sales are recorded net of all sales-related deductions including, but not limited to: sales discounts and returns, chargebacks, sales volume rebates, shelf stocks, re-procurement charges, cash discounts, and Medicaid rebate obligations. Amneal establishes provisions for its sales-related deductions in the same period that it recognizes the related gross sales. These accruals reduce gross revenues and, with the exception of returns and Medicaid rebates, are treated as a reduction of trade receivables. Returns and Medicaid rebates are recorded as a liability. At the time a rebate or chargeback payment is made or a product return credit is issued, Amneal records a reduction to the contra accounts receivable or liability account.
Amneal estimates sales-related deductions based primarily on historical experience, estimated future trends, estimated customer inventory levels and contract sales terms with Amneal’s wholesale, retail, indirect, and institutional customers. The product returns accrual is primarily based on estimates of future product returns based generally on historical sales and return rates. Amneal estimates its chargeback accrual based on its estimates of the level of inventory of its products in the distribution channel that remain subject to chargebacks and historical chargeback rates. The estimate of the level of products in the distribution channel is based primarily on data provided by key customers. Amneal’s sales volume rebate accrual is based on actual net sales and the rebate rate for each customer. Amneal provides for cash discounts, which are deducted from revenues at the time of sale. Amneal estimates its Medicaid rebate accruals based on monthly sales, historical rates, and estimated lag time of the rebate invoices. Amneal’s accruals for returns, chargebacks, and rebates are adjusted as appropriate for specific known developments that may result in a change in its obligations. No material revisions were made to the methodology used in determining these reserves during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015.
A rollforward of the major categories of sales-related deductions for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 is as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Contract
Charge-backs
and Sales
Volume
Allowances	 	 	Cash Discount
Allowances	 	 	Accrued
Returns
Allowance	 	 	Accrued
Medicaid
Rebates	 	
Balance at January 1, 2015	  	$	262,514	 	 	$	14,420	 	 	$	27,586	 	 	$	4,172	 	
Provision related to sales recorded in the period	  	 	1,900,663	 	 	 	62,392	 	 	 	14,928	 	 	 	31,588	 	
Credits issued during the period	  	 	(1,832,366	) 	 	 	(61,918	) 	 	 	(10,390	) 	 	 	(21,375	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2015	  	 	330,811	 	 	 	14,894	 	 	 	32,124	 	 	 	14,385	 	
Provision related to sales recorded in the period	  	 	2,182,606	 	 	 	70,662	 	 	 	31,741	 	 	 	17,181	 	
Credits issued during the period	  	 	(2,146,569	) 	 	 	(67,118	) 	 	 	(17,670	) 	 	 	(23,509	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2016	  	 	366,848	 	 	 	18,438	 	 	 	46,195	 	 	 	8,057	 	
Provision related to sales recorded in the period	  	 	2,489,681	 	 	 	79,837	 	 	 	24,571	 	 	 	25,982	 	
Credits issued during the period	  	 	(2,402,826	) 	 	 	(77,867	) 	 	 	(25,591	) 	 	 	(21,128	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2017	  	$	453,703	 	 	$	20,408	 	 	$	45,175	 	 	$	12,911	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Revenue from royalties is recognized when Amneal’s commercial partners realize net sales of products. Royalties are recognized as earned in accordance with contract terms with partners and when collection is reasonably assured. Revenues from royalties were 1.2%, 1.7%, and 3.5% of Net Revenue for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.
 
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Acquisition and Transaction-Related Expenses
Amneal incurs acquisition-related costs in connection with business combinations. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred and amounted to $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017.
As a result of the Combination (refer to Note 1. Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation), Amneal recognized transaction-related expenses of $9.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. Of the $9.1 million recognized by Amneal, $8.6 million was incurred by its parent, Amneal Holdings, LLC, and therefore, was recognized as a capital contribution.
Foreign Currencies
Amneal has operations in the U.S., Switzerland, India, the U.K., Ireland, and other international jurisdictions. The results of its non-U.S. dollar based operations are translated to U.S. Dollars at the average exchange rates during the period. Assets and liabilities are translated at the rate of exchange prevailing on the balance sheet date. Investment accounts are translated at historical exchange rates. Translation adjustments are accumulated in a separate component of members’ equity (deficit) in the Consolidated Balance Sheet and are included in the determination of comprehensive income. Transaction gains and losses are included in the determination of net income in Amneal’s Consolidated Statements of Income as a component of Foreign exchange gain/loss. Such foreign currency transaction gains and losses include fluctuations related to long term intercompany loans that are payable in the foreseeable future. There was a Transaction gain of $29.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. Transaction losses were $14.1 million and $12.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, and 2015, respectively.
Business Combinations
Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method the acquiring entity in a business combination records the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition at their fair values. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets and other identifiable intangible assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Acquisition-related costs, primarily professional fees, are expensed as incurred.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on deposit and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. A portion of Amneal’s cash flows are derived outside the U.S. As a result, Amneal is subject to market risk associated with changes in foreign exchange rates. Amneal maintains cash balances at both U.S. based and foreign based commercial banks. At various times during the year, cash balances in the U.S. may exceed amounts that are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).
Restricted Cash
At December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, Amneal had restricted cash balances of $3.8 million and $10.2 million in its bank accounts related to the purchase of certain land and equipment.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The allowance for doubtful accounts is management’s best estimate of the amount of probable collection losses in Amneal’s existing accounts receivable. Management determines the allowance based on historical experience along with the present knowledge of potentially uncollectible accounts. Account balances are charged off against the allowance when management believes it is probable the receivable will not be recovered. Amneal does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to customers.
 
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Inventories
Inventories consist of finished goods held for sale, raw materials, and work in process. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost determined using the first-in, first-out method. Adjustments for excess and obsolete inventories are established based upon historical experience and management’s assessment of current product demand. These assessments include inventory obsolescence based on its expiration date, damaged or rejected product, and slow-moving products.
Debt Issuance Costs
Debt issuance costs are presented as a reduction to the carrying value of debt. All debt issuance costs are amortized using the effective interest method over the life of the related obligation through charges to interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Property, Plant, and Equipment
Property, plant, and equipment are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expense is computed primarily using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are as follows:

Asset Classification	  	Estimated Useful	
Buildings	  	30 years	
Computer equipment	  	5 years	
Furniture and fixtures	  	7 years	
Leasehold improvements	  	Shorter of asset’s useful life or remaining life of lease	
Machinery and equipment	  	7 years	
Vehicles	  	5 years	
Upon retirement or disposal, the cost of the asset disposed and the accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any gain or loss is reflected as part of operating income in the period of disposal. Expenditures that significantly increase value or extend useful lives of property, plant, and equipment are capitalized, whereas those for normal maintenance and repairs are expensed. Amneal capitalizes interest on borrowings during the construction period of major capital projects as part of the related asset and amortizes the capitalized interest into earnings over the related asset’s remaining useful life.
In-Process Research and Development (IPR&D)
The fair value of IPR&D acquired in a business combination is determined based on the present value of each research project’s projected cash flows using an income approach. Future cash flows are predominately based on the net income forecast of each project. Revenues are estimated based on relevant market size and growth factors, expected industry trends, individual project life cycles and the life of each research project’s underlying marketability. In determining the fair value of each research project, expected cash flows are adjusted for certain risks of completion, including technical and regulatory risk.
The value attributable to IPR&D projects at the time of acquisition is capitalized as an indefinite-lived intangible asset and tested for impairment until the project is completed or abandoned. Upon completion of the project, the indefinite-lived intangible asset is then accounted for as a finite-lived intangible asset and amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life. If the project is abandoned, the indefinite-lived intangible asset is charged to expense.
Intangible assets with indefinite lives including IPR&D are tested for impairment if impairment indicators arise and, at a minimum, annually. However, an entity is permitted to first assess qualitative factors to determine
 
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if a quantitative impairment test is necessary. Further testing is only required if the entity determines, based on the qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that an indefinite-lived intangible asset’s fair value is less than its carrying amount. Otherwise, no further impairment testing is required. The indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment test consists of a one-step analysis that compares the fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of an intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. Amneal considers many factors in evaluating whether the value of its intangible assets with indefinite lives may not be recoverable, including, but not limited to, expected growth rates, the cost of equity and debt capital, general economic conditions, our outlook and market performance of Amneal’s industry and recent and forecasted financial performance.
Goodwill
Goodwill, which represents the excess of purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired, is carried at cost. Goodwill is not amortized; rather, it is subject to a periodic assessment for impairment by applying a fair value based test. Amneal reviews goodwill for possible impairment annually during the fourth quarter, or whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.
The impairment model prescribes a two-step method for determining goodwill impairment. However, an entity is permitted to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the two-step goodwill impairment test is necessary. The qualitative factors considered by Amneal may include, but are not limited to, general economic conditions, Amneal’s outlook, market performance of Amneal’s industry and recent and forecasted financial performance. Further testing is only required if the entity determines, based on the qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount. Otherwise, no further impairment testing is required. In the first step, Amneal determines the fair value of its reporting unit using a discounted cash flow analysis. If the net book value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, Amneal then performs the second step of the impairment test, which requires allocation of the reporting unit’s fair value to all of its assets and liabilities using the acquisition method prescribed under authoritative guidance for business combinations with any residual fair value being allocated to goodwill. An impairment charge is recognized when the implied fair value of Amneal’s reporting unit’s goodwill is less than its carrying amount.
Assumptions and estimates used in the evaluation of impairment may affect the carrying value of long-lived assets, which could result in impairment charges in future periods. Such assumptions include projections of future cash flows and the current fair value of the asset.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets (Including Intangible Assets with Finite Lives)
Amneal reviews its long-lived assets, including intangible assets with finite lives, for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. Amneal evaluates assets for potential impairment by comparing estimated future undiscounted net cash flows to the carrying amount of the asset. If the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the estimated future undiscounted cash flows, impairment is measured based on the difference between the carrying amount of the assets and fair value which is generally an expected present value cash flow technique. Management’s policy in determining whether an impairment indicator exists comprises measurable operating performance criteria as well as other qualitative measures.
Intangible assets, other than indefinite-lived intangible assets, are amortized using a straight line basis based on their estimated useful lives as the straight line basis of amortization approximates the pattern of economic benefit of the asset. The useful life is the period over which the assets are expected to contribute directly or indirectly to future cash flows. Intangible assets are not written-off in the period of acquisition unless they become impaired during that period.
Amneal regularly evaluates the remaining useful life of each intangible asset that is being amortized to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of amortization. If the
 
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estimate of the intangible asset’s remaining useful life is changed, the remaining carrying amount of the intangible asset is amortized prospectively over that revised remaining useful life.
Income Taxes
The operations of Amneal are conducted through a limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. All U.S. federal income tax benefits and/or liabilities of Amneal are passed through to its members. Amneal provides for a tax provision in the various foreign jurisdictions in which it operates.
The provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based upon the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates that will be in effect at the time such differences are expected to reverse. When necessary, deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to reflect the amount that is estimated to be recoverable.
The guidance related to accounting for income taxes requires that a valuation allowance be established when it is more-likely-than-not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income of the appropriate character during the period in which those temporary differences are deductible. Amneal applies a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets in the required jurisdictions.
Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income includes net income and all changes in equity for cumulative translation adjustments resulting from the consolidation of foreign subsidiaries’ financial statements.
Research and Development
R&D activities are expensed as incurred. Primarily R&D costs consist of direct and allocated expenses incurred with the process of formulation, clinical research, and validation associated with new product development, and external regulatory filing fees. Upfront and milestone payments made to third parties in connection with research and development collaborations are expensed as incurred up to the point of regulatory approval or when there is no alternative future use. Payments made to third parties subsequent to regulatory approval are capitalized and amortized over the remaining useful life of the respective intangible asset. Amounts capitalized for such payments are included in intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization.
Intellectual Property Legal Development Expenses
Amneal expenses external intellectual property legal development expenses as incurred. These costs relate to legal challenges of innovator’s patents for invalidity or non-infringement, which are customary in the generic pharmaceutical industry, and are incurred predominately during development of a product and prior to regulatory approval. Associated costs include, but are not limited to, formulation assessments, patent challenge opinions and strategy, and litigation expenses to defend the intellectual property supporting Amneal’s regulatory filings.
Variable Interest Entities
Amneal performs initial and ongoing evaluations of entities with which an equity or contractual relationship is established for potential variable interests. An entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) if it possesses one of the following criteria: (i) it is thinly capitalized, (ii) the residual equity holders do not control the entity, (iii) the equity holders are shielded from the economic losses, (iv) the equity holders do not participate fully in the entity’s residual economics, or (v) the entity was established with non-substantive voting interests. If an entity is
 
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identified as a VIE, an assessment is performed to determine whether Amneal has both (i) the power to direct activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) have the obligation to absorb losses from or the right to receive benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. If both of these criteria are satisfied, Amneal is identified as the primary beneficiary of the VIE.
If Amneal determines that it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE, Amneal consolidates the statements of operations and financial condition of the VIE into its consolidated financial statements. Amneal’s management concluded there were no relationships that constitute a VIE requiring consolidation during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015.
Advertising Costs
Amneal expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expenses were $0.9 million, $1.3 million, and $0.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.
Shipping Costs
Amneal records the costs of shipping product to its customers as a component of selling, general, and administrative expenses as incurred. Shipping costs were $14.5 million, $12.6 million, and $10.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.
Patent Litigation Settlement
Patent challenges against innovator patents are customary in the generic pharmaceutical industry, and often result in litigation. Gains on settlements of such litigation may result. During 2016 and 2015 Amneal recorded benefits totaling $11.0 million, and $8.7 million, respectively, on the settlement of patent infringement matters on certain products. There were no such benefits recorded during 2017.
Risks and Uncertainties
Amneal is subject to risks common to companies in the pharmaceutical industry including, but not limited to, uncertainties related to commercialization of products, regulatory approvals, dependence on key products, dependence on key customers and suppliers, and protection of intellectual property rights.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was enacted in the United States, which significantly reforms U.S. tax legislation. In December 2017, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”), which directs taxpayers to consider the impact of the US legislation as “provisional” when it does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed in reasonable detail to complete its accounting for the law change. Amneal has not completed the analysis of the impact of the new legislation; however, due to the fact that Amneal is treated as a partnership for US tax purposes, Amneal provisionally has concluded that there will be minimal, if any, impact to its financial statement income tax expense based on the new legislation. Amneal will continue to evaluate the legislative changes during the measurement period allowed under SAB 118, not to extend one year beyond the date of enactment.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business , that changes the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities is a business. The guidance requires an entity to evaluate if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets; if so, the set of transferred assets and activities is not a business. The guidance also requires a business to include at least one substantive process and narrows the definition of outputs by more closely
 
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aligning it with how outputs are described in ASC 606. The guidance is effective for Amneal for the annual period beginning after December 15, 2018 and should be applied prospectively. Early adoption is permitted and Amneal early adopted ASU 2017-01 prospectively as of October 1, 2017.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-03, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections (Topic 250) and Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), which add to and amend SEC guidance pursuant to the SEC Staff Announcements at the September 22, 2016 and November 17, 2016 Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) meetings. The guidance provides additional disclosure requirements regarding the impact of recently issued accounting standards on the financial statements of a registrant when such standards are adopted in a future period. Amneal adopted ASU 2017-03 on January 1, 2017 and it did not have an effect on Amneal’s consolidated financial statements.
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-17, Consolidation (Topic 810): Interests Held through Related Parties That Are under Common Control . The guidance requires a single decision maker evaluating whether it is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (VIE) to consider its indirect interests held by related parties that are under common control on a proportionate basis. Under the guidance the FASB issued in 2015 (ASU 2015-02, Consolidation (Topic 810)—Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis), the decision maker had to consider those interests in their entirety. The new guidance could change consolidation conclusions for entities that have already adopted ASU 2015-02 when a decision maker and its related parties holding an interest in the VIE are under common control. The guidance is effective for Amneal beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted, including in an interim period, although entities that have not yet adopted ASU 2015-02 are required to adopt both ASUs at the same time. Entities that have not yet adopted ASU 2015-02 will apply the same transition method they elect when they adopt ASU 2015-02. ASU 2015-02 permits either a retrospective approach or a modified retrospective approach by recording a cumulative-effect adjustment to equity as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. Amneal adopted ASU 2016-17 on January 1, 2017 and it did not have an effect on Amneal’s consolidated financial statements.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting . The amendments in this ASU are intended to simplify several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment award transactions, including: (a) income tax consequences; (b) classification of awards as either equity or liabilities; and (c) classification on the statement of cash flows. The amendments require all income tax effects of awards to be recognized in the statement of operations when the awards vest or are settled, allows an employer to repurchase more of an employee’s shares than it previously could for tax withholding purposes without triggering liability accounting, and allows companies to make a policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur. This standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early application is permitted. Amneal adopted ASU 2016-09 on January 1, 2017 and it did not have an effect on Amneal’s consolidated financial statements.
In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-16, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments (ASU 2015-16) . The FASB issued new guidance that eliminates the requirement that an acquirer in a business combination account for measurement-period adjustments retrospectively. Instead, an acquirer will recognize a measurement-period adjustment during the period in which it determines the amount of the adjustment. The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted and prospective application to adjustments to provisional amounts that occur after the effective date is required. Amneal adopted ASU 2015-16 on January 1, 2017 and it did not have an effect on Amneal’s consolidated financial statements.
In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory . ASU 2015-11 requires inventory be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value, and
 
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options that currently exist for market value be eliminated. ASU 2015-11 defines net realizable value as estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The guidance is effective prospectively for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those fiscal years with early adoption permitted. Amneal adopted ASU 2015-11 on January 1, 2017 and it did not have a material impact on Amneal’s consolidated financial statements.
In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-02, Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis . The amendments in ASU 2015-02 are intended to improve targeted areas of consolidation guidance for legal entities such as limited partnerships, limited liability corporations, and securitization structures (collateralized debt obligations, collateralized loan obligations, and mortgage-backed security transactions). In addition to reducing the number of consolidation models from four to two, the new standard simplifies the FASB Accounting Standards Codification and improves current GAAP by: (i) placing more emphasis on risk of loss when determining a controlling financial interest, (ii) reducing the frequency of the application of related-party guidance when determining a controlling financial interest in a VIE and, (iii) changing consolidation conclusions for public and private companies in several industries that typically make use of limited partnerships or VIEs. ASU 2015-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. ASU 2015-02 may be applied retrospectively in previously issued financial statements for one or more years with a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first year restated. Amneal adopted ASU 2015-02 on January 1, 2017 and it did not have an effect on Amneal’s consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting , which provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. The guidance will be effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this ASU should be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. Amneal is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, Other Income—Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20) , which provides clarification regarding the scope of the asset derecognition guidance and accounting for partial sales of nonfinancial assets. The update defines an in substance nonfinancial asset and clarifies that an entity should identify each distinct nonfinancial asset or in substance nonfinancial asset promised to a counterparty and derecognize each asset when a counterparty obtains control of it. All businesses and nonprofit activities within the scope of Subtopic 610-20 are excluded from the amendments in this update. This guidance will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and is required to be applied at the same time as ASU 2014-09 (described below) is applied. The guidance can be applied using one of two methods: the full retrospective method, which requires the standard to be applied to each prior period presented, or the modified retrospective method, which requires the cumulative effect of adoption to be recognized as an adjustment to opening retained earnings in the period of adoption. Amneal is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment that eliminates the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill (i.e., Step 2 of today’s goodwill impairment test) to measure a goodwill impairment charge. Instead, entities will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value (i.e., measure the charge based on today’s Step 1). The standard will be applied prospectively and is effective for Amneal’s annual and interim impairment tests performed in periods beginning after December 15,
 
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2021. Early adoption is permitted for annual and interim goodwill impairment testing dates after January 1, 2017. Amneal is evaluating the impact of this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) , to clarify how entities should present restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. The guidance requires entities to show the changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. As a result, entities will no longer present transfers between cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. The guidance will be applied retrospectively and is effective for the annual period beginning after December 15, 2018. Amneal is evaluating the impact of this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16 , Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory , that will require companies to account for the income tax effects of intercompany transfers of assets other than inventory (e.g., intangible assets) when the transfer occurs. The guidance is effective for Amneal beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual period (i.e., early adoption is permitted only in the first interim period). Amneal is evaluating the impact of this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force) , to clarify how entities should classify certain cash receipts and cash payments on the statement of cash flows. The new guidance also clarifies how the predominance principle should be applied when cash receipts and cash payments have aspects of more than one class of cash flows. The guidance will be applied retrospectively and is effective for Amneal for the annual period beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. Amneal is evaluating the impact of this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments , guidance that changes the impairment model for most financial assets including trade receivables and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The standard will replace today’s “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model for instruments measured at amortized cost and require entities to record allowances for available-for-sale debt securities rather than reduce the carrying amount, as they do today under the other-than-temporary impairment model. It also simplifies the accounting model for purchased credit-impaired debt securities and loans. Entities will apply the standard’s provisions as a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. The guidance is effective for Amneal for the annual period beginning after December 15, 2019. Amneal is evaluating the impact of this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) . The new standard establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. Amneal is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.
 
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In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10), Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities , which addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. The guidance is effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is not permitted. Amneal is currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) . This guidance represents a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which that company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services. This update sets forth a new five-step revenue recognition model which replaces the prior revenue recognition guidance in its entirety and is intended to eliminate numerous industry-specific pieces of revenue recognition guidance that have historically existed. The FASB has since issued eight additional ASUs, including ASU 2017-13 in September 2017 and ASU 2017-14 in December 2017. These ASUs are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2019. Early adoption is permitted as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. Companies may use either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach to adopt this standard. Amneal will adopt the new revenue recognition standard using the modified retrospective method, which requires the cumulative effect of the adoption to be recognized as an adjustment to opening retained earnings in the period of adoption. In addition, the new standard will result in additional revenue-related disclosures in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. Amneal has made substantial progress in completing its impact assessment of the potential changes from adopting ASU 2014-09. The impact assessment consists of a review of a representative sample of contracts, surveying key stakeholders, and a cataloging of potential impacts on our financial statements, accounting policies, financial control, and operations. The majority of Amneal’s revenue relates to the sale of finished generic pharmaceutical products to its customers, and though Amneal is still evaluating the impact of this standard, management does not anticipate that the adoption will have a significant impact on these transactions. Amneal is continuing to evaluate the impact on certain less significant non-standard arrangements. In addition, the new standard will require changes to processes and controls to support additional disclosures; and Amneal is in the process of identifying and designing such changes to processes and controls to ensure readiness.
 
3.	Acquisitions and Divestitures	
2017 Acquisitions
Asset Acquisition
Amneal has the commercial rights to distribute Estradiol Vaginal Tablets (“Estradiol”), sold under the tradename Yuvafem ® , and owns the full product rights for Aspirin/Dipyridamole ER (“ADip”). Both of the products are marketed by Amneal and respective royalties are paid to the development partner Kashiv Pharma, LLC (“Kashiv”), a related party.
On June 29, 2017, Amneal and Kashiv entered into a product acquisition and royalty stream purchase agreement under which Amneal acquired all rights including the regulatory information related to the Estradiol product and the Estradiol Abbreviated New Drug Application (“ANDA”). Amneal also acquired the royalty rights associated with the generic version of Aggrenox (the “ADip product”). The purchase of the Estradiol product intellectual property was accounted for as an asset acquisition and the prepayment of the ADip product royalty was accounted for as a prepaid royalty expense. The aggregate purchase price was $25 million due at closing plus two potential future $5 million earnout payments should certain future milestones be reached. There were no acquisition costs.
 
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The total cost of $25 million was assigned to each acquired asset on a relative fair value basis and has been allocated as follows:

Asset Acquired	 	Value	 	 	Balance Sheet Classification	
Estradiol product intangible asset	 	$	19,500	 	 	Intangible assets—net	
Prepayment of ADip product royalty	 	 	5,500	 	 	Current portion: Prepaid expenses and other current assets Non-current portion: Other assets	
	 	 	 	 	 		
Total	 	$	25,000	 	 		
	 	 	 	 	 		
Amneal will amortize the acquired Estradiol product intangible asset on a straight-line basis over its estimated 15-year useful life. If incurred, the earnout payments will be added to the cost of the Estradiol product intangible asset and will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining life of Estradiol intangible asset. The ADip product prepaid royalty will be amortized on a straight-line basis over five years, the remaining life of the royalty agreement.
License and Commercialization Agreement
On October 1, 2017, Amneal and Adello Biologics, LLC (“Adello”), a related party, entered into a license and commercialization agreement. Adello granted Amneal an exclusive license, under its New Drug Application, to distribute and sell two bio-similar products in the U.S. Adello is responsible for development, regulatory filings, obtaining FDA approval, and manufacturing, and Amneal is responsible for marketing, selling and pricing activities. The term of the agreement is 10-years from the respective product’s launch date.
In connection with the agreement, Amneal paid an upfront amount of $1.5 million in October 2017 for execution of the agreement which was expensed within Research and development expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Income. The agreement also provides for potential future milestone payments to Adello of (i) up to $21 million relating to regulatory approval, (ii) up to $43 million for successful delivery of commercial launch inventory, (iii) between $20 million and $50 million relating to number of competitors at launch for one product, and (iv) between $15 million and $67.5 million for the achievement of cumulative net sales for both products. The milestones are subject to certain performance conditions which may or may not be achieved, including FDA filing, FDA approval, launch activities and commercial sales volume objectives. In addition, the agreement provides for Amneal to pay a profit share equal to 50% of Net Profits, after considering manufacturing and marketing costs.
2017 Divestitures
Australia Divestiture
On August 31, 2017, Amneal sold 100% of the equity of its Australian business, Amneal Pharma Pty Ltd, to Arrow Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd (“Arrow”) for cash consideration of $9.9 million which was received in October 2017. The consideration received is subject to certain working capital adjustments. The carrying value of the net assets sold was $32.0 million, including intangible assets of $13.9 million and goodwill of $1.9 million. As a result of the sale, Amneal recognized a loss of $24.0 million, inclusive of divestiture costs of $1.5 million and a release of foreign currency translation adjustment loss of $0.4 million, within the Loss on sale of certain international businesses in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2017.
As part of the disposition, Amneal agreed to indemnify Arrow for certain claims for up to 18 months from the closing date of the disposition. Additionally, Amneal will allow Arrow to use the Amneal trademark in Australia to enable Arrow to transfer the labeling and marketing authorizations from the Amneal name to the Arrow name for a period of three years. Amneal will supply Arrow with Linezolid for a period of three years and will further develop four other products for such territory during such three year period. Arrow may be required to pay additional consideration of 1.5 million Australian dollars ($1.2 million based on exchange rate as of December 31, 2017) if certain conditions are met within six months of the closing date of the disposition.
 
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Amneal retained the contingent consideration liability, amounting to $0.4 million at December 31, 2017, related to the business which arose from Amneal’s acquisition of the Actavis Australian generic business in May 2015. Accordingly, Amneal is obligated to make royalty payments based on 12% of aggregate net sales through April 2018.
Spain/Nordics Divestiture
On September 30, 2017, Amneal sold 100% of the equity and certain marketing authorizations, including associated dossiers, of its Amneal Nordic ApS and Amneal Pharma Spain S.L. subsidiaries to Aristo Pharma GmbH (“Aristo”) for cash consideration of $8.4 million. Amneal received $6.5 million in October 2017 and the remainder was due to be paid within 60 days of closing of the disposition based on the actual closing date net working capital of the entities sold. The carrying value of the net assets sold was $13.1 million, including intangible assets of $0.9 million and goodwill of $1.7 million. As a result of the sale, Amneal recognized a loss of $5.2 million, inclusive of a release of foreign currency translation loss of $0.5 million, within the Loss on sale of certain international businesses in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Aristo is also required to make an additional payment within 12 months of the closing date of the disposition based on the actual inventory, transferred as part of the transaction that the buyer sold over this period.
2015 Acquisitions
Actavis Australian Generics Business
On May 1, 2015, Amneal acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of Actavis Pty. Ltd. (Actavis) which is an Australian based company that commercializes generic pharmaceuticals within the Australian market. Actavis’s Australian products further complement Amneal’s customer base and expands its international presence. Total consideration was comprised of an up-front payment of $14.5 million plus contingent purchase price consideration with an estimated fair value of $8.0 million.
The results of operations from the Australian business of Actavis are included in Amneal’s consolidated financial statements from and after the date of acquisition. Amneal incurred $0.4 million in transaction costs that were expensed as incurred.
The following table summarizes the consideration transferred and the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date for the Actavis acquisition:

Fair value of consideration transferred:	  				
Cash	  	$	14,502	 	
Contingent consideration	  	 	7,950	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total fair value of consideration transferred	  	$	22,452	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:	  				
Inventory	  	$	9,712	 	
Intangible assets	  	 	11,460	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total identifiable assets	  	 	21,172	 	
Goodwill	  	 	1,280	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Net assets acquired	  	$	22,452	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Contingent consideration is a future payment based on 12% of aggregate net sales during each of the 12 calendar quarters subsequent to the acquisition, payable on a quarterly basis, which commenced with the calendar quarter of June 30, 2015. Amneal determined the fair value using the present value, discounting at the
 
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weighted average cost of capital (WACC) plus a factor for credit risk, of the projected payments based on probability-weighted revenue projections over the 12 quarters subsequent to acquisition. This fair value measurement is based on significant inputs not observable in the market and thus represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy.
The purchase price was allocated to the tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their acquisition date estimated fair values. The identifiable intangible assets principally included Actavis products, which encompassed the market position of the products, the developed technology utilized, and the customer base to which the products are sold. The identified intangible assets are subject to amortization on a straight-line basis over a range of useful lives of 5-20 years.
Amneal, with the assistance of a third-party appraiser, assessed the fair value of the assets. The identifiable intangible asset was valued using the income approach. This method requires several judgments and assumptions to determine the fair value of intangible assets, including growth rates, discount rates, customer attrition rates, expected levels of cash flows, earnings, revenues, and tax rate.
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the net identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired. Amneal believes the goodwill related to the acquisition was a result of the expected synergies to be realized from combining operations and is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.
 
4.	Trade Accounts Receivable	
Trade accounts receivable is comprised of the following at December 31, (in thousands):

 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	
Gross trade accounts receivable	  	$	827,302	 	  	$	780,522	 	
Allowance for doubtful accounts	  	 	(1,824	) 	  	 	(450	) 	
Contract charge-backs and sales volume allowances	  	 	(453,703	) 	  	 	(366,848	) 	
Cash discount allowances	  	 	(20,408	) 	  	 	(18,438	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Trade accounts receivable—net	  	$	351,367	 	  	$	394,786	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
For the year ended December 31, 2017, Amneal’s top three customers represented individually net revenues exceeding 10% or more of total net revenues, respectively, 21%, 13%, and 13%. For the year ended December 31, 2016, Amneal’s top three customers represented individually net revenues exceeding 10% or more of total net revenues, respectively, 17%, 16%, and 11%. For the year ended December 31, 2015, Amneal’s top three customers represented individually net revenues exceeding 10% or more of Amneal’s total net revenues, respectively, 17%, 16%, and 12%.
Receivables from customers representing 10% or more of Amneal’s gross trade accounts receivable reflected three customers at December 31, 2017, equal to 36%, 27%, and 19%, respectively. Receivables from customers representing 10% or more of Amneal’s gross trade accounts receivable reflected three customers at December 31, 2016, equal to 33%, 29%, and 21%, respectively.
One product represented 10% or more of Amneal’s total net revenues which was 13% for the year ended December 31, 2017. One product represented 10% or more of Amneal’s total net revenues which was 12% for the year ended December 31, 2016. Amneal did not have any products representing 10% or more of Amneal’s total net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2015.
 
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5.	Inventories	
Inventories are comprised of the following at December 31, (in thousands):

 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	
Raw materials	  	$	140,051	 	  	$	127,814	 	
Work-in-progress	  	 	38,146	 	  	 	41,733	 	
Finished goods	  	 	105,841	 	  	 	96,614	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Inventories	  	$	284,038	 	  	$	266,161	 	

6.	Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets	
Prepaid and other current assets are comprised of the following at December 31, (in thousands):

 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	
Deposits and advances	  	 	1,851	 	  	 	4,354	 	
Prepaid insurance	  	 	3,154	 	  	 	3,757	 	
Prepaid GDUFA and other regulatory fees	  	 	5,926	 	  	 	2,740	 	
Other current receivables	  	 	15,150	 	  	 	1,390	 	
Other prepaid expenses	  	 	16,315	 	  	 	4,205	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	  	$	42,396	 	  	$	16,446	 	

7.	Property, Plant, and Equipment	
Property, plant, and equipment is comprised of the following at December 31, (in thousands):

 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	
Land	  	$	5,275	 	  	$	4,923	 	
Buildings	  	 	227,864	 	  	 	64,410	 	
Leasehold improvements	  	 	70,354	 	  	 	89,045	 	
Machinery and equipment	  	 	260,637	 	  	 	177,639	 	
Furniture and fixtures	  	 	18,415	 	  	 	17,210	 	
Vehicles	  	 	1,517	 	  	 	1,457	 	
Computer equipment	  	 	26,831	 	  	 	18,983	 	
Construction in progress	  	 	32,235	 	  	 	146,785	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total property, plant, and equipment	  	 	643,128	 	  	 	520,452	 	
Less accumulated depreciation	  	 	(156,370	) 	  	 	(113,048	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Property, plant, and equipment—net	  	$	486,758	 	  	$	407,404	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 Amneal invested $94.8 million, $122.8 million, and $117.4 million, respectively, in global property, plant and equipment. This significant investment relates primarily to the production capacity expansion of certain facilities in the U.S., India and Ireland for growth of existing and new dosage form capabilities.
Depreciation for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, was $41.9 million, $29.3 million, and $21.7 million, respectively, which includes depreciation for assets recorded as capital leases. Capital leases at December 31, 2017 and 2016, are approximately $0.9 million and $1.1 million for each respective year ended and are included within furniture and fixtures.
Interest capitalized and included in property, plant, and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $4.4 million, $4.3 million, $3.7 million, respectively.
 
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There were no impairments of property, plant, and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015.
 
8.	Goodwill and Intangible Assets	
Goodwill
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Gross Carrying
Amount	 	
Balance at January 1, 2016	  	$	29,824	 	
Goodwill impairment during the period	  	 	(15	) 	
Effect of currency translation	  	 	(1,368	) 	
	  	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2016	  	$	28,441	 	
Goodwill divested during the period	  	 	(3,895	) 	
Effect of currency translation	  	 	1,898	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2017	  	$	26,444	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Accumulated impairment losses were $15.0 thousand as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.
Intangible Assets
For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, changes in the gross carrying amount of intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

 	  	Gross Carrying
Amount	 	
Balance at January 1, 2016	  	 	65,991	 	
Acquisitions	  	 	1,850	 	
Impairment	  	 	(21	) 	
Effect of currency translation	  	 	(2,243	) 	
	  	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2016	  	$	65,577	 	
Acquisitions	  	 	19,500	 	
Divestitures	  	 	(23,822	) 	
Effect of currency translation	  	 	2,791	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2017	  	$	64,046	 	

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The following is a summary of intangible assets held by Amneal at December 31, 2017 and 2016, (in thousands):

 	  	Weighted average
life	 	  	Cost	 	  	Accumulated
amortization	 	 	Net book
value	 	
December 31, 2017	  				  				  				 				
Amortized intangible assets:	  				  				  				 				
Product rights	  	 	11.1	 	  	$	49,700	 	  	$	(17,210	) 	 	$	32,490	 	
Customer relationships	  	 	15.4	 	  	 	7,421	 	  	 	(1,072	) 	 	 	6,349	 	
Trade names	  	 	15.4	 	  	 	2,699	 	  	 	(522	) 	 	 	2,177	 	
Licenses	  	 	12.0	 	  	 	3,000	 	  	 	(600	) 	 	 	2,400	 	
Marketing authorizations	  	 	1.4	 	  	 	76	 	  	 	(43	) 	 	 	33	 	
	  				  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	  				  	 	62,896	 	  	 	(19,447	) 	 	 	43,449	 	
In-process research and development	  				  	 	1,150	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	1,150	 	
	  				  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	  				  	$	64,046	 	  	$	(19,447	) 	 	$	44,599	 	
	  				  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
December 31, 2016	  				  				  				 				
Amortized intangible assets:	  				  				  				 				
Product rights	  	 	9.3	 	  	$	29,650	 	  	$	(14,542	) 	 	$	15,108	 	
Customer relationships	  	 	16.4	 	  	 	6,788	 	  	 	(981	) 	 	 	5,807	 	
Trade names	  	 	16.4	 	  	 	2,468	 	  	 	(400	) 	 	 	2,068	 	
Licenses	  	 	13.0	 	  	 	3,000	 	  	 	(400	) 	 	 	2,600	 	
Marketing authorizations	  	 	15.8	 	  	 	21,971	 	  	 	(3,325	) 	 	 	18,646	 	
	  				  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	  				  	 	63,877	 	  	 	(19,648	) 	 	 	44,229	 	
In-process research and development	  				  	 	1,700	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	1,700	 	
	  				  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	  				  	$	65,577	 	  	$	(19,648	) 	 	$	45,929	 	
	  				  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, was $4.0 million, $3.7 million, and $3.7 million, respectively.
The approximate future annual amortization for the next five years is as follows (in thousands):

2018	  	$	4,020	 	
2019	  	 	3,976	 	
2020	  	 	3,906	 	
2021	  	 	3,811	 	
2022	  	 	3,516	 	
Thereafter	  	 	24,220	 	
	  	 	 	 	
	  	$	43,449	 	

9.	Other Assets	
Other assets are comprised of the following at December 31, (in thousands):

 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	
Receivable from statutory authorities	  	$	2,482	 	  	$	3,169	 	
Security deposits	  	 	2,634	 	  	 	2,485	 	
Deferred taxes	  	 	898	 	  	 	1,268	 	
Other receivables	  	 	6,141	 	  	 	4,007	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	  	$	12,155	 	  	$	10,929	 	

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Amneal has receivables from government authorities in India for export incentive licenses.
Amneal is required to make security deposits on some of its leases. The deposits are returned at the end of the lease term.
 
10.	Fair Value Measurements of Financial Instruments	
Fair value is the exit price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability. Fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined using assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value should maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. To measure fair value, Amneal uses the following fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable:
Level  1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level  2 – Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.
Level  3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques and also includes instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant judgment or estimation.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Amneal evaluates its financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements on a recurring basis to determine the appropriate level of classification for each reporting period. The following table sets forth Amneal’s financial assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

 	  	Fair Value	 	  	Level 1	 	  	Level 2	 	  	Level 3	 	
December 31, 2017	  				  				  				  				
Liabilities:	  				  				  				  				
Acquisition-related contingent consideration	  	$	401	 	  	$	—  	 	  	$	—  	 	  	$	401	 	
December 31, 2016	  				  				  				  				
Liabilities:	  				  				  				  				
Acquisition-related contingent consideration	  	$	3,193	 	  	$	—  	 	  	$	—  	 	  	$	3,193	 	
There were no transfers between levels in the fair value hierarchy during any period presented herein.
The carrying amounts of cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their fair values due to the short term maturity of these instruments. As of December 31, 2017, Amneal’s Term Loan was trading at approximately 100.8% of par value, based upon observable third-party market data (Level 2). The applicable fair value of the debt as of December 31, 2017, approximated $1.39 billion versus a carrying value of $1.38 billion. As of December 31, 2016, Amneal’s Term Loan was trading at approximately 100.5% of par value, based upon market data (Level 2). The applicable fair value of the debt as of December 31, 2016, approximated $1.15 billion versus a carrying value of $1.14 billion.
On May 1, 2015, Amneal acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of the Australian business of Actavis. The agreement includes a contingent earn-out provision, which is a future payment based on 12% of
 
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aggregate net sales during each of the 12 calendar quarters commencing with the calendar quarter of June 30, 2015. Amneal determined the fair value using the present value, discounting at the WACC plus a factor for credit risk (discount rate of 10.5%), of the projected payments based on probability-weighted revenues projections over the 12 quarters subsequent to acquisition. At acquisition, the contingent consideration had a fair value of $8.0 million. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the contingent consideration, using updated inputs to the valuation model, in addition to pay downs, had a fair value of $0.4 million and $3.2 million respectively. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the contingent consideration are the successful achievement of the probability-weighted revenues projections of Actavis’ Australian business and the discount rate used to present value of the projected payments. Significant increases or decreases in estimated revenues would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement. Significant increases or decreases in the discount rate would result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement.
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
The following table presents changes to Amneal’s financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

 	  	Acquisition-related
contingent
consideration	 	
Liabilities	  				
Balance at January 1, 2015	  	$	100	 	
Contingent consideration acquired/(settled), net	  	 	6,373	 	
Change in fair value recorded in earnings	  	 	(648	) 	
	  	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2015	  	 	5,825	 	
Contingent consideration acquired/(settled), net	  	 	(2,387	) 	
Change in fair value recorded in earnings	  	 	(245	) 	
	  	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2016	  	 	3,193	 	
Contingent consideration acquired/(settled), net	  	 	(2,071	) 	
Change in fair value recorded in earnings	  	 	(721	) 	
	  	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2017	  	$	401	 	
	  	 	 	 	
The change in fair value recorded in earnings is recognized within Cost of goods sold in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis
There were no non-recurring fair value measurements during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.
 
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11.	Accrued Liabilities	
Accrued liabilities are comprised of the following for each of the years ended December 31, (in thousands):

 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	
Accrued compensation	  	$	23,954	 	  	$	24,892	 	
Medicaid reimbursement accrual (See Note 18)	  	 	15,000	 	  	 	15,000	 	
Accrued royalties	  	 	2,970	 	  	 	3,352	 	
Accrued Medicaid rebates	  	 	12,911	 	  	 	8,057	 	
Accrued insurance benefits	  	 	2,540	 	  	 	2,229	 	
Accrued interest	  	 	982	 	  	 	831	 	
Accrued other	  	 	20,289	 	  	 	20,571	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total accrued liabilities	  	$	78,646	 	  	$	74,932	 	

12.	Debt	
The following is a summary of Amneal’s total indebtedness at December 31, (in thousands):

 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	
Senior Credit Facility—Term Loan	  	$	1,378,160	 	  	$	1,141,693	 	
Senior Credit Facility—Revolver	  	 	75,000	 	  	 	25,000	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total debt	  	 	1,453,160	 	  	 	1,166,693	 	
Less debt issuance costs	  	 	(8,715	) 	  	 	(10,805	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total debt, net of debt issuance costs	  	 	1,444,445	 	  	 	1,155,888	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Less current portion: Senior Credit Facility—Term Loan	  	 	(14,171	) 	  	 	(11,620	) 	
Less current portion: Senior Credit Facility—Revolver	  	 	(75,000	) 	  	 	(25,000	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Less total current portion	  	 	(89,171	) 	  	 	(36,620	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total long-term debt, net	  	$	1,355,274	 	  	$	1,119,268	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The principal balance, unamortized discount and net carrying amount of Amneal’s long-term debt at December 31, are as follows (in thousands):

 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	
Long-term debt—gross	  	$	1,363,989	 	  	$	1,130,073	 	
Long-term debt—discount	  	 	(8,715	) 	  	 	(10,805	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Long-term debt—net	  	$	1,355,274	 	  	$	1,119,268	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
On November 1, 2013, Amneal entered into term loan (“Term Loan”) and revolver (“Revolver”) credit facilities (as amended, the “Credit Facilities”). The proceeds of loans made from the Credit Facilities may be used to fund working capital needs, capital expenditures, acquisitions, dividends, and distributions to the membership unit holders and for other general corporate purposes.
In April 2015, Amneal entered into Amendment No. 3 to the Credit Facility to increase the Term Loan by $200.0 million, through an incremental tranche, and increase the Revolver borrowing limit by $30.0 million to $90.0 million. As a result of Amendment No. 3, Amneal capitalized approximately $0.7 million of debt issuance costs, which were recorded on Amneal’s consolidated balance sheet as a reduction in the carrying amount of long-term debt, net. In addition, Amneal recorded a $1.7 million charge from the modification and extinguishment of debt due to the write- off of unamortized debt issuance costs.
 
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In June 2015, Amneal entered into Amendment No. 4 to the Credit Facility to consolidate Amneal’s Term Loans and reduce the Term Loan’s interest rate by 0.50% to LIBOR plus 3.5%; the interest rate effective at December 31, 2016. As a result of Amendment No. 4, Amneal capitalized approximately $0.9 million of debt issuance costs, which were recorded on Amneal’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as a reduction in the carrying amount of long-term debt, net. In addition, Amneal recorded a $0.9 million charge from the modification and extinguishment of debt due to the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs.
In May 2016, Amneal entered into Amendment No. 5 to the Credit Facility to increase the Term Loan by $225.0 million, increase the Revolver borrowing limit by $30.0 million to $120.0 million, and reduce the Revolver’s interest rate by 0.25% to a maximum rate of LIBOR plus 2.5%; the interest rate effective at December 31, 2016. As a result of Amendment No. 5, Amneal capitalized approximately $6.5 million of debt issuance costs, which were recorded on Amneal’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as a reduction in the carrying amount of long-term debt, net.
On April 4, 2017, Amneal entered into Amendment No. 6 to increase the Term Loan by $250.0 million, increase the Revolver borrowing limit by $80.0 million to $200.0 million, and reduce the Revolver’s interest rate by 0.5% to a maximum rate of LIBOR plus 2.0%; the interest rate varies depending upon the amount drawn. As part of this transaction, $50 million was drawn on the Revolver. As a result of Amendment No. 6, Amneal capitalized approximately $2.5 million of debt issuance costs, which were recorded on Amneal’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as a reduction in the carrying amount of long-term debt, net. In addition, Amneal recorded a $2.5 million charge from the modification and extinguishment of debt due to the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs related to the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs.
At December 31, 2017, the Term Loan currently bears interest at LIBOR plus 3.50% with a 1.00% LIBOR floor and includes a principal pay down of 1% annually. The Term Loan matures on November 1, 2019, but can be prepaid at any time at no additional cost. The Revolver’s borrowing limit is $200.0 million and currently bears interest at LIBOR plus 1.50% with a 1.00% LIBOR floor. Amneal is charged a commitment fee of 0.375% on the daily portion of its unused Revolver limits. The Revolver matures on November 1, 2018, but can be prepaid at any time at no additional cost. Amneal has the option to extend the maturity date of the Revolver to November 1, 2019.
Amneal recorded debt issuance cost amortization expense of $4.6 million, $3.1 million, and $1.8 million related to the Credit Facilities during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Amortization is exclusive of any loss on extinguishment of debt.
Amneal’s obligations under the Credit Facilities are guaranteed by its parent, Amneal Pharmaceuticals Holding Company, LLC (“APHC”), and certain of its subsidiaries and are collateralized by a pledge of all the capital stock and membership interests of APHC and certain of its subsidiaries.
The Credit Facilities contain a number of covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, Amneal’s ability to incur additional indebtedness; create liens on assets; sell assets; make investments, loans or advances; pay dividends or distributions or repurchase stock and engage in certain transactions with affiliates. The Credit Facilities also contain certain usual and customary covenants, including, but not limited to covenants to maintain maximum leverage and minimum interest coverage ratios. The Credit Facilities also contain certain customary affirmative covenants and events of default. As of December 31, 2017, Amneal was in compliance with all covenants.
Amneal’s long-term debt agreements, exclusive of capital leases, require payments as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Payments Due	 	
2018	  	$	89,171	 	
2019	  	 	1,363,989	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	1,453,160	 	

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13.	Leases	
Amneal leases buildings and other tangible property. Rent expense under these leases was $17.4 million, $13.6 million, and $8.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. The table below reflects the future minimum lease payments, including reasonably assured renewals, due under these non-cancelable leases as of December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

 	  	Capital Leases	 	  	Operating
Leases	 	
2018	  	$	149	 	  	$	18,227	 	
2019	  	 	149	 	  	 	17,657	 	
2020	  	 	149	 	  	 	14,230	 	
2021	  	 	149	 	  	 	13,412	 	
2022	  	 	149	 	  	 	12,595	 	
Thereafter	  	 	410	 	  	 	27,197	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	1,155	 	  	$	103,318	 	
	  				  	 	 	 	
Interest portion of capital leases	  	 	(234	) 	  				
	  	 	 	 	  				
Principal portion of capital leases	  	$	921	 	  				
Less short-term portion	  	 	96	 	  				
	  	 	 	 	  				
Long-term portion	  	$	825	 	  				
	  	 	 	 	  				
Future minimum lease payments for operating leases are shown net of sublease rental income of $2.5 million over the term of the lease.
 
14.	Financing Obligations	
Amneal has a non-cancelable lease agreement dated October 1, 2012, for two buildings located in Long Island, New York, that are used as an integrated manufacturing and office facility. Amneal was responsible for a portion of the renovation and construction costs, and is deemed, for accounting purposes, to be the owner of the building. As a result, Amneal was required to record the property, plant, and equipment and a corresponding financing obligation. The financing obligation is reduced by rental payments through the end of the lease, June 30, 2043.
The remaining financing obligation was $40.3 million and $40.6 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The current portion of the remaining financing obligation was $0.3 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.
The monthly payments required under the terms of the non-cancelable lease agreement over the next five years and thereafter as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Payments Due	 	
2018	  	$	5,315	 	
2019	  	 	5,315	 	
2020	  	 	5,315	 	
2021	  	 	5,315	 	
2022	  	 	5,315	 	
Thereafter	  	 	106,916	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	133,491	 	

15.	Capital Structure	
Amneal is a limited liability company and is treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, Amneal had one Class A membership equity classification in which the members
 
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shared in the profits and losses and have voting rights. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Class A members had 189,000,000 units authorized, issued, and outstanding. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, Amneal made distributions of $375.3 million ($1.99 per unit), $200.6 million ($1.06 per unit), and $258.2 million ($1.36 per unit), respectively, to the Class A member, within the terms of the current Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement.
During 2011, Amneal established a profit participation plan in the form of profits interests granted through the issuance of Class D, Class E and Class F membership units. In 2015, Amneal added Class G and H membership units to the plan. Amneal issued these membership units to a select group of individuals (“Members”) in recognition of their past and continued services to Amneal. Subject to vesting provisions and forfeiture of the Units, the aggregate percentage interests of the Members will not exceed 6.36% in total membership interest. These interests constitute a profits interest in Amneal pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code and applicable treasury department regulations and pronouncements.
The Members participate in distributions of net proceeds upon a sale of Amneal in accordance with the Distribution of Capital Proceeds provision contained in the Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of Amneal, as amended. The vesting of certain units is subject to acceleration at the time of a change-in-control event. The Members participate only in net sale proceeds above the applicable floor amounts attributable to the units. Class D and Class E distributions of net sale proceeds are also subject to a cap. The units do not earn or accrue any preferred return. The Members do not have a right to vote or participate in the management of Amneal.
A summary of the unit activity for Members for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, is as follows:

Membership Units	  	Class D
Member	 	  	Class E
Member	 	 	Class F
Member	 	 	Class G
Member	 	 	Class H
Member	 	 	Total	 	
Outstanding—January 1, 2016	  	 	3,300,020	 	  	 	3,360,020	 	 	 	3,985,020	 	 	 	770,020	 	 	 	317,520	 	 	 	11,732,600	 	
Issued	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	450,000	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	450,000	 	
Forfeited	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	(42,857	) 	 	 	(120,000	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(162,857	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Outstanding—December 31, 2016	  	 	3,300,020	 	  	 	3,360,020	 	 	 	3,942,163	 	 	 	1,100,020	 	 	 	317,520	 	 	 	12,019,743	 	
Issued	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	75,000	 	 	 	20,000	 	 	 	95,000	 	
Forfeited	  	 	—  	 	  	 	(32,291	) 	 	 	(15,000	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(7,500	) 	 	 	(54,791	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Outstanding—December 31, 2017	  	 	3,300,020	 	  	 	3,327,729	 	 	 	3,927,163	 	 	 	1,175,020	 	 	 	330,020	 	 	 	12,059,952	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Vested—December 31, 2017	  	 	3,300,020	 	  	 	3,277,729	 	 	 	2,572,563	 	 	 	252,020	 	 	 	155,020	 	 	 	9,557,352	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Amneal will record the related compensation expense for performance conditions that depend on a change-in-control event once the event occurs. This amount, valued as of December 31, 2017, was $146.9 million. Any settlement would come from the proceeds of a change-in-control event and would be recognized as a non-cash charge.
In 2015, Amneal purchased certain membership units amounting to 1,004,078 units in total. As a result of the purchased membership units, Amneal recorded $12.5 million in expense within Member units purchase in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2015.
 
16.	Income Taxes	
The operations of Amneal are conducted through a limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Therefore it is not taxable for federal and most state income tax purposes. As a result, Amneal’s earnings or losses, to the extent not included in a taxable subsidiary, for federal and most state purposes are included in the tax returns of the individual members. Net earnings for financial statement purposes may differ significantly from taxable income reportable to members of Amneal as a result of
 
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differences between the tax basis and financial basis of assets and liabilities, differences between tax accounting and financial accounting treatment of certain items, and due to allocation requirements related to taxable income under various operating agreements. For assets held indirectly by Amneal through subsidiaries, the taxes attributable to those subsidiaries are reflected in the consolidated financial statements.
The components of Amneal’s income (loss) before income tax for the years ended December 31, were as follows (in thousands):

 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
United States	  	$	275,235	 	  	$	334,750	 	  	$	269,780	 	
International	  	 	(103,912	) 	  	 	(119,929	) 	  	 	(94,198	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total income before income taxes	  	$	171,323	 	  	$	214,821	 	  	$	175,582	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The provision for income taxes is comprised of the following for the years ended December 31, (in thousands):

 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Current:	  				  				  				
Foreign	  	$	1,256	 	  	$	5,274	 	  	$	4,780	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total current income tax	  	 	1,256	 	  	 	5,274	 	  	 	4,780	 	
Deferred:	  				  				  				
Foreign	  	 	742	 	  	 	121	 	  	 	171	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total deferred income tax	  	 	742	 	  	 	121	 	  	 	171	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total provision for income tax	  	$	1,998	 	  	$	5,395	 	  	$	4,951	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
No United States federal income taxes were incurred in the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015.
The overall tax rate for the years ended December 31, is as follows:

 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Federal income tax at the statutory rate	  	 	0.0	% 	 	 	0.0	% 	 	 	0.0	% 	
Losses for which no benefit has been recognized	  	 	10.6	 	 	 	8.2	 	 	 	7.6	 	
Foreign rate differential	  	 	(6.5	) 	 	 	(5.4	) 	 	 	(5.2	) 	
Other	  	 	(2.9	) 	 	 	(0.3	) 	 	 	0.4	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Effective income tax rate	  	 	1.2	% 	 	 	2.5	% 	 	 	2.8	% 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The decrease in effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the year ended December 31, 2016, is primarily due to the effects of certain adjustments recorded in 2017.
 
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Temporary differences between accounting for financial statement purposes and accounting for tax purposes result in the current provision for taxes being higher (lower) than the total provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, (in thousands):

 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	
Deferred tax assets:	  				  				
Net operating loss carryforward	  	$	34,889	 	  	$	38,035	 	
Capitalized costs	  	 	949	 	  	 	1,237	 	
Accrued expenses	  	 	985	 	  	 	1,650	 	
Intangibles	  	 	122	 	  	 	—  	 	
Tax credits and other	  	 	6,366	 	  	 	3,604	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total deferred tax assets	  	 	43,311	 	  	 	44,526	 	
Valuation allowance	  	 	(41,617	) 	  	 	(42,231	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net deferred tax assets	  	 	1,694	 	  	 	2,295	 	
Deferred tax liabilities:	  				  				
Fixed assets	  	 	(3,287	) 	  	 	(2,064	) 	
Intangibles	  	 	—  	 	  	 	(986	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total deferred income liabilities	  	 	(3,287	) 	  	 	(3,050	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net deferred income tax liability	  	$	(1,593	) 	  	$	(755	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The following table summarizes the changes in Amneal’s valuation allowance on deferred tax assets for the period indicated for the years ended December 31, (in thousands):

 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Balance at the beginning of the period	  	$	42,231	 	  	$	22,567	 	  	$	7,632	 	
Increases due to current year net operating losses and temporary differences	  	 	23,286	 	  	 	19,664	 	  	 	14,935	 	
Divestitures	  	 	(23,900	) 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Balance at the end of the period	  	$	41,617	 	  	$	42,231	 	  	$	22,567	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
At December 31, 2017, Amneal has approximately $350.9 million of foreign net operating loss carry forwards. The majority of these net operating loss carry forwards will expire, if unused, between 2021 and 2024.
Amneal’s Indian subsidiaries are primarily export-oriented and in some cases are eligible for certain limited income tax holiday benefits granted by the government of India for export activities conducted within Special Economic Zones, or SEZs, for periods of up to 15 years. Amneal’s SEZ income tax holiday benefits are currently scheduled to expire in whole or in part during the years 2028 to 2030. Indian profits ineligible for SEZ benefits are subject to corporate income tax at the rate of 34.6%. In addition, all Indian profits, including those generated within SEZs, are subject to the Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT), at the rate of 21.3%. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, the effect of the income tax holidays granted by the Indian government reduced the overall income tax provision and increased net income by approximately $1.7 million, $2.1 million. For the year ended 2015, there was no effect.
Amneal accounts for income tax contingencies using the benefit recognition model. Amneal will recognize a benefit if a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon audit, based solely on the technical merits. The benefit is measured by determining the amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement, presuming that the tax position is examined by the appropriate taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 Amneal did not have an accrual for uncertain tax positions. Further, Amneal did not recognize interest or penalties related to
 
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income tax during the period ended December 31, 2017 and did not accrue for interest or penalties as of December 31, 2017.
Amneal and our subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal, and various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. In India, income tax returns for fiscal years ending March 31, 2014 through March 31, 2016 are currently being reviewed by tax authorities as part of the normal procedures and Amneal is not expecting any material adjustments. There are no other income tax returns in the process of examination, administrative appeal, or litigation. Income tax returns are generally subject to examination for a period of 3 years, 5 years, and 2 years after the tax year in India, Switzerland, and United Kingdom, respectively.
Applicable foreign taxes (including withholding taxes) have not been provided on the approximately $51.5 million of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries as at December 31, 2017. These earnings have been and currently are considered to be indefinitely reinvested. Quantification of additional taxes that may be payable on distribution is not practicable.
Amneal continuously monitors government proposals to make changes to tax laws, including the potential for comprehensive tax reform in the United States and proposed legislation in certain foreign jurisdictions resulting from the adoption of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (“OECD”) policies. On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was enacted in the United States, which significantly reforms U.S. tax legislation (refer to Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies). If legislative changes are enacted in other countries, any of these proposals may include increasing or decreasing existing statutory tax rates. A change in statutory tax rates in any country would result in the revaluation of Amneal’s deferred tax assets and liabilities related to that particular jurisdiction in the period in which the new tax law is enacted. The statutory tax rate in the United Kingdom was reduced through legislation enacted in 2015 and 2016. The net effects of these changes were a benefit of approximately $97,000 and $91,000, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015.
 
17.	Related-Party Transactions	
Amneal has various business agreements with certain third-party companies in which there is some common ownership and/or management between those entities, on the one hand, and Amneal, on the other hand. Amneal has no direct ownership or management in any of such related party companies. The related party relationships that generated income and or expense in the respective reporting period are described below.
Kanan, LLC
Kanan, LLC (“Kanan”) is an independent real estate company which owns Amneal’s manufacturing facilities located at 65 Readington Road, Branchburg, New Jersey, 131 Chambers Brook Road, Branchburg, New Jersey and 1 New England Avenue, Piscataway, New Jersey. Amneal leases these facilities from Kanan under two separate triple-net lease agreements that expire in 2027 and 2031, respectively, at an annual rental cost of approximately $2.0 million combined, subject to CPI rent escalation adjustments as provided in the lease agreements. Rent expense to the related party for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $2.0 million.
AE Companies, LLC
AE Companies, LLC (“AE LLC”) is an independent company which provides certain shared services and corporate type functions to a number of independent entities with respect to which, from time to time, Amneal conducts business. Amneal has ongoing professional service agreements with AE LLC for administrative and research and development services. The total amount of income earned from these agreements for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $0.8 million, and for both of the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $1.1 million. At December 31, 2016, receivables of $0.2 million were due from the related party.
 
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Asana Biosciences, LLC
Asana Biosciences, LLC (“Asana”) is an early stage drug discovery and R&D company focusing on several therapeutic areas, including oncology, pain and inflammation. In July 2014, Amneal entered into a sublease agreement with Asana for a portion of its corporate office space in Bridgewater, NJ. The sublease was for ten years with annual base rent of $0.1 million, subject to CPI increases. The sublease terminated by mutual agreement in August 2016. Rental income from the related-party sublease for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were $53,000 and $84,000, respectively.
Industrial Real Estate Holdings NY, LLC
Industrial Real Estate Holdings NY, LLC (“IRE”) is an independent real estate management entity which, among other activities, is the landlord of Amneal’s leased manufacturing facilities located at 75 and 85 Adams Avenue, Hauppauge, New York. The lease at 85 Adams Avenue expired in March 2017 while the lease for 75 Adams Avenue expires in March 2021. Rent expense paid to the related party for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $1.1 million, $1.4 million, and $1.5 million, respectively.
Kashiv Pharmaceuticals LLC
Kashiv Pharmaceuticals LLC (“Kashiv”) is an independent contract development organization focused primarily on the development of 505(b) (2) NDA products. Amneal has various business agreements with Kashiv. In May 2013, Amneal entered into a sublease agreement with Kashiv for a portion of one of its research and development facilities. The sublease automatically renews annually if not terminated and has an annual base rent of $1.8 million. Rental income from the related-party sublease for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $1.9 million, and for both of the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $1.8 million. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, receivables of $10.4 million and $0.4 million were due from the related party, respectively.
Amneal has also entered into various development and commercialization arrangements with Kashiv to collaborate on the development and commercialization of certain generic pharmaceutical products. Kashiv receives a percentage of net profits with respect to Amneal’s sales of these products. The total profit share paid to Kashiv for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $10.3 million and $5.3 million, respectively. At December 31, 2017 and 2016 payables of $0.6 million and $4.3 million, respectively, were due to the related party for royalty-related transactions.
In June 2017, Amneal and Kashiv entered a product acquisition and royalty stream purchase agreement (refer to Note 3. Acquisitions and Divestitures). The aggregate purchase price was $25 million on the closing, which has been paid, plus two potential future $5 million earn outs related to the Estradiol Product. The contingent earn outs will be recorded in the period in which they are earned.
Pursuant to a product development agreement, Amneal and Kashiv agreed to collaborate on the development and commercialization of Oxycodone HCI ER Oral Tablets. Under the agreement, this product is owned by Kashiv, with Amneal acting as the exclusive marketing partner and as Kashiv’s agent for filing the product ANDA. Under the agreement, Amneal was also responsible for assuming control of and managing all aspects of the patent litigation arising from the filing of the ANDA, including selecting counsel and settling such proceeding (subject to Kashiv’s consent). In December 2017, Amneal and Kashiv terminated the product development agreement and pursuant to the termination and settlement of the agreement, Kashiv agreed to pay Amneal $7.8 million, an amount equal to the legal costs incurred by Amneal related to the defense of the ANDA. The $7.8 million was recorded within Development contract settlement in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2017 and Related-party receivables in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2017. The cash payment was received in February 2018.
 
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Adello Biologics, LLC
Adello Biologics, LLC (“Adello”) is an independent clinical stage company engaged in the development of biosimilar pharmaceutical products. Amneal and Adello are parties to a master services agreement pursuant to which, from time to time, Amneal provides human resources & product quality assurance services on behalf of Adello. The parties are also party to a license agreement for parking spaces in Piscataway, NJ. The total amount of net expense paid to Adello from these agreements for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $98,000 and $67,000, respectively. The total amount of net income from Adello from these agreements for the period ended December 31, 2015 was $0.2 million. The receivable at December 31, 2016 was $0.3 million.
In March 2017, Amneal entered into a product development agreement with Adello. The collaboration extended the remaining development process to Adello for a complex generic product, while Amneal retained its commercial rights upon approval. Pursuant to the agreement, Adello paid Amneal $10 million for reimbursement of past development costs, which Amneal deferred as a liability and will pay royalties upon commercialization.
In October 2017, Amneal and Adello terminated their product development agreement. Pursuant to the termination agreement, Amneal owed Adello $10.5 million for the up-front payment plus interest. This amount was paid in January 2018 and recognized as a related-party payable in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2017.
On October 1, 2017, Amneal and Adello entered into a license and commercialization agreement (refer to Note 3. Acquisitions and Divestitures). In connection with the agreement, Amneal paid an upfront amount of $1.5 million in October 2017 which was recorded within Research and development expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Income. The agreement also provides for potential future milestone payments to Adello.
In October 2017, Amneal purchased a building from Adello in Ireland to further support its inhalation dosage form. Amneal issued a promissory note for 12.5 million euros ($14.7 million based on exchange rate as of December 31, 2017) which accrues interest at a rate of 2% per annum, due on or before July 1, 2019.
PharmaSophia, LLC
PharmaSophia, LLC (“PharmaSophia”) is a joint venture formed by Nava Pharma, LLC (“Nava”) and Oakwood Laboratories, LLC for the purpose of developing certain products. Currently PharmaSophia is actively developing two injectable products. PharmaSophia and Nava are parties to a research and development agreement pursuant to which Nava provides research and development services to PharmaSophia. Nava subcontracted this obligation to Amneal, entering into a subcontract research and development services agreement pursuant to which Amneal provides research and development services to Nava in connection with the products being developed by PharmaSophia. The total amount of income earned from these agreements for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $0.3 million. At December 31, 2017 and 2016 receivables of $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, were due from the related party.
Gemini Laboratories, LLC
Gemini Laboratories, LLC (“Gemini”) is an independent specialty pharmaceuticals company focused on promoting niche branded products to endocrinologists, pediatricians, OB/GYNs and other specialist physicians. Gemini also engages in the wholesale distribution of generic pharmaceuticals to compounding pharmacies and to directly dispensing physicians, and promotes and distributes certain branded or quasi-branded products. Gemini predominantly sells products through branded wholesalers and certain compounding pharmacies and partners that service directly dispensing physicians. Amneal and Gemini are parties to various agreements. Total gross profit earned from the sale of inventory to Gemini for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $2.6 million and $16.0 million, respectively. The total profit share paid by Gemini for the years ended December 31, 2017,
 
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2016 and 2015 was $11.5 million, $14.9 million, and $22.1 million, respectively. At December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, receivables of $4.6 million and $4.8 million were due from the related party, respectively, for profit share earned. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, receivables of $1.1 million and $5.2 million, respectively, were due from the related party from the purchase of inventory.
 
18.	Commitments and Contingencies	
Commitments
Commercial Manufacturing, Collaboration, License, and Distribution Agreements
Amneal continues to seek to enhance its product line and develop a balanced portfolio of differentiated products through product acquisitions and in-licensing. Accordingly, Amneal, in certain instances, may be contractually obligated to make potential future development, regulatory, and commercial milestone, royalty and/or profit sharing payments in conjunction with collaborative agreements or acquisitions that Amneal has entered into with third parties. Amneal has also licensed certain technologies or intellectual property from various third parties. Amneal is generally required to make upfront payments as well as other payments upon successful completion of regulatory or sales milestones. The agreements generally permit Amneal to terminate the agreement with no significant continuing obligation. The payments that could be required to be made pursuant to these other arrangements are not individually significant. These payments are contingent upon the occurrence of certain future events and, given the nature of these events, it is unclear when, if ever, Amneal may be required to pay such amounts. Further, the timing of any future payment is not reasonably estimable.
Contingencies
Amneal’s legal proceedings are complex, constantly evolving and subject to uncertainty. As such, Amneal cannot predict the outcome or impact of the legal proceedings set forth below. While Amneal believes it has valid claims and/or defenses to the matters described below, the nature of litigation is unpredictable and the outcome of the following proceedings could include damages, fines, penalties and injunctive or administrative remedies. For any proceedings where losses are probable and reasonably capable of estimation, Amneal has accrued for such potential loss as described below. While these accruals have been deemed reasonable by Amneal’s management, the assessment process relies heavily on estimates and assumptions that may ultimately prove inaccurate or incomplete. Additionally, unforeseen circumstances or events may lead Amneal to subsequently change its estimates and assumptions. Unless otherwise indicated below, Amneal is at this time unable to estimate the possible loss, if any, associated with such litigation.
Amneal currently intends to vigorously prosecute and/or defend these proceedings as appropriate. From time to time, however, Amneal may settle or otherwise resolve these matters on terms and conditions that it believes to be in its best interest. Resolution of any or all claims, legal proceedings or investigations could have a material adverse effect on Amneal’s results of operations and/or cash flow in any given accounting period, or on Amneal’s overall financial condition.
Legal Contract Settlement
In December 2016, Amneal entered into an agreement with a former development partner to settle a contract dispute. The total amount of the settlement is $2.8 million and is recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses and in Accrued expenses and other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2016. Amneal paid the settlement amount in 2017.
Medicaid Reimbursement Accrual
Amneal is required to provide pricing information to state agencies that administer federal Medicaid programs.
 
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Certain states agencies have alleged that manufacturers have reported improper pricing information, which allegedly caused them to overpay reimbursement costs. Reserves are periodically established by Amneal for any potential claims or settlements of overpayment. Although Amneal intends to vigorously defend against any such claims, Amneal recognized a $15 million accrual during 2014 to provide for any potential penalties. The ultimate settlement of any such potential liability for such claims may be higher or lower than estimated. Amneal believes that all such contingencies are adequately accrued for in the consolidated financial statements for each year presented.
Patent Defense Matters
Amneal is a defendant in a patent infringement action, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. v. Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware. The complaint was filed on March 20, 2015, and involves Amneal’s filing of an ANDA for a generic alternative to Merck’s Nasonex ® product. The District Court trial was completed on June 22, 2016. The court issued an opinion finding that Amneal’s proposed generic product did not infringe the asserted patent. Merck filed an appeal of that decision with the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit which remains pending. Amneal launched its generic version of the product on April 5, 2017, prior to the rendering of an appellate court decision, and continues to sell the product as of the date of this combined proxy statement/prospectus. Amneal believes that it has substantial meritorious defenses to the claims alleged. However, these actions, if successful, could adversely affect Amneal and could have a material adverse effect on Amneal’s business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Amneal is a defendant in a patent infringement action, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. v. Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, et al., in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey. The first complaint was filed on March 2, 2015, and involves Amneal’s filing of an ANDA for a generic alternative to Otsuka’s Abilify ® tablet product. Otsuka filed an appeal with the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit related to rulings from the District Court regarding some of the patents-in-suit. The District Court has not yet set a trial date for the remaining patents-in-suit. Amneal, like a number of other generic manufacturers, has launched its generic version of Otsuka’s Abilify ® “at-risk,” prior to the rendering of an appellate court decision, and continues to sell the product as of the date hereof. Amneal believes that it has substantial meritorious defenses to the claims alleged. However, these actions, if successful, could adversely affect Amneal and could have a material adverse effect on Amneal’s business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Antitrust Litigation
Amneal is a defendant in a class action anti-trust action, Sergeants Benevolent Association Health & Welfare Fund v. Actavis, PLC, et. al., in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. The complaint was filed on August 19, 2015, and involves patent litigation settlement agreements between Amneal and Forest Laboratories. Amneal was one of a number of pharmaceutical companies named in the lawsuit. The settlement agreement at issue settled the patent litigation between Forest Laboratories and Amneal regarding Namenda © immediate release tablets. On September 13, 2016, the court denied the defendants’ motion to dismiss with respect to the federal claims and stayed the state law claims pending against Amneal and the other generic pharmaceutical company defendants until the federal claims are resolved. The court denied the defendants’ motion to dismiss with respect to the state law claims without prejudice to renew the motion after the federal claims have been resolved. The court cited the interests of judicial economy and the myriad state antitrust and unfair business practices laws as the basis for severing the state law claims and placing them on the court’s inactive docket. The court’s decision places the entirety of the claims pending against Anneal and the other generic pharmaceutical companies on the court’s inactive docket, which effectively stays the litigation as to Amneal until the federal claims are resolved or until the court removes those claims from its inactive docket. Amneal believes that it has substantial meritorious defenses to the claims alleged. However, these actions, if successful, could adversely affect Amneal and could have a material adverse effect on Amneal’s business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
 
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From time to time, Amneal may become subject to other legal proceedings, claims or litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. In addition, Amneal may receive letters alleging infringement of patents or other IP rights. If an unfavorable outcome were to occur in litigation, the impact could be material to Amneal’s business, financial condition, cash flow or results of operations, depending on the specific circumstances of the outcome.
Legal Settlement Gain
In December 2015, Amneal filed an anti-competitive claim against the innovator of Suboxone, a combination of active pharmaceutical ingredients Buprenorphine and Naloxone. The claim alleged anti-competitive conduct involving three kinds of activity which were closely related to delay generic entry and, in the meantime, to convert patients to another dosage form not subject to generic competition. As a result of these alleged anticompetitive activities, Amneal lost profits since it was restricted from entering the market to sell its generic version.
In July 2017, Amneal entered into a settlement with the innovator for $25 million, which was received in cash in August 2017. Amneal recorded a net legal settlement gain of $21.5 million, net of legal fees for the year ended December 31, 2017.
 
19.	Employee Benefit Plan	
Amneal sponsors a defined contribution retirement plan. Substantially all of Amneal’s employees are eligible to be enrolled in the employer-sponsored contributory retirement savings plan, which include features under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and provides for company matching contributions. Amneal’s contributions to the plan are determined by its Board of Directors subject to certain minimum requirements as specified in the plan. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, Amneal made matching contributions of 50% of employee contributions up to a maximum of 6% of employee compensation, equal to $2.6 million, $2.1 million, and $1.5 million, respectively.
 
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 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders
Impax Laboratories, Inc.:
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Impax Laboratories, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive (loss) income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes and the consolidated financial statement schedule, “Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts” (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated March 1, 2018 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ KPMG LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2011.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
March 1, 2018
 
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 IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

 	  	December 31,
2017	 	 	December 31,
2016	 	
Assets	  				 				
Current assets:	  				 				
Cash and cash equivalents	  	$	181,778	 	 	$	180,133	 	
Accounts receivable, net	  	 	240,753	 	 	 	257,368	 	
Inventory, net	  	 	158,471	 	 	 	175,230	 	
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	  	 	21,086	 	 	 	14,897	 	
Income tax receivable	  	 	61,201	 	 	 	3,513	 	
Assets held for sale	  	 	32,266	 	 	 	—  	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current assets	  	 	695,555	 	 	 	631,141	 	
Property, plant and equipment, net	  	 	124,813	 	 	 	233,372	 	
Intangible assets, net	  	 	262,467	 	 	 	620,466	 	
Goodwill	  	 	207,329	 	 	 	207,329	 	
Deferred income taxes, net	  	 	—  	 	 	 	69,866	 	
Other non-current assets	  	 	61,136	 	 	 	60,844	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total assets	  	$	1,351,300	 	 	$	1,823,018	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	  				 				
Current liabilities:	  				 				
Accounts payable	  	$	81,093	 	 	$	58,952	 	
Accrued expenses	  	 	248,127	 	 	 	244,653	 	
Liabilities held for sale	  	 	7,170	 	 	 	—  	 	
Current portion of long-term debt, net	  	 	17,848	 	 	 	17,719	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current liabilities	  	 	354,238	 	 	 	321,324	 	
Long-term debt, net	  	 	769,524	 	 	 	813,545	 	
Deferred income taxes	  	 	3,226	 	 	 	—  	 	
Other non-current liabilities	  	 	37,111	 	 	 	64,175	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total liabilities	  	 	1,164,099	 	 	 	1,199,044	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commitments and contingencies (Note 18)	  				 				
Stockholders’ equity:	  				 				
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized; No shares issued or outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized; 74,234,076 issued and 73,990,347 outstanding shares at December 31, 2017; 73,948,340 issued and 73,704,611 outstanding shares at December 31, 2016	  	 	742	 	 	 	739	 	
Treasury stock at cost: 243,729 shares at December 31, 2017 and 2016	  	 	(2,157	) 	 	 	(2,157	) 	
Additional paid-in capital	  	 	559,632	 	 	 	535,056	 	
Retained (deficit) earnings	  	 	(372,445	) 	 	 	98,192	 	
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	  	 	1,429	 	 	 	(7,856	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total stockholders’ equity	  	 	187,201	 	 	 	623,974	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	  	$	1,351,300	 	 	$	1,823,018	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
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 IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Revenues:	  				 				 				
Impax Generics, net	  	$	549,077	 	 	$	606,320	 	 	$	710,932	 	
Impax Specialty Pharma, net	  	 	226,710	 	 	 	218,109	 	 	 	149,537	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total revenues, net	  	 	775,787	 	 	 	824,429	 	 	 	860,469	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cost of revenues	  	 	535,123	 	 	 	486,899	 	 	 	500,762	 	
Cost of revenues impairment charges	  	 	96,865	 	 	 	488,632	 	 	 	7,303	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Gross profit (loss)	  	 	143,799	 	 	 	(151,102	) 	 	 	352,404	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating expenses:	  				 				 				
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	216,270	 	 	 	201,830	 	 	 	201,287	 	
Research and development	  	 	80,847	 	 	 	80,466	 	 	 	70,622	 	
In-process research and development impairment charges	  	 	192,809	 	 	 	52,965	 	 	 	6,360	 	
Fixed asset impairment charges	  	 	82,508	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	  	 	(31,048	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Patent litigation	  	 	5,105	 	 	 	7,819	 	 	 	4,567	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total operating expenses	  	 	546,491	 	 	 	343,080	 	 	 	282,836	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
(Loss) income from operations	  	 	(402,692	) 	 	 	(494,182	) 	 	 	69,568	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other income (expense):	  				 				 				
Interest expense, net	  	 	(53,412	) 	 	 	(40,419	) 	 	 	(26,226	) 	
Reserve for Turing receivable	  	 	(3,999	) 	 	 	(40,312	) 	 	 	—  	 	
Gain on sale of assets	  	 	17,236	 	 	 	175	 	 	 	45,574	 	
Loss on debt extinguishment	  	 	(1,215	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(16,903	) 	
Net change in fair value of derivatives	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(13,000	) 	
Other, net	  	 	(6,879	) 	 	 	(1,587	) 	 	 	355	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
(Loss) income before income taxes	  	 	(450,961	) 	 	 	(576,325	) 	 	 	59,368	 	
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes	  	 	18,326	 	 	 	(104,294	) 	 	 	20,371	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net (loss) income	  	$	(469,287	) 	 	$	(472,031	) 	 	$	38,997	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net (loss) income per common share:	  				 				 				
Basic	  	$	(6.53	) 	 	$	(6.63	) 	 	$	0.56	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Diluted	  	$	(6.53	) 	 	$	(6.63	) 	 	$	0.54	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:	  				 				 				
Basic	  	 	71,856,950	 	 	 	71,147,397	 	 	 	69,640,417	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Diluted	  	 	71,856,950	 	 	 	71,147,397	 	 	 	72,027,344	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
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 IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
(In thousands)

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Net (loss) income	  	$	(469,287	) 	 	$	(472,031	) 	 	$	38,997	 	
Other comprehensive (loss) income component:	  				 				 				
Currency translation adjustments	  	 	9,285	 	 	 	2,607	 	 	 	(4,454	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive (loss) income	  	$	(460,002	) 	 	$	(469,424	) 	 	$	34,543	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
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 IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands)

 	 	Common Stock	 	 	 	 	 	Additional
Paid-in
Capital	 	 	 	 	 	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Number
of Shares	 	 	Par
Value	 	 	Treasury
Stock	 	 			 	Retained
(deficit)
Earnings	 	 			 	Total	 	
Balance, December 31, 2014	 	 	71,228	 	 	$	714	 	 	$	(2,157	) 	 	$	364,103	 	 	$	531,226	 	 	$	(6,009	) 	 	$	887,877	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	38,997	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	38,997	 	
Other comprehensive loss:	 				 				 				 				 				 				 				
Currency translation adjustment	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(4,454	) 	 	 	(4,454	) 	
Exercises of stock options, issuances of restricted stock and sales of common stock under ESPP	 	 	1,698	 	 	 	15	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(3,533	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(3,518	) 	
Share-based compensation	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	28,613	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	28,613	 	
Sale of warrants	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	88,320	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	88,320	 	
Reclassification of derivatives to equity, net of related taxes	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	21,038	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	21,038	 	
Tax benefit related to exercises of stock options and vestings of restricted stock	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	5,536	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	5,536	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance, December 31, 2015	 	 	72,926	 	 	 	729	 	 	 	(2,157	) 	 	 	504,077	 	 	 	570,223	 	 	 	(10,463	) 	 	 	1,062,409	 	
	 				 				 				 				 				 				 	 	 	 	
Net loss	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(472,031	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(472,031	) 	
Other comprehensive income:	 				 				 				 				 				 				 				
Currency translation adjustment	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	2,607	 	 	 	2,607	 	
Exercises of stock options, issuances of restricted stock and sales of common stock under ESPP	 	 	1,022	 	 	 	10	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(612	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(602	) 	
Share-based compensation	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	32,180	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	32,180	 	
Tax benefit related to exercises of stock options and vestings of restricted stock	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(589	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(589	) 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance, December 31, 2016	 	 	73,948	 	 	 	739	 	 	 	(2,157	) 	 	 	535,056	 	 	 	98,192	 	 	 	(7,856	) 	 	 	623,974	 	
	 				 				 				 				 				 				 	 	 	 	
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle (Note 3)	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	1,350	 	 	 	(1,350	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Net loss	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(469,287	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(469,287	) 	
Other comprehensive income:	 				 				 				 				 				 				 				
Currency translation adjustment	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	9,285	 	 	 	9,285	 	
Exercises of stock options, issuances of restricted stock and sales of common stock under ESPP	 	 	286	 	 	 	3	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(2,855	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(2,852	) 	
Share-based compensation	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	26,258	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	26,258	 	
Other	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(177	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(177	) 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance, December 31, 2017	 	 	74,234	 	 	$	742	 	 	$	(2,157	) 	 	$	559,632	 	 	$	(372,445	) 	 	$	1,429	 	 	$	187,201	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
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 IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Cash flows from operating activities:	  				 				 				
Net (loss) income	  	$	(469,287	) 	 	$	(472,031	) 	 	$	38,997	 	
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities:	  				 				 				
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	109,449	 	 	 	88,348	 	 	 	68,637	 	
Non-cash interest expense	  	 	25,950	 	 	 	22,845	 	 	 	11,230	 	
Share-based compensation expense	  	 	26,258	 	 	 	32,180	 	 	 	28,613	 	
Deferred income taxes, net and uncertain tax positions	  	 	74,873	 	 	 	(127,405	) 	 	 	(29,558	) 	
Intangible asset impairment charges	  	 	289,674	 	 	 	541,597	 	 	 	13,664	 	
Reserve for Turing receivable	  	 	3,999	 	 	 	40,312	 	 	 	—  	 	
Fixed asset impairment charges	  	 	82,508	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Gain on sale of assets	  	 	(17,236	) 	 	 	(175	) 	 	 	(45,574	) 	
Loss on debt extinguishment	  	 	1,215	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	16,903	 	
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	  	 	(31,048	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Net change in fair value of derivatives	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	13,000	 	
Recognition of deferred revenue	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(4,310	) 	
Other	  	 	(1,018	) 	 	 	2,853	 	 	 	(81	) 	
Changes in certain assets and liabilities:	  				 				 				
Accounts receivable	  	 	12,552	 	 	 	26,771	 	 	 	(121,110	) 	
Inventory	  	 	6,650	 	 	 	(45,561	) 	 	 	(14,035	) 	
Prepaid expenses and other assets	  	 	(65,576	) 	 	 	(573	) 	 	 	9,330	 	
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	  	 	32,377	 	 	 	(27,949	) 	 	 	107,402	 	
Other liabilities	  	 	2,882	 	 	 	2,638	 	 	 	(656	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by operating activities	  	 	84,222	 	 	 	83,850	 	 	 	92,452	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash flows from investing activities:	  				 				 				
Payment for business acquisition (net of cash acquired)	  	 	(121	) 	 	 	(585,800	) 	 	 	(691,348	) 	
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	  	 	(26,749	) 	 	 	(49,402	) 	 	 	(25,199	) 	
Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment	  	 	9,111	 	 	 	1,360	 	 	 	—  	 	
Payments for licensing agreements	  	 	(50	) 	 	 	(3,500	) 	 	 	(5,850	) 	
Investment in cash surrender value of insurance	  	 	(4,750	) 	 	 	(4,750	) 	 	 	(4,750	) 	
Proceeds from cash surrender value of insurance	  	 	529	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Proceeds from repayment of Tolmar loan	  	 	—  	 	 	 	15,000	 	 	 	—  	 	
Proceeds from sale of intangible assets	  	 	12,350	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	59,546	 	
Maturities of short-term investments	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	200,064	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash used in investing activities	  	 	(9,680	) 	 	 	(627,092	) 	 	 	(467,537	) 	

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IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Cash flows from financing activities:	  				 				 				
Proceeds from sale of convertible notes	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	600,000	 	
Proceeds from issuance of term loan	  	 	—  	 	 	 	400,000	 	 	 	435,000	 	
Repayment of term loan	  	 	(70,000	) 	 	 	(5,000	) 	 	 	(435,000	) 	
Payment of deferred financing fees	  	 	(818	) 	 	 	(11,867	) 	 	 	(36,941	) 	
Purchase of bond hedge derivative asset	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(147,000	) 	
Proceeds from sale of warrants	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	88,320	 	
Payment of withholding taxes related to restricted stock awards	  	 	(4,231	) 	 	 	(9,842	) 	 	 	(14,990	) 	
Proceeds from exercises of stock options and ESPP	  	 	1,379	 	 	 	9,239	 	 	 	11,472	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	  	 	(73,670	) 	 	 	382,530	 	 	 	500,861	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	  	 	773	 	 	 	494	 	 	 	(298	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	  	 	1,645	 	 	 	(160,218	) 	 	 	125,478	 	
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year	  	 	180,133	 	 	 	340,351	 	 	 	214,873	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year	  	$	181,778	 	 	$	180,133	 	 	$	340,351	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:	  				 				 				
Cash paid for interest	  	$	28,374	 	 	$	18,139	 	 	$	15,365	 	
Cash paid for income taxes, net	  	$	2,928	 	 	$	23,053	 	 	$	43,223	 	
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activity:	  				 				 				
Fair value of contingent consideration issued in business acquisition	  	$	—  	 	 	$	30,100	 	 	$	—  	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
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 IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Operating and Reporting Structure
Impax Laboratories, Inc. (“Impax” or the “Company”) is a specialty pharmaceutical company that focuses on developing, manufacturing, marketing and distributing generic and branded pharmaceutical products. The Company has two reportable segments, referred to as “Impax Generics” and “Impax Specialty Pharma.” The Impax Generics division includes the Company’s legacy Global Pharmaceuticals business as well as the acquired businesses from the Company’s acquisition of Tower Holdings, Inc. (“Tower”) and its subsidiaries on March 9, 2015 (the “Tower Acquisition”).
The Impax Generics division focuses on a broad range of therapeutic areas, including products having technically challenging drug-delivery mechanisms or unique product formulations. In addition to developing solid oral dosage products, the Impax Generics division’s portfolio includes alternative dosage form products, primarily through alliance and collaboration agreements with third parties. Impax Generics develops, manufactures, sells, and distributes generic pharmaceutical products primarily through the following four sales channels: the “Impax Generics” sales channel, for generic pharmaceutical prescription products the Company sells directly to wholesalers, large retail drug chains, and others; the “Private Label” sales channel, for generic pharmaceutical over-the-counter (“OTC”) and prescription products the Company sells to unrelated third-party customers who, in turn, sell the product to third parties under their own label; the “Rx Partner” sales channel, for generic prescription products sold through unrelated third-party pharmaceutical entities under their own label pursuant to alliance agreements; and the “OTC Partner” sales channel, for generic pharmaceutical OTC products sold through unrelated third-party pharmaceutical entities under their own labels pursuant to alliance and supply agreements. Revenues from generic products are reported under the caption “Impax Generics, net.”
The Impax Specialty Pharma division includes the legacy Impax Pharmaceuticals business as well as the acquired business of Amedra Pharmaceuticals, LLC (“Amedra”) from the Tower Acquisition. The Company’s Impax Specialty Pharma division is focused on the development and promotion, through the Company’s specialty sales force, of proprietary branded pharmaceutical products for the treatment of central nervous system (“CNS”) disorders and other select specialty segments. Impax Specialty Pharma currently has one internally developed branded pharmaceutical product, Rytary ® (IPX066), an extended release oral capsule formulation of carbidopa-levodopa for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, post-encephalitic parkinsonism, and parkinsonism that may follow carbon monoxide intoxication and/or manganese intoxication, which was approved by the FDA on January 7, 2015 and which the Company began marketing in the United States (“U.S.”) in April 2015. The Company received marketing authorization from the European Commission for Numient ® (the brand name of IPX066 outside of the United States) during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2015. In addition to Rytary ® , Impax Specialty Pharma is also currently engaged in the sale and distribution of four other branded products; the more significant include Zomig ® (zolmitriptan) products, indicated for the treatment of migraine headaches, under the terms of a Distribution, License, Development and Supply Agreement with AstraZeneca UK Limited (“AstraZeneca”) in the United States and in certain U.S. territories (as amended, the “AZ Agreement”), and Emverm ® (mebendazole) 100 mg chewable tablets, indicated for the treatment of pinworm, whipworm, common roundworm, common hookworm, and American hookworm in single or mixed infections. Revenues from branded products are reported under the caption “Impax Specialty Pharma sales, net.” Impax Specialty Pharma also has a number of product candidates that are in varying stages of development. See “Note 20. Segment Information,” for financial information about our segments for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.
Operating Locations
As of December 31, 2017, the Company owned and/or leased facilities in California, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Taiwan, Republic of China (“R.O.C.”). In California, the Company utilizes a combination of owned
 
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and leased facilities mainly located in Hayward. The Company’s primary properties in California consist of a leased office building used as the Company’s corporate headquarters, in addition to four properties it owns, including a research and development center facility and a manufacturing facility. Additionally, the Company leases two facilities in Hayward, utilized for additional research and development, equipment storage and quality assurance support. In Pennsylvania, the Company leases office space for sales and marketing, finance, and administrative personnel in Fort Washington. In New Jersey, the Company leases manufacturing, packaging, research and development and warehousing facilities in Middlesex and office space in Bridgewater.
During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company closed its Middlesex, New Jersey manufacturing facility and on February 6, 2018, we completed the sale of Impax Laboratories (Taiwan), Inc. (“Impax Taiwan”) through a stock and purchase agreement.
Business Combination with Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC
On October 17, 2017, the Company entered into a Business Combination Agreement (the “Business Combination Agreement”) with Atlas Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“Holdco”), K2 Merger Sub Corporation, a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Holdco (“Merger Sub”), and Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC (“Amneal”). The Business Combination Agreement was unanimously approved by the board of directors of the Company on October 16, 2017. Consummation of the Transactions is subject to customary closing conditions, including, among other things, the approval of the Company’s stockholders holding a majority of the outstanding Company Common Stock entitled to vote. The Company and Amneal expect the merger to close in the first half of 2018. However, the Company cannot predict with certainty when, or if, the merger will be completed because completion of the merger is subject to conditions beyond the control of the Company.
At the closing (the “Closing”) of the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement (the “Transactions”), (i) Merger Sub will merge with and into the Company (the “Impax Merger”), with the Company surviving the Impax Merger as a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Holdco, (ii) each share of the Company’s common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Impax Merger, other than Company Common Stock held by the Company in treasury, by Amneal or by any of their respective subsidiaries, will be converted into the right to receive one fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A common stock of Holdco, (“Holdco Class A Common Stock”), (iii) the Company will convert to a limited liability company pursuant to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware and the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, (iv) Holdco will contribute to Amneal all of Holdco’s equity interests in the Company to Amneal, in exchange for common units of Amneal, (v) Holdco will issue an aggregate number of shares of Class B common stock of Holdco, par value $0.01 per share (“Holdco Class B Common Stock”, and together with Holdco Class A Common Stock, “Holdco Common Stock”) to the existing members of Amneal (the Existing “Amneal Members”) and (vi) Holdco will become the managing member of Amneal. Upon closing of the transactions, the combination will be accounted for as a business combination under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805, “ Business Combinations ,” with Amneal treated as the “acquirer” and Impax treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. In connection with the Closing, Holdco will be renamed Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“New Amneal”).
Immediately following the Closing, (i) the Existing Amneal Members will hold 100% of Holdco Class B Common Stock, which, together with their common units of Amneal, will represent approximately 75% of the voting power and economic interests in New Amneal, and (ii) the Company’s stockholders immediately prior to the Closing will hold 100% of the Holdco Class A Common Stock, which will represent approximately 25% of the voting power and economic interests in New Amneal.
Consummation of the Transactions is subject to customary closing conditions, including, among other things, (i) the approval of the Company’s stockholders holding a majority of the outstanding Company Common
 
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Stock entitled to vote (the “Requisite Stockholder Approval”), (ii) expiration of the applicable waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, and (iii) NYSE listing approval for Holdco Class A Common Stock. The obligation to consummate the Transactions is also conditioned upon each party’s representations and warranties being true and correct (subject to certain materiality exceptions) and each party having performed in all material respects its obligations under the Business Combination Agreement.
The Business Combination Agreement contains customary and reciprocal representations and warranties of the Company and Amneal, many of which are subject to and qualified by materiality qualifiers. The Company and Amneal have also made customary covenants in the Business Combination Agreement regarding the operation of their respective businesses and the businesses of their respective subsidiaries in the ordinary course prior to the Closing.
The Business Combination Agreement also contains a customary “no shop” covenant prohibiting the Company from soliciting proposals for alternative proposals to acquire the Company, or providing information or participating in any discussions in connection with any such proposals. However, prior to adoption of the Business Combination Agreement by the Company’s stockholders, the Board may, in the exercise of its fiduciary duties, (i) withhold, withdraw, qualify or modify its recommendation that the Company’s stockholders adopt the Business Combination Agreement in connection with certain intervening events, or (ii) terminate the Business Combination Agreement to enter into an agreement in connection with an alternative proposal to acquire the Company that is more favorable to the Company’s stockholders from a financial point of view than the Transactions (a “Superior Proposal”), in each case, subject to complying with certain notice and other specified requirements, including giving Amneal the opportunity to propose revisions to the terms of the Transactions and the payment of the Termination Fee (as defined below).
Consummation of the Transactions is not subject to a financing condition. However, Amneal is required to use its reasonable best efforts to obtain financing to (i) fund repayment of the Company’s Notes and refinance the RBC Credit Facilities and (ii) refinance outstanding Amneal debt. The Company is required to use reasonable best efforts to provide cooperation in connection with the financing process.
The Business Combination Agreement may be terminated by each of the Company and Amneal under certain circumstances, including if the Closing does not occur on or before July 17, 2018 (the “Outside Date”). Amneal also has certain additional termination rights, including in connection with a change of the Impax Board’s recommendation that the Company’s stockholders adopt and approve the Business Combination Agreement. The Company is required to pay Amneal a termination fee of $45.0 million (the “Termination Fee”) in connection with such a termination by Amneal, as well as under certain other circumstances, including if the Business Combination Agreement is terminated by the Company in connection with a Superior Proposal (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement). Additionally, Amneal will be entitled to reimbursement for up to $15.0 million of its reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with the Business Combination Agreement and the Transactions if the Business Combination Agreement is terminated due to the failure to obtain the Requisite Stockholder Approval.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Principles of Consolidation
As of December 31, 2017, the consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of the operating parent company, Impax Laboratories, Inc., its wholly owned subsidiaries, including Impax Laboratories USA, LLC, Impax Laboratories (Taiwan), Inc., ThoRx Laboratories, Inc., Impax International Holdings, Inc., Impax Holdings, LLC, Impax Laboratories (Netherlands) C.V., Impax Laboratories (Netherlands) B.V., Impax Laboratories Ireland Limited, Atlas Holdings, Inc., Lineage and Tower, including operating subsidiaries CorePharma LLC, Amedra Pharmaceuticals LLC, Mountain LLC and Trail Services, Inc., and
 
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Prohealth Biotech (Taiwan), Inc. (“Prohealth”). The Company acquired all the issued and outstanding share capital in Prohealth on October 24, 2017 and previously held a 57.54% majority ownership interest in the entity prior to such date. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission (“SEC”) requires the use of estimates and assumptions, based on complex judgments considered reasonable, which affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and contingent liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant judgments are employed in estimates used in determining values of tangible and intangible assets, contingent consideration, legal contingencies, tax assets and tax liabilities, fair value of share-based compensation related to equity incentive awards issued to employees and directors, and estimates used in applying the Company’s revenue recognition policy, including those related to accrued chargebacks, rebates, product returns, Medicare, Medicaid, and other government rebate programs, shelf-stock adjustments, and the timing and amount of deferred and recognized revenue and deferred and amortized product manufacturing costs related to alliance and collaboration agreements. Actual results may differ from estimated results.
Reclassifications
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the presentation for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue when the earnings process is complete, which under SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, Topic No. 13, “Revenue Recognition” (“SAB 104”), is when revenue is realized or realizable and earned, there is persuasive evidence a revenue arrangement exists, delivery of goods or services has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured.
The Company accounts for material revenue arrangements which contain multiple deliverables in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 605-25, Revenue Recognition—Multiple Element Arrangements (“ASC 605-25”), which addresses the determination of whether an arrangement involving multiple deliverables contains more than one unit of accounting. A delivered item within an arrangement is considered a separate unit of accounting only if both of the following criteria are met:
 
 	•	 	the delivered item has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis; and	
 
 	•	 	if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item, delivery or performance of the undelivered item is considered probable and substantially in the control of the vendor.	
Under ASC Topic 605-25, if both of the criteria above are not met, then separate accounting for the individual deliverables is not appropriate. Revenue recognition for arrangements with multiple deliverables constituting a single unit of accounting is recognized generally over the greater of the term of the arrangement or the expected period of performance, either on a straight-line basis or on a modified proportional performance method.
The Company accounts for milestones related to research and development activities in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 605-28, Revenue Recognition—Milestone Method (“ASC 605-28”). ASC Topic 605-28 allows for the recognition of consideration, which is contingent on the achievement of a substantive milestone, in its
 
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entirety in the period the milestone is achieved. A milestone is considered to be substantive if all of the following criteria are met:
 
 	•	 	the milestone is commensurate with either: (1) the performance required to achieve the milestone, or (2) the enhancement of the value of the delivered items resulting from the performance required to achieve the milestone;	
 
 	•	 	the milestone relates solely to past performance; and	
 
 	•	 	the milestone payment is reasonable relative to all of the deliverables and payment terms within the agreement.	
Impax Generics revenues, net, and Impax Specialty Pharma revenues, net
The Impax Generics revenues, net and Impax Specialty Pharma revenues, net include revenue recognized related to shipments of generic and branded pharmaceutical products to the Company’s customers, primarily drug wholesalers and retail chains. Gross sales revenue is recognized at the time title and risk of loss passes to the customer, which is generally when product is received by the customer. Net revenues may include deductions from the gross sales price related to estimates for chargebacks, rebates and administrative fees, distribution service fees, returns, shelf-stock adjustments, and other pricing adjustments. The Company records an estimate for these deductions in the same period when revenue is recognized. A description of each of these gross-to-net deductions follows.
 
•	 	Chargebacks	
The Company has agreements establishing contract prices for certain products with certain indirect customers, such as retail pharmacy chains, group purchasing organizations, managed care organizations, hospitals and government agencies who purchase products from drug wholesalers. The contract prices are lower than the prices the customer would otherwise pay to the wholesaler, and the price difference is referred to as a chargeback, which generally takes the form of a credit memo issued by the Company to reduce the invoiced gross selling price charged to the wholesaler. An estimated accrued provision for chargeback deductions is recognized at the time of product shipment. The primary factors considered when estimating the provision for chargebacks are the average historical chargeback credits given, the mix of products shipped, and the amount of inventory on hand at the major drug wholesalers with whom the Company does business. The Company also monitors actual chargebacks granted and compares them to the estimated provision for chargebacks to assess the reasonableness of the chargeback reserve at each quarterly balance sheet date.
 
•	 	Rebates and Administrative Fees	
The Company maintains various rebate and administrative fee programs with its customers in an effort to maintain a competitive position in the marketplace and to promote sales and customer loyalty. The rebates generally take the form of a credit memo to reduce the invoiced gross selling price charged to a customer for products shipped. An estimated accrued provision for rebate deductions is recognized at the time of product shipment. The primary factors the Company considers when estimating the provision for rebates are the average historical experience of aggregate credits issued, the mix of products shipped and the historical relationship of rebates as a percentage of total gross product sales, the contract terms and conditions of the various rebate programs in effect at the time of shipment, and the amount of inventory on hand at the major drug wholesalers with whom the Company does business. The Company also monitors actual rebates granted and compares them to the estimated provision for rebates to assess the reasonableness of the rebate reserve at each quarterly balance sheet date.
 
•	 	Distribution Service Fees	
The Company pays distribution service fees to several of its wholesaler customers related to sales of its Impax Products. The wholesalers are generally obligated to provide the Company with periodic outbound sales
 
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information as well as inventory levels of the Company’s Impax Products held in their warehouses. Additionally, the wholesalers have agreed to manage the variability of their purchases and inventory levels within specified days on hand limits. An accrued provision for distribution service fees is recognized at the time products are shipped to wholesalers.
 
•	 	Returns	
The Company allows its customers to return product if approved by authorized personnel in writing or by telephone with the lot number and expiration date accompanying any request and if such products are returned within six months prior to or until twelve months following, the product’s expiration date. The Company estimates and recognizes an accrued provision for product returns as a percentage of gross sales based upon historical experience. The product return reserve is estimated using a historical lag period, which is the time between when the product is sold and when it is ultimately returned, and estimated return rates which may be adjusted based on various assumptions including: changes to internal policies and procedures, business practices, commercial terms with customers, and the competitive position of each product; the amount of inventory in the wholesale and retail supply chain; the introduction of new products; and changes in market sales information. The Company also considers other factors, including significant market changes which may impact future expected returns, and actual product returns. The Company monitors actual returns on a quarterly basis and may record specific provisions for returns it believes are not covered by historical percentages.
 
•	 	Shelf-Stock Adjustments	
Based upon competitive market conditions, the Company may reduce the selling price of certain Impax Generics division products. The Company may issue a credit against the sales amount to a customer based upon their remaining inventory of the product in question, provided the customer agrees to continue to make future purchases of product from the Company. This type of customer credit is referred to as a shelf-stock adjustment, which is the difference between the initial sales price and the revised lower sales price, multiplied by an estimate of the number of product units on hand at a given date. Decreases in selling prices are discretionary decisions made by the Company in response to market conditions, including estimated launch dates of competing products and declines in market price. The Company records an estimate for shelf-stock adjustments in the period it agrees to grant such a credit memo to a customer.
 
•	 	Cash Discounts	
The Company offers cash discounts to its customers, generally 2% to 3% of the gross selling price, as an incentive for paying within invoice terms, which generally range from 30 to 90 days. An estimate of cash discounts is recorded in the same period when revenue is recognized.
 
•	 	Medicaid and Other U.S. Government Pricing Programs	
As required by law, the Company provides a rebate on drugs dispensed under the Medicaid program, Medicare Part D, TRICARE, and other U.S. government pricing programs. The Company determines its estimated government rebate accrual primarily based on historical experience of claims submitted by the various states and other jurisdictions and any new information regarding changes in the various programs which may impact the Company’s estimate of government rebates. In determining the appropriate accrual amount, the Company considers historical payment rates and processing lag for outstanding claims and payments. The Company records estimates for government rebates as a deduction from gross sales, with a corresponding adjustment to accrued liabilities.
 
•	 	Rx Partner and OTC Partner	
The Rx Partner and OTC Partner contracts include revenue recognized under alliance and collaboration agreements between the Company and unrelated third-party pharmaceutical companies. The Company has
 
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entered into these alliance agreements to develop marketing and/or distribution relationships with its partners to fully leverage its technology platform.
The Rx Partners and OTC Partners alliance agreements obligate the Company to deliver multiple goods and/or services over extended periods. Such deliverables include manufactured pharmaceutical products, exclusive and semi-exclusive marketing rights, distribution licenses, and research and development services. In exchange for these deliverables the Company receives payments from its agreement partners for product shipments and research and development services, and may also receive other payments including royalties, profit sharing payments, and upfront and periodic milestone payments. Revenue received from the alliance agreement partners for product shipments under these agreements is not subject to deductions for chargebacks, rebates, product returns, and other pricing adjustments. Royalty and profit sharing amounts the Company receives under these agreements are calculated by the respective agreement partner, with such royalty and profit share amounts generally based upon estimates of net product sales or gross profit which include estimates of deductions for chargebacks, rebates, product returns, and other adjustments the alliance agreement partners may negotiate with their respective customers. The Company records the agreement partner’s adjustments to such estimated amounts in the period the agreement partner reports the amounts to the Company.
The Company applies the updated guidance of FASB ASC Topic 605-25 to the Strategic Alliance Agreement, as amended with Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., an affiliate of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited (the “Teva Agreement”). The Company looks to the underlying delivery of goods and/or services which give rise to the payment of consideration under the Teva Agreement to determine the appropriate revenue recognition. The Company initially defers consideration received as a result of research and development-related activities performed under the Teva Agreement. The Company recognizes deferred revenue on a straight-line basis over the expected period of performance for such services. Consideration received as a result of the manufacture and delivery of products under the Teva Agreement is recognized at the time title and risk of loss passes to the customer, which is generally when product is received by Teva. The Company recognizes profit share revenue in the period earned.
OTC Partner revenue was previously, related to agreements with Pfizer, Inc., formerly Wyeth LLC (“Pfizer”) and L. Perrigo Company (“Perrigo”) with respect to the supply of the Company’s over-the-counter pharmaceutical product Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate 5 mg/120 mg 12-hour Extended Release Tablets (the “D12 Product”). Following the expiration of the Company’s obligation to supply the D12 Product to Pfizer and Perrigo as described below, the company does not currently sell any over-the-counter pharmaceutical products. The Company previously recognized profit share revenue in the period earned. During the quarter ended September 30, 2016, the Company sold the ANDAs for both the D12 Product and the Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine Sulfate 10 mg/240 mg 24-hour Extended Release Tablets, in addition to other specified assets, to Perrigo pursuant to an asset purchase agreement with Perrigo dated as of March 31, 2016 (the “Perrigo APA”). Under the terms of the Perrigo APA, the Company was required to continue to supply the D-12 Product to Pfizer and Perrigo until the date that was the earliest of (i) the date Perrigo’s manufacturing facility is approved to manufacture the D-12 Product and (ii) December 31, 2017. On November 30, 2017, the Company assigned and transferred its supply agreement with Pfizer in its entirety to Perrigo in accordance with the Perrigo APA.
 
•	 	Research Partner	
The Research Partner contract revenue results from development agreements the Company enters into with unrelated third-party pharmaceutical companies. The development agreements generally obligate the Company to provide research and development services over multiple periods. In exchange for this service, the Company generally receives upfront payments upon signing of each development agreement and is eligible to receive contingent milestone payments, payment of which is based upon the achievement of contractually specified events. Additionally, the Company may also receive royalty payments from the sale, if any, of a successfully developed and commercialized product under one of these development agreements. The Company recognizes revenue received from the achievement of contingent research and development milestones in the period such payment is earned. Royalty revenue, if any, will be recognized as current period revenue when earned.
 
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Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all short-term investments with a maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are stated at cost, which, for cash equivalents, approximates fair value due to the short-term nature. The Company is potentially subject to financial instrument concentration of credit risk through its cash and cash equivalents.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk are cash, cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Cash is held on deposit in demand accounts at large financial institutions in amounts in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance coverage limit of $250,000 per depositor, per FDIC-insured bank, per ownership category. Cash equivalents are comprised of highly-rated money market funds. The Company limits its credit risk with respect to accounts receivable by performing credit evaluations of customers when deemed necessary. The Company does not require collateral to secure amounts due from its customers.
The following tables present the percentage of total accounts receivable and gross revenues represented by the Company’s three largest customers as of and for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015:

Percent of Total Accounts Receivable	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Customer #1	  	 	44.7	% 	 	 	36.2	% 	 	 	52.4	% 	
Customer #2	  	 	23.6	% 	 	 	35.6	% 	 	 	24.8	% 	
Customer #3	  	 	23.4	% 	 	 	20.5	% 	 	 	14.4	% 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Top three largest customers	  	 	91.7	% 	 	 	92.3	% 	 	 	91.6	% 	

													
Percent of Gross Revenues	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Customer #1	  	 	32.9	% 	 	 	40.1	% 	 	 	45.6	% 	
Customer #2	  	 	30.0	% 	 	 	28.4	% 	 	 	21.7	% 	
Customer #3	  	 	25.0	% 	 	 	20.1	% 	 	 	18.8	% 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Top three largest customers	  	 	87.9	% 	 	 	88.6	% 	 	 	86.1	% 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from amounts deemed to be uncollectible from its customers; these allowances are for specific amounts on certain accounts based on facts and circumstances determined on a case-by-case basis.
Inventory
Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using a standard cost method, and the cost flow assumption is first in, first out (“FIFO”) flow of goods. Standard costs are revised annually, and significant variances between actual costs and standard costs are apportioned to inventory and cost of goods sold based upon inventory turnover. Costs include materials, labor, quality control, and production overhead. Inventory is adjusted for short-dated, unmarketable inventory equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by the Company, additional inventory write-downs may be required. Consistent with industry practice, the Company may build pre-launch inventories of certain products which are pending required approval from the FDA and/or resolution of patent infringement litigation, when, in the Company’s assessment, such action is appropriate to prepare for the anticipated commercial launch and FDA approval is expected in the near term and /or the related litigation will be resolved in the Company’s favor. The Company accounts for all costs of idle facilities, excess freight and handling costs, and wasted materials (spoilage) as a current period charge in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
 
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Assets Held for Sale
The Company classifies its long-lived assets to be sold as held for sale in the period (i) it has approved and committed to a plan to sell the asset, (ii) the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition, (iii) an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to sell the asset have been initiated, (iv) the sale of the asset is probable, (v) the asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value, and (vi) it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn. The Company initially measures a long-lived asset that is classified as held for sale at the lower of its carrying value or fair value less any costs to sell. Any loss resulting from this measurement is recognized in the period in which the held for sale criteria are met. Conversely, gains are not recognized on the sale of a long-lived asset until the date of sale. Upon designation as an asset held for sale, the Company stops recording depreciation expense on the asset. The Company assesses the fair value of a long-lived asset less any costs to sell at each reporting period and until the asset is no longer classified as held for sale.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred and costs of improvements and renewals are capitalized. Costs incurred in connection with the construction or major renovation of facilities, including interest directly related to such projects, are capitalized as construction in progress. Depreciation is recognized using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the related assets, which are generally 40 years for buildings, 10 to 15 years for building improvements, eight to 10 years for equipment, and four to 10 years for office furniture and equipment. Land and construction-in-progress are not depreciated.
Intangible Assets
The Company’s intangible assets include both finite lived and indefinite-lived assets. Finite lived intangible assets, consisting of marketed product rights and royalties received from product sales by the Company’s third party partners, are amortized over the estimated useful life of the asset based on the pattern in which the economic benefits are expected to be consumed or otherwise used up or, if that pattern is not readily determinable, on a straight-line basis. Indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of acquired in process research and development (“IPR&D”) product rights and acquired future royalty rights to be paid based on other companies’ net sales of products not yet approved. IPR&D assets acquired in a business combination are considered indefinite-lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. Amortization over the estimated useful life will commence at the time of the respective product’s launch. If FDA approval to market the product is not obtained, the Company will immediately expense the related capitalized cost.
Finite lived intangible assets are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. All of the Company’s indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment at least annually during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year, or more often if indicators of impairment are present. Impairment testing requires management to estimate the future undiscounted cash flows of an intangible asset using assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. Actual future cash flows may differ from the estimates used in the impairment testing. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when and to the extent that the estimated fair value of an intangible asset is less than its carrying value.
Goodwill
In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, “ Goodwill and Other Intangibles ,” rather than recording periodic amortization, goodwill is subject to an annual assessment for impairment by applying a fair value based test. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the reporting unit’s carrying value, including goodwill, then goodwill
 
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is considered not impaired, making further analysis not required. The Company considers the Impax Generics division and the Impax Specialty Pharma division operating segments to each be a reporting unit. The Company attributes $59.7 million of goodwill to the Impax Specialty Pharma division and $147.6 million of goodwill to the Impax Generics division.
The Company concluded the carrying value of goodwill was not impaired as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 as the fair value of the Impax Specialty Pharma division and the Impax Generics division exceeded their carrying value at each date. The Company performs its annual impairment test in the fourth quarter of each year. In the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company determined that it was not more likely than not that the fair value of goodwill was less than its carrying value. As a result, the Company did not perform a quantitative analysis. In the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company performed a quantitative analysis and estimated the fair value of the Impax Specialty Pharma division and the Impax Generics division using a discounted cash flow model for both the reporting unit and the enterprise, as well as earnings and revenue multiples per common share outstanding for enterprise fair value. In addition, on a quarterly basis, the Company performs a review of its business operations to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could have a material adverse effect on the estimated fair value of each reporting unit, and thus indicate a potential impairment of the goodwill carrying value. If such events or changes in circumstances were deemed to have occurred, the Company would perform an interim impairment analysis, which may include the preparation of a discounted cash flow model, or consultation with one or more valuation specialists, to analyze the impact, if any, on our assessment of the reporting unit’s fair value.
Derivatives
The Company generally does not use derivative instruments or engage in hedging activities in its ordinary course of business. Prior to June 30, 2015, the Company had no derivative assets or liabilities and did not engage in any hedging activities. As a result of the Company’s June 30, 2015 issuance of the convertible senior notes described in “Note 10. Debt”, the conversion option of the notes temporarily met the criteria for an embedded derivative liability which required bifurcation and separate accounting. Concurrently with the issuance of the notes, the Company entered into a series of convertible note hedge and warrant transactions which in combination are designed to reduce the potential dilution to the Company’s stockholders and/or offset the cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount upon conversion of the notes. See “Note 11. Stockholders’ Equity” for additional information regarding the note hedge transactions and warrant transactions. While the warrants sold were classified as equity and recorded in additional paid-in capital, the call options purchased were temporarily classified as a bond hedge derivative asset on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The Company engaged a third-party valuation firm with expertise in valuing financial instruments to determine the fair value of the bond hedge derivative asset and conversion option derivative liability at each reporting period. The Company’s consolidated balance sheets reflected the fair value of the derivative asset and liability as of the reporting date, and changes in the fair value were reflected in current period earnings, as appropriate. As result of the amendment to the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock discussed in “Note 11. Stockholders’ Equity,” both the derivative asset and liability were reclassified to additional paid-in capital. The Company had no derivative assets or liabilities and did not engage in any hedging activities during the years ended December 31, 2017 or 2016.
Contingencies
In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, covering a wide range of matters, including, among others, patent litigation, stockholder lawsuits, and product and clinical trial liability. The Company records accruals for such loss contingencies when it is probable a liability will have been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company does not recognize gain contingencies until realized. The Company records an accrual for legal costs in the period incurred. A discussion of contingencies is included in “Note 18. Commitments and Contingencies” and “Note 19. Legal and Regulatory Matters”.
 
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Deferred Financing Costs
The Company capitalizes direct costs incurred to obtain debt financing and amortizes these costs to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the debt. These costs are recorded as a debt discount and the unamortized costs are netted against the related debt on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. For line-of-credit arrangements with no outstanding borrowing, the costs incurred to obtain the credit facility are amortized to interest expense using the straight-line method over the term of the line-of-credit arrangement. The unamortized balance is included in other assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
Shipping and Handling Fees and Costs
Shipping and handling fees related to sales transactions are recorded as selling expense. Shipping costs were $7.0 million, $3.7 million and $2.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development activities are expensed as incurred and consist of self-funded research and development costs and costs associated with work performed by other participants under collaborative research and development agreements.
Share-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock-based employee compensation arrangements in accordance with provisions of FASB ASC Topic 718 “ Stock Compensation. ” Under FASB ASC Topic 718, the Company recognizes the grant date fair value of stock-based employee compensation as expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the grant. The Company uses the Black Scholes option pricing model to determine the grant date fair value of employee stock options. The fair value of restricted stock awards is equal to the closing price of the Company’s stock on the date such award was granted.
Effective January 1, 2017, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-09 “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” and elected to eliminate the use of a forfeiture rate estimate in the determination of share-based compensation expense for restricted stock awards using the modified retrospective transition method. Adoption of the new guidance using this method resulted in a $1.4 million charge to opening retained earnings for 2017.
Income Taxes
The Company provides for income taxes using the asset and liability method as required by FASB ASC Topic 740, “ Income Taxes .” This approach recognizes the amount of federal, state, local and foreign taxes payable or refundable for the current year, as well as deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences of events recognized in the consolidated financial statements and income tax returns. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are adjusted to recognize the effects of changes in tax laws or enacted tax rates in the period during which they are signed into law. FASB ASC Topic 740 requires an assessment of whether valuation allowances are needed against deferred tax assets based upon consideration of all available evidence using a more likely than not standard. See “Note 16. Income Taxes” for further discussion of the Company’s valuation allowances.
FASB ASC Topic 740, Sub-topic 10 “ Tax Positions ,” defines the criterion an individual tax position must meet for any part of the benefit of the tax position to be recognized in financial statements prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. Under FASB ASC Topic 740, Sub-topic 10, the Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based solely on the technical merits of the tax
 
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position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a tax position should be measured based on the largest benefit having a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority. Additionally, FASB ASC Topic 740, Sub-topic 10 provides guidance on measurement, de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. In accordance with the disclosure requirements of FASB ASC Topic 740, Sub-topic 10, the Company’s policy on income statement classification of interest and penalties related to income tax obligations is to include such items as part of total interest expense and other expense, respectively.
Other Comprehensive Income
The Company follows the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 220, “ Comprehensive Income, ” which establishes standards for the reporting and display of comprehensive income and its components. Comprehensive income is defined to include all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. The Company recorded foreign currency translation gains and losses, which are reported as comprehensive income. Foreign currency translation gains (losses) for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 were $9.3 million, $2.6 million and $(4.5) million, respectively.
Foreign Currency Translation
The Company translates the assets and liabilities of the Taiwan dollar functional currency of Prohealth and its wholly-owned subsidiary Impax Laboratories (Taiwan), Inc. into the U.S. dollar reporting currency using exchange rates in effect at the end of each reporting period. The revenues and expenses of these entities are translated using an average of the rates in effect during the reporting period. Gains and losses from these translations are recorded as currency translation adjustments included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income and the consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting Guidance Issued Not Yet Adopted
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “ Revenue from Contracts with Customers ” (Topic 606) regarding the accounting for and disclosures of revenue recognition, with an effective date for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016. This update provided a single comprehensive model for accounting for revenue from contracts with customers. The model requires that revenue recognized reflect the actual consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for the goods or services defined in the contract, including in situations with multiple performance obligations. In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, “ Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date ,” which deferred the effective date of the previously issued revenue recognition guidance by one year. The guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. In April 2016 and May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, “ Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing ” and ASU 2016-12, “ Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients ,” respectively. Both of these updates provide improvements and clarification to the previously issued revenue recognition guidance. The new standard can be adopted using one of two methods: the full retrospective method, which requires the standard to be applied to each prior period presented, or the modified retrospective method, which requires the cumulative effect of adoption to be recognized as an adjustment to opening retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company adopted the new revenue recognition standard as of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. The Company has substantially completed its analysis of the impact that adoption will have on its consolidated financial statements. The majority of the Company’s revenue relates to the sale of finished products to various customers, and the adoption will not have an impact on revenue recognized from these transactions. The Company has also evaluated the impact on certain less significant transactions involving third-party collaborations and other arrangements, whereby the Company will recognize revenue earlier under the new standard. The Company has
 
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estimated that a cumulative effect adjustment of approximately $0.5 million will be recognized as of January 1, 2018 to reflect the recognition of revenue related to the Company’ profit sharing agreements. During fiscal year 2018, the Company will disclose the amount by which revenue was affected for each period presented. In addition, the new standard will require changes to the Company’s processes and controls and the Company has identified and designed changes to processes and controls to ensure readiness.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (Topic 842), with guidance regarding the accounting for and disclosure of leases. The update requires lessees to recognize all leases, including operating leases, with a term greater than 12 months on the balance sheet. This update also requires lessees and lessors to disclose key information about their leasing transactions. The guidance will be effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The Company’s expects the implementation of this standard to have an impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures as it has aggregate future minimum lease payments of $28.1 million as of December 31, 2017 under the current portfolio of non-cancelable leases for land, office space, and manufacturing, warehouse and research and development facilities with various expiration dates between January 2018 and December 2027. The Company anticipates recognition of additional assets and corresponding liabilities related to these leases on its consolidated balance sheet.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): “ Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, ” with guidance intended to reduce the diversity in practice regarding how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified within the statement of cash flows. The update addresses eight specific cash flow issues including debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs, the settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instruments with coupon interest rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest rate of the borrowing, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies (COLIs) (including bank-owned life insurance policies (BOLIs)), distributions received from equity method investees, beneficial interests in securitization transactions, and separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. The guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of this guidance will not have any impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU-2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): “ Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory, ” with guidance intended to more faithfully represent the economics of intra-entity asset transfers. The update clarifies that entities must recognize the income tax consequences of intra-entity asset transfers, other than inventory, when the transfer occurs. The guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of this guidance will not have any impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU-2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): “Clarifying the Definition of a Business,” with guidance intended to assist entities in evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of businesses. The update provides a screen to determine whether an integrated set of assets and activities constitute a business. If the screen is not met, the guidance (1) requires that to be considered a business, a set must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output and (2) removes the evaluation of whether a market participant could replace the missing elements. The guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and will be applied prospectively. The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2018 and the guidance will not have any impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): “Scope of Modification Accounting,” which provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. The guidance is effective
 
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for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this ASU are applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2018 and the guidance will not have any impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance
In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): “ Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory ,” with guidance regarding the accounting for and measurement of inventory. The update requires that inventory measured using first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) shall be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. When there is evidence that the net realizable value of inventory is lower than its cost, the difference shall be recognized as a loss in earnings in the period in which it occurs. The guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company adopted this guidance during the first quarter of 2017, and it did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-06, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 915): “ Contingent Put and Call Options in Debt Instruments ,” with guidance regarding the accounting for embedded derivatives related to debt contracts. The update clarifies that determining whether the economic characteristics of a put or call are clearly and closely related to its debt host requires only an assessment of the four-step decision sequence outlined in FASB ASC paragraph 815-15-25-24. The update also indicates that entities are not required to separately assess whether the contingency itself is clearly and closely related. The guidance will be effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company adopted this guidance during the first quarter of 2017, and it did not have an effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): “ Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting ,” with guidance regarding the simplification of accounting for share-based payment award transactions. The update changes the accounting for such areas as the accounting and cash flow classification for excess tax benefits and deficiencies; forfeitures; and tax withholding requirements and cash flow classification. The guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2017 and elected to eliminate the use of a forfeiture rate estimate in the determination of share-based compensation expense for restricted stock awards using the modified retrospective transition method, which resulted in a $1.4 million charge to opening retained earnings for 2017. In addition, the Company is now presenting the cash paid for tax withholdings on stock options exercised and restricted stock awards vested retrospectively in cash flows from financing activities as opposed to the historical presentation in cash flows from operating activities. The adoption resulted in an increase to net cash from operations and decrease net cash provided by financing of $9.3 million and $20.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Excess tax benefits or deficiencies, historically recorded to additional paid-in capital, are recorded to income tax expense as they occur on a prospective basis.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-03, “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections” (Topic 250) and Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), which add to and amend SEC paragraphs pursuant to the SEC Staff Announcements at the September 22, 2016 and November 17, 2016 Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) meetings. The guidance provides additional disclosure requirements regarding the impact of recently issued accounting standards on the financial statements of a registrant when such standards are adopted in a future period. The Company adopted this guidance during the first quarter of 2017, and it did not have an effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU-2017-04, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other” (Topic 350): “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment,” which removes the second step of the two-step goodwill impairment test. In order to reduce the cost and complexity of testing goodwill for impairment, entities are now only required to perform a one-step quantitative impairment test and to record the amount of goodwill
 
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impairment as the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The new guidance does not amend the optional qualitative assessment of a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. Entities should apply the guidance on a prospective basis and disclose the nature of and reason for the change in accounting principle upon transition. The guidance will be effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The Company adopted this guidance during the first quarter of 2017, and it did not have an effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
3. BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS
Teva Transaction
On August 3, 2016, the Company completed its previously announced acquisition of (A) certain assets related to (i) 15 then currently marketed generic pharmaceutical products, (ii) one then approved generic product and two then tentatively approved strengths of a then currently marketed product, which at the time of the closing had not yet launched, (iii) one pipeline generic product and one pipeline strength of a then currently marketed product, which at the time of the closing were pending approval by the FDA and (iv) one generic product then under development, and (B) the return to the Company of its full commercial rights to its then pending ANDA for the generic equivalent to Concerta ® (methylphenidate hydrochloride), a product the Company previously partnered with Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. (“Teva USA”) (collectively, the products and pipeline products and the assets related thereto in (A) and (B), the “Acquired Product Lines” and the transactions related thereto the “Teva Transaction”), pursuant to (x) an Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 20, 2016, as amended on June 30, 2016, with Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. (“Teva”), acting directly or through its affiliates (the “Teva APA”), (y) an Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 20, 2016, as amended on June 30, 2016, with affiliates of Allergan plc (“Allergan”), (the “Allergan APA” and collectively with the Teva APA, the “APAs”), and (z) a Termination Agreement, dated as of June 20, 2016, between the Company and Teva USA, terminating each party’s rights and obligations with respect to methylphenidate hydrochloride under the Strategic Alliance Agreement, dated June 27, 2001, as amended between the Company and Teva USA. The aggregate purchase price for the Acquired Product Lines pursuant to the terms of the Teva APA and the Allergan APA, including the upfront payment to Teva in accordance with the Termination Agreement, was $585.8 million in cash at closing. The Company is also obligated to make future payments to Teva of up to $40.0 million under the terms of the Termination Agreement, payable upon the achievement of specified commercialization events related to methylphenidate hydrochloride.
The Company financed the Teva Transaction utilizing cash on hand and $400.0 million, the full amount of borrowing available, from its Term Loan Facility with Royal Bank of Canada, as discussed in “Note 11. Debt.” The Company incurred acquisition-related costs for the Teva Transaction of $3.1 million and $0.6 million during for the years ended December 31, 2016, and 2015, respectively, which are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
The acquisition of the foregoing currently marketed and pipeline products fits with the Company’s strategic priorities of maximizing its Generics Division’s platform and optimizing research and development opportunities. Through the Teva Transaction, the Company expanded its portfolio of difficult-to-manufacture or limited-competition products and maximized utilization of its existing manufacturing facilities.
As part of the closing of the Teva Transaction, the Company, Teva and Allergan agreed to certain transition related services pursuant to which the Company agreed to manage the payment process for certain commercial chargebacks and rebates on behalf of Teva and Allergan related to products each of Teva and Allergan sold into the channel prior to the closing date. On August 18, 2016, the Company received a payment totaling $42.4 million from Teva and Allergan, which represented their combined estimate of the amount of commercial chargebacks and rebates to be paid by the Company on their behalf to wholesalers who purchased products from
 
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Teva and Allergan prior to the closing. Pursuant to the agreed upon transition services, Teva and Allergan are obligated to reimburse the Company for additional payments related to chargebacks and rebates made on their behalf in excess of the $42.4 million. If the total payments made by the Company on behalf of Teva and Allergan are less than $42.4 million, the Company is obligated to refund the difference to Teva and/or Allergan. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had paid $29.1 million on behalf of Teva and Allergan related to chargebacks and rebates as described above and $13.3 million remained in accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheet.
Purchase Accounting and Consideration
FASB ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”) defines a business as consisting of inputs and processes applied to those inputs that have the ability to create outputs. The Company has determined that the Acquired Product Lines meet the definition of a business and, accordingly, has accounted for the Teva Transaction as a business combination under the acquisition method of accounting.
The following is an estimate of the purchase price for the Teva Transaction as of the closing date of August 3, 2016 (in thousands):

 	  	Estimated
Fair Value	 	
Purchase price per the APAs	  	$	575,800	 	
Upfront payment pursuant to Termination Agreement	  	 	10,000	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total cash consideration	  	 	585,800	 	
Fair value of contingent consideration pursuant to Termination Agreement (1)	  	 	30,100	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total consideration transferred	  	$	615,900	 	
	  	 	 	 	
(1)	The contingent consideration arrangement pursuant to the Termination Agreement potentially requires the Company to pay up to $40.0 million of additional consideration to Teva upon the achievement of specified commercialization events related to methylphenidate hydrochloride. The $30.1 million fair value of the potential contingent consideration payments recognized on the acquisition date was estimated by applying a probability-weighted expected return methodology. The Company conducted a review of the underlying inputs and assumptions at December 31, 2017, and based on timing and probability of the product launch, and corresponding number of competitors expected to be in the market at both launch and the one-year anniversary of launch, the Company concluded that the fair value of its contingent consideration was $0.	
Recognition and Measurement of Assets Acquired at Fair Value
The Company has allocated the purchase price for the Teva Transaction based upon the estimated fair value of the assets acquired at the date of acquisition.
The following is an estimate of the fair value of the intangible and tangible assets acquired in connection with the Teva Transaction on the closing date of August 3, 2016 (in thousands):

 	  	Estimated
Fair Value	 	  	Weighted-Average
Estimated Useful Life	 	
Marketed product rights	  	$	455,529	 	  	 	19 years	 	
Acquired IPR&D product rights (1)	  	 	157,503	 	  	 	n/a	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				
Total intangible assets	  	 	613,032	 	  				
Inventory—raw materials	  	 	2,868	 	  				
	  	 	 	 	  				
Total assets acquired	  	$	615,900	 	  				
	  	 	 	 	  				
(1)	IPR&D refers to the Company’s in-process research and development product rights. Pursuant to the Termination Agreement, Teva returned to the Company its full commercial rights to its then pending ANDA	
 
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 	for the generic equivalent to Concerta ® (methylphenidate hydrochloride), a product the Company previously partnered with Teva USA under a Strategic Alliance Agreement dated June 27, 2001, as amended. As a result, the Company recognized an intangible asset of $78.9 million related to the reacquired IPR&D. The Company engaged a third-party valuation specialist to measure the value of the reacquired product right using a discounted cash flow analysis. The asset was determined to be indefinite-lived based on the market participant methodology prescribed in ASC 805.	
The estimated fair value of the IPR&D and identifiable intangible assets was determined using the “income approach,” which is a valuation technique that provides an estimate of the fair value of an asset based on market participant expectations of the cash flows an asset would generate over its remaining useful life. The assumptions, including the expected projected cash flows, utilized in the purchase price allocation and in determining the purchase price were based on management’s best estimates as of the closing date of the Teva Transaction on August 3, 2016. Some of the more significant assumptions inherent in the development of those asset valuations include the estimated net cash flows for each year for each asset or product (including net revenues, cost of sales, research and development costs, selling and marketing costs and working capital / contributory asset charges), the appropriate discount rate to select in order to measure the risk inherent in each future cash flow stream, the assessment of each asset’s life cycle, the potential regulatory and commercial success risks, competitive trends impacting the asset and each cash flow stream, as well as other factors. The discount rate used to arrive at the present value at the closing date of the intangible assets was 6.7%. No assurances can be given that the underlying assumptions used to prepare the discounted cash flow analysis will not change. For these and other reasons, actual results may vary significantly from estimated results. During the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized impairment charges of $213.9 million and $308.4 million, respectively, related to the intangible assets from the Teva Transaction as described in “Note 8. Intangible Assets and Goodwill.”
Revenues and Earnings for Acquired Product Lines
Included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2016 were revenues of $44.8 million and a net loss of $244.7 million (including $308.4 million of impairment charges—See “Note 8. Intangible Assets and Goodwill”), representing the results of operations for the Acquired Product Lines from the Teva Transaction from the August 3, 2016 closing date through December 31, 2016.
Unaudited Pro Forma Results of Operations
The unaudited pro forma combined results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 (assuming the closing of the Teva Transaction occurred on January 1, 2015) are as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Total revenues	  	$	927,593	 	  	$	1,025,598	 	
Net (loss) income	  	 	(450,190	) 	  	 	70,057	 	
The pro forma adjustments reflected herein include only those adjustments that are directly attributable to the Teva Transaction, factually supportable and expected to have a continuing impact on the Company. The pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of the actual results of operations had the closing of the Teva Transaction taken place on January 1, 2015. Furthermore, the pro forma results do not purport to project the future results of operations of the Company.
The unaudited pro forma information reflects primarily the following adjustments:
 
 	•	 	Adjustments to amortization expense related to identifiable intangible assets acquired;	
 
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 	•	 	Adjustments to interest expense to reflect the Company’s Term Loan Facility (described in “Note 10. Debt”); and	
 
 	•	 	Adjustments to selling, general and administrative expense related to transaction costs directly attributable to the transaction include the elimination of $3.1 million of charges in the pro forms results for the year ended December 31, 2016 which have been included in the pro forma results for the year ended December 31, 2015.	
All of the items above were adjusted for the applicable tax impact.
Tower Acquisition
On March 9, 2015, the Company completed the Tower Acquisition for a purchase price of $691.3 million, net of $41.5 million of cash acquired and including the repayment of indebtedness of Tower and Lineage and post-closing working capital adjustments. The privately-held companies specialized in the development, manufacture and commercialization of complex generic and branded pharmaceutical products. The Tower Acquisition included the Company’s acquisition of all of the outstanding shares of common stock of Tower and Lineage, pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of October 8, 2014, by and among the Company, Tower, Lineage, Roundtable Healthcare Partners II, L.P., Roundtable Healthcare Investors II, L.P., and the other parties thereto, including holders of certain options and warrants to acquire the common stock of Tower or Lineage. In connection with the Tower Acquisition, the options and warrants of Tower and Lineage that were outstanding at the time of the acquisition were cancelled. The Company incurred acquisition-related costs of $10.9 million, of which $6.7 million were incurred during the year ended December 31, 2015 and were included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for that period. In connection with the Tower Acquisition, the Company recorded an accrual for severance and related termination costs of $2.4 million during 2015 related to the elimination of approximately 10 positions at the acquired companies. The Company paid all severance and related termination costs related to the Tower Acquisition as of the end of the second quarter of 2016.
The Tower Acquisition allowed the Company to expand its commercialized generic and branded product portfolios. The Company has also leveraged its sales and marketing organization to promote the marketed products acquired.
Purchase Accounting and Consideration
The Company has accounted for the Tower Acquisition as a business combination under the acquisition method of accounting. The Company allocated the purchase price for the transaction based upon the fair value of net assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition.
 
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Recognition and Measurement of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed at Fair Value
The following tables summarize the final fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Tower Acquisition at the closing date, net of cash acquired of $41.5 million (in thousands):

Accounts receivable (1)	  	$	56,851	 	
Inventory	  	 	31,259	 	
Income tax receivable and other prepaid expenses	  	 	2,407	 	
Property, plant and equipment	  	 	27,540	 	
Intangible assets	  	 	632,600	 	
Intangible assets held for sale	  	 	4,000	 	
Goodwill	  	 	179,755	 	
Deferred income taxes	  	 	37,041	 	
Other non-current assets	  	 	3,844	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total assets acquired	  	 	975,297	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Current liabilities	  	 	67,584	 	
Deferred tax liabilities	  	 	210,005	 	
Other non-current liabilities	  	 	6,360	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total liabilities assumed	  	 	283,949	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Cash paid, net of cash acquired	  	$	691,348	 	

(1)	The accounts receivable acquired in the Tower Acquisition had a fair value of $56.9 million, including an allowance for doubtful accounts of $9.0 million, which represented the Company’s best estimate on March 9, 2015 (the closing date of the transaction) of the contractual cash flows not expected to be collected by the acquired companies.	
Intangible Assets
The following table identifies the Company’s allocations, by category, of the Tower Acquisition purchase price to the intangible assets acquired as of the closing date (in thousands):

 	  	Estimated
Fair
Value	 	  	Weighted-Average
Estimated Useful
Life (years)	 	
Marketed product rights	  	$	381,100	 	  	 	13	 	
Royalty rights	  	 	80,800	 	  	 	12	 	
Acquired IPR&D product rights	  	 	170,700	 	  	 	n/a	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				
Total intangible assets	  	$	632,600	 	  				
	  	 	 	 	  				
The estimated fair value of the IPR&D and identifiable intangible assets was determined using the “income approach,” which is a valuation technique that provides an estimate of the fair value of an asset based on market participant expectations of the cash flows an asset would generate over its remaining useful life. Some of the more significant assumptions inherent in the development of those asset valuations include the estimated net cash flows for each year for each asset or product (including net revenues, cost of sales, research and development costs, selling and marketing costs and working capital / contributory asset charges), the appropriate discount rate to select in order to measure the risk inherent in each future cash flow stream, the assessment of each asset’s life cycle, the potential regulatory and commercial success risks, competitive trends impacting the asset and each cash flow stream as well as other factors. The discount rates used to arrive at the present value at the acquisition date of currently marketed products was 15%. For in-process research and development, the discount rate used was 16% to reflect the internal rate of return and incremental commercial uncertainty in the cash flow
 
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projections. No assurances can be given that the underlying assumptions used to prepare the discounted cash flow analysis will not change. For these and other reasons, actual results may vary significantly from estimated results.
Goodwill
The Company recorded approximately $179.8 million of goodwill in connection with the Tower Acquisition, some of which will not be tax-deductible. Goodwill of $59.7 million was assigned to the Impax Specialty Pharma segment and $120.1 million was assigned to the Impax Generics segment. Factors that contributed to the Company’s recognition of goodwill include the Company’s intent to expand its generic and branded pharmaceutical product portfolios and to acquire certain benefits from the Tower and Lineage product pipelines, in addition to the anticipated synergies that the Company expects to generate from the acquisition.
Unaudited Pro Forma Results of Operations
The unaudited pro forma combined results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2015 (assuming the closing of the Tower Acquisition occurred on January 1, 2014) are as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Year Ended
December 31, 2015	 	
Total revenues	  	$	892,906	 	
Net income	  	$	54,285	 	
The pro forma adjustments reflected herein include only those adjustments that are directly attributable to the Tower Acquisition, factually supportable and expected to have a continuing impact on the Company. The pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of the actual results of operations had the closing of the Tower Acquisition taken place on January 1, 2014. Furthermore, the pro forma results do not purport to project the future results of operations of the Company.
The unaudited pro forma information reflects primarily the following adjustments:
 
 	•	 	Adjustments to amortization expense related to identifiable intangible assets acquired;	
 
 	•	 	Adjustments to depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment acquired;	
 
 	•	 	Adjustments to interest expense to reflect the long-term debt held by Tower and Lineage paid out and eliminated at the closing and the Company’s Senior Secured Credit Facilities (described in “Note 10. Debt”);	
 
 	•	 	Adjustments to cost of revenues related to the fair value adjustments in inventory sold, including elimination of $6.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015;	
 
 	•	 	Adjustments to selling, general and administrative expense related to the elimination of severance and retention costs of $3.4 million incurred as part of the transaction;	
 
 	•	 	Adjustments to selling, general and administrative expense related to transaction costs directly attributable to the transaction include the elimination of $12.2 million of charges in the pro forma results for the year ended December 31, 2015; and	
 
 	•	 	Adjustments to reflect the elimination of $2.3 million in commitment fees related to the Company’s $435.0 million term loan with Barclays Bank PLC (described in “Note 10. Debt”) that were incurred during the year ended December 31, 2015.	
All of the items above were adjusted for the applicable tax impact.
4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT AND FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The carrying values of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, and accounts payable in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets approximated their fair values as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 due to their short-term nature.
 
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Certain of the Company’s financial instruments are measured at fair value using a three-level hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:
 
 	•	 	Level  1 —Inputs are quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.	
 
 	•	 	Level  2 —Inputs are quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; or model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.	
 
 	•	 	Level  3 —Inputs are unobservable and reflect the Company’s own assumptions, based on the best information available, including the Company’s own data.	
The carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 are indicated below (in thousands):

 	  	As of December 31, 2017	 	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	Fair Value Measurement Based on	 	
 	  	Carrying
Amount	 	  	Fair Value	 	  	Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets
(Level 1)	 	  	Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)	 	  	Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)	 	
Assets	  				  				  				  				  				
Deferred Compensation Plan assets (1)	  	$	43,023	 	  	$	43,023	 	  	$	—  	 	  	$	43,023	 	  	$	—  	 	
Liabilities	  				  				  				  				  				
Term Loan Facility due August 2021, current portion (2)	  	$	20,000	 	  	$	20,000	 	  	$	—  	 	  	$	20,000	 	  	$	—  	 	
Term Loan Facility due August 2021, long-term portion (2)	  	$	305,000	 	  	$	305,000	 	  	$	—  	 	  	$	305,000	 	  	$	—  	 	
2% Convertible Senior Notes due June 2022 (3)	  	$	600,000	 	  	$	579,378	 	  	$	579,378	 	  	$	—  	 	  	$	—  	 	
Deferred Compensation Plan liabilities (1)	  	$	33,413	 	  	$	33,413	 	  	$	—  	 	  	$	33,413	 	  	$	—  	 	
Contingent consideration, long-term portion (4)	  	$	—  	 	  	$	—  	 	  	$	—  	 	  	$	—  	 	  	$	—  	 	

 	  	As of December 31, 2016	 	
 	  	 	 	  	 	 	  	Fair Value Measurement Based on	 	
 	  	Carrying
Amount	 	  	Fair Value	 	  	Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets
(Level 1)	 	  	Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)	 	  	Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)	 	
Assets	  				  				  				  				  				
Deferred Compensation Plan assets (1)	  	$	37,382	 	  	$	37,382	 	  	$	—  	 	  	$	37,382	 	  	$	—  	 	
Liabilities	  				  				  				  				  				
Term Loan Facility due August 2021, current portion (2)	  	$	20,000	 	  	$	20,000	 	  	$	—  	 	  	$	20,000	 	  	$	—  	 	
Term Loan Facility due August 2021, long-term portion (2)	  	$	375,000	 	  	$	375,000	 	  	$	—  	 	  	$	375,000	 	  	$	—  	 	
2% Convertible Senior Notes due June 2022 (3)	  	$	600,000	 	  	$	469,800	 	  	$	469,800	 	  	$	—  	 	  	$	—  	 	
Deferred Compensation Plan liabilities (1)	  	$	28,582	 	  	$	28,582	 	  	$	—  	 	  	$	28,582	 	  	$	—  	 	
Contingent consideration, long-term portion (4)	  	$	31,048	 	  	$	31,048	 	  	$	—  	 	  	$	—  	 	  	$	31,048	 	
 
(1)	The Deferred Compensation Plan liabilities are non-current liabilities recorded at the value of the amount owed to the plan participants, with changes in value recognized as compensation expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The calculation of the Deferred Compensation Plan obligation is derived from observable market data by reference to hypothetical investments selected by the participants and is included in the line item captioned “Other non-current liabilities” on the Company’s consolidated	
 
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 	balance sheets. The Company invests participant contributions in corporate-owned life insurance (“COLI”) policies, for which the cash surrender value is included in the line item captioned “Other non-current assets” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.	
(2)	The difference between the amount shown as the carrying value in the above tables and the amount shown on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 represents the unaccreted discount related to deferred debt issuance costs.	
(3)	The difference between the amount shown as the carrying value in the above tables and the amount shown on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2017 and 2016 represents the unaccreted discounts related to deferred debt issuance costs and bifurcation of the conversion feature of the notes.	
(4)	Under the terms of the Termination Agreement related to the Teva Transaction as described in “Note 3. Business Acquisitions.”, the Company could be contractually obligated to make payments up to $40.0 million based on the achievement of certain commercial and time-based milestones associated with its methylphenidate hydrochloride product. A discounted cash flow valuation model was used to value the contingent consideration using significant unobservable inputs, including the probability and timing of successful product launch, the expected number of product competitors in the market at the time of launch (as defined in the Termination Agreement) and the expected number of such competitors in the market on the one-year launch anniversary date. The Company conducted a review of the underlying inputs and assumptions at December 31, 2017, and based on timing and probability of the product launch, and corresponding number of competitors expected to be in the market at both launch and the one-year anniversary of launch, the Company concluded that the fair value of its contingent consideration is $0.	
The following table presents the changes in Level 3 instruments measured on a recurring basis for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
Contingent consideration	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	
Beginning balance	  	$	31,048	 	  	$	—  	 	
Completion of Teva Transaction August 3, 2016	  	 	—  	 	  	 	30,100	 	
Change in fair value included in earnings	  	 	(31,048	) 	  	 	948	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Ending balance	  	$	—  	 	  	$	31,048	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
5. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
The composition of accounts receivable, net is as follows (in thousands):

 	  	December 31, 2017	 	  	December 31, 2016	 	
Gross accounts receivable (1)	  	$	634,059	 	  	$	794,173	 	
Less: Rebate reserve	  	 	(181,611	) 	  	 	(293,816	) 	
Less: Chargeback reserve	  	 	(136,891	) 	  	 	(151,978	) 	
Less: Distribution services reserve	  	 	(11,037	) 	  	 	(18,318	) 	
Less: Discount reserve	  	 	(14,344	) 	  	 	(17,957	) 	
Less: Uncollectible accounts reserve (2)	  	 	(49,423	) 	  	 	(54,736	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Accounts receivable, net	  	$	240,753	 	  	$	257,368	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
(1)	Includes estimated $44.3 million and $40.3 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, receivable due from Turing Pharmaceuticals AG (“Turing”) for reimbursement of Daraprim ® chargebacks and Medicaid rebate liabilities pursuant to an Asset Purchase Agreement between the Company and Turing dated August 7, 2015 (the “Turing APA”). In accordance with the terms of the Turing APA and in accordance with federal laws and regulations, the Company receives, and is initially responsible for processing and paying (subject to reimbursement by Turing), all chargebacks and rebates resulting from	
 
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 	utilization by Medicaid, Medicare and other federal, state and local government programs, health plans and other health care providers for products sold under the Company’s labeler code. Under the terms of the Turing APA, Turing is responsible for liabilities related to chargebacks and rebates that arise as a result of Turing’s marketing or selling related activities in connection with Daraprim ® . Refer to “Note 19. Legal and Regulatory Matters” for a description of the Company’s suit against Turing related to, among other matters, Turing’s failure to reimburse the Company for chargebacks and Medicaid rebate liabilities when due.	
(2)	As a result of the uncertainty of collection from Turing that developed during the first quarter of 2016, the Company recorded a reserve of $48.0 million as of March 31, 2016, which represented the full amount of the estimated receivable due from Turing. During the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company received a $7.7 million payment from Turing. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company increased the reserve balance by a net $4.0 million, consisting of a $5.0 million increase in the reserve resulting from additional Medicaid rebate claims received during the period and a $1.0 million reduction in the reserve balance resulting from payments received from Turing during the period. As of December 31, 2017, the $44.3 million estimated receivable due from Turing was fully reserved.	
A roll-forward of the rebate and chargeback reserves activity for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 is as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
Rebate reserve	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Beginning balance	  	$	293,816	 	  	$	265,229	 	  	$	88,812	 	
Acquired balances	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	75,447	 	
Provision recorded during the period for Impax Generics rebates	  	 	642,447	 	  	 	756,774	 	  	 	571,642	 	
Credits issued during the period for Impax Generics rebates	  	 	(754,652	) 	  	 	(728,187	) 	  	 	(470,672	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Ending balance	  	$	181,611	 	  	$	293,816	 	  	$	265,229	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The payment mechanisms for rebates in the Impax Generics and Impax Specialty Pharma divisions are different, which impacts the location on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Impax Generics rebates are classified as “Accounts receivable, net” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Impax Specialty Pharma rebates are classified as “Accrued expenses” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Chargeback reserve	  				  				  				
Beginning balance	  	$	151,978	 	  	$	102,630	 	  	$	43,125	 	
Acquired balances	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	24,532	 	
Provision recorded during the period	  	 	1,212,039	 	  	 	1,011,400	 	  	 	833,157	 	
Credits issued during the period	  	 	(1,227,126	) 	  	 	(962,052	) 	  	 	(798,184	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Ending balance	  	$	136,891	 	  	$	151,978	 	  	$	102,630	 	

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6. INVENTORY
Inventory, net of carrying value reserves, as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 consisted of the following (in thousands):

 	  	December 31, 2017	 	  	December 31, 2016	 	
Raw materials	  	$	63,732	 	  	$	53,808	 	
Work in-process	  	 	3,046	 	  	 	3,280	 	
Finished goods	  	 	104,187	 	  	 	130,879	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total inventory	  	 	170,965	 	  	 	187,967	 	
Less: Non-current inventory	  	 	12,494	 	  	 	12,737	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total inventory-current, net	  	$	158,471	 	  	$	175,230	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Inventory carrying value reserves were $71.6 million and $38.0 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Included in the $71.6 million of inventory reserves at December 31, 2017 was a pre-launch product inventory reserve of $20.5 million, primarily related to colesevelam, recognized during the third quarter of 2017.
The Company recognizes pre-launch inventories at the lower of its cost or the expected net selling price. Cost is determined using a standard cost method, which approximates actual cost, and assumes a FIFO flow of goods. Costs of unapproved products are the same as approved products and include materials, labor, quality control, and production overhead. When the Company concludes FDA approval is expected within approximately six months, the Company will generally begin to schedule manufacturing process validation studies as required by the FDA to demonstrate the production process can be scaled up to manufacture commercial batches. Consistent with industry practice, the Company may build quantities of pre-launch inventories of certain products pending required final FDA approval and/or resolution of patent infringement litigation, when, in the Company’s assessment, such action is appropriate to prepare for the anticipated commercial launch, FDA approval is expected in the near term, and/or the related litigation will be resolved in the Company’s favor. The capitalization of unapproved pre-launch inventory involves risks, including, among other items, FDA approval of product may not occur; approvals may require additional or different testing and/or specifications than used for unapproved inventory; and, in cases where the unapproved inventory is for a product subject to litigation, the litigation may not be resolved or settled in favor of the Company. If any of these risks were to materialize and the launch of the unapproved product delayed or prevented, then the net carrying value of unapproved inventory may be partially or fully reserved. Generally, the selling price of a generic pharmaceutical product is at discount from the corresponding brand product selling price. Typically, a generic drug is easily substituted for the corresponding branded product, and once a generic product is approved, the pre-launch inventory is typically sold within the subsequent three months. If the market prices become lower than the product inventory carrying costs, then the pre-launch inventory value is reduced to such lower market value. If the inventory produced exceeds the estimated market acceptance of the generic product and becomes short-dated, a carrying value reserve will be recorded. In all cases, the carrying value of the Company’s pre-launch product inventory is lower than the respective estimated net selling prices. The carrying value of unapproved inventory less reserves was $19.3 million and $29.2 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
To the extent inventory is not scheduled to be utilized in the manufacturing process and/or sold within twelve months of the balance sheet date, it is included as a component of other non-current assets. Amounts classified as non-current inventory consist of raw materials, net of valuation reserves. Raw materials generally have a shelf life of approximately three to five years, while finished goods generally have a shelf life of approximately two years.
 
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7. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, consisted of the following (in thousands):

 	  	December 31, 2017	 	  	December 31, 2016	 	
Land	  	$	3,500	 	  	$	5,603	 	
Buildings and improvements	  	 	96,775	 	  	 	174,303	 	
Equipment	  	 	82,442	 	  	 	143,818	 	
Office furniture and equipment	  	 	11,082	 	  	 	15,767	 	
Construction-in-progress	  	 	46,622	 	  	 	50,191	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Property, plant and equipment, gross	  	 	240,421	 	  	 	389,682	 	
Less: Accumulated depreciation	  	 	(115,608	) 	  	 	(156,310	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Property, plant and equipment, net	  	$	124,813	 	  	$	233,372	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Depreciation expense was $38.3 million, $29.1 million and $25.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Unpaid vendor invoices relating to purchases of property, plant and equipment of $3.1 million, $4.0 million and $4.5 million, which were accrued as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, have been excluded from the purchase of property, plant, and equipment and the change in accounts payable and accrued expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows.
During the third quarter of 2017, the Company sold a storage warehouse in Hayward, California for $8.8 million in cash proceeds, representing the gross proceeds of $9.4 million less fees and costs related to the sale of approximately $0.6 million. Prior to the sale, the net book value of the storage warehouse was $4.1 million and was included in the Impax Generics segment. The gain of $4.7 million is included in gain on sale of assets in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.
During 2017, the Company closed its Middlesex, New Jersey manufacturing facility and in early 2018, the Company sold CorePharma, LLC, its wholly owned subsidiary that held the leases to the site. The Company additionally announced during 2017 that it had entered into a stock and asset purchase agreement with Bora Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell Impax Laboratories (Taiwan), Inc., its wholly owned subsidiary which owns the manufacturing facility in Taiwan, R.O.C. The sale of Impax Taiwan subsequently closed in February 2018. Refer to “Note 15. Restructurings” for disclosures relating to these assets.
8. INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL
Intangible Assets
The Company’s intangible assets include both finite lived and indefinite-lived assets. Finite lived intangible assets, consisting of marketed product rights and royalties received from product sales by the Company’s third party partners, are amortized over the estimated useful life of the asset based on the pattern in which the economic benefits are expected to be consumed or otherwise used up or, if that pattern is not readily determinable, on a straight-line basis. The remaining weighted-average amortization period for the Company’s finite lived intangible assets not yet fully amortized is 6.6 years as of December 31, 2017. Indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of acquired IPR&D product rights and acquired future royalty rights to be paid based on other companies’ net sales of products not yet approved. IPR&D assets acquired in a business combination are considered indefinite-lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. Amortization over the estimated useful life will commence at the time of the respective product’s launch. If FDA approval to market the product is not obtained, the Company will immediately expense the related capitalized cost.
 
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Finite lived intangible assets are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. All of the Company’s indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment at least annually during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year, or more often if indicators of impairment are present. Impairment testing requires management to estimate the future undiscounted cash flows of an intangible asset using assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. Actual future cash flows may differ from the estimates used in the impairment testing. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when and to the extent that the estimated fair value of an intangible asset is less than its carrying value.
The following tables show the gross carrying values and accumulated amortization, where applicable, of the Company’s intangible assets by type for the consolidated balance sheets presented (in thousands):

 	  	Marketed Product Rights	 	 	IPR&D and
Royalties	 	 	Total
Company	 	
 	  	Gross Carrying
Value	 	 	Accumulated
Amortization	 	 	Intangible
Assets, Net	 	 	Non-amortized
Value	 	 	Intangible
Assets, Net	 	
Balance as of December 31, 2015	  	$	460,875	 	 	$	(83,095	) 	 	$	377,780	 	 	$	224,240	 	 	$	602,020	 	
Additions (1)	  	 	455,529	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	455,529	 	 	 	161,003	 	 	 	616,532	 	
Amortization	  	 	—  	 	 	 	(56,489	) 	 	 	(56,489	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(56,489	) 	
Commercial Launch (2)	  	 	97,300	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	97,300	 	 	 	(97,300	) 	 	 	—  	 	
Impairment Charge (3)	  	 	(488,632	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(488,632	) 	 	 	(52,965	) 	 	 	(541,597	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance as of December 31, 2016	  	 	525,072	 	 	 	(139,584	) 	 	 	385,488	 	 	 	234,978	 	 	 	620,466	 	
Additions	  				 				 	 	—  	 	 	 	50	 	 	 	50	 	
Amortization	  	 	—  	 	 	 	(68,375	) 	 	 	(68,375	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(68,375	) 	
Commercial Launch (2)	  	 	4,216	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	4,216	 	 	 	(4,216	) 	 	 	—  	 	
Divestiture (4)	  	 	(2,414	) 	 	 	2,414	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Impairment Charge (3)	  	 	(96,865	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(96,865	) 	 	 	(192,809	) 	 	 	(289,674	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance as of December 31, 2017	  	$	430,009	 	 	$	(205,545	) 	 	$	224,464	 	 	$	38,003	 	 	$	262,467	 	

(1)	During the first quarter of 2016, the Company capitalized $3.5 million of milestone payments due to an affiliate of Teva under the terms of the Mebendazole Product Agreement related to the FDA’s approval and the Company’s subsequent commercial launch of Emverm ® (mebendazole) 100 mg chewable tablets. See “Note 17. Alliance and Collaboration Agreements” for additional information related to the Mebendazole Product Agreement.	
During the third quarter of 2016, the Company recorded $613.0 million of intangible asset additions as a result of the Teva Transaction, of which $455.5 million were amortized, finite-lived marketed product rights and $157.5 million were non-amortized, indefinite-lived acquired IPR&D product rights. Refer to “Note 3. Business Acquisitions” for additional information on the Teva Transaction.
Pursuant to the Termination Agreement related to the Teva Transaction, the Company reacquired its full commercial rights to its then pending ANDA for the generic equivalent to Concerta ® (methylphenidate hydrochloride), a product candidate the Company had acquired in the Tower Acquisition that the Company had previously partnered with Teva USA, by terminating each party’s rights and obligations with respect to such product under the Strategic Alliance Agreement between the Company and Teva, as amended. Pursuant to the terms of the Strategic Alliance Agreement, each party would retain 50% of the gross profit realized upon sales of the product following approval. As such the Company’s 50% interest in the product was previously considered a non-amortized, indefinite-lived acquired future royalty right owing to the fact that Teva would sell the product upon receiving FDA approval and pay the Company 50% of the gross profit realized. Upon the Company’s reacquisition of the full rights in this product pursuant to the Termination Agreement, the $70.8 million asset value of the Company’s 50% interest, determined at the time of the Tower Acquisition, was transferred to non-amortized, indefinite-lived acquired IPR&D products rights, as reflected in the tables above.
 
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(2)	During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company commercially launched two products acquired as IPR&D as part of the Teva Transaction and Tower Acquisition and, as a result, transferred the $4.2 million asset value from non-amortized, indefinite-lived acquired IPR&D product rights to amortized, finite lived marketed product rights. These assets will be amortized over an estimated useful life ranging from seven to eight years based on the pattern of economic benefit expected to be realized through 2025.	
As of December 31, 2015, the Emverm ® acquired IPR&D product right had a carrying value of $82.8 million, which was the fair value assigned by the Company during the purchase price allocation accounting for the Tower Acquisition. As a result of the Company’s commercial launch of the product during the first quarter of 2016, the Company transferred the total $86.3 million of asset value from non-amortized, indefinite-lived acquired IPR&D product rights to amortized, finite-lived marketed product rights and began amortization of the asset. The Emverm ® marketed product right intangible asset will be amortized over an estimated useful life of nine years based on the pattern of economic benefit expected to be realized through 2024.
In addition to the intangible asset additions resulting from the Teva Transaction as described above, during the third quarter of 2016, the Company also commercially launched two products, resulting in the transfer of $11.0 million of asset value from non-amortized, indefinite-lived acquired IPR&D product rights to amortized, finite-lived marketed products rights.
 
(3)	For the year ended December 31, 2017 the Company recognized a total of $289.7 million of intangible asset impairment charges, of which $96.9 million were recognized in cost of revenues impairment charges and $192.8 million were recognized in in-process research and development impairment charges on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.	
The $192.8 million in-process research and development impairment charge was attributable to four products, most of which were acquired in the Teva Transaction. The Company incurred a full impairment charge of $149.7 million during the fourth quarter of 2017 related to the Company’s AB-rated methylphenidate hydrochloride (generic equivalent to Concerta) product. The validation efforts for the product, produced by the Company’s third party manufacturer, were not immediately successful and will require additional time and effort which is anticipated to result in a delay in the launch of up to 12-15 months. The delayed launch is currently expected to result in reduced volume and lower pricing than originally anticipated due to increased competition, resulting in significantly lower expected future cash flows. The Company also reduced the forecasted market share for another IPR&D product due to the introduction of a similar product by a competitor which administers the same active drug ingredient but with a different mode of delivery resulting in a $37.0 million impairment charge incurred during the fourth quarter of 2017. The remainder of the impairment charges were primarily related to the delayed launch of two products which are currently expected to result in reduced volume after launch due to increased competition.
The $96.9 million cost of revenue impairment charge for currently marketed products was attributable to eight currently marketed products. The Company experienced even further price and volume erosion throughout the year without an offsetting increase in customer demand, resulting in significantly lower expected future cash flows. The impairment charge was related to six of the products acquired as part of the Teva Transaction and two products acquired as part of the Tower Acquisition.
During the second quarter of 2016, the Company recognized a total of $1.5 million of charges within cost of revenues impairment charges on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations related to two currently marketed products, which were acquired as part of the Tower Acquisition, primarily due to active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”) supply issues and minimal sales activity, resulting in immediate discontinuation of one product and rapid phase-out of the other. Additionally, one of the Company’s IPR&D generic products, also acquired as part of the Tower Acquisition, was determined to be impaired as a result of the commercial launch of a competitor’s generic product, resulting in a $1.0 million charge to in-process research and development impairment charges on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.
 
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Upon closing the Teva Transaction on August 3, 2016, the Company initiated the process of transferring and securing Teva’s and Allergan’s customers for the acquired products to its account. The Company assumed certain price concessions would occur following the closing, however, the Company elected to take additional price reductions on certain of the acquired products in order to retain key customers. These reductions produced significantly lower than expected operating cash flows from the Acquired Product Lines and triggered an impairment analysis. The Company’s impairment analysis for the third quarter of 2016 resulted in the recognition of a total $251.0 million non-cash impairment charge to earnings. Of the total $251.0 million impairment charge, $248.0 million was recorded in cost of revenues impairment charges and $3.0 million was recorded in in-process research and development impairment charges, each in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the third quarter of 2016.
Certain other non-cash impairment charges unrelated to the Teva Transaction were also recorded in the third quarter of 2016. During the third quarter of 2016, the Company also recognized a total of $34.2 million of intangible asset impairment charges, of which $8.5 million was recognized in cost of revenues impairment charges on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations and attributable to the full impairment of three marketed products and one third-party partnered product where the Company received royalties from the sale of such product. The affected products were manufactured in the Company’s Middlesex, New Jersey facility, which the Company is in the process of closing as discussed in “Note 15. Restructurings.” The products were discontinued for several reasons, including the inability to efficiently transfer technology to another manufacturing site, the inability to continue to secure API from third parties on a timely basis, and/or minimal current and projected sales activity. The remaining $25.7 million of impairment charges recognized by the Company during the third quarter of 2016 were recognized in in-process research and development impairment charges and related to two of the Company’s IPR&D product rights acquired in the Tower Acquisition due to delays in expected start of commercialization and lower pricing amid highly competitive market conditions, resulting in lower expected future cash flows.
During the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company recognized a total of $253.9 million of intangible asset impairment charges, of which $230.6 million were recognized in cost of revenues impairment charges and $23.3 million were recognized in in-process research and development impairment charges on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. More than half of the total impairment charges incurred during the fourth quarter of 2016 was attributable to the Company’s epinephrine auto-injector product, which was acquired as part of the Tower Acquisition. The impairment charge on the epinephrine auto-injector product was triggered by current and projected price degradation as a result of changes in the pricing environment and additional competition. The Company also experienced even further price reductions on certain of the products acquired as part of the Teva Transaction during the fourth quarter of 2016, resulting in $57.4 million of additional intangible asset impairment charges, of which $53.7 million was recorded to cost of revenues impairment charges and $3.7 million was recorded to in-process research and development impairment charges. In addition, the Company recognized $36.3 million of intangible asset impairment related to its anthelmintic product franchise, of which $24.3 million was recorded to cost of revenues impairment charges and $12.0 million was recorded to in-process research and development impairment charges. The $24.3 million charge was attributable to lower than expected script volume for Emverm ® . The $12.0 million charge recorded to in-process research and development during the fourth quarter of 2016 was attributable to a decision by the Company’s management during the fourth quarter of 2016 to cease development on a next-generation version of Albenza ® as a result of continued difficulties sourcing the API. The remainder of the fourth quarter of 2016 impairment charges were primarily attributable to the products acquired as part of the Tower Acquisition and resulted from lower current and/or forecasted pricing amid highly competitive market conditions, resulting in lower forecasted future cash flows.
 
(4)	During the second quarter of 2017, the Company divested 29 ANDAs and one NDA for non-strategic approved generic products, the vast majority of which were not marketed, and all acquired as part of the Tower Acquisition, for gross proceeds of $12.0 million. These intangible assets had a fully amortized gross carrying value of $2.4 million at the time of the sale. The Company incurred $0.1 million of legal expense in	
 
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 	connection with the divestiture, resulting in a net gain on sale of $11.9 million recognized as gain on sale of assets on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.	
Amortization
The Company recognized amortization expense of $68.4 million, $56.5 million and $40.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, in cost of revenues in the consolidated statements of operations presented.
The following table shows the expected future amortization of the Company’s finite lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

For the years ending December 31,	  	Amortization
Expense	 	
2018	  	$	56,431	 	
2019	  	 	46,771	 	
2020	  	 	36,140	 	
2021	  	 	23,778	 	
2022	  	 	19,701	 	
Thereafter	  	 	41,643	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	224,464	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Sale of Daraprim ® to Turing
In July 2015, the Company received an unsolicited offer from Turing to purchase the U.S. rights to Daraprim ® , one of the marketed products acquired in the Tower Acquisition, as well as the active pharmaceutical ingredient for the product and the finished goods inventory on hand. The sale closed on August 7, 2015, and the Company received proceeds of $55.5 million at closing. The net book value of the Daraprim ® product rights at the time of sale was $9.3 million, and the Company recognized a gain on the sale of the intangible asset of $45.6 million, net of expenses. Pursuant to the terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement between the Company and Turing dated August 7, 2015 (the “Turing APA”), the Company also granted a limited license to sell the existing Daraprim ® product under the Company’s labeler code with the Company’s trade dress.
In accordance with the terms of the Turing APA and in accordance with federal laws and regulations, the Company received and was initially responsible for processing and paying (subject to reimbursement by Turing), all chargebacks and rebates resulting from utilization by Medicaid, Medicare and other federal, state and local governmental programs, health plans and other health care providers for product sold under the Company’s labeler code. Under the terms of the Turing APA, Turing is responsible for liabilities related to chargebacks and rebates that arise as a result of Turing’s marketing or selling related activities in connection with Daraprim ® .
Goodwill
Goodwill had a carrying value on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets of $207.3 million and $207.3 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, the Company attributed $147.6 million and $59.7 million to the Impax Generics division and the Impax Specialty Pharma division, respectively. The Company concluded based on the results of the annual testing performed that the carrying value of goodwill was not impaired as of December 31, 2017 or 2016.
 
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9. ACCRUED EXPENSES
The following table sets forth the Company’s accrued expenses (in thousands):

 	  	December 31,
2017	 	  	December 31,
2016	 	
Payroll-related expenses	  	$	38,415	 	  	$	37,986	 	
Product returns	  	 	76,293	 	  	 	72,888	 	
Accrued shelf stock	  	 	7,525	 	  	 	7,032	 	
Government rebates	  	 	73,970	 	  	 	72,063	 	
Legal and professional fees	  	 	14,005	 	  	 	8,395	 	
Estimated Teva and Allergan chargebacks and rebates (1)	  	 	13,277	 	  	 	14,813	 	
Accrued profit sharing and royalty expenses	  	 	8,373	 	  	 	13,642	 	
Other	  	 	16,269	 	  	 	17,834	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total accrued expenses	  	$	248,127	 	  	$	244,653	 	

(1)	As discussed in “Note 3. Business Acquisitions,” in connection with the Teva Transaction, the Company, Teva and Allergan agreed to certain transition related services pursuant to which the Company agreed to manage the payment process for certain commercial chargebacks and rebates on behalf of Teva and Allergan related to products each of Teva and Allergan sold into the channel prior to the Company’s acquisition of the products. On August 18, 2016, the Company received a payment totaling $42.4 million from Teva and Allergan, which represented their combined estimate of the amount of commercial chargebacks and rebates to be paid by the Company on their behalf to wholesalers who purchased products from Teva and Allergan prior to the closing. Pursuant to the agreed upon transition services, Teva and Allergan are obligated to reimburse the Company for additional payments related to chargebacks and rebates for products they sold into the channel prior to the closing and made on their behalf in excess of the $42.4 million. If the total payments made by the Company on behalf of Teva and Allergan are less than $42.4 million, the Company is obligated to refund the difference to Teva and/or Allergan. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had paid $29.1 million related to chargebacks and rebates as described above and $13.3 million remained in accrued expenses on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.	
Product Returns
The Company maintains a return policy to allow customers to return product within specified guidelines. The Company estimates a provision for product returns as a percentage of gross sales based upon historical experience for sales made through its Impax Generics and Impax Specialty Pharma sales channels. Sales of product under the Private Label, Rx Partner and OTC Partner alliance, collaboration and supply agreements are not subject to returns.
A rollforward of the return reserve activity for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 is as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Returns reserve	  				  				  				
Beginning balance	  	$	72,888	 	  	$	48,950	 	  	$	27,174	 	
Acquired balances	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	11,364	 	
Provision related to sales recorded in the period	  	 	47,709	 	  	 	52,383	 	  	 	43,967	 	
Credits issued during the period	  	 	(44,304	) 	  	 	(28,445	) 	  	 	(33,555	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Ending balance	  	$	76,293	 	  	$	72,888	 	  	$	48,950	 	

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10. DEBT
Royal Bank of Canada Credit Facilities
On August 3, 2016, the Company entered into a restatement agreement with Royal Bank of Canada, as administrative agent, and the lenders and guarantors party thereto (the “Restatement Agreement”). The Restatement Agreement amends and restates the Company’s existing Revolving Credit Facility Agreement (as amended and restated and amended to date, the “Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”) to, among other things, (i) add a term loan feature to allow for the borrowing of up to $400.0 million of term loans (the “Term Loan Facility”) by the Company in accordance with the terms of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, (ii) increase the aggregate principal amount of revolving loans permitted under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Revolving Credit Facility,” and, together with the Term Loan Facility, the “RBC Credit Facilities”), from $100.0 million to $200.0 million; and (iii) extend the maturity date of the Revolving Credit Facility from August 4, 2020 to August 3, 2021. On March 27, 2017, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 by and among the Company, Royal Bank of Canada, as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto (the “Amendment”) to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.
Borrowings under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement will accrue interest at a rate equal to LIBOR or the base rate, plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin may be increased or reduced by 0.25% based on the Company’s total net leverage ratio. Up to $12.5 million of the Revolving Credit Facility is available for issuance of letters of credit and any such letters of credit will reduce the amount available under the Revolving Credit Facility on a dollar-for-dollar basis. The Company is required to pay a commitment fee to the lenders on the average daily unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility at 0.50% or 0.375% per annum, depending on the Company’s total net leverage ratio.
The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contains certain negative covenants (subject to exceptions, materiality thresholds and other allowances) including, without limitation, negative covenants that limit the Company’s and its restricted subsidiaries’ ability to incur additional debt, guarantee other obligations, grant liens on assets, make loans, acquisitions or other investments, dispose of assets, make optional payments in connection with or modify certain debt instruments, pay dividends or make other payments on capital stock, engage in mergers or consolidations, enter into arrangements that restrict the Company’s and its restricted subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends or grant liens, engage in transactions with affiliates, or change its fiscal year. Prior to the effective date of the Amendment on March 27, 2017, the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement also included a financial maintenance covenant whereby the Company must not permit its total net leverage ratio in any 12-month period to exceed 5.00:1.00, as tested at the end of each fiscal quarter. Effective as of March 27, 2017 and pursuant to the Amendment, the total net leverage ratio financial covenant was replaced with a new senior secured net leverage ratio financial covenant. Pursuant to the Amendment, the Company must not permit its senior secured net leverage ratio to exceed 2.50:1.00 and the interest coverage ratio to be less than 3.00:1.00, in each case in any 12-month period, as tested at the end of each fiscal quarter. The Company was in compliance with all of its covenants under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2017.
The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contains events of default, including, without limitation (subject to customary grace periods and materiality thresholds), events of default upon (i) the failure to make payments pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, (ii) violation of covenants, (iii) incorrectness of representations and warranties, (iv) cross-default and cross-acceleration to other material indebtedness, (v) bankruptcy events, (vi) material monetary judgments (to the extent not covered by insurance), (vii) certain matters arising under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, that could reasonably be expected to result in a material adverse effect, (viii) the actual or asserted invalidity of the documents governing the RBC Credit Facilities, any material guarantees or the security interests (including priority thereof) required under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and (ix) the occurrence of a change of control (as defined therein). Upon the occurrence of certain events of default, the obligations under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement may be accelerated and any remaining commitments thereunder may be terminated.
 
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The full amount of proceeds from the Term Loan Facility of $400.0 million, along with $196.4 million of cash were used to finance the Teva Transaction (including transaction costs) at closing on August 3, 2016. As of December 31, 2017, $199.7 million Revolving Credit Facility remains available to the Company for working capital and other general corporate purposes.
In connection with the Term Loan Facility, the Company incurred $11.0 million of debt issuance costs for banking, legal and accounting fees and other expenses during the third quarter of 2016. In connection with the Amendment, the Company incurred $0.8 million of debt issuance costs for banking fees during the first quarter of 2017. These debt issuance costs were recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as a reduction to the current and long-term portions of debt related to the Term Loan Facility. These deferred debt issuance costs will be accreted to interest expense over the term of the debt using the effective interest method. In connection with the increase in the aggregate principal amount of revolving loans permitted under the Revolving Credit Facility, the Company incurred $0.8 million of debt issuance costs for banking fees which were recorded as an asset with current and long-term portions on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. These deferred debt issuance costs, in addition to the $0.3 million balance remaining from the initial $100.0 million revolving credit facility, will be amortized to interest expense over the term of the Revolving Credit Facility using the straight-line method.
For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized $17.7 million of interest expense related to the Term Loan Facility, of which $15.5 million was cash and $2.2 million was non-cash accretion of the debt discount recorded for deferred debt issuance costs. For the period of August 3, 2016 through December 31, 2016, the Company recognized $6.9 million of interest expense related to the Term Loan Facility, of which $6.0 million was cash and $0.9 million was non-cash accretion of the debt discount recorded for deferred debt issuance costs. As of December 31, 2017, the Term Loan Facility had a carrying value of $317.5 million, of which $17.8 million is classified as current debt and $299.7 million is classified as long-term debt on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Term Loan Facility requires the Company to make quarterly principal payments of $5.0 million beginning from December 2016 through June 2021, and the remaining principal balance is payable in August 2021. As of December 31, 2017, the outstanding principal amount for the Term Loan Facility was $325.0 million.
Loss on Early Extinguishment of Debt—Voluntary Prepayment of $50.0 Million of Principal—RBC Term Loan Facility
On February 28, 2017, the Company made a voluntary prepayment in the amount of $50.3 million under its Term Loan Facility, representing $50.0 million of principal amount and $0.3 million of accrued interest thereon. As a result of this voluntary prepayment, for the quarter ended March 31, 2017, the Company recorded a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $1.2 million to write-off a pro rated portion of the related unaccreted debt issuance costs.
2% Convertible Senior Notes due June 2022
On June 30, 2015, the Company issued an aggregate principal amount of $600.0 million of 2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due June 2022 (the “Notes”) in a private placement offering, which are the Company’s senior unsecured obligations. The Notes were issued pursuant to an Indenture dated June 30, 2015 (the “Indenture”) between the Company and Wilmington Trust, N.A., as trustee. The Indenture includes customary covenants and sets forth certain events of default after which the Notes may be due and payable immediately. The Notes will mature on June 15, 2022, unless earlier redeemed, repurchased or converted. The Notes bear interest at a rate of 2.00% per year, and interest is payable semiannually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on December 15, 2015.
The conversion rate for the Notes is initially set at 15.7858 shares per $1,000 of principal amount, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of $63.35 per share of the Company’s common stock. If a Make-Whole
 
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Fundamental Change (as defined in the Indenture) occurs or becomes effective prior to the maturity date and a holder elects to convert its Notes in connection with the Make-Whole Fundamental Change, the Company is obligated to increase the conversion rate for the Notes so surrendered by a number of additional shares of the Company’s common stock as prescribed in the Indenture. Additionally, the conversion rate is subject to adjustment in the event of an equity restructuring transaction such as a stock dividend, stock split, spinoff, rights offering, or recapitalization through a large, nonrecurring cash dividend (“standard antidilution provisions,” per FASB ASC 815-40).
Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (“ASC 815-40”)).
The Notes are convertible at the option of the holders at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding December 15, 2021 only under the following circumstances:
 
 	(i)	If during any calendar quarter commencing after the quarter ending September 30, 2015 (and only during such calendar quarter) the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; or	
 
 	(ii)	If during the five business day period after any 10 consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 of principal amount of Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last report sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; or	
 
 	(iii)	Upon the occurrence of corporate events specified in the Indenture.	
On or after December 15, 2021 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, the holders may convert their Notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. The Company may satisfy its conversion obligation by paying or delivering, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election and in the manner and subject to the terms and conditions provided in the Indenture.
Concurrently with the offering of the Notes and using a portion of the proceeds from the sale of the Notes, the Company entered into a series of convertible note hedge and warrant transactions (the “Note Hedge Transactions” and “Warrant Transactions”) which are designed to reduce the potential dilution to the Company’s stockholders and/or offset the cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount upon conversion of the Notes. The Note Hedge Transactions and Warrant Transactions are separate transactions, in each case, entered into by the Company with a financial institution and are not part of the terms of the Notes. These transactions will not affect any holder’s rights under the Notes, and the holders of the Notes have no rights with respect to the Note Hedge Transactions and Warrant Transactions. See “Note 11. Stockholders’ Equity” for additional information.
At the June 30, 2015 issuance date of the Notes, the Company did not have the necessary number of authorized but unissued shares of its common available to share-settle the conversion option of the Notes. Therefore, in accordance with guidance found in FASB ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, and FASB Topic ASC 815-15, Embedded Derivatives , the conversion option of the Notes was deemed an embedded derivative requiring bifurcation from the Notes (host contract) and separate accounting as a derivative liability. The fair value of the conversion option derivative liability at June 30, 2015 was $167.0 million, which was recorded as a reduction to the carrying value of the debt and will be accreted to interest expense over the term of the debt using the effective interest method. Although the Company subsequently amended the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase the authorized number of shares of the Company’s common stock in December 2015, the debt discount remained and continues to be accreted to interest expense. See “Note 11. Stockholders’ Equity” for additional information.
 
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In connection with the issuance of the Notes, the Company incurred $18.7 million of debt issuance costs for banking, legal and accounting fees and other expenses. This amount was also recorded on the Company’s balance sheet as a reduction to the carrying value of the debt and is being accreted to interest expense over the term of the debt using the effective interest method.
For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized $35.5 million and $33.8 million, respectively, of interest expense related to the Notes, of which $12.0 million and $12.0 million, respectively, was cash and $23.5 million and $21.8 million, respectively, was non-cash accretion of the debt discounts recorded. As the Notes mature in 2022, they have been classified as long-term debt on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, with a carrying value of $469.9 million and $446.4 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Loss on Early Extinguishment of Debt—Barclays $435.0 million Term Loan
In connection with the Tower Acquisition during the first quarter of 2015, the Company entered into a $435.0 million senior secured term loan facility (the “Barclays Term Loan”) and a $50.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Barclays Revolver” and collectively with the Barclays Term Loan, the “Barclays Senior Secured Credit Facilities”), pursuant to a credit agreement, dated as of March 9, 2015, by and among the Company, the lenders party thereto from time to time and Barclays Bank PLC (“Barclays”), as administrative and collateral agent (the “Barclays Credit Agreement”). In connection with the Barclays Senior Secured Credit Facilities, the Company incurred debt issuance costs for banking, legal and accounting fees and other expenses of $17.8 million, which were previously reflected as a discount to the carrying value of the debt on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet in accordance with ASU 2015-03. Prior to repayment of the Barclays Term Loan on June 30, 2015, this debt discount was accreted to interest expense over the term of the loan using the effective interest rate method.
On June 30, 2015, the Company used $436.4 million of the proceeds from the sale of the Notes to repay the $435.0 million of principal and $1.4 million of accrued interest due on its Barclays Term Loan under the Barclays Credit Agreement. In connection with this repayment of the loan, for the quarter ended June 30, 2015, the Company recorded a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $16.9 million related to the unaccreted portion of the debt discount.
For the six months ended June 30, 2015, the Company incurred total interest expense related to the Barclays Term Loan of $10.7 million, of which $9.8 million was cash and $0.9 million was non-cash accretion of the debt discount recorded. In addition, included in interest expense for 2015 is a $2.3 million ticking fee paid to Barclays during the first quarter of 2015, prior to the funding of the Barclays Senior Secured Credit Facilities on March 9, 2015, to lock in the financing terms from the lenders’ commitment of the Barclays Term Loan until the actual allocation of the loan occurred at the closing of the Tower Acquisition.
Future principal maturities of December 31, 2017 are as follows (in thousands):

Years ending December 31,	  	 	 	
2018	  	$	20,000	 	
2019	  	 	20,000	 	
2020	  	 	20,000	 	
2021	  	 	265,000	 	
2022	  	 	600,000	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	925,000	 	

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11. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred Stock
Pursuant to its Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), the Company is authorized to issue 2,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, which enables the Board of Directors, from time to time, to create one or more new series of preferred stock. Each series of preferred stock issued can have the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions designated by the Board of Directors. The issuance of any new series of preferred stock could affect, among other things, the dividend, voting, and liquidation rights of the Company’s common stock. The Company had no preferred stock issued or outstanding as of December 31, 2017 or 2016.
Common Stock
Pursuant to its Certificate of Incorporation, the Company is authorized to issue 150,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, of which 74,234,076 shares have been issued and 73,990,347 shares were outstanding as of December 31, 2017. In addition, the Company had reserved for issuance the following amounts of shares of its common stock for the purposes described below as of December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

Shares issued	  	 	74,234	 	
Stock options outstanding (1)	  	 	3,175	 	
Conversion of Notes payable (2)	  	 	9,471	 	
Warrants outstanding (see below)	  	 	9,471	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total shares of common stock issued and reserved for issuance	  	 	96,351	 	
	  	 	 	 	
(1)	See “Note 13. Share-Based Compensation”	
(2)	See “Note 10. Debt”	
Warrants
As discussed in “Note 10. Debt”, on June 30, 2015, the Company entered into a series of Note Hedge Transactions and Warrant Transactions with a financial institution which are designed to reduce the potential dilution to the Company’s stockholders and/or offset the cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount upon conversion of the Notes. Pursuant to the Warrant Transactions, the Company sold to a financial institution 9.47 million warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock, for which it received proceeds of $88.3 million. The warrants have an exercise price of $81.277 per share (subject to adjustment), are immediately exercisable, and have an expiration date of September 15, 2022.
Additional Paid-In Capital
Pursuant to the Note Hedge Transactions, the Company purchased from a financial institution 0.6 million call options on the Company’s common stock, for which it paid consideration of $147.0 million. Each call option entitles the Company to purchase 15.7858 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $63.35 per share, is immediately exercisable, and has an expiration date of June 15, 2022, subject to earlier exercise. At the time of the Note Hedge Transactions, because of an insufficient number of authorized but unissued shares of the Company’s common stock, these call options did not meet the criteria for equity classification under FASB ASC Topic 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging and were accounted for as a derivative asset.
As of December 8, 2015, pursuant to the Company’s amendment to its Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock, the call options purchased pursuant to the Note Hedge Transactions (formerly a derivative asset) and the conversion option of the Notes (formerly an embedded
 
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derivative liability) were reclassified to equity in additional paid-in capital. The net effect of the reclassification of these derivatives was a $21.0 million, net of tax, increase in additional paid-in capital reflected on the Company’s December 31, 2015 consolidated balance sheet.
During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recognized in its consolidated statement of operations $13.0 million of net expense related to the change in the fair value of the former derivative asset and liability. There was no comparable expense recognized in 2016 or 2017.
12. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The Company’s basic earnings per common share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net (loss) income available to the Company’s common stockholders (as presented on the consolidated statements of operations) by the weighted-average number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding during the period. The Company’s restricted stock awards (non-vested shares) are issued and outstanding at the time of grant but are excluded from the Company’s computation of weighted-average shares outstanding in the determination of basic EPS until vesting occurs.
For purposes of calculating diluted EPS, the denominator includes both the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding and the number of common stock equivalents if the inclusion of such common stock equivalents would be dilutive. Dilutive common stock equivalents potentially include warrants, stock options and non-vested restricted stock awards using the treasury stock method and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Company’s outstanding convertible notes payable. In the case of the Company’s outstanding convertible notes payable, the diluted EPS calculation is further affected by an add-back of interest expense, net of tax, to the numerator under the assumption that the interest would not have been incurred if the convertible notes had been converted into common stock.
The following is a reconciliation of basic and diluted net (loss) income per share of common stock for the three years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Basic (Loss) Earnings Per Common Share:	  				 				 				
Net (loss) income	  	$	(469,287	) 	 	$	(472,031	) 	 	$	38,997	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	  	 	71,857	 	 	 	71,147	 	 	 	69,640	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic (loss) earnings per share	  	$	(6.53	) 	 	$	(6.63	) 	 	$	0.56	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Diluted (Loss) Earnings Per Common Share:	  				 				 				
Net (loss) income	  	$	(469,287	) 	 	$	(472,031	) 	 	$	38,997	 	
Add-back of interest expense on outstanding convertible notes payable, net of tax	  	 	—  	(1)  	 	 	—  	(1)  	 	 	—  	(2)  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Adjusted net (loss) income	  	$	(469,287	) 	 	$	(472,031	) 	 	$	38,997	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	  	 	71,857	 	 	 	71,147	 	 	 	69,640	 	
Weighted-average incremental shares related to assumed exercise of warrants, stock options, vesting of non-vested shares and ESPP share issuance	  	 	—  	(3)  	 	 	—  	(4)  	 	 	2,387	(5)  	
Weighted-average incremental shares assuming conversion of outstanding notes payable	  	 	—  	(1)  	 	 	—  	(1)  	 	 	—  	(2)  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding	  	 	71,857	(3)  	 	 	71,147	(4)  	 	 	72,027	(6)  	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Diluted net (loss) income per share	  	$	(6.53	) 	 	$	(6.63	) 	 	$	0.54	 	

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(1)	For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred a net loss, which cannot be diluted, so basic and diluted loss per common share were the same. Accordingly, there were no numerator or denominator adjustments related to the Company’s outstanding Notes.	
(2)	The numerator and denominator adjustments related to the Company’s convertible notes payable were excluded from the computation because the add-back of interest expense, net of tax, to the numerator had a greater effect on the quotient than the inclusion of the incremental shares assuming conversion of the convertible notes payable in the denominator, resulting in anti-dilution.	
(3)	For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company incurred a net loss, which cannot be diluted, so basic and diluted loss per common share were the same. As of December 31, 2017, shares issuable but not included in the Company’s calculation of diluted EPS, which could potentially dilute future earnings, included 9.47 million warrants outstanding, 9.47 million shares for conversion of outstanding Notes payable, 3.2 million stock options outstanding and 1.9 million non-vested restricted stock awards.	
(4)	For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company incurred a net loss, which cannot be diluted, so basic and diluted loss per common share were the same. As of December 31, 2016, shares issuable but not included in the Company’s calculation of diluted EPS, which could potentially dilute future earnings, included 9.47 million warrants outstanding, 9.47 million shares for conversion of outstanding Notes payable, 2.2 million stock options outstanding and 2.2 million non-vested restricted stock awards.	
(5)	As of December 31, 2015, the approximately 9.47 million warrants outstanding have been excluded from the denominator of the diluted EPS computation under the treasury stock method because the exercise price of the warrants exceeds the average market price of the Company’s common stock for the period, so inclusion in the calculation would be anti-dilutive.	
(6)	As of December 31, 2015, shares issuable but not included in the Company’s calculation of diluted EPS, which could potentially dilute future earnings, included 9.47 million for warrants outstanding, 9.47 million shares for conversion of outstanding Notes payable, 1.7 million stock options outstanding and 1.5 million non-vested restricted stock awards.	
13. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
The Company recognizes the grant date fair value of each option and share of restricted stock over its vesting period. Stock options and restricted stock awards are granted under the Company’s Fourth Amended and Restated 2002 Equity Incentive Plan and generally vest over a four year period and, in the case of stock options, have a term of 10 years.
Impax Laboratories, Inc. Fourth Amended and Restated 2002 Equity Incentive Plan (“2002 Plan”)
The aggregate number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance pursuant to the Company’s 2002 Plan is 18,050,000 shares. There were 2,324,997, 2,233,393 and 2,394,433 stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and 1,861,489, 2,160,127 and 2,146,498 non-vested restricted stock awards outstanding as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, under the 2002 Plan.
Impax Laboratories, Inc. 1999 Equity Incentive Plan (“1999 Plan”)
The aggregate number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance pursuant to the Company’s 1999 Plan is 5,000,000 shares. There were 0, 938 and 10,938 stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, under the 1999 Plan. The Company has ceased granting equity awards under the 1999 Plan.
Awards Granted Out of Plan—CEO Inducement
On March 27, 2017, the Company granted Paul M. Bisaro, its new President and Chief Executive Officer, an option to purchase 850,000 shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to the terms of his Employment Agreement dated as of March 24, 2017 with the Company. The grant was made in accordance with NASDAQ’s
 
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employment inducement grant exemption and therefore was not granted under a stockholder approved plan. The grant is subject to the terms of an option agreement with Mr. Bisaro to evidence the award. There were 850,000 stock options outstanding related to this grant as of December 31, 2017.
The following table summarizes all of the Company’s stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015:

Stock Options	  	Number of
Shares
Under
Option	 	  	Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
per Share	 	
Outstanding at December 31, 2014	  	 	3,042,180	 	  	$	14.78	 	
Options granted	  	 	406,950	 	  	 	41.27	 	
Options exercised	  	 	(1,042,198	) 	  	 	9.87	 	
Options forfeited	  	 	(1,561	) 	  	 	16.70	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				
Outstanding at December 31, 2015	  	 	2,405,371	 	  	 	21.39	 	
Options granted	  	 	572,625	 	  	 	12.27	 	
Options exercised	  	 	(477,910	) 	  	 	19.09	 	
Options forfeited	  	 	(265,755	) 	  	 	35.88	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				
Outstanding at December 31, 2016	  	 	2,234,331	 	  	 	22.67	 	
Options granted	  	 	1,198,726	 	  	 	12.21	 	
Options exercised	  	 	(74,643	) 	  	 	10.22	 	
Options forfeited	  	 	(183,417	) 	  	 	33.07	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				
Outstanding at December 31, 2017	  	 	3,174,997	 	  	 	18.36	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				
Options exercisable at December 31, 2017	  	 	1,634,133	 	  	$	19.63	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				
In May 2016, a retiring member of the Company’s Board of Directors exercised vested stock options on a cashless basis, whereby the Company withheld 19,022 shares to cover the $0.6 million of proceeds due to the Company, representing the aggregate exercise price of the options.
As of December 31, 2017, stock options outstanding and exercisable had average remaining contractual lives of 6.70 years and 5.20 years, respectively. Also, as of December 31, 2017, stock options outstanding and exercisable each had aggregate intrinsic values of $9.9 million and $4.6 million, respectively, and restricted stock awards outstanding had an aggregate intrinsic value of $31.0 million.
 
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The Company grants restricted stock to certain eligible employees as a component of its long-term incentive compensation program. The restricted stock award grants are made in accordance with the Company’s 2002 Plan and are issued and outstanding at the time of grant but are subject to forfeiture if the vesting conditions are not met. A summary of the non-vested restricted stock awards is as follows:

Restricted Stock Awards	  	Non-Vested
Restricted
Stock
Awards	 	  	Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value	 	
Non-vested at December 31, 2014	  	 	2,327,176	 	  	$	23.61	 	
Granted	  	 	973,742	 	  	 	45.40	 	
Vested	  	 	(930,159	) 	  	 	22.64	 	
Forfeited	  	 	(224,261	) 	  	 	29.01	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				
Non-vested at December 31, 2015	  	 	2,146,498	 	  	 	33.20	 	
Granted	  	 	1,245,184	 	  	 	31.77	 	
Vested	  	 	(893,190	) 	  	 	28.97	 	
Forfeited	  	 	(338,365	) 	  	 	33.87	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				
Non-vested at December 31, 2016	  	 	2,160,127	 	  	 	34.02	 	
Granted	  	 	980,419	 	  	 	13.89	 	
Vested	  	 	(730,160	) 	  	 	31.99	 	
Forfeited	  	 	(548,897	) 	  	 	30.27	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				
Non-vested at December 31, 2017	  	 	1,861,489	 	  	$	25.36	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				
Included in the 730,160 shares of restricted stock vested during the year ended December 31, 2017 are 268,512 shares with a weighted-average fair value of $15.77 per share that were withheld for tax withholding obligations upon vesting of such awards from stockholders who elected to net share settle such tax withholding obligation. Included in the 893,190 shares of restricted stock vested during the year ended December 31, 2016 are 335,423 shares with a weighted-average fair value of $27.69 per share that were withheld for tax withholding purposes upon vesting of such awards from stockholders who elected to net share settle such tax withholding obligation. Included in the 930,159 shares of restricted stock vested during the year ended December 31, 2015 are 370,449 shares with a weighted-average fair value of $40.48 per share that were withheld for tax withholding purposes upon vesting of such awards from stockholders who elected to net share settle such tax withholding obligation.
As of December 31, 2017, the Company had 1,932,375 shares available for issuance for either stock options or restricted stock awards under the 2002 Plan. Although there were also 296,921 shares available for issuance under the 1999 Plan, the Company has ceased granting equity awards under this plan. Additionally, the Company had 1,501,351 shares available for issuance under its 2001 Non-Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended (“ESPP”). The Company’s Board of Directors has determined that the final purchase period prior to December 31, 2017 would be the final purchase period under the ESPP, and the ESPP was terminated thereafter.
As of December 31, 2017, the Company had total unrecognized share-based compensation expense of $41.8 million related to all of its share-based awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.75 years. The intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $0.5 million, $5.8 million and $33.0 million, respectively. The total fair value of restricted stock which vested during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $23.4 million, $25.9 million and $21.1 million, respectively.
 
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The Company estimated the fair value of each stock option award on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Volatility (range)	  	 	46.5	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	49.2	% 	 	 	38.1	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	40.3	% 	 	 	39.9	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	40.1	% 	
Volatility (weighted average)	  				 	 	48.1	% 	 				 				 	 	38.3	% 	 				 				 	 	40.0	% 	 				
Risk-free interest rate (range)	  	 	1.9	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	2.2	% 	 	 	1.2	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	1.9	% 	 	 	0.8	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	1.8	% 	
Risk-free interest rate (weighted average)	  				 	 	2.1	% 	 				 				 	 	1.4	% 	 				 				 	 	1.7	% 	 				
Dividend yield	  				 	 	—  	% 	 				 				 	 	—  	% 	 				 				 	 	—  	% 	 				
Weighted-average expected life (years)	  				 	 	6.18	 	 				 				 	 	6.14	 	 				 				 	 	6.18	 	 				
Weighted average grant date fair value	  				 	$	5.93	 	 				 				 	$	12.27	 	 				 				 	$	17.08	 	 				
The Company estimated the fair value of each stock option award on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, wherein expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company’s common stock. The expected term calculation is based on the “simplified” method described in SAB No. 107, Share-Based Payments and SAB No. 110, Share-Based Payment, as the result of the simplified method provides a reasonable estimate in comparison to actual experience. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield at the date of grant for an instrument with a maturity that is commensurate with the expected term of the stock options. The dividend yield of zero is based on the fact that the Company has never paid cash dividends on its common stock and has no present intention to pay cash dividends. Options granted under each of the above plans generally vest over four years and have a term of 10 years.
The amount of share-based compensation expense recognized by the Company is as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Manufacturing expenses	  	$	4,975	 	  	$	6,364	 	  	$	4,479	 	
Research and development	  	 	16,174	 	  	 	5,697	 	  	 	5,996	 	
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	5,109	 	  	 	20,119	 	  	 	18,138	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	26,258	 	  	$	32,180	 	  	$	28,613	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The after tax impact of recognizing the share-based compensation expense related to FASB ASC Topic 718 on basic earnings per common share was $0.30, $0.31 and $0.20 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and diluted earnings per common share was $0.30, $0.31 and $0.20 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company recognized a deferred tax benefit, before consideration of tax valuation allowances, of $4.8 million, $9.6 million and $9.2 million in the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, related to share-based compensation expense recorded for non-qualified employee stock options and restricted stock awards.
The Company’s policy is to issue new shares to satisfy stock option exercises and to grant restricted stock awards.
Share based Compensation Expense related to Former Executives
In December 2016, the Company announced that G. Frederick Wilkinson and the Company mutually agreed that Mr. Wilkinson would separate from his positions as President and Chief Executive Officer of Impax and resign as a member of the Board of Directors of the Company, effective December 19, 2016. In connection with his separation from the Company, Mr. Wilkinson and the Company entered into a General Release and Waiver dated as of December 19, 2016 (the “General Release and Waiver”). The General Release and Waiver provided for 12 month accelerated vesting of certain of Mr. Wilkinson’s stock options and shares of restricted stock in
 
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accordance with the terms therein. As a result, during the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recorded $0.5 million of accelerated expense related to the accelerated vesting of certain of Mr. Wilkinson’s outstanding stock options and restricted stock.
The Company appointed Mr. Wilkinson as its President and Chief Executive Officer effective as of April 29, 2014. In accordance with Mr. Wilkinson’s appointment and pursuant to Mr. Wilkinson’s employment agreement with the Company, the Company granted to Mr. Wilkinson 150,000 shares of the Company’s restricted stock with a grant date fair value of $3.9 million, which vested as to one-third of the underlying shares on each of the six, 12 and 18 month anniversaries of April 29, 2014. Mr. Wilkinson also received pursuant to his employment agreement with the Company an award of 375,000 shares of restricted stock. The performance goals were achieved during fiscal year 2015 and pursuant to the terms of the employment agreement, 50% of Mr. Wilkinson’s performance-based restricted stock vested in 2015 and 50% vested in 2016. The Company valued these restricted stock awards subject to performance-based vesting using a Monte Carlo simulation and recognized the $7.6 million value of these awards over the longer of the derived or explicit service period, which was two years.
14. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
401(k) Defined Contribution Plan
The Company sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution plan covering all employees. Participants are permitted to contribute up to 25% of their eligible annual pre-tax compensation up to established federal limits on aggregate participant contributions. The Company matches 100% of the employee contributions up to a maximum of 5% of employee compensation. Discretionary profit-sharing contributions made by the Company, if any, are determined annually by the Board of Directors. Participants are 100% vested in discretionary profit-sharing and matching contributions made by the Company after three years of service, and are 25% and 50% vested after one and two years of service, respectively. There were $6.1 million, $7.4 million and $3.7 million in matching contributions and no discretionary profit-sharing contributions made under this plan for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In February 2001, the Board of Directors approved the 2001 Non-Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), with a 500,000 share reservation. The purpose of the ESPP was to enhance employee interest in the success and progress of the Company by encouraging employee ownership of common stock of the Company. The ESPP provided the opportunity to purchase the Company’s common stock at a 15% discount to the market price through payroll deductions or lump sum cash investments. Under the ESPP plan, for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Company sold shares of its common stock to its employees in the amount of 50,185, 29,612 and 35,275, respectively, for net proceeds of $0.6 million, $0.7 million and $1.2 million, respectively. The Company’s Board of Directors determined that the final purchase period prior to December 31, 2017 would be the final purchase period under the ESPP, and the ESPP was terminated thereafter.
Deferred Compensation Plan
In February 2002, the Board of Directors approved the Executive Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan (“ENQDCP”) effective August 15, 2002 covering executive level employees of the Company as designated by the Board of Directors. Participants can defer up to 75% of their base salary and quarterly sales bonus and up to 100% of their annual performance based bonus. The Company matches 50% of employee deferrals up to 10% of base salary and bonus compensation. The maximum total match by the Company cannot exceed 5% of total base and bonus compensation. Participants are vested in the employer match contribution at 20% each year, with 100% vesting after five years of employment. Participants can earn a return on their deferred compensation based on hypothetical investments in investment funds. Changes in the market value of the participant deferrals and
 
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earnings thereon are reflected as an adjustment to the liability for deferred compensation with an offset to compensation expense. There were $1.0 million, $1.0 million and $1.1 million in matching contributions under the ENQDCP for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
The deferred compensation liability is a non-current liability recorded at the value of the amount owed to the ENQDCP participants, with changes in the value of such amounts recognized as compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations. The calculation of the deferred compensation obligation is derived from observable market data by references to hypothetical investments selected by the participants and is included in the line item captioned “Other liabilities” on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company invests in corporate owned life insurance (“COLI”) policies, of which the cash surrender value is included in the line item captioned “Other assets” on the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had a cash surrender value asset of $43.0 million and $37.4 million, respectively, and a deferred compensation liability of $33.4 million and $28.6 million, respectively, which approximated fair value. The asset representing the cash surrender value of the corporate owned life insurance and the deferred compensation liability are both Level 2 fair value measurements.
15. RESTRUCTURINGS
Consolidation and Improvement Plan
On May 10, 2017, the Company announced that it initiated a series of actions designed to improve manufacturing and research and development (“R&D”) efficiencies, capitalize on growth opportunities, improve profitability and mitigate current challenges. The actions include:
 
 	•	 	Consolidating all of Generic R&D and U.S. manufacturing and packing operations to the Company’s Hayward, California facility;	
 
 	•	 	Continuing the previously announced closure of the Middlesex, New Jersey manufacturing site, which will now include the closure of the Middlesex Generic R&D site as further discussed below under “Middlesex, New Jersey Manufacturing and Packaging Operations” and “Middlesex, New Jersey Generic R&D”;	
 
 	•	 	Reorganizing certain functions including quality, engineering and supply chain operations as further described below under “Technical Operations Reduction-in-Force”;	
 
 	•	 	Reviewing strategic alternatives for the Company’s Taiwan facility, including a sale of the facility as further described below under “Sale of Impax Laboratories (Taiwan), Inc.” and	
 
 	•	 	Rationalizing the generic portfolio to eliminate low-value products and streamline operations such as the Company’s divestment during the second quarter of 2017 of 29 ANDAs and one NDA for approved non-strategic generic products, the vast majority of which were not marketed, and all acquired as part of the Tower Acquisition, as described in “Note 8. Intangible Assets and Goodwill.”	
By consolidating activities as outlined above, the Company expects to achieve cost savings and operating efficiency benefits while maintaining the infrastructure and expertise needed to capitalize on product and pipeline strengths. The Company currently expects to incur estimated charges for each initiative as described below. There are no charges currently expected to be incurred related to the rationalization of the generic product portfolio.
Middlesex, New Jersey Manufacturing and Packaging Operations
In March 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a plan of restructuring designed to reduce costs, improve operating efficiencies and enhance the Company’s long-term competitive position by closing the Company’s Middlesex, New Jersey manufacturing and packaging site and transferring the products and the functions performed there to the Company’s other facilities or to third-party manufacturers. This restructuring was expected to take up to two years to complete. As a result of the restructuring, 215 positions were eliminated.
 
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The Company incurred aggregate pre-tax charges of $43.4 million in connection with this plan through the year ended 2017 and does not anticipate any significant future charges. The following is a summary of the cumulative charges incurred by major type of cost (in thousands):

Type of Cost	  	Cumulative
Amount Incurred	 	
Employee retention and severance payments	  	$	12,725	 	
Technical transfer of products	  	 	9,544	 	
Asset impairment and accelerated depreciation charges	  	 	20,900	 	
Facilities lease terminations and asset retirement obligations	  	 	209	 	
Legal and professional fees	  	 	12	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total estimated restructuring charges	  	$	43,390	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Employee retention and severance payments are being accrued over the estimated service period. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded expense of $16.3 million and $27.1 million, respectively, to general and administrative expense in the Corporate and Other segment on the consolidated statements of operations.
A rollforward of the charges incurred to general and administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 2016 is as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Balance as of
December 31,
2015	 	  	Expensed
/Accrued
Expense	 	  	Cash
Payments	 	 	Non-Cash
Items	 	 	Balance as of
December 31,
2016	 	
Employee retention and severance payments	  	$	—  	 	  	$	6,636	 	  	$	(691	) 	 	$	—  	 	 	$	5,945	 	
Technical transfer of products	  	 	—  	 	  	 	6,573	 	  	 	(6,573	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Asset impairment and accelerated depreciation charges	  	 	—  	 	  	 	13,678	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	(13,678	) 	 	 	—  	 	
Facilities lease terminations and asset retirement obligations	  	 	—  	 	  	 	209	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	209	 	
Legal and professional fees	  	 	—  	 	  	 	12	 	  	 	(12	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	—  	 	  	$	27,108	 	  	$	(7,276	) 	 	$	(13,678	) 	 	$	6,154	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
A rollforward of the charges incurred to general and administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 2017 is as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Balance as of
December 31,
2016	 	  	Expensed
/Accrued
Expense	 	  	Cash
Payments	 	 	Non-Cash
Items	 	 	Balance as of
December 31,
2017	 	
Employee retention and severance payments	  	$	5,945	 	  	$	6,089	 	  	$	(4,648	) 	 	$	—  	 	 	$	7,386	 	
Technical transfer of products	  	 	—  	 	  	 	2,671	 	  	 	(2,671	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	
Asset impairment and accelerated depreciation charges	  	 	—  	 	  	 	7,525	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	(7,525	) 	 	 	—  	 	
Facilities lease terminations and asset retirement obligations	  	 	209	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	209	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	6,154	 	  	$	16,285	 	  	$	(7,319	) 	 	$	(7,525	) 	 	$	7,595	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized a liability of $7.6 and $6.2 million, respectively, in accrued expenses on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet and anticipates remaining payments to be made through early 2018.
 
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Middlesex, New Jersey Generic R&D
In May 2017, as part of its Consolidation and Improvement Plan, the Company announced its plan to close its Middlesex, New Jersey Generic R&D site and consolidate all Generic R&D activities to its Hayward, California facility. As a result, the Company eliminated a total of 31 positions in Middlesex. In connection with this Generic R&D consolidation, the Company incurred aggregate pre-tax charges for employee termination benefits, program termination costs and accelerated depreciation charges of $3.4 million through the end of 2017. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded $3.0 million of employee termination benefits and program termination costs and $0.4 million for accelerated depreciation charges, all to research and development on the consolidated statement of operations. As of December 31, 2017, $3.0 million of employee termination benefits and program termination costs had been paid.
Sale of Middlesex, New Jersey Assets
In the fourth quarter of 2017, management completed an evaluation of the assets located at the Company’s Middlesex, New Jersey facilities in accordance with ASC 360—Property, Plant and Equipment (“ASC 360”) to determine whether all of the “held for sale” criteria under subsection 360-10-45-9 had been met. Based upon management’s evaluation of the criteria under ASC 360, the Middlesex, New Jersey assets were determined to meet all of the “held for sale” criteria. As a result, the Company completed an impairment assessment related to the net book value of the assets of $5.6 million and based upon the estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell the assets the Company recorded a fixed asset impairment charges of $3.3 million in the Generic segment of its consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017.
On January 16, 2018, the Company sold all of its outstanding membership interests in CorePharma LLC, its wholly owned subsidiary, including certain specified assets within the entity, to a third party for a purchase price of $2.2 million.
Technical Operations Reduction-in-Force
In March 2017, the Company’s management determined that a reduction-in-force was necessary in the Company’s technical operations group in order to achieve greater operational efficiencies and to further streamline the organization. The Company identified 48 positions for elimination as of December 31, 2017. In connection with this reduction-in-force, the Company incurred aggregate pre-tax charges for employee termination benefits and other associated costs of $3.7 million through the end of 2017. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded $3.7 million of employee termination benefits and other associated costs to cost of revenues in the Impax Generics segment on the consolidated statement of operations. As of December 31, 2017, $2.0 million had been paid and $1.7 million of employee termination benefits were included in accrued expenses on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet and the Company estimates that all payments will be made by early 2018.
Sale of Impax Laboratories (Taiwan), Inc.
In May 2017, as part of its Consolidation and Improvement Plan, the Company announced that it was reviewing strategic alternatives for its Taiwan facility, including a sale of the facility to a qualified buyer capable of reliably producing Rytary ® in accordance with FDA requirements as the Company’s third party contract manufacturer (“CMO”) or, in the alternative, a closure of the facility following the completion of the technology transfer process to allow Rytary ® to be manufactured either in the Company’s Hayward, California facility or at a CMO. Following this announcement, management completed an evaluation of the Taiwan facility in accordance with ASC 360 to determine whether all of the “held for sale” criteria under subsection 360-10-45-9 had been met. Based upon the evaluation of the criteria, including management’s assessment of whether it was probable that a sale to a qualified buyer could be completed within one year, the Taiwan facility was determined to be “held and used” as of May 31, 2017.
 
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Following the “held and used” determination, management next evaluated the Taiwan facility for recoverability. Recoverability of property is evaluated by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset or asset group to the future net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. As the activities at the Taiwan facility were primarily focused on manufacturing Rytary ® , which product represented the majority of the unit volume produced and cash flows generated, the Taiwan facility was included in the Impax Specialty Pharma asset group. Based upon the cash flows expected to be generated by the Impax Specialty Pharma asset group, management determined that there was no impairment of the asset group which included the Taiwan facility as of May 31, 2017.
As of May 31, 2017, the remaining useful life of the Taiwan facility was estimated to be two years, which was based on the estimated time required to complete the technology transfer process for Rytary ® and reflected the new pattern of consumption of the expected benefits of the facility. The Company will recognize accelerated depreciation expense on a straight-line basis through May 31, 2019 to write the building and equipment associated with the Taiwan facility down to their estimated salvage values. For the year ended December 31, 2017 the Company recorded accelerated depreciation of $9.1 million.
After May 31, 2017 the Company continued to assess whether the Taiwan facility met the ASC 360 criteria. In the fourth quarter of 2017 based upon management’s valuation of the criteria the Taiwan facility was determined to meet all of the “held for sale” criteria. As a result, excluding assets and liabilities subject to customary working capital adjustment, the Company completed an impairment assessment of the net book value of $91.7 million related to the net assets to be sold, and based upon an estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell for the net assets, the Company recorded an asset impairment charge of $74.1 million in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, of which $73.6 million related to property, plant and equipment. The remaining assets and liabilities associated with the Taiwan entity, which were part of the Impax Specialty Pharma segment, were reclassified as held for sale.
The following table provides the components of assets and liabilities of the Taiwan operations held for sale as of December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

 	  	December 31, 2017	 	
Current assets	  	$	11,527	 	
Property, plant and equipment	  	 	18,500	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Assets held for sale	  	$	30,027	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Current liabilities	  	$	7,170	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Liabilities held for sale	  	$	7,170	 	
	  	 	 	 	
On December 19, 2017, the Company entered into a stock and asset purchase agreement with Bora Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. (“Bora”) pursuant to which Bora agreed to acquire the outstanding shares of Impax Laboratories (Taiwan), Inc. for $18.5 million in cash plus reimbursement for the closing working capital, subject to adjustment as defined in the agreement. The closing of the sale was completed on February 6, 2018.
Hayward, California Technical Operations and R&D
In November 2015, the Company’s management assessed the headcount in the technical operations and research and development groups in Hayward, California, primarily as a result of the resolution of the warning letter at the Hayward facility, and determined that a reduction-in-force was necessary to adjust the headcount to the operating conditions of the post-warning letter resolution environment. The Company eliminated 27 positions and recorded an accrual in the Impax Generics segment for severance and related employee termination benefits of $2.5 million during the quarter ended December 31, 2015. As of December 31, 2017, $2.3 million has been paid, and the Company currently expects the remainder of this balance to be paid by early 2018.
 
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Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Packaging and Distribution Operations
On June 30, 2015, the Company committed to a plan of restructuring of its packaging and distribution operations and as a result of this plan, the Company closed its Philadelphia packaging site and all Company-wide distribution operations were outsourced to United Parcel Services during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015. The Company eliminated 93 positions and recorded an accrual for severance and related employee termination benefits of $2.6 million during the quarter ended June 30, 2015. As of June 30, 2016, the full $2.6 million had been paid.
16. INCOME TAXES
The Company is subject to federal, state and local income taxes in the United States, and income taxes in Taiwan, R.O.C., the Republic of Ireland and the Netherlands. The provision for (benefit from) income taxes is comprised of the following (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Current:	  				  				  				
Federal taxes	  	$	(55,844	) 	  	$	21,386	 	  	$	48,078	 	
State taxes	  	 	(372	) 	  	 	266	 	  	 	2,286	 	
Foreign taxes	  	 	639	 	  	 	1,377	 	  	 	(442	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total current tax (benefit) expense	  	 	(55,577	) 	  	 	23,029	 	  	 	49,922	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Deferred:	  				  				  				
Federal taxes	  	$	73,357	 	  	$	(133,387	) 	  	$	(23,605	) 	
State taxes	  	 	(371	) 	  	 	5,502	 	  	 	(5,733	) 	
Foreign taxes	  	 	917	 	  	 	562	 	  	 	(213	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total deferred tax expense (benefit)	  	 	73,903	 	  	 	(127,323	) 	  	 	(29,551	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes	  	$	18,326	 	  	$	(104,294	) 	  	$	20,371	 	

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A reconciliation of the difference between the tax provision (benefit) at the federal statutory rate and actual income taxes on income before income taxes, which includes federal, state, and other income taxes, is as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
(Loss) income before income taxes	  	$	(450,961	) 	 				 	$	(576,325	) 	 				 	$	59,368	 	 				
	  	 	 	 	 				 	 	 	 	 				 	 	 	 	 				
Tax (benefit) provision at the federal statutory rate	  	 	(157,836	) 	 	 	35.0	% 	 	 	(201,714	) 	 	 	35.0	% 	 	 	20,779	 	 	 	35.0	% 	
Increase (decrease) in tax rate resulting from:	  				 				 				 				 				 				
Tax rate differential and permanent items on foreign income	  	 	662	 	 	 	(0.2	)% 	 	 	186	 	 	 	—  	% 	 	 	412	 	 	 	0.7	% 	
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	  	 	(8,291	) 	 	 	1.8	% 	 	 	(7,394	) 	 	 	1.3	% 	 	 	365	 	 	 	0.6	% 	
State research and development credits	  	 	(1,324	) 	 	 	0.3	% 	 	 	(1,767	) 	 	 	0.3	% 	 	 	(2,357	) 	 	 	(4.0	)% 	
Federal research and development credits	  	 	(1,243	) 	 	 	0.3	% 	 	 	(2,213	) 	 	 	0.4	% 	 	 	(2,672	) 	 	 	(4.5	)% 	
Share-based compensation	  	 	5,471	 	 	 	(1.2	)% 	 	 	1,768	 	 	 	(0.3	)% 	 	 	968	 	 	 	1.6	% 	
Executive compensation	  	 	543	 	 	 	(0.1	)% 	 	 	(761	) 	 	 	0.1	% 	 	 	3,140	 	 	 	5.3	% 	
Domestic manufacturing deduction	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	% 	 	 	(1,286	) 	 	 	0.2	% 	 	 	(1,422	) 	 	 	(2.4	)% 	
Other permanent book/tax differences	  	 	(1,846	) 	 	 	0.4	% 	 	 	(258	) 	 	 	—  	% 	 	 	2,003	 	 	 	3.4	% 	
Provision for uncertain tax positions	  	 	(807	) 	 	 	0.2	% 	 	 	337	 	 	 	—  	% 	 	 	184	 	 	 	0.3	% 	
Revision of prior years’ estimates	  	 	1,371	 	 	 	(0.3	)% 	 	 	(792	) 	 	 	0.1	% 	 	 	859	 	 	 	1.5	% 	
Taiwan rural area investment tax credit	  	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	% 	 	 	(2,134	) 	 	 	(3.6	)% 	
Impact on gross deferred net assets from 2017 Tax Reform Act	  	 	100,065	 	 	 	(22.2	)% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	% 	
Foreign withholding tax	  	 	1,534	 	 	 	(0.3	)% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	% 	
Other, net	  	 	2,888	 	 	 	(0.7	)% 	 	 	842	 	 	 	(0.1	)% 	 	 	246	 	 	 	0.4	% 	
Valuation allowance	  	 	77,139	 	 	 	(17.1	)% 	 	 	108,758	 	 	 	(18.9	)% 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	% 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes	  	$	18,326	 	 	 	(4.1	)% 	 	$	(104,294	) 	 	 	18.1	% 	 	$	20,371	 	 	 	34.3	% 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Deferred income taxes result from temporary differences between the financial statement carrying values and the tax bases of the Company’s assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets principally result from certain accruals and reserves currently not deductible for tax purposes, acquired product rights and intangibles, capitalized legal and share based compensation expense. Deferred tax liabilities principally result from acquired product rights and intangibles and the use of accelerated depreciation methods for income tax purposes.
A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. When determining the amount of net deferred tax assets that are more likely than not to be realized, the Company assesses all available positive and negative evidence. This evidence includes, but is not limited to, scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, prior earnings history, projected future earnings, carry-back and carry-forward periods and the feasibility of ongoing tax strategies that could potentially enhance the likelihood of the realization of a deferred tax asset. The weight given to the positive and negative evidence is commensurate with the extent the evidence may be objectively verified. As such, it is generally difficult for positive evidence regarding projected future taxable income (exclusive of reversing taxable temporary differences and carryforwards) to outweigh objective negative evidence of recent financial reporting losses for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.
Based on an evaluation of both the positive and negative evidence available, the Company determined that it was necessary to establish a valuation allowance against all of the net deferred tax assets for the year ended December 31, 2017 and against a significant portion of the net deferred tax assets for the year ended December 31, 2016. Given the objectively verifiable negative evidence of a three-year cumulative loss which, under the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 740 is a significant element of negative evidence that is difficult to overcome, and the weighting of all available positive evidence, the Company excluded projected taxable income
 
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from the assessment of income that could be used as a source of taxable income to realize the deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance recorded against the consolidated net deferred tax asset in 2017 and 2016 were $185.9 million and $108.8 million, respectively.
The components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):

 	  	December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	
Deferred tax assets:	  				  				
Accrued expenses	  	$	60,069	 	  	$	114,825	 	
Inventory reserves	  	 	17,602	 	  	 	15,873	 	
Net operating loss carryforwards	  	 	2,518	 	  	 	2,302	 	
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	2,657	 	  	 	651	 	
Acquired product rights and intangibles	  	 	118,168	 	  	 	128,401	 	
Capitalized legal fees	  	 	6,695	 	  	 	10,231	 	
Credit carryforwards	  	 	11,205	 	  	 	8,453	 	
Share based compensation expense	  	 	3,535	 	  	 	6,371	 	
Sale of subsidiary	  	 	7,794	 	  	 	—  	 	
Other	  	 	495	 	  	 	525	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Deferred tax assets	  	 	230,738	 	  	 	287,632	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Deferred tax liabilities:	  				  				
Tax depreciation and amortization in excess of book amounts	  	 	3,808	 	  	 	5,428	 	
Acquired product rights and intangibles	  	 	35,698	 	  	 	95,517	 	
Derivative	  	 	3,411	 	  	 	6,192	 	
Foreign withholding tax	  	 	1,824	 	  	 	—  	 	
Other	  	 	3,326	 	  	 	1,871	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Deferred tax liabilities	  	 	48,067	 	  	 	109,008	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Deferred tax assets (liabilities), net	  	 	182,671	 	  	 	178,624	 	
Valuation allowance	  	 	(185,897	) 	  	 	(108,758	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Deferred tax assets (liabilities), net after valuation allowance	  	$	(3,226	) 	  	$	69,866	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
A rollforward of unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 is as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Unrecognized tax benefits beginning of year	  	$	6,425	 	  	$	5,680	 	  	$	6,517	 	
Gross change for current year positions	  	 	328	 	  	 	549	 	  	 	1,079	 	
Gross change for prior period positions	  	 	(105	) 	  	 	1,318	 	  	 	(673	) 	
Gross change due to Tower Acquisition	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	1,037	 	
Decrease due to expiration of statutes of limitations	  	 	(972	) 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	
Decrease due to settlements and payments	  	 	—  	 	  	 	(1,122	) 	  	 	(2,280	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Unrecognized tax benefits end of year	  	$	5,676	 	  	$	6,425	 	  	$	5,680	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The amount of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $5.7 million, $6.4 million and $5.7 million, respectively, of which $5.0 million, $5.3 million and $4.3 million would impact the Company’s effective tax rate, respectively, if recognized. The Company currently does not believe that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will increase or decrease significantly over the next 12 months. Interest
 
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expense related to income taxes is included in “Interest expense, net” on the consolidated statements of operations. Net interest expense related to unrecognized tax benefits for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $(24,000), compared to $125,000 in 2016. Accrued interest expense as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Income tax penalties are included in “Other income (expense)” on the consolidated statements of operations. Accrued tax penalties of $0.6 million were booked in 2015 related to the 2010-2011 California audit and were paid in 2016.
Tower Holdings, Inc. (“Tower”) is currently under audit for federal income tax by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) for the tax year ended March 9, 2015, which pre-dates the Company’s acquisition of Tower. The Company and the former stockholders of Tower are currently cooperating with the IRS in connection with the audit. Under the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement related to the Tower Acquisition, the Company is not responsible for pre-acquisition income tax liabilities. Neither the Company nor any of its other affiliates is currently under audit for federal income tax.
Through March 31, 2017, no provision had been made for U.S. federal deferred income taxes on the excess of the amount for financial reporting over the tax basis of investments in foreign subsidiary since it had been the current intention of management to indefinitely reinvest the undistributed earnings in the foreign subsidiary.
As of June 30, 2017, following management’s announcement in May 2017 that it was reviewing potential options to either sell or close the Taiwan manufacturing facility and dissolve operations at Impax Taiwan, the Company changed its assertion related to the accumulated unremitted foreign earnings of its Taiwan subsidiary. The Company was no longer able to assert under ASC 740-30-25 that the unremitted foreign earnings are indefinitely reinvested outside the United States. Accordingly, the Company has recorded a deferred tax liability associated with remitting these earnings back to the United States.
Effect of 2017 Tax Reform Act
On December 22, 2017, the 2017 Tax Reform Act was signed into law. Among other things, the 2017 Tax Reform Act permanently lowers the corporate tax rate to 21% from the existing maximum rate of 35%, effective for tax years including or commencing January 1, 2018. As a result of the reduction of the corporate tax rate to 21%, U.S. GAAP require companies to re-value their deferred tax assets and liabilities as of the date of enactment, with resulting tax effects accounted for in the reporting period of enactment.
In connection with the Company’s initial analysis of the impact of the 2017 Tax Reform Act, the Company recorded a discrete net tax benefit of $0.4 million in the period ending December 31, 2017. This net tax benefit primarily consisted of the corporate rate reduction of $0.5 million and a net expense for the Transition Tax (as described below) of $0.1 million.
Although the Company is able to make a reasonable estimate of the impact of the reduction in its corporate tax rate, due to the 2017 Tax Reform Act, the Company’s estimate may be affected by other analyses related to the 2017 Tax Reform Act, including, but not limited to, the Company’s calculation of deemed repatriation of deferred foreign income and the state tax effect of adjustments made to federal temporary differences. The deemed repatriation transition tax, also referred to as the “Transition Tax”, is a tax on previously untaxed accumulated and current earnings and profits (“E&P”) of a company’s foreign subsidiaries. To determine the amount of the Transition Tax, the Company determined, in addition to other factors, the amount of post-1986 E&P of the Company’s relevant subsidiaries—including Impax Laboratories (Netherlands) CV, Impax (Netherlands) BV, Impax Laboratories Ireland Limited, and Impax Taiwan Inc,—as well as the amount of non-U.S. income taxes paid on such earnings. As such, the Company has made a reasonable estimate of the Transition Tax and recorded a Transition Tax obligation of $0.1 million, however, the Company continues to gather additional information to more precisely compute the amount of the Transition Tax. The Company continues to evaluate legislative changes, regulations, and notices regarding the applicable mechanics of the relevant rules impacting the estimate of the Transition Tax, and, the Company continues to evaluate cash versus non-cash earnings and profits, as the rates differ for the two different categories of earnings and profits.
 
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17. ALLIANCE AND COLLABORATION AGREEMENTS
The Company has entered into several alliance, collaboration, license and distribution agreements, and similar agreements with respect to certain of its products and services, with unrelated third-party pharmaceutical companies. The consolidated statements of operations include revenue recognized under agreements the Company has entered into to develop marketing and/or distribution relationships with its partners to fully leverage the technology platform and revenue recognized under development agreements which generally obligate the Company to provide research and development services over multiple periods.
The Company’s alliance and collaboration agreements often include milestones and provide for milestone payments upon achievement of these milestones. Generally, the milestone events contained in the Company’s alliance and collaboration agreements coincide with the progression of the Company’s products and technologies from pre-commercialization to commercialization.
The Company groups pre-commercialization milestones in its alliance and collaboration agreements into clinical and regulatory categories, each of which may include the following types of events:
Clinical Milestone Events:
 
 	•	 	Designation of a development candidate . Following the designation of a development candidate, generally, IND-enabling animal studies for a new development candidate take 12 to 18 months to complete.	
 
 	•	 	Initiation of a Phase I clinical trial . Generally, Phase I clinical trials take one to two years to complete.	
 
 	•	 	Initiation or completion of a Phase II clinical trial . Generally, Phase II clinical trials take one to three years to complete.	
 
 	•	 	Initiation or completion of a Phase III clinical trial . Generally, Phase III clinical trials take two to four years to complete.	
 
 	•	 	Completion of a bioequivalence study . Generally, bioequivalence studies take three months to one year to complete.	
Regulatory Milestone Events:
 
 	•	 	Filing or acceptance of regulatory applications for marketing approval such as a New Drug Application in the United States or Marketing Authorization Application in Europe . Generally, it takes six to 12 months to prepare and submit regulatory filings and two months for a regulatory filing to be accepted for substantive review.	
 
 	•	 	Marketing approval in a major market, such as the United States or Europe . Generally it takes one to three years after an application is submitted to obtain approval from the applicable regulatory agency.	
 
 	•	 	Marketing approval in a major market, such as the United States or Europe for a new indication of an already-approved product . Generally it takes one to three years after an application for a new indication is submitted to obtain approval from the applicable regulatory agency.	
Commercialization Milestone Events:
 
 	•	 	First commercial sale in a particular market , such as in the United States or Europe .	
 
 	•	 	Product sales in excess of a pre-specified threshold , such as annual sales exceeding $100  million . The amount of time to achieve this type of milestone depends on several factors including but not limited to the dollar amount of the threshold, the pricing of the product and the pace at which customers begin using the product.	
 
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License and Distribution Agreement with Shire
In January 2006, the Company entered into a License and Distribution Agreement with an affiliate of Shire Laboratories, Inc., which was subsequently amended (“Prior Shire Agreement”), under which the Company received a non-exclusive license to market and sell an authorized generic of Shire’s Adderall XR ® product (“AG Product”) subject to certain conditions, but in any event by no later than January 1, 2010. The Company commenced sales of the AG Product in October 2009. On February 7, 2013, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated License and Distribution Agreement with Shire (the “Amended and Restated Shire Agreement”), which amended and restated the Prior Shire Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Shire Agreement, the Company is required to pay to Shire a specified profit share based on sales of the AG Product and a specified profit share based on sales of our generic Adderall XR ® product. The Company began selling our generic Adderall XR ® product during the second quarter of 2016. The Company accrued a profit share payable to Shire of $2.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2017, based on sales of its generic Adderall XR ® product and reflecting adjustments for returns and government rebates from its previous sales of the AG Product and of $7.5 million and $19.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, based on sales of the AG Product and the Company’s generic Adderall XR ® product, in each case with a corresponding charge included in the cost of revenues line in the consolidated statements of operations.
Development, Supply and Distribution Agreement with Tolmar, Inc.
In June 2012, the Company entered into the Tolmar Agreement with Tolmar. Under the terms of the Tolmar Agreement, Tolmar granted to the Company an exclusive license to commercialize up to 11 generic topical prescription drug products, including 10 currently approved products in the United States and its territories; the parties agreed in 2015 to terminate development efforts of one product under the Tolmar Agreement that had been pending approval at the FDA. Under the terms of the Tolmar Agreement, Tolmar is responsible for developing and manufacturing the products, and the Company is responsible for marketing and sale of the products. As of December 31, 2017, the Company was currently marketing and selling four approved products. The Company is required to pay a profit share to Tolmar on sales of each product commercialized pursuant to the terms of the Tolmar Agreement.
The Company paid Tolmar a $21.0 million upfront payment upon signing of the agreement and, pursuant to the terms of the agreement, is also required to make payments to Tolmar up to an aggregate amount of $25.0 million upon the achievement of certain specified milestone events. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had paid a total of $20.0 million to Tolmar upon the achievement of certain specified milestone events, including $12.0 million upon the achievement of a regulatory milestone event and $5.0 million upon the achievement of a commercialization event, and does not currently expect to make any additional milestone payments under the agreement. The Company is required to pay a profit share to Tolmar on sales of the topical products, of which it accrued a profit share payable to Tolmar of $10.0 million, $36.4 million and $77.7 million during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, with a corresponding charge included in the cost of revenues line in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.
The Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with Tolmar in March 2012 (the “Tolmar Loan Agreement”), under which the Company agreed to lend to Tolmar one or more loans through December 31, 2014, in an aggregate amount not to exceed $15.0 million. The outstanding principal amount of, including any accrued and unpaid interest on, the loans under the Tolmar Loan Agreement are payable by Tolmar beginning from March 31, 2017 through March 31, 2020 or the maturity date, in accordance with the terms therein. Pursuant to the Tolmar Loan Agreement, Tolmar could prepay all or any portion of the outstanding balance of the loans prior to the maturity date without penalty or premium. In May 2016, Tolmar repaid in full the $15.0 million due to the Company under the Tolmar Loan Agreement.
 
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Strategic Alliance Agreement with Teva
The Company is a party to a Strategic Alliance Agreement dated as of June 27, 2001 with Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. (“Teva USA”), an affiliate of Teva, which was subsequently amended (“Teva Agreement”). The Teva Agreement commits the Company to develop and manufacture, and Teva to distribute, a specified number of controlled release generic pharmaceutical products (“generic products”), each for a 10-year period. As of December 31, 2017, the Company was supplying Teva with oxybutynin extended release tablets (Ditropan XL ® 5 mg, 10 mg and 15 mg extended release tablets); the other products under the Teva Agreement have either been returned to the Company, are being manufactured by Teva at its election, were voluntarily withdrawn from the market or the Company’s obligations to supply such product had expired or were terminated in accordance with the Teva Agreement.
Distribution, License, Development and Supply Agreement with AstraZeneca UK Limited
In January 2012, the Company entered into the AZ Agreement with AstraZeneca and the parties subsequently entered into a First Amendment to the AZ Agreement dated May 31, 2016 (as amended, the “AZ Amendment”). Under the terms of the AZ Agreement, AstraZeneca granted to the Company an exclusive license to commercialize the tablet, orally disintegrating tablet and nasal spray formulations of Zomig ® (zolmitriptan) products for the treatment of migraine headaches in the United States and in certain U.S. territories, except during an initial transition period when AstraZeneca fulfilled all orders of Zomig ® products on the Company’s behalf and AstraZeneca paid to the Company the gross profit on such Zomig ® products. Under the terms of the AZ Amendment, under certain conditions and depending on the nature and terms of the study agreed to with the FDA, the Company agreed to conduct, at its own expense, the juvenile toxicity study and pediatric study required by the FDA under the Pediatric Research Equity Act (“PREA”) for approval of the nasal formulation of Zomig ®  for the acute treatment of migraine in pediatric patients ages six through eleven years old, as further described in the study protocol mutually agreed to by the parties (the “PREA Study”). In consideration for the Company conducting the PREA Study at its own expense, the AZ Amendment provides for the total royalty payments payable by the Company to AstraZeneca on net sales of Zomig ®  products under the AZ Agreement to be reduced by certain specified amounts beginning from the quarter ended June 30, 2016 and through the quarter ended December 31, 2020, with such reduced royalty amounts totaling an aggregate amount of $30.0 million. In the event the royalty reduction amounts exceed the royalty payments payable by the Company to AstraZeneca pursuant to the AZ Agreement in any given quarter, AstraZeneca will be required to pay the Company an amount equal to the difference between the royalty reduction amount and the royalty payment payable by the Company to AstraZeneca. The Company’s commitment to perform the PREA Study may be terminated, without penalty, under certain circumstances as set forth in the AZ Amendment.
In May 2013, the Company’s exclusivity period for branded Zomig ® tablets and orally disintegrating tablets expired and the Company launched authorized generic versions of those products in the United States. As discussed above, pursuant to the AZ Amendment, the total royalty payments payable by the Company to AstraZeneca on net sales of Zomig ®  products under the AZ Agreement is reduced by certain specified amounts beginning from the quarter ended June 30, 2016 and through the quarter ended December 31, 2020, with such reduced royalty amounts totaling an aggregate amount of $30.0 million. The Company accrued a royalty payable to AstraZeneca of $17.8 million, $17.2 million and $16.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, with a corresponding charge included in the cost of revenues line on the consolidated statements of operations.
Mebendazole Product Acquisition Agreement with Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.
In August 2013, the Company, through its Amedra Pharmaceuticals subsidiary, entered into a product acquisition agreement (the “Mebendazole Product Acquisition Agreement”) with Teva pursuant to which the Company acquired the assets (including the ANDA and other regulatory materials) and related liabilities related to Teva’s mebendazole tablet product in all dosage forms. Pursuant to the Mebendazole Product Acquisition
 
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Agreement, the Company was required to pay certain milestone payments up to an aggregate amount of $3.5 million upon the approval and launch of the mebendazole tablet product; the Company paid the $3.5 million to Teva during the quarter ended March 31, 2016 upon the FDA’s approval and the Company’s subsequent launch of Emverm ® (mebendazole) 100 mg chewable tablets. The Company is also obligated to pay Teva a royalty payment based on net sales of Emverm ® , including a specified annual minimum royalty payment, subject to customary reductions and the other terms and conditions set forth in the Mebendazole Product Acquisition Agreement.
18. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Executive Employment Agreements
The Company is a party to employment and separation agreements with certain members of its executive management team that provide for severance and other payments following termination of their employment for various reasons.
Lease Agreements
The Company leases land, office space, manufacturing, warehouse and research and development facilities, and equipment under non-cancelable operating leases expiring between January 2018 and December 2027. Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $5.2 million, $4.9 million and $4.1 million, respectively. The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease period. The Company also leases certain equipment under various non-cancelable operating leases with various expiration dates between April 2018 and July 2022. Future minimum lease payments under the non-cancelable operating leases are as follows (in thousands):

Years ending December 31,	  	 	 	
2018	  	$	5,575	 	
2019	  	 	3,740	 	
2020	  	 	2,578	 	
2021	  	 	2,551	 	
2022	  	 	2,585	 	
Thereafter	  	 	11,113	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total minimum lease payments	  	$	28,142	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Purchase Order Commitments
As of December 31, 2017, the Company had $108.1 million of open purchase order commitments, primarily for raw materials. The terms of these purchase order commitments are generally less than one year in duration.
19. LEGAL AND REGULATORY MATTERS
Patent Litigation
There is substantial litigation in the pharmaceutical, biological, and biotechnology industries with respect to the manufacture, use, and sale of new products which are the subject of conflicting patent and intellectual property claims. One or more patents often cover the brand name products for which the Company is developing generic versions and the Company typically has patent rights covering the Company’s branded products.
Under federal law, when a drug developer files an ANDA for a generic drug seeking approval before expiration of a patent, which has been listed with the FDA as covering the brand name product, the developer must certify its product will not infringe the listed patent(s) and/or the listed patent is invalid or unenforceable
 
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(commonly referred to as a “Paragraph IV” certification). Notices of such certification must be provided to the patent holder, who may file a suit for patent infringement within 45 days of the patent holder’s receipt of such notice. If the patent holder files suit within the 45 day period, the FDA can review and approve the ANDA, but is prevented from granting final marketing approval of the product until a final judgment in the action has been rendered in favor of the generic drug developer, or 30 months from the date the notice was received, whichever is sooner. The Company’s generic products division is typically subject to patent infringement litigation brought by branded pharmaceutical manufacturers in connection with the Company’s Paragraph IV certifications seeking an order delaying the approval of the Company’s ANDA until expiration of the patent(s) at issue in the litigation. Likewise, the Company’s branded products division is currently involved in patent infringement litigation against generic drug manufacturers who have filed Paragraph IV certifications to market their generic drugs prior to expiration of the Company’s patents at issue in the litigation.
The uncertainties inherent in patent litigation make the outcome of such litigation difficult to predict. For the Company’s generic products division, the potential consequences in the event of an unfavorable outcome in such litigation include delaying launch of its generic products until patent expiration. If the Company were to launch its generic product prior to successful resolution of a patent litigation, the Company could be liable for potential damages measured by the profits lost by the branded product manufacturer rather than the profits earned by the Company if we are found to infringe a valid, enforceable patent. For the Company’s branded products division, an unfavorable outcome may significantly accelerate generic competition ahead of expiration of the patents covering the Company’s branded products. All such litigation typically involves significant expense.
The Company is generally responsible for all of the patent litigation fees and costs associated with current and future products not covered by its alliance and collaboration agreements. The Company has agreed to share legal expenses with respect to third-party and Company products under the terms of certain of the alliance and collaboration agreements. The Company records the costs of patent litigation as expense in the period when incurred for products it has developed, as well as for products which are the subject of an alliance or collaboration agreement with a third-party.
Although the outcome and costs of the asserted and unasserted claims is difficult to predict, based on the information presently known to management, the Company does not currently expect the ultimate liability, if any, for such matters to have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Patent Infringement Litigation
Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Grunenthal GmbH v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. and ThoRx Laboratories, Inc. (Oxymorphone hydrochloride); Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Grunenthal GmbH v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Oxymorphone hydrochloride)
In November 2012, Endo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Grunenthal GmbH filed suit against ThoRx Laboratories, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“ThoRx”), and the Company in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging patent infringement based on the filing of ThoRx’s ANDA relating to Oxymorphone hydrochloride, Extended Release tablets, 5 mg, 7.5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg and 40 mg, generic to Opana ER ® . In January 2013, Endo filed a separate suit against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging patent infringement based on the filing of the Company’s ANDA relating to the same products. ThoRx and the Company filed an answer and counterclaims to the November 2012 suit and the Company filed an answer and counterclaims with respect to the January 2013 suit. A bench trial was completed in April 2015. In June 2016, the Court entered an amended judgment in both cases that the products described in the Company’s and ThoRx’s ANDAs would, if marketed, infringe certain claims of the patents asserted by Endo and Grunenthal. The Court also found that the asserted claims of patents owned by Endo were not invalid, but that the asserted claims of patents owned by Grunenthal were invalid. As a result, the Court enjoined the Company and ThoRx from marketing their products until expiration of the Endo patents in 2023. The Company and ThoRx are appealing the Court’s judgment.
 
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In November 2014, Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Mallinckrodt LLC filed suit against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware making additional allegations of patent infringement based on the filing of the Company’s Oxymorphone hydrochloride ANDA described above. Also in November 2014, Endo and Mallinckrodt filed a separate suit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware making additional allegations of patent infringement based on the filing of ThoRx’s Oxymorphone hydrochloride ANDA described above. ThoRx and the Company filed an answer and counterclaim to those suits in which they are named as a defendant. The cases are currently stayed.
Impax Laboratories Inc., et al. v. Lannett Holdings, Inc. and Lannett Company (Zomig ® )
In July 2014, the Company filed suit against Lannett Holdings, Inc. and Lannett Company (collectively, “Lannett”) in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, alleging patent infringement based on the filing of the Lannett ANDA relating to Zolmitriptan Nasal Spray, 5mg, generic to Zomig ® Nasal Spray. The case went to trial in September 2016. On March 29, 2017, the District Court issued a Trial Opinion finding the asserted patents valid and infringed. On April 17, 2017, the District Court entered a Final Judgment and Injunction that, inter alia, bars FDA approval of Lannett’s proposed generic product prior to May 29, 2021. On May 12, 2017, Lannett filed a Notice of Appeal with the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. Briefing of Lannett’s appeal has been completed and oral argument is scheduled for April 5, 2018.
Impax Laboratories Inc., et al. v. Par Pharmaceutical, Inc. (Zomig ® )
On September 23, 2016, the Company filed suit against Par Pharmaceutical, Inc. (“Par”) in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, alleging patent infringement based on the filing of the Par ANDA relating to Zolmitriptan Nasal Spray, 2.5 mg and 5 mg, generic to Zomig ® Nasal Spray. On October 12, 2016, the parties stipulated to stay the case pending the outcome of the related case, Impax Laboratories Inc., et al. v. Lannett matter described above. On April 24, 2017, the parties stipulated that the stay shall remain in effect until the Impax Laboratories Inc., et al. v. Lannett matter is fully resolved. As such, Par has not yet filed an answer or counterclaims to the Company’s complaint. The 30-month stay of approval for applicable to the Par ANDA has been tolled pending resumption of this case.
Impax Laboratories Inc., et al. v. Actavis Laboratories, Inc. and Actavis Pharma Inc. (Rytary ® )
In September 2015, the Company filed suit against Actavis Laboratories, Inc. and Actavis Pharma Inc. (collectively, “Actavis”) in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, alleging patent infringement of U.S. Patent Nos. 7,094,427; 8,377,474; 8,454,998; 8,557,283; 9,089,607; 9,089,608, based on the filing of the Actavis ANDA relating to carbidopa and levodopa extended release capsules, generic to Rytary ® . The Company filed related actions alleging infringement of later-issued U.S. Patent No. 9,463,246 in December 2016 and of later-issued U.S. Patent No. 9,533,046 in May 2017. Both related actions were consolidated with the lead action. On December 15, 2017, the Patent and Trademark Office issued an Ex Parte Reexamination Certificate canceling all claims of the ‘427 patent; the parties subsequently stipulated to dismiss with prejudice all claims and counterclaims relating to the ‘427 patent. Fact discovery and claim construction briefing have concluded and a claim construction hearing was held on April 26, 2017. On May 9, 2017, the District Court issued a decision interpreting certain claim terms in dispute in the litigation. Subject to reservation of all rights to appeal the Court’s May 9, 2017 decision, the parties stipulated to dismiss without prejudice all claims and counterclaims relating to the ‘474, ‘998, and ‘607 patents, and the Court entered an order recognizing this stipulation on June 8, 2017. The parties have completed expert discovery and Actavis filed a summary judgment motion on October 23, 2017. Briefing on the summary judgment motion is complete and an oral hearing is scheduled for February 27, 2018. On February 20, 2018, the Court issued an order setting trial for March 6, 2018. On February 23, 2018, the parties filed a joint letter requesting a trial date in the first two weeks of May 2018. The Court has not yet responded to the parties’ letter.
 
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Impax Laboratories, Inc. v. Sandoz Inc. (Rytary ® )
On March 31, 2017, the Company filed suit against Sandoz Inc. in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, alleging infringement of U.S. Patent Nos. 7,094,427; 8,377,474; 8,454,998; 8,557,283; 9,089,607; 9,089,608; 9,463,246; and 9,533,046, based on the filing of Sandoz’s ANDA relating to carbidopa and levodopa extended release capsules, generic to Rytary ® . Sandoz has not yet answered or otherwise responded to the Complaint.
Impax Laboratories, Inc. v. Zydus Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. and Cadila Healthcare Ltd. (Rytary ® )
On December 21, 2017, the Company filed suit against Zydus Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. and Cadila Healthcare Ltd. (collectively, “Zydus”) in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, alleging infringement of U.S. Patent No. 9,089,608, based on the filing of Zydus’s ANDA relating to carbidopa and levodopa extended release capsules, generic to Rytary ® . Zydus has not yet answered or otherwise responded to the Complaint.
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, et al. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Apixiban)
On April 10, 2017, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company and Pfizer Inc. filed suit against the Company in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware alleging patent infringement based on the filing of the Company’s ANDA related to Apixaban Tablets, 2.5 mg and 5 mg, generic to Eliquis ® . The Company responded to the complaint on June 2, 2017 and Plaintiffs further responded on June 22, 2017. On September 22, 2017, the parties jointly filed a proposed schedule with the Court, proposing that the Company’s case and a number of related cases be consolidated. On November 3, 2017, the Court consolidated the related cases and set the case schedule. Trial is scheduled for October 15, 2019.
Biogen MA Inc. v. Impax Laboratories, Inc. (Dimethyl Fumarate)
On June 26, 2017, Biogen MA Inc. filed suit against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware alleging patent infringement based on the filing of the Company’s ANDA relating to Dimethyl Fumarate 120 and 240 mg capsules, generic to Tecfidera ® . The Company answered the complaint on October 16, 2017. On February 2, 2017, the Court consolidated the related cases and set the case schedule. Trial is scheduled for December 9, 2019.
Other Litigation Related to the Company’s Business
Solodyn ®  Antitrust Class  Actions
From July 2013 to January 2016, 18 complaints were filed as class actions on behalf of direct and indirect purchasers, as well as by certain direct purchasers, against manufacturers of the brand drug Solodyn ® and its generic equivalents, including the Company.
On July 22, 2013, Plaintiff United Food and Commercial Workers Local 1776 & Participating Employers Health and Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On July 23, 2013, Plaintiff Rochester Drug Co-Operative, Inc., a direct purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On August 1, 2013, Plaintiff International Union of Operating Engineers Local 132 Health and Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern
 
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District of California on behalf of itself and others similarly situated. On August 29, 2013, this Plaintiff withdrew its complaint from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, and on August 30, 2013, re-filed the same complaint in the United States Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On August 9, 2013, Plaintiff Local 274 Health & Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On August 12, 2013, Plaintiff Sheet Metal Workers Local No. 25 Health & Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On August 27, 2013, Plaintiff Fraternal Order of Police, Fort Lauderdale Lodge 31, Insurance Trust Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On August 29, 2013, Plaintiff Heather Morgan, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On August 30, 2013, Plaintiff Plumbers & Pipefitters Local 178 Health & Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On September 9, 2013, Plaintiff Ahold USA, Inc., a direct purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On September 24, 2013, Plaintiff City of Providence, Rhode Island, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Arizona on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On October 2, 2013, Plaintiff International Union of Operating Engineers Stationary Engineers Local 39 Health & Welfare Trust Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On October 7, 2013, Painters District Council No. 30 Health and Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On October 25, 2013, Plaintiff Man-U Service Contract Trust Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On March 13, 2014, Plaintiff Allied Services Division Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On March 19, 2014, Plaintiff NECA-IBEW Welfare Trust Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
 
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On February 25, 2014, the United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation ordered the pending actions transferred to the District of Massachusetts for coordinated pretrial proceedings, as In Re Solodyn (Minocycline Hydrochloride) Antitrust Litigation.
On March 26, 2015, Walgreen Co., The Kruger Co., Safeway Inc., HEB Grocery Company L.P., Albertson’s LLC, direct purchasers, filed a separate complaint in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania. On April 8, 2015, the Judicial Panel on Multi-District Litigation ordered the action be transferred to the District of Massachusetts, to be coordinated or consolidated with the coordinated proceedings. The original complaint filed by the plaintiffs asserted claims only against defendant Medicis. On October 5, 2015, the plaintiffs filed an amended complaint asserting claims against the Company and the other generic defendants.
On April 16, 2015, Rite Aid Corporation and Rite Aid Hdqtrs. Corp, direct purchasers, filed a separate complaint in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania. On May 1, 2015, the Judicial Panel on Multi-District Litigation ordered the action be transferred to the District of Massachusetts, to be coordinated or consolidated with the coordinated proceedings. The original complaint filed by the plaintiffs asserted claims only against defendant Medicis. On October 5, 2015, the plaintiffs filed an amended complaint asserting claims against the Company and the other generic defendants.
On January 25, 2016, CVS Pharmacy, Inc., a direct purchaser, filed a separate complaint in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania. On February 11, 2016, the Judicial Panel on Multi-District Litigation ordered the action to be transferred to the District of Massachusetts to be coordinated or consolidated with the coordinated proceedings.
The consolidated amended complaints allege that Medicis engaged in anticompetitive schemes by, among other things, filing frivolous patent litigation lawsuits, submitting frivolous Citizen Petitions, and entering into anticompetitive settlement agreements with several generic manufacturers, including the Company, to delay generic competition of Solodyn ® and in violation of state and federal antitrust laws. Plaintiffs seek, among other things, unspecified monetary damages and equitable relief, including disgorgement and restitution. On August 14, 2015, the District Court granted in part and denied in part defendants’ motion to dismiss the consolidated amended complaints. On October 16, 2017, the Court certified the Direct Purchaser Plaintiffs’ and End-Payor Plaintiffs’ classes. On October 30, 2017, the Company filed a petition for interlocutor appeal challenging the Court’s certification of the End-Payor Plantiffs’ class. On January 25, 2018, the Court denied Plaintiffs’ and the Company’s summary judgment motions. Trial is currently set for March 12, 2018.
Opana ER ® FTC Antitrust Suit
On February 25, 2014, the Company received a Civil Investigative Demand (“CID”) from the FTC concerning its investigation into the drug Opana ® ER and its generic equivalents. On March 30, 2016, the FTC filed a complaint against the Company, Endo, and others in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, alleging that the Company and Endo violated antitrust laws when they entered into a June 2010 co-promotion and development agreement and a June 2010 settlement agreement that resolved patent litigation in connection with the submission of the Company’s ANDA for generic original Opana ® ER. In July 2016, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss the complaint, and a motion to sever the claims regarding Opana ® ER from claims with respect to a separate settlement agreement that was challenged by the FTC. On October 20, 2016, the Court granted the motion to sever, formally terminating the suit against the Company, with an order that the FTC re-file no later than November 3, 2016 and dismissed the motion to dismiss as moot. On October 25, 2016, the FTC filed a notice of voluntary dismissal. On January 19, 2017, the FTC filed a Part 3 Administrative complaint against the Company with similar allegations regarding the Company’s June 2010 settlement agreement with Endo that resolved patent litigation in connection with the submission of the Company’s ANDA for generic original Opana ® ER. The Company filed its answer to the Administrative Complaint on February 7, 2017. Trial concluded on November 15, 2017. Post-trial briefing is complete and closing arguments were held February 15, 2018. A decision is pending.
 
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Opana ER ® Antitrust Class Actions
From June 2014 to April 2015, 14 complaints were filed as class actions on behalf of direct and end-payor (indirect) purchasers, as well as by certain direct purchasers, against the manufacturer of the brand drug Opana ER ® and the Company.
On June 4, 2014, Plaintiff Fraternal Order of Police, Miami Lodge 20, Insurance Trust Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On June 4, 2014, Plaintiff Rochester Drug Co-Operative, Inc., a direct purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On June 6, 2014, Plaintiff Value Drug Company, a direct purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California on behalf of itself and others similarly situated. On June 26, 2014, this Plaintiff withdrew its complaint from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, and on July 16, 2014, re-filed the same complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On June 19, 2014, Plaintiff Wisconsin Masons’ Health Care Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On July 17, 2014, Plaintiff Massachusetts Bricklayers, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On August 11, 2014, Plaintiff Pennsylvania Employees Benefit Trust Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On September 19, 2014, Plaintiff Meijer Inc., a direct purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On October 3, 2014, Plaintiff International Union of Operating Engineers, Local 138 Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On November 17, 2014, Louisiana Health Service & Indemnity Company d/b/a Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Louisiana on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On December 12, 2014, the United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation ordered the pending actions transferred to the Northern District of Illinois for coordinated pretrial proceedings, as In Re Opana ER Antitrust Litigation.
On December 19, 2014, Plaintiff Kim Mahaffay, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the Superior Court of the State of California, Alameda County, on behalf of herself and others similarly situated. On January 27, 2015, the Defendants removed the action to the United States District Court for the Northern District of California.
 
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On January 12, 2015, Plaintiff Plumbers & Pipefitters Local 178 Health & Welfare Trust Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On March 26, 2015 Walgreen Co., The Kruger Co., Safeway Inc., HEB Grocery Company L.P., Albertson’s LLC, direct purchasers, filed a separate complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois.
On April 23, 2015, Rite Aid Corporation and Rite Aid Hdqtrs. Corp, direct purchasers, filed a separate complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois.
In each case, the complaints allege that Endo engaged in an anticompetitive scheme by, among other things, entering into an anticompetitive settlement agreement with the Company to delay generic competition of Opana ER ® and in violation of state and federal antitrust laws. Plaintiffs seek, among other things, unspecified monetary damages and equitable relief, including disgorgement and restitution. Consolidated amended complaints were filed on May 4, 2015 by direct purchaser plaintiffs and end-payor (indirect) purchaser plaintiffs.
On July 3, 2015, defendants filed motions to dismiss the consolidated amended complaints, as well as the complaints of the “Opt-Out Plaintiffs” (Walgreen Co., The Kruger Co., Safeway Inc., HEB Grocery Company L.P., Albertson’s LLC, Rite Aid Corporation and Rite Aid Hdqtrs. Corp.).
On February 1, 2016, CVS Pharmacy, Inc. filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. The parties agreed that CVS Pharmacy, Inc. would be bound by the court’s ruling on the defendants’ motion to dismiss the Opt-Out Plaintiffs’ complaints.
On February 10, 2016, the court granted in part and denied in part defendants’ motion to dismiss the end-payor purchaser plaintiffs’ consolidated amended complaint, and denied defendants’ motion to dismiss the direct purchaser plaintiffs’ consolidated amended complaint. The end-payor purchaser plaintiffs have filed a second consolidated amended complaint and the Company has moved to dismiss certain state law claims.
On February 25, 2016, the court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss the Opt-Out Plaintiffs’ complaints, with leave to amend. The Opt-Out Plaintiffs and CVS Pharmacy, Inc. have filed amended complaints and the Company has filed its answer.
Discovery is ongoing. No trial date has been scheduled.
United States Department of Justice Investigations
Previously on November 6, 2014, the Company disclosed that one of its sales representatives received a grand jury subpoena from the Antitrust Division of the United States Justice Department (the “Justice Department”). In connection with this same investigation, on March 13, 2015, the Company received a grand jury subpoena from the Justice Department requesting the production of information and documents regarding the sales, marketing, and pricing of certain generic prescription medications. In particular, the Justice Department’s investigation currently focuses on four generic medications: digoxin tablets, terbutaline sulfate tablets, prilocaine/lidocaine cream, and calcipotriene topical solution. The Company has been cooperating and intends to continue cooperating with the investigation. However, no assurance can be given as to the timing or outcome of the investigation.
Attorney General of the State of Connecticut Interrogatories and Subpoena Duces Tecum
On July 14, 2014, the Company received a subpoena and interrogatories (the “Subpoena”) from the State of Connecticut Attorney General (“Connecticut AG”) concerning its investigation into sales of the Company’s
 
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generic product, digoxin. According to the Connecticut AG, the investigation is to determine whether anyone engaged in a contract, combination or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce which has the effect of (i) fixing, controlling or maintaining prices or (ii) allocating or dividing customers or territories relating to the sale of digoxin in violation of Connecticut state antitrust law. The Company intends to cooperate with the Connecticut AG in producing documents and information in response to the Subpoena. To the knowledge of the Company, no proceedings by the Connecticut AG have been initiated against the Company at this time; however no assurance can be given as to the timing or outcome of this investigation.
In re Generic Pharmaceuticals Pricing Antitrust Litigation
From March 2016 to April 2017, 22 complaints were filed as class actions on behalf of direct and indirect purchasers against manufacturers of generic digoxin and doxycycline and the Company alleging a conspiracy to fix, maintain and/or stabilize prices of these generic products. From January 2017 to April 2017, three complaints were filed on behalf of indirect purchasers against manufacturers of generic lidocaine/prilocaine and the Company alleging a conspiracy to fix, maintain and/or stabilize prices of these generic products.
On March 2, 2016, Plaintiff International Union of Operating Engineers Local 30 Benefits Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated. The plaintiff filed an amended complaint on June 9, 2016.
On March 25, 2016, Plaintiff Tulsa Firefighters Health and Welfare Trust, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On March 25, 2016, Plaintiff NECA-IBEW Welfare Trust Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On April 4, 2016, Plaintiff Pipe Trade Services MN, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On April 25, 2016, Plaintiff Edward Carpinelli, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On April 27, 2016, Plaintiff Fraternal Order of Police, Miami Lodge 20, Insurance Trust Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On May 2, 2016, Plaintiff Nina Diamond, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On May 5, 2016, Plaintiff UFCW Local 1500 Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On May 6, 2016, Plaintiff Minnesota Laborers Health and Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
 
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On May 12, 2016, Plaintiff the City of Providence, Rhode Island, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On May 18, 2016, Plaintiff KPH Healthcare Services, Inc. a/k/a Kinney Drugs, Inc., a direct purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On May 19, 2016, Plaintiff Philadelphia Federation of Teachers Health and Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On June 8, 2016, Plaintiff United Food & Commercial Workers and Employers Arizona Health and Welfare Trust, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On June 17, 2016, Plaintiff Ottis McCrary, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On June 20, 2016, Plaintiff Rochester Drug Co-Operative, Inc., a direct purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On June 27, 2016, Plaintiff César Castillo Inc., a direct purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On June 29, 2016, Plaintiff Plumbers & Pipefitters Local 33 Health and Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On July 1, 2016, Plaintiff Plumbers & Pipefitters Local 178 Health and Welfare Trust Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On July 15, 2016, Plaintiff Ahold USA, Inc., a direct purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On September 7, 2016, Plaintiff United Here Health, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On September 20, 2016, Plaintiff Valerie Velardi, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated.
On January 13, 2017, Plaintiff International Union of Operating Engineers Local 30 Benefits Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated against manufacturers of generic lidocaine/prilocaine and the Company alleging a conspiracy to fix, maintain and/or stabilize prices of this generic drug.
 
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On April 17, 2017, Plaintiff UFCW Local 1500 Welfare Fund, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated against manufacturers of generic lidocaine/prilocaine and the Company alleging a conspiracy to fix, maintain and/or stabilize prices of this generic drug.
On April 25, 2017, Plaintiff Louisiana Health Service Indemnity Company, an indirect purchaser, filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of itself and others similarly situated against manufacturers of generic lidocaine/prilocaine and the Company alleging a conspiracy to fix, maintain and/or stabilize prices of this generic drug.
On May 19, 2016, several indirect purchaser plaintiffs filed a motion with the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation to transfer and consolidate the actions in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The Judicial Panel ordered the actions consolidated in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania and ordered that the actions be renamed “ In re Generic Digoxin and Doxycycline Antitrust Litigation ” . On January 27, 2017, plaintiffs filed two consolidated class action complaints. With respect to doxycycline, the plaintiffs dropped their allegations against the Company. On March 28, 2017, the Company, separately and along with other defendants, filed motions to dismiss the digoxin class action complaint. On April 6, 2017, the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation ordered the consolidation of all civil actions involving allegations of antitrust conspiracies in the generic pharmaceutical industry regarding 18 generic drugs to the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The consolidated actions have been renamed In re Generic Pharmaceuticals Pricing Antitrust Litigation . On October 6, 2017, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the digoxin complaint. Briefing on the motion to dismiss is complete and a decision is pending.
On January 19, 2018, Plaintiffs The Kroger Co., Albertsons Companies, LLC, and H.E. Butt Grocery Company L.P., opt-outs, filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania against 35 companies, including the Company, alleging a conspiracy to fix, maintain and/or stabilize prices of thirty drugs and specifically digoxin and lidocaine/prilocaine with respect to the Company. No schedule has been set.
AWP Litigation
On December 30, 2015, Plumbers’ Local Union No. 690 Health Plan and others similarly situated filed a class action against several generic drug manufacturers, including the Company, in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, Civil Trial Division, alleging that the Company and others violated the law, including the Pennsylvania Unfair Trade Practices and Consumer Protection law, by inflating the Average Wholesale Price (“AWP”) of certain generic drugs. The case has since been removed to federal court in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. By virtue of an amended complaint filed on March 29, 2016, the suit has been amended to comprise a nationwide class of third party payors that allegedly reimbursed or purchased certain generic drugs based on AWP and to assert causes of action under the laws of other states in addition to Pennsylvania. On May 17, 2016, this case was stayed. On January 18, 2017, the Company, along with the other defendants, filed a joint motion to dismiss the complaint. On September 15, 2017, the Court dismissed the complaint with prejudice. The time period to file an appeal has elapsed.
On February 5, 2016, Delaware Valley Health Care Coalition filed a lawsuit based on substantially similar allegations in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, Civil Trial Division that seeks declaratory judgment. On May 20, 2016, this case was stayed pending resolution of the federal court action described above.
Impax Laboratories, Inc. v. Turing Pharmaceuticals AG
On May 2, 2016, the Company filed suit against Turing Pharmaceuticals AG (“Turing”) in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging breach of the terms of the contract by which Turing
 
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purchased from the Company the right to sell the drug Daraprim ® , as well as the right to sell certain Daraprim ® inventory (the “Purchase Agreement”). Specifically, the Company seeks (i) a declaratory judgment that the Company may revoke Turing’s right to sell Daraprim ® under the Company’s labeler code and national drug codes; (ii) specific performance to require Turing to comply with its obligations under the Purchase Agreement for past due reports and for reports going forward; and (iii) money damages to remedy Turing’s failure to reimburse the Company for chargebacks and Medicaid rebate liability when due, currently in excess of $40.9 million, and for future amounts that may be due. Turing has filed its answer and a counterclaim against the Company alleging breach of contract and breach of the duty of good faith and fair dealing. Discovery is closed. On October 14, 2016, the Company filed a motion for summary judgment. The District Court issued its order on September 29, 2017. The Court found that Turing breached the Purchase Agreement by failing to reimburse the Company for Medicaid rebate liability, however, the Court also found that the Company breached the Purchase Agreement by not filing a restatement with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services at Turing’s request. Therefore, the Company was not entitled to damages. On October 13, 2017, the Company filed a Motion for Clarification / Reconsideration of the Summary Judgment Order. Briefing on the motion is complete and a decision is pending.
Telephone Consumer Protection Act Cases
On January 31, 2017, Plaintiff Family Medicine Pharmacy LLC filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Alabama on behalf of itself and others similarly situated against the Company alleging violation of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, as amended by the Junk Fax Prevention Act of 2005 (the “Telephone Consumer Protection Act”). On March 27, 2017, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the complaint and plaintiff filed an amended complaint on April 10, 2017. On July 18, 2017, the parties reached an agreement in principle regarding the class settlement. On September 29, 2017, the District Court preliminarily approved the proposed class settlement. The Court is scheduled to hold a hearing on March 6, 2018 regarding the final approval of the proposed class settlement.
On February 14, 2017, Plaintiff Medicine To Go Pharmacies, Inc. filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey on behalf of itself and others similarly situated against the Company alleging violation of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act. On April 17, 2017, the Company filed a motion to dismiss, transfer, or stay this case in light of the first-filed case described above. This case was transferred to the Southern District of Alabama. On September 15, 2017, the Court stayed this matter pending the final approval of the class settlement described above.
Securities Class Action
On April 17, 2017, Lead Plaintiff New York Hotel Trades Council & Hotel Association of New York City, Inc. Pension Fund filed an amended class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California on behalf of itself and others similarly situated against the Company alleging violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5. The Company filed its motion to dismiss the amended complaint on June 1, 2017 and briefing has been completed.
Shareholder Derivative Action
On February 22, 2017, Plaintiff Ed Lippman filed a shareholder derivative complaint in the Superior Court for the State of California in the County of Alameda on behalf of the Company against former executives, a current executive, and certain current members of the board of directors alleging breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, and corporate waste. This matter has been stayed pending the securities class action referenced above.
Teva v. Impax Laboratories, Inc.
On February 15, 2017, Plaintiffs Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. and Teva Pharmaceuticals Curacao N.V. (“Teva”) filed a Praecipe to Issue Writ of Summons and Writ of Summons (precursor to a complaint) in the
 
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Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas against the Company alleging that the Company breached the Strategic Alliance Agreement between the parties by not indemnifying Teva in its two litigations with GlaxoSmithKline LLC regarding Wellbutrin ® XL. The Company filed a Motion to Disqualify Teva’s counsel related to the matter, and on August 23, 2017, the Court denied the Company’s motion. Following the Court’s order, Teva filed its complaint. The Company has filed its appeal regarding the disqualification order, and oral argument will be held on April 10, 2018. The matter is currently stayed.
California Wage and Hour Class Action
On August 3, 2017, Plaintiff Emielou Williams filed a class action complaint in the Superior Court for the State of California in the County of Alameda on behalf of herself and others similarly situated against the Company alleging violation of California Business and Professions Code section 17200 by violating various California wage and hour laws. On October 10, 2017, the Company filed a Demurrer and Motion to Strike Class Allegations. On December 12, 2017, the Court overruled the Company’s Demurrer to Plaintiff’s individual claims, however, it struck all of Plaintiff’s class allegations. Discovery is ongoing.
Securities Class Actions
On December 12, 2017 and December 14, 2017, Plaintiffs Susan Vana and David Stone, respectively, filed class action complaints in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California on behalf of themselves and others similarly situated against the Company alleging violations of Sections 14(a) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 generally alleging that the Registration Statement on Form S-4 related to the proposed business combination with Amneal Pharmaceuticals, LLC (“Amneal”) contains false and misleading statements and/or omissions concerning the financial projections of the Company, Amneal, and New Amneal; Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC’s valuation analyses and Fairness Opinions relating to the Company and Amneal; potential conflicts of interest associated with one of the Company’s financial advisors and the proposed business combination with Amneal; and background information of the proposed business combination, including confidentiality agreements entered into by the Company in connection with the proposed business combination. No schedule has been set.
20. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company has two reportable segments, Impax Generics and Impax Specialty Pharma. Impax Generics develops, manufactures, sells, and distributes generic pharmaceutical products, primarily through the following sales channels: the Impax Generics sales channel for sales of generic prescription products directly to wholesalers, large retail drug chains, and others; the Private Label Product sales channel for generic over-the-counter and prescription products sold to unrelated third-party customers who, in turn, sell the products under their own label; the Rx Partner sales channel for generic prescription products sold through unrelated third-party pharmaceutical entities under their own label pursuant to alliance agreements; and the OTC Partner sales channel for over-the-counter products sold through unrelated third-party pharmaceutical entities under their own labels pursuant to alliance and supply agreements. Revenues from generic products are reported under the caption “Impax Generics, net.”
Impax Specialty Pharma is engaged in the development, sale and distribution of proprietary brand pharmaceutical products that the Company believes represent improvements to already-approved pharmaceutical products addressing central nervous system (“CNS”) disorders and other select specialty segments. Impax Specialty Pharma currently has one internally developed branded pharmaceutical product, Rytary ® (IPX066), an extended release oral capsule formulation of carbidopa-levodopa for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, post-encephalitic parkinsonism, and parkinsonism that may follow carbon monoxide intoxication and/or manganese intoxication, which was approved by the FDA on January 7, 2015 and which the Company launched in April 2015. In November 2015, the European Commission granted marketing authorization for Numient ® (IPX066) (referred to as Rytary ® in the United States). The review of the Numient ® application was conducted under the
 
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centralized licensing procedure as a therapeutic innovation, and authorization is applicable in all 28 member states of the European Union, as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. Impax Specialty Pharma is also engaged in the sale and distribution of four other branded products including Zomig ® (zolmitriptan) products, indicated for the treatment of migraine headaches, under the terms of the AZ Agreement with AstraZeneca in the United States and in certain U.S. territories, and Emverm ® (mebendazole) 100 mg chewable tablets, indicated for the treatment of pinworm, whipworm, common roundworm, common hookworm, and American hookworm in single or mixed infections.
Revenues from branded products are reported under the cation “Impax Specialty Pharma, net.” Impax Specialty Pharma also has a number of product candidates that are in varying stages of development.
The Company’s chief operating decision maker evaluates the financial performance of the Company’s segments based upon segment income (loss) before income taxes. Items below income (loss) from operations are not reported by segment, since they are excluded from the measure of segment profitability reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker. Additionally, general and administrative expenses, certain selling expenses, certain litigation settlements, and non-operating income and expenses are included in “Corporate and Other.” The Company does not report balance sheet information by segment since it is not reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker. The accounting policies for the Company’s segments are the same as those described above in the discussion of “Revenue Recognition” and in “Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.” The Company has no inter-segment revenue.
The tables below present segment information reconciled to total Company financial results, with segment operating income or loss including gross profit less direct research and development expenses and direct selling expenses as well as any litigation settlements, to the extent specifically identified by segment (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31, 2017	  	Impax
Generics	 	 	Impax
Specialty
Pharma	 	 	Corporate
and Other	 	 	Total
Company	 	
Revenues, net	  	$	549,077	 	 	$	226,710	 	 	$	—  	 	 	$	775,787	 	
Cost of revenues	  	 	454,911	 	 	 	80,212	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	535,123	 	
Cost of revenues impairment charges	  	 	96,865	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	96,865	 	
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	28,294	 	 	 	67,949	 	 	 	120,027	 	 	 	216,270	 	
Research and development	  	 	63,245	 	 	 	17,602	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	80,847	 	
In-process research and development impairment charges	  	 	192,809	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	192,809	 	
Fixed assets impairment charges	  	 	8,380	 	 	 	74,128	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	82,508	 	
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	  	 	(31,048	) 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	(31,048	) 	
Patent litigation	  	 	827	 	 	 	4,278	 	 	 	—  	 	 	 	5,105	 	
(Loss) before income taxes	  	 	(265,206	) 	 	 	(17,459	) 	 	 	(168,296	) 	 	 	(450,961	) 	

Year Ended December 31, 2016	  	Impax
Generics	 	 	Impax
Specialty
Pharma	 	  	Corporate
and Other	 	 	Total
Company	 	
Revenues, net	  	$	606,320	 	 	$	218,109	 	  	$	—  	 	 	$	824,429	 	
Cost of revenues	  	 	417,316	 	 	 	69,583	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	486,899	 	
Cost of revenues impairment charges	  	 	464,319	 	 	 	24,313	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	488,632	 	
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	20,508	 	 	 	61,448	 	  	 	119,874	 	 	 	201,830	 	
Research and development	  	 	61,980	 	 	 	18,486	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	80,466	 	
In-process research and development impairment charges	  	 	27,765	 	 	 	25,200	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	52,965	 	
Patent litigation	  	 	829	 	 	 	6,990	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	7,819	 	
(Loss) income before income taxes	  	 	(386,397	) 	 	 	12,089	 	  	 	(202,017	) 	 	 	(576,325	) 	
 
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Year Ended December 31, 2015	  	Impax
Generics	 	  	Impax
Specialty
Pharma	 	  	Corporate
and Other	 	 	Total
Company	 	
Revenues, net	  	$	710,932	 	  	$	149,537	 	  	$	—  	 	 	$	860,469	 	
Cost of revenues	  	 	442,742	 	  	 	58,020	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	500,762	 	
Cost of revenues impairment charges	  	 	7,303	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	7,303	 	
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	29,641	 	  	 	52,427	 	  	 	119,219	 	 	 	201,287	 	
Research and development	  	 	52,478	 	  	 	18,144	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	70,622	 	
In-process research and development impairment charges	  	 	6,360	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	6,360	 	
Patent litigation	  	 	2,942	 	  	 	1,625	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	4,567	 	
Income (loss) before income taxes	  	 	169,466	 	  	 	19,321	 	  	 	(129,419	) 	 	 	59,368	 	
Significant Products
The Company generally consolidates net revenue by “product family,” meaning that it consolidates net revenue from products containing the same active ingredient(s) irrespective of dosage strength, delivery method or packaging size. The Company’s significant product families, as determined based on net revenue, and their percentage of the Company’s consolidated net revenue for each of the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 are set forth in the tables below (in thousands):

Segment	  	Product Family	  	2017	 	
 	  	 	  	$	 	  	%	 	
Impax Generics	  	Epinephrine Auto-Injector family (generic Adrenaclick ® )	  	$	113,931	 	  	 	15% (1)	 	
Impax Specialty Pharma	  	Rytary ® family	  	$	91,637	 	  	 	12% (2)	 	
Impax Generics	  	Oxymorphone HCI ER family	  	$	68,587	 	  	 	9% (3)	 	
Impax Generics	  	Budesonide family	  	$	51,548	 	  	 	7% (4)	 	
Impax Generics	  	Zomig family	  	$	51,115	 	  	 	7% (5)	 	

Segment	  	Product Family	  	2016	 	
 	  	 	  	$	 	  	%	 	
Impax Generics	  	Epinephrine Auto-Injector family (generic Adrenaclick ® )	  	$	91,572	 	  	 	11% (1)	 	
Impax Specialty Pharma	  	Rytary ® family	  	$	73,833	 	  	 	9% (2)	 	
Impax Generics	  	Oxymorphone HCI ER family	  	$	72,661	 	  	 	9% (3)	 	
Impax Generics	  	Diclofenac Sodium Gel family (generic Solaraze ® )	  	$	69,035	 	  	 	8% (6)	 	
Impax Generics	  	Fenofibrate family	  	$	64,001	 	  	 	8% (7)	 	

Segment	  	Product Family	  	2015	 	
 	  	 	  	$	 	  	%	 	
Impax Generics	  	Diclofenac Sodium Gel family (generic Solaraze ® )	  	$	148,610	 	  	 	17% (6)	 	
Impax Generics	  	Amphetamine Salts ER (CII) family (generic Adderall ® )	  	$	106,252	 	  	 	12% (8)	 	
Impax Generics	  	Fenofibrate family	  	$	93,458	 	  	 	11% (7)	 	
Impax Generics	  	Metaxalone family (generic Skelaxin)	  	$	69,876	 	  	 	8% (9)	 	
Impax Generics	  	Oxymorphone HCI ER family	  	$	59,175	 	  	 	7% (3)	 	
 
(1)	Epinephrine Auto-Injector (generic Adrenaclick ® ) product family consists of the injector product in two different strengths and is indicated in the emergency treatment of allergic reactions (Type 1) including anaphylaxis.	
(2)	Rytary ® product family consists of the capsules product in four different strengths and is indicated for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, post-encephalitic parkinsonism, and parkinsonism that may follow carbon monoxide intoxication or manganese intoxication.	
(3)	Oxymorphone Hydrochloride Extended Release product family consists of the oxymorphone hydrochloride extended release tablet formulation of the product in seven different strengths and is indicated for the	
 
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 	management of pain severe enough to require daily, around-the-clock, long-term opioid treatment and for which alternative treatment options are inadequate.	
(4)	Budesonide Inhalation Suspension (generic Pulmicort Respules ® ) product family consists of two products strengths and is indicated for the maintenance treatment of asthma.	
(5)	Zomig ® product family consists of products in tablet, orally disintegrating tablet, and nasal spray dosage forms in six different strengths and is indicated for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age or older.	
(6)	Diclofenac Sodium Gel (generic Solaraze ® ) product family consists of one product strength and is indicated for the topical treatment of actinic keratosis.	
(7)	Fenofibrate product family consists of products in both capsule and tablet dosage forms in seven different strengths and is indicated as adjunctive therapy to diet to reduce elevated LDL-C, Total-C, Triglycerides and Apo B, and to increase HDL-C in adult patients with primary hypercholesterolemia or mixed dyslipidemia (Fredrickson Types IIa and IIb); and also indicated as adjunctive therapy to diet for treatment of adult patients with hypertriglyceridemia (Fredrickson Types IV and V hyperlipidemia).	
(8)	Amphetamine Salts extended release capsules, CII (generic Adderall XR ® ) product family consists of the capsules product in six different strengths and is indicated for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.	
(9)	Metaxalone (generic Skelaxin ® ) product family consists of the tablet product in two different strengths and is indicated as an adjunct to rest, physical therapy, and other measures for the relief of discomforts associated with acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions.	
Foreign Operations
The Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Impax Laboratories (Taiwan), Inc., constructed a manufacturing facility in Taiwan which was utilized for manufacturing, warehouse, and administrative functions, as well as some limited research and development activities. On the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017, Impax Laboratories (Taiwan), Inc. represented $22.9 million of net carrying value of assets, which are included in assets and liabilities held for sale. See “Note 15. Restructurings” for additional information related to the sale of the Taiwan operations in the first quarter of 2018.
 
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21. SUPPLEMENTARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (Unaudited)
Selected financial information for the quarterly periods noted is as follows:

 	  	2017 Quarters Ended	 	
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	  	March 31	 	 	June 30	 	 	September 30	 	 	December 31	 	
Revenue:	  				 				 				 				
Impax Generics sales, gross	  	$	635,897	 	 	$	663,167	 	 	$	622,252	 	 	$	584,374	 	
Less:	  				 				 				 				
Chargebacks	  	 	298,744	 	 	 	286,092	 	 	 	281,835	 	 	 	302,394	 	
Rebates	  	 	164,792	 	 	 	170,398	 	 	 	162,914	 	 	 	144,344	 	
Product returns	  	 	9,733	 	 	 	15,210	 	 	 	7,003	 	 	 	4,657	 	
Other credits	  	 	28,481	 	 	 	40,578	 	 	 	19,402	 	 	 	20,036	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Impax Generics sales, net	  	 	134,147	 	 	 	150,889	 	 	 	151,098	 	 	 	112,943	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Impax Specialty Pharma sales, gross	  	 	84,133	 	 	 	84,238	 	 	 	107,407	 	 	 	111,918	 	
Less:	  				 				 				 				
Chargebacks	  	 	9,828	 	 	 	8,967	 	 	 	14,121	 	 	 	10,058	 	
Rebates	  	 	4,483	 	 	 	4,682	 	 	 	5,914	 	 	 	6,198	 	
Product returns	  	 	1,844	 	 	 	1,416	 	 	 	3,614	 	 	 	4,234	 	
Other credits	  	 	17,722	 	 	 	17,980	 	 	 	28,464	 	 	 	21,461	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Impax Specialty Pharma revenues, net	  	 	50,256	 	 	 	51,193	 	 	 	55,294	 	 	 	69,967	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total revenues	  	 	184,403	 	 	 	202,082	 	 	 	206,392	 	 	 	182,910	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Gross profit	  	 	24,891	 	 	 	72,406	 	 	 	34,033	 	 	 	12,469	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net loss	  	$	(98,431	) 	 	$	(20,417	) 	 	$	(49,369	) 	 	$	(301,070	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net loss per common share:	  				 				 				 				
Basic	  	$	(1.37	) 	 	$	(0.28	) 	 	$	(0.69	) 	 	$	(4.18	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Diluted	  	$	(1.37	) 	 	$	(0.28	) 	 	$	(0.69	) 	 	$	(4.18	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:	  				 				 				 				
Basic	  	 	71,594,472	 	 	 	71,803,920	 	 	 	71,924,592	 	 	 	72,098,533	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Diluted	  	 	71,594,472	 	 	 	71,803,920	 	 	 	71,924,592	 	 	 	72,098,533	 	

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Quarterly computations of net loss per share amounts are made independently for each quarterly reporting period, and the sum of the per share amounts for the quarterly reporting periods may not equal the per share amounts for the year-to-date reporting period.

 	  	2016 Quarters Ended	 	
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	  	March 31	 	 	June 30	 	 	September 30	 	 	December 31	 	
Revenue:	  				 				 				 				
Impax Generics sales, gross	  	$	614,176	 	 	$	532,968	 	 	$	658,099	 	 	$	690,674	 	
Less:	  				 				 				 				
Chargebacks	  	 	217,354	 	 	 	197,864	 	 	 	252,303	 	 	 	308,253	 	
Rebates	  	 	185,476	 	 	 	178,097	 	 	 	183,347	 	 	 	211,359	 	
Product returns	  	 	11,913	 	 	 	10,237	 	 	 	16,151	 	 	 	7,920	 	
Other credits	  	 	29,354	 	 	 	25,075	 	 	 	30,978	 	 	 	23,916	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Impax Generics revenues, net	  	 	170,079	 	 	 	121,695	 	 	 	175,320	 	 	 	139,226	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Impax Specialty Pharma sales, gross	  	 	82,073	 	 	 	81,254	 	 	 	77,841	 	 	 	108,121	 	
Less:	  				 				 				 				
Chargebacks	  	 	6,111	 	 	 	8,826	 	 	 	5,439	 	 	 	15,253	 	
Rebates	  	 	2,853	 	 	 	2,430	 	 	 	3,556	 	 	 	3,016	 	
Product returns	  	 	1,508	 	 	 	1,279	 	 	 	574	 	 	 	2,802	 	
Other credits	  	 	16,172	 	 	 	17,824	 	 	 	15,683	 	 	 	27,854	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Impax Specialty Pharma revenues, net	  	 	55,429	 	 	 	50,895	 	 	 	52,589	 	 	 	59,196	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total revenues	  	 	225,508	 	 	 	172,590	 	 	 	227,909	 	 	 	198,422	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Gross profit (loss)	  	 	102,590	 	 	 	72,984	 	 	 	(165,426	) 	 	 	(161,250	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net loss	  	$	(10,408	) 	 	$	(2,701	) 	 	$	(179,337	) 	 	$	(279,585	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net loss per common share:	  				 				 				 				
Basic	  	$	(0.15	) 	 	$	(0.04	) 	 	$	(2.51	) 	 	$	(3.91	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Diluted	  	$	(0.15	) 	 	$	(0.04	) 	 	$	(2.51	) 	 	$	(3.91	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:	  				 				 				 				
Basic	  	 	70,665,394	 	 	 	71,100,123	 	 	 	71,331,247	 	 	 	71,487,071	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Diluted	  	 	70,665,394	 	 	 	71,100,123	 	 	 	71,331,247	 	 	 	71,487,071	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Quarterly computations of net loss per share amounts are made independently for each quarterly reporting period, and the sum of the per share amounts for the quarterly reporting periods may not equal the per share amounts for the year-to-date reporting period.
 
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 SCHEDULE II, VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(In thousands)

Column A	  	Column B	 	  	Column C	 	 	Column D	 	 	Column E	 	
Description	  	Balance at
Beginning of
Period	 	  	Charge to
Costs and
Expenses	 	  	Charge to
Other
Accounts	 	 	Deductions	 	 	Balance at
End of
Period	 	
For the Year Ended December 31, 2015:	  				  				  				 				 				
Reserve for bad debts	  	$	515	 	  	 	5,122	 	  	 	9,550	* 	 	 	—  	 	 	$	15,187	 	
For the Year Ended December 31, 2016:	  				  				  				 				 				
Reserve for bad debts	  	$	15,187	 	  	 	41,213	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	(1,664	) 	 	$	54,736	 	
For the Year Ended December 31, 2017:	  				  				  				 				 				
Reserve for bad debts	  	$	54,736	 	  	 	3,804	 	  	 	—  	 	 	 	(9,117	) 	 	$	49,423	 	
* Represents reserve for bad debts acquired.
 
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226,738,335 Shares
Atlas Holdings, Inc.
Class A Common Stock

 

 
            , 2018

 

Table of Contents
Part II
Information Not Required in Prospectus
Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
The following table sets forth the costs and expenses, other than the underwriting discounts and commissions, payable by the registrant in connection with the sale of Class A common stock being registered. All amounts are estimates except for the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, registration fee and the FINRA filing fee.

Item	  	Amount to
be paid	 	
SEC registration fee	  	$	539,172	 	
FINRA filing fee	  	 	*	 	
Printing expenses	  	 	25,000	 	
Legal fees and expenses	  	 	200,000	 	
Accounting fees and expenses	  	 	25,000	 	
Transfer agent fees and expenses	  	 	20,000	 	
Miscellaneous expenses	  	 	50,000	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	859,172	 	

*	These fees are calculated based on the amount of securities offered and accordingly cannot be estimated at this time. To the extent required, any applicable prospectus supplement will set forth the estimated aggregate amount of expenses payable in respect of any offering of securities.	
Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Section 145(a) of the Delaware General Corporation Law provides, in general, that a corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation), because he or she is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding, if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.
Section 145(b) of the Delaware General Corporation Law provides, in general, that a corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor because the person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, except that no indemnification shall be made with respect to any claim, issue or matter as to which he or she shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or other adjudicating court determines that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all of the circumstances of the case, he or she is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses that the Court of Chancery or other adjudicating court shall deem proper.
 
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Section 145(g) of the Delaware General Corporation Law provides, in general, that a corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify the person against such liability under Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law.
The New Amneal Charter provides for the mandatory indemnification, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, of any person who was or is made or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that he, or a person for whom he is the legal representative, is or was a director or officer of New Amneal or is or was serving at the request of New Amneal as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or nonprofit entity, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) reasonably incurred by such person.
However, New Amneal will not be required to indemnify any director or officer in connection with any proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person or any proceeding by such person against New Amneal or its directors, officers, employees or other agents unless (i) such indemnification is expressly required to be made by applicable law, (ii) the proceeding was authorized by the New Amneal Board, (iii) such indemnification is provided by New Amneal, in its sole discretion, or (iv) such indemnification is required to be made under the New Amneal Charter, pursuant to the powers vested in New Amneal under the DGCL or any other applicable law.
The New Amneal Charter provides for mandatory advancement of expenses incurred by any indemnified person; provided the person to whom expenses are advanced undertakes to repay such amounts if it is ultimately determined that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified by New Amneal under its Charter or otherwise.
However, no advance will be made by New Amneal to an executive officer of New Amneal (except when such executive officer is or was a director of New Amneal) in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, if a determination is reasonably and promptly made (i) by a majority vote of directors who were not parties to the proceeding, even if not a quorum, or (ii) by a committee of such directors designated by a majority vote of such directors, even though less than a quorum, or (iii) if there are no such directors, or such directors so direct, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, that the facts known to the decision-making party at the time such determination is made demonstrate clearly and convincingly that such person acted in bad faith or in a manner that such person did not believe to be in or not opposed to the best interests of New Amneal.
In any underwriting agreement we enter into in connection with the sale of Class A common stock being registered hereby, the underwriters will agree to indemnify, under certain conditions, us, our directors, our officers and persons who control us within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, against certain liabilities.
Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
In the three years preceding the filing of this registration statement, we have issued the following securities that were not registered under the Securities Act:
In connection with the Combination and the PIPE Investment, members of the Amneal Group entered into the PIPE Purchase Agreement with the PIPE Investors. Pursuant to the PIPE Purchase Agreement, upon the Closing of the Combination, members of the Amneal Group exercised their right to the Redemption. Following
 
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the Redemption, the members of the Amneal Group sold such shares of Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock to the PIPE Investors at a per share purchase price of $18.25 for gross proceeds of approximately $855,000,000. Following the PIPE Investment, the PIPE Investors own collectively approximately 15% of the New Amneal Shares on a fully diluted and as converted basis, with TPG owning all outstanding shares of Class B-1 common stock. See “ The Combination and the PIPE Investment .”
Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
 
 	(a)	Exhibits	
See the Exhibit Index attached to this Registration Statement, which is incorporated by reference herein.
 
 	(b)	Financial statement schedules	
Schedules not listed above have been omitted because the information required to be set forth therein is not applicable or is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.
Item 17. Undertakings
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
The undersigned hereby undertakes:
 
(1)	To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:	
 
 	(i)	to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;	
 
 	(ii)	to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “ Calculation of Registration Fee ” table in the effective registration statement; and	
 
 	(iii)	to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;	
 
(2)	that for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.	
 
(3)	to remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.	
 
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(4)	that, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:	
 
 	(i)	if the registrant is relying on Rule 430B:	
 
 	(A)	each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and	
 
 	(B)	each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial  bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; or	
 
 	(ii)	If the registrant is subject to Rule 430C, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use;	
 
(5)	to deliver or cause to be delivered with the prospectus, to each person to whom the prospectus is sent or given, the latest annual report, to security holders that is incorporated by reference in the prospectus and furnished pursuant to and meeting the requirements of Rule 14a-3 or Rule 14c-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and, where interim financial information required to be presented by Article 3 of Regulation S-X is not set forth in the prospectus, to deliver, or cause to be delivered to each person to whom the prospectus is sent or given, the latest quarterly report that is specifically incorporated by reference in the prospectus to provide such interim financial information;	
 
(6)	that for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective; and	
 
(7)	that for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the	
 
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 	registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.	
 
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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit
Number	  	Description of Exhibit	
  2.1*	  	Business Combination Agreement, dated as of October 17, 2017, among Impax Laboratories, Inc., Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, Atlas Holdings, Inc. and K2 Merger Sub Corporation.	
		
  2.2*	  	Amendment No. 1, dated as of November 21, 2017, to the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of October  17, 2017, by and among Impax Laboratories, Inc., Atlas Holdings, Inc., K2 Merger Sub Corporation and Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC.	
		
  2.3*	  	Amendment No. 2, dated as of December 16, 2017, to the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of October  17, 2017, by and among Impax Laboratories, Inc., Atlas Holdings, Inc., K2 Merger Sub Corporation and Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC.	
		
  2.4*	  	PIPE Side Letter, dated November 21, 2017, by and among Amneal Holdings, LLC, Atlas Holdings, Inc., and TPG Improv Holdings, L.P.	
		
  3.1*	  	Form of Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Atlas Holdings, Inc.	
		
  3.2*	  	Form of Bylaws of Atlas Holdings, Inc.	
		
  3.3*	  	Form of Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC.	
		
  4.1*	  	Indenture, dated as of June 30, 2015, between Impax Laboratories, Inc. and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee.	
		
  4.2*	  	Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 6, 2017, between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee.	
		
  5.1*	  	Opinion of Latham & Watkins LLP.	
		
10.1*	  	Commitment Letter, dated as of October 17, 2017, among JPMorgan Chase Bank, Bank of America, N.A., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC.	
		
10.2**	  	Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of the Closing Date, among Amneal Pharmaceuticals, LLC, the subsidiary loan parties thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., RBC Capital Markets, and the other lenders party thereto.	
		
10.3**	  	Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of the Closing Date, among Amneal Pharmaceuticals, LLC, the subsidiary loan parties thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., RBC Capital Markets, and the other lenders party thereto.	
		
10.4*	  	Second Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement, dated as of December 16, 2017, among Atlas Holdings, Inc., Amneal Pharmaceuticals Holdings Company LLC, AP Class D Member, LLC, AP Class  E Member, LLC and AH PPU Management, LLC.	
		
10.5*	  	Tax Receivable Agreement, among Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC and the Members of Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC from time to time party thereto.	
		
10.6*†	  	Form of Atlas Holdings, Inc. 2018 Incentive Award Plan.	
		
10.7*†	  	Employment Agreement, dated December 16, 2017, by and among Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, Atlas Holdings, Inc. and Robert A. Stewart.	
		
10.8*†	  	Memorandum of Understanding, dated December 16, 2017, by and among Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, Paul M. Bisaro, Impax Laboratories, Inc., Amneal Holdings, LLC and Atlas Holdings, Inc.	
		
10.9*†	  	Employment Agreement, dated March 24, 2017, by and between Impax Laboratories, Inc. and Paul M. Bisaro.	

Table of Contents

Exhibit
Number	  	Description of Exhibit	
		
10.10*†	  	Employment Agreement, dated January 24, 2018, by and among Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, Amneal Holdings, LLC and Andrew Boyer.	
		
10.11*†	  	Employment Agreement, dated December 12, 2012, by and among Impax Laboratories, Inc. and Bryan M. Reasons	
		
10.12*†	  	Amendment to Employment Agreement, dated April 1, 2014, by and between Impax Laboratories, Inc. and Bryan M. Reasons	
		
10.13*†	  	Impax Laboratories, Inc. Executive Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan, amended and restated effective January 1, 2008.	
		
10.14*†	  	Amendment to Impax Laboratories, Inc. Executive Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan, effective as of January 1, 2009.	
		
10.15*	  	Letter Agreement, dated as of June 25, 2015, between RBC Capital Markets LLC and Impax regarding the Base Warrants.	
		
10.16*	  	Letter Agreement, dated as of June 25, 2015, between RBC Capital Markets LLC and Impax regarding the Base Call Option Transaction.	
		
10.17*	  	Letter Agreement, dated as of June 26, 2015, between RBC Capital Markets LLC and Impax regarding the Additional Warrants.	
		
10.18*	  	Letter Agreement, dated as of June 26, 2015, between RBC Capital Markets LLC and Impax regarding the Additional Call Option Transaction.	
		
21.1*	  	Subsidiaries of Registrant.	
		
23.1*	  	Consent of Latham & Watkins LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).	
		
23.2*	  	Consent of KPMG LLP.	
		
23.3*	  	Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.	
		
24.1#	  	Power of Attorney.	

#	Previously filed.	
*	Filed herewith.	
**	To be filed by amendment.	
†	Indicates management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements in which our executive officers or directors participate.	

Table of Contents
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement on Form S-1 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Hayward, State of California on April 13, 2018.

ATLAS HOLDINGS, INC.	
		
By:	 	/s/ Bryan M. Reasons	
Name:	 	Bryan M. Reasons	
Title:	 	Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Director (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	

Table of Contents
 SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on April 13, 2018.

Signature	 	Title	
		
/s/ Paul M. Bisaro	 	President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)	
Paul M. Bisaro	 		
		
/s/ Bryan M. Reasons	 	Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and
Director (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	
Bryan M. Reasons	 		
		
*	 	Director	
Mark A. Schlossberg	 		

*By:	 	/s/ Bryan M. Reasons	
	 	Bryan M. Reasons	
	 	Attorney-in-fact	

Exhibit 2.1

 
EXECUTION VERSION

 
BUSINESS COMBINATION AGREEMENT
Dated as of October 17, 2017
By and Among
IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.,
ATLAS HOLDINGS, INC.,
K2 MERGER SUB CORPORATION
and
AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS LLC

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 	  	 	  	Page	 	
ARTICLE I THE TRANSACTIONS	  	 	2	 	
			
Section 1.01	  	The Holdco Charter Amendment and the Impax Merger; The LLC Conversion; The Contribution and Unit Issuance; The Class B Common Stock Issuance	  	 	2	 	
Section 1.02	  	Transaction Structure	  	 	4	 	
Section 1.03	  	Closing	  	 	4	 	
Section 1.04	  	Organizational Documents of the Surviving Company	  	 	4	 	
Section 1.05	  	Holdco Governance	  	 	5	 	
Section 1.06	  	Directors and Officers of the Surviving Company	  	 	5	 	
		
ARTICLE II CONVERSION OF SECURITIES	  	 	5	 	
			
Section 2.01	  	Effect on Capital Stock of Impax and Merger Sub	  	 	5	 	
Section 2.02	  	Effect on Holdco Common Stock	  	 	5	 	
Section 2.03	  	Exchange of Impax Certificates and Impax Book-Entry Shares	  	 	5	 	
Section 2.04	  	Treatment of Impax Equity Awards; Impax ESPP	  	 	7	 	
Section 2.05	  	Certain Adjustments	  	 	8	 	
		
ARTICLE III REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF IMPAX	  	 	8	 	
			
Section 3.01	  	Organization, Standing and Corporate Power	  	 	8	 	
Section 3.02	  	Subsidiaries	  	 	8	 	
Section 3.03	  	Capital Structure	  	 	9	 	
Section 3.04	  	Authority; Noncontravention	  	 	9	 	
Section 3.05	  	Valid Issuance	  	 	10	 	
Section 3.06	  	Governmental Approvals	  	 	10	 	
Section 3.07	  	Impax SEC Documents; No Undisclosed Liabilities	  	 	11	 	
Section 3.08	  	Information Supplied	  	 	12	 	
Section 3.09	  	Absence of Certain Changes or Events	  	 	12	 	
Section 3.10	  	Litigation	  	 	12	 	
Section 3.11	  	Contracts	  	 	12	 	
Section 3.12	  	Compliance with Laws	  	 	14	 	
Section 3.13	  	FDA Regulatory Matters	  	 	16	 	
Section 3.14	  	Employee Benefit Plans	  	 	18	 	
Section 3.15	  	Taxes	  	 	20	 	
Section 3.16	  	Intellectual Property	  	 	21	 	
Section 3.17	  	Real Property	  	 	24	 	
Section 3.18	  	Environmental Matters	  	 	25	 	
Section 3.19	  	Labor Matters	  	 	25	 	
Section 3.20	  	Insurance	  	 	26	 	
Section 3.21	  	Prohibited Persons	  	 	26	 	
Section 3.22	  	Transactions with Related Parties	  	 	27	 	
Section 3.23	  	Brokers and Other Advisors	  	 	27	 	
Section 3.24	  	Opinion of Financial Advisor	  	 	27	 	
Section 3.25	  	State Takeover Statutes	  	 	27	 	
Section 3.26	  	No Rights Agreement	  	 	27	 	
Section 3.27	  	Requisite Stockholder Approval	  	 	27	 	
Section 3.28	  	Holdco	  	 	27	 	
Section 3.29	  	Exclusivity of Representations; No Limitation of Other Representations	  	 	28	 	
		
ARTICLE IV REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF AMNEAL	  	 	28	 	
			
Section 4.01	  	Organization, Standing and Corporate Power	  	 	28	 	
 
i

							
 	  	 	  	Page	 	
Section 4.02	  	Subsidiaries	  	 	28	 	
Section 4.03	  	Capital Structure	  	 	29	 	
Section 4.04	  	Authority; Noncontravention	  	 	29	 	
Section 4.05	  	Valid Issuance of Amneal Units	  	 	30	 	
Section 4.06	  	Governmental Approvals	  	 	30	 	
Section 4.07	  	Amneal Financial Statements; No Undisclosed Liabilities	  	 	30	 	
Section 4.08	  	Information Supplied	  	 	31	 	
Section 4.09	  	Absence of Certain Changes or Events	  	 	31	 	
Section 4.10	  	Litigation	  	 	31	 	
Section 4.11	  	Contracts	  	 	31	 	
Section 4.12	  	Compliance with Laws	  	 	33	 	
Section 4.13	  	FDA Regulatory Matters	  	 	34	 	
Section 4.14	  	Amneal Benefit Plans	  	 	36	 	
Section 4.15	  	Taxes	  	 	38	 	
Section 4.16	  	Intellectual Property	  	 	39	 	
Section 4.17	  	Real Property	  	 	42	 	
Section 4.18	  	Environmental Matters	  	 	43	 	
Section 4.19	  	Labor Matters	  	 	44	 	
Section 4.20	  	Insurance	  	 	44	 	
Section 4.21	  	Prohibited Persons	  	 	44	 	
Section 4.22	  	Transactions with Related Parties	  	 	45	 	
Section 4.23	  	Brokers and Other Advisors	  	 	45	 	
Section 4.24	  	Requisite Amneal Written Consent	  	 	45	 	
Section 4.25	  	Financing	  	 	45	 	
Section 4.26	  	Exclusivity of Representations; No Limitation of Other Representations	  	 	46	 	
		
ARTICLE V COVENANTS RELATING TO CONDUCT OF BUSINESS	  	 	47	 	
			
Section 5.01	  	Conduct of Business	  	 	47	 	
Section 5.02	  	Solicitation by Impax; Competing Proposals; Change of Recommendation	  	 	53	 	
		
ARTICLE VI ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS	  	 	56	 	
			
Section 6.01	  	Registration Statement; Proxy Statement/Prospectus	  	 	56	 	
Section 6.02	  	Impax Stockholder Meeting	  	 	57	 	
Section 6.03	  	Access to Information; Confidentiality	  	 	57	 	
Section 6.04	  	Regulatory Approvals; Efforts	  	 	57	 	
Section 6.05	  	Indemnification; Insurance	  	 	59	 	
Section 6.06	  	Fees and Expenses	  	 	60	 	
Section 6.07	  	Public Announcements	  	 	60	 	
Section 6.08	  	Stockholder Litigation	  	 	60	 	
Section 6.09	  	Employee Matters	  	 	60	 	
Section 6.10	  	Cooperation	  	 	61	 	
Section 6.11	  	Financing	  	 	61	 	
Section 6.12	  	Stock Exchange Delisting and Deregistration	  	 	65	 	
Section 6.13	  	New York Stock Exchange Listing	  	 	65	 	
Section 6.14	  	Section 16 Matters	  	 	65	 	
Section 6.15	  	ISRA Compliance	  	 	66	 	
Section 6.16	  	Certain Pre-Closing Actions	  	 	66	 	
Section 6.17	  	Impax Director and Officer Resignations	  	 	66	 	
Section 6.18	  	Certain Tax Matters	  	 	66	 	
Section 6.19	  	Treatment of Impax Convertible Notes; Convertible Note Hedge Transactions	  	 	67	 	
 
ii

							
 	  	 	  	Page	 	
ARTICLE VII CONDITIONS PRECEDENT	  	 	70	 	
			
Section 7.01	  	Conditions to Each Party’s Obligation to Effect the Transactions	  	 	70	 	
Section 7.02	  	Conditions to Obligation of Amneal	  	 	70	 	
Section 7.03	  	Conditions to Obligation of Impax and Holdco	  	 	71	 	
Section 7.04	  	Frustration of Closing Conditions	  	 	71	 	
		
ARTICLE VIII TERMINATION	  	 	71	 	
			
Section 8.01	  	Termination	  	 	71	 	
Section 8.02	  	Termination Fees	  	 	73	 	
Section 8.03	  	Effect of Termination	  	 	74	 	
Section 8.04	  	Procedure for Termination	  	 	74	 	
		
ARTICLE IX GENERAL PROVISIONS	  	 	74	 	
			
Section 9.01	  	Nonsurvival of Representations and Warranties	  	 	74	 	
Section 9.02	  	Notices	  	 	75	 	
Section 9.03	  	Definitions	  	 	75	 	
Section 9.04	  	Interpretation	  	 	87	 	
Section 9.05	  	Counterparts	  	 	87	 	
Section 9.06	  	Entire Agreement; No Third-Party Beneficiaries	  	 	87	 	
Section 9.07	  	Governing Law	  	 	87	 	
Section 9.08	  	Assignment	  	 	87	 	
Section 9.09	  	Specific Enforcement; Consent to Jurisdiction	  	 	88	 	
Section 9.10	  	WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL	  	 	88	 	
Section 9.11	  	Severability	  	 	89	 	
Section 9.12	  	Amendment	  	 	89	 	
Section 9.13	  	Further Assurances	  	 	89	 	
Section 9.14	  	Extension; Waiver	  	 	89	 	
Section 9.15	  	Disclosure Letters	  	 	89	 	
Section 9.16	  	Limitation on Claims	  	 	90	 	
Section 9.17	  	No Recourse	  	 	90	 	
EXHIBITS

Exhibit A	  	Amended and Restated Holdco Charter	
Exhibit B	  	Amended and Restated Holdco Bylaws	
Exhibit C	  	Limited Liability Company Agreement of the Surviving Company (after LLC Conversion)	
Exhibit D	  	Certificate of Formation of the Surviving Company (after LLC Conversion)	
Exhibit E	  	Contribution Agreement	
Exhibit F	  	Certificate Incorporation of the Surviving Company (before LLC Conversion)	
Exhibit G	  	Bylaws of the Surviving Company (before LLC Conversion)	
Exhibit H	  	Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement	
Exhibit I	  	Stockholders Agreement	
Exhibit J	  	Tax Receivable Agreement	
 
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BUSINESS COMBINATION AGREEMENT
This BUSINESS COMBINATION AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”), dated as of October 17, 2017, is by and among Impax Laboratories, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“ Impax ”), Atlas Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned Subsidiary of Impax (“ Holdco ”), K2 Merger Sub Corporation, a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned Subsidiary of Holdco (“ Merger Sub ”) and Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ Amneal ”).
W I T N E S S E T H:
WHEREAS, the parties desire to enter into a business combination transaction upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement;
WHEREAS, in furtherance of their business combination, the parties intend to establish a new holding company structure by merging Merger Sub with and into Impax (the “ Impax Merger ”), with Impax surviving the merger and continuing as a subsidiary of Holdco;
WHEREAS, prior to the Impax Merger, Amneal and Impax intend to effect certain transactions prior to the Closing as set forth in Section 6.16 herein;
WHEREAS, the parties also intend that, following the Impax Merger, Impax will convert to a Delaware limited liability company and Holdco will contribute to Amneal all of Holdco’s limited liability company interest (or, if the conversion is not effected pursuant to Section 1.01(b)(iv) , all of Holdco’s shares of capital stock) in Impax in exchange for the issuance of certain limited liability company interests in Amneal to Holdco pursuant to the Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement, whereupon Holdco will be admitted as the managing member of Amneal;
WHEREAS, following such contribution, pursuant to the Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement, Amneal intends to consummate a recapitalization pursuant to which the existing members of Amneal will receive limited liability company interests in Amneal (which may be exchanged for either cash or shares of Holdco) and non-economic voting shares of Holdco;
WHEREAS, the board of directors of Impax (the “ Impax Board ”) unanimously (i) determined that it is in the best interests of Impax and its stockholders to enter into this Agreement and declared advisable this Agreement and (ii) approved the execution, delivery and performance by Impax of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby (the “ Transactions ”);
WHEREAS, the Impax Board has resolved to recommend the adoption of this Agreement to the Impax stockholders;
WHEREAS, the board of managers of Amneal (the “ Amneal Board ”) approved (i) this Agreement and the Transactions (including the Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement) and (ii) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by Amneal and the consummation of the Transactions;
WHEREAS, in its capacity as the Class A member of Amneal, Amneal Pharmaceuticals Holding Company, LLC (“ APHC ”) has (i) approved this Agreement and the Transactions, (ii) approved the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by Amneal and the consummation of the Transactions (including the amendment of the Amneal LLC Operating Agreement to be restated in the form of the Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement), and (iii) waived any pre-emptive or other similar rights that it has under the Amneal LLC Operating Agreement or any other agreement in connection with the Transactions;
 
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WHEREAS, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it is intended that (i) the Impax Merger and the LLC Conversion, taken together, will qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, and this Agreement is intended to be and is adopted as a separate “plan of reorganization” within the meaning of Treasury Regulation Section 1.368-2(g) for purposes of Sections 354 and 361 of the Code and (ii) the Contribution will qualify as an exchange to which Section 721(a) of the Code applies;
WHEREAS, the respective board of directors of each of Holdco and Merger Sub have unanimously approved and declared advisable (i) this Agreement and the Transactions and (ii) the execution, delivery and, with respect to Merger Sub, subject to adoption of this Agreement by Holdco in its capacity as sole stockholder of Merger Sub, performance of this Agreement by Holdco and Merger Sub, respectively, and the consummation of the Transactions; and
WHEREAS, the parties hereto desire to make certain representations, warranties, covenants and agreements in connection with the Transactions and also to prescribe various conditions to the Transactions.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the representations, warranties, covenants and agreements contained in this Agreement, the parties hereto agree as follows:
 ARTICLE I
THE TRANSACTIONS
 Section 1.01 The Holdco Charter Amendment and the Impax Merger; The LLC Conversion; The Contribution and Unit Issuance; The Class B Common Stock Issuance .
(a) The Holdco Charter Amendment and the Impax Merger .
(i) On the Closing Date, at the Closing, Holdco shall file with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Holdco in its entirety as set forth on Exhibit A (the “ Amended and Restated Holdco Charter ”), which shall be the certificate of incorporation of Holdco immediately following the Closing until thereafter changed or amended as provided therein or by applicable Law (the “ Holdco Charter Amendment ”). Prior to the Impax Merger Effective Time, Holdco shall take all actions necessary to amend and restate the bylaws of Holdco (as in effect immediately prior to the Impax Merger Effective Time) in their entirety as set forth on Exhibit B (the “ Amended and Restated Holdco Bylaws ”), effective as of immediately prior to the Impax Merger Effective Time, which shall be the bylaws of Holdco immediately following the Closing until thereafter changed or amended as provided therein or by applicable Law. As set forth in the Amended and Restated Holdco Charter, the name of Holdco shall be “Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc.”
(ii) On the Closing Date, following the Holdco Charter Amendment, Impax and Merger Sub shall file with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a certificate of merger (the “ Certificate of Merger ”), executed in accordance with, and containing such information as is required by, the relevant provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “ DGCL ”) in order to effect the Impax Merger. The Impax Merger shall become effective at such time as the Certificate of Merger has been filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware or at such later time on the Closing Date as is agreed among the parties and specified in the Certificate of Merger in accordance with the relevant provisions of the DGCL (such date and time is referred to herein as the “ Impax Merger Effective Time ”).
(iii) At the Impax Merger Effective Time, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement and in accordance with Section 251 of the DGCL, Merger Sub will be merged with and into Impax, whereupon the separate existence of Merger Sub shall cease, and Impax will continue its existence as the surviving corporation in the Impax Merger and a wholly-owned Subsidiary of Holdco (the “ Surviving Company ”).
 
2

(iv) The Impax Merger shall have the effects set forth in this Agreement, the Certificate of Merger and the DGCL. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, and subject thereto, at the Impax Merger Effective Time, the separate existence of Merger Sub shall cease and all of the assets, property, rights, privileges, powers and franchises of Merger Sub shall vest in the Surviving Company, and all debts, liabilities and duties of Merger Sub shall become the debts, liabilities and duties of the Surviving Company, in each case as provided under the DGCL.
(b) LLC Conversion .
(i) Subject to Section 1.01(b)(iv) , on the Closing Date, following the Impax Merger Effective Time and prior to the Contribution, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement and in accordance with the DGCL and the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act (the “ DLLCA ”), the Surviving Company shall be converted from a Delaware corporation to a Delaware limited liability company (the “ LLC Conversion ”).
(ii) Subject to Section 1.01(b)(iv) , on the Closing Date, Impax shall file with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a certificate of conversion (a “ Certificate of Conversion ”) and a certificate of formation (a “ Certificate of Formation ”), executed in accordance with, and containing such information as is required by, the relevant provisions of the DGCL and the DLLCA to effect the LLC Conversion. The LLC Conversion shall become effective at such time as the Certificate of Conversion and Certificate of Formation has been filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware or at such other, later time on the Closing Date as is agreed among the parties and specified in the Certificate of Conversion and Certificate of Formation in accordance with the relevant provisions of the DGCL and the DLLCA; provided , that such time must be after the Impax Merger Effective Time and prior to the effective time of the Contribution (such date and time is referred to herein as the “ Conversion Effective Time ”).
(iii) At the Conversion Effective Time (if it occurs), (i) the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of the Surviving Company, each in effect at the Conversion Effective Time, will be replaced and superseded in their entirety by the Certificate of Formation and the Limited Liability Company Agreement of the Surviving Company, in the forms set forth on Exhibit C and Exhibit D , respectively, (ii) Holdco, as the sole stockholder of the Surviving Company immediately prior to the LLC Conversion, will execute the Limited Liability Company Agreement of the Surviving Company and be admitted to the Surviving Company as the sole member of the Surviving Company, and (iii) all of the shares of stock of the Surviving Company issued and outstanding immediately prior to the LLC Conversion will be converted to all of the limited liability company interests in the Surviving Company.
(iv) Notwithstanding this Section 1.01(b) or any other provision of this Agreement, the LLC Conversion shall not be effected and Sections 1.01(b)(i)-(iii)  and Section 1.04(b) shall be disregarded if Amneal provides written notice to Impax prior to the Closing Date that the LLC Conversion shall be eliminated as a Transaction, such that the Contribution (as defined herein) and the Unit Issuance shall occur immediately following the Impax Merger.
(c) The Contribution and Unit Issuance .
(i) On the Closing Date, following the Conversion Effective Time and simultaneously with the execution of the Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement, subject to Section 1.01(b)(iv) , Holdco will contribute all of the outstanding equity interests of the Surviving Company to Amneal (the “ Contribution ”) in exchange for the issuance (the “ Unit Issuance ”) by Amneal to Holdco of a number of newly issued Amneal Units equal to the aggregate number of shares of Class A common stock of Holdco, par value $0.01 (“ Class A Common Stock ”), issuable pursuant to Section 2.01(c) .
(ii) The parties hereto shall cause the Contribution and the Unit Issuance to be consummated on the Closing Date after the Conversion Effective Time and simultaneously with the execution of the Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement (subject to Section 1.01(b)(iv) ) by executing the Contribution Agreement (in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit E ). The Contribution and the Unit Issuance
 
3

shall become effective at such time on the Closing Date as specified in the Contribution Agreement; provided , that such date and time must be after the Conversion Effective Time, subject to Section 1.01(b)(iv) (such date and time is referred to herein as the “ Contribution Effective Time ”).
(iii) In connection with the Contribution and the Unit Issuance, each of Holdco and the Existing Amneal Members will execute the Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement, the Recapitalization (as defined in the Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement) will be completed and Holdco will be admitted as the managing member of Amneal. The aggregate number of Amneal Units to be issued to the Existing Amneal Members in connection with the Recapitalization shall equal three times the Fully Diluted Impax Share Number. Such Amneal Units shall be allocated among the Existing Amneal Members in accordance with the terms of the Amneal LLC Operating Agreement as in effect as of immediately prior to the Closing (as determined by the Amneal Group Representative in its sole discretion); provided , that immediately following the Recapitalization, each Existing Amneal Member shall transfer such Amneal Units to the Amneal Group Representative (and the schedule of members to the Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement shall be updated accordingly).
(d) The Class B Common Stock Issuance . On the Closing Date, following the Contribution Effective Time and in consideration of the Recapitalization, Holdco will issue to each Existing Amneal Member an aggregate number of shares of Class B common stock of Holdco, par value $0.01 per share (“ Class B Common Stock ” and together with the Class A Common Stock, “ Holdco Common Stock ”), equal to the number of Amneal Units held by such Existing Amneal Member immediately following the Recapitalization.
 Section 1.02 Transaction Structure . Each party hereto shall, if requested by any other party hereto to implement any reorganization transactions or implement any changes to the structure of the Transactions, consider such reorganization transactions or transaction structure changes in good faith and cooperate with the other party to the extent it determines in good faith that such reorganization transactions or transaction structure changes are advisable and will not (a) have an adverse impact on such party or its equity holders, (b) alter or change the amount or kind of the consideration to be received by any of its or any of its equity holders in connection with the Transactions, (c) have an adverse effect on the Tax consequences of the Transactions to it or its equity holders or (d) materially impede or delay consummation of the Transactions. Any such changes to the structure of the Transactions that are agreed upon by the parties shall be set forth in writing in an amendment to this Agreement pursuant to the terms hereof.
 Section 1.03 Closing . The closing of the Transactions (the “ Closing ”) will take place at the offices of Latham & Watkins LLP, located at 885 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10022-4834, on the fifth (5 th ) Business Day following the satisfaction or waiver (to the extent permitted by Law) of the conditions set forth in Article VII (other than those conditions that by their nature are to be satisfied at the Closing, but subject to the satisfaction or waiver of those conditions), or at such other place, time and date as shall be agreed in writing by Impax and Amneal. The date on which the Closing actually occurs is referred to as the “ Closing Date .”
 Section 1.04 Organizational Documents of the Surviving Company .
(a) At the Impax Merger Effective Time, the certificate of incorporation of Impax, as in effect immediately prior to the Impax Merger Effective Time, shall be amended and restated to read in its entirety as set forth in Exhibit F hereto and shall be the certificate of incorporation of the Surviving Company until thereafter changed or amended as provided therein or by applicable Law. Impax shall take all actions necessary to amend and restate the bylaws of Impax (as in effect immediately prior to the Impax Merger Effective Time) in their entirety as set forth on Exhibit G , effective as of the Impax Merger Effective Time, which shall be the bylaws of the Surviving Company until thereafter changed or amended as provided therein or by applicable Law.
(b) At the Conversion Effective Time (subject to Section 1.01(b)(iv) ), the Certificate of Formation and the Limited Liability Company Agreement of the Surviving Company shall be as set forth in Exhibit C and Exhibit D , respectively, until thereafter amended in accordance with the provisions thereof and applicable Law.
 
4

 Section 1.05 Holdco Governance . Prior to the Closing, the parties hereto shall take all necessary action to cause the board of directors of Holdco (the “ Holdco Board ”) and the committees thereof to be constituted, effective immediately following the Contribution and Unit Issuance, as set forth in the Stockholders Agreement.
 Section 1.06 Directors and Officers of the Surviving Company .
(a) The directors of Merger Sub immediately prior to the Impax Merger Effective Time shall be, as of the Impax Merger Effective Time, the directors of the Surviving Company until the earlier of their resignation or removal or until their respective successors are duly appointed, elected and qualified, as the case may be.
(b) The officers of Merger Sub immediately prior to the Impax Merger Effective Time shall be, as of the Impax Merger Effective Time, the officers of the Surviving Company until the earlier of their resignation or removal or until their respective successors are duly elected or appointed and qualified, as the case may be.
 ARTICLE II
CONVERSION OF SECURITIES
 Section 2.01 Effect on Capital Stock of Impax and Merger Sub . At the Impax Merger Effective Time, by virtue of the Impax Merger and without any action on the part of Impax, Holdco, Merger Sub or the holder of any shares of Impax Common Stock:
(a) Conversion of Merger Sub Common Stock . Each share of common stock of Merger Sub, par value $0.01 per share, issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Impax Merger Effective Time shall be converted into one fully paid and nonassessable share of common stock of the Surviving Company, par value $0.01 per share.
(b) Cancellation of Certain Impax Common Stock . Each share of Impax Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Impax Merger Effective Time that is owned or held by Impax in treasury, by Amneal or by any of their respective Subsidiaries shall no longer be outstanding and shall be automatically canceled and shall cease to exist (the “ Cancelled Shares ”), and no consideration shall be delivered in exchange therefor.
(c) Conversion of All Other Impax Common Stock . Each share of Impax Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Impax Merger Effective Time, other than any Cancelled Shares, shall be converted into the right to receive one fully paid and nonassessable share of Class A Common Stock (the “ Merger Consideration ”).
 Section 2.02 Effect on Holdco Common Stock . At the Impax Merger Effective Time, each share of Holdco Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Impax Merger Effective Time shall be cancelled and retired and shall cease to exist, and no consideration shall be delivered in exchange therefor.
 Section 2.03 Exchange of Impax Certificates and Impax Book-Entry Shares .
(a) Exchange Agent . Prior to the Impax Merger Effective Time, Holdco shall appoint a bank or trust company reasonably acceptable to Amneal to act as exchange agent (the “ Exchange Agent ”) for the payment and delivery of the aggregate Merger Consideration in accordance with this Section 2.03 . At or immediately following the Impax Merger Effective Time, Holdco shall deposit (or cause to be deposited) with the Exchange Agent the aggregate Merger Consideration in respect of (i) certificates that immediately prior to the Impax Merger Effective Time represented shares of Impax Common Stock (“ Impax Certificates ”) and (ii) non-certificated outstanding shares of Impax Common Stock represented by book entry (“ Impax Book-Entry Shares ”), in each case other than Cancelled Shares, for exchange in accordance with this Section 2.03 through the Exchange Agent (collectively, the “ Exchange Fund ”). The Exchange Agent shall, pursuant to irrevocable instructions, deliver the aggregate Merger Consideration contemplated to be issued pursuant to Section 2.01(c) out of the Exchange Fund. The Exchange Fund shall not be used for any other purpose.
 
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(b) Exchange Procedures . Promptly following the Impax Merger Effective Time, Holdco shall send, or shall cause the Exchange Agent to send, to each record holder of an Impax Certificate or Impax Book-Entry Share, in each case which shares were converted into the right to receive Merger Consideration in respect thereof at the Impax Merger Effective Time pursuant to this Agreement: (i) a letter of transmittal, which shall specify that delivery shall be effected, and risk of loss and title to the Impax Certificates shall pass, only upon delivery of the Impax Certificates to the Exchange Agent, and shall otherwise be in such form and have such other provisions as Impax, Amneal and the Exchange Agent may reasonably specify, and (ii) instructions for effecting the surrender of the Impax Certificates or Impax Book-Entry Shares in exchange for the aggregate Merger Consideration in respect thereof, as applicable. Upon surrender of Impax Certificates and Impax Book-Entry Shares for cancellation to the Exchange Agent and upon delivery of a letter of transmittal, duly executed and in proper form with all required enclosures and attachments, with respect to such Impax Certificates or Impax Book-Entry Shares, the holder of such Impax Certificates or Impax Book-Entry Shares shall be entitled to receive the Merger Consideration for each share of Impax Common Stock formerly represented by such Impax Certificates or such Impax Book-Entry Shares. Any Impax Certificates and Impax Book-Entry Shares so surrendered shall forthwith be cancelled. If payment of any Merger Consideration is to be made to a person other than the person in whose name any surrendered Impax Certificate is registered, it shall be a condition precedent to payment that the Impax Certificate so surrendered shall be properly endorsed or shall be otherwise in proper form for transfer, and the person requesting such payment shall have paid any transfer and other similar Taxes required by reason of the delivery of the aggregate Merger Consideration in respect thereof, as applicable, to a person other than the registered holder of the Impax Certificate so surrendered and shall have established to the satisfaction of Holdco that such Taxes either have been paid or are not required to be paid. Delivery of the aggregate Merger Consideration, as applicable, with respect to Impax Book-Entry Shares shall only be made to the person in whose name such Impax Book-Entry Shares are registered. Until surrendered as contemplated hereby, each Impax Certificate or Impax Book-Entry Share shall be deemed at any time after the Impax Merger Effective Time to represent only the right to receive the aggregate Merger Consideration in respect thereof.
(c) Transfer Books . At the Impax Merger Effective Time, the stock transfer books of Impax shall be closed and thereafter there shall be no further registration of transfers of shares of Impax Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the Impax Merger Effective Time on the records of Impax. From and after the Impax Merger Effective Time, the holders of Impax Certificates and Impax Book-Entry Shares representing shares of Impax Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the Impax Merger Effective Time shall cease to have any rights with respect to such shares except as otherwise provided for herein or by applicable Law. If, after the Impax Merger Effective Time, Impax Certificates representing shares of Impax Common Stock are presented to the Surviving Company for any reason, they shall be cancelled and exchanged for the aggregate Merger Consideration in respect thereof as provided in this Agreement.
(d) Termination of Exchange Fund; Abandoned Property . At any time following one (1) year after the Closing Date, Holdco shall be entitled to require the Exchange Agent to deliver to it any shares of Holdco Common Stock remaining in the Exchange Fund made available to the Exchange Agent and not delivered to holders of Impax Certificates or Impax Book-Entry Shares, and thereafter such holders shall be entitled to look only to Holdco (subject to abandoned property, escheat or other similar Laws) as general creditors thereof with respect to the aggregate Merger Consideration payable upon due surrender of their Impax Certificates or Impax Book-Entry Shares and compliance with the procedures in this Section 2.03 . Notwithstanding the foregoing, neither Holdco nor the Exchange Agent shall be liable to any holder of an Impax Certificate or Impax Book-Entry Shares for any Merger Consideration delivered to a public official pursuant to any applicable abandoned property, escheat or similar Law.
(e) Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates . In the event that any Impax Certificates shall have been lost, stolen or destroyed, the Exchange Agent shall issue in exchange for such lost, stolen or destroyed Impax Certificates, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the holder thereof, the aggregate Merger Consideration payable in respect thereof pursuant to Section 2.01(c) ; provided , however , that Holdco or the Exchange Agent may, in its reasonable discretion and as a condition precedent to the payment of such aggregate
 
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Merger Consideration, require the owners of such lost, stolen or destroyed Impax Certificates to deliver a customary indemnity against any claim that may be made against Holdco, the Surviving Company or the Exchange Agent with respect to the Impax Certificates alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.
(f) Distributions with Respect to Unexchanged Shares . No dividends or other distributions declared or made after the Impax Merger Effective Time with respect to Class A Common Stock with a record date after the Impax Merger Effective Time shall be paid to the holder of any unsurrendered Impax Certificate or Impax Book-Entry Share with respect to the shares of Class A Common Stock issuable in respect thereof unless and until the holder of such Impax Certificate or Impax Book-Entry Share shall surrender such Impax Certificate or Impax Book-Entry Share. Subject to the effect of escheat, Tax or other applicable Laws, following surrender of any such Impax Certificate or Impax Book-Entry Share, there shall be paid by Holdco to the holder of whole shares of Class A Common Stock issued in exchange therefor, without interest, (i) promptly, the amount of dividends or other distributions with a record date after the Impax Merger Effective Time theretofore paid with respect to such whole shares of Class A Common Stock and (ii) at the appropriate payment date, the amount of dividends or other distributions, with a record date after the Impax Merger Effective Time but prior to surrender and a payment date occurring after surrender, payable with respect to such whole shares of Class  A Common Stock.
 Section 2.04 Treatment of Impax Equity Awards; Impax ESPP .
(a) No later than immediately before the Impax Merger Effective Time, Impax and Holdco shall take such actions as may be required to provide that each Impax Option that is outstanding immediately prior to the Impax Merger Effective Time shall, at the Impax Merger Effective Time, fully vest (to the extent unvested) and shall be exchanged for an option to acquire a number of shares of Class A Common Stock equal to the number of shares of Impax Common Stock subject to such Impax Option immediately before the Impax Merger Effective Time at a price per share equal to the exercise price per share of Impax Common Stock otherwise purchasable pursuant to such Impax Option (each Impax Option as so adjusted, an “ Exchanged Impax Option ”); provided , however , that such conversion shall be effected in accordance with Section 424(a) of the Code; provided , further , that, except as otherwise provided in this Section 2.04(a) , each such Exchanged Impax Option exchanged pursuant to this Section 2.04(a) shall continue to have, and shall be subject to, the same terms and conditions as applied to the corresponding Impax Option immediately prior to the Impax Merger Effective Time; provided , further , that such Exchanged Impax Options shall remain exercisable following the Impax Merger Effective Time until such Exchanged Impax Option expires in accordance with its terms.
(b) No later than immediately before the Impax Merger Effective Time, Impax and Holdco shall take such actions as may be required to provide that each Impax Restricted Share that is outstanding immediately prior to the Impax Merger Effective Time shall, at the Impax Merger Effective Time, fully vest and shall be exchanged, subject to any required Tax withholding with respect to such vesting (each Impax Restricted Share as so adjusted, an “ Exchanged Impax Restricted Share ”), for one share of Class A Common Stock in accordance with Section 2.01(c) .
(c) Promptly following the date of this Agreement, the Impax Board (or, if appropriate, any committee thereof) shall adopt such resolutions or take such other necessary actions such that (A) all Purchase Periods (as such term is defined in the Impax ESPP) shall terminate and each participant shall be deemed to have elected to purchase the number of shares of Impax Common Stock calculated in accordance with the terms of the Impax ESPP upon the earliest to occur of (x) December 31, 2017, (y) the day that is four (4) complete trading days prior to the Impax Merger Effective Time or (z) the date on which such Purchase Period(s) would otherwise end, (B) no individual participating in the Impax ESPP shall be permitted to, except to the extent required by applicable Law, make separate non-payroll contributions to the Impax ESPP on or following the date of this Agreement, and (C) the Impax ESPP will terminate no later than immediately prior to the earliest to occur of (i) December 31, 2017 and (ii) the Impax Merger Effective Time.
(d) At the Impax Merger Effective Time, Holdco shall assume all the obligations of Impax under the Impax Stock Plans and each Exchanged Impax Option and the agreements evidencing the grants thereof.
 
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 Section 2.05 Certain Adjustments . Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, if, from the date of this Agreement until the Impax Merger Effective Time, the outstanding shares of Impax Common Stock shall have been changed into a different number of shares or a different class by reason of any reclassification, stock split (including a reverse stock split), recapitalization, split-up, combination, exchange of shares, readjustment, or other similar transaction, or a stock dividend or stock distribution thereon shall be declared with a record date within said period, the number of Amneal Units to be received by the Existing Amneal Members in connection with the Recapitalization (as reflected in the Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement) and any other similarly dependent items, as the case may be, shall be equitably adjusted to provide the Existing Amneal Members the same economic effect as contemplated by this Agreement prior to such event.
 ARTICLE III
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF Impax
Except (a) as disclosed in the Impax SEC Documents (as defined herein) filed prior to the date hereof and publicly available on the SEC’s Electronic Data Gathering Analysis and Retrieval system (but (i) without giving effect to any amendment thereof filed with, or furnished to the SEC (as defined herein) on or after the date of this Agreement, (ii) excluding any disclosure contained in such Impax SEC Documents under the heading “Risk Factors” or “Cautionary Statement About Forward-Looking Statements” or similar heading and any other disclosures contained or referenced therein of factors or risks that are predictive, cautionary or forward-looking in nature and (iii) not with respect to Sections 3.01 , 3.02 , 3.03 , 3.04 , 3.05 , 3.23 , 3.24 , 3.25 , 3.26 , 3.27 , 3.28 , and 3.29 ), or (b) as set forth in the disclosure letter delivered by Impax to Amneal prior to the execution of this Agreement (the “ Impax Disclosure Letter ”), Impax represents and warrants to Amneal as follows:
 Section 3.01 Organization, Standing and Corporate Power . Each of Impax and the Impax Material Subsidiaries is an entity duly organized, validly existing and in good standing (except to the extent the “good standing” concept is not applicable in any relevant jurisdiction) under the Laws of the jurisdiction in which it is formed and has all requisite corporate, limited liability company or other entity power and authority to carry on its business as now being conducted. Each other Subsidiary of Impax is an entity duly organized, validly existing and in good standing (except to the extent the “good standing” concept is not applicable in any relevant jurisdiction) under the Laws of the jurisdiction in which it is formed and has all requisite corporate, limited liability company or other entity power and authority to carry on its business as now being conducted, except to the extent that any failure to be so organized, validly existing and in good standing has not had or would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect. Impax and each of its Subsidiaries is duly qualified or licensed to do business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the nature of its business or the ownership, leasing or operation of its properties makes such qualification or licensing necessary, other than in such jurisdictions where the failure to be so qualified or licensed has not had or would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect. Impax has, prior to the date hereof, made available to Amneal true and complete copies of its existing Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “ Impax Charter ”), and its existing Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended (the “ Impax Bylaws ”), and the charter and bylaws (or comparable organizational documents) of the Impax Material Subsidiaries, in each case as amended to the date of this Agreement. There has been no breach by Impax of the Impax Charter or the Impax Bylaws, each as in effect from time to time.
 Section 3.02 Subsidiaries . Section 3.02 of the Impax Disclosure Letter lists all the Subsidiaries of Impax and, for each such Subsidiary, the state of formation and each jurisdiction in which such Subsidiary is qualified or licensed to do business. Except for Permitted Liens, all the outstanding shares of capital stock of, or other equity interests in, each such Subsidiary have been validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable and are owned directly or indirectly by Impax free and clear of any Liens other than Permitted Liens and Liens pursuant to existing financing arrangements. Except for the capital stock or other equity or voting interests of its Subsidiaries, Impax does not own, directly or indirectly, any capital stock or other equity or voting interests in any person.
 
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 Section 3.03 Capital Structure .
(a) The authorized capital stock of Impax consists of (i) 150,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “ Impax Common Stock ”), and (ii) 2,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “ Impax Preferred Stock ”). As of October 13, 2017 (the “ Capitalization Date ”), (A) 74,413,801 shares of Impax Common Stock were issued and 74,170,072 shares of Impax Common Stock were outstanding (including 2,242,423 shares of Impax Common Stock issued with respect to restricted stock awards issued under the Impax 2002 Stock Plan (“ Impax Restricted Shares ”), (B) no shares of Impax Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding, (C) 243,729 shares of Impax Common Stock were issued and held in the treasury of Impax or otherwise owned by Impax or any of its Subsidiaries, (D) 1,719,444 shares of Impax Common Stock were reserved for issuance in connection with future grants of awards under Impax’s 2002 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the “ Impax 2002 Stock Plan ” and together with inducement grants of Impax Options, the “ Impax Stock Plans ”), (E) 3,368,198 shares of Impax Common Stock were reserved for issuance with respect to outstanding stock options issued under the Impax 2002 Stock Plan or as inducement grants (“ Impax Options ”), and (F) 1,507,789 shares of Impax Common Stock were reserved for issuance under Impax’s 2001 Non-Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended (the “ Impax ESPP ”).
(b) Impax has delivered to Amneal a true and complete list, as of the Capitalization Date, of all outstanding Impax Options, Impax Restricted Shares which remain subject to a right of repurchase and other rights to purchase or receive shares of Impax Common Stock granted under the Impax 2002 Stock Plan, the number of shares of Impax Common Stock subject thereto (with respect to Impax Options) (assuming target performance, if applicable), the vesting period, the type of grant, grant dates, expiration dates and exercise prices thereof, in each case broken down as to each individual holder. Except as set forth above in this Section 3.03 and except for changes since the close of business on the Capitalization Date resulting from the exercise of Impax Options, as of the date of this Agreement, no shares of capital stock or other voting securities of Impax were issued, reserved for issuance or outstanding. Except as set forth above in this Section 3.03 , there are no outstanding stock appreciation rights, rights to receive shares of Impax Common Stock on a deferred basis or other rights that are linked to the value of Impax Common Stock granted under the Impax 2002 Stock Plan or otherwise. All outstanding shares of capital stock of Impax are, and all shares which may be issued pursuant to the Impax 2002 Stock Plan or the Impax ESPP will be, when issued in accordance with the terms thereof, duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and not subject to preemptive rights.
(c) Except as set forth above in this Section 3.03 , there are no bonds, debentures, notes or other Indebtedness of Impax having the right to vote (or convertible into, or exchangeable for, securities having the right to vote) on any matters on which Impax Stockholders may vote. Except as set forth above in this Section 3.03 , (i) there are not issued, reserved for issuance or outstanding (A) any securities of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of capital stock or voting securities of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries or (B) any warrants, calls, options or other rights to acquire from Impax or any of its Subsidiaries, or any obligation of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries to issue, any capital stock, voting securities or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for capital stock or voting securities of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries and (ii) there are not any outstanding obligations of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries to repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any such securities or to issue, deliver or sell, or cause to be issued, delivered or sold, any such securities. Neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any voting agreement with respect to the voting of any such securities.
 Section 3.04 Authority; Noncontravention .
(a) Impax has all necessary corporate power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements to which it is a party, to perform its obligations under this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements to which it is a party and to consummate the Transactions and the Ancillary Transactions. The execution, delivery and performance by Impax of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements to which it is a party and the consummation by it of the Transactions and the Ancillary Transactions, have been duly and validly
 
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authorized by the Impax Board and, except for the Impax Stockholder Approval and the filing of the Certificate of Merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, no other corporate action on the part of Impax, pursuant to the DGCL, the applicable listing standards of the NASDAQ Global Select Market or otherwise, is necessary to authorize the execution and delivery by Impax of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements to which it is a party, and the consummation by it of the Transactions and the Ancillary Transactions, subject to the adoption of this Agreement by the Impax Stockholder Approval. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by Impax and, assuming due authorization, execution and delivery hereof by the other parties hereto, is a legal, valid and binding obligation of Impax enforceable against Impax in accordance with its terms (subject to applicable bankruptcy, solvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and other Laws affecting creditors’ rights generally from time to time in effect and by general principles of equity). The Impax Board has unanimously (A) approved and declared advisable this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements to which Impax is a party and the Transactions and the Ancillary Transactions and declared it advisable for Impax to enter into this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements to which Impax is a party, (B) determined that the Transactions, including the Impax Merger, are in the best interests of and advisable to the Impax Stockholders, (C) directed that this Agreement be submitted to the Impax Stockholders for their consideration, approval and adoption and (D) resolved to recommend that Impax Stockholders adopt this Agreement and thereby approve the Transactions, including the Impax Merger (the “ Impax Board Recommendation ”).
(b) The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements to which Impax is a party, and the consummation of the Transactions and the Ancillary Transactions, do not and will not, conflict with, or result in any violation or breach of, or default (with or without notice or lapse of time or both) under, or give rise to a right of termination, cancellation or acceleration of any obligation or to the loss of a benefit under, or result in the creation of any Lien in or upon any of the properties or other assets of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries under, (i) the Impax Charter or the Impax Bylaws or the comparable organizational documents of the Impax Material Subsidiaries, (ii) any Contract to which Impax or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or any of their respective properties or other assets is subject or (iii) subject to the governmental filings and other matters referred to in Section 3.06 , any Law applicable to Impax or any of its Subsidiaries or their respective properties or other assets, other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), any such conflicts, violations, breaches, defaults, rights, losses or Liens that have not had or would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect.
 Section 3.05 Valid Issuance .
(a) The shares of Holdco Common Stock, including the shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon exchange of the Amneal Units pursuant to the Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement (such shares of Class A Common Stock, the “ Conversion Shares ”), when issued, sold and delivered pursuant to the Amended and Restated Holdco Charter as well as in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, will be duly authorized and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and will be issued free and clear of any Liens (other than such Liens created by the Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement, the Amended and Restated Holdco Charter or applicable securities Laws) or any preemptive rights.
(b) Holdco has not offered any shares of Holdco Common Stock, or substantially similar securities of Holdco, for sale to, or solicited any offers to buy from, or otherwise approached or negotiated in respect of any such offer to sell or buy with, any persons other than Amneal and the Existing Amneal Members. Holdco has not taken any action that will, in and of itself, cause the issuance, sale and delivery of the shares of Class B Common Stock and any Conversion Shares to constitute a violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities Laws.
 Section 3.06 Governmental Approvals . No consent, approval, order or authorization of, action by or in respect of, or registration, declaration or filing with, any Governmental Authority is required by or with respect to Impax or any of its Subsidiaries in connection with the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements to which Impax is a party by Impax or the consummation by Impax of the
 
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Transactions and the Ancillary Transactions, except (a) the premerger notification and report form under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended (the “ HSR Act ”), (b) the filing with the SEC of such reports under, and other compliance with, the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (the “ Securities Act ”), (c) the filing with the SEC of such reports under, and other compliance with, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (the “ Exchange Act ”), (d) the Certificate of Merger, Certificate of Conversion and Certificate of Formation to be filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, (e) the governmental approvals, consents and authorizations that are applicable to Impax and its Subsidiaries as set forth on Section 3.06(e) of the Impax Disclosure Letter, pursuant to applicable Laws for consummation of the Transactions and the Ancillary Transactions, (f) such filings with, and approvals of, the NASDAQ Global Select Market as are required to permit the consummation of the Transactions, (g) such filings and approvals as may be required by any applicable state securities or “blue sky” Laws, (h) the filing of all material applications, consents, approvals, authorizations and notices, as required by the FDA, the DEA and any other federal, state, local or foreign Governmental Authority that is concerned with or regulates the marketing, sale, use, handling and control, safety, efficacy, reliability or manufacturing of drug or biological products or medical devices or is concerned with or regulates public health care programs (each, a “ Healthcare Regulatory Authority ”) each of which is set forth on Section 3.06(e) of the Impax Disclosure Letter and (i) such other consents, approvals, orders, authorizations, registrations, declarations and filings where the failure to make any such filing, give any such notice or obtain any such consent or approval would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect.
 Section 3.07 Impax SEC Documents; No Undisclosed Liabilities .
(a) Impax has timely filed or furnished all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents (including exhibits and other information incorporated therein) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ SEC ”) required to be filed or furnished by Impax since January 1, 2014 (such documents, the “ Impax SEC Documents ”). No Subsidiary of Impax is required to file or furnish, or files or furnishes, any form, report or other document with the SEC. As of their respective dates, the Impax SEC Documents complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, as the case may be, applicable to such Impax SEC Documents, and as of their respective dates, none of the Impax SEC Documents contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, unless such information contained in any Impax SEC Document has been amended or superseded by a later-filed Impax SEC Document that was filed prior to the date hereof. The financial statements of Impax included in the Impax SEC Documents comply as of their respective dates as to form in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rules and regulations of the SEC with respect thereto, have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“ GAAP ”) (except, in the case of unaudited statements, for normal and recurring year-end adjustments not material in amount and as permitted by Form 10-Q of the SEC or other rules and regulations of the SEC) applied by Impax on a consistent basis during the periods and at the dates involved (except as may be indicated therein or in the notes thereto) and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of Impax and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of the dates thereof and the consolidated results of their operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to the absence of footnote disclosure and to normal and recurring year-end audit adjustments not material in amount).
(b) Neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries has any liabilities or obligations of any nature (whether accrued, absolute, contingent or otherwise) that would be required under GAAP to be reflected on a consolidated balance sheet of Impax and its Subsidiaries (including the notes thereto), except for any such liabilities or obligations (i) accrued, disclosed, reflected or reserved against in the most recent financial statements (including any related notes) contained in the Impax SEC Documents filed prior to the date of this Agreement, (ii) incurred in the ordinary course of business since the date of latest balance sheet included in such financial statements, (iii) incurred in connection with this Agreement, the Ancillary Agreements, the Transactions and the Ancillary
 
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Transactions or (iv) that have not had or would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect.
 Section 3.08 Information Supplied . The information supplied by Impax in writing expressly for inclusion in the Registration Statement and the Proxy Statement/Prospectus will not (a) in the case of the Registration Statement, at the time the Registration Statement is declared effective under the Securities Act, and (b) in the case of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus, as of the date the Proxy Statement/Prospectus is first mailed to the stockholders of Impax or at the time of any meeting of Impax’s stockholders to be held in connection with the Transactions, including the Impax Stockholder Meeting, contain any untrue statement of a material fact, or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not false or misleading. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, Impax makes no representation or warranty with respect to statements made in any of the foregoing documents based on information supplied by Amneal or any of its Representatives for inclusion therein.
 Section 3.09 Absence of Certain Changes or Events . Since January 1, 2017 until the date of this Agreement, except as expressly required by this Agreement or any Ancillary Agreement, (a) Impax and its Subsidiaries have conducted their respective businesses in all material respects in accordance with the ordinary course of such businesses and (b) there has not been any change, effect, event, circumstance, occurrence or state of facts that has had or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect.
 Section 3.10 Litigation . There is no lawsuit, court action or other court proceeding (a “ Litigation Proceeding ”) or internal investigation pending or, to the Knowledge of Impax, threatened, and Impax has no Knowledge of any external investigation pending or threatened with respect to Impax or its Subsidiaries, nor is there any material judgment, decree, injunction, rule or order of any Governmental Authority or arbitrator outstanding with respect to Impax or any of its Subsidiaries, except in each case for any Litigation Proceedings, investigations, judgments, decrees, injunctions, rules, orders and claims that have not been or would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect.
 Section 3.11 Contracts .
(a) Section 3.11(a) of the Impax Disclosure Letter sets forth a true and complete list as of the date of this Agreement, and Impax has, prior to the date of this Agreement, made available to Amneal true and complete copies (including all material amendments, modifications, extensions, renewals or guaranties) of the following, other than any Impax Plans (all such Contracts set forth on Section 3.11(a) of the Impax Disclosure Letter, or which are required to be so disclosed, “ Impax Material Contracts ”):
(i) all “material contracts” (as such term is defined in Item 601(b)(10) of SEC Regulation S-K) with respect to Impax or any of its Subsidiaries (whether or not filed by Impax with the SEC);
(ii) all Contracts of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries involving payments by or to Impax or any of its Subsidiaries of more than $2,500,000 on an annual basis;
(iii) all Contracts with third party manufacturers and suppliers for the manufacture and supply of products providing for minimum order quantities, minimum purchase requirements or exclusive supply, manufacturing or purchase requirements with a total annual payment or financial commitment exceeding $2,500,000;
(iv) all Contracts having a remaining term of three (3) years or more as of the date hereof wherein Impax or any of its Subsidiaries is obligated to manufacture or supply products to any third party with a total annual payment or financial commitment exceeding $2,500,000;
(v) all Contracts to which Impax or any of its Subsidiaries is a party, or by which Impax or any of its Subsidiaries is bound, that contain any covenant materially limiting or prohibiting the right of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries (A) to engage in any line of business or conduct business in any geographic area, (B) to
 
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distribute or offer any products or services or (C) to compete with any other person in any line of business or in any geographic area or levying a fine, charge or other payment for doing any of the foregoing, in each case other than (x) non-compete or non-solicitation Contracts with non-executive employees of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries or (y) confidentiality agreements including non-solicitation, “no raid” or no-hire provisions;
(vi) all Contracts of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries with any Affiliate of Impax (other than any of its Subsidiaries) (A) whereby Impax or any of its Subsidiaries agrees to indemnify such Affiliate; or (B) in which the amount involved exceeds $500,000 on an annual basis, except for Contracts in respect of employment or consulting services entered into in the ordinary course of business;
(vii) all Contracts of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries granting or obtaining any license to Intellectual Property involving payments of more than $1,000,000 in any calendar year;
(viii) all Contracts of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries involving payments to a single vendor by or to Impax or any of its Subsidiaries of more than $2,500,000 on an annual basis that require consent of or notice to a third party in the event of or with respect to the Transactions or the Ancillary Transactions, including in order to avoid a breach or termination of, or loss of benefit under, any such Contract;
(ix) all joint venture, partnership or other similar agreements involving co-investment with a third party to which Impax or any of its Subsidiaries is a party;
(x) all Contracts with any Governmental Authority or any Healthcare Regulatory Authority under which Impax provides products or services involving aggregate consideration in excess of $2,500,000;
(xi) settlement agreements with, or agreements entered into in connection with settlement agreements with, Governmental Authorities or any Healthcare Regulatory Authorities that have existing or contingent material performance obligations;
(xii) all Contracts pursuant to which any Indebtedness of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries is outstanding or may be incurred (except for Contracts relating to Indebtedness (A) the aggregate principal amount of which does not exceed $5,000,000 or (B) solely among Impax and/or its Subsidiaries);
(xiii) all Contracts of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries which grant to any third party any exclusive rights, right of first refusal, right of first offer or similar right or ownership interest, in each case, with respect to any material Intellectual Property, drug master files, dossiers, regulatory filings or approvals with any Healthcare Regulatory Authority or other material assets, rights or properties of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries;
(xiv) all Contracts relating to the voting or registration of any securities or providing Impax or any of its Subsidiaries with any right of first refusal with respect to, or right to repurchase or redeem, any assets or securities;
(xv) all Contracts of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries that relate to an acquisition, divestiture, merger or similar transaction that contain material representations, covenants, indemnities or other obligations (including material payment, indemnification or other contingent obligations) or any “earn-out” obligations of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries, that are in effect (other than any indemnification provisions which relate to representations and warranties in respect of organization, power and authority, due authorization, capitalization, non-contravention, Taxes, brokers fees or other similar representations and warranties which are contained in the applicable acquisition agreement);
(xvi) all Contracts of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries relating to the settlement of any Litigation Proceeding that provide for any continuing material obligations on the part of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries;
(xvii) all Contracts obligating Impax or any of its Subsidiaries to purchase or otherwise obtain any material product or service exclusively from any person or sell any material product or service exclusively to any person;
 
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(xviii) all Contracts relating to a material research and development collaboration or any joint development, in each case, for any products currently marketed by Impax or any of its Subsidiaries;
(xix) all Contracts of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries that prohibit, limit or restrict the payment of dividends or distributions in respect of the capital stock of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries or otherwise prohibit, limit or restrict the pledging of capital stock of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries or prohibit, limit or restrict the issuance of guarantees by Impax or any of its Subsidiaries;
(xx) all Contracts that are collective bargaining agreements and all Contracts with any trade union, works council or other employee representative or other labor organization; and
(xxi) all Contracts that obligate Impax or any of its Subsidiaries to make any capital contribution or other investment (including pursuant to any joint venture) in a person in excess of $1,000,000 on an annual basis.
For purposes of this Section 3.11(a) , amounts calculated on an “annual basis” or similar terms reflect annualized expenses or payments based on payments made during the period from (A)(1) January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2016 or (2) January 1, 2017 through June 30, 2017 and (B) accruals for the applicable calendar year.
(b) (i) none of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries (A) is, or has received written notice that any other party to any Impax Material Contract is, in violation or breach of or default (with or without notice or lapse of time or both) under or (B) has waived or failed to enforce any rights or benefits under any Impax Material Contract to which it is a party or any of its properties or other assets is subject, (ii) there has occurred no event giving to others any right of termination, amendment or cancellation of (with or without notice or lapse of time or both) any such Impax Material Contract and (iii) each such Impax Material Contract is in full force and effect and is a legal, valid and binding agreement of, and enforceable against, Impax or its Subsidiary, and, to the Knowledge of Impax, each other party thereto, except for violations, breaches, defaults, waivers or failures to enforce rights or benefits, or failures to be in full force and effect or to be legal, valid, binding or enforceable, covered by clauses (i), (ii) or (iii) above that have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect. No party to any of the Impax Material Contracts filed as an exhibit to Impax’s report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2016 (as filed with the SEC on March 1, 2017) or set forth on Section 3.11(a) of the Impax Disclosure Letter has provided written notice exercising any termination rights with respect thereto.
 Section 3.12 Compliance with Laws .
(a) Impax and each of its Subsidiaries are and have been since January 1, 2014 in compliance with all Laws applicable to them, their properties or other assets or their business or operations, except for such violations or noncompliance that have not been and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect. Impax and its Subsidiaries have in effect all material permits, licenses, certificates of need, registrations, accreditations, Government Program provider agreements, variances, exemptions, authorizations, operating certificates, franchises, orders, approvals, and similar rights issued by or obtained from all Governmental Authorities (collectively, “ Impax Permits ”) necessary to carry on their businesses as currently conducted, and there has occurred no violation of, default (with or without notice or lapse of time or both) under, or event giving to others any right of termination, amendment or cancellation of, with or without notice or lapse of time or both, any Impax Permit, except for such violation, defaults, terminations, amendments or cancellations that, individually or in the aggregate, have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have an Impax Material Adverse Effect. There is no event which has occurred that would reasonably be expected to result in the termination, revocation, cancellation, non-renewal or adverse modification of any such Impax Permit that is material to Impax and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole. Assuming all notices or consents listed on Section 3.06(e) of the Impax Disclosure Letter are made or obtained, the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements and the consummation of the Transactions and
 
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the Ancillary Transactions do not and will not conflict with or result in any violation or breach of, or default (with or without notice or lapse of time or both) under, or give rise to a right of termination, cancellation or acceleration of any obligation or to the loss of a benefit under, or result in the creation of any Lien in or upon any properties or other assets of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries under, any such Impax Permit, except for any such conflicts, violations, breaches or defaults which have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect. This Section 3.12 does not relate to Tax matters, which are the subject of Section 3.15 .
(b) Since January 1, 2014, (i) neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any written notice from any Governmental Authority that alleges or relates to (A) any violation or noncompliance (or reflects that Impax or any of its Subsidiaries is under investigation or the subject of an inquiry by any such Governmental Authority for such alleged noncompliance) with any applicable Law or (B) any fine, assessment or cease and desist order, or the suspension, revocation or limitation or restriction of any Impax Permit and (ii) neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries has entered into any agreement or settlement with any Governmental Authority with respect to its alleged noncompliance with, or violation of, any applicable Law, except in each case in clauses (i) and (ii) above to the extent any such violation, noncompliance, fine, assessment, order, suspension, revocation, limitation or restriction has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect.
(c) Since January 1, 2014, Impax and each of its Subsidiaries have timely filed all regulatory reports, schedules, statements, documents, filings, submissions, forms, registrations and other documents, together with any amendments required to be made with respect thereto, that each was required to file with any Governmental Authority, including state health and regulatory authorities and any applicable federal regulatory authorities, and have timely paid all fees and assessments due and payable in connection therewith, except where the failure to make such filings or payments has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect.
(d) Impax and each of its officers and directors are in material compliance with, and have complied in all material respects with (i) the applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the related rules and regulations promulgated under such act (“ Sarbanes-Oxley ”) or the Exchange Act and (ii) the applicable listing and corporate governance rules and regulations of the NASDAQ Global Select Market. Impax has previously disclosed to Amneal all of the information required to be disclosed by Impax and its officers and employees, including Impax’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to the Impax Board or any committee thereof pursuant to the certification requirements relating to annual reports on Form 10-K and quarterly reports on Form 10-Q.
(e) Impax has established and maintains a system of internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act) as required by Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act. Such internal controls provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of Impax’s financial reporting and the preparation of Impax’s financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. Since January 1, 2014, Impax’s principal executive officer and its principal financial officer have disclosed to Impax’s auditors and the audit committee of the Impax Board (A) all known significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting that are reasonably likely to adversely affect in any material respect Impax’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information, and (B) any known fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in Impax’s internal controls and Impax has made available to Amneal copies of any such disclosure. Impax has established and maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act) as required by Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act that are designed to ensure that material information relating to Impax and its consolidated Subsidiaries required to be included in reports filed under the Exchange Act is made known to Impax’s principal executive officer and its principal financial officer by others within those entities.
 
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 Section 3.13 FDA Regulatory Matters .
(a) Impax and each of its Subsidiaries is and has been since January 1, 2014, in compliance in all material respects with (i) all Healthcare Laws and (ii) all Healthcare Regulatory Authorizations, including all requirements of the FDA, DEA, and all other Healthcare Regulatory Authorities, that are applicable to Impax or its Subsidiaries, as applicable. The “ Healthcare Laws ” include: (i) the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder; (ii) the Controlled Substances Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder (the “ FFDCA ”); (iii) the U.S. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, and the regulations promulgated thereunder and any state or non-U.S. counterpart thereof or other law or regulation the purpose of which is to protect the privacy of individuals; and (iv) all federal, state, local, and all foreign health care related fraud and abuse and physician sunshine act laws, including the U.S. Anti-Kickback Statute (42 U.S.C. Section 1320a-7b(b)), the U.S. Civil False Claims Act (31 U.S.C. Section 3729 et seq.), Sections 1320a-7, 1320a-7a, 1320a-7b and 1320a-7h of Title 42 of the United States Code and the regulations promulgated pursuant to such statutes; and (v) any other state or federal law, regulation, guidance document, manual provision, program memorandum, opinion letter, or other public issuance which regulates kickbacks, recordkeeping, claims process, documentation requirements, referrals, the hiring of employees or acquisition of services or supplies from those who have been excluded from government health care programs, quality, safety, privacy, security, licensure, or any other aspect of manufacturing and distributing drugs, biologics, or medical devices. As of the date hereof, neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor their respective officers, directors or employees, or agents authorized to appear before any Healthcare Regulatory Authority for or on behalf of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries, is subject to, or has received written, or, to Impax’s Knowledge, oral notice or other communication of any pending or threatened claim, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, audit, investigation, arbitration or other action alleging that any operation or activity of Impax or its Subsidiaries is in violation of any Healthcare Laws or otherwise related to the business of Impax or its Subsidiaries by or before any Healthcare Regulatory Authority, including any action (i) to suspend, revoke or withdraw a material Healthcare Regulatory Authorization or (ii) contesting the approval of, the uses of, or the labeling or promotion of, or otherwise alleging, in each case, any material violation of Law with respect to, any product or product candidate manufactured, distributed or marketed by or on behalf of Impax or its Subsidiaries.
(b) Impax and each of its Subsidiaries, as applicable, has held, or has held contractual rights to, all material Healthcare Regulatory Authorizations required for the marketing and approval of all products marketed by or on behalf of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries, and all such Healthcare Regulatory Authorizations are in full force and effect. As of the date hereof, neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor their respective officers, directors or employees, or agents authorized to appear before any Healthcare Regulatory Authority for or on behalf of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries, as applicable, has received written or, to Impax’s Knowledge, oral notice or other communication of any material inaccuracy or material insufficiency of, or of any termination, suspension, rejection or denial of, any filing or application for any material Healthcare Regulatory Authorization that was not corrected or otherwise addressed in a subsequent filing. To Impax’s Knowledge, no event has occurred which allows, or after notice or lapse of time would allow, or would reasonably be expect to lead to, the revocation, withdrawal, termination, suspension, rejection or denial of any material Healthcare Regulatory Authorization (or any filing or application therefor) or result in any other impairment of the rights of the holder of any material Healthcare Regulatory Authorization (or any filing or application therefor).
(c) All material reports, documents, registrations, authorizations, claims and notices required to be filed, maintained, or furnished to any Healthcare Regulatory Authority, including all registrations and reports required to be filed with clinicaltrials.gov; clinical investigator financial disclosure obligations; registration and listing requirements set forth in 21 U.S.C. Section 360 and 21 C.F.R. Part 207; reporting requirements under the Physician Payments Sunshine Act (42 U.S.C. 1320a-7h, et seq.), and all similar state transparency requirements; drug price reporting; and adverse event reports, by Impax or any of its Subsidiaries have been so filed, maintained or furnished and were complete and correct in all material respects on the date filed (or were corrected in or supplemented by a subsequent filing).
 
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(d) The development, manufacture, labeling and storage, as applicable, of any drugs or products by Impax and each of its Subsidiaries has been since January 1, 2014, and is being conducted, in compliance in all material respects with all applicable Laws of the FDA, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“ U.S. Customs ”), DEA and other Healthcare Regulatory Authorities, including the FDA’s current Good Laboratory Practices, Good Manufacturing Practices and Good Clinical Practices. For the purposes of this Agreement, (i) “ Good Laboratory Practices ” means the FDA’s standards for conducting non-clinical laboratory studies contained in 21 C.F.R. Part 58, (ii) “ Good Manufacturing Practices ” means the current good manufacturing practices for drugs and medical devices, including the regulations for drugs and finished pharmaceutical products contained in 21 C.F.R. Parts 210 and 211, respectively, and medical devices contained in 21 C.F.R. 820, and (iii) “ Good Clinical Practices ” means the FDA’s standards for the design, conduct, performance, monitoring, auditing, recording, analysis and reporting of clinical trials contained in 21 C.F.R. Parts 50, 54, 56 and 312, as applicable.
(e) Since January 1, 2014, neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries has (i) voluntarily or involuntarily initiated, conducted or issued, or caused to be initiated, conducted or issued, or (ii) received any notices, information request letters, correspondence, orders or other communication from any Healthcare Regulatory Authority issuing, requiring or causing any recalls, seizures, detentions, field notifications, field corrections, market withdrawals or replacements, warnings, “dear doctor” letters, investigator notices, safety alerts or other notice of action relating to an alleged lack of safety, efficacy, or regulatory compliance of, or enjoining manufacture or distribution of, any product or product candidate manufactured, distributed or marketed by or on behalf of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries and to Impax’s Knowledge no Healthcare Regulatory Authority and neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries is considering such action. Since January 1, 2014 until the date hereof, neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any written or, to Impax’s Knowledge, oral notices, information request letters, correspondence, orders or other communications from any Healthcare Regulatory Authority regarding new safety information, postmarketing clinical trials or studies or risk evaluation and mitigation strategies asserting that labeling changes, postmarketing trials, studies, or other action will be required in order to ensure the safety of any products or product candidates.
(f) All studies, tests and clinical and pre-clinical trials conducted by or, the Knowledge of the Impax, on behalf of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries, or in which Impax or any of its Subsidiaries or their products or product candidates have participated were and, if still pending, have been and are being conducted in material compliance with all applicable Laws, including the applicable requirements of Good Laboratory Practices and Good Clinical Practices. Neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any written or, to Impax’s Knowledge, oral notices, correspondence or other communication from any Healthcare Regulatory Authority requiring the termination or suspension of any ongoing or planned clinical trials conducted by, or, to Impax’s Knowledge, on behalf of, Impax or any of its Subsidiaries or the business currently conducted by any of them, or in which Impax or any of its Subsidiaries or their products or product candidates have participated.
(g) Since January 1, 2014, neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any FDA Form 483, notice of adverse finding, warning letters, letters of admonition, untitled letters or other written or, to Impax’s Knowledge, oral correspondence from any Healthcare Regulatory Authority alleging or asserting material noncompliance with any Laws applicable to, or a lack of safety regarding, Impax’s or any of its Subsidiaries’ manufacturing practices any product or product candidate manufactured, distributed or marketed by or on behalf of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries. Neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries is subject to any material order of, obligation or commitment to, or settlement with, any Healthcare Regulatory Authority. To Impax’s Knowledge, no event has occurred which would reasonably be expect to lead to any material claim, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, audit, investigation, inspection by any Healthcare Regulatory Authority or any FDA warning letter, untitled letter, or request or requirement to make changes to the products or procedures of Impax or its Subsidiaries that, if not complied with, would reasonably be expected to have an Impax Material Adverse Effect.
(h) Neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor any of their respective officers, directors, employees, nor, to Impax’s Knowledge, any of their respective contractors, suppliers, agents, or other company or individual performing research or product-related work on behalf of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries, nor any other person
 
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described in 42 C.F.R. § 1001.1001(a)(1)(ii) is a party to, or bound by, any order, individual integrity agreement, monitoring agreement, deferred prosecution agreement, consent decree, settlement order, corporate integrity agreement or other similar form agreement with any Governmental Authority resulting from a failure, or alleged failure, to comply with any applicable Laws of the FDA, U.S. Customs, DEA, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and other Healthcare Regulatory Authorities.
(i) Neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries or their products or product candidates are the subject of any pending or, to Impax’s Knowledge, threatened investigation by the FDA pursuant to its “Fraud, Untrue Statements of Material Facts, Bribery, and Illegal Gratuities” Final Policy set forth in 56 Fed. Reg. 46191 (September 10, 1991) and any amendments thereto, or otherwise. Neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor to Impax’s Knowledge, any of their respective officers, directors, employees, nor, to Impax’s Knowledge, any of their respective contractors, suppliers, agents, or other company or individual performing research or product-related work on behalf of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries, nor any other person described in 42 C.F.R. § 1001.1001(a)(1)(ii), (i) has committed any act, made any untrue statement of material fact or failed to make any statement that, at the time such act, statement or disclosure was made, would reasonably be expected to provide a basis for the FDA to invoke its “Fraud, Untrue Statements of Material Facts, Bribery, and Illegal Gratuities” Final Policy (ii) has been charged with any conduct for which debarment is mandated by 21 U.S.C. § 335a or any criminal offense relating to the delivery of an item or service under any federal health care program (iii) has been charged with or been convicted of any crime for which exclusion is mandated or permitted from the federal health care programs under Section 1128 of the Social Security Act of 1935, or any similar Law; (iv) is or has been debarred, excluded or suspended from participation in any federal health care program; (v) has had a civil monetary penalty assessed against it under Section 1128A of the Social Security Act; (vi) is or has been listed on the General Services Administration published list of parties excluded from federal procurement programs and non-procurement programs; or (vii) has been debarred by any federal or international agency.
 Section 3.14 Employee Benefit Plans .
(a) Section 3.14(a) of the Impax Disclosure Letter sets forth a true and complete list of all material “employee benefit plans” (as defined in Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ ERISA ”)), and all other material employee benefit plans, programs, agreements, policies, arrangements or payroll practices, including with respect to bonus, employment, consulting or other compensation, collective bargaining, company stock, incentive and other equity or equity-based compensation, or deferred compensation, retirement, pension, change in control, termination or severance plans or arrangements, stock purchase, severance pay, sick leave, vacation pay, salary continuation for disability, hospitalization, medical insurance, life insurance and scholarship, in each case, (i) that are sponsored or maintained by Impax or any of its Subsidiaries, (ii) to which Impax or any of its Subsidiaries contributes or is obligated to contribute to, or in respect of which any potential liability is borne by Impax or any of its Subsidiaries, (iii) under which for current or former employees of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries (the “ Impax Employees ”) or directors or former directors thereof are eligible to participate or receive benefits or (iv) to which Impax or any of its Subsidiaries is a party (collectively, the “ Impax Plans ”).
(b) True and complete copies of the following documents, with respect to each of the Impax Plans have, prior to the date of this Agreement, been delivered to Amneal by Impax, to the extent applicable: (i) the plan document (or a written summary if the Impax Plan is not reduced to writing), any material amendments thereto and related trust documents, insurance contracts or other funding arrangements, in each case, as currently in effect; (ii) the most recent Form 5500 and all schedules attached thereto filed with respect to such Impax Plan, and the most recent actuarial report and financial statements, if any, prepared with respect to such Impax Plan; and (iii) all material communications received from any Governmental Authority relating to Impax Plans in the last three (3) years.
(c) Except as would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect, the Impax Plans have been maintained in accordance with their terms and with all provisions of
 
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ERISA, the Code and other applicable Law, and neither Impax (or any of its Subsidiaries) nor, to the Knowledge of Impax, any “party in interest” or “disqualified person” with respect to the Impax Plans has engaged in a non-exempt “prohibited transaction” within the meaning of Section 4975 of the Code or Section 406 of ERISA. Neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries has any material liability for breach of fiduciary duty or any other failure to act or comply with applicable Law in connection with the administration or investment of the assets of any Impax Plan.
(d) Each of the Impax Plans that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code has been determined by the IRS to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code. To the Knowledge of Impax, nothing has occurred that would reasonably be expected to adversely affect the qualified status of any such Impax Plan or the Tax exemption of any trust related thereto.
(e) None of Impax, its Subsidiaries or, except as would not reasonably be expected to result in material liability to Impax, any trade or business (whether or not incorporated) that is treated as a single employer with any of them under Sections 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the Code (a “ Impax ERISA Affiliate ”) (or that was so treated at any time during the six (6) years immediately prior to the date of this Agreement) has ever had (or, in the case of any former Impax ERISA Affiliate during the last six (6) years, had at the time it was an Impax ERISA Affiliate) any current or contingent liability with respect to (i) a plan subject to Title IV or Section 302 of ERISA or Section 412 of the Code or (ii) any “multiemployer plan” (as defined in Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA) (a “ Multiemployer Plan ”).
(f) All contributions (including all employer contributions and employee salary reduction contributions) required to have been made under any of the Impax Plans (including workers compensation) or by Law (without regard to any waivers granted under Section 412 of the Code), to any funds or trusts established thereunder or in connection therewith have been made by the due date thereof (including any valid extension), except where the failure to do so has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect.
(g) There are no pending actions, claims or lawsuits that have been asserted or instituted against the Impax Plans, the assets of any of the trusts under the Impax Plans or the sponsor or administrator of any of the Impax Plans, or, to the Knowledge of Impax, against any fiduciary of the Impax Plans with respect to the operation of any of the Impax Plans (other than routine benefit claims), nor does Impax have any Knowledge of any threatened action, claim or lawsuit, other than such actions, claims or lawsuits that have not had or would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect.
(h) None of the Impax Plans provides for post-employment life or health insurance, benefits or coverage for any participant or any beneficiary of a participant, except as may be required under applicable Law, including Section 4980B of the Code (“ COBRA ”) and which are provided at the sole expense of the participant or the participant’s beneficiary.
(i) Except as otherwise specifically contemplated by the terms of this Agreement, neither the execution and delivery of this Agreement nor the consummation of the Transactions (either by themselves or when combined with any other event), will (i) result in any payment becoming due to any Impax Employee, (ii) increase any benefits otherwise payable under any Impax Plan, (iii) result in the acceleration of the time of payment or vesting of any such benefits under any Impax Plan, (iv) result in any obligation to fund any trust or other arrangement with respect to compensation or benefits under an Impax Plan, (v) result in any “excess parachute payment” (within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code) becoming due to any current or former employee or other individual service provider of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries or (vi) result in any breach or violation of or default under or limit Holdco’s, Amneal’s or Impax’s right to amend, modify or terminate any Impax Plan.
(j) Except as would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect, each Impax Plan, and any award thereunder, that is or forms part of a “nonqualified deferred
 
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compensation plan” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code is in documentary compliance with, and Impax and its Subsidiaries have, since January 1, 2014, complied in practice and operation with, all applicable requirements of Section 409A of the Code. Neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries has any obligation to gross-up, indemnify or otherwise reimburse any Impax Employee for any Tax incurred by such Impax Employee, including under Section 409A or 4999 of the Code, or any interest or penalty related thereto.
(k) As of the date hereof, no Impax Employee who is an officer for purposes of Section 16 of the Exchange Act has given notice of intent to terminate his or her employment with Impax or any of its Subsidiaries.
(l) Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in any material liability to Impax, (i) each Impax Plan which is maintained primarily for the benefit of employees working outside of the United States (each, a “ Non-U.S. Impax Plan ”) has been established, administered, operated, funded, invested and maintained in compliance with the applicable Laws relating to such plans in the jurisdictions in which such Impax Plan is present or operates and, to the extent relevant, the United States, (ii) all required contributions and premiums to be made under each Non-U.S. Impax Plan have been made with respect thereto (whether pursuant to the terms of such Non-U.S. Impax Plan or by applicable Law) and (iii) as of the date of this Agreement, there is no pending or, to the knowledge of Impax, threatened litigation relating to any Non-U.S. Impax Plan.
 Section 3.15 Taxes .
(a) Impax and each of its Subsidiaries have timely filed with the appropriate taxing authorities, or has caused to be timely filed on their behalf (taking into account any valid extension of time within which to file), all income, franchise and other Tax Returns required to be filed by them, and all such filed Tax Returns are true, correct and complete in all material respects. All Taxes (regardless of having been shown as due on any Tax Return) have been timely paid in full, or an adequate reserve has been established therefor in the financial statements of Impax and its Subsidiaries (in accordance with GAAP) for all periods covered by such financial statements.
(b) Neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to or bound by any Tax indemnity, Tax sharing or Tax allocation agreement, or any other Contract, obligation, understanding or agreement to pay the Taxes of another person or to pay the Taxes with respect to transactions relating to any other person (other than Impax and its Subsidiaries) other than commercial agreements entered into in the ordinary course of business no principal purpose of which is related to Taxes.
(c) Neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries has constituted either a “distributing corporation” or a “controlled corporation” (within the meaning of Section 355(a)(1)(A) of the Code) in a distribution of stock intended to qualify under Section 355 of the Code for any years open under the relevant statute of limitations.
(d) Neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries (i) has been a member of an affiliated group filing a consolidated federal income Tax Return (other than a group the common parent of which was Impax or a wholly owned Subsidiary of Impax) or (ii) has any liability for the Taxes of any person (other than Impax or any of its Subsidiaries) under Treasury Regulation Section 1.1502-6 (or any similar provision of state, local or foreign Law), as a transferee or successor, by Contract or otherwise.
(e) To the Knowledge of Impax, no audits, investigations or other administrative or court proceedings, that could have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect, are pending with any taxing authority or court with respect to any material Taxes of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries, and no written notice thereof has been received by Impax or any of its Subsidiaries. Neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries has any outstanding agreements, waivers or arrangements extending the statutory period of limitations applicable to any claim for, or the period for the collection or assessment of, any federal, state, local or foreign income, franchise or other material Taxes.
 
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(f) No written claim that could give rise to material Taxes has been made within the previous three (3) years by a taxing authority in a jurisdiction where Impax or any of its Subsidiaries does not file Tax Returns that Impax or any of its Subsidiaries is or may be subject to taxation in that jurisdiction.
(g) No Liens for Taxes exist with respect to any properties or other assets of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries, except for statutory Liens for current Taxes not yet delinquent.
(h) All material Taxes required to be withheld by Impax or any of its Subsidiaries (including withholding of Taxes pursuant to Sections 1441, 1442, 1445, 1446 and 3402 of the Code or similar provision under any foreign Laws) have been withheld, have been or will be duly and timely paid to the proper taxing authority, and have been or will be reported pursuant to applicable Tax information reporting Laws.
(i) Neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries will be required to include any item of income in, or exclude any item of deduction from, taxable income for any taxable period (or portion thereof) ending after the Closing Date as a result of any: (i) change in method of accounting for a taxable period ending on or prior to the Closing Date; (ii) “closing agreement” as described in Section 7121 of the Code (or any similar provision of state, local or foreign Law) executed on or prior to the Closing Date; (iii) installment sale or open transaction disposition made on or prior to the Closing Date; (iv) prepaid amount received on or prior to the Closing Date; or (v) cancellation of indebtedness income deferred pursuant to Section 108(i) of the Code.
(j) There is no power of attorney given by or binding upon Impax or any of its Subsidiaries with respect to Taxes for any period for which the applicable statute of limitations (including any waivers and extensions) has not expired as of the date of this Agreement.
(k) Neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries has been a party to any “listed transaction” as defined in Treasury Regulation Section 1.6011-4(b)(2).
(l) Neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries is aware of any fact, or has taken or agreed to take any action that would reasonably be expected to prevent or impede (i) the Impax Merger and the LLC Conversion, taken together, from qualifying as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code and (ii) the Contribution from qualifying as an exchange to which Section 721(a) of the Code applies.
 Section 3.16 Intellectual Property .
(a) Impax, or one of its Subsidiaries, owns or possesses all licenses or other legal rights to use, sell or license all material Intellectual Property held for use or used in the business of Impax or its Subsidiaries as presently conducted (“ Impax Intellectual Property ”) except for any failures to own or possess as have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect and except with respect to any Intellectual Property which is the subject of a Paragraph IV Proceeding; provided , that the representation and warranty in this Section 3.16(a) shall not be construed to be a representation or warranty with respect to non-infringement.
(b) Section 3.16(b) of the Impax Disclosure Letter identifies as of the date hereof: (i) each item of Impax Intellectual Property that is registered, filed, or issued under the authority of any Governmental Authority and in which Impax or any of its Subsidiaries has or purports to have an exclusive license or an ownership interest of any nature (whether exclusively, jointly with another person or otherwise) (“ Registered Impax Intellectual Property ”); (ii) the jurisdiction in which such item of Registered Impax Intellectual Property has been registered or filed and the applicable registration or application serial number; and (iii) any other person that, to the Knowledge of Impax, has an ownership interest in such item of Registered Impax Intellectual Property and the nature of such ownership interest.
(c) As of the date of this Agreement, the title in each item of Registered Impax Intellectual Property in which Impax or any of its Subsidiaries has an ownership interest is properly recorded in the name of Impax and/
 
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or its Subsidiaries. Each named inventor on each item of Registered Impax Intellectual Property constituting a patent or a patent application has duly executed a valid assignment of all applicable right, title and interest in and to such patent or patent application to Impax or one of its Subsidiaries (in each case where such assignment is required by applicable law to perfect Impax or its Subsidiaries rights in such patent or patent application). All such assignments have been duly recorded with the United States Patent and Trademark Office and all relevant foreign patent offices.
(d) Within the past three (3) years of the date hereof, neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any written notice of any claim against any of them challenging the ownership, validity or enforceability of any of the Registered Impax Intellectual Property, other than any notice from the applicable examiner of any pending application therefor, received in the ordinary course of prosecution.
(e) With respect to each item of Registered Impax Intellectual Property owned by Impax or any of its Subsidiaries: (i) to Impax’s Knowledge, all such Registered Impax Intellectual Property is valid and enforceable; (ii) all such Registered Impax Intellectual Property is subsisting (or, in the case of applications, applied for), which shall include being currently in compliance with applicable Laws as to the payment of all necessary registration, maintenance, annuities, renewal, filing, examination, and other related fees and proofs of working or use, and, in the case of trademarks, the post-registration filing of affidavits of use and incontestability and renewal applications; and (iii) all necessary documents, recordations and certificates in connection with such Registered Impax Intellectual Property previously or currently required to be filed have been filed with the relevant patent, copyright, trademark or other authorities in all jurisdictions where such fees are previously or currently due, for the purposes of prosecuting and maintaining and perfecting such Registered Impax Intellectual Property except, in each case, to the extent that failure to do so can be cured or otherwise would not result in permanent abandonment (i.e., without the possibility of revival or reinstatement).
(f) Certain Intellectual Property Proceedings .
(i) To the Knowledge of Impax, no claims or threat of claims within the three (3) years prior to the date of this Agreement, have been asserted in writing by any third party against Impax or any of its Subsidiaries (A) related to the use in the conduct of the businesses of Impax and its Subsidiaries of the Impax Intellectual Property or (B) alleging that the conduct of the business of Impax and its Subsidiaries infringes, misappropriates or otherwise violates any Intellectual Property rights of any third party but excluding any infringement of any Intellectual Property alleged pursuant to a Paragraph IV Proceeding or otherwise in connection with filing a Paragraph IV Certification Notice.
(ii) To the Knowledge of Impax, the conduct of the businesses of Impax and its Subsidiaries does not infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate any Intellectual Property rights of any third party, but excluding any (A) infringement of any Intellectual Property under 35 U.S.C. § 271(e)(2) caused by or in connection with the filing of any abbreviated new drug application for a product filed with the FDA pursuant to §505(j) of the FFDCA or by the filing of any new drug application for a product filed with the FDA pursuant to §505(b)(2) of the FFDCA and (B) any infringement of any Intellectual Property alleged pursuant to a Paragraph IV Proceeding or otherwise in connection with filing a Paragraph IV Certification Notice. The representations set forth in this Section 3.16(f) are the only representations given by Amneal with respect to non-infringement of Intellectual Property.
(iii) Section 3.16(f)(iii) of the Impax Disclosure Letter identifies as of the date hereof all (A) pending Paragraph IV Proceedings to which Impax or any of its Subsidiaries is a party, (B) Paragraph IV Certification Notices dated within the three (3) year period ending on the date hereof made by or on behalf of the Impax or any of its Subsidiaries and (C) pending petitions for inter partes review under 35 U.S.C. § 311, et, seq., in which Impax or any of its Subsidiaries is identified as a real party in interest.
(iv) To the Knowledge of Impax, no third party is infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating any Impax Intellectual Property.
 
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(v) No unresolved claims or threat of claims within the three (3) years prior to the date of this Agreement, have been asserted in writing by Impax or any of its Subsidiaries against any third party with respect to the infringement or the alleged infringement of any Impax Intellectual Property.
(g) Neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries is bound by, and none of the material Intellectual Property purported to be owned or to its Knowledge which is exclusively licensed by Impax or any of its Subsidiaries, is subject to, any Contract containing any covenant or other provision that materially limits or restricts the ability of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries to use, exploit, assert, enforce, transfer or license any rights in any such Intellectual Property anywhere in the world (excluding in the case of any Intellectual Property exclusively licensed to Impax or any of its Subsidiaries, such license).
(h) Upon the termination of any Contract wherein Impax and/or any of its Subsidiaries has agreed to manufacture or supply a product or active pharmaceutical ingredient for a third party, Impax and/or its Subsidiaries shall retain and continue to have the right to use all Intellectual Property, data, bioavailability studies, drug master files, dossiers and regulatory approvals granted by any Healthcare Regulatory Authority which are required or necessary to manufacture said product or active pharmaceutical ingredient either for itself or another person without restriction or obligation to the third party of such terminated Contract.
(i) The consummation of the Transactions will not result in the loss or impairment of Impax’s or its Subsidiaries’ rights to own or use any of the Impax Intellectual Property or obligate them to pay any royalties or other amounts to any third party in excess of the amounts payable by them prior to the Closing, nor will such consummation require the consent of any third party in respect of any Impax Intellectual Property, except as have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, material direct or indirect costs or liabilities to, or other material direct or indirect negative impact on, Impax and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole.
(j) Neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries has entered into any Contract which, upon the consummation of the Transactions will, to the Knowledge of Impax, result in the loss or impairment of Holdco’s or any of its Subsidiaries’ ability (A) to engage in any line of business or conduct business in any geographic area, (B) to distribute or offer any products or services or (C) to compete with any other person in any line of business or in any geographic area or levying a fine, charge or other payment for doing any of the foregoing, in each case of (A)-(C), with respect to any products or services currently marketed by Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries as of the date of this Agreement.
(k) Impax and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable measures to protect the confidentiality of their Trade Secrets.
(l) During the three (3) years prior to the date of this Agreement, (i) to the Knowledge of Impax, there have been no material security breaches in Impax’s or its Subsidiaries’ information technology systems wherein any third party has gained unauthorized access to any of Impax’s or of any of its Subsidiaries’ confidential and/or proprietary information and (ii) there have been no disruptions in any of Impax’s or its Subsidiaries’ information technology systems that materially adversely affected Impax’s or its Subsidiaries’ business or operations. Impax and its Subsidiaries have evaluated their security, disaster recovery and backup needs and have implemented plans and systems designed to reasonably address their assessment of risk.
(m) Impax and each of its Subsidiaries is and has been during the past three (3) years in compliance with its applicable privacy policies and obligations to third parties relating to any processing of personal information except for any failure in compliance has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect. To Impax’s Knowledge, there has not been any audit, investigation or other Litigation Proceeding initiated by any Governmental Authority, regarding the processing of personal information by Impax or any of its Subsidiaries.
 
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 Section 3.17 Real Property .
(a) Section 3.17(a)(i) of the Impax Disclosure Letter contains a complete and accurate list by property, city, state and country of all interests in real property currently owned in fee by Impax and any of its Subsidiaries (the “ Impax Owned Real Property ”). Section 3.17(a)(ii) of the Impax Disclosure Letter contains (i) a complete and accurate list, by property, city, state and country, of all real property currently leased (as lessee), licensed (as licensee) or subleased (as sublessee) by Impax or any of its Subsidiaries (the “ Impax Leased Real Property ” and, together with the Impax Owned Real Property, collectively, the “ Impax Real Property ”), and (ii) a description of each Impax Lease and all amendments, modifications and supplements thereto.
(b) The Impax Owned Real Property, together with the Impax Leased Real Property, is sufficient in all material respects for the operation of the business currently conducted by Impax and its Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business, and Impax and each of its Subsidiaries, as applicable, enjoys peaceful and undisturbed possession of the Impax Owned Real Property and the Impax Leased Real Property sufficient for current business and operational use requirements.
(c) Impax and/or its Subsidiaries, as applicable, has good and valid fee simple title to all Impax Owned Real Property, free and clear of any Liens other than Permitted Liens. Impax has made available to Amneal accurate and complete copies of all title insurance policies, title reports and surveys for the Impax Real Property in possession or control of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries. To the Knowledge of Impax, all buildings, plants, structures and other improvements that form a part of the Impax Real Property lie wholly within the boundaries of the land owned or leased by Impax or its Subsidiaries, as applicable, and do not materially encroach upon the property of, or otherwise materially conflict with the property rights of, any other person.
(d) None of the Impax Owned Real Property is subject to any lease, license, or sublease or any material use or occupancy agreement entered into outside of the ordinary course of business pursuant to which Impax or any of its Subsidiaries has granted any third party or third parties the right to use or occupancy of such Impax Owned Real Property (other than Permitted Liens or to Impax or any of its Subsidiaries).
(e) To Impax’s Knowledge, (i) all improvements on the Impax Real Property are structurally sound and in working order sufficient for their normal operation in the manner currently being operated, normal wear and tear excepted and (ii) the utilities servicing the Impax Real Property are adequate for the operation of each facility as it is currently being operated.
(f) The Impax Owned Real Property, and the current use and occupancy thereof, is in material compliance with (i) all applicable building, zoning, subdivision, health and safety and other Laws pertaining to the ownership, construction, use or occupancy of real property, including the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended, (ii) all easements, covenants, conditions, restrictions or similar provision in any instrument of record or other unrecorded agreement affecting such property and (iii) any requirements of any Governmental Authority in connection with (A) such Governmental Authority’s consents and/or (B) any entitlements or benefits extended by such Governmental Authority, in both cases, in relation to the use and development of the real property and operation of the facilities thereon. To Impax’s Knowledge, each Impax Lease that requires registration with any Governmental Authority has been duly registered.
(g) To Impax’s Knowledge, no eminent domain, condemnation or other similar proceeding is pending or threatened affecting any of the Impax Owned Real Property, Impax Leased Real Property or any part thereof.
(h) There are no outstanding options, rights of first offer or rights of first refusal to purchase any Impax Owned Real Property or any portion thereof or interest therein.
(i) Each contract, agreement or arrangement (including any option to purchase contained therein) pursuant to which Impax or any of its Subsidiaries leases, licenses or subleases any Impax Leased Real Property (each, an “ Impax Lease ” and, collectively, the “ Impax Leases ”) is a written agreement in full force and effect, and is valid, binding and enforceable, subject to proper authorization and execution of each Impax Lease by the other parties
 
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thereto and except to the extent that enforcement may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium or similar Laws affecting creditors’ right generally and by general equity principles. Impax has made available to Amneal (in each case, together with all material amendments, assignments, modifications, supplements, waivers or other changes thereto) true and complete copies of all Impax Leases and, in the case of any oral Impax Lease, a written summary of the material terms of such Impax Lease, to which Impax or any of its Subsidiaries is a party. None of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries subleases (as sublessor), licenses (as licensor) or grants the use or occupancy of, to any other person (other than business invitees in the ordinary course of business), any portion of the Impax Leased Real Property. Except for Permitted Liens, none of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries has collaterally assigned, transferred, conveyed, mortgaged, deeded in trust or encumbered any interest in any Impax Lease.
(j) There exists no default or event of default on the part of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries under any Impax Leases or, to Impax’s Knowledge, any other party thereto, in each case that has not been cured and to Impax’s Knowledge, no condition exists that with notice or lapse of time would constitute a default by Impax or any of its Subsidiaries or any other party thereunder, in each case that has not been cured or that has not had or would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect. None of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries has received written notice of any default or event of default under any Impax Lease, other than any default or event of default that has been cured or that has not had or would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect.
(k) The current use and operation of the Impax Leased Real Property in the ordinary course of business of Impax and its Subsidiaries does not violate any Law in any material respect.
(l) None of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any contract, agreement or arrangement relating to the future acquisition or development of any Impax Real Property by any third party or the acquisition of any other real property by Impax or any of its Subsidiaries.
 Section 3.18 Environmental Matters . Except as has not had or would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect, (a) no written notice, notification, demand, request for information, citation, summons, complaint or order has been received by, and no action, claim, suit, proceeding or review or investigation is pending or, to the Knowledge of Impax, threatened by any person against, Impax, any of its Subsidiaries or, to the Knowledge of Impax, any person whose liability Impax or any of its Subsidiaries has or may have retained or assumed either contractually or by operation of Law with respect to any matters relating to or arising out of any Environmental Law, (b) Impax and its Subsidiaries have at all times been and are presently in compliance with all Environmental Laws, including possessing all permits, authorizations, licenses, exemptions and other governmental authorizations required under applicable Environmental Laws for its operations as conducted at such time, (c) Impax and its Subsidiaries do not have any Environmental Liabilities and, to the Knowledge of Impax, there are no facts, circumstances or conditions relating to, arising from, associated with or attributable to either (i) any real property currently or formerly owned, operated or leased by Impax or its Subsidiaries or operations thereon, (ii) Impax or its Subsidiaries current or former conduct of its business or operations, including any Releases of Hazardous Materials or arrangement for disposal or Release at any location, or (iii) any person whose liability Impax or any of its Subsidiaries has or may have retained or assumed either contractually or by operation of Law that would, in any such case, reasonably be expected to result in Environmental Liabilities and (d) with respect to any real property currently owned or leased by Impax or its Subsidiaries or, to the Knowledge of Impax, formerly owned or leased by Impax or its Subsidiaries, there have been no Releases by Impax or any of its Subsidiaries, or to the Knowledge of Impax, by any other person, of Hazardous Materials that have resulted or are reasonably likely to result in a claim against Impax or its Subsidiaries.
 Section 3.19 Labor Matters . No labor strike, work slowdown, work stoppage, lockout or other concerted labor action or dispute involving the employees of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries is pending, or to the Knowledge of Impax, threatened against or affecting Impax or any of its Subsidiaries and, since January 1, 2014,
 
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there has not been any such action. Neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries is party to or bound by any collective bargaining or similar agreement with any labor organization or any work rules or practices agreed to with any labor organization applicable to employees of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries, and no collective bargaining or similar agreement is currently being negotiated by Impax or any of its Subsidiaries. Except as has not had or would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect, each of Impax and its Subsidiaries is, and has been since January 1, 2014, in compliance with all applicable Laws respecting labor, employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment, health and safety and wages and hours. Neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries has incurred any liability or obligation under the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder (the “WARN Act”) or any similar state or local Law that remains unsatisfied.
 Section 3.20 Insurance . Section 3.20(a) of the Impax Disclosure Letter sets forth each insurance policy (including policies providing casualty, liability, medical and workers compensation coverage) to which Impax or any Subsidiary is currently a party (the “ Impax Policies ”). All Impax Policies are in full force and effect, and all premiums that are due and payable with respect thereto covering all periods up to and including the Closing Date have been paid, except as have not had or would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect. Since January 1, 2014, no notice of cancellation or termination has been received with respect to any Impax Policies, except for such cancellations or terminations which have not had or would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect. Since January 1, 2014, each of Impax and its Subsidiaries has been continuously insured with recognized insurers or has self-insured, in each case in such amounts and with respect to such risks and losses as are required by Law and any Contract to which it is a party and as are customary for companies in the United States conducting the businesses conducted by Impax and its Subsidiaries, except where such failure has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect. Section 3.20(b) of the Impax Disclosure Letter sets forth the premium paid by Impax and its Subsidiaries for directors and officers liability insurance for its last full policy year.
 Section 3.21 Prohibited Persons .
(a) Neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries nor, to the Knowledge of Impax, any of its brokers or agents acting or benefiting in any capacity in connection with the Transactions or Ancillary Transactions is a Prohibited Person.
(b) Neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries nor, to the Knowledge of Impax, any of its brokers or agents acting or benefiting in any capacity in connection with the Transactions or Ancillary Transactions (i) has conducted or will conduct any business or has engaged or will engage in any transaction or dealing with any Prohibited Person, including making or receiving any contribution of funds, goods or services to or for the benefit of a Prohibited Person; (ii) has dealt or will deal in, or has otherwise engaged or will engage in any transaction relating to, any property or interests in property blocked pursuant to the Executive Order; or (iii) has engaged or will engage in or has conspired or will conspire to engage in any transaction that evades or avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding, or attempts to violate, any of the requirements or prohibitions set forth in the Executive Order or the USA PATRIOT Act.
(c) Neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries nor, to the Knowledge of Impax, any of its brokers or agents has in the three (3) years prior to the date of this Agreement, in connection with the business of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries, taken any action in violation of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended (the “ FCPA ”), the United Kingdom Bribery Act 2010, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions and related implementing legislation, or any anti-bribery or anti-corruption related provisions in criminal and anti-competition Laws and/or anti-bribery, anti-corruption and/or anti-money laundering Laws of any jurisdiction in which such person operates (collectively, “ Anti-Corruption Laws ”).
 
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(d) Neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries nor, to the Knowledge of Impax, any of its brokers or agents, is, or in the three (3) years prior to the date of this Agreement has been, subject to any actual, pending, or threatened civil, criminal, or administrative actions, suits, demands, claims, hearings, notices of violation, investigations, proceedings, demand letters, settlements, or enforcement actions, or made any voluntary disclosures to any Governmental Authority, involving Impax or any of its Subsidiaries in any way relating to any applicable Anti-Corruption Laws, including the FCPA.
 Section 3.22 Transactions with Related Parties . Except with respect to the Impax Plans, since January 1, 2014, there has been no transaction, or series of similar transactions, agreements, arrangements or understandings, nor are there any currently proposed transactions, or series of similar transactions, agreements, arrangements or understandings to which Impax or any of its Subsidiaries was or is to be a party, that would be required to be disclosed under Item 404 of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Securities Act that have not been so disclosed in the Impax SEC Documents.
 Section 3.23 Brokers and Other Advisors . No broker, investment banker, financial advisor or other person, other than Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (“ Morgan Stanley ”), the fees and expenses of which will be paid by Impax in accordance with Impax’s agreements with such firms (true and complete copies of which have heretofore been made available to Amneal), is entitled to any broker’s, finder’s, financial advisor’s or other similar fee or commission, or the reimbursement of expenses, in connection with the Transactions based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of Impax or its Subsidiaries.
 Section 3.24 Opinion of Financial Advisor . The Impax Board has received the opinion of Morgan Stanley to the effect that, as of the date of such opinion and based on and subject to the various assumptions, procedures, matters, qualifications and limitations on the scope of the review undertaken by Morgan Stanley as set forth therein, the consideration to be received by the holders of Impax Common Stock (other than Cancelled Shares) pursuant to this Agreement is fair from a financial point of view to such holders of Impax Common Stock, and a complete copy of such written opinion will be made available to Amneal, solely for informational purposes, as soon as practicable after the date of this Agreement.
 Section 3.25 State Takeover Statutes . Assuming the accuracy of the representations and warranties of Amneal contained in this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements, no “business combination,” “fair price,” “moratorium,” “control share acquisition” or similar anti-takeover statute or regulation (other than Section 203 of the DGCL) is applicable to Impax, the shares of Impax Common Stock or the Transactions. The Impax Board has taken all necessary actions so that the restrictions on business combinations set forth in Section 203 of the DGCL are not applicable to this Agreement, the Ancillary Agreements, the Transactions or the Ancillary Transactions.
 Section 3.26 No Rights Agreement . There is no stockholder rights plan, “poison pill,” anti-takeover plan or other similar device in effect to which Impax is a party or by which it is otherwise bound.
 Section 3.27 Requisite Stockholder Approval . The only vote of holders of any class or series of Impax Common Stock or other equity interest of Impax necessary to approve the Transactions is the adoption of this Agreement by the holders of a majority of the Impax Common Stock outstanding and entitled to vote thereon (the “ Impax Stockholder Approval ”). No other vote of the holders of Impax Common Stock or any other equity interests of Impax is necessary to consummate the Transactions.
 Section 3.28 Holdco . Holdco has been formed solely for the purpose of engaging in the Transactions and the Ancillary Transactions contemplated hereby and, prior to the Closing, Holdco will not have engaged in any other business activities other than incidental to the Transactions and the Ancillary Transactions contemplated hereby and will have incurred no liabilities or obligations other than in relation to the Transactions and the Ancillary Transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
 
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 Section 3.29 Exclusivity of Representations; No Limitation of Other Representations . The representations and warranties made by Impax in this Article III are the exclusive representations and warranties made by Impax and its Subsidiaries. Impax hereby acknowledges that neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor any of their respective equityholders or Representatives, nor any other person, has made or is making any other express or implied representation or warranty with respect to Impax and its Subsidiaries or any of their respective businesses, operations, assets or liabilities, including with respect to any information provided or made available to Amneal or any of its Representatives, including in certain “data rooms,” management presentations or other information provided or made available to Amneal or its Representatives in anticipation or contemplation of any of the Transactions contemplated hereby. Furthermore, in connection with the due diligence investigation of Impax, its Subsidiaries and their business and operations by and on behalf of Amneal and its Representatives, such persons have received and may continue to receive certain estimates, projections, forecasts and other forward-looking information, as well as certain business plan information, regarding Impax, its Subsidiaries and their business and operations. Amneal hereby acknowledges that there are uncertainties inherent in attempting to make such estimates, projections, forecasts and other forward-looking statements, as well as in such business plans, that Amneal is taking full responsibility for making its own evaluation of the adequacy and accuracy of all estimates, projections, forecasts and other forward-looking information, as well as such business plans, so furnished to it (including the reasonableness of the assumptions underlying such estimates, projections, forecasts, forward-looking information or business plans), and that no representation or warranty is being made with respect thereto. Nothing in any representation or warranty in this Agreement shall in any way limit or restrict the scope, applicability or meaning of any other representation or warranty made by Impax in this Agreement.
 ARTICLE IV
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF AMNEAL
Except as set forth in the disclosure letter delivered by Amneal to Impax prior to the execution of this Agreement (the “ Amneal Disclosure Letter ”), Amneal represents and warrants to Impax as follows:
 Section 4.01 Organization, Standing and Corporate Power . Each of Amneal and the Amneal Material Subsidiaries is an entity duly organized, validly existing and in good standing (except to the extent the “good standing” concept is not applicable in any relevant jurisdiction) under the Laws of the jurisdiction in which it is formed and has all requisite corporate, limited liability company or other entity power and authority to carry on its business as now being conducted. Each other Subsidiary of Amneal is an entity duly organized, validly existing and in good standing (except to the extent the “good standing” concept is not applicable in any relevant jurisdiction) under the Laws of the jurisdiction in which it is formed and has all requisite limited liability company or other entity power and authority to carry on its business as now being conducted, except to the extent that any failure to be so organized, validly existing and in good standing has not had or would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect. Amneal and each of its Subsidiaries is duly qualified or licensed to do business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the nature of its business or the ownership, leasing or operation of its properties makes such qualification or licensing necessary, other than in such jurisdictions where the failure to be so qualified or licensed has not had or would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect. Amneal has, prior to the date hereof, made available to Impax a true and complete copy of the certificate of formation of Amneal, the Amneal LLC Operating Agreement and the charter and bylaws (or comparable organizational documents) of the Amneal Material Subsidiaries, in each case as amended to the date of this Agreement. There has been no breach by Amneal of the Amneal LLC Operating Agreement or the Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement for Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, dated as of July 1, 2011. Since May 1, 2015, no provision of the Amneal LLC Operating Agreement has been amended, modified or waived.
 Section 4.02 Subsidiaries . Section 4.02 of the Amneal Disclosure Letter lists all the Subsidiaries of Amneal and, for each such Subsidiary, the state of formation and each jurisdiction in which such Subsidiary is qualified or licensed to do business. Except for Permitted Liens, all the outstanding shares of capital stock of, or other
 
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equity interests in, each such Subsidiary have been validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable and are owned directly or indirectly by Amneal free and clear of any Liens other than Permitted Liens and Liens pursuant to existing financing arrangements. Except for the capital stock or other equity or voting interests of its Subsidiaries, Amneal does not own, directly or indirectly, any capital stock or other equity or voting interests in any person.
 Section 4.03 Capital Structure .
(a) Section 4.03(a) of the Amneal Disclosure Letter sets forth, as of the date of this Agreement, each of the Existing Amneal Members and lists the Amneal LLC Interests owned by each such Existing Amneal Member. Except the Amneal LLC Interests owned by the Existing Amneal Members, as of the date of this Agreement, there are no issued or outstanding limited liability company interests or other equity interests in Amneal.
(b) There are no outstanding stock appreciation rights, rights to receive Amneal LLC Interests on a deferred basis or other rights that are linked to the value of Amneal LLC Interests granted under the Amneal Plans. All outstanding Amneal LLC Interests are, and all Amneal LLC Interests which may be issued pursuant to the Amneal Plans will be, when issued in accordance with the terms thereof, duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and not subject to preemptive rights.
(c) Except as set forth above in Section 4.03(a) , there are no bonds, debentures, notes or other indebtedness of Amneal having the right to vote (or convertible into, or exchangeable for, securities having the right to vote) on any matters on which the Existing Amneal Members may vote. Except as set forth above in Section 4.03(a) , (i) there are not issued, reserved for issuance or outstanding (A) any securities of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of capital stock or voting securities of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries or (B) any warrants, calls, options or other rights to acquire from Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries, or any obligation of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries to issue, any capital stock, voting securities or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for capital stock or voting securities of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries and (ii) there are not any outstanding obligations of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries to repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any such securities or to issue, deliver or sell, or cause to be issued, delivered or sold, any such securities. Neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any voting agreement with respect to the voting of any such securities.
 Section 4.04 Authority; Noncontravention .
(a) Amneal has all requisite limited liability company power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements to which it is a party, to perform its obligations under this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements to which it is a party and to consummate the Transactions and the Ancillary Transactions. The execution, delivery and performance by Amneal of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements to which it is a party, and the consummation by it of the Transactions and the Ancillary Transactions, have been duly and validly authorized by all necessary limited liability company action on the part of Amneal, and no other limited liability company proceedings on the part of Amneal are necessary to authorize the execution and delivery by Amneal of this Agreement, the Ancillary Agreements to which it is a party and the consummation by it of the Transactions and the Ancillary Transactions. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by Amneal and, assuming due authorization, execution and delivery hereof by Impax, is a legal, valid and binding obligation of Amneal, enforceable against Amneal in accordance with its terms (subject to applicable bankruptcy, solvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and other Laws affecting creditors’ rights generally from time to time in effect and by general principles of equity). The Amneal Board has unanimously adopted resolutions approving this Agreement, the Ancillary Agreements to which Amneal is a party and the Transactions and the Ancillary Transactions, and authorizing and approving the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements to which Amneal is a party in accordance with their terms and the consummation of the Transactions and the Ancillary Transactions.
 
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(b) The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements to which Amneal is a party, and the consummation of the Transactions and the Ancillary Transactions, do not and will not conflict with, or result in any violation or breach of, or default (with or without notice or lapse of time or both) under, or give rise to a right of termination, cancellation or acceleration of any obligation or to the loss of a benefit under, or result in the creation of any Lien in or upon any of the properties or other assets of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries under, (i) the certificate of formation of Amneal, the Amneal LLC Operating Agreement or the charter and bylaws (or comparable organizational documents) of the Amneal Material Subsidiaries, (ii) any Contract to which Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or any of their respective properties or other assets is subject or (iii) subject to the governmental filings and other matters referred to in Section 4.06 , any Law applicable to Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries or their respective properties or other assets, other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), any such conflicts, violations, breaches, defaults, rights, losses or Liens that have not had or would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect.
 Section 4.05 Valid Issuance of Amneal Units .
(a) The Amneal Units, when issued, sold and delivered in accordance with the terms of this Agreement for the consideration set forth in this Agreement will be duly authorized and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and will be issued free and clear of any Liens (other than such Liens created by the Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement or applicable securities Laws) or any preemptive rights.
(b) Amneal has not offered any Amneal Units for sale to, or solicited any offers to buy from, or otherwise approached or negotiated in respect of any such offer to sell or buy with, any persons other than Holdco. Amneal has not taken any action that will, in and of itself, cause the issuance, sale and delivery of the Amneal Units to constitute a violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities Laws.
 Section 4.06 Governmental Approvals . No consent, approval, order or authorization of, action by or in respect of, or registration, declaration or filing with, any Governmental Authority is required by or with respect to Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries in connection with the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements to which Amneal is a party by Amneal and the Existing Amneal Members or the consummation by Amneal and the Existing Amneal Members of the Transactions and the Ancillary Transactions, except (a) the premerger notification and report form under the HSR Act, (b) the governmental approvals, consents and authorizations that are applicable to Amneal and its Subsidiaries as set forth on Section 4.06(b) of the Amneal Disclosure Letter, pursuant to applicable Laws, for consummation of the Transactions and the Ancillary Transactions, (c) such filings and approvals as may be required by any applicable state securities or “blue sky” Laws, (d) the filing of all material applications, consents, approvals, authorizations and notices, as required by any Healthcare Regulatory Authority, each of which is set forth on Section 4.06(d) of the Amneal Disclosure Letter and (e) such other consents, approvals, orders, authorizations, registrations, declarations and filings where the failure to make any such filing, give any such notice or obtain any such consent or approval would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect.
 Section 4.07 Amneal Financial Statements; No Undisclosed Liabilities .
(a) The audited consolidated balance sheets of APHC, as at December 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, and the related audited consolidated income and cash flow statements of Amneal for the fiscal years then ended, and the unaudited consolidated balance sheet and the related unaudited income and cash flow statements of APHC, each as at and for the six (6) month period ending June 30, 2017 (collectively, the “ Amneal Financial Statements ”), were prepared in accordance with GAAP consistently applied throughout the periods and the dates involved, except as otherwise noted therein. Prior to the date of this Agreement, true, complete and correct copies of the Amneal Financial Statements, and the accompanying independent auditors’ reports, as applicable, have been made available to Impax. As of the dates of such financial statements, the
 
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Amneal Financial Statements fairly present in all material respects the financial position, the results of operations and cash flow of Amneal and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of the dates thereof and the consolidated results of their operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to the absence of footnote disclosure and to normal and recurring year-end audit adjustments not material in amount).
(b) Neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries has any liabilities or obligations of any nature (whether accrued, absolute, contingent or otherwise) that would be required under GAAP to be reflected on a consolidated balance sheet of Amneal and its Subsidiaries (including the notes thereto), except for any such liabilities or obligations (i) accrued, disclosed, reflected or reserved against in the most recent Amneal Financial Statements (including any related notes), (ii) incurred in the ordinary course of business since the date of the latest balance sheet included in the most recent Amneal Financial Statements, (iii) incurred in connection with this Agreement, the Ancillary Agreements to which Amneal is a party, the Transactions and the Ancillary Transactions or (iv) that have not had or would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect.
 Section 4.08 Information Supplied . The information supplied in writing by Amneal expressly for inclusion in the Registration Statement and the Proxy Statement/Prospectus will not (a) in the case of the Registration Statement, at the time the Registration Statement is declared effective under the Securities Act, and (b) in the case of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus, as of the date the Proxy Statement/Prospectus is first mailed to the stockholders of Impax and at the time of any meeting of Impax’s stockholders to be held in connection with the Transactions, including the Impax Stockholder Meeting, contain any untrue statement of a material fact, or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not false or misleading. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, Amneal make no representation or warranty with respect to statements made in any of the foregoing documents based on information supplied by Impax for inclusion therein.
 Section 4.09 Absence of Certain Changes or Events . Since January 1, 2017 until the date of this Agreement, except as expressly required by this Agreement or any Ancillary Agreement, (a) Amneal and its Subsidiaries have conducted their respective businesses in all material respects in accordance with the ordinary course of such businesses and (b) there has not been any change, effect, event, circumstance, occurrence or state of facts that has had or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect.
 Section 4.10 Litigation . There is no Litigation Proceeding or internal investigation pending or, to the Knowledge of Amneal, threatened, and Amneal has no Knowledge of any external investigation pending or threatened with respect to Amneal or its Subsidiaries, nor is there any material judgment, decree, injunction, rule or order of any Governmental Authority or arbitrator outstanding with respect to Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries, except in each case for any Litigation Proceedings, investigations, judgments, decrees, injunctions, rules, orders or claims that have not been and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect.
 Section 4.11 Contracts .
(a) Section 4.11(a) of the Amneal Disclosure Letter sets forth a true and complete list as of the date of this Agreement, and Amneal has, prior to the date of this Agreement, made available to Impax true and complete copies (including all material amendments, modifications, extensions, renewals or guaranties) of the following, other than any Amneal Plans (all such Contracts set forth on Section 4.11(a) of the Amneal Disclosure Letter, or which are required to be so disclosed, “ Amneal Material Contracts ”):
(i) all Contracts of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries involving payments by or to Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries of more than $2,500,000 on an annual basis;
 
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(ii) all Contracts with third party manufacturers and suppliers for the manufacture and supply of products providing for minimum order quantities, minimum purchase requirements or exclusive supply, manufacturing or purchase requirements with a total annual payment or financial commitment exceeding $2,500,000;
(iii) all Contracts having a remaining term of three (3) years or more as of the date hereof wherein Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries is obligated to manufacture or supply products to any third party with a total annual payment or financial commitment exceeding $2,500,000;
(iv) all Contracts to which Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries is a party, or by which Amneal, any of its Subsidiaries is bound, that contain any covenant materially limiting or prohibiting the right of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries (A) to engage in any line of business or conduct business in any geographic area, (B) to distribute or offer any products or services or (C) to compete with any other person in any line of business or in any geographic area or levying a fine, charge or other payment for doing any of the foregoing, in each case other than (x) non-compete or non-solicitation Contracts with non-executive employees of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries or (y) confidentiality agreements including non-solicitation, “no raid” or no-hire provisions;
(v) all Contracts of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries with any Affiliate of Amneal (other than any of its Subsidiaries) (A) whereby Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries agrees to indemnify such Affiliate; or (B) in which the amount involved exceeds $500,000 on an annual basis, except for Contracts in respect of employment or consulting services entered into in the ordinary course of business;
(vi) all Contracts of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries granting or obtaining any license to Intellectual Property involving payments of more than $1,000,000 in any calendar year;
(vii) all Contracts of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries involving payments to a single vendor by or to Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries of more than $2,500,000 on an annual basis that require consent of or notice to a third party in the event of or with respect to the Transactions or the Ancillary Transactions, including in order to avoid a breach or termination of, or loss of benefit under, any such Contract;
(viii) all joint venture, partnership or other similar agreements involving co-investment with a third party to which Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries is a party;
(ix) all Contracts with any Governmental Authority or any Healthcare Regulatory Authority under which Amneal provides products or services involving aggregate consideration in excess of $2,500,000;
(x) settlement agreements with, or agreements entered into in connection with settlement agreements with, Governmental Authorities or any Healthcare Regulatory Authority that have existing or contingent material performance obligations;
(xi) all Contracts pursuant to which any Indebtedness of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries is outstanding or may be incurred (except for Contracts relating to Indebtedness (A) the aggregate principal amount of which does not exceed $5,000,000 or (B) solely among Amneal and/or its Subsidiaries);
(xii) all Contracts of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries which grant to any third party any exclusive rights, right of first refusal, right of first offer or similar right or ownership interest, in each case, with respect to any material Intellectual Property, drug master files, dossiers, regulatory filings or approvals with any Healthcare Regulatory Authority or other material assets, rights or properties of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries;
(xiii) all Contracts relating to the voting or registration of any securities or providing Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries with any right of first refusal with respect to, or right to repurchase or redeem, any assets or securities;
(xiv) all Contracts of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries that relate to an acquisition, divestiture, merger or similar transaction that contain material representations, covenants, indemnities or other obligations (including material payment, indemnification or other contingent obligations) or any “earn-out” obligations
 
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of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries, that are in effect (other than any indemnification provisions which relate to representations and warranties in respect of organization, power and authority, due authorization, capitalization, non-contravention, Taxes, brokers fees or other similar representations and warranties which are contained in the applicable acquisition agreement);
(xv) all Contracts of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries relating to the settlement of any Litigation Proceeding that provide for any continuing material obligations on the part of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries;
(xvi) all Contracts obligating Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries to purchase or otherwise obtain any material product or service exclusively from any person or sell any material product or service exclusively to any person;
(xvii) all Contracts relating to a material research and development collaboration or any joint development, in each case, for any products currently marketed by Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries;
(xviii) all Contracts that are collective bargaining agreements and all Contracts with any trade union, works council or other employee representative or other labor organization;
(xix) all Contracts of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries that prohibit, limit or restrict the payment of dividends or distributions in respect of the capital stock of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries or otherwise, prohibit, limit or restrict the pledging of capital stock of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries or prohibit, limit or restrict the issuance of guarantees by Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries; and
(xx) Contracts that obligate Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries to make any capital contribution or other investment (including pursuant to any joint venture) in a person in excess of $1,000,000 on an annual basis.
For purposes of this Section 4.11(a) , amounts calculated on an “annual basis” or similar terms reflect annualized expenses or payments based on payments made during the period from (A)(1) January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2016 or (2) January 1, 2017 through June 30, 2017 and (B) accruals for the applicable calendar year.
(b) (i) none of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries (A) is, or has received written notice that any other party to any Amneal Material Contract is, in violation or breach of or default (with or without notice or lapse of time or both) under or (B) has waived or failed to enforce any rights or benefits under any Amneal Material Contract to which it is a party or any of its properties or other assets is subject, (ii) there has occurred no event giving to others any right of termination, amendment or cancellation of (with or without notice or lapse of time or both) any such Amneal Material Contract and (iii) each such Amneal Material Contract is in full force and effect and is a legal, valid and binding agreement of, and enforceable against, Amneal or its Subsidiary, and, to the Knowledge of Amneal, each other party thereto, except for violations, breaches, defaults, waivers or failures to enforce rights or benefits, or failures to be in full force and effect or to be legal, valid, binding or enforceable, covered by clauses (i), (ii) or (iii) above that have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect. No party to any of the Contracts set forth on Section 4.11(a) of the Amneal Disclosure Letter has provided written notice exercising any termination rights with respect thereto.
 Section 4.12 Compliance with Laws .
(a) Amneal and each of its Subsidiaries are and have been since January 1, 2014 in compliance with all Laws applicable to them, their properties or other assets or their business or operations, except for such violations or noncompliance that have not been and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect. Amneal and its Subsidiaries have in effect all material permits, licenses, certificates of need, registrations, accreditations, Government Program provider agreements, variances, exemptions, authorizations, operating certificates, franchises, orders, approvals, and similar rights issued by or
 
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obtained from all Governmental Authorities (collectively, “ Amneal Permits ”) necessary to carry on their businesses as currently conducted, and there has occurred no violation of, default (with or without notice or lapse of time or both) under, or event giving to others any right of termination, amendment or cancellation of, with or without notice or lapse of time or both, any Amneal Permit, except for such violation, defaults, terminations, amendments or cancellations that, individually or in the aggregate, have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have an Amneal Material Adverse Effect. There is no event which has occurred that would reasonably be expected to result in the termination, revocation, cancellation, non-renewal or adverse modification of any such Amneal Permit that is material to Amneal and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole. Assuming all notices or consents listed on Section 4.06(b) of the Amneal Disclosure Letter are made or obtained, the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements and the consummation of the Transactions and the Ancillary Transactions do not and will not conflict with or result in any violation or breach of, or default (with or without notice or lapse of time or both) under, or give rise to a right of termination, cancellation or acceleration of any obligation or to the loss of a benefit under, or result in the creation of any Lien in or upon any properties or other assets of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries under, any such Amneal Permit, except for any such conflicts, violations, breaches or defaults which has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect. This Section 4.12 does not apply to Tax matters which are the subject of Section 4.15 .
(b) Since January 1, 2012, (i) neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any written notice from any Governmental Authority that alleges or relates to (A) any violation or noncompliance (or reflects that Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries is under investigation or the subject of an inquiry by any such Governmental Authority for such alleged noncompliance) with any applicable Law or (B) any fine, assessment or cease and desist order, or the suspension, revocation or limitation or restriction of any Amneal Permit and (ii) neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries has entered into any agreement or settlement with any Governmental Authority with respect to its alleged noncompliance with, or violation of, any applicable Law, except in each case in clauses (i) and (ii) above to the extent any such violation, noncompliance, fine, assessment, order, suspension, revocation, limitation or restriction has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect.
(c) Since January 1, 2012, Amneal and each of its Subsidiaries have timely filed all regulatory reports, schedules, statements, documents, filings, submissions, forms, registrations and other documents, together with any amendments required to be made with respect thereto, that each was required to file with any Governmental Authority, including state health and regulatory authorities and any applicable federal regulatory authorities, and have timely paid all fees and assessments due and payable in connection therewith, except where the failure to make such filings or payments has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect.
 Section 4.13 FDA Regulatory Matters .
(a) Amneal and each of its Subsidiaries is and has been since January 1, 2014, in compliance in all material respects with (i) all Healthcare Laws and (ii) all Healthcare Regulatory Authorizations, including all requirements of the FDA, DEA, and all other Healthcare Regulatory Authorities, that are applicable to Amneal or its Subsidiaries, as applicable. As of the date hereof, neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor their respective officers, directors or employees, or agents authorized to appear before any Healthcare Regulatory Authority for or on behalf of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries, is subject to, or has received written, or, to Amneal’s Knowledge, oral notice or other communication of any pending or threatened claim, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, audit, investigation, arbitration or other action alleging that any operation or activity of Amneal or its Subsidiaries is in violation of any Healthcare Laws or otherwise related to the business of Amneal or its Subsidiaries by or before any Healthcare Regulatory Authority, including any action (i) to suspend, revoke or withdraw a material Healthcare Regulatory Authorization or (ii) contesting the approval of, the uses of, or the labeling or promotion of, or otherwise alleging, in each case, any material violation of Law with respect to, any product or product candidate manufactured, distributed or marketed by or on behalf of Amneal or its Subsidiaries.
 
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(b) Amneal and each of its Subsidiaries, as applicable, has held, or has held contractual rights to, all material Healthcare Regulatory Authorizations required for the marketing and approval of all products marketed by or on behalf of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries, and all such Healthcare Regulatory Authorizations are in full force and effect. As of the date hereof, neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor their respective officers, directors or employees, or agents authorized to appear before any Healthcare Regulatory Authority for or on behalf of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries, as applicable, has received written or, to Amneal’s Knowledge, oral notice or other communication of any material inaccuracy or material insufficiency of, or of any termination, suspension, rejection or denial of, any filing or application for any material Healthcare Regulatory Authorization that was not corrected or otherwise addressed in a subsequent filing. To Amneal’s Knowledge, no event has occurred which allows, or after notice or lapse of time would allow, or would reasonably be expect to lead to, the revocation, withdrawal, termination, suspension, rejection or denial of any material Healthcare Regulatory Authorization (or any filing or application therefor) or result in any other impairment of the rights of the holder of any material Healthcare Regulatory Authorization (or any filing or application therefor).
(c) All material reports, documents, registrations, authorizations, claims and notices required to be filed, maintained, or furnished to any Healthcare Regulatory Authority, including all registrations and reports required to be filed with clinicaltrials.gov; clinical investigator financial disclosure obligations; registration and listing requirements set forth in 21 U.S.C. Section 360 and 21 C.F.R. Part 207; reporting requirements under the Physician Payments Sunshine Act (42 U.S.C. 1320a-7h, et seq.), and all similar state transparency requirements; drug price reporting; and adverse event reports, by Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries have been so filed, maintained or furnished and were complete and correct in all material respects on the date filed (or were corrected in or supplemented by a subsequent filing).
(d) The development, manufacture, labeling and storage, as applicable, of any drugs or products by Amneal and each of its Subsidiaries has been since January 1, 2014, and is being conducted, in compliance in all material respects with all applicable Laws of the FDA, U.S. Customs, DEA and other Healthcare Regulatory Authorities, including the FDA’s current Good Laboratory Practices, Good Manufacturing Practices and Good Clinical Practices.
(e) Since January 1, 2014, neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries has (i) voluntarily or involuntarily initiated, conducted or issued, or caused to be initiated, conducted or issued, or (ii) received any notices, information request letters, correspondence, orders or other communication from any Healthcare Regulatory Authority issuing, requiring or causing any recalls, seizures, detentions, field notifications, field corrections, market withdrawals or replacements, warnings, “dear doctor” letters, investigator notices, safety alerts or other notice of action relating to an alleged lack of safety, efficacy, or regulatory compliance of, or enjoining manufacture or distribution of, any product or product candidate manufactured, distributed or marketed by or on behalf of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries and to Amneal’s Knowledge no Healthcare Regulatory Authority and neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries is considering such action. Since January 1, 2014 until the date hereof, neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any written or, to Amneal’s Knowledge, oral notices, information request letters, correspondence, orders or other communications from any Healthcare Regulatory Authority regarding new safety information, postmarketing clinical trials or studies or risk evaluation and mitigation strategies asserting that labeling changes, postmarketing trials, studies, or other action will be required in order to ensure the safety of any products or product candidates.
(f) All studies, tests and clinical and pre-clinical trials conducted by or, the Knowledge of Amneal, on behalf of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries, or in which Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries or their products or product candidates have participated were and, if still pending, have been and are being conducted in material compliance with all applicable Laws, including the applicable requirements of Good Laboratory Practices and Good Clinical Practices. Neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any written or, to Amneal’s Knowledge, oral notices, correspondence or other communication from any Healthcare Regulatory Authority requiring the termination or suspension of any ongoing or planned clinical trials conducted by, or, to Amneal’s Knowledge, on behalf of, Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries or the business currently conducted by any of them, or in which Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries or their products or product candidates have participated.
 
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(g) Since January 1, 2014, neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any FDA Form 483, notice of adverse finding, warning letters, letters of admonition, untitled letters or other written or, to Amneal’s Knowledge, oral correspondence from any Healthcare Regulatory Authority alleging or asserting material noncompliance with any Laws applicable to, or a lack of safety regarding, Amneal’s or any of its Subsidiaries’ manufacturing practices any product or product candidate manufactured, distributed or marketed by or on behalf of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries. Neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries is subject to any material order of, obligation or commitment to, or settlement with, any Healthcare Regulatory Authority. To Amneal’s Knowledge, no event has occurred which would reasonably be expect to lead to any material claim, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, audit, investigation, inspection by any Healthcare Regulatory Authority or any FDA warning letter, untitled letter, or request or requirement to make changes to the products or procedures of Amneal or its Subsidiaries that, if not complied with, would reasonably be expected to have an Amneal Material Adverse Effect.
(h) Neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor any of their respective officers, directors, employees, nor, to Amneal’s Knowledge, any of their respective contractors, suppliers, agents, or other company or individual performing research or product-related work on behalf of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries, nor any other person described in 42 C.F.R. § 1001.1001(a)(1)(ii) is a party to, or bound by, any order, individual integrity agreement, monitoring agreement, deferred prosecution agreement, consent decree, settlement order, corporate integrity agreement or other similar form agreement with any Governmental Authority resulting from a failure, or alleged failure, to comply with any applicable Laws of the FDA, U.S. Customs, DEA, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and other Healthcare Regulatory Authorities.
(i) Neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries or their products or product candidates are the subject of any pending or, to Amneal’s Knowledge, threatened investigation by the FDA pursuant to its “Fraud, Untrue Statements of Material Facts, Bribery, and Illegal Gratuities” Final Policy set forth in 56 Fed. Reg. 46191 (September 10, 1991) and any amendments thereto, or otherwise. Neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor to Amneal’s Knowledge, any of their respective officers, directors, employees, nor, to Amneal’s Knowledge, any of their respective contractors, suppliers, agents, or other company or individual performing research or product-related work on behalf of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries, nor any other person described in 42 C.F.R. § 1001.1001(a)(1)(ii), (i) has committed any act, made any untrue statement of material fact or failed to make any statement that, at the time such act, statement or disclosure was made, would reasonably be expected to provide a basis for the FDA to invoke its “Fraud, Untrue Statements of Material Facts, Bribery, and Illegal Gratuities” Final Policy (ii) has been charged with any conduct for which debarment is mandated by 21 U.S.C. § 335a or any criminal offense relating to the delivery of an item or service under any federal health care program (iii) has been charged with or been convicted of any crime for which exclusion is mandated or permitted from the federal health care programs under Section 1128 of the Social Security Act of 1935, or any similar Law; (iv) is or has been debarred, excluded or suspended from participation in any federal health care program; (v) has had a civil monetary penalty assessed against it under Section 1128A of the Social Security Act; (vi) is or has been listed on the General Services Administration published list of parties excluded from federal procurement programs and non-procurement programs; or (vii) has been debarred by any federal or international agency.
 Section 4.14 Amneal Benefit Plans .
(a) Section 4.14(a) of the Amneal Disclosure Letter sets forth a true and complete list of all material “employee benefit plans” (as defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA), and all other material employee benefit plans, programs, agreements, policies, arrangements or payroll practices, including with respect to bonus, employment, consulting or other compensation, collective bargaining, company stock, incentive and other equity or equity-based compensation, deferred compensation, retirement, pension, change in control, termination or severance, stock purchase, severance pay, sick leave, vacation pay, salary continuation for disability, hospitalization, medical insurance, life insurance and scholarship, in each case, (i) that are sponsored or maintained by Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries, (ii) to which Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries contributes or is obligated to contribute to,
 
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or in respect of which any potential liability is borne by Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries, (iii) under which current or former employees of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries (the “ Amneal Employees ”) or directors or former directors thereof are eligible to participate or receive benefits or (iv) to which Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries is a party (collectively, the “ Amneal Plans ”).
(b) True and complete copies of the following documents, with respect to each of the Amneal Plans have, prior to the date of this Agreement, been delivered to Impax by Amneal, to the extent applicable: (i) the plan document (or a written summary if the Amneal Plan is not reduced to writing), any material amendments thereto and related trust documents, insurance contracts or other funding arrangements, in each case, as currently in effect; (ii) the most recent Form 5500 and all schedules attached thereto filed with respect to such Amneal Plan, and the most recent actuarial report and financial statements, if any, prepared with respect to such Amneal Plan; and (iii) all material communications received from any Governmental Authority relating to Amneal Plans in the last three (3) years.
(c) Except as would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect, the Amneal Plans have been maintained in accordance with their terms and with all provisions of ERISA, the Code and other applicable Law, and neither Amneal (or any of its Subsidiaries) nor, to the Knowledge of Amneal, any “party in interest” or “disqualified person” with respect to the Amneal Plans has engaged in a non-exempt “prohibited transaction” within the meaning of Section 4975 of the Code or Section 406 of ERISA. Neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries has any material liability for breach of fiduciary duty or any other failure to act or comply with applicable Law in connection with the administration or investment of the assets of any Amneal Plan.
(d) Each of the Amneal Plans that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code has obtained a favorable determination letter as to its qualified status under the Code, has been determined by the IRS to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code. To the Knowledge of Amneal, nothing has occurred since the date of any such letter that would reasonably be expected to adversely affect the qualified status of any such Amneal Plan or the Tax exemption of any trust related thereto.
(e) None of Amneal, its Subsidiaries or, except as would not reasonably be expected to result in material liability to Amneal, any trade or business (whether or not incorporated) that is treated as a single employer with any of them under Sections 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the Code (a “ Amneal ERISA Affiliate ”) (or that was so treated at any time during the six (6) years immediately prior to the date of this Agreement) has ever had (or, in the case of any former Amneal ERISA Affiliate during the last six (6) years, had at the time it was an Amneal ERISA Affiliate) any current or contingent liability with respect to (i) a plan subject to Title IV or Section 302 of ERISA or Section 412 of the Code or (ii) any Multiemployer Plan.
(f) All contributions (including all employer contributions and employee salary reduction contributions) required to have been made under any of the Amneal Plans (including workers compensation) or by Law (without regard to any waivers granted under Section 412 of the Code), to any funds or trusts established thereunder or in connection therewith have been made by the due date thereof (including any valid extension), except where the failure to do so has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect.
(g) There are no pending actions, claims or lawsuits that have been asserted or instituted against the Amneal Plans, the assets of any of the trusts under the Amneal Plans or the sponsor or administrator of any of the Amneal Plans, or, to the Knowledge of Amneal, against any fiduciary of the Amneal Plans with respect to the operation of any of the Amneal Plans (other than routine benefit claims), nor does Amneal have any Knowledge of any threatened action, claim or lawsuit, other than such actions, claims or lawsuits that have not had or would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect.
 
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(h) None of the Amneal Plans provides for post-employment life or health insurance, benefits or coverage for any participant or any beneficiary of a participant, except as may be required under applicable Law, including COBRA, and which are provided at the sole expense of the participant or the participant’s beneficiary.
(i) Except as otherwise specifically contemplated by the terms of this Agreement, neither the execution and delivery of this Agreement nor the consummation of the Transactions (either by themselves or when combined with any other event), will (i) result in any payment becoming due to any Amneal Employee, (ii) increase any benefits otherwise payable under any Amneal Plan, (iii) result in the acceleration of the time of payment or vesting of any such benefits under any Amneal Plan, (iv) result in any obligation to fund any trust or other arrangement with respect to compensation or benefits under an Amneal Plan, (v) result in any “excess parachute payment” (within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code) becoming due to any current or former employee or other individual service provider of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries or (vi) result in any breach or violation of or default under or limit Holdco’s, Amneal’s or Impax’s right to amend, modify or terminate any Amneal Plan.
(j) Except as would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect, each Amneal Plan, and any award thereunder, that is or forms part of a “nonqualified deferred compensation plan” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code is in documentary compliance with, and Amneal and its Subsidiaries have, since January 1, 2014, complied in practice and operation with, all applicable requirements of Section 409A of the Code. Neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries has any obligation to gross-up, indemnify or otherwise reimburse any Amneal Employee for any Tax incurred by such Amneal Employee, including under Section 409A or 4999 of the Code, or any interest or penalty related thereto.
(k) Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in any material liability to Amneal, (i) each Amneal Plan which is maintained primarily for the benefit of employees working outside of the United States (each, a “ Non-U.S. Amneal Plan ”) has been established, administered, operated, funded, invested and maintained in compliance with the applicable Laws relating to such plans in the jurisdictions in which such Amneal Plan is present or operates and, to the extent relevant, the United States, (ii) all required contributions and premiums to be made under each Non-U.S. Amneal Plan have been made with respect thereto (whether pursuant to the terms of such Non-U.S. Amneal Plan or by applicable Law) and (iii) as of the date of this Agreement, there is no pending or, to the knowledge of Amneal, threatened litigation relating to any Non-U.S. Amneal Plan.
 Section 4.15 Taxes .
(a) Amneal and each of its Subsidiaries have timely filed with the appropriate taxing authorities, or has caused to be timely filed on their behalf (taking into account any valid extension of time within which to file), all income, franchise and other Tax Returns required to be filed by them, and all such filed Tax Returns are true, correct and complete in all material respects. All Taxes (regardless of having been shown as due on any Tax Return) have been timely paid in full, or an adequate reserve has been established therefor in the financial statements of Amneal and its Subsidiaries (in accordance with GAAP) for all periods covered by such financial statements.
(b) Neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to or bound by any Tax indemnity, Tax sharing or Tax allocation agreement, or any other Contract, obligation, understanding or agreement to pay the Taxes of another person or to pay the Taxes with respect to transactions relating to any other person (other than Amneal and its Subsidiaries) other than commercial agreements entered into in the ordinary course of business no principal purpose of which is related to Taxes.
(c) None of the Subsidiaries of Amneal has constituted either a “distributing corporation” or a “controlled corporation” (within the meaning of Section 355(a)(1)(A) of the Code) in a distribution of stock intended to qualify under Section 355 of the Code for any years open under the relevant statute of limitations.
 
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(d) None of the Subsidiaries of Amneal (i) has been a member of an affiliated group filing a consolidated federal income Tax Return (other than a group the common parent of which was a wholly owned Subsidiary of Amneal) or (ii) has any liability for the Taxes of any person (other than Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries) under Treasury Regulation Section 1.1502-6 (or any similar provision of state, local or foreign Law), as a transferee or successor, by Contract or otherwise.
(e) To the Knowledge of Amneal, no audits, investigations or other administrative or court proceedings, that could have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect, are pending with any taxing authority or court with respect to any material Taxes of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries, and no written notice thereof has been received by Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries. Neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries has any outstanding agreements, waivers or arrangements extending the statutory period of limitations applicable to any claim for, or the period for the collection or assessment of, any federal, state, local or foreign income, franchise or other material Taxes.
(f) No written claim that could give rise to material Taxes has been made within the previous three (3) years by a taxing authority in a jurisdiction where Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries does not file Tax Returns that Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries is or may be subject to taxation in that jurisdiction.
(g) No Liens for Taxes exist with respect to any properties or other assets of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries, except for statutory Liens for current Taxes not yet delinquent.
(h) All material Taxes required to be withheld by Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries (including withholding of Taxes pursuant to Sections 1441, 1442, 1445, 1446 and 3402 of the Code or similar provision under any foreign Laws) have been withheld, have been or will be duly and timely paid to the proper taxing authority, and have been or will be reported pursuant to applicable Tax information reporting Laws.
(i) Neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries will be required to include any item of income in, or exclude any item of deduction from, taxable income for any taxable period (or portion thereof) ending after the Closing Date as a result of any: (i) change in method of accounting for a taxable period ending on or prior to the Closing Date; (ii) “closing agreement” as described in Section 7121 of the Code (or any similar provision of state, local or foreign Law) executed on or prior to the Closing Date; (iii) installment sale or open transaction disposition made on or prior to the Closing Date; (iv) prepaid amount received on or prior to the Closing Date; or (v) cancellation of indebtedness income deferred pursuant to Section 108(i) of the Code.
(j) There is no power of attorney given by or binding upon Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries with respect to Taxes for any period for which the applicable statute of limitations (including any waivers and extensions) has not expired as of the date of this Agreement.
(k) Neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries has been a party to any “listed transaction” as defined in Treasury Regulation Section 1.6011-4(b)(2).
(l) Neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries is aware of any fact, or has taken or agreed to take any action that would reasonably be expected to prevent or impede (i) the Impax Merger and the LLC Conversion, taken together, from qualifying as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code and (ii) the Contribution from qualifying as an exchange to which Section 721(a) of the Code applies.
 Section 4.16 Intellectual Property .
(a) Amneal, or one of its Subsidiaries, owns or possesses all licenses or other legal rights to use, sell or license all material Intellectual Property held for use or used in the business of Amneal or its Subsidiaries as presently conducted (“ Amneal Intellectual Property ”) except for any failures to own or possess as have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse
 
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Effect and except with respect to any Intellectual Property which is the subject of a Paragraph IV Proceeding; provided , that the representation and warranty in this Section 4.16(a) shall not be construed to be a representation or warranty with respect to non-infringement.
(b) Section 4.16(b) of the Amneal Disclosure Letter identifies as of the date hereof: (i) each item of Amneal Intellectual Property that is registered, filed, or issued under the authority of any Governmental Authority and in which Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries has or purports to have an exclusive license or an ownership interest of any nature (whether exclusively, jointly with another person or otherwise) (“ Registered Amneal Intellectual Property ”); (ii) the jurisdiction in which such item of Registered Amneal Intellectual Property has been registered or filed and the applicable registration or application serial number; and (iii) any other person that, to the Knowledge of Amneal, has an ownership interest in such item of Registered Amneal Intellectual Property and the nature of such ownership interest.
(c) As of the date of this Agreement, the title in each item of Registered Amneal Intellectual Property in which Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries has an ownership interest is properly recorded in the name of Amneal and/or its Subsidiaries. Each named inventor on each item of Registered Amneal Intellectual Property constituting a patent or a patent application has duly executed a valid assignment of all applicable right, title and interest in and to such patent or patent application to Amneal or one of its Subsidiaries (in each case where such assignment is required by applicable law to perfect Amneal or its Subsidiaries rights in such patent or patent application). All such assignments have been duly recorded with the United States Patent and Trademark Office and all relevant foreign patent offices.
(d) Within the past three (3) years of the date hereof, neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any written notice of any claim against any of them challenging the ownership, validity or enforceability of any of the Registered Amneal Intellectual Property, other than any notice from the applicable examiner of any pending application therefor, received in the ordinary course of prosecution.
(e) With respect to each item of Registered Amneal Intellectual Property owned by Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries: (i) to Amneal’s Knowledge, all such Registered Amneal Intellectual Property is valid and enforceable; (ii) all such Registered Amneal Intellectual Property is subsisting (or, in the case of applications, applied for), which shall include being currently in compliance with applicable Laws as to the payment of all necessary registration, maintenance, annuities, renewal, filing, examination, and other related fees and proofs of working or use, and, in the case of trademarks, the post-registration filing of affidavits of use and incontestability and renewal applications; and (iii) all necessary documents, recordations and certificates in connection with such Registered Amneal Intellectual Property previously or currently required to be filed have been filed with the relevant patent, copyright, trademark or other authorities in all jurisdictions where such fees are previously or currently due, for the purposes of prosecuting and maintaining and perfecting such Registered Amneal Intellectual Property except, in each case, to the extent that failure to do so can be cured or otherwise would not result in permanent abandonment (i.e., without the possibility of revival or reinstatement).
(f) Certain Intellectual Property Proceedings .
(i) To the Knowledge of Amneal, no claims or threat of claims within the three (3) years prior to the date of this Agreement, have been asserted in writing by any third party against Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries (A) related to the use in the conduct of the businesses of Amneal and its Subsidiaries of the Amneal Intellectual Property or (B) alleging that the conduct of the business of Amneal and its Subsidiaries infringes, misappropriates or otherwise violates any Intellectual Property rights of any third party but excluding any infringement of any Intellectual Property alleged pursuant to a Paragraph IV Proceeding or otherwise in connection with filing a Paragraph IV Certification Notice.
(ii) To the Knowledge of Amneal, the conduct of the businesses of Amneal and its Subsidiaries does not infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate any Intellectual Property rights of any third party but excluding any (A) infringement of any Intellectual Property under 35 U.S.C. § 271(e)(2) caused by or in
 
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connection with the filing of any abbreviated new drug application for a product filed with the FDA pursuant to §505(j) of the FFDCA or by the filing of any new drug application for a product filed with the FDA pursuant to §505(b)(2) of the FFDCA and (B) any infringement of any Intellectual Property alleged pursuant to a Paragraph IV Proceeding or otherwise in connection with filing a Paragraph IV Certification Notice. The representations set forth in this Section 4.16(f)(ii) are the only representations given by Amneal and its Subsidiaries with respect to non-infringement of Intellectual Property.
(iii) Section 4.16(f)(iii) of the Amneal Disclosure Letter identifies as of the date hereof all (A) pending Paragraph IV Proceedings to which Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries is a party, (B) Paragraph IV Certification Notices dated within the three (3) year period ending on the date hereof made by or on behalf of the Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries and (C) pending petitions for Inter Partes Review under 35 U.S.C. § 311, et, seq., in which Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries is identified as a real party in interest.
(iv) To the Knowledge of Amneal, no third party is infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating any Amneal Intellectual Property.
(v) No unresolved claims or threat of claims within the three (3) years prior to the date of this Agreement, have been asserted in writing by Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries against any third party with respect to the infringement or the alleged infringement of any Amneal Intellectual Property.
(g) Neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries is bound by, and none of the material Intellectual Property purported to be owned or to its Knowledge which is exclusively licensed by Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries, is subject to, any Contract containing any covenant or other provision that materially limits or restricts the ability of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries to use, exploit, assert, enforce, transfer or license any rights in any such Intellectual Property anywhere in the world (excluding in the case of any Intellectual Property exclusively licensed to Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries, such license).
(h) Upon the termination of any Contract wherein Amneal and/or any of its Subsidiaries has agreed to manufacture or supply a product or active pharmaceutical ingredient for a third party, Amneal and/or its Subsidiaries shall retain and continue to have the right to use all Intellectual Property, data, bioavailability studies, drug master files, dossiers and regulatory approvals granted by any Healthcare Regulatory Authority which are required or necessary to manufacture said product or active pharmaceutical ingredient either for itself or another person without restriction or obligation to the third party of such terminated Contract.
(i) The consummation of the Transactions will not result in the loss or impairment of Amneal’s or its Subsidiaries’ rights to own or use any of the Amneal Intellectual Property or obligate them to pay any royalties or other amounts to any third party in excess of the amounts payable by them prior to the Closing, nor will such consummation require the consent of any third party in respect of any Amneal Intellectual Property, except as have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, material direct or indirect costs or liabilities to, or other material direct or indirect negative impact on, Amneal and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole.
(j) Neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries has entered into any Contract which, upon the consummation of the Transactions will, to the Knowledge of Amneal, result in the loss or impairment of Holdco’s or any of its Subsidiaries’ ability (A) to engage in any line of business or conduct business in any geographic area, (B) to distribute or offer any products or services or (C) to compete with any other person in any line of business or in any geographic area or levying a fine, charge or other payment for doing any of the foregoing, in each case of (A)-(C), with respect to any products or services currently marketed by Impax or any of its Subsidiaries as of the date of this Agreement.
(k) Amneal and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable measures to protect the confidentiality of their Trade Secrets.
(l) During the three (3) years prior to the date of this Agreement, (i) to the Knowledge of Amneal, there have been no material security breaches in Amneal’s or its Subsidiaries’ information technology systems wherein
 
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any third party has gained unauthorized access to any of Amneal’s or of any of its Subsidiaries’ confidential and/or proprietary information and (ii) there have been no disruptions in any of Amneal’s or its Subsidiaries’ information technology systems that materially adversely affected Amneal’s or its Subsidiaries’ business or operations. Amneal and its Subsidiaries have evaluated their security, disaster recovery and backup needs and have implemented plans and systems designed to reasonably address their assessment of risk.
(m) Amneal and each of its Subsidiaries is and has been during the past three (3) years in compliance with its applicable privacy policies and obligations to third parties relating to any processing of personal information except for any failure in compliance has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect. To Amneal’s Knowledge, there has not been any audit, investigation or other Litigation Proceeding initiated by any Governmental Authority, regarding the processing of personal information by Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries.
 Section 4.17 Real Property .
(a) Section 4.17(a)(i) of the Amneal Disclosure Letter contains a complete and accurate list by property, city, state and country of all interests in real property currently owned in fee by Amneal and any of its Subsidiaries (the “ Amneal Owned Real Property ”). Section 4.17(a)(ii) of the Amneal Disclosure Letter contains (i) a complete and accurate list, by property, city, state and country, of all real property currently leased (as lessee), licensed (as licensee) or subleased (as sublessee) by Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries (the “ Amneal Leased Real Property ”; and, together with the Amneal Owned Real Property, collectively, the “ Amneal Real Property ”) and (ii) a description of each Amneal Lease and all amendments, modifications and supplements thereto.
(b) The Amneal Owned Real Property, together with the Amneal Leased Real Property, is sufficient in all material respects for the operation of the business currently conducted by Amneal and its Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business, and Amneal and each of its Subsidiaries, as applicable, enjoys peaceful and undisturbed possession of the Amneal Owned Real Property and the Amneal Leased Real Property sufficient for current business and operational use requirements.
(c) Amneal and/or its Subsidiaries, as applicable, has good and valid fee simple title to all Amneal Owned Real Property, free and clear of any Liens other than Permitted Liens. Amneal has made available to Amneal accurate and complete copies of all title insurance policies, title reports and surveys for the Amneal Real Property in possession or control of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries. To the Knowledge of Amneal, all buildings, plants, structures and other improvements that form a part of the Amneal Real Property lie wholly within the boundaries of the land owned or leased by Amneal or its Subsidiaries, as applicable, and do not materially encroach upon the property of, or otherwise materially conflict with the property rights of, any other person.
(d) None of the Amneal Owned Real Property is subject to any lease, license, or sublease or any material use or occupancy agreement entered into outside of the ordinary course of business pursuant to which Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries has granted any third party or third parties the right to use or occupancy of such Amneal Owned Real Property (other than Permitted Liens or to Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries).
(e) To Amneal’s Knowledge, (i) all improvements on the Amneal Real Property are structurally sound and in working order sufficient for their normal operation in the manner currently being operated, normal wear and tear excepted and (ii) the utilities servicing the Amneal Real Property are adequate for the operation of each facility as it is currently being operated.
(f) The Amneal Owned Real Property, and the current use and occupancy thereof, is in material compliance with (i) all applicable building, zoning, subdivision, health and safety and other Laws pertaining to the ownership, construction, use or occupancy of real property, including the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended, (ii) all easements, covenants, conditions, restrictions or similar provision in any instrument of
 
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record or other unrecorded agreement affecting such property and (iii) any requirements of any Governmental Authority in connection with (A) such Governmental Authority’s consents and/or (B) any entitlements or benefits extended by such Governmental Authority, in both cases, in relation to the use and development of the real property and operation of the facilities thereon. To Amneal’s Knowledge, each lease that requires registration with any Governmental Authority has been duly registered.
(g) To Amneal’s Knowledge, no eminent domain, condemnation or other similar proceeding is pending or threatened affecting any of the Amneal Owned Real Property, Amneal Leased Real Property or any part thereof.
(h) There are no outstanding options, rights of first offer or rights of first refusal to purchase any Amneal Owned Real Property or any portion thereof or interest therein.
(i) Each contract, agreement or arrangement (including any option to purchase contained therein) pursuant to which Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries leases, licenses or subleases any Amneal Leased Real Property (each, an “ Amneal Lease ” and, collectively, the “ Amneal Leases ”) is a written agreement in full force and effect, and is valid, binding and enforceable, subject to proper authorization and execution of each Amneal Lease by the other parties thereto and except to the extent that enforcement may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium or similar Laws affecting creditors’ right generally and by general equity principles. Amneal has made available to Amneal (in each case, together with all material amendments, assignments, modifications, supplements, waiver or other changes thereto) true and complete copies of all Amneal Leases and, in the case of any oral Amneal Lease, a written summary of the material terms of such Amneal Lease, to which Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries is a party. None of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries subleases (as sublessor), licenses (as licensor) or grants the use or occupancy of, to any other person (other than business invitees in the ordinary course of business), any portion of the Amneal Leased Real Property. Except for Permitted Liens, none of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries has collaterally assigned, transferred, conveyed, mortgaged, deeded in trust or encumbered any interest in any Amneal Lease.
(j) There exists no default or event of default on the part of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries under any Amneal Leases or, to Amneal’s Knowledge, any other party thereto, in each case that has not been cured and to Amneal’s Knowledge, no condition exists that with notice or lapse of time would constitute a default by Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries or, any other party thereunder, in each case that has not been cured or that has not had or would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect. None of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries has received written notice of any default or event of default under any Amneal Lease, other than any default or event of default that has been cured or that has not had or would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect.
(k) The current use and operation of the Amneal Leased Real Property in the ordinary course of business of Amneal and its Subsidiaries does not violate any Law in any material respect.
(l) None of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any contract, agreement or arrangement relating to the future acquisition or development of any Amneal Real Property by any third party or the acquisition of any other real property by Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries.
 Section 4.18 Environmental Matters . Except as has not had or would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect (a) no written notice, notification, demand, request for information, citation, summons, complaint or order has been received by, and no action, claim, suit, proceeding or review or investigation is pending or, to the Knowledge of Amneal, threatened by any person against, Amneal, any of its Subsidiaries or, to the Knowledge of Amneal, any person whose liability Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries has or may have retained or assumed either contractually or by operation of Law with respect to any matters relating to or arising out of any Environmental Law, (b) Amneal and its Subsidiaries have at all times been and are presently in compliance with all Environmental Laws, including possessing all permits, authorizations, licenses, exemptions and other governmental authorizations required under applicable
 
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Environmental Laws for its operations as conducted at such time, (c) Amneal and its Subsidiaries do not have any Environmental Liabilities and, to the Knowledge of Amneal, there are no facts, circumstances or conditions relating to, arising from, associated with or attributable to either (i) any real property currently or formerly owned, operated or leased by Amneal or its Subsidiaries or operations thereon, (ii) Amneal or its Subsidiaries current or former conduct of its business or operations, including any Releases of Hazardous Materials or arrangement for disposal or Release at any location, or (iii) any person whose liability Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries has or may have retained or assumed either contractually or by operation of Law that would, in any such case, reasonably be expected to result in Environmental Liabilities and (d) with respect to any real property currently owned or leased by Amneal or its Subsidiaries, or, to the Knowledge of Amneal, formerly owned or leased by Amneal or its Subsidiaries, there have been no Releases by Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries, or to the Knowledge of Amneal, by any other person, of Hazardous Materials that have resulted or are reasonably likely to result in a claim against Amneal or its Subsidiaries.
 Section 4.19 Labor Matters . No labor strike, work slowdown, work stoppage, lockout or other concerted labor action or dispute involving the employees of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries is pending, or to the Knowledge of Amneal, threatened against or affecting Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries and, since January 1, 2014, there has not been any such action. Neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries is party to or bound by any collective bargaining or similar agreement with any labor organization or any work rules or practices agreed to with any labor organization applicable to employees of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries (each such agreement, an “ Amneal Labor Agreement ”), and no collective bargaining or similar agreement is currently being negotiated by Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the consummation of the Transactions, either alone or in combination with another event, will not entitle any third party (including any labor organization or Governmental Authority) to any payments under any of the Amneal Labor Agreements, and each of Amneal and its Subsidiaries are in compliance in all material respect with their obligations pursuant to all notification and bargaining obligations arising under any Amneal Labor Agreements. Except as has not had or would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect, each of Amneal and its Subsidiaries is, and has been since January 1, 2014, in compliance with all applicable Laws respecting labor, employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment, health and safety and wages and hours. Neither Amneal, nor any of its Subsidiaries, has incurred any liability or obligation under the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder (the “WARN Act”) or any similar state or local Law that remains unsatisfied.
 Section 4.20 Insurance . Section 4.20(a) of the Amneal Disclosure Letter sets forth each insurance policy (including policies providing casualty, liability, medical and workers compensation coverage) to which Amneal or any Subsidiary is currently a party (the “ Amneal Policies ”). All Amneal Policies are in full force and effect, and all premiums that are due and payable with respect thereto covering all periods up to and including the Closing Date have been paid, except as have not had or would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect. Since January 1, 2012, no notice of cancellation or termination has been received with respect to any Amneal Policies, except for such cancellations or terminations which have not had or would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect. Since January 1, 2012, each of Amneal and its Subsidiaries has been continuously insured with recognized insurers or has self-insured, in each case in such amounts and with respect to such risks and losses as are required by Law and any Contract to which it is a party and as are customary for companies in the United States conducting the businesses conducted by Amneal and its Subsidiaries, except where such failure has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect. Section 4.20(b) of the Amneal Disclosure Letter sets forth the premium paid by Amneal and its Subsidiaries for directors and officers liability insurance for its last full policy year.
 Section 4.21 Prohibited Persons .
(a) Neither Amneal nor any of its Affiliates nor, to the Knowledge of Amneal, any of its brokers or agents acting or benefiting in any capacity in connection with the Transactions or Ancillary Transactions is a Prohibited Person.
 
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(b) Neither Amneal nor any of its Affiliates nor, to the Knowledge of Amneal, any of its brokers or agents acting or benefiting in any capacity in connection with the Transactions or Ancillary Transactions (i) has conducted or will conduct any business or has engaged or will engage in any transaction or dealing with any Prohibited Person, including making or receiving any contribution of funds, goods or services to or for the benefit of a Prohibited Person; (ii) has dealt or will deal in, or has otherwise engaged or will engage in any transaction relating to, any property or interests in property blocked pursuant to the Executive Order; or (iii) has engaged or will engage in or has conspired or will conspire to engage in any transaction that evades or avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding, or attempts to violate, any of the requirements or prohibitions set forth in the Executive Order or the USA PATRIOT Act.
(c) Neither Amneal nor any of its Affiliates nor, to the Knowledge of Amneal, any of its brokers or agents has in the three (3) years prior to the date of this Agreement, in connection with the business of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries, taken any action in violation of the FCPA or any other Anti-Corruption Laws.
(d) Neither Amneal nor any of its Affiliates nor, to the Knowledge of Amneal, any of its brokers or agents is, or in the three (3) years prior to the date of this Agreement has been, subject to any actual, pending, or threatened civil, criminal, or administrative actions, suits, demands, claims, hearings, notices of violation, investigations, proceedings, demand letters, settlements or enforcement actions, or made any voluntary disclosures to any Governmental Authority, involving Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries in any way relating to any applicable Anti-Corruption Laws, including the FCPA.
 Section 4.22 Transactions with Related Parties . Except with respect to the Amneal Plans, since January 1, 2014, there has been no transaction, or series of similar transactions, agreements, arrangements or understandings, nor are there any currently proposed transactions, or series of similar transactions, agreements, arrangements or understandings to which Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries was or is to be a party, that would be required to be disclosed under Item 404 of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Securities Act were Amneal to be subject to the same public reporting requirements that Impax is subject to.
 Section 4.23 Brokers and Other Advisors . No broker, investment banker, financial advisor or other person, other than J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, the fees and expenses of which will be paid by Amneal in accordance with Amneal’s agreements with such firms (true and complete copies of which have heretofore been made available to Impax), is entitled to any broker’s, finder’s, financial advisor’s or other similar fee or commission, or the reimbursement of expenses, in connection with the Transactions based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of Amneal or its Subsidiaries.
 Section 4.24 Requisite Amneal Written Consent . Amneal has received the irrevocable written consent of APHC (A) approving this Agreement and the Transactions, (B) approving the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by Amneal and the consummation of the Transactions (including the amendment of the Amneal LLC Operating Agreement to be restated in the form of Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement), and (C) waiving any pre-emptive or other similar rights that it has under the Amneal LLC Operating Agreement or any other agreement in connection with the Transactions.
 Section 4.25 Financing .
(a) Amneal has delivered to Impax a true, correct and complete copy of (i) an executed commitment letter (including all exhibits and schedules thereto, the “ Debt Commitment Letter ”) pursuant to which the Debt Financing Sources party thereto have agreed (on the terms and subject to the conditions thereof), to lend the amounts set forth therein (the “ Debt Financing Commitments ”) and (ii) the fee letter(s) referenced in the Debt Commitment Letter (the “ Fee Letter ”). As of the date of this Agreement, there are no agreements, side letters or arrangements (other than the Debt Commitment Letter and the Fee Letter) to which Amneal is a party relating to any of the Debt Financing Commitments.
 
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(b) Except as expressly set forth in the Debt Commitment Letter and the Fee Letter, as of the date of this Agreement, assuming the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 7.01 and Section 7.02 , there are no conditions precedent to the funding of the full amount of the Debt Financing. Assuming the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 7.01 and Section 7.02 and the funding of the Debt Financing in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Debt Commitment Letter, the aggregate proceeds contemplated by the Debt Commitment Letter, together with other financial resources of Amneal will be sufficient for (i) the repayment in full of all amounts outstanding under the Existing Credit Facilities of Impax and its Subsidiaries pursuant to their terms, (ii) to the extent necessary, for the repurchase of the Impax Convertible Notes at par plus accrued but unpaid interest thereon and (iii) the satisfaction of Amneal’s obligations to pay any fees and expenses of or payable by Amneal in connection with this Agreement, the Transactions and the Ancillary Transactions (the “ Required Amount ”). As of the date of this Agreement, the Debt Commitment Letter and the Fee Letter are in full force and effect, and constitute the valid and binding obligation of Amneal and, to the Knowledge of Amneal, each of the other parties thereto (subject in each case to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and other laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and general principles of equity whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law). As of the date of this Agreement, Amneal is not in breach of any of the terms or conditions set forth in the Debt Commitment Letter or the Fee Letter. As of the date of this Agreement, assuming the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Section 7.01 and Section 7.02 and the accuracy of the representations and warranties of Impax set forth in this Agreement in all material respects, (i) no event has occurred that, with or without notice, lapse of time or both, would reasonably be expected to constitute a default or breach on the part of Amneal under the terms of the Debt Commitment Letter or (ii) would reasonably be expected to result in any of the conditions within its control in the Debt Commitment Letter not being satisfied in a timely manner. Amneal has paid in full any and all commitment fees or other fees required to be paid pursuant to the terms of the Debt Commitment Letter or Fee Letter on or before the date of this Agreement. The Debt Commitment Letter has not been modified or amended as of the date of this Agreement, and as of the date of this Agreement none of the respective commitments under the Debt Commitment Letter have been reduced, withdrawn or rescinded by Amneal or, to Amneal’s Knowledge, the Debt Financing Sources party thereto. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this Section 4.25(b) , to the extent that the representations and warranties contained in this Section 4.25(b) , are not true or correct in any respect, but all other conditions set forth in Section 7.01 and Section 7.02(a) are then satisfied and Amneal is otherwise is ready, willing and able to consummate the Transactions, then the representations and warranties set forth in this Section 4.25(b) shall be deemed to be true and correct in all respects in order to deem the condition set forth in Section 7.02(a) satisfied, so long as the Closing occurs.
(c) The obligations of Amneal under this Agreement are not subject to any conditions regarding Amneal’s, its Affiliates’ or any other person’s ability to obtain financing for the consummation of the Transactions contemplated hereby.
 Section 4.26 Exclusivity of Representations; No Limitation of Other Representations . The representations and warranties made by Amneal in this Article IV are the exclusive representations and warranties made by Amneal and its Subsidiaries. Amneal hereby acknowledges that neither Amneal nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor any of their respective equityholders or Representatives, nor any other person, has made or is making any other express or implied representation or warranty with respect to Amneal and its Subsidiaries or any of their respective businesses, operations, assets or liabilities, including with respect to any information provided or made available to Impax or any of its Subsidiaries or Representatives, including in certain “data rooms,” management presentations or other information provided or made available to Impax or its Subsidiaries or Representatives in anticipation or contemplation of any of the Transactions contemplated hereby. Furthermore, in connection with the due diligence investigation of Amneal, its Subsidiaries and their business and operations by and on behalf of Impax and its Subsidiaries and Representatives, such persons have received and may continue to receive certain estimates, projections, forecasts and other forward-looking information, as well as certain business plan information, regarding Amneal, its Subsidiaries and their business and operations. Impax hereby acknowledges that there are uncertainties inherent in attempting to make such estimates, projections, forecasts and other forward-looking statements, as well as in such business plans, that Impax is taking full responsibility for making
 
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its own evaluation of the adequacy and accuracy of all estimates, projections, forecasts and other forward-looking information, as well as such business plans, so furnished to it (including the reasonableness of the assumptions underlying such estimates, projections, forecasts, forward-looking information or business plans), and that no representation or warranty is being made with respect thereto. Nothing in any representation or warranty in this Agreement shall in any way limit or restrict the scope, applicability or meaning of any other representation or warranty made by Amneal in this Agreement.
 ARTICLE V
COVENANTS RELATING TO CONDUCT OF BUSINESS
 Section 5.01 Conduct of Business .
(a) Conduct of Business by Impax . During the period from the date of this Agreement until the earlier of the Closing and the date, if any, on which this Agreement is terminated, Impax shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to, carry on its business in the ordinary course of business and use its commercially reasonable efforts to preserve intact its current business organizations, keep available the services of its current officers, employees and consultants and preserve its relationships with customers, suppliers, licensors, licensees, distributors and others having business dealings with it with the intention that its goodwill and ongoing business shall not be materially impaired at the Closing. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, during the period from the date of this Agreement until the earlier of the Closing and the date, if any, on which this Agreement is terminated, except as provided on Section 5.01(a) of the Impax Disclosure Letter and except as expressly contemplated by this Agreement (including the Impax Pre-Closing Actions) or required by applicable Law or the requirements of any applicable securities exchanges, Impax shall not, and shall not permit any of its Subsidiaries to, without Amneal’s prior written consent (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed):
(i) except for any dispositions of shares of capital stock in connection with any net-cash exercise of any Impax Option or to satisfy withholding Tax obligations in respect of any Impax Option or Impax Restricted Share, and any forfeitures or repurchases of unvested Impax Restricted Shares or other shares of capital stock as may have been issued pursuant to or granted as awards under the Impax Stock Plans: (A) declare, set aside or pay any dividends on, or make any other distributions (whether in cash, stock or property) in respect of, any of its capital stock, other than dividends or distributions by a direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of Impax to its parent; (B) split, combine or reclassify any of its capital stock or issue or authorize the issuance of any other securities in respect of, in lieu of or in substitution for shares of its capital stock; or (C) purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any shares of its capital stock or any other securities thereof or any rights, warrants or options to acquire any such shares or other securities;
(ii) except as otherwise permitted under Section 5.01(a)(xi) , issue, deliver, sell, grant, pledge or otherwise encumber or subject to any Lien any shares of its capital stock, any other voting securities or any securities convertible into, or any rights, warrants or options to acquire, any such shares, voting securities or convertible securities, or any “phantom” stock, “phantom” stock rights, stock appreciation rights or stock-based performance units (other than the issuance of shares of Impax Common Stock upon the exercise of Impax Options outstanding on the date of this Agreement or granted in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, in each case in accordance with their terms on the date of this Agreement);
(iii) other than as contemplated by this Agreement in furtherance of the Transactions, amend the Impax Charter (including by merger, consolidation or otherwise) or the Impax Bylaws or the comparable charter or organizational documents of any of its Subsidiaries or adopt a shareholders’ rights plan or similar plan, or enter into any agreement with respect to the voting of its capital stock;
(iv) except for (A) inventory and supplies purchased in the ordinary course of business and (B) capital expenditures that are permitted to be made pursuant to clause (vi) below: (1) directly or indirectly acquire by merging or consolidating with, or by purchasing all of or a substantial equity interest in, or by any other
 
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manner, any division, business or equity interest of any person or (2) directly or indirectly acquire material assets (as distinguished from services) in an individual transaction, in the case of either (1) or (2), for an aggregate purchase price in excess of $25,000,000 (not including contingent or milestone consideration payable upon the occurrence of future events);
(v) except in the ordinary course of business, sell, lease, license, mortgage, sell and leaseback, abandon or otherwise encumber or subject to any Lien (other than Permitted Liens) or otherwise dispose of any material assets to a third party for a purchase price in an individual transaction in excess of $10,000,000 per calendar year;
(vi) except for any capital expenditures as may be incurred (A) with the proceeds (or in reasonable expectation of the proceeds) of any applicable insurance policy of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries or (B) in connection with the making of repairs, replacements of assets or for other similar purposes necessary to allow for the continued operation of the business of Impax and/or any of its Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business: fund any capital expenditure in any calendar year which, when added to all other capital expenditures made by Impax and its Subsidiaries in such calendar year, would exceed by more than $8,000,000 the aggregate amount budgeted for capital expenditures in such calendar year (as set forth on Section 5.01(a)(vi) of the Impax Disclosure Letter);
(vii) except for (A) any loans, advances, capital contributions or investments that are required to be made by Impax or any of its Subsidiaries pursuant to the terms of any Contract to which Impax or any of its Subsidiaries is a party as of the date of this Agreement, (B) borrowings under Impax’s existing revolving credit facilities set forth on Section 5.01(a)(vii)(B) of the Impax Disclosure Letter in the ordinary course of business or to the extent required by any Contract to which Impax or any of its Subsidiaries is a party as of the date of this Agreement, (C) borrowings in connection with acquisitions permitted pursuant to clause (iv) above, and (D) any arrangements solely among Impax and/or its Subsidiaries: (1) repurchase, prepay or refinance any Indebtedness in an amount greater than $3,500,000 in the aggregate per calendar year, except as required by the terms of such Indebtedness; (2) incur any Indebtedness or issue or sell any debt securities or options, warrants, calls or other rights to acquire any debt securities of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries, guarantee any debt securities of another person, enter into any “keep well” or other agreement to maintain any financial statement condition of another person or enter into any arrangement having the economic effect of any of the foregoing, in each case in an amount greater than $3,500,000 per calendar year; (3) make any loans, advances or capital contributions to, or investments in, any other person; or (4) enter into, amend or otherwise modify, renew or terminate any Contract in respect of any of the foregoing;
(viii) commence or re-commence the manufacture, marketing, promotion, sale, offer for sale or other commercialization, shipment, import, export or distribution (“ Commercialization ”) of any product that is the subject of any Litigation Proceeding involving an allegation that such product or the making, use, sale or offer for sale of such product infringes any third-party patent, until the earlier of (A) the dismissal of such Litigation Proceeding in connection with the settlement thereof, provided that such Commercialization of such product is permitted by the terms of such settlement, and provided that such settlement has been entered into in compliance with this Section 5.01(a) , or (B) the entering of a favorable, final court judgment from which no appeal has been or can be taken (other than a petition to the Supreme Court for a writ of certiorari) of the invalidity, unenforceability, or non-infringement of all asserted claims of such patent or of the failure to timely bring suit with respect to all such allegations of infringement (in each case, excluding patents relating to such product with respect to which a third party plaintiff failed to bring suit in such Litigation Proceeding);
(ix) settle or compromise any Litigation Proceeding, audit, or investigation against Impax or any of its Subsidiaries, other than settlements or compromises of any Litigation Proceeding, audit, or investigation (1) in the ordinary course of business (which, for the avoidance of doubt, includes any such settlements relating to patent litigation) or (2) where the amount paid in settlement or compromise does not exceed $250,000 individually (for any employment-related matters) or $2,000,000 individually (for any matters unrelated to employment) and does not require the imposition of equitable relief on, or the admission of wrongdoing by, Impax;
 
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(x) except in the ordinary course of business, enter into, terminate or affirmatively determine not to renew, or modify, waive or release any material provision, rights or claims under any Impax Material Contract or Impax Lease;
(xi) other than for purchases of goods or services which are entered into in the ordinary course of business on arms-length terms, enter into, modify, amend or terminate (including by exercising any buyout, termination or similar right under) any Contract with any Affiliate of Impax (other than any of its wholly owned Subsidiaries);
(xii) (A) make, grant or promise any bonus (including long-term cash incentive awards) or any wage, salary, or other compensation or benefits increase to any employee, officer or director or individual consultant, or make, grant or promise any other change in employment terms for any employee, officer or director (including increases to compensation and benefits in connection with promotions permitted under the terms of this Agreement), other than such grants or promises made in the ordinary course of business, which, in the aggregate, result in an increase of no greater than four percent (4%) of the aggregate compensation costs of Impax and its Subsidiaries as compared to 2017 budgeted compensation costs for such period (including, for the avoidance of doubt, bonus amounts in respect of Impax’s 2017 fiscal year irrespective of the year in which such bonuses are paid); (B) except in the ordinary course of business for employees or individual consultants whose base salary or, in the case of individual consultants, base compensation, is or will be after the following actions are taken, less than $200,000, enter into or amend any employment, change of control, retention, severance or similar agreement, or grant any severance or termination pay, modifications thereto or increases thereof; (C) except as may be required to implement the actions contemplated by this Agreement, accelerate the vesting or payment of any compensation or benefit under any Impax Plan; (D) hire or promote any individual consultant or employee except for hiring or promotion of any individual consultant or employee (i) in the ordinary course of business, (ii) whose annual base salary (or compensation, in case of consultant) is less than $200,000 or, if applicable, would be less than such amount upon their hiring or promotion, (iii) to fill any open position that is unfilled as of the date hereof or becomes unfilled following the date hereof as a result of an employee’s termination of employment or resignation or (iv) whose hiring or promotion was approved in writing by Amneal, which approval will not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed; (E) increase the funding obligation or contribution rate of any Impax Plan, other than in the ordinary course of business; (F) award or promise to award any equity or equity-based awards; or (G) establish, amend or terminate any Impax Plan, or materially change the level of health, dental and visions benefits as compared to health, dental and vision benefits provided on the date of this Agreement, except to the extent such changes (1) do not materially increase the total annualized cost of Impax Plans and (2) do not materially interfere with integration of the Impax Plans and Amneal Plans to occur after the Closing, in each case of (A) through (G), other than as required by applicable Law or pursuant to any Impax Plan as in effect on the date of this Agreement;
(xiii) modify in any material respect, adopt or enter into any collective bargaining agreement or other labor union contract applicable to the employees of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries;
(xiv) fail to use reasonable efforts to maintain existing material insurance policies or comparable replacement policies to the extent available for a reasonable cost;
(xv) change its fiscal year, revalue any of its material assets or make any material changes in financial, actuarial, reserving, statutory or Tax accounting methods, principles or practices, except in each case as required by GAAP or applicable Law;
(xvi) make, change or rescind any material Tax election;
(xvii) settle or compromise any material audit, claim examination or other proceeding with respect to Taxes;
(xviii) enter into any Tax allocation agreement, Tax sharing agreement, Tax indemnity agreement or closing agreement relating to any material Tax, other than such agreements entered into in the ordinary course of business no principal purpose of which is related to Taxes;
 
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(xix) surrender any right to claim a material Tax refund;
(xx) consent to any extension or waiver of the statute of limitations period applicable to any material Tax claim or assessment;
(xxi) terminate, suspend, abrogate, amend or modify in any material respect any Impax Permits in a manner that would materially impair the operation of the business of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries; or
(xxii) authorize any of, or commit, propose or agree to take any of, the foregoing actions.
(b) Conduct of Business by Amneal . During the period from the date of this Agreement until the earlier of the Closing and the date, if any, on which this Agreement is terminated, Amneal shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to, carry on its business in the ordinary course of business and use its commercially reasonable efforts to preserve intact its current business organizations, keep available the services of its current officers, employees and consultants and preserve its relationships with customers, suppliers, licensors, licensees, distributors and others having business dealings with it with the intention that its goodwill and ongoing business shall not be materially impaired at the Closing. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, during the period from the date of this Agreement until the earlier of the Closing and the date, if any, on which this Agreement is terminated, except as provided on Section 5.01(b) of the Amneal Disclosure Letter and except as expressly contemplated by this Agreement (including the Amneal Pre-Closing Actions) or required by applicable Law or the requirements of any applicable securities exchanges, Amneal shall not, and shall not permit any of its Subsidiaries to, without Impax’s prior written consent (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed):
(i) (A) declare, set aside or pay any dividends on, or make any other distributions (whether in cash, stock or property) in respect of, any Amneal Equity Award or any of its capital stock, other than dividends or distributions by a direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of Amneal to its parent; (B) split, combine or reclassify any of its capital stock or issue or authorize the issuance of any other securities in respect of, in lieu of or in substitution for shares of its capital stock (including its capital stock that is subject to any Amneal Equity Award); or (C) purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any Amneal Equity Awards or any shares of its capital stock or any other securities thereof or any rights, warrants or options to acquire any such shares or other securities;
(ii) issue, deliver, sell, grant, pledge or otherwise encumber or subject to any Lien any shares of its capital stock, any other voting securities or any securities convertible into, or any rights, warrants or options to acquire, any such shares, voting securities or convertible securities, or any “phantom” stock, “phantom” stock rights, stock appreciation rights or stock-based performance units (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any Amneal Equity Awards or interests or rights that would be Amneal Equity Awards if outstanding as of the date of this Agreement);
(iii) amend the Amneal LLC Operating Agreement or enter into any agreement with respect to the voting of its membership interests, in each case other than in connection with the Transactions and the Ancillary Transactions;
(iv) except for (A) inventory and supplies purchased in the ordinary course of business and (B) capital expenditures that are permitted to be made pursuant to clause (v) below: (1) directly or indirectly acquire by merging or consolidating with, or by purchasing all of or a substantial equity interest in, or by any other manner, any division, business or equity interest of any person or (2) directly or indirectly acquire material assets (as distinguished from services) in an individual transaction, in the case of either (1) or (2), for an aggregate purchase price in excess of $25,000,000 (not including contingent or milestone consideration payable upon the occurrence of future events);
(v) except in the ordinary course of business, sell, lease, license, mortgage, sell and leaseback, abandon or otherwise encumber or subject to any Lien (other than Permitted Liens) or otherwise dispose of any material assets to a third party for a purchase price in an individual transaction in excess of $25,000,000 per calendar year;
 
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(vi) except for any capital expenditures as may be incurred (A) with the proceeds (or in reasonable expectation of the proceeds) of any applicable insurance policy of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries or (B) in connection with the making of repairs, replacements of assets or for other similar purposes necessary to allow for the continued operation of the business of Amneal and/or any of its Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business: fund any capital expenditure in any calendar year which, when added to all other capital expenditures made by Amneal and its Subsidiaries in such calendar year, would exceed by more than $20,000,000 the aggregate amount budgeted for capital expenditures in such calendar year (as set forth on Section 5.01(b)(vi) of the Amneal Disclosure Letter);
(vii) except for (A) any loans, advances, capital contributions or investments that are required to be made by Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries pursuant to the terms of any Contract to which Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries is a party as of the date of this Agreement, (B) borrowings under Amneal’s existing revolving credit facilities set forth on Section 5.01(b)(vii)(B) of the Amneal Disclosure Letter in the ordinary course of business or to the extent required by any Contract to which Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries is a party as of the date of this Agreement, (C) borrowings in connection with acquisitions permitted pursuant to clause (iv) above and (D) any arrangements solely among Amneal and/or its Subsidiaries: (1) repurchase, prepay or refinance any Indebtedness in an amount greater than $5,000,000 in the aggregate per calendar year, except as required by the terms of such Indebtedness; (2) incur any Indebtedness or issue or sell any debt securities or options, warrants, calls or other rights to acquire any debt securities of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries, guarantee any debt securities of another person, enter into any “keep well” or other agreement to maintain any financial statement condition of another person or enter into any arrangement having the economic effect of any of the foregoing, in each case in an amount greater than $5,000,000 per calendar year; (3) make any loans, advances or capital contributions to, or investments in, any other person or (4) enter into, amend or otherwise modify, renew or terminate any Contract in respect of any of the foregoing;
(viii) commence or re-commence the Commercialization of any product that is the subject of any Litigation Proceeding involving an allegation that such product or the making, use, sale or offer for sale of such product infringes any third-party patent, until the earlier of (A) the dismissal of such Litigation Proceeding in connection with the settlement thereof, provided that such Commercialization of such product is permitted by the terms of such settlement, and provided that such settlement has been entered into in compliance with this Section 5.01(b) , or (B) the entering of a favorable, final court judgment from which no appeal has been or can be taken (other than a petition to the Supreme Court for a writ of certiorari) of the invalidity, unenforceability or non-infringement of all asserted claims of such patent or the failure to timely bring suit with respect to all such allegations of infringement (in each case, excluding patents relating to such product with respect to which a third party plaintiff failed to bring suit in such Litigation Proceeding);
(ix) settle or compromise any Litigation Proceeding, audit, or investigation against Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries, other than settlements or compromises of any Litigation Proceeding, audit, or investigation (1) in the ordinary course of business (which, for the avoidance of doubt, includes any such settlements relating to patent litigation) or (2) where the amount paid in settlement or compromise does not exceed $250,000 individually (for any employment-related matters) or $2,000,000 individually (for any matters unrelated to employment) and does not require the imposition of equitable relief on, or the admission of wrongdoing by, Amneal;
(x) except in the ordinary course of business, enter into, terminate or affirmatively determine not to renew, or modify, waive or release any material provision, rights or claims under any, Amneal Material Contract;
(xi) other than for purchases of goods or services which are entered into in the ordinary course of business on arms-length terms, enter into, modify, amend or terminate (including by exercising any buyout, termination or similar right under) any Contract with any Affiliate of Amneal (other than any of its wholly-owned Subsidiaries);
 
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(xii) (A) make, grant or promise any bonus (including long-term cash incentive awards) or any wage, salary, or other compensation or benefits increase to any employee, officer or director or individual consultant, or make, grant or promise any other change in employment terms for any employee, officer or director (including increases to compensation and benefits in connection with promotions permitted under the terms of this Agreement), other than such grants or promises made in the ordinary course of business (1) in connection with Amneal’s annual review process for service provider compensation and benefits or (2) which, in the aggregate, result in an increase of no greater than four percent (4%) of the aggregate compensation costs of Amneal and its Subsidiaries as compared to 2017 budgeted compensation costs for such period; (B) except in the ordinary course of business for employees or individual consultants whose base salary or, in the case of individual consultants, base compensation, is or will be after the following actions are taken, less than $200,000, enter into or amend any employment, change of control, retention, severance or similar agreement, or grant any severance or termination pay, modifications thereto or increases thereof; (C) except as may be required to implement the actions contemplated by this Agreement, accelerate the vesting or payment of any compensation or benefit under any Amneal Plan; (D) hire or promote any individual consultant or employee except for hiring or promotion of any individual consultant or employee (i) in the ordinary course of business, (ii) whose annual base salary (or compensation, in case of consultant) is less than $200,000 or, if applicable, would be less than such amount upon their hiring or promotion, (iii) to fill any open position that is unfilled as of the date hereof or becomes unfilled following the date hereof as a result of an employee’s termination of employment or resignation or (iv) whose hiring or promotion was approved in writing by Impax, which approval will not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed; (E) increase the funding obligation or contribution rate of any Amneal Plan, other than in the ordinary course of business; (F) award or promise to award any equity or equity-based awards; or (G) establish, amend or terminate any Amneal Plan, or materially change the level of health, dental and visions benefits as compared to health, dental and vision benefits provided on the date of this Agreement, other than changes that (1) arise in the ordinary course of business in connection with Amneal’s annual review process for service provider compensation and benefits or (2) (x) do not materially increase the total annualized cost of Amneal Plans and (y) do not materially interfere with integration of the Impax Plans and Amneal Plans to occur after the Closing, in each case of (A) through (G), other than as required by applicable Law or pursuant to any Amneal Plan as in effect on the date of this Agreement;
(xiii) modify in any material respect, adopt or enter into any collective bargaining agreement or other labor union contract applicable to the employees of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries;
(xiv) fail to use reasonable efforts to maintain existing material insurance policies or comparable replacement policies to the extent available for a reasonable cost;
(xv) change its fiscal year, revalue any of its material assets or make any material changes in financial, actuarial, reserving, statutory or Tax accounting methods, principles or practices, except in each case as required by GAAP or applicable Law;
(xvi) make, change or rescind any material Tax election;
(xvii) settle or compromise any material audit, claim, examination or other proceeding with respect to Taxes;
(xviii) enter into any Tax allocation agreement, Tax sharing agreement, Tax indemnity agreement or closing agreement relating to any material Tax, other than such agreements entered into in the ordinary course of business no principal purpose of which is related to Taxes;
(xix) surrender any right to claim a material Tax refund;
(xx) consent to any extension or waiver of the statute of limitations period applicable to any material Tax claim or assessment;
(xxi) terminate, suspend, abrogate, amend or modify in any material respect any Amneal Permits in a manner that would materially impair the operation of the business of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries; or
 
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(xxii) authorize any of, or commit, propose or agree to take any of, the foregoing actions.
(c) No Control . Nothing contained in this Agreement shall give Amneal, directly or indirectly, the right to control or direct Impax’s or its Subsidiaries’ operations prior to the Closing, and nothing contained in this Agreement shall give Impax, directly or indirectly, the right to control or direct Amneal’s or its Subsidiaries’ operations prior to the Closing. Prior to the Closing, each of Impax and Amneal shall exercise, subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, complete control and supervision over its and its Subsidiaries’ respective operations.
 Section 5.02 Solicitation by Impax; Competing Proposals; Change of Recommendation .
(a) No Solicitation by Impax . Impax shall, and shall cause its Subsidiaries and its and their respective Representatives to, immediately cease any discussions or negotiations with any persons that are ongoing with respect to any Competing Proposal, or any inquiry, proposal or offer that would reasonably be expected to lead to a Competing Proposal. Except as permitted by this Section 5.02 , until the earlier of the Impax Merger Effective Time and the termination of this Agreement in accordance with Article VIII , not (A) initiate, solicit or knowingly facilitate or encourage the submission of any inquiry, proposal or offer regarding a Competing Proposal, (B) furnish any information regarding Impax or any of its Subsidiaries to any person in connection with, for the purpose of encouraging or facilitating, or in response to, a Competing Proposal, (C) participate in any discussions or negotiations with respect to any Competing Proposal or any inquiry, proposal or offer that would reasonably be expected to lead to a Competing Proposal or (D) execute or enter into, or agree to enter into, any letter of intent, memorandum of understanding, agreement in principle, merger agreement, acquisition agreement or other similar agreement relating to any Competing Proposal (other than an Acceptable Confidentiality Agreement in compliance with the terms of this Agreement) (a “ Competing Proposal Agreement ”). Promptly, and in any event no later than one Business Day following the date of this Agreement, Impax shall, and shall cause its Subsidiaries and its and their respective Representatives to, request the prompt return or destruction of all confidential information previously furnished in connection with a potential Competing Proposal to any person with whom Impax or any of its Representatives has had discussions or negotiations with respect to a Competing Proposal in the last twelve (12) months and shall terminate all physical and electronic dataroom access previously granted to any such person or its Representatives.
(b) Provision of Information and Notice of a Competing Proposal . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Section 5.02 , if at any time prior to (but not after) Impax obtaining the Impax Stockholder Approval, (i) Impax has received a bona fide written Competing Proposal that has not resulted from a material breach of this Section 5.02 , (ii) the Impax Board determines in good faith, after consultation with its outside financial advisor and outside counsel, that such Competing Proposal constitutes or would reasonably be expected to lead to a Superior Proposal and (iii) the Impax Board determines in good faith, after consultation with its outside counsel, that failure to take such action would be inconsistent with its fiduciary duties to the stockholders of Impax under applicable Law, then Impax may, subject to compliance with this Section 5.02 , (A) furnish information with respect to Impax and any Subsidiaries of Impax to the person making such Competing Proposal and its Representatives and (B) participate in discussions or negotiations with the person making such Impax Competing Proposal and its Representatives regarding such Competing Proposal; provided , however , that Impax (1) will not, and will not permit or authorize its Subsidiaries or any Representative of Impax or its Subsidiaries to, disclose any information to such person without first entering into an Acceptable Confidentiality Agreement with such person and (2) will as promptly as practicable (and in any event within 24 hours thereafter) provide or make available to Amneal any material information concerning Impax or any Subsidiary of Impax provided or made available to such other person (or its Representatives) that was not previously provided or made available to Amneal. Subject to the undertakings of the Confidentiality Agreement, Impax will promptly (and in any event, within 24 hours) notify Amneal in the event Impax, any Subsidiary of Impax or any of its Representatives receives (x) notice by any person that such person intends to make a Competing Proposal, (y) any inquiry or request for information or for discussions or negotiations from which it is apparent that such inquiry or request is being made in contemplation of or in preparation for a Competing Proposal or (z) a Competing Proposal, and
 
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shall (I) indicate, in connection with such notice, the identity of the person making such inquiry or Competing Proposal, requesting such information or seeking to initiate such discussions or negotiations, together with a summary of the material terms and conditions of such Competing Proposal (including, if applicable, copies of any written inquiry, notice, request or Competing Proposal) or the nature of the request for information, as applicable, and (II) thereafter keep Amneal reasonably informed, on a reasonably current basis, of the status and terms of any such discussions or negotiations. Impax shall not, and shall cause its Subsidiaries not to, enter into any agreement with any person that prohibits Impax from providing to Amneal any of the information required to be provided to Amneal under this Section 5.02(b) within the time periods contemplated hereby. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 5.02 , the Impax Board may correspond in writing with any person making a Competing Proposal solely to request clarification of the terms and conditions thereof so as to determine whether such Competing Proposal constitutes or would reasonably be expected to lead to a Superior Proposal, provided that such written correspondence is delivered concurrently to Amneal. Impax shall not terminate, waive, amend or modify any provision of, grant permission under, any “standstill,” confidentiality or non-disclosure agreement to which Impax is a party, and Impax shall enforce the provisions of each such agreement; provided , that Impax shall be permitted to fail to enforce any provision of any “standstill,” confidentiality or non-disclosure agreement if the Impax Board determines in good faith, after consultation with its outside legal counsel, that the failure to take such action would be inconsistent with its fiduciary duties to Impax’s stockholders under applicable Law; provided , however , that Impax promptly advises Amneal that it is taking such action and the identity of the party or parties with respect to which it is taking such action.
(c) Board Recommendation . Except as set forth in Section 5.02(d) and Section 5.02(f) , neither the Impax Board nor any committee thereof shall (i) authorize, approve, recommend or declare advisable, or publicly propose to authorize, approve, recommend or declare advisable, any Competing Proposal, (ii) withhold, withdraw, amend, qualify or modify, or publicly propose to withhold, withdraw, amend, qualify or modify, the Impax Board Recommendation or any other approval, recommendation or declaration of advisability by the Impax Board or any such committee of this Agreement or any of the Transactions, (iii) fail to include the Impax Board Recommendation in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus, (iv) adopt, approve or recommend or otherwise declare advisable a Competing Proposal, (v) submit any Competing Proposal or any matter related thereto to the vote of the stockholders of Impax or (vi) announce its intention, authorize, commit, resolve or agree to take any of the foregoing actions (each action set forth in clauses (i) through (v) of this Section 5.02(c) , a “ Change of Recommendation ”).
(d) Entry Into a Competing Proposal . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, at any time prior to (but not after) obtaining the Impax Stockholder Approval and subject to compliance with Section 8.02(a)(iii) and this Section 5.02(d) , the Impax Board may: (i) make a Change of Recommendation in connection with a Superior Proposal or (ii) cause Impax to enter into a Competing Proposal Agreement with respect to a Superior Proposal and terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 8.01(d)(ii) , if (A) there has been no material breach of this Section 5.02 , (B) a bona fide, written Competing Proposal is made to Impax and/or its stockholders by a third person, (C) the Impax Board determines in good faith, after consultation with its outside financial advisors and outside legal counsel, and after complying with Section 5.02(e) , that such Competing Proposal constitutes a Superior Proposal and (D) the Impax Board determines in good faith after consultation with Impax’s outside legal counsel that the failure to take any of the actions referred to in either of clause (i) or (ii) above would violate the fiduciary duties owed by the Impax Board to the stockholders of Impax under applicable Law.
(e) Matching Rights With Respect to Superior Proposal . Neither Impax nor the Impax Board shall take any of the actions described in Section 5.02(d)(i) or Section 5.02(d)(ii) unless Impax provides Amneal ninety six (96) hours’ prior written notice of its intention to take such action (a “ Notice of Superior Proposal Action ”), which notice shall include the identity of the person making such Superior Proposal and the material terms and conditions of such Superior Proposal and, if applicable, shall attach the proposed Competing Proposal Agreement providing for such Superior Proposal (it being agreed that, in each case, neither the delivery of such notice by Impax nor any public announcement thereof that the Impax Board determines in good faith, after consultation
 
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with outside counsel, is required to be made under applicable Law shall constitute a Change of Recommendation), (y) to the extent requested by Amneal, Impax negotiates in good faith with Amneal with respect to any changes to the terms of this Agreement proposed by Amneal for at least ninety six (96) hours following delivery by Impax of such Notice of Superior Proposal Action (it being understood and agreed that any amendment to any material term of any Competing Proposal will be deemed a new Competing Proposal for purposes of this Section 5.02(e) , including with respect to the notice period referenced in this Section 5.02(e) , except that the ninety six (96)-hour period shall be reduced to seventy two (72) hours for such purposes) and (z) taking into account any binding changes to the terms of this Agreement definitively and irrevocably agreed to by Amneal in writing, the Impax Board determines in good faith, after consultation with its financial advisor and outside legal counsel, that such Competing Proposal would continue to constitute a Superior Proposal if such changes definitively and irrevocably agreed to by Amneal in writing were to be given effect. For the avoidance of doubt, the preceding sentences of this Section 5.02(e) shall apply to each Competing Proposal that triggers a Notice of Superior Proposal Action.
(f) Intervening Event Unrelated to Superior Proposal . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, at any time prior to (but not after) the time the Impax Stockholder Approval is obtained, solely in respect of an Intervening Event, the Impax Board may make a Change of Recommendation other than in connection with a Competing Proposal (it being understood and agreed that any Change of Recommendation proposed to be made in connection with a Competing Proposal may only be made pursuant to and in accordance with Section 5.02(d) ) only if (i) Impax has provided Amneal ninety six (96) hours prior written notice of the occurrence of an Intervening Event and its intention to consider making a Change of Recommendation (a “ Notice of Change of Recommendation ”), which notice shall include a description of such Intervening Event in reasonable detail (it being agreed that neither the delivery of such Notice of Change of Recommendation by Impax nor any public announcement thereof that the board of directors of Impax determines in good faith, after consultation with outside counsel, is required to be made under applicable Law shall constitute a Change of Recommendation), (ii) Impax has negotiated in good faith with Amneal with respect to any changes to the terms of this Agreement proposed by Amneal for at least ninety six (96) hours following delivery by Impax of such Notice of Change of Recommendation and (iii) taking into account any binding changes to the terms of this Agreement definitively and irrevocably agreed to by Amneal in writing, the Impax Board determines in good faith after consultation with outside legal counsel that the failure to effect a Change of Recommendation would be inconsistent with the fiduciary duties of the members of the Impax Board under applicable Law. Notwithstanding any such Change of Recommendation made pursuant to this Section 5.02(f) , unless this Agreement is otherwise terminated in accordance with its terms, consistent with Section 146 of the DGCL, Impax shall submit this Agreement to the stockholders of Impax for their consideration at the Impax Stockholder Meeting.
(g) No Effect on Duty to Disclose . Nothing contained in this Section 5.02 or elsewhere in this Agreement shall prohibit Impax or the Impax Board from (i) complying with its disclosure obligations under applicable United States federal or state Law with respect to a Competing Proposal, including taking and disclosing to the stockholders of Impax a position contemplated by Rule 14d-9, Rule 14e-2(a) or Item 1012(a) of Regulation M-A promulgated under the Exchange Act (or any similar communication to stockholders) or (ii) making any disclosure to the stockholders of Impax if the Impax Board determines in good faith, after consultation with outside counsel, that the failure to make such disclosure would be inconsistent with its fiduciary duties to the stockholders of Impax under applicable Law; provided , however , that this Section 5.02(g) shall not be deemed to permit the Impax Board to make a Change of Recommendation except to the extent permitted by Section 5.02(d) or Section 5.02(f) (for the avoidance of doubt, it being agreed that the issuance by Impax or the Impax Board of a “stop, look and listen” statement pending disclosure of its position, as contemplated by Rule 14e-2(a) or Rule 14d-9 promulgated under the Exchange Act (or any similar communication to stockholders) shall not constitute a Change of Recommendation).
 
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(h) Breach . Impax agrees that any breach or violation of, or non-compliance with, this Section 5.02 by any Representative of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries, whether or not such person is purporting to act on behalf of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries or otherwise, shall be deemed to be a breach of this Agreement by Impax.
 ARTICLE VI
ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS
 Section 6.01 Registration Statement; Proxy Statement/Prospectus .
(a) As promptly as practicable after the date of this Agreement, Amneal and Impax shall jointly prepare, and shall cause Holdco to file with the SEC the Registration Statement, which will include the Proxy Statement/Prospectus constituting a part thereof, and each of Amneal and Impax shall promptly furnish all information concerning itself and its Affiliates as may be reasonably requested by the other party and shall otherwise reasonably assist and cooperate with the other in connection with the preparation, filing and distribution of the Registration Statement. Each of Amneal and Impax will use their respective reasonable best efforts to (i) cause the Registration Statement and the Proxy Statement/Prospectus, when filed, to comply in all material respects with all legal requirements applicable thereto, (ii) respond as promptly as reasonably practicable to and resolve all comments received from the SEC or its staff concerning the Registration Statement and the Proxy Statement/Prospectus, (iii) have the Registration Statement declared effective under the Securities Act as promptly as practicable after such filing and (iv) keep the Registration Statement effective for so long as necessary to complete the Transactions.
(b) No filing of, or amendment or supplement to, the Registration Statement or the Proxy Statement/Prospectus, or response to SEC comments with respect thereto, will be made by Amneal or Impax, as applicable, without the other’s prior consent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed) and without providing the other party a reasonable opportunity to review and comment thereon. Impax will cause the Proxy Statement/Prospectus to be mailed to its stockholders as promptly as reasonably practicable after the Registration Statement is declared effective under the Securities Act (but in no event earlier than the record date set by Impax for the Impax Stockholder Meeting).
(c) Amneal or Impax, as applicable, will promptly notify the other upon the receipt of any comments from the SEC or any request from the SEC for amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or the Proxy Statement/Prospectus, and will, as promptly as practicable after receipt thereof, provide the other with copies of all material correspondence between it and its Representatives, on the one hand, and the SEC, on the other hand, and all written comments with respect to the Registration Statement or the Proxy Statement/Prospectus received from the SEC and advise the other on any oral comments with respect to the Registration Statement or the Proxy Statement/Prospectus received from the SEC. Impax will advise Amneal, promptly after Holdco receives notice thereof, of the time of effectiveness of the Registration Statement and the issuance of any stop order relating thereto or the suspension of the qualification of the shares of Class A Common Stock issuable in connection with the Impax Merger for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, and Amneal and Impax will use their respective reasonable best efforts to have any such stop order or suspension lifted, reversed or otherwise terminated.
(d) Impax and Amneal will also use their respective reasonable best efforts to take any other action required to be taken under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, any applicable foreign or state securities or “blue sky” Laws and the rules and regulations thereunder in connection with the Transactions. If at any time prior to the Impax Merger Effective Time any information relating to Amneal or Impax, or any of their respective Affiliates, officers or directors, is discovered by Amneal or Impax which should be set forth in an amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or the Proxy Statement/Prospectus, so that any of such documents would not include a misstatement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, the party that discovers such information shall promptly notify the other party hereto and each of Amneal and Impax shall use
 
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its reasonable best efforts to cause an appropriate amendment or supplement describing such information to be promptly filed with the SEC and, to the extent required by law, disseminated to Impax Stockholders.
 Section 6.02 Impax Stockholder Meeting . Impax shall take all action necessary under applicable Law to call, give notice of and hold a meeting of its stockholders (the “ Impax Stockholder Meeting ”) for purposes of adopting this Agreement and thereby approving the Transactions, including the Impax Merger, which shall be held as promptly as practicable after the Registration Statement is declared effective under the Securities Act. Impax shall not, without the consent of Amneal (which shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), adjourn or postpone, cancel, recess or reschedule, the Impax Stockholder Meeting; provided , that Impax may, without the consent of (but after consultation with) Amneal, adjourn or postpone the Impax Stockholder Meeting (i) if, as of the time for which the Impax Stockholder Meeting is originally scheduled (as set forth in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus), there are insufficient shares of Impax Common Stock represented (either in person or by proxy) to constitute a quorum necessary to conduct the business of the Impax Stockholder Meeting, (ii) if the failure to adjourn or postpone the Impax Stockholder Meeting would reasonably be expected to be a violation of applicable Law or for the distribution of any required supplement or amendment to the Proxy Statement/Prospectus or (iii) to solicit additional proxies if Impax reasonably determines that it is advisable or necessary to do so in order to obtain the Impax Stockholder Approval. Except to the extent that the Impax Board shall have effected a Change of Recommendation, Impax shall include in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus the Impax Board Recommendation. Promptly following the execution and delivery of this Agreement, Impax shall (i) cause Holdco, in its capacity as sole stockholder of Merger Sub, to approve the Impax Merger and (ii) approve, in its capacity as the sole stockholder of Holdco, the Contribution, in each case in accordance with applicable requirements of the DGCL and Impax shall deliver evidence of such approvals to Amneal promptly following the date of this Agreement.
 Section 6.03 Access to Information; Confidentiality . Each of Impax and Amneal shall afford to the other and its Representatives reasonable access during normal business hours during the period from the date of this Agreement until the earlier of the Closing and the date, if any, on which this Agreement is terminated to all of its and its Subsidiaries’ properties, books, Contracts, commitments, personnel and records and, during such period, and each of Impax and Amneal shall furnish promptly to the other (a) a copy of each report, schedule, registration statement and other document filed by such party during such period and not publicly available pursuant to the requirements of federal or state securities Laws and (b) consistent with its legal obligations, all other information concerning the party and its Subsidiaries’ business, properties and personnel as the other party or any of its Representatives may reasonably request; provided , however , that such party may restrict the foregoing access to the extent that any applicable Law or any Contract to which it is a party, requires it to restrict access to any properties or information or in order to maintain attorney-client or other privilege; provided , further , that in any such case, the parties shall cooperate to seek to provide for access in a manner that does not violate any such Law or Contract or attorney-client or other privilege. Except for disclosures expressly permitted by the terms of the Confidential Disclosure Agreement, dated April 12, 2017, between APHC and Impax (as it may be amended from time to time, the “ Confidentiality Agreement ”), each of Impax and Amneal shall hold, and shall cause its Representatives to hold, all information received from the other party, directly or indirectly, in confidence in accordance with and otherwise subject to the Confidentiality Agreement. No investigation pursuant to this Section 6.03 or information provided, made available or delivered pursuant to this Agreement will affect or be deemed to modify any of the representations or warranties of Impax or Amneal contained in this Agreement or the conditions hereunder to the obligations of the parties hereto.
 Section 6.04 Regulatory Approvals; Efforts .
(a) Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, each of the parties agrees to use its reasonable best efforts to take, or cause to be taken, all actions, and to do, or cause to be done, and to assist and cooperate with the other parties in doing, all things necessary, proper or advisable to consummate and make effective, in the most expeditious manner practicable, the Transactions, subject to the express provisions of this Agreement (including the provisions of Section 5.02 ), including using reasonable best efforts to accomplish the
 
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following: (i) the taking of all acts necessary to cause the conditions to Closing to be satisfied as promptly as practicable, (ii) the obtaining of all necessary actions or nonactions, waivers, consents and approvals from Governmental Authorities and the making of all necessary registrations and filings (including filings with Governmental Authorities, if any) and the taking of all steps as may be necessary to obtain an approval or waiver from, or to avoid an adverse action or proceeding by, any Governmental Authority (including in connection with the HSR Act and any other applicable Competition Laws), (iii) the obtaining of all necessary consents, approvals or waivers from third parties and (iv) the execution and delivery of any additional instruments necessary to consummate the Transactions and to fully carry out the purposes of this Agreement. In furtherance of the foregoing, the party subject to the applicable requirement of a Governmental Authority or party to the applicable agreement requiring a consent or waiver shall be primarily responsible for communications with the applicable Governmental Authority or other third party and the other party hereto shall reasonably cooperate in such efforts. In connection with and without limiting the first sentence of this Section 6.04(a) , each of Impax and the Impax Board, Holdco and the Holdco Board, and Amneal and the Amneal Board shall (A) take no action to cause any state takeover statute or similar statute or regulation to become applicable to this Agreement or the Transactions and (B) if any state takeover statute or similar statute is or becomes applicable to this Agreement or the Transactions, take all action reasonably necessary to ensure that the Transactions may be consummated as promptly as practicable on the terms contemplated by this Agreement and otherwise to minimize the effect of such statute or regulation on this Agreement and the Transactions.
(b) In connection with and without limiting the foregoing, each party hereto shall make or cause to be made any appropriate filings, if necessary or advisable, pursuant to the HSR Act or other applicable Competition Laws with respect to the Transactions as promptly as practicable (and in any event no later than ten (10) Business Days after the date of this Agreement with respect to filings under the HSR Act, unless otherwise mutually agreed between the parties). Each of the parties hereto will furnish to the other such necessary information and reasonable assistance as the other may request in connection with the preparation of any required governmental filings or submissions and will cooperate in responding to any inquiry from a Governmental Authority and to any requests for additional information at the earliest practicable date, including promptly informing the other party of such inquiry, consulting in advance before making any presentations or submissions to a Governmental Authority and supplying each other with copies of all material correspondence, filings or communications between either party and any Governmental Authority with respect to this Agreement. Such information can be shared on an outside counsel basis or subject to other restrictions to the extent deemed necessary or advisable by counsel for the disclosing party. To the extent practicable and as permitted by a Governmental Authority, each party hereto shall permit Representatives of the other party to participate in material substantive meetings (whether by telephone or in person) with such Governmental Authority. Each party shall use its reasonable best efforts and closely collaborate on the timing, strategy and approach to (x) obtain any consents, approvals, authorizations or orders required to be obtained by Amneal or Impax or any of their respective Subsidiaries under the HSR Act or other applicable Competition Laws, (y) avoid the entry of any judgment in any claim asserted in court by any Governmental Authority under any Competition Laws that would restrain, prevent or delay the Closing or (z) contest or avoid any action, proceeding or litigation by any Governmental Authority under the HSR Act or other applicable Competition Laws.
(c) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 6.04(a) or Section 6.04(b) , nothing contained in this Agreement shall be construed to require either party to agree to, or take any action if such efforts or action, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to result in a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition or results of operations of Amneal, Impax or the combined company (immediately following the Closing) (each of such actions, a “ Burdensome Condition ”). None of the parties nor any of its respective Subsidiaries shall take any action that has the effect of, or agree with any Governmental Authority to, any Burdensome Condition without the prior written consent of the other parties hereto.
 
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 Section 6.05 Indemnification; Insurance .
(a) From and after the Closing, Impax and Amneal shall, jointly and severally, indemnify, defend and hold harmless, and provide advancement of expenses to, the current and former directors and officers of Impax, Holdco and their respective Subsidiaries (the “ Impax Indemnified Parties ”) and the current and former members of the Amneal Board and officers of Amneal and its Subsidiaries (the “ Amneal Indemnified Parties ”), in each case to the fullest extent permitted by Law, including to the fullest extent authorized or permitted by any amendments to or replacements of the DGCL or the DLLCA adopted after the date of this Agreement that increase the extent to which a corporation or limited liability company may indemnify its officers and directors or any Impax Indemnified Party or Amneal Indemnified Party, from and against any and all costs or expenses (including attorneys’ fees, expenses and disbursements), judgments, fines, losses, claims, damages, penalties, liabilities and amounts paid in settlement in connection with any actual or threatened claim, action, suit, proceeding or investigation, whether civil, criminal, administrative, regulatory or investigative, arising out of, relating to or in connection with any circumstances, developments or matters in existence, or acts or omissions occurring or alleged to occur at or prior to the Closing (including for acts or omissions occurring in connection with the approval of this Agreement, the performance of Impax’s, Holdco’s and Amneal’s obligations under this Agreement and the consummation of the Transactions or arising out of or pertaining to the Transactions) whether asserted or claimed prior to, at or after the Closing.
(b) It is understood and agreed that all rights to indemnification, expense advancement and exculpation existing in favor of each present and former director, officer and employee of Impax, Holdco, Amneal or any of their respective Subsidiaries as provided in the Impax Charter, Impax Bylaws, the Amended and Restated Holdco Charter, the Amended and Restated Holdco Bylaws, Amneal LLC Operating Agreement or the charter or organizational documents of the Subsidiaries of Impax, Holdco or Amneal, in each case as in effect on the date of this Agreement, or under any other agreements in effect on the date of this Agreement (true, correct and complete copies of which have been delivered, as applicable, by Impax and Amneal to Amneal and Impax, respectively), will survive the Transactions and Impax, Holdco and Amneal will (i) continue in full force and effect for a period of at least six (6) years from the Closing Date (or, if any relevant claim is asserted or made within such six (6) year period, until final disposition of such claim) such rights to indemnification and expense advancement and (ii) perform, in a timely manner, Impax’s, Holdco’s or Amneal’s or their respective Subsidiaries’ obligations with respect thereto. Any claims for indemnification and expense advancement pursuant to such agreements and organizational documents as to which Impax, Holdco or Amneal has received written notice before the sixth (6th) anniversary of the Closing Date will survive, whether or not those claims will have been finally adjudicated or settled, and no action taken during such period may be deemed to diminish the obligations set forth in this Section 6.05(b) .
(c) For at least six (6) years after the Closing, Impax shall maintain (and Holdco shall cause Impax to maintain) in effect Impax’s current directors’ and officers’ liability insurance in respect of acts or omissions occurring at or prior to the Closing (including for acts or omissions occurring in connection with the approval of this Agreement and the consummation of the Transactions) covering the Impax Indemnified Parties currently covered by Impax’s directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy (a true and complete copy of which has been heretofore made available to Amneal), on terms with respect to such coverage and amount no less favorable than those of such policy in effect on the date of this Agreement; provided , however , that Impax may substitute therefor a tail policy or policies of Impax containing terms with respect to coverage and amount no less favorable to such Impax Indemnified Parties. The covenants contained in this Section 6.05(c) are intended to be for the benefit of, and shall be enforceable by, each of the Impax Indemnified Parties and their respective heirs and legal Representatives, and shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which an Impax Indemnified Party is entitled, whether pursuant to Law, Contract or otherwise.
(d) For at least six (6) years after the Closing, Amneal shall maintain (and Holdco shall cause Amneal to maintain) in effect Amneal’s current directors’ and officers’ liability insurance in respect of acts or omissions occurring at or prior to the Closing (including for acts or omissions occurring in connection with the approval of
 
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this Agreement and the consummation of the Transactions) covering the Amneal Indemnified Parties currently covered by Amneal’s directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy (a true and complete copy of which has been heretofore made available to Impax), on terms with respect to such coverage and amount no less favorable than those of such policy in effect on the date of this Agreement; provided , however , that Impax may substitute therefor a tail policy or policies of Amneal containing terms with respect to coverage and amount no less favorable to such Amneal Indemnified Parties. The covenants contained in this Section 6.05(d) are intended to be for the benefit of, and shall be enforceable by, each of the Amneal Indemnified Parties and their respective heirs and legal Representatives, and shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which an Amneal Indemnified Party is entitled, whether pursuant to Law, Contract or otherwise.
 Section 6.06 Fees and Expenses . Except as otherwise expressly set forth in this Agreement, all fees and expenses incurred in connection with this Agreement and the Transactions shall be paid by the party incurring such fees or expenses, whether or not the Transactions are consummated.
 Section 6.07 Public Announcements . Prior to the Closing, Amneal and Impax shall consult with each other before issuing, and give each other the opportunity to review and comment upon, any press release or other public statements with respect to the Transactions, and shall not issue any such press release or make any such public statement prior to such consultation, except as may be required by applicable Law, court process or by obligations pursuant to any listing agreement with any securities exchange or securities quotation system. The parties hereto agree that the initial press release to be issued with respect to the Transactions shall be in the form heretofore agreed. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Amneal and Impax may, without the prior consent of the other party, reasonably disseminate information with respect to the Transactions to the extent such information was previously included in a press release or other public statement made pursuant to this Section 6.07 .
 Section 6.08 Stockholder Litigation . In the event that any stockholder litigation related to this Agreement or the Transactions is brought, or, to the Knowledge of Impax or Amneal, threatened in writing, against Impax or the members of the Impax Board prior to the Closing, each party shall promptly notify the other party of any such stockholder litigation brought, or, to the Knowledge of such party, threatened against Impax and/or members of the Impax Board and shall keep the other party reasonably informed with respect to the status thereof. Neither Impax nor any Subsidiary or Representative of Impax shall settle or agree to settle any such stockholder litigation or consent to the same unless Amneal shall have consented in writing (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditional or delayed).
 Section 6.09 Employee Matters .
(a) For purposes of eligibility, vesting and benefit accrual, level and entitlement, with respect to any benefit plan, program or arrangement (other than any defined benefit pension plan, retiree medical program or other retiree welfare benefit program), Impax and Amneal shall, and, from and after the Closing, Holdco shall cause Impax and Amneal to, recognize (or with respect to any insured arrangement, use commercially reasonable efforts to recognize) the service of individuals who are employed by Impax and its Subsidiaries, or Amneal and its Subsidiaries, immediately prior to the Closing and who remain employed thereafter by Impax, Amneal or any of their Subsidiaries (the “ Affected Employees ”) to the same extent as such service was taken into account under the corresponding Impax Plan or Amneal Plan for those purposes; provided , however , that such recognition shall not result in a duplication of benefits.
(b) With respect to any welfare plan in which Affected Employees are eligible to participate after the Closing, Holdco shall, and shall cause Impax and Amneal to, use commercially reasonable efforts to (i) waive all limitations as to preexisting conditions, exclusions and waiting periods with respect to participation and coverage requirements applicable to such employees to the extent such conditions were satisfied (or not applicable) under the applicable welfare plans prior to the Closing and (ii) provide each such employee with credit for any co-payments, deductibles and out-of-pocket expenses paid prior to the Closing and in the applicable plan year in which the Closing occurs in satisfying any analogous co-payment deductible or out-of-pocket requirements.
 
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(c) The parties acknowledge that the consummation of the Transactions shall, to the extent applicable, constitute a “change in control” or “change of control” (or a term of similar import) for purposes of each Impax Plan set forth on Section 6.09(c) of the Impax Disclosure Letter. Following the Closing, Holdco shall assume each Impax Plan set forth on Section 6.09(c) of the Impax Disclosure Letter.
(d) During the period beginning on the date hereof and ending on the Closing Date, Amneal and Impax shall cooperate in good faith to take any reasonable actions determined necessary and appropriate with respect to the Amneal Plans and the Impax Plans that are each intended to constitute a tax-qualified defined contribution plan under Section 401(k) of the Code (a “ 401(k) Plan ”) (including, without limitation, termination of any such 401(k) Plan or merger of such 401(k) Plans on or prior to the Closing Date). To the extent that Amneal and Impax cannot in good faith agree on any such actions, whether to take any or all such actions shall be determined by a committee made up of those certain individuals that are expected to constitute the Compensation Committee of the Holdco Board on or prior to the Closing Date. For the avoidance of doubt, it is expected that such committee shall be comprised of two members appointed by Amneal and two members appointed by Impax.
(e) Nothing in this Section 6.09 shall be treated as an establishment of, amendment of, or undertaking to amend, any benefit plan or shall limit the right of Holdco and its Affiliates to amend, terminate or otherwise modify any Impax Plan or Amneal Plan following the Closing Date. The provisions of this Section 6.09 are solely for the benefit of the parties to this Agreement and nothing in this Section 6.09 , express or implied, shall confer upon any Affected Employee or legal representative or beneficiary thereof or any other person, any rights or remedies, including any right to employment or continued employment for any specified period, or compensation or benefits of any nature or kind whatsoever under this Agreement or a right in any employee or beneficiary of such employee or other person under an Impax Plan or Amneal Plan that such employee or beneficiary or other person would not otherwise have under the terms of that Impax Plan or Amneal Plan.
 Section 6.10 Cooperation . Each party and its Subsidiaries will, and will cause each of its Representatives to, use its commercially reasonable efforts, subject to applicable Law, to cooperate with and assist the other party in connection with planning the post-Closing integration of the parties and their respective Subsidiaries and employees.
 Section 6.11 Financing .
(a) (i) Subject to the other provisions of this Agreement, Amneal shall use reasonable best efforts (and shall use reasonable best efforts to cause its Affiliates and Subsidiaries) to take, or cause to be taken, all actions necessary or advisable to obtain, or cause to be obtained, the Debt Financing on the terms and conditions, described in the Debt Commitment Letter (including as such terms may be modified or adjusted in accordance with the terms of the “flex” provisions contained in the Fee Letter), including using reasonable best efforts to (A) maintain in effect the Debt Commitment Letter until the funding of the Debt Financing at or prior to Closing, (B) negotiate definitive agreements with respect to the Debt Financing (the “ Definitive Agreements ”) consistent in all material respects with the terms and conditions contained in the Debt Commitment Letter (including any related “flex” provisions) or on other terms not less favorable, in the aggregate, to Amneal than the terms and conditions (including the “flex” provisions) contemplated by the Debt Commitment Letter but only to the extent that any such other terms would not reasonably be expected to adversely impact or delay in any material respect the ability of Amneal to consummate the Transactions and the Ancillary Transactions in accordance with this Agreement or obtain the Debt Financing (it being agreed that, notwithstanding the foregoing, Amneal may modify, supplement, amend or amend and restate the Debt Commitment Letter solely to add lenders, lead arrangers, bookrunners, syndication agents or similar entities (and make incidental or conforming amendments or modifications to reflect the addition of any such lenders, lead arrangers, bookrunners, syndication agents and similar entities), (C) satisfy (or obtain a waiver of) all conditions within its control to obtaining the Debt Financing and (D) upon satisfaction of all of the conditions in this Agreement to Amneal’s and Impax’s obligations to effect the Closing, and satisfaction of all of the conditions set forth in the Debt Commitment Letter, enforcing its rights against the other parties to the Debt Commitment Letter, if any, including to require such parties to provide the Debt Financing.
 
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(ii) Amneal shall not, without the prior written consent of Impax, (A) permit any amendment or modification to, or any waiver of, any provision or remedy under, or replace (except as expressly set forth under Section 6.11(a)(iii) ), the Debt Commitment Letter if such amendment, modification, waiver or replacement (1) would add any new (or expand any existing) condition to the Debt Financing Commitments, (2) reduces the aggregate amount of the Debt Financing contemplated by the Debt Commitment Letter, (3) would reasonably be expected to adversely impair the ability of Amneal to enforce its rights against other parties to the Debt Commitment Letter, or (4) would reasonably be expected to prevent or in any material respect impede or delay the consummation of the Debt Financing (the items described in the preceding clauses (A)(1) through (4) (and subject to exclusions set forth below), collectively, the “ Restricted Debt Commitment Amendments ”), or (B) terminate the Debt Commitment Letter unless such Debt Commitment Letter is replaced with another commitment letter or comparable financing commitment that would not reasonably be expected to result in a Restricted Debt Commitment Amendment; provided , that the existence or exercise of the “flex” provisions contained in the Fee Letter shall not constitute a Restricted Debt Commitment Amendment; and provided , further , that Amneal may modify, supplement, amend or amend and restate, or waive any provision or remedy under, the Debt Commitment Letter if such amendment, modification or waiver is not a Restricted Debt Commitment Amendment, it being understood that any modification, supplement, amendment or amendment and restatement solely to add lenders, lead arrangers, bookrunners, syndication agents and similar entities (and make incidental or conforming amendments or modifications to reflect the addition of any such lenders, lead arrangers, bookrunners, syndication agents and similar entities) shall not be a Restricted Debt Commitment Amendment. Upon any such amendment, modification, waiver or replacement of the Debt Commitment Letter or the Debt Financing Commitments in accordance with this Section 6.11(a)(ii) , the terms “Debt Commitment Letter”, “Debt Financing” and “Debt Financing Commitments” shall mean, other than for purposes of the representations and warranties made as of the date of this Agreement in Section 4.25 , the Debt Commitment Letter and Debt Financing Commitments, respectively, as so amended, modified, waived or replaced. Any material consent, approval, agreement or determination required or contemplated to be made by Amneal under the Debt Commitment Letter shall be made in reasonable consultation with Impax. Amneal shall promptly furnish Impax with copies of any marketing materials, rating agency presentations, information memoranda or any other documents or communications prepared or received by Amneal or any of its Affiliates in connection with the Debt Financing Commitments, including any material drafts or final versions of definitive documentation with respect thereto (other than any internal documents prepared by Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries and not distributed to lenders or their counsel or any other third party). In addition, (i) Amneal shall provide Impax and its outside counsel a reasonable opportunity to review and comment on any material drafts of any documents related to the Debt Financing Commitments prior to the dissemination of such documents to any third parties (it being understood that any such comments will be considered in good faith by Amneal, subject to its reasonable discretion) and (ii) keep Impax fully informed at all times of its efforts to arrange, and the status of, the Debt Financing.
(iii) In the event that any portion of the Debt Financing becomes unavailable on the terms and conditions contemplated in the Debt Financing Commitments (as such terms may be modified or adjusted in accordance with the terms of, and within the limits of, the “flex” provisions contained in the Fee Letter), regardless of the reason therefor, Amneal shall (A) promptly notify Impax of such unavailability and (B) use reasonable best efforts to obtain, as promptly as practicable following the occurrence of such event, alternative financing (“ Alternative Financing ”) in an amount sufficient, when added to the portion of the Debt Financing that is available, to pay the Required Amount from the same or other sources (1) on terms not less favorable, in any material respect, when taken as a whole, to Amneal and Impax than those contained in the Debt Commitment Letter and with lenders reasonably satisfactory to Amneal and (2) that does not contain any other terms that would reasonably be expected to prevent or in any material respect impede or delay the consummation of the Transactions and the Ancillary Transactions or otherwise constitute a Restricted Debt Commitment Amendment. For the purposes of this Agreement, other than for purposes of the representations and warranties made as of the date hereof in Section 4.25 , the terms “Debt Commitment Letter”, “Debt Financing” and “Debt Financing Commitments” shall be deemed to include any
 
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commitment letter (or similar agreement), debt financing or commitment with respect to any Alternative Financing arranged in compliance herewith (and the Debt Commitment Letter, Debt Financing and Debt Financing Commitment remaining in effect at the time in question), and all references to the Debt Financing Sources shall include the persons providing or arranging such alternative debt financing.
(iv) Amneal shall provide Impax with prompt written notice of (A) any breach or default by any party to the Debt Commitment Letter or the Definitive Agreements, if any, of which Amneal has Knowledge or any termination of the Debt Commitment Letter of which Amneal has Knowledge, (B) the receipt of any notice or other communication from any Debt Financing Source with respect to (1) any actual or threatened breach, default, termination or repudiation by any party to the Debt Commitment Letter or the Definitive Agreements, if any, or any provision thereof, and (2) any dispute or disagreement between or among any parties to the Debt Commitment Letter or the Definitive Agreements that would reasonably be expected to result in the unavailability of the Debt Financing on the Closing Date or reasonably be likely to delay or impede the Closing, or (C) any change or event that, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to cause any condition precedent of the Debt Financing (or any Alternative Financing obtained in accordance with this Section 6.11 ) to not be satisfied or waived on or prior to the Closing Date and result in the unavailability of the Debt Financing in the amounts contemplated by the Debt Commitment Letter (it being understood that in no event will Amneal be obligated to disclose any information the disclosure of which would result in the loss of attorney-client privilege).
(v) Nothing in this Section 6.11 or any other provisions of this Agreement shall require, and in no event shall the “reasonable best efforts” of Amneal be deemed or construed to require, Amneal to (A) except as expressly set forth in Section 6.11(a)(iii) with respect to alternative financing, seek or accept Debt Financing on terms less favorable in the aggregate than those set forth in the Debt Commitment Letter (including the “flex” provisions thereof) provided on the date of this Agreement, (B) waive any term or condition of this Agreement or (C) pay any fees in excess of those contemplated by the Debt Financing Commitments (whether to secure waiver of any conditions contained therein or otherwise). For the avoidance of doubt, Amneal’s obligations and responsibilities under this Section 6.11(a) shall only apply to the Debt Financing and shall not apply to any debt financing arrangements to be negotiated by Amneal in the event it desires to propose changes to the terms of this Agreement in connection with the procedures contemplated by Sections 5.02(e) or 5.02(f) .
(b) (i) Impax shall use reasonable best efforts to, and shall use reasonable best efforts to cause each of its Subsidiaries and their respective Representatives to, provide (A) the cooperation listed below in clauses (A), (B), (D) and (E) with respect to any Amneal Equity Secondary and (B) customary cooperation as reasonably requested by Amneal in connection with the Debt Financing, including by using reasonable best efforts to:
(A) upon reasonable prior notice, and after reasonable consultation, make available Impax’s senior officers for participation in a reasonable number of meetings, presentations (including lender presentations), road shows, due diligence sessions, drafting sessions and sessions with rating agencies, in relation to the marketing of the Debt Financing or any Amneal Equity Secondary,
(B) to cause its independent auditors to cooperate with due diligence matters in connection with the Debt Financing or any Amneal Equity Secondary,
(C) upon reasonable request, identify any material non-public information relating to Impax (but in no event shall Impax be required to disclose any non-public information to the extent it would result in the public disclosure of such information) and provide customary authorization letters in connection with any marketing materials related to the Debt Financing,
(D) deliver such due diligence materials as are reasonably available to it and as are reasonably requested by Amneal and customarily delivered in connection with marketing materials in connection with the Debt Financing or any Amneal Equity Secondary,
 
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(E) assist in the preparation and negotiation and execution and delivery as of the Closing any definitive documents related to the Debt Financing or any Amneal Equity Secondary (including any schedules and exhibits thereto) as may be reasonably requested,
(F) assist with Amneal’s preparation of pro forma and projected financial statements and financial information necessary to satisfy a condition to the Debt Financing set forth in the Debt Commitment Letter or customarily included in marketing material (but Impax shall have no obligation to prepare or provide the pro forma or projected financial statements and financial information),
(G) furnish Amneal and the Debt Financing Sources no later than three (3) Business Days prior to the Closing Date all documentation and other information with respect to Impax and its Subsidiaries as shall have been reasonably requested in writing by Amneal at least ten (10) Business Days prior to the Closing Date that is required in connection with the Debt Financing by U.S. regulatory authorities under applicable “know-your-customer” and anti-money laundering rules and regulations, including the U.S.A. Patriot Act of 2001, or that are required by Section 6 of Exhibit D of the Debt Commitment Letter,
(H) facilitate the pledging of collateral in connection with the Debt Financing, and
(I) obtain and deliver executed Payoff Letters and instruments of termination and discharge reasonably requested by Amneal.
(ii) Notwithstanding the foregoing: (A) such requested cooperation shall not unreasonably interfere with the ongoing operations of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries; (B) neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries shall (1) be required to pay any commitment or other similar fee in connection with the Debt Financing prior to the Closing; (2) have any liability or obligation under any agreement or any document related to the Debt Financing until the Closing occurs; (3) be required to incur any liability that is not expressly provided for in this Section 6.11 in connection with the Debt Financing and not otherwise indemnified hereunder; (4) otherwise be required to take any action in violation or conflict with any of Impax or its Subsidiaries’ respective organizational documents or applicable Law; (5) be required to deliver opinions of external or internal counsel; (6) be required to provide access to or disclose information that would reasonably be expected to jeopardize attorney-client privilege or contravene Law or violate any Contract; (7) be required to waive or amend any terms of this Agreement or any other Contract to which Impax or its Subsidiaries is a party; (8) be required to provide any cooperation to the extent it would (x) cause any condition to Closing set forth in Article VII not to be satisfied or cause (y) a breach of this Agreement; (9) be required to execute (except authorization letters in connection with any marketing materials contemplated above), prior to the Closing Date, any definitive financing documents, including any credit or other agreements, pledge or security documents, or other certificates or documents in connection with the Debt Financing, and no obligation of Impax or its Subsidiaries under any document, agreement or any other contract relating to the Debt Financing shall be operative prior to the Closing; and (C) notwithstanding the above, all corporate, limited liability or other organizational actions shall be deemed to become effective only if and when the Closing occurs and shall be derived exclusively from the authority of, and shall only be taken by, the board of directors of Impax and its Subsidiaries or other governing body of Impax and its Subsidiaries as constituted after giving effect to the Closing.
(iii) Amneal shall indemnify and hold harmless Impax and its Subsidiaries, and their respective officers, employees and Representatives, from and against any and all liabilities or losses suffered or incurred by them in connection with the Debt Financing and any information utilized in connection therewith, except in the event such liabilities or losses arose out of or result from (i) the willful misconduct, gross negligence or bad faith of Impax and its Subsidiaries or (ii) historical information furnished in writing by or on behalf of Impax and its Subsidiaries expressly for inclusion in any marketing materials. If this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Article VIII , Amneal shall, promptly upon request by Impax, reimburse Impax and its Subsidiaries for all reasonable and documents out-of-pocket costs incurred by Impax and its Subsidiaries (including those of its Affiliates and Representatives) in connection with taking action required or requested by Amneal pursuant to this Section 6.11 .
 
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(iv) Impax hereby consents to the use of its and its Subsidiaries’ logos in connection with the Debt Financing; provided, that such logos shall be used solely in a manner that is not intended or reasonably likely to harm or disparage Impax and its Subsidiaries or the reputation or goodwill of Impax and its Subsidiaries.
(v) For the avoidance of doubt, the parties hereto acknowledge and agree that the provisions contained in this Section 6.11 represent the sole obligation of Impax, its Subsidiaries and Affiliates and their respective Representatives with respect to cooperation in connection with the arrangement of the Debt Financing and no other provision of this Agreement (including the Exhibits and Disclosure Letters hereto) shall be deemed to expand or modify such obligations.
(c) All non-public or otherwise confidential information regarding Impax or its Subsidiaries obtained by Amneal or its Representatives pursuant to this Section 6.11 shall be kept confidential in accordance with the terms of the Confidentiality Agreement; provided , that notwithstanding the terms of the Confidentiality Agreement, Amneal and its Representatives may provide such information to their financing sources (including the Debt Financing Sources), potential sources of capital, and to rating agencies and prospective lenders and investors during marketing of the Debt Financing, subject to customary confidentiality arrangements with such persons regarding such information.
 Section 6.12 Stock Exchange Delisting and Deregistration . Impax and Amneal will cooperate and use their respective reasonable best efforts to cause the delisting of the shares of Impax Common Stock from the NASDAQ Global Select Market and the deregistration of such shares under the Exchange Act as promptly as practicable following the Closing in compliance with applicable Law.
 Section 6.13 New York Stock Exchange Listing . Prior to the Closing, Impax and Amneal shall use reasonable best efforts to cause the shares of Class A Common Stock to be issued in connection with the Holdco Share Issuances to be approved for listing on the NYSE under the ticker symbol AMRX (or if such ticker symbol becomes unavailable, such other ticker symbol as may be agreed upon in writing by the parties), including by submitting prior to the Closing an initial listing application with the NYSE (the “ NYSE Listing Application ”) with respect to such shares, subject to official notice of issuance. Each of Amneal and Impax shall promptly furnish all information concerning itself and its Affiliates as may be reasonably requested by the other party and shall otherwise reasonably assist and cooperate with the other in connection with the preparation, filing and distribution of the NYSE Listing Application. Each of Amneal and Impax will use their respective reasonable best efforts to (i) cause the NYSE Listing Application, when filed, to comply in all material respects with all legal requirements applicable thereto, (ii) respond as promptly as reasonably practicable to and resolve all comments received from the NYSE or its staff concerning the NYSE Listing Application and (iii) have the NYSE Listing Application approved by the NYSE as promptly as practicable after such filing. No submission of, or amendment or supplement to, the NYSE Listing Application, or response to NYSE comments with respect thereto, will be made by Amneal or Impax, as applicable, without the other’s prior consent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed) and without providing the other party a reasonable opportunity to review and comment thereon. Amneal or Impax, as applicable, will promptly notify the other upon the receipt of any comments from the NYSE or any request from the NYSE for amendments or supplements to the NYSE Listing Application and will, as promptly as practicable after receipt thereof, provide the other with copies of all material correspondence between it and its Representatives, on the one hand, and the NYSE, on the other hand, and all written comments with respect to the NYSE Listing Application received from the NYSE and advise the other on any oral comments with respect to the NYSE Listing Application received from the NYSE. Impax will advise Amneal, promptly after Holdco receives notice thereof, of the time of the approval of the NYSE Listing Application and the approval of the shares of Class A Common Stock to be issued in connection with the Holdco Share Issuances for listing on the NYSE, subject only to official notice of issuance.
 Section 6.14 Section 16 Matters . Prior to the Closing, Impax and Holdco shall take all such steps as may be reasonably necessary or appropriate to cause any dispositions of Impax Common Stock (including derivative
 
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securities with respect to Impax Common Stock) or acquisitions of Holdco Common Stock (including derivative securities with respect to Holdco Common Stock) resulting from the Transactions by each individual who is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act with respect to Impax or Holdco, to be exempt under Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act.
 Section 6.15 ISRA Compliance . Amneal and Impax acknowledge that the Transactions, including additional actions that may be contemplated to occur after the Closing, may require the parties thereto or their subsidiaries to comply with ISRA. If it is determined that ISRA compliance is required for the Transactions contemplated under this Agreement, each of Impax and Amneal shall provide to the other party documentation reasonably acceptable to the other that is sufficient to establish that the Closing complies with the requirements of ISRA, which may include, for any of the subject facilities, either (i) a Response Action Outcome (as defined by ISRA) letter, (ii) a NJDEP-approved de minimis quantity exemption under N.J. Admin Code §7.26B-5-9, (iii) an NJDEP-approved Remediation in Progress Waiver (as defined by ISRA), or (iv) a remediation certification, with a Remediation Funding Source (as defined by ISRA). If a remediation certification has been filed for any ISRA subject facilities, the Subsidiary that is the owner, lessee or operator of the facility (or appropriate Amneal entity, as mutually agreed to by the parties) shall be designated as the responsible party for all future actions necessary to comply with ISRA. Amneal and Impax shall reasonably cooperate with all actions taken by the other party or its Subsidiaries in furtherance of their ISRA obligations under this Section 6.15 , including but not limited to signing any required certifications or submissions to NJDEP. If it is determined that ISRA compliance will be required for any post-closing actions, each of Impax and Amneal shall cooperate and cause its Subsidiaries to cooperate with the designated responsible party with regard to any actions required to comply with ISRA, including providing access to its facilities and record necessary for completion of site investigations, execution of required certifications, and completion and submission to NJDEP of such notices and applications as are reasonably necessary for the expeditious completion of the parties’ ISRA compliance obligations. It is understood that each party shall be responsible for its own ISRA compliance costs and expenses and that liability for site investigation or remediation, if any is required, shall remain the responsibility of the entity that is the owner, lessee or operator of the ISRA-subject property.
 Section 6.16 Certain Pre-Closing Actions .
(a) Amneal Pre-Closing Actions . Prior to the Closing, Amneal shall take all actions set forth on Section 6.16 of the Amneal Disclosure Letter (such actions, the “ Amneal Pre-Closing Actions ”); provided , that Section 6.16 of the Amneal Disclosure Letter may be amended or modified by Amneal with the prior written consent of Impax (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed). Immediately following the Recapitalization, Amneal shall cause each Existing Amneal Member to contribute its Amneal Units to Amneal Holdings, LLC in exchange for additional interests in Amneal Holdings, LLC (and shall cause the schedule of members to the Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement to be updated accordingly).
(b) Impax Pre-Closing Actions . Prior to the Closing, Impax shall take all actions set forth on Section 6.16 of the Impax Disclosure Letter (such actions, the “ Impax Pre-Closing Actions ”); provided , that Section 6.16 of the Impax Disclosure Letter may be amended or modified by Impax with the prior written consent of Amneal (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed).
 Section 6.17 Impax Director and Officer Resignations . At the Closing, Impax shall deliver to Amneal evidence reasonably satisfactory to Amneal of the resignation, effective at the Contribution Effective Time, of each director and officer of Impax in office as of immediately prior to the Impax Merger Effective Time.
 Section 6.18 Certain Tax Matters . None of Impax nor Amneal nor any of their respective Affiliates shall knowingly take any action or fail to take any reasonable action if such action or failure to act would be reasonably likely to prevent or impede (i) the Impax Merger and the LLC Conversion, taken together, from qualifying as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code and (ii) the Contribution from qualifying as an exchange to which Section 721(a) of the Code applies. The parties will report the transactions
 
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described in the preceding sentence in the manner set forth therein except to the extent otherwise required pursuant to a “determination” within the meaning of Section 1313(a) of the Code.
 Section 6.19 Treatment of Impax Convertible Notes; Convertible Note Hedge Transactions .
(a) Upon at least five (5) Business Days’ prior written notice from Amneal made not later than thirty (30) days prior to the anticipated Closing Date, Impax shall use its reasonable best efforts to if requested by Amneal, commence a stand-alone consent solicitation with respect to one or more covenants in the Impax Indenture, the primary purpose of which would be to facilitate the Transactions and the Ancillary Transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and which would include a covenant by Impax to tender for any and all outstanding Impax Convertible Notes promptly following the Closing Date (the “ Impax Liability Management Transaction ”). The Impax Liability Management Transaction will contain such customary terms and conditions as are reasonably requested by Amneal ( provided , that the consideration to be paid in connection therewith shall be determined by Amneal in its reasonable discretion) and an expiration date not later than one Business Day prior to the consummation of the offer to purchase the Impax Convertible Notes; provided , that (i) this Agreement shall have not been terminated in accordance with Article VIII and (ii) Impax shall have received from Amneal within such period all necessary and appropriate documentation in connection with the Impax Liability Management Transaction, including the consent solicitation statement and consent forms and other related documents (collectively, the “ Liability Management Documents ”), which shall be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Impax. Impax shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to promptly make any change to the terms and conditions of the Impax Liability Management Transaction reasonably requested by Amneal; provided that no extension of the expiration date shall occur without the prior written consent of Impax (which shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed to the extent that such extension would not reasonably be expected to cause a delay in or prevent the Closing). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the effectiveness of any proposed amendments to the Impax Indenture contemplated by the Impax Liability Management Transactions hall be conditioned upon the occurrence of the Closing and any proposed amendments to the Impax Indenture contemplated by the Impax Liability Management Transaction shall revert to the form in effect prior to the effectiveness of any proposed amendments and be of no further effect if this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Article VIII . Amneal shall only request Impax and its Subsidiaries to conduct the Impax Liability Management Transaction in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC, including Rule 14e-1 under the Exchange Act and the indenture relating to the Impax Convertible Notes. Amneal shall ensure that the Surviving Company shall have all funds necessary to pay any consideration required to be paid in connection with the Impax Liability Management Transaction.
(b) In the event that Impax commences the Impax Liability Management Transaction, Impax agrees that, promptly following any consent expiration date, assuming the requisite consents are received and the conditions set forth in the Impax Indenture have been satisfied, Impax shall execute a supplemental indenture to the Impax Indenture, which supplemental indenture shall implement the amendments set forth in the Liability Management Documents and shall become operative upon the Closing. Amneal shall provide, or cause to be provided, the requisite amount of funds to Impax for all payments to holders of Impax Convertible Notes in respect of any consents validly delivered and not revoked in accordance with the Impax Liability Management Transaction and, all other fees and expenses relating to the Impax Liability Management Transaction.
(c) Any Liability Management Documents (including all amendments or supplements thereto) and all mailings to the holders of the Impax Convertible Notes in connection with any Impax Liability Management Transaction shall be subject to the prior review of, and comment (which review and comment shall be made as promptly as reasonably practical) by, Impax and Amneal and shall be reasonably acceptable in form and substance to each of them. If, at any time prior to the completion of the Impax Liability Management Transaction, any information in the Liability Management Documents should be discovered by Impax, on the one hand, or Amneal, on the other, which should be set forth in an amendment or supplement thereto, so that they shall not contain any untrue statements of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of circumstances under which they are made,
 
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not misleading, the party that discovers such information shall promptly notify the other party in writing, and an appropriate amendment or supplement describing such information shall be disseminated by or on behalf of Impax to the holders of the Impax Convertible Notes. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 6.19 , Impax shall comply in all material respects with all Laws in connection with the Impax Liability Management Transaction. To the extent that the provisions of the Impax Indenture, the Impax Convertible Notes or of any Law conflict with this Section 6.19 , Impax shall comply with the Impax Indenture, the Impax Convertible Notes and applicable Law and in all material respects shall not be deemed to have breached its obligations hereunder by such compliance.
(d) Notwithstanding the foregoing: (A) neither Impax nor any of its Subsidiaries shall (1) be required to pay any fees in connection with the Impax Liability Management Transaction prior to the Closing; (2) have any liability or obligation under any agreement or any document related to the Impax Liability Management Transaction until the Closing occurs; (3) be required to incur any liability that is not expressly provided for herein in connection with the Impax Liability Management Transaction and not otherwise indemnified hereunder; (4) otherwise be required to take any action in violation or conflict with any of Impax or its Subsidiaries’ respective organizational documents or applicable Law; (5) be required to deliver opinions of external or internal counsel; (6) be required to provide access to or disclose information that would reasonably be expected to jeopardize attorney-client privilege or contravene Law or violate any Contract; (7) be required to waive or amend any terms of this Agreement or any other Contract to which Impax or its Subsidiaries is a party; (8) be required to provide any cooperation to the extent it would (x) cause any condition to Closing set forth in Article VII not to be satisfied or cause (y) a breach of this Agreement; (9) no material obligation of Impax or its Subsidiaries under any document, agreement or any other contract relating to the Impax Liability Management Transaction shall be operative prior to the Closing; and (B) notwithstanding the above, all corporate, limited liability or other organizational actions shall be deemed to become effective only if and when the Closing occurs, and shall only be taken by, the board of directors of Impax and its Subsidiaries or other governing body of Impax and its Subsidiaries as constituted after giving effect to the Closing.
(e) Amneal shall indemnify and hold harmless Impax and its Subsidiaries, and their respective officers, employees and Representatives, from and against any and all liabilities or losses suffered or incurred by them in connection with the Impax Liability Management Transaction and any information utilized in connection therewith, except in the event such liabilities or losses arose out of or result from (i) the willful misconduct, gross negligence or bad faith of Impax and its Subsidiaries or (ii) historical information furnished in writing by or on behalf of Impax and its Subsidiaries expressly for inclusion in any marketing materials. If this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Article VIII , Amneal shall, promptly upon request by Impax, reimburse Impax and its Subsidiaries for all reasonable and documents out-of-pocket costs incurred by the Company and its Subsidiaries (including those of its Affiliates and Representatives) in connection with taking action required or requested by Amneal pursuant to this Section 6.19 .
(f) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, it is expressly agreed by the parties hereto that the failure to obtain the consent of the holders of the Impax Convertible Notes in connection with any Impax Liability Management Transaction or the inability to redeem any of the Impax Convertible Notes on the Closing Date shall not be deemed to be a breach by Impax under this Agreement or otherwise delay the Closing; provided , that the foregoing is not intended to limit any rights or remedies that Amneal may have under this Agreement in the event of any applicable breach by Impax of any of its obligations set forth in this Section 6.19 . Furthermore, Impax shall have been deemed to perform all of its obligations under this Section 6.19 unless it materially breaches this Section 6.19 and such breach is a substantial cause of the Impax Liability Management Transaction not being consummated.
(g) Impax, Amneal and Holdco shall take all necessary action to execute and deliver to the Trustee (as defined in Impax Indenture) a supplemental indenture to the Impax Indenture, in form reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee and Amneal, pursuant to the terms of the Impax Indenture, to provide that on and after the Closing, each holder of the Impax Convertible Notes shall have the right to convert such Impax Convertible Notes into the
 
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conversion consideration determined by reference to the consideration receivable upon consummation of the Impax Merger in respect of each share of Impax Common Stock in accordance with, and subject to, the provisions of the Impax Indenture (including any applicable increase in the “Conversion Rate” or decrease in the “Conversion Price” (each as defined in the Impax Indenture) thereunder in connection with the Impax Merger) in each case in accordance with, and subject to the Impax Indenture (including without limitation the time periods specified therein), as a result of the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the Transactions. Impax shall provide Amneal and its Representatives reasonable opportunity to review and comment on any material written notice or material communication to or with holders of the Impax Convertible Notes or with the Trustee under the Impax Indenture at least two (2) Business Days prior to the dispatch or making thereof, and Impax shall give reasonable and good faith consideration to any comments made by Amneal or its Representatives.
(h) Impax will use commercially reasonable efforts to cooperate with Amneal to obtain the consent of Royal Bank of Canada (the “ Call Spread Dealer ”) to terminate the Convertible Note Hedge Transaction at or as promptly as practicable following the Closing. Impax will use commercially reasonable efforts to involve Amneal in connection with any discussions, negotiations or communications, and Impax will involve Amneal in connection with any agreements, with the Call Spread Dealer or any of its Affiliates (including each other counterparty to the Convertible Note Hedge Transactions) with respect to any determination, adjustment, cancellation, termination, exercise, settlement or computation in connection with the Convertible Note Hedge Transactions, including with respect to any cash amounts and/or shares of Impax Common Stock that may be receivable, issuable, deliverable or payable by Impax pursuant to the Convertible Note Hedge Transactions or any adjustments of the terms thereof, and Impax will give prior notice to Amneal of any such discussions, negotiations, communications or agreements; provided that if such prior notice is not reasonably practicable, Impax shall give Amneal notice of any such discussions, negotiations, communications or agreements promptly after such discussions, negotiations, communications or agreements, with a description in reasonable detail thereof. Impax (i) prior to the Closing, will not, and will cause its Representatives not to, without Amneal’s prior written consent, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned (x) make any amendments, modifications or other changes to the terms of, or agree to any adjustment under or amounts due upon termination, cancellation or early settlement of, the Convertible Note Hedge Transactions, or (y) exercise any right it may have to terminate, or cause the early settlement or cancellation of, any of the Convertible Note Hedge Transactions and (ii) will keep Amneal fully informed of all discussions and negotiations relating to the foregoing. Impax will use commercially reasonable efforts to timely take all such other actions as may be required in accordance with, and subject to, the terms of the Convertible Note Hedge Transactions, including delivery of any notices or other documents or instruments required to give effect to the foregoing or in connection with the consummation of the Transactions, each of which will be so delivered substantially in the form previously provided to Amneal for Amneal’s review other than to address comments provided by Amneal or its Representatives. In addition, Impax will promptly (and, in any event, within one Business Day) provide to Amneal a copy of any written notice received from the Call Spread Dealer in connection with the Convertible Note Hedge Transactions (including any written notice with respect to any determination, adjustment, cancellation, termination, exercise, settlement or computation in connection with the Convertible Note Hedge Transactions). For the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein this Agreement shall prohibit Impax from settling upon conversion of the Impax Convertible Notes in accordance with the terms of the Impax Indenture and complying with the terms of the Convertible Note Hedge Transactions in connection therewith and nothing herein shall require Impax to effect a termination or settlement of the Convertible Note Hedge Transactions prior to the Closing.
 
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 ARTICLE VII
CONDITIONS PRECEDENT
 Section 7.01 Conditions to Each Party’s Obligation to Effect the Transactions . The respective obligation of each party to effect the Transactions is subject to the satisfaction or waiver on or prior to the Closing Date of the following conditions:
(a) Impax Stockholder Approval . The Impax Stockholder Approval shall have been obtained.
(b) Antitrust . (i) The waiting period (and any extension thereof) applicable to the consummation of the Transactions under the HSR Act shall have expired or been terminated and (ii) any waiting period or approval or authorization required to be obtained from any Governmental Authority under any other applicable Competition Law for the consummation of the Transactions shall have been expired or been obtained, as applicable.
(c) N o Injunctions or Restraints . (i) No Law shall have been enacted or promulgated by any Governmental Authority of competent jurisdiction which prohibits or makes illegal the consummation of the Transactions and (ii) no Governmental Authority shall have issued an order or injunction or taken any other action enjoining or otherwise prohibiting the consummation of the Transactions which remains pending (collectively, “ Restraints ”).
(d) Registration Statement . The Registration Statement shall have been declared effective under the Securities Act. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement shall be in effect, and no proceedings for purposes of suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement shall have been initiated or be threatened by the SEC.
(e) Listing . The shares of Class A Common Stock to be issued in connection with the Holdco Share Issuances shall have been approved for listing on the NYSE, subject only to official notice of issuance.
(f) Ancillary Agreements . Each of the Ancillary Agreements shall have been duly executed and delivered by each party thereto.
 Section 7.02 Conditions to Obligation of Amneal . The obligation of Amneal to effect the Transactions is further subject to the satisfaction or waiver on or prior to the Closing Date of the following conditions:
(a) Representations and Warranties . Each of (i) the representations and warranties of Impax set forth in the first and fourth sentences of Section 3.01 , and in Section 3.02 , Section 3.03 , Section 3.05(b) , and Section 3.23 shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing Date (except that such representations and warranties that by their terms speak specifically as of the date of this Agreement or another date shall be true and correct in all respects as of such date), (ii) the representations and warranties of Impax set forth in Section 3.04(a) , Section 3.05(a) , Section 3.25 , Section 3.26 , Section 3.27 and Section 3.28 shall be true and correct in all respects as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing Date (except that such representations and warranties that by their terms speak specifically as of the date of this Agreement or another date shall be true and correct in all respects as of such date) and (iii) the other representations and warranties of Impax set forth in this Agreement shall be true and correct (without giving effect to any qualification as to materiality or Impax Material Adverse Effect contained in Article III ) as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing Date as though made at and as of the Closing (except that such representations and warranties that by their terms speak specifically as of the date of this Agreement or another date shall be true and correct as of such date), except where any failures of any such representations and warranties covered by clause (iii) to be true and correct would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect, and Amneal shall have received a certificate signed on behalf of Impax by the Chief Executive Officer or the Chief Financial Officer of Impax to the foregoing effect.
(b) Performance of Obligations of Impax . Impax shall have performed in all material respects all obligations required to be performed by it under this Agreement at or prior to the Closing Date, and Amneal shall have received a certificate signed on behalf of Impax by the Chief Executive Officer or the Chief Financial Officer of Impax to the foregoing effect.
 
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(c) No Impax Material Adverse Effect . Since the date of this Agreement, there shall not have been any change, effect, event, circumstance, occurrence or state of facts that has had or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect.
 Section 7.03 Conditions to Obligation of Impax and Holdco . The obligation of Impax to effect the Transactions is further subject to the satisfaction or waiver on or prior to the Closing Date of the following conditions:
(a) Representations and Warranties . Each of (i) the representations and warranties of Amneal set forth in the first and fourth sentences of Section 4.01 , and in Section 4.02 , Section 4.03 , Section 4.05(b) and Section 4.23 shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing Date (except that such representations and warranties that by their terms speak specifically as of the date of this Agreement or another date shall be true and correct in all material respects as of such date), (ii) the representations and warranties of Amneal set forth in Section 4.04(a) , Section 4.05(a) and Section 4.24 shall be true and correct in all respects as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing Date (except that such representations and warranties that by their terms speak specifically as of the date of this Agreement or another date shall be true and correct in all material respects as of such date) and (iii) the other representations and warranties of Amneal set forth in this Agreement shall be true and correct (without giving effect to any qualification as to materiality or Amneal Material Adverse Effect contained in Article IV ) as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of the Closing (except that such representations and warranties that by their terms speak specifically as of the date of this Agreement or another date shall be true and correct as of such date), except where any failures of any such representations and warranties covered by clause (iii) to be true and correct would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect, and Impax shall have received a certificate signed on behalf of Amneal by the Chief Executive Officer or the Chief Financial Officer of Amneal to the foregoing effect.
(b) Performance of Obligations of Amneal . Amneal shall have performed in all material respects all obligations required to be performed by it under this Agreement at or prior to the Closing Date, and Impax shall have received a certificate signed on behalf of Amneal by the Chief Executive Officer or the Chief Financial Officer of Amneal to the foregoing effect.
(c) No Amneal Material Adverse Effect . Since the date of this Agreement, there shall not have been any change, effect, event, circumstance, occurrence or state of facts that has had or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Amneal Material Adverse Effect.
(d) Amneal Debt . As of the Closing, the aggregate indebtedness for borrowed money under the Existing Credit Facilities of Amneal and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis shall not exceed $1,600,000,000.
(e) Amneal Pre-Closing Actions . All Amneal Pre-Closing Actions shall have been consummated prior to the Closing.
 Section 7.04 Frustration of Closing Conditions . None of Impax or Amneal may rely on the failure of any condition set forth in Section 7.01 , Section 7.02 or Section 7.03 , as the case may be, to be satisfied if such failure was caused by such party’s failure to use its reasonable best efforts to consummate the Transactions, as required by and subject to Section 6.04 .
 ARTICLE VIII
TERMINATION
 Section 8.01 Termination . This Agreement may be terminated at any time prior to the Closing, whether before or after receipt of the Impax Stockholder Approval (unless otherwise specified below):
 
 	(a)	by mutual written consent of Amneal and Impax;	
 
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 	(b)	by either Amneal or Impax if:	
(i) the Transactions shall not have been consummated on or before midnight New York City time on the later of (A) July 17, 2018 and (B) the seventy-fifth (75th) day following the date on which the Registration Statement shall have been declared effective under the Securities Act (the “ Outside Date ”); provided , that the Outside Date shall not be later than October 17, 2018; provided , further , that the right to terminate this Agreement under this Section 8.01(b)(i) shall not be available to any party whose action or failure to act has been the primary cause of or resulted in the failure of the Transactions to be consummated on or before such date;
(ii) any Restraint having the effect of permanently restraining, enjoining or otherwise prohibiting the Transactions shall be in effect and shall have become final and non-appealable; provided , however , that the right to terminate this Agreement under this Section 8.01(b)(ii) shall not be available to any party if such party (and in the case of Impax, if Holdco or Merger Sub) has not complied in all material respects with its obligations under Section 6.04 ; or
(iii) if the Impax Stockholder Approval shall not have been obtained at the Impax Stockholder Meeting duly convened therefor or at any adjournment or postponement thereof;
 
 	(c)	by Amneal if:	
(i) Impax shall have breached or failed to perform any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements set forth in this Agreement (other than those set forth in Section 5.02 ), which breach or failure to perform (A) would give rise to the failure of a condition set forth in Section 7.02(a) or Section 7.02(b) and (B) is incapable of being cured or is not cured by Impax by the earlier of (1) thirty (30) days following receipt of written notice from Amneal of such breach or failure to perform and (2) the Outside Date;
(ii) prior to the time the Impax Stockholder Approval is obtained, the Impax Board shall have effected a Change of Recommendation.
(iii) Impax shall have materially breached any of its covenants set forth in Section 5.02 ;
(iv) following the public announcement of a Competing Proposal (other than by the commencement by a third party of a tender offer or exchange offer for equity securities of Impax subject to Regulation 14D under the Exchange Act), the Impax Board shall have failed to publicly reaffirm the Impax Board Recommendation and publicly recommend the rejection of such Competing Proposal within ten (10) Business Days after receipt of a written request by Amneal for such public reaffirmation and recommendation (the “ Reaffirmation Date ”) (it being understood and agreed that if Impax shall have furnished a Notice of Superior Proposal Action on or prior to such tenth (10 th ) Business Day, then the Reaffirmation Date shall be the later of (A) such tenth (10 th ) Business Day and (B) the first Business Day following the lapse of the later of (I) the ninety-six (96) hour period following delivery of such Notice of Superior Proposal Action and (II) such later period, if any, mandated by the last parenthetical phrase in Section 5.02(e)(y) ); or
(v) following the commencement by a third party of a tender offer or exchange offer for equity securities of Impax subject to Regulation 14D under the Exchange Act, the Impax Board shall have failed to recommend in a Solicitation/Recommendation Statement on Schedule 14D-9, against acceptance by Impax’s stockholders of such tender offer or exchange offer on or prior to the tenth (10 th ) Business Day following such commencement;
 
 	(d)	by Impax:	
(i) if Amneal shall have breached or failed to perform any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements set forth in this Agreement, which breach or failure to perform (A) would give rise to the failure of a condition set forth in Section 7.03(a) or Section 7.03(b) and (B) is incapable of being cured or is not cured by Amneal by the earlier of (1) thirty (30) days following receipt of written notice from Impax of such breach or failure to perform and (2) the Outside Date; or
 
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(ii) pursuant to Section 5.02(d) ; provided , that Impax pays the Termination Fee to Amneal in accordance with Section 8.02 .
Any proper termination of this Agreement pursuant to this Section 8.01 shall be effective immediately upon the delivery of written notice of such termination by the terminating party to the other party.
 Section 8.02 Termination Fees .
 
 	(a)	In the event that:	
(i) (A) this Agreement is terminated by Amneal or Impax pursuant to Section 8.01(b)(i) or Section 8.01(b)(iii) , (B) at any time after the date of this Agreement and prior to the date of such termination (in the case of a termination pursuant to Section 8.01(b)(i) ) or the Impax Stockholder Meeting (in the case of a termination pursuant to Section 8.01(b)(iii) ) a Competing Proposal has been publicly announced or otherwise made publicly known by any person (other than by Amneal) and, in either case, not publicly withdrawn (and in the case of a termination pursuant to Section 8.01(b)(iii) , not publicly withdrawn prior to the Business Day prior to the date of the Impax Stockholder Meeting) and (C) Impax enters into a definitive agreement providing for a Competing Proposal (and subsequently consummates such Competing Proposal), or consummates a Competing Proposal, in each case, within twelve (12) months of such termination ( provided , that for purposes of this Section 8.02(a)(i) , the reference to “20%” in the definition of Competing Proposal shall be deemed to be “50%”), then within two (2) Business Days of such consummation, Impax shall pay to Amneal the Termination Fee by wire transfer in immediately available funds to an account specified in writing by Amneal;
(ii) this Agreement is terminated by Impax pursuant to Section 8.01(d)(ii) , then prior to or simultaneously with such termination, Impax shall pay to Amneal the Termination Fee by wire transfer in immediately available funds to an account specified in writing by Amneal; or
(iii) this Agreement is terminated by Amneal pursuant to Section 8.01(c)(ii) , Section 8.01(c)(iii) , Section 8.01(c)(iv) or Section 8.01(c)(v) , then within two (2) Business Days of such termination, Impax shall pay to Amneal the Termination Fee by wire transfer in immediately available funds to an account specified in writing by Amneal.
(b) (i) if this Agreement is terminated by Impax or Amneal pursuant to Section 8.01(b)(iii) , then Impax shall reimburse Amneal for all reasonable out-of-pocket fees and expenses incurred by Amneal in connection with this Agreement and the Transactions (such expenses, collectively, the “ Third Party Expenses ”), up to a maximum of $15,000,000, by wire transfer of same-day funds within two (2) Business Days following the date on which Amneal submits to Impax true and correct copies of reasonable documentation supporting such Third Party Expenses.
(c) The parties hereto expressly acknowledge and agree that (i) the agreements contained in this Section 8.02 are an integral part of the Transactions, (ii) without these agreements, the parties would not enter into this Agreement, (iii) the payments required pursuant to this Section 8.02 are not penalties, but rather are liquidated damages in a reasonable amount that will compensate Amneal in the circumstances in which such payments are payable for the efforts and resources expended and opportunities foregone while negotiating this Agreement and in reliance on this Agreement and on the expectation of the consummation of the Transactions, which amount would otherwise be impossible to calculate with precision and (iv) the amount of the Termination Fee, if and as applicable, is fair, after taking into account the value of the Transactions and all the costs and expenses already incurred by the parties before entering into this Agreement. In no event shall Impax be required to pay Amneal more than one Termination Fee, if and as applicable, pursuant to this Section 8.02 .
(d) The parties hereto expressly acknowledge and agree that: (i) upon any valid termination of this Agreement where the Termination Fee becomes due and payable, the payment of the Termination Fee pursuant
 
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to Section 8.02(a) shall be in full and complete satisfaction of any and all monetary damages of Amneal and its Affiliates, and their respective directors, officers and other Representatives, arising out of or related to this Agreement or the Transactions, including as a result of any breach of this Agreement, the termination of this Agreement, the failure to consummate the Transactions, and any claims or actions under applicable Law arising out of such breach, termination or failure; and (ii) in no event shall Amneal or its Affiliates, or any of their respective directors, officers or other Representatives, be entitled to seek or obtain any recovery or judgment in excess of the Termination Fee (plus, in the case the Termination Fee is not timely paid, the amounts described in Section 8.02(e) ) against Impax, its Subsidiaries and any of its or their respective directors, officers and other Representatives; provided , that, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 8.02(d) , payment by Impax of the Termination Fee pursuant to Section 8.02(a) shall not relieve Impax from any liability or damage resulting from fraud or any willful and material breach of this Agreement; provided , however , that such Termination Fee shall be credited towards any future award of damages awarded to Amneal pursuant to any claim based on fraud or any willful and material breach of this Agreement.
(e) If Impax fails promptly to pay any amount due pursuant to this Section 8.02 and, in order to obtain such payment, Amneal commences a suit that results in a judgment against Impax for any such amount, Impax shall pay to Amneal its reasonable costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses) incurred in connection with such suit, together with interest on such amount from the date such amount was required to be paid until the date of payment at the prime rate as published in The Wall Street Journal in effect on the date such amount was required to be paid.
 Section 8.03 Effect of Termination . In the event of termination of this Agreement by either Impax or Amneal as provided in Section 8.01 , this Agreement shall forthwith become void and have no effect, without any liability or obligation on the part of Amneal or Impax, other than the provisions of the penultimate sentence of Section 6.03 , Section 6.06 , Section 6.11(b)(ii) , Section 6.19(e) , Section 6.19(f) , Section 8.02 , this Section 8.03 and Article IX , which provisions shall survive such termination; provided , however , that nothing herein shall relieve any party from any liability for fraud or any willful and material breach of this Agreement.
 Section 8.04 Procedure for Termination . A termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 8.01 shall, in order to be effective, require, in the case of Amneal or Impax, action by the Amneal Board or the Impax Board, as applicable.
 ARTICLE IX
GENERAL PROVISIONS
 Section 9.01 Nonsurvival of Representations and Warranties . None of the representations and warranties in this Agreement or in any instrument delivered pursuant to this Agreement shall survive the Closing. This Section 9.01 shall not limit any covenant or agreement of the parties which by its terms contemplates performance after the Closing.
 
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 Section 9.02 Notices . Except for notices that are specifically required by the terms of this Agreement to be delivered orally, all notices, requests, claims, demands and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given, delivered and/or provided (a) when delivered personally, by facsimile (which is confirmed by a printed confirmation produced by the sending machine) or by e-mail of a .pdf attachment (for which a confirmation email is obtained), or (b) on the next Business Day when dispatched for overnight delivery by Federal Express or a similar courier, in either case, to the parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a party as shall be specified by like notice):
if to Amneal, to:
Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC
400 Crossing Boulevard, Third Floor
Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
Facsimile No.: (908) 947-3144
Attn: Sheldon Hirt, Senior Vice President, General Counsel
Email: shirt@amneal.com
with copies to:
Latham & Watkins LLP
885 3rd Ave.
New York, NY 10022
Facsimile No.: (212) 751-4864
Attention: Charles K. Ruck; R. Scott Shean
Email: charles.ruck@lw.com; scott.shean@lw.com
if to Impax, to:
Impax Laboratories, Inc.
31047 Genstar Road
Hayward, CA 94544
Facsimile No.: (510) 240-6096
Attention: General Counsel
Email: MSchlossberg@impaxlabs.com
with a copy to:
Sullivan & Cromwell LLP
125 Broad Street
New York, NY 10004
Facsimile No.: (212) 291-9004; (212) 291-9076
Attention: Francis J. Aquila; Matthew G. Hurd
Email: aquilaf@sullcrom.com; hurdm@sullcrom.com
 Section 9.03 Definitions . For purposes of this Agreement:
“ Acceptable Confidentiality Agreement ” means a confidentiality agreement that contains confidentiality provisions applicable to the relevant person that has made a Competing Proposal that are no less favorable in the aggregate to Impax than those contained in the Confidentiality Agreement, it being understood that such confidentiality agreement need not prohibit the making or amendment of a Competing Proposal.
“ Affiliate ”, with respect to any person, means another person that directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such first person.
“ Amneal Equity Award ” means any interests or rights that are linked to the value of Amneal LLC Interests or membership interests in Amneal Holdings, LLC or any of its Subsidiaries granted under the Amneal Plans.
 
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“ Amneal Equity Secondary ” means a privately negotiated sale (to one or more purchasers in transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act) of up to 60,000,000 Amneal Units (or shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon the exchange thereof) in the aggregate pursuant to commitments negotiated and executed between the Amneal Group Representative and such purchasers prior to the Closing.
“ Amneal Group Representative ” means Amneal Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and its successors and assigns.
“ Amneal LLC Interest ” means a limited liability company interest of Amneal.
“ Amneal LLC Operating Agreement ” means the Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Amneal, dated as of May 1, 2015, as amended to date.
“ Amneal Material Adverse Effect ” means any change, effect, event, circumstance, occurrence or state of facts that (a) is materially adverse to the business, condition (financial or otherwise), assets or results of operations of Amneal and its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole), or (b) prevents or materially impairs or materially delays the ability of Amneal and its Subsidiaries, as applicable, to consummate the Transactions, other than in the case of clause (a), any change, effect, event, circumstance, occurrence or state of facts to the extent relating to (i) changes in general economic conditions or the credit, financial or capital markets, including changes in interest or exchange rates; (ii) changes in general conditions in any industry in which Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries operates or participates; (iii) the announcement, pendency or anticipated consummation of the Transactions; (iv) any failure, in and of itself, by Amneal to meet any analyst projections or any internal or published projections, forecasts, estimates or predictions of revenue, earnings or other financial or operating metrics before, on or after the date of this Agreement ( provided , that the underlying factors contributing to such failure shall not be deemed excluded unless such underlying factors would otherwise be excepted from this definition); (v) changes in general regulatory or political conditions after the date of this Agreement; (vi) changes in GAAP or applicable Law or the interpretation thereof after the date of this Agreement; (vii) actions taken by Amneal and its Subsidiaries, as applicable, as expressly required by this Agreement; (viii) any natural or man-made disaster; (ix) any pandemic, act of terrorism, sabotage, military action or war, or any escalation or worsening thereof or (x) solely for purposes of the condition set forth in Section 7.03(c) , any matter expressly disclosed in the Amneal Disclosure Letter; provided that with respect to clauses (i), (ii), (v), (vi), (viii) and (ix), such change, effect, event, circumstance, occurrence or state of facts does not disproportionately adversely affect Amneal compared to other companies operating in the industry in which Amneal operates.
“ Amneal Material Subsidiaries ” means each Subsidiary of Amneal set forth on Section 9.03(a) of the Amneal Disclosure Letter.
“ Amneal Member ” means a holder of limited liability company interests in Amneal, who has been admitted to Amneal as a member thereof pursuant to the terms of the Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement.
“ Amneal Units ” means Common Units (as defined in the Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement).
“ Ancillary Agreements ” means the Stockholders Agreement, the Tax Receivable Agreement, the Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement, and the Contribution Agreement.
“ Ancillary Transactions ” means the transactions contemplated by each of the Ancillary Agreements.
“ Black Scholes Value ” means, with respect to any Impax Option, the value of the unexercised portion of such Impax Option based on the Black and Scholes Option Pricing Model obtained from the “OV” function of Bloomberg using (A) a risk-free interest rate corresponding to the rate on U.S. Treasury securities with a maturity date corresponding to the number of years remaining in the term of such Impax Option as of the Closing Date, (B) an expected volatility equal to the 180-day volatility obtained from the HVT function on Bloomberg as
 
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of the Impax Measurement Date, (C) an underlying price per share equal to the Impax Measurement Price and (D) a remaining term of such Impax Option equal to the time between the Closing Date and the expiration date of such Impax Option (for the avoidance of doubt, for purposes of (A) and (D), without taking into account any shortened exercise period of such Impax Option due to termination of employment at or following the Closing).
“ Bloomberg ” means Bloomberg Financial Markets.
“ Business Day ” means a day, other than a Saturday, a Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in New York, New York are authorized or required by Law to close.
“ Code ” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
“ Competing Proposal ” means any inquiry, proposal or offer made by any person (other than Amneal or any of its Affiliates) or “group,” within the meaning of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act (other than one including Amneal or any of its Affiliates), for, in a single transaction or series of related transactions, any (i) acquisition of assets of Impax and its Subsidiaries equal to twenty percent (20%) or more (based on the fair market value thereof) of Impax’s consolidated assets (including capital stock of the Subsidiaries of Impax), taken as a whole, or to which twenty percent (20%) or more of Impax’s revenues on a consolidated basis are attributable, (ii) acquisition of twenty percent (20%) or more of the outstanding Impax Common Stock, (iii) tender offer or exchange offer that if consummated would result in any person or “group” beneficially owning, directly or indirectly, twenty percent (20%) or more of the outstanding Impax Common Stock or (iv) any merger, consolidation, share exchange, business combination, recapitalization, liquidation, dissolution, equity investment, joint venture or similar transaction involving Impax or any of its Subsidiaries pursuant to which any person or “group” would own, directly or indirectly, (x) twenty percent (20%) or more of the outstanding Impax Common Stock or the surviving entity in a merger or the resulting direct or indirect parent of Impax or such surviving entity or (y) businesses or assets (including capital stock of the Subsidiaries of Impax) that constitute twenty percent (20%) or more of the consolidated revenues, net income or total assets of Impax and its Subsidiaries.
“ Competition Law ” means any domestic or foreign antitrust, competition and merger control Law that is applicable to the Transactions.
“ Contract ” means any binding written or oral agreement, deed, mortgage, lease, license, instrument, note, license, commitment, permit (other than a permit with a Governmental Authority) undertaking, arrangement or contract, including all amendments thereto.
“ Convertible Note Hedge Transactions ” means, collectively, (a) the base call option transaction confirmation and base call option side letter, each dated June 25, 2015, (b) the additional call option transaction confirmation and additional call option side letter, each dated June 26, 2015, (c) the base warrant transaction confirmation and base warrant side letter, each dated June 25, 2015, and (d) the additional warrant transaction confirmation and additional warrant side letter, each dated June 26, 2015, in each case, between Impax and Royal Bank of Canada.
“ DEA ” means the United States Drug Enforcement Administration.
“ Debt Financing ” means the debt financing incurred or intended to be incurred pursuant to the Debt Commitment Letter.
“ Debt Financing Parties ” means (a) the Debt Financing Sources and their respective Affiliates and (b) the former, current or future general or limited partners, shareholders, managers, members, directors, officers, employees, agents and representatives of the persons identified in clause (a), in each case, in their respective capacities as such.
 
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“ Debt Financing Sources ” means the persons, including the lenders that have committed to provide or arrange any Debt Financing or alternative debt financing in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including the parties named in the Debt Commitment Letter and any joinder agreements, note purchase agreements, indentures or credit agreements entered into pursuant thereto or relating thereto and, in each case, their respective successors and assigns.
“ Environmental Laws ” means all federal, state, local and foreign statutes, Laws, judicial decisions, regulations, ordinances, rules, judgments, orders, codes, injunctions, permits and governmental agreements relating to the protection of the environment, or human health and safety solely as it relates to occupational exposure to Hazardous Materials, including Laws relating to Releases or threatened Releases of Hazardous Materials into the indoor or outdoor environment (including ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land, surface and subsurface strata) or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, Release, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials but excluding for the avoidance of doubt Laws concerning products liability or FDA regulatory matters.
“ Environmental Liabilities ” means, with respect to any person, any and all liabilities of or relating to such person or any of its Subsidiaries (including any entity which is, in whole or in part, a predecessor of such person or any of such Subsidiaries), whether vested or unvested, contingent or fixed, including contractual, which arise under applicable Environmental Laws or with respect to Hazardous Materials exposure.
“ Executive Order ” means Executive Order No. 13224 on Terrorist Financing, effective September 24, 2001, and relating to Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions With Persons Who Commit, Threaten to Commit, or Support Terrorism.
“ Existing Amneal Member ” means the persons set forth on Section 9.03(b) of the Amneal Disclosure Letter.
“ Existing Credit Facilities ” means the Indebtedness set forth on Section 9.03(c) of the Amneal Disclosure Letter (with respect to Amneal and its Subsidiaries) or Section 9.03(c) of the Impax Disclosure Letter (with respect to Impax and its Subsidiaries).
“ FDA ” means the United States Food and Drug Administration.
“ Fully Diluted Impax Share Number ” means, as of immediately prior to the Impax Merger Effective Time, the sum of (a) the number of shares of Impax Common Stock (excluding Impax Restricted Shares) outstanding, (b) the Net Settlement Impax Restricted Shares Number; (c) the quotient (rounded up to the nearest whole share) obtained by dividing (i) the aggregate Black Scholes Value of all outstanding Impax Options (whether or not such Impax Options are then exercisable and regardless of the exercise price of any such Impax Options) by (ii) the Impax Measurement Price, (d) if the conversion price of the Impax Convertible Notes is less than or equal to the Impax Measurement Price, the number of shares of Impax Common Stock into which the Impax Convertible Notes may be converted and (e) the number of shares of Impax Common Stock into which any outstanding convertible or exchangeable securities (other than Impax Options and the Impax Convertible Notes) may be converted or exchanged ( provided , that any applicable conversion or exchange price in connection with the conversion or exchange of such securities is less than or equal to the Impax Measurement Price).
“ Government Programs ” means Title XVIII (“ Medicare ”) and Title XIX (“ Medicaid ”) of the Social Security Act, CHAMPUS, TRICARE and any other federal health care program, as defined in 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7b(f) or State health care program, as defined in 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7(h), or successor programs to any of the above.
“ Governmental Authority ” means any government, court, regulatory or administrative agency, commission or authority or other governmental instrumentality, federal, state or local, domestic, foreign or multinational, including any contractor acting on behalf of such agency, commission, authority or governmental instrumentality.
 
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“ Hazardous Material ” means all substances or materials regulated or designated as hazardous, toxic, explosive, dangerous, flammable, radioactive, solid or hazardous waste, or a pollutant or contaminant under any Environmental Law, including petroleum, petroleum products, or petroleum waste, asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls, mold, radon and any other substance regulated under Environmental Laws due to a potential for causing harm.
“ Healthcare Regulatory Authorizations ” means all approvals, clearances, authorizations, registrations, certifications, licenses and permits granted by any Healthcare Regulatory Authority, including all investigational new drug applications and new drug applications.
“ Holdco Share Issuances ” means (a) the issuance of shares of Class B Common Stock pursuant to Section 1.01(d) to each Existing Amneal Member and (b) the future issuances of Conversion Shares in accordance with the Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement.
“ Impax Convertible Notes ” means those certain 2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022, issued pursuant to the Impax Indenture.
“ Impax Indenture ” means the Indenture, dated as of June 30, 2015, between Impax and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee.
“ Impax Material Adverse Effect ” means any change, effect, event, circumstance, occurrence or state of facts that (a) is materially adverse to the business, condition (financial or otherwise), assets or results of operations of Impax and its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole), or (b) prevents or materially impairs or materially delays the ability of Impax and its Subsidiaries, as applicable, to consummate the Transactions, other than in the case of clause (a), any change, effect, event, circumstance, occurrence or state of facts to the extent relating to (i) changes in general economic conditions or the credit, financial or capital markets, including changes in interest or exchange rates; (ii) changes in general conditions in any industry in which Impax or any of its Subsidiaries operates or participates; (iii) the announcement, pendency or anticipated consummation of the Transactions; (iv) any failure, in and of itself, by Impax to meet any analyst projections or any internal or published projections, forecasts, estimates or predictions of revenue, earnings or other financial or operating metrics before, on or after the date of this Agreement ( provided , that the underlying factors contributing to such failure shall not be deemed excluded unless such underlying factors would otherwise be excepted from this definition); (v) changes in general regulatory or political conditions after the date of this Agreement; (vi) changes in GAAP or applicable Law or the interpretation thereof after the date of this Agreement; (vii) changes in the trading price or volume of the Impax Common Stock ( provided , that the underlying factors contributing to such change shall not be excluded unless such underlying factors would otherwise be excepted from this definition); (viii) actions taken by Impax and its Subsidiaries, as applicable, as expressly required by this Agreement; (ix) any natural or man-made disaster; (x) any pandemic, act of terrorism, sabotage, military action or war, or any escalation or worsening thereof or (xi) solely for purposes of the condition set forth in Section 7.02(c) , any matter expressly disclosed in the Impax Disclosure Letter or the Impax SEC Documents filed prior to the date hereof (and publicly available on the SEC’s Electronic Data Gathering Analysis and Retrieval system (but (A) without giving effect to any amendment thereof filed with, or furnished to the SEC on or after the date of this Agreement and (B) excluding any disclosure contained in such Impax SEC Documents under the heading “Risk Factors” or “Cautionary Statement About Forward-Looking Statements” or similar heading and any other disclosures contained or referenced therein of factors or risks that are predictive, cautionary or forward-looking in nature); provided that with respect to clauses (i), (ii), (v), (vi), (ix) and (x), such change, effect, event, circumstance, occurrence or state of facts does not disproportionately adversely affect Impax compared to other companies operating in the industry in which Impax operates.
“ Impax Material Subsidiaries ” means each Subsidiary of Impax set forth on Section 9.03(b) of the Impax Disclosure Letter.
“ Impax Measurement Date ” means the third complete trading day prior to (and excluding) the Closing Date.
 
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“ Impax Measurement Price ” means the closing price per share of Impax Common Stock on NASDAQ on the Impax Measurement Date (as reported by Bloomberg).
“ Impax Stockholders ” mean the holders of Impax Common Stock.
“ Indebtedness ” of any person means, without duplication, (i) all obligations of such person for borrowed money, (ii) all obligations of such person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or similar instruments, (iii) all obligations of such person under conditional sale or other title retention agreements relating to property acquired by such person, (iv) all obligations of such person in respect of the deferred purchase price of property or services (excluding (A) current accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business and (B) accruals for payroll and other liabilities accrued in the ordinary course of business), (v) the Existing Credit Facilities (including any accrued and unpaid interest thereon and any premiums, fees and expenses related to the repayment thereof) and all Indebtedness secured by (or for which the holder of such Indebtedness has an existing right, contingent or otherwise, to be secured by) any Lien on property owned or acquired by such person, whether or not the Indebtedness secured thereby has been assumed, (vi) all guarantees or collateral security by such person of Indebtedness of others (excluding guarantees or collateral security, as applicable, of Indebtedness in favor of Impax or any of its Subsidiaries), (vii) all capital lease obligations of such person, (viii) all obligations, contingent or otherwise, of such person as an account party in respect of letters of credit and letters of guaranty, (ix) all obligations, contingent or otherwise, of such person in respect of bankers’ acceptances, (x) all obligations under derivative financial instruments, including interest rate caps, swaps, collars or similar transactions or currency hedging transaction of such person (valued at the termination value thereof) and (xi) all accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on and all make-whole amounts, prepayment penalties, breakage fees and other exit fees paid or payable in the event that any of the foregoing is to be repaid or otherwise discharged and any similar costs and expenses. The Indebtedness of any person shall include the Indebtedness of any other entity (including any partnership in which such person is a general partner) to the extent such person is liable therefor as a result of such person’s ownership interest in or other relationship with such entity, except to the extent the terms of such Indebtedness provide that such person is not liable therefor.
“ Intellectual Property ” means any and all of the following in any and all jurisdictions throughout the world: (i) patents, patent applications and all reissues, divisions, renewals, extensions, provisionals, disclosures, continuations, substitutions, continuations-in-part additions, confirmations, registrations, patent rights under any post-grant proceedings, any confirmation patent or registration patent or patent of addition based on any such patent, patent term adjustments, patent term extensions, and supplemental protection certificates or requests for continued examinations, foreign counterparts, and the like of any of the foregoing; (ii) trademarks, service marks, trade dress, corporate names, logos and slogans, corporate common law trademarks and services marks other identifiers of source of goodwill, whether or not registered (and all translations, adaptations, derivations and combinations of the foregoing), and Internet domain names and domain name registrations, together with all goodwill associated with each of the foregoing; (iii) copyrights and copyrightable works, whether registered or unregistered; (iv) technology, models and methodologies, all technical information, know-how and data, including inventions (whether or not patentable), invention disclosures, improvements, drug candidates, trade secrets and other confidential information, specifications, instructions, processes, formulae and other technology applicable to formulations, compositions or products or to their manufacture, development, registration, use or marketing or to methods of assaying or testing them or processes for their manufacture, formulations containing them or compositions incorporating or comprising them, and including all biological, chemical, pharmacological, biochemical, toxicological, pharmaceutical, physical and analytical, safety, quality control, manufacturing, nonclinical and clinical data, regulatory data and filings, instructions, processes, formulae and information, relevant to the research, development, manufacture, use, importation, offering for sale or sale of, and/or which may be useful in studying, testing, developing, producing or formulating, products, or intermediates for the synthesis thereof, and in each case all documentation relating to any of the foregoing (“ Trade Secrets ”); and (v) computer software (including source code, executable code, data, databases, and documentation).
“ Intervening Event ” means an event, fact, circumstance, development or occurrence materially affecting the business, assets or operations of Amneal or Impax (other than any matter that relates to a Superior Proposal or
 
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one resulting from a material breach of this Agreement by Amneal or Impax) that is unknown to, and not reasonably foreseeable by, the Impax Board as of the date of this Agreement (or if known, the magnitude or material consequences of which were not known, understood or reasonably foreseeable by the Impax Board as of the date of this Agreement), which event, fact, circumstance, development, occurrence, magnitude or material consequence becomes known to or by the Impax Board prior to the date of the Impax Stockholder Meeting.
“ IRS ” means the Internal Revenue Service.
“ ISRA ” means the New Jersey Industrial Site Recovery Act, N.J. Stat. Ann.§ 13.1-et seq. and any regulations promulgated thereunder.
“ Knowledge ” of any person that is not an individual means, (i) with respect to Impax or Holdco regarding any matter in question, the actual (but not constructive or imputed) knowledge (after due inquiry of the officers of Impax with oversight responsibilities for the matter in question) of the individuals listed on Section 9.03(d) of the Impax Disclosure Letter and (ii) with respect to Amneal regarding any matter in question, the actual (but not constructive or imputed) knowledge (after due inquiry of the officers of Amneal with oversight responsibilities for the matter in question) of the individuals listed on Section 9.03(d) of the Amneal Disclosure Letter.
“ Laws ” means any laws (statutory, common or otherwise), constitutions, treaties, conventions, ordinances, codes, rules, regulations, orders, injunctions, judgments, decisions, decrees, rulings, assessments, orders, legally enforceable policies or other similar requirements enacted, adopted, promulgated or applied by a Governmental Authority.
“ Lien ” means any lien, security interest, deed of trust, mortgage, pledge, encumbrance, restriction on transfer, proxy, voting trust or agreement, hypothecation, assignment, claim, right of way, defect in title, encroachment, easement, restrictive covenant, charge, deposit arrangement, or preference, priority or other security agreement or preferential arrangement of any kind or nature whatsoever including any conditional sale or other title retention agreement, the interest of a lessor under a capital lease and any financing lease having substantially the same economic effect as any of the foregoing, and the filing of any financing statement under the Uniform Commercial Code or comparable Law of any jurisdiction naming the owner of the asset to which such lien relates as debtor, or any restriction on the creation of any of the foregoing.
“ NASDAQ ” means the NASDAQ Stock Market LLC.
“ Net Settlement Impax Restricted Shares Number ” means the number of Exchanged Impax Restricted Shares to be issued in exchange for the Impax Restricted Shares pursuant to Section 2.04(b) , assuming that Tax withholding with respect to vesting of the Impax Restricted Shares (at the statutory minimum withholding rate) is effectuated by net cashless settlement.
“ NJDEP ” means the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection.
“ NYSE ” means the New York Stock Exchange.
“ Paragraph IV Certification Notice ” means the notice of certification required by 21 U.S.C. § 355(b)(3) or 21 U.S.C. § 355(j)(2)(B).
“ Paragraph IV Proceeding ” means an infringement Litigation Proceeding filed pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 271(e)(2) with respect to a product.
“ Payoff Letters ” means one or more customary payoff letters relating to the Existing Credit Facilities is owed setting forth the amount of, or the formula for the determination of, the amount required to discharge in full all of such Indebtedness as of the Closing Date and the instructions for the payment of such Indebtedness and
 
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evidencing that upon payment of the amount set forth in such letter at Closing, such payment would result in the full repayment, satisfaction, release and discharge of all current and future obligations in respect of such Indebtedness owed to such person and all current and future Liens relating to such Indebtedness (subject to customary requirements including debt reinstatement).
“ Permitted Liens ” means (i) any liens for taxes not yet delinquent or which are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and for which appropriate reserves have been established in accordance with GAAP; (ii) carriers’, warehousemen’s, mechanics’, materialmen’s, repairmen’s or other similar liens arising or incurred in the ordinary course of business securing amounts that are not overdue for a period of more than sixty (60) days or the amount or validity of which is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings; (iii) pledges or deposits in connection with workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance and other social security legislation; (iv) easements, rights-of-way, restrictions and other similar non-monetary encumbrances that, in the aggregate, do not materially detract from the current use of the property subject thereto; (v) zoning, building or other restrictions, variances, restrictive covenants or declarations that are not materially violated by the current use or operation of the property subject thereto; (vi) licenses of Intellectual Property in the ordinary course of business; (vii) Liens securing any Indebtedness set forth in Section 9.03(e) of the Impax Disclosure Letter or Section 9.03(e) of the Amneal Disclosure Letter, as applicable; (viii) Liens described in, set forth in or securing the Amneal Leases or the Impax Leases, as applicable; (ix) non-monetary Liens or imperfections of title that have arisen in the ordinary course of business, which Liens or imperfections of title do not materially detract from the value, or otherwise materially interfere with the present use, of Impax Real Property, or Amneal Real Property, as applicable; (x) Liens or imperfections of title relating to liabilities reflected, or adequately reserved against, in the Amneal Financial Statements or the financial statements (including any related notes) contained in the Impax SEC Documents; (xi) Liens securing the Existing Credit Facilities, but solely to the extent such Liens are released at Closing; and (xii) such other non-monetary Liens as do not materially detract from the value, or otherwise materially interfere with the present use, of any of Impax’s, Amneal’s or any of their respective Subsidiaries’ fee or leasehold interest in Impax Real Property or Amneal Real Property, as applicable, or otherwise materially impair Impax’s, Amneal’s or any of their respective Subsidiaries’ business operations.
“ person ” means an individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, association, trust, unincorporated organization or other entity.
“ Prohibited Person ” means any person:
(i) listed in the Annex to, or is otherwise subject to the provisions of, the Executive Order;
(ii) that is owned or controlled by, or acting for or on behalf of, any person or entity that is listed in the Annex to, or is otherwise subject to the provisions of, the Executive Order;
(iii) with whom either party hereto is prohibited from dealing or otherwise engaging in any transaction by any terrorism or money laundering legal requirements, including the USA PATRIOT Act and the Executive Order;
(iv) that commits, threatens or conspires to commit or supports “terrorism” as defined in the Executive Order;
(v) that is named as a “specifically designated national” on the most current list published by the U.S. Treasury Department Office of Foreign Assets Control at its official website or at any replacement website or other replacement official publication of such list or is named on any other U.S. or foreign government or regulatory list issued post-September 11, 2001;
(vi) that is covered by the International Emergency Economic Power Act, 50 U.S.C. §1701 et. seq., the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Asset Control, or any other Law relating to the imposition of economic sanctions against any country, region or individual pursuant to United States law or United Nations resolution; or
 
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(vii) that is an affiliate (including any principal, officer, immediate family member or close associate) of a person described in one or more of clauses (i)—(vi) of this definition of Prohibited Person.
“ Proxy Statement/Prospectus ” means the definitive proxy statement/prospectus (including any amendment or supplement thereto) included in the Registration Statement relating to the matters to be submitted to Impax Stockholders for approval at the Impax Stockholder Meeting, which will also be used as a prospectus of Holdco with respect to the issuance of shares of Holdco Common Stock in connection with the Transactions (including the Conversion Shares).
“ Registration Statement ” means the registration statement on Form S-4 to be filed with the SEC (including any pre-effective or post-effective amendments or supplements thereto) registering the public offering and sale of shares of Holdco Common Stock to be issued in connection with the Transactions (including the Conversion Shares).
“ Release ” means any release, spill, emission, discharge, leaking, pumping, injection, deposit, disposal, dispersal, leaching or migration into the indoor or outdoor environment (including ambient air, surface water, groundwater and surface or subsurface strata) or into or out of any property.
“ Representatives ” means, with respect to any person, such person’s officers, directors, managers, employees, financing sources, consultants, agents, financial advisors, attorneys, accountants, other advisors, Affiliates and other representatives.
“ Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement ” means the Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Amneal attached as Exhibit H to this Agreement.
“ Stockholders Agreement ” means that certain Stockholders Agreement, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit I .
“ Subsidiary ”, with respect to any person, means (i) another person, an amount of the voting securities, other voting rights or voting partnership interests of which is sufficient to elect at least a majority of its board of directors or other governing body (or, if there are no such voting interests, 50% of the equity interests of which) is owned directly or indirectly by such first person or (ii) another person of which such first person or any of its Subsidiaries is a general partner, manager, managing member or the equivalent.
“ Superior Proposal ” a written Competing Proposal that the Impax Board has determined, after consultation with its outside legal counsel and financial advisor, in its good faith judgment, taking into account the conditionality, expected timing and likelihood of consummation of the proposal, this Agreement (including any changes or modifications to this Agreement or the Ancillary Agreements or the Transactions or the Ancillary Transactions offered by Amneal and capable of acceptance) and all other factors the Impax Board determines in good faith to be relevant, (i) is reasonably likely to be consummated, (iii) for which financing, if a cash transaction (in whole or in part), is then fully committed or is, in the judgment of the Impax Board, reasonably obtainable and (iii) if consummated, would result in a transaction more favorable to Impax Stockholders from a financial point of view than the Transactions; provided that for purposes of this definition of “ Superior Proposal ,” the references to “twenty percent (20%)” in the definition of Competing Proposal shall be deemed to be references to “fifty percent (50%).”
“ Tax ” or “ Taxes ” means all taxes, however denominated, including any interest, penalties, fines, fees, duties, charges, levies, assessments, reassessments or additions to taxes of any kind whatsoever that may become payable in respect thereof, imposed by any taxing authority under any Law, which taxes shall include, but not be limited to, all income, gross receipts, ad valorem, payroll, employee, withholding, employment, unemployment, social security, disability, profit, custom, duty, transfer duties, impact, hospital, health, profits, paid up capital, transfer, severance, environmental (including taxes under Section 59A of the Code), greenmail, licenses, value-
 
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added goods and services, sales, harmonized sales, anti-dumping, import, capital, insurance, social security, sales and use, capital gains, transfer, disability, leasing, occupation, excise, franchise, add-on minimum, alternative, net worth, service, real and personal property, stamp, registration, premium and workers’ compensation and any obligation with respect to any Law regarding escheat or unclaimed property, and shall include any liability for any such amounts as a result of (i) being a member of a combined, consolidated, unitary, affiliated or similar group, (ii) being a transferee of or successor to any person or (iii) a contractual obligation to indemnify any person.
“ Tax Receivable Agreement ” means that certain Tax Receivable Agreement, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit J .
“ Tax Return ” means any return, report, declaration, remittance, notice, schedule, form, election, estimate, information statement, claim for refund and return or other document (including any related or supporting information and any amendment to any of the foregoing and any sales and use and resale certificates) filed or required to be filed with any taxing authority with respect to Taxes.
“ Termination Fee ” means a cash amount in immediately available funds equal to $45,000,000.
“ Treasury Regulation ” means one or more Treasury regulations promulgated under the Code, whether such regulations are in proposed, temporary or final form, as such regulations may be amended from time to time (including corresponding provisions of succeeding regulations).
TABLE OF DEFINED TERMS

401(k) Plan	  	 	Section 6.09(d)	 	
Affected Employees	  	 	Section 6.09(a)	 	
Agreement	  	 	Preamble	 	
Alternative Financing	  	 	Section 6.11(a)(iii)	 	
Amended and Restated Holdco Bylaws	  	 	Section 1.01(a)(i)	 	
Amended and Restated Holdco Charter	  	 	Section 1.01(a)(i)	 	
Anti-Corruption Laws	  	 	Section 3.21(c)	 	
APHC	  	 	Recitals	 	
Amneal	  	 	Preamble	 	
Amneal Board	  	 	Recitals	 	
Amneal Disclosure Letter	  	 	Article IV	 	
Amneal Employees	  	 	Section 4.14(a)	 	
Amneal ERISA Affiliate	  	 	Section 4.14(e)	 	
Amneal Financial Statements	  	 	Section 4.07(a)	 	
Amneal Indemnified Parties	  	 	Section 6.05(a)	 	
Amneal Intellectual Property	  	 	Section 4.16(a)	 	
Amneal Labor Agreement	  	 	Section 4.19	 	
Amneal Lease	  	 	Section 4.17(i)	 	
Amneal Leased Real Property	  	 	Section 4.17(a)	 	
Amneal Material Contracts	  	 	Section 4.11(a)	 	
Amneal Owned Real Property	  	 	Section 4.17(a)	 	
Amneal Permits	  	 	Section 4.12(a)	 	
Amneal Plans	  	 	Section 4.14(a)	 	
Amneal Policies	  	 	Section 4.20	 	
Amneal Pre-Closing Actions	  	 	Section 6.16(a)	 	
Amneal Real Property	  	 	Section 4.17(a)	 	
Burdensome Condition	  	 	Section 6.04(c)	 	
Call Spread Dealer	  	 	Section 6.19(h)	 	
 
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Cancelled Shares	  	 	Section 2.01(b)	 	
Capitalization Date	  	 	Section 3.03(a)	 	
Certificate of Conversion	  	 	Section 1.01(b)(ii)	 	
Certificate of Formation	  	 	Section 1.01(b)(ii)	 	
Certificate of Merger	  	 	Section 1.01(a)(ii)	 	
Change of Recommendation	  	 	Section 5.02(c)	 	
Chosen Courts	  	 	Section 9.09(a)	 	
Class A Common Stock	  	 	Section 1.01(c)(i)	 	
Class B Common Stock	  	 	Section 1.01(d)	 	
Closing	  	 	Section 1.03	 	
Closing Date	  	 	Section 1.03	 	
COBRA	  	 	Section 3.14(h)	 	
Commercialization	  	 	Section 5.01(a)(viii)	 	
Competing Proposal Agreement	  	 	Section 5.02(a)	 	
Confidentiality Agreement	  	 	Section 6.03	 	
Contribution	  	 	Section 1.01(c)(i)	 	
Contribution Effective Time	  	 	Section 1.01(c)(ii)	 	
Conversion Effective Time	  	 	Section 1.01(b)(ii)	 	
Conversion Shares	  	 	Section 3.05(a)	 	
Debt Commitment Letter	  	 	Section 4.25(a)	 	
Debt Financing Commitments	  	 	Section 4.25(a)	 	
Definitive Agreements	  	 	Section 6.11(a)	 	
DGCL	  	 	Section 1.01(a)(ii)	 	
Disclosure Letters	  	 	Section 9.15	 	
DLLCA	  	 	Section 1.01(b)(i)	 	
ERISA	  	 	Section 3.14(a)	 	
Exchange Act	  	 	Section 3.06	 	
Exchange Agent	  	 	Section 2.03(a)	 	
Exchange Fund	  	 	Section 2.03(a)	 	
Exchanged Impax Option	  	 	Section 2.04(a)	 	
Exchanged Impax Restricted Share	  	 	Section 2.04(b)	 	
FCPA	  	 	Section 3.21(c)	 	
Fee Letter	  	 	Section 4.25(a)	 	
FFDCA	  	 	Section 3.13(a)	 	
GAAP	  	 	Section 3.07(a)	 	
Good Clinical Practices	  	 	Section 3.13(d)	 	
Good Laboratory Practices	  	 	Section 3.13(d)	 	
Good Manufacturing Practices	  	 	Section 3.13(d)	 	
Healthcare Laws	  	 	Section 3.13(a)	 	
Healthcare Regulatory Authority	  	 	Section 3.06	 	
Holdco	  	 	Preamble	 	
Holdco Board	  	 	Section 1.05	 	
Holdco Charter Amendment	  	 	Section 1.01(a)(i)	 	
Holdco Common Stock	  	 	Section 1.01(d)	 	
HSR Act	  	 	Section 3.06	 	
Impax	  	 	Preamble	 	
Impax 2002 Stock Plan	  	 	Section 3.03(a)	 	
Impax Board	  	 	Recitals	 	
Impax Board Recommendation	  	 	Section 3.04(a)	 	
Impax Book-Entry Shares	  	 	Section 2.03(a)	 	
Impax Bylaws	  	 	Section 3.01	 	
Impax Certificates	  	 	Section 2.03(a)	 	
Impax Charter	  	 	Section 3.01	 	
 
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Impax Common Stock	  	 	Section 3.03(a)	 	
Impax Disclosure Letter	  	 	Article III	 	
Impax Employees	  	 	Section 3.14(a)	 	
Impax ERISA Affiliate	  	 	Section 3.14(e)	 	
Impax ESPP	  	 	Section 3.03(a)	 	
Impax Indemnified Parties	  	 	Section 6.05(a)	 	
Impax Intellectual Property	  	 	Section 3.16(a)	 	
Impax Lease	  	 	Section 3.17(i)	 	
Impax Leased Real Property	  	 	Section 3.17(a)	 	
Impax Liability Management Transaction	  	 	Section 6.19(a)	 	
Impax Material Contracts	  	 	Section 3.11(a)	 	
Impax Merger	  	 	Recitals	 	
Impax Merger Effective Time	  	 	Section 1.01(a)(ii)	 	
Impax Options	  	 	Section 3.03(a)	 	
Impax Owned Real Property	  	 	Section 3.17(a)	 	
Impax Permits	  	 	Section 3.12(a)	 	
Impax Plans	  	 	Section 3.14(a)	 	
Impax Policies	  	 	Section 3.20	 	
Impax Pre-Closing Actions	  	 	Section 6.16(b)	 	
Impax Preferred Stock	  	 	Section 3.03(a)	 	
Impax Real Property	  	 	Section 3.17(a)	 	
Impax Restricted Shares	  	 	Section 3.03(a)	 	
Impax SEC Documents	  	 	Section 3.07(a)	 	
Impax Stock Plans	  	 	Section 3.03(a)	 	
Impax Stockholder Approval	  	 	Section 3.27	 	
Impax Stockholder Meeting	  	 	Section 6.02	 	
Liability Management Documents	  	 	Section 6.19(a)	 	
Litigation Proceeding	  	 	Section 3.10	 	
LLC Conversion	  	 	Section 1.01(b)(i)	 	
Merger Consideration	  	 	Section 2.01(c)	 	
Merger Sub	  	 	Preamble	 	
Multiemployer Plan	  	 	Section 3.14(e)	 	
Morgan Stanley	  	 	Section 3.23	 	
Non-U.S. Amneal Plan	  	 	Section 4.14(k)	 	
Non-U.S. Impax Plan	  	 	Section 3.14(l)	 	
Notice of Change of Recommendation	  	 	Section 5.02(f)	 	
Notice of Superior Proposal Action	  	 	Section 5.02(e)	 	
NYSE Listing Application	  	 	Section 6.13	 	
Outside Date	  	 	Section 8.01(b)(i)	 	
Reaffirmation Date	  	 	Section 8.01(c)(iv)	 	
Registered Amneal Intellectual Property	  	 	Section 4.16(b)	 	
Registered Impax Intellectual Property	  	 	Section 3.16(b)	 	
Required Amount	  	 	Section 4.25(b)	 	
Restraints	  	 	Section 7.01(c)	 	
Restricted Debt Commitment Amendments	  	 	Section 6.11(a)(ii)	 	
Sarbanes-Oxley	  	 	Section 3.12(d)	 	
SEC	  	 	Section 3.07(a)	 	
Securities Act	  	 	Section 3.06	 	
Surviving Company	  	 	Section 1.01(a)(iii)	 	
Third Party Expenses	  	 	Section 8.02(b)	 	
Transactions	  	 	Recitals	 	
Unit Issuance	  	 	Section 1.01(c)(i)	 	
U.S. Customs	  	 	Section 3.13(d)	 	
WARN Act	  	 	Section 3.19	 	
 
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 Section 9.04 Interpretation . When a reference is made in this Agreement to an Article, a Section, Exhibit or Schedule, such reference shall be to an Article of, a Section of, or an Exhibit or Schedule to, this Agreement unless otherwise indicated. The table of contents and headings contained in this Agreement are for reference purposes only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement. Whenever the words “include”, “includes” or “including” are used in this Agreement, they shall be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation”. The words “hereof”, “herein” and “hereunder” and words of similar import when used in this Agreement shall refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement. The words “ordinary course of business” shall be deemed to be followed by “consistent with past practice.” The phrase “made available,” when used in reference to anything made available to Amneal, Impax or their Representatives shall be deemed to mean uploaded to and made available to Amneal, Impax and their Representatives in the on-line data room or otherwise being in the possession of Amneal, Impax or their Representatives (and in such case accessible without limitation to Amneal and Impax). All terms defined in this Agreement shall have the defined meanings when used in any certificate or other document made or delivered pursuant hereto unless otherwise defined therein. The definitions contained in this Agreement are applicable to the singular as well as the plural forms of such terms and to the masculine as well as to the feminine and neuter genders of such term. Any agreement, instrument or statute defined or referred to herein or in any agreement or instrument that is referred to herein means such agreement, instrument or statute as from time to time amended, modified or supplemented, including (in the case of agreements or instruments) by waiver or consent and (in the case of statutes) by succession of comparable successor statutes and references to all attachments thereto and instruments incorporated therein. References to a person are also to its permitted successors and assigns. The parties have participated jointly in the negotiating and drafting of this Agreement. In the event of an ambiguity or a question of intent or interpretation arises, this Agreement shall be construed as if drafted jointly by the parties, and no presumption or burden of proof shall arise favoring or disfavoring any party by virtue of the authorship of any provisions of this Agreement.
 Section 9.05 Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when one or more counterparts have been signed by each of the parties and delivered to the other parties. Facsimile signatures or signatures received as a .pdf attachment to electronic mail shall be treated as original signatures for all purposes of this Agreement.
 Section 9.06 Entire Agreement; No Third-Party Beneficiaries . This Agreement, including the Impax Disclosure Letter, the Amneal Disclosure Letter, the Ancillary Agreements and the Exhibits hereto, and the Confidentiality Agreement constitute the entire agreement, and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, both written and oral, among the parties with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement, the Ancillary Agreements and the Confidentiality Agreement and, except with respect to the Impax Indemnified Parties and the Amneal Indemnified Parties, who are intended third party beneficiaries of the provisions of Section 6.05 , and any Debt Financing Source and any Debt Financing Party, who are intended third party beneficiaries of the provisions of Section 9.07 , 9.09(b) , 9.10 , 9.12 , 9.17 and this 9.06 , are not intended to confer upon any person other than the parties any rights, benefits or remedies.
 Section 9.07 Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the Laws of the State of Delaware, regardless of the Laws that might otherwise govern under applicable principles of conflicts of Laws thereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, actions that may be based upon, arise out of or relate to the Debt Financing, the Debt Commitment Letter or the definitive documentation thereof, or the negotiation, execution or performance of any documentation related thereto, shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York regardless of the laws that might otherwise govern under applicable principles of conflicts thereof.
 Section 9.08 Assignment . Neither this Agreement nor any of the rights, interests or obligations hereunder shall be assigned, in whole or in part, by operation of Law or otherwise by any party without the prior written consent of the other party, and any attempt to make any such assignment without such consent shall be null and void. Subject to the preceding sentence, this Agreement will be binding upon, inure to the benefit of, and be enforceable by, the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns.
 
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 Section 9.09 Specific Enforcement; Consent to Jurisdiction .
(a) The parties hereto agree that irreparable damage would occur and that they would not have any adequate remedy at Law in the event that any of the provisions of this Agreement were not performed in accordance with their specific terms or were otherwise breached. It is accordingly agreed that the parties hereto shall be entitled to an injunction or injunctions to prevent breaches of this Agreement and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions of this Agreement without proof of actual damages, this being in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled at law or in equity. Each of the parties hereto hereby submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or in the event, but only in the event, that such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction over such action or proceeding, the Superior Court of the State of Delaware (Complex Commercial Division) or, if subject matter jurisdiction over the action or proceeding is vested exclusively in the federal courts of the United States of America, the United States District Court for the District of Delaware) (such courts, the “ Chosen Courts ”)). In addition, each of the parties irrevocably (a) submits itself to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Chosen Courts for the purpose of any litigation directly or indirectly based upon, relating to or arising out of this Agreement or any of the Transactions or the negotiation, execution or performance hereof or thereof, (b) agrees that it will not attempt to deny or defeat such personal jurisdiction by motion or other request for leave from the Chosen Courts and (c) agrees that it will not bring any action relating to this Agreement or the Transactions in any court other than the Chosen Courts. Each of the parties hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert, by way of motion, as a defense, counterclaim or otherwise, in any litigation with respect to this Agreement, (x) any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of the Chosen Courts for any reason other than the failure to serve in accordance with this Section 9.09 , (y) any claim that it or its property is exempt or immune from jurisdiction of any such court or from any legal process commenced in Chosen Courts (whether through service of notice, attachment prior to judgment, attachment in aid of execution of judgment, execution of judgment or otherwise) and (z) to the fullest extent permitted by the applicable Law, any claim that (i) the suit, action or proceeding in such court is brought in an inconvenient forum, (ii) the venue of such suit, action or proceeding is improper or (iii) this Agreement, or the subject matter of this Agreement, may not be enforced in or by such courts. Each of the parties hereby irrevocably consents to service being made through the notice procedures set forth in Section 9.02 and agrees that service of any process, summons, notice or document by personal delivery to the respective addresses set forth in Section 9.02 shall be effective service of process for any litigation in connection with this Agreement or the Transactions. Nothing in this Section 9.09 shall affect the right of any party to serve legal process in any other manner permitted by Law.
(b) Notwithstanding anything in the preceding clause (a) to the contrary, and without limiting anything set forth in Section 9.17 , each of the parties hereto (on behalf of itself and its controlled Affiliates) agrees that it will not bring or support any suit, action or other proceeding (whether at law, in equity, in contract, in tort or otherwise) against any Debt Financing Source or Debt Financing Party in any way relating to this Agreement or any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (including the Transactions and any related financing), including any dispute arising out of or relating in any way to the Debt Financing or the performance thereof, in any forum other than any New York State court or federal court sitting in the county of New York and the Borough of Manhattan (and appellate courts thereof), except to the extent such courts do not have jurisdiction over any Debt Financing Source or Debt Financing Party. The parties hereto further agree that all of the provisions of Section 9.10 relating to waiver of jury trial shall apply to any suit, action or other proceeding referenced in this Section 9.09 .
 Section 9.10 WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL . EACH PARTY ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT ANY CONTROVERSY WHICH MAY ARISE UNDER THIS AGREEMENT IS LIKELY TO INVOLVE COMPLICATED AND DIFFICULT ISSUES AND, THEREFORE, EACH SUCH PARTY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN RESPECT OF ANY LEGAL ACTION DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS (INCLUDING ANY LEGAL ACTION AGAINST ANY DEBT FINANCING SOURCES OR DEBT FINANCING PARTIES ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT OR THE DEBT FINANCING). EACH PARTY TO THIS AGREEMENT CERTIFIES AND ACKNOWLEDGES THAT
 
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(A) NO REPRESENTATIVE OF ANY OTHER PARTY HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PARTY WOULD NOT SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER IN THE EVENT OF A LEGAL ACTION, (B) SUCH PARTY HAS CONSIDERED AND UNDERSTANDS THE IMPLICATIONS OF THIS WAIVER, (C) SUCH PARTY MAKES THIS WAIVER VOLUNTARILY AND (D) SUCH PARTY HAS BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS Section 9.10 .
 Section 9.11 Severability . Except as expressly set forth in this Agreement, if any term or other provision of this Agreement is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced by any rule of law or public policy, all other conditions and provisions of this Agreement shall nevertheless remain in full force and effect. Upon such determination that any term or other provision is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced, the parties hereto shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the original intent of the parties as closely as possible to the fullest extent permitted by applicable Law in an acceptable manner to the end that the Transactions are fulfilled to the extent possible.
 Section 9.12 Amendment . This Agreement may be amended by the parties at any time before or after receipt of the Impax Stockholder Approval; provided , however , that after the Impax Stockholder Approval has been obtained, there shall be made no amendment that by Law requires further stockholder approval without such approval having been obtained. This Agreement may not be amended except by an instrument in writing signed on behalf of each of the parties. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, Sections 9.06 , 9.07 , 9.09(b) , 9.10 , 9.17 and this Section 9.12 (and any provision of this Agreement to the extent a modification, waiver or termination of such provision would modify the substance of any of the foregoing provisions) may not be modified, waived or terminated in a manner that impacts or is adverse in any respect to a Debt Financing Source or Debt Financing Party without the prior written consent of such Debt Financing Source or Debt Financing Party.
 Section 9.13 Further Assurances . The parties agree to execute and deliver to each other such other documents and to do such other acts and things, all as the other party may reasonably request for the purpose of carrying out the intent of this Agreement and the documents referred to in this Agreement.
 Section 9.14 Extension; Waiver .
(a) At any time prior to the Closing, each party hereto may (i) extend the time for the performance of any of the obligations or other acts of the other parties hereto, (ii) to the extent permitted by Law, waive any inaccuracies in the representations and warranties contained herein by any other party or in any document, certificate or writing delivered pursuant hereto by any other applicable party or (iii) subject to the provision to the first sentence of Section 9.12 and to the extent permitted by Law, waive compliance with any of the agreements or conditions contained herein. Any agreement on the part of any party to any such extension or waiver shall be valid only if set forth in an instrument in writing signed on behalf of such party.
(b) The failure of any party to this Agreement to exercise any of its rights under this Agreement or otherwise shall not constitute a waiver by such party of such right.
 Section 9.15 Disclosure Letters . All capitalized terms not defined in the Impax Disclosure Letter or the Amneal Disclosure Letter, as applicable (together, the “ Disclosure Letters ”) shall have the meanings ascribed to them in this Agreement. The representations, warranties, covenants and agreements of Impax and Amneal, as applicable, set forth in this Agreement are made and given subject to, and are qualified by, the Impax Disclosure Letter or Amneal Disclosure Letter, as applicable. Unless the context shall otherwise require, any disclosure set forth in one section or subsection of the Disclosure Letters shall be deemed to apply to and qualify the section or subsection of this Agreement to which it corresponds in number and each other section or subsection of Article III or Article IV , as applicable, of this Agreement to the extent that it is reasonably apparent on its face
 
89

that such information is relevant to such other section or subsection of Article III or Article IV , as applicable. The Disclosure Letters may include brief descriptions or summaries of certain agreements and instruments. The descriptions or summaries do not purport to be comprehensive and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the text of the documents described. No disclosure set forth in the Disclosure Letters relating to any possible breach or violation of any Contract or Law shall be construed as an admission or indication that any such breach or violation exists or has actually occurred. The inclusion of any information in the Disclosure Letters shall not be deemed to be an admission or acknowledgment that such information (a) is required by the terms of this Agreement to be disclosed, (b) is material to Impax or Amneal, as applicable, their respective Subsidiaries or any other party, (c) has resulted in or would result in an Impax Material Adverse Effect or Amneal Material Adverse Effect, as applicable, or (d) is outside the ordinary course of business. Matters reflected in the Disclosure Letters are not necessarily limited to matters required by this Agreement to be reflected in the Disclosure Letters. Such additional matters are set forth for informational purposes and do not necessarily include other matters of a similar nature.
 Section 9.16 Limitation on Claims . Except with respect to claims of, or causes of action arising from, fraud, any claim or cause of action based upon, arising out of, or related to this Agreement may only be brought against persons that are expressly named as parties hereto, and then only with respect to the specific obligations set forth herein. Except with respect to claims of, or causes of action arising from, fraud, no former, current or future direct or indirect equity holders, controlling persons, stockholders, directors, officers, employees, members, managers, agents, trustees, Affiliates, general or limited partners or assignees of Impax, Holdco, Amneal or of any former, current or future direct or indirect equity holder, controlling person, stockholder, director, officer, employee, member, manager, trustee, general or limited partner, Affiliate, agent or assignee of any of the foregoing shall have any liability or obligation for any of the representations, warranties, covenants, agreements, obligations or liabilities of Impax, Holdco or Amneal under this Agreement or of or for any action, suit, arbitration, claim, litigation, investigation or proceeding based on, in respect of, or by reason of, the Transactions (including the breach, termination or failure to consummate such Transactions), in each case whether based on contract, tort or strict liability, by the enforcement of any assessment, by any legal or equitable proceeding, by virtue of any statute, regulation or applicable Law or otherwise and whether by or through attempted piercing of the corporate or partnership veil, by or through a claim by or on behalf of a party hereto or another person or otherwise.
 Section 9.17 No Recourse . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, this Agreement may only be enforced against, and any claims or causes of action that may be based upon, arise out of or relate to this Agreement, or the negotiation, execution or performance of this Agreement, may only be made against the parties hereto, and no Debt Financing Source or Debt Financing Party shall have any liability for any obligations or liabilities of the parties hereto or for any claim (whether in contract, tort or otherwise), based on, in respect of, or by reason of, the Transactions contemplated hereby or in respect of any oral representations made or alleged to be made in connection herewith. In no event shall Impax or any of its Affiliates, and Impax agrees not to and to cause its Affiliates not to, (a) seek to enforce this Agreement against, make any claims for breach of this Agreement against, or seek to recover monetary damages from, any Debt Financing Source or Debt Financing Party or (b) seek to enforce the commitments against, make any claims for breach of the Debt Financing commitments against, or seek to recover monetary damages from, or otherwise sue, the Debt Financing Sources or the Debt Financing Parties for any reason, including in connection with the Debt Financing commitments or the obligations of the Debt Financing Sources or the Debt Financing Parties thereunder.
[ Signature page follows ]
 
90

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Amneal, Impax, Merger Sub and Holdco have caused this Agreement to be signed by their respective officers thereunto duly authorized, all as of the date first written above.

AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS LLC	
		
By:	 	/s/ Chintu Patel	
	 	Name:	 	Chintu Patel	
	 	Title:	 	Manager	
		
By:	 	/s/ Chirag Patel	
	 	Name:	 	Chirag Patel	
	 	Title:	 	Manager	
		
By:	 	/s/ Tushar Patel	
	 	Name:	 	Tushar Patel	
	 	Title:	 	Manager	
		
By:	 	/s/ Gautam Patel	
	 	Name:	 	Gautam Patel	
	 	Title:	 	Manager	

IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.	
		
By:	 	/s/ Paul M. Bisaro	
	 	Name:	 	Paul M. Bisaro	
	 	Title:	 	Chief Executive Officer and President	

K2 MERGER SUB CORPORATION	
		
By:	 	/s/ Paul M. Bisaro	
	 	Name:	 	Paul M. Bisaro	
	 	Title:	 	Chief Executive Officer and President	

ATLAS HOLDINGS, INC.	
		
By:	 	/s/ Paul M. Bisaro	
	 	Name:	 	Paul M. Bisaro	
	 	Title:	 	Chief Executive Officer and President	
 
91

EXHIBIT C
LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT
OF
IMPAX LABORATORIES, LLC
This LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”) of Impax Laboratories, LLC (the “ Company ”), effective as of the Conversion Effective Time (as defined below), is entered into by Atlas Holdings, Inc., as the sole member of the Company.
WHEREAS , on the date hereof, Impax Laboratories, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Corporation ”), was converted to a limited liability company (the “ LLC Conversion ”) pursuant to Section 18-214 of the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act (as amended from time to time, the “ Act ”), and Section 266 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (as amended from time to time, the “ DGCL ”), by causing the filing with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware of a certificate of conversion to limited liability company (the “ Certificate of Conversion ”) and a certificate of formation of the Company (the “ Certificate of Formation ”); and
WHEREAS , the LLC Conversion became effective at such time as the Certificate of Conversion and Certificate of Formation were filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware or at such other later time as was specified in the Certificate of Conversion and Certificate of Formation in accordance with the relevant provisions of the DGCL and the Act (such date and time is referred to herein as the “ Conversion Effective Time ”).
NOW, THEREFORE , the Member hereby agrees as follows:
1. Formation of Limited Liability Company . Atlas Holdings, Inc. (the “ Member ”), hereby continues the Company as a limited liability company pursuant to the provisions of the Act. The rights and obligations of the Member and the administration and termination of the Company shall be governed by this Agreement and the Act. This Agreement shall be considered the “ Limited Liability Company Agreement ” of the Company within the meaning of the Act. To the extent this Agreement is inconsistent in any respect with the Act, to the extent permitted by law, this Agreement shall control. At the Conversion Effective Time, (i) the amended and restated certificate of incorporation and the by-laws of the Corporation, each in effect at the Conversion Effective Time, were replaced and superseded in their entirety by the Certificate of Formation and this Agreement, (ii) Atlas Holdings, Inc., as the sole stockholder of the Corporation, executed this Agreement and was admitted to the Company as the sole member of the Company, and (iii) all of the shares of stock of the Corporation issued and outstanding immediately prior to the LLC Conversion were converted to all of the limited liability company interests in the Company.
2. Member . The Member is the sole and managing member of the Company.
3. Purpose . The purpose of the Company is to engage in any and all other lawful businesses or activities in which a limited liability company may be engaged under applicable law (including, without limitation, the Act).
4. Name . The name of the Company shall be “Impax Laboratories, LLC”.
5. Registered Agent and Principal Office . The address of the Company’s registered office in the State of Delaware is 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, Delaware, County of New Castle, 19808. The name of its registered agent at that address is Corporation Service Company. The Company may have such other offices as the Member may designate from time to time. The mailing address of the Company shall be as the Member may designate from time to time. The initial mailing address of the Company is [●].
6. Term of Company . The term of the Company shall continue in perpetuity until the dissolution of the Company in accordance with this Agreement and the Act. The existence of the Company as a separate legal entity shall continue until cancellation of the Certificate of Formation as provided in the Act.
 
92

EXHIBIT C
 
7. Authorized Person . [●] was designated as an authorized person within the meaning of the Act, and has executed, delivered and filed the Certificate of Formation of the Company (which filing is hereby ratified and approved) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. Upon the filing of the Certificate of Formation his powers as authorized person shall cease, and the Member thereupon shall become the designated authorized person and shall continue as the designated authorized person within the meaning of the Act. The execution, delivery and filing of the Certificate of Conversion and the LLC Conversion are hereby ratified and approved.
8. Management of Company . All decisions relating to the business, affairs and properties of the Company shall be made by the Member in its capacity as the managing member. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement, the Member, acting alone, is authorized to execute and deliver any document on behalf of the Company without any vote or consent of any other person.
9. Officers . The Member may, from time to time as it deems necessary and advisable, designate natural persons as officers of the Company to manage the day-to-day business affairs thereof (the “ Officers ”). The Officers shall serve at the pleasure of the Member and the Member may assign to the Officers such titles as it deems appropriate. To the extent delegated by the Member, the Officers shall have the authority to act on behalf of, bind and execute and deliver documents in the name and on behalf of the Company. No such delegation shall cause the Member to cease to be the sole Member. The initial Officers are set forth on Exhibit A . An Officer may be removed with or without cause at any time by the Member.
10. Distributions . Each distribution of cash or other property by the Company shall be made 100% to the Member. Each item of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of the Company shall be allocated 100% to the Member.
11. Certificates . Upon the determination of the Member, a certificate, or certificates, may be issued to represent the percentage limited liability company interest of the Member in the Company (“ Membership Interest ”). Each such certificate shall bear the following legend:
MEMBERSHIP INTERESTS IN IMPAX LABORATORIES, LLC, A DELAWARE LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY (THE “COMPANY”), HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”). IN ADDITION, THE INTERESTS HAVE NOT BEEN QUALIFIED UNDER THE DELAWARE SECURITIES ACT OR THE CALIFORNIA CORPORATE SECURITIES LAW OF 1968, OR ANY OTHER STATE SECURITIES LAW, AS AMENDED FROM TIME TO TIME (COLLECTIVELY, THE “STATE ACTS”). ANY TRANSFER OF SUCH INTERESTS WILL BE INVALID UNLESS A REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT IS IN EFFECT AS TO SUCH TRANSFER OR IN THE OPINION OF COUNSEL FOR THE COMPANY, SUCH REGISTRATION IS UNNECESSARY IN ORDER FOR SUCH TRANSFER TO COMPLY WITH THE SECURITIES ACT OR SUCH STATE ACTS.
12. Limited Liability . The Member shall not have any liability for the debts, obligations or liabilities of the Company except to the extent provided by the Act.
13. Indemnification . To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Member, representatives or agents of the Member; any employee or agent of the Company or its affiliates; or an officer of the Company that is not an employee (each, a “ Covered Person ”) shall be entitled to indemnification from the Company for any loss, damage or claim incurred by such Covered Person by reason of any act or omission performed or omitted by such Covered Person provided that: (a) any such action was undertaken in good faith on behalf of the Company and in a manner reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the Company, (b) any such action was reasonably believed to be within the scope of authority conferred on such Covered Person by this Agreement, and (c) with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, such Covered Person had no
 
93

EXHIBIT C
 
reasonable cause to believe his, her or its action or omission was unlawful, except that no Covered Person shall be entitled to be indemnified in respect of any loss, damage or claim incurred by such Covered Person by reason of gross negligence or willful misconduct with respect to such acts or omissions; provided, however, that any indemnity under this Section shall be provided out of and to the extent of the Company assets only (including the proceeds or any insurance policy obtained pursuant to Section 15 hereof), and no Covered Person shall have any personal liability on account thereof.
14. Expenses . To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, expenses (including legal fees) incurred by a Covered Person in defending any claim, demand, action, suit or proceeding shall, from time to time, be advanced by the Company prior to the final disposition of such claim, demand, action, suit or proceeding upon receipt by the Company of an undertaking by or on behalf of the Covered Person to repay such amount if it shall be determined that the Covered Person is not entitled to be indemnified as authorized in Section 13 hereof.
15. Insurance . The Company shall purchase and maintain insurance, to the extent and in such amounts as the Member shall, in its sole discretion, deem reasonable, on behalf of Covered Persons and such other persons as the Member shall determine, against any liability that may be asserted against or expenses that may be incurred by any such person in connection with the activities of the Company or such indemnities, regardless of whether the Company would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the provisions of this Agreement. The Member and the Company may enter into indemnity contracts with Covered Persons and such other persons as the Board shall determine and adopt written procedures pursuant to which arrangements are made for the advancement of expenses and the funding of obligations under Section 14 hereof and containing such other procedures regarding indemnification as are appropriate.
16. Attorneys’ Fees . All of the indemnities provided in this Agreement shall include reasonable attorneys’ fees, including appellate attorneys’ fees, and court costs.
17. Survival of Indemnity Provisions . Except as otherwise specifically provided herein, all of the indemnity provisions contained in this Agreement shall survive the Member’s ceasing to be a member.
18. Dissolution and Winding Up . The Company shall dissolve and its business and affairs shall be wound up upon the first to occur of the following: (i) a written instrument executed by the Member to dissolve the Company, (ii) at any time there are no members of the Company unless the Company is continued without dissolution in accordance with the Act, or (iii) the entry of a decree of judicial dissolution of the Company under Section 18-802 of the Act. The bankruptcy (as defined at Sections 18-101(1) and 18-304 of the Act) of the Member shall not cause the Member to cease to be a member of the Company and upon the occurrence of such an event, the Company shall continue without dissolution.
19. Amendments . This Agreement may be amended or modified from time to time only by a written instrument executed by the Member.
20. Governing Law . The validity and enforceability of this Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware without regard to otherwise governing principles of conflicts of law.
21. Severability of Provisions . Each provision of this Agreement shall be considered severable, and if for any reason any provision or provisions herein are determined to be invalid, unenforceable or illegal under any existing or future law, such invalidity, unenforceability or illegality shall not impair the operation of or affect those portions of this Agreement that are valid, enforceable and legal.
[Signature page follows]
 
94

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Member hereto has duly executed this Agreement as of the date first written above.

MEMBER	
ATLAS HOLDINGS, INC.	
		
By:	 	 	
Title: [●]	
Name: [●]	
[ Signature Page to Impax Laboratories, LLC Limited Liability Company Agreement ]
 
95

EXHIBIT A
Initial Officers of the Company

Title	  	Name	
[●]	  	[●]	
 
96

EXHIBIT D
CERTIFICATE OF FORMATION
OF
IMPAX LABORATORIES, LLC
The undersigned, an authorized natural person, for the purpose of forming a limited liability company under the provisions and subject to the requirements of the State of Delaware (particularly Chapter 18, Title 6 of the Delaware Code and the acts amendatory thereof and supplemental thereto, and known, identified, and referred to herein as the “ Delaware Limited Liability Company Act ”), hereby certifies that:
 
 	1.	The name of the limited liability company (hereinafter called the “ Limited Liability Company ”) is Impax Laboratories, LLC.	
 
 	2.	The address of the registered office and the name and the address of the registered agent of the Limited Liability Company required to be maintained by Section 18-104 of the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act are the Corporation Service Company, 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, Delaware, County of New Castle, 19808.	
IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the undersigned, as an authorized person of the Limited Liability Company, has duly executed this Certificate of Formation as of the date set forth below.
Effective Date:                     , 201[    ].

By:	 	/s/ [●]	
	
(Authorized Signatory for the Company)	
 
97

EXHIBIT E
CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
by and between
ATLAS HOLDINGS, INC.
and
AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS LLC
Dated as of [ ● ]
 
98

CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
This CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”), dated as of the [●] day of [●], 201[●], is by and between ATLAS HOLDINGS, INC., a Delaware corporation (“ Holdco ”) and AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ Amneal ”).
RECITALS
WHEREAS , Holdco and Amneal have entered into a Business Combination Agreement, dated as of [●], 2017 (the “ Business Combination Agreement ”) with K2 Merger Sub Corporation, a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Holdco (“ Merger Sub ”) and Impax Laboratories, Inc., a Delaware corporation and the sole stockholder of Holdco (“ Impax ”), pursuant to which, among other things, as of the date hereof (i) Merger Sub has been merged with and into Impax, with Impax surviving the merger and continuing as a wholly owned subsidiary of Holdco (the “ Impax Merger ”) and (ii) following the Impax Merger, Impax has been converted to a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Conversion ”); and
WHEREAS , simultaneously with the execution of the Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Amneal (the “ Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement ”) and in exchange for Common Units (as defined in the Related Amneal LLC Operating Agreement), Holdco wishes to contribute to Amneal, and Amneal wishes to accept, all of the outstanding equity interests of Impax (the “ Contributed Equity ”) and, in connection therewith, to be admitted as the managing member of Amneal.
NOW, THEREFORE , in consideration of the premises and the mutual agreements herein, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound by the terms hereof applicable to each of them, hereby agree as follows:
ARTICLE I.
CONTRIBUTION AND UNIT ISSUANCE
Section 1.01 Contribution of Contributed Equity . On the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Business Combination Agreement, effective upon the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the parties hereto, Holdco hereby contributes, transfers, assigns and delivers to Amneal, and Amneal hereby acquires and accepts from Holdco, the Contributed Equity (the “ Contribution ”). Notwithstanding any provision of the limited liability company agreement of Impax (the “ Impax LLC Agreement ”), simultaneously with the Contribution, Amneal is hereby admitted to Impax as a member of Impax, and Amneal agrees that it is bound by the terms and conditions of the Impax LLC Agreement. The parties hereto agree that (i) the Contribution, (ii) the transfer of the Contributed Equity, (iii) the admission of Amneal as a member of Impax, and (iv) the cessation of Holdco as a member of Impax shall not dissolve Impax, and Impax shall continue without dissolution. Immediately following the admission of Amneal as a member of Impax as a result of the Contribution, Holdco shall hereupon cease to be a member of Impax and shall thereupon cease to have or exercise any right or power as a member of Impax. The Impax LLC Agreement is hereby amended to reflect the Contribution, and all references in any such agreement to Holdco are hereby amended to refer to Amneal. This Agreement shall govern notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in the Impax LLC Agreement.
Section 1.02 Unit Issuance . Simultaneously with, and in exchange for, the Contribution, the Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement shall be executed and delivered by the parties thereto, Amneal will issue [●] Common Units to Holdco in accordance with Section 1.01(c)(i) of the Business Combination Agreement and Holdco will be admitted as the managing member of Amneal.
 
99

ARTICLE II.
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 2.01 Interpretation . Capitalized terms not defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed thereto in the Business Combination Agreement. When a reference is made in this Agreement to an Article, a Section, Exhibit or Schedule, such reference shall be to an Article of, a Section of, or an Exhibit or Schedule to, this Agreement unless otherwise indicated. Whenever the words “include”, “includes” or “including” are used in this Agreement, they shall be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation”. The words “hereof,” “herein” and “hereunder” and words of similar import when used in this Agreement shall refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement. The definitions contained in this Agreement are applicable to the singular as well as the plural forms of such terms and to the masculine as well as to the feminine and neuter genders of such term. Any agreement, instrument or statute defined or referred to herein or in any agreement or instrument that is referred to herein means such agreement, instrument or statute as from time to time amended, modified or supplemented, including (in the case of agreements or instruments) by waiver or consent and (in the case of statutes) by succession of comparable successor statutes and references to all attachments thereto and instruments incorporated therein. References to a person are also to its permitted successors and assigns. The parties have participated jointly in the negotiating and drafting of this Agreement. In the event of an ambiguity or a question of intent or interpretation arises, this Agreement shall be construed as if drafted jointly by the parties, and no presumption or burden of proof shall arise favoring or disfavoring any party by virtue of the authorship of any provisions of this Agreement.
Section 2.02 Notices . All notices, requests, claims, demands and other communications hereunder shall be delivered in the manner prescribed in Section 9.02 of the Business Combination Agreement, with any notices to Holdco being delivered prior to the Closing, to Impax.
Section 2.03 Amendment; Waiver . This Agreement may be amended by the parties at any time before or after receipt of the Impax Stockholder Approval; provided, however, that after the Impax Stockholder Approval has been obtained, there shall be made no amendment that by Law requires further stockholder approval without such approval having been obtained. This Agreement may not be amended except by an instrument in writing signed on behalf of each of the parties.
Section 2.04 Entire Agreement . This Agreement, the Business Combination Agreement (including the Impax Disclosure Letter, the Amneal Disclosure Letter, the Ancillary Agreements and the Exhibits thereto), and the Confidentiality Agreement constitute the entire agreement, and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, both written and oral, among the parties with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement and are not intended to confer upon any person other than the parties thereto any rights, benefits or remedies.
Section 2.05 Assignments, Successors and No Third Party Rights . Neither this Agreement nor any of the rights, interests or obligations hereunder shall be assigned, in whole or in part, by operation of Law or otherwise by any party without the prior written consent of the other party, and any attempt to make any such assignment without such consent shall be null and void. Subject to the preceding sentence, this Agreement will be binding upon, inure to the benefit of, and be enforceable by, the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns.
Section 2.06 Severability . Except as expressly set forth in this Agreement, if any term or other provision of this Agreement is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced by any rule of law or public policy, all other conditions and provisions of this Agreement shall nevertheless remain in full force and effect. Upon such determination that any term or other provision is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced, the parties hereto shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the original intent of the parties as closely as possible to the fullest extent permitted by applicable Law in an acceptable manner to the end that the Transactions are fulfilled to the extent possible.
 
100

Section 2.07 Applicable Law; Specific Enforcement; Consent to Jurisdiction .
(a) This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the Laws of the State of Delaware, regardless of the Laws that might otherwise govern under applicable principles of conflicts of Laws thereof.
(b) The parties hereto agree that irreparable damage would occur and that they would not have any adequate remedy at Law in the event that any of the provisions of this Agreement were not performed in accordance with their specific terms or were otherwise breached. It is accordingly agreed that the parties hereto shall be entitled to an injunction or injunctions to prevent breaches of this Agreement and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions of this Agreement without proof of actual damages, this being in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled at law or in equity. Each of the parties hereto hereby submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or in the event, but only in the event, that such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction over such action or proceeding, the Superior Court of the State of Delaware (Complex Commercial Division) or, if subject matter jurisdiction over the action or proceeding is vested exclusively in the federal courts of the United States of America, the United States District Court for the District of Delaware) (such courts, the “ Chosen Courts ”)). In addition, each of the parties irrevocably (i) submits itself to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Chosen Courts for the purpose of any litigation directly or indirectly based upon, relating to or arising out of this Agreement or any of the Transactions or the negotiation, execution or performance hereof or thereof, (ii) agrees that it will not attempt to deny or defeat such personal jurisdiction by motion or other request for leave from the Chosen Courts and (iii) agrees that it will not bring any action relating to this Agreement or the Transactions in any court other than the Chosen Courts. Each of the parties hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert, by way of motion, as a defense, counterclaim or otherwise, in any litigation with respect to this Agreement, (x) any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of the Chosen Courts for any reason other than the failure to serve in accordance with this Section  2.07(b) , (y) any claim that it or its property is exempt or immune from jurisdiction of any such court or from any legal process commenced in Chosen Courts (whether through service of notice, attachment prior to judgment, attachment in aid of execution of judgment, execution of judgment or otherwise) and (z) to the fullest extent permitted by the applicable Law, any claim that (1) the suit, action or proceeding in such court is brought in an inconvenient forum, (2) the venue of such suit, action or proceeding is improper or (3) this Agreement, or the subject matter of this Agreement, may not be enforced in or by such courts. Each of the parties, to the fullest extent permitted by law, hereby irrevocably consents to service being made through the notice procedures set forth in Section 9.02 of the Business Combination Agreement and agrees that service of any process, summons, notice or document by personal delivery to the respective addresses set forth in Section 9.02 of the Business Combination Agreement shall be effective service of process for any litigation in connection with this Agreement or the Transactions. Nothing in this Section  2.07 shall affect the right of any party to serve legal process in any other manner permitted by Law.
Section 2.08 WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL . EACH PARTY ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT ANY CONTROVERSY WHICH MAY ARISE UNDER THIS AGREEMENT IS LIKELY TO INVOLVE COMPLICATED AND DIFFICULT ISSUES AND, THEREFORE, EACH SUCH PARTY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN RESPECT OF ANY LEGAL ACTION DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS. EACH PARTY TO THIS AGREEMENT CERTIFIES AND ACKNOWLEDGES THAT (A) NO REPRESENTATIVE OF ANY OTHER PARTY HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PARTY WOULD NOT SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER IN THE EVENT OF A LEGAL ACTION, (B) SUCH PARTY HAS CONSIDERED AND UNDERSTANDS THE IMPLICATIONS OF THIS WAIVER, (C) SUCH PARTY MAKES THIS WAIVER VOLUNTARILY AND (D) SUCH PARTY HAS BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION  2.08 .
 
101

Section 2.09 Further Assurances . The parties agree to execute and deliver to each other such other documents and to do such other acts and things, all as the other party may reasonably request for the purpose of carrying out the intent of this Agreement and the documents referred to in this Agreement.
Section 2.10 Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when one or more counterparts have been signed by each of the parties and delivered to the other parties. Facsimile signatures or signatures received as a .pdf attachment to electronic mail shall be treated as original signatures for all purposes of this Agreement.
[ Signature page immediately follows ]
 
102

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have each caused this Agreement to be executed as of the date first written above.

ATLAS HOLDINGS, INC.	
		
By:	 	 	
	 	Name:	
	 	Title:	
	
AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS LLC	
		
By:	 	 	
	 	Name:	
	 	Title:	
[SIGNATURE PAGE TO CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT]
 
103

EXHIBIT F
AMENDED AND RESTATED
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.
ARTICLE I
The name of the corporation (the “ Corporation ”) is Impax Laboratories, Inc.
ARTICLE II
The registered address of the Corporation in the State of Delaware is c/o the Corporation Service Company, 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, Delaware, County of New Castle, 19808. The name of the Corporation’s registered agent at that address is the Corporation Service Company.
ARTICLE III
The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which a corporation may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (“ DGCL ”) or any successor statute.
ARTICLE IV
The total number of shares of all classes of stock that the Corporation shall have authority to issue is One Thousand (1,000) shares, all of which are Common Stock with a par value of $0.01.
ARTICLE V
In furtherance of and not in limitation of powers conferred by statute, it is further provided:
1. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors.
2. The Board of Directors is expressly authorized to adopt, amend, alter or repeal the bylaws of the Corporation.
ARTICLE VI
Election of directors need not be by written ballot unless the bylaws of the Corporation shall so provide.
ARTICLE VII
A director of this Corporation shall not be liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except to the extent that exculpation from liability is not permitted under DGCL as in effect at the time such liability is determined. No amendment or repeal of this Article VII shall apply to or have any effect on the liability or alleged liability of any director of the Corporation for or with respect to any acts or omissions of such director occurring prior to such amendment or repeal.
 
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ARTICLE VIII
Subject to such limitations as may be from time to time imposed by other provisions of this Restated Certificate, by the bylaws of the Corporation, by the DGCL or other applicable law, or by any contract or agreement to which the Corporation is or may become a party, the Corporation reserves the right to amend or repeal any provision contained in this Restated Certificate, in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by statute, and all rights conferred upon stockholders herein are granted subject to this express reservation.
 
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EXHIBIT G
BYLAWS
OF
IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.
(a Delaware corporation)
Adopted as of [                ], 201[    ]

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 	 	 	  	Page	 	
ARTICLE I. IDENTIFICATION; OFFICES	  	 	110	 	
			
SECTION 1.	 	NAME	  	 	110	 	
SECTION 2.	 	PRINCIPAL AND BUSINESS OFFICES	  	 	110	 	
SECTION 3.	 	REGISTERED AGENT AND OFFICE	  	 	110	 	
SECTION 4.	 	PLACE OF KEEPING CORPORATE RECORDS	  	 	110	 	
		
ARTICLE II. STOCKHOLDERS	  	 	110	 	
			
SECTION 1.	 	ANNUAL MEETING	  	 	110	 	
SECTION 2.	 	SPECIAL MEETING	  	 	110	 	
SECTION 3.	 	PLACE OF STOCKHOLDER MEETINGS	  	 	110	 	
SECTION 4.	 	NOTICE OF MEETINGS	  	 	110	 	
SECTION 5.	 	QUORUM	  	 	111	 	
SECTION 6.	 	ADJOURNED MEETINGS	  	 	111	 	
SECTION 7.	 	FIXING OF RECORD DATE	  	 	111	 	
SECTION 8.	 	VOTING LIST	  	 	112	 	
SECTION 9.	 	VOTING	  	 	112	 	
SECTION 10.	 	PROXIES	  	 	112	 	
SECTION 11.	 	RATIFICATION OF ACTS OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS	  	 	113	 	
SECTION 12.	 	CONDUCT OF MEETINGS	  	 	113	 	
SECTION 13.	 	ACTION WITHOUT MEETING	  	 	113	 	
		
ARTICLE III. DIRECTORS	  	 	114	 	
			
SECTION 1.	 	GENERAL POWERS	  	 	114	 	
SECTION 2.	 	NUMBER AND TENURE OF DIRECTORS	  	 	114	 	
SECTION 3.	 	ELECTION OF DIRECTORS	  	 	114	 	
SECTION 4.	 	CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD; VICE CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD	  	 	114	 	
SECTION 5.	 	QUORUM	  	 	114	 	
SECTION 6.	 	VOTING	  	 	114	 	
SECTION 7.	 	VACANCIES	  	 	114	 	
SECTION 8.	 	REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS	  	 	115	 	
SECTION 9.	 	RESIGNATION	  	 	115	 	
SECTION 10.	 	REGULAR MEETINGS	  	 	115	 	
SECTION 11.	 	SPECIAL MEETINGS	  	 	115	 	
SECTION 12.	 	NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS	  	 	115	 	
SECTION 13.	 	WRITTEN ACTION BY DIRECTORS	  	 	115	 	
SECTION 14.	 	PARTICIPATION BY CONFERENCE TELEPHONE	  	 	115	 	
SECTION 15.	 	COMMITTEES	  	 	115	 	
SECTION 16.	 	COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS	  	 	116	 	
		
ARTICLE IV. OFFICERS	  	 	116	 	
			
SECTION 1.	 	GENERAL PROVISIONS	  	 	116	 	
SECTION 2.	 	ELECTION AND TERM OF OFFICE	  	 	116	 	
SECTION 3.	 	RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL OF OFFICERS	  	 	116	 	
SECTION 4.	 	VACANCIES	  	 	117	 	
SECTION 5.	 	THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER	  	 	117	 	
SECTION 6.	 	THE PRESIDENT	  	 	117	 	
SECTION 7.	 	THE VICE PRESIDENT	  	 	117	 	
SECTION 8.	 	THE SECRETARY	  	 	117	 	
SECTION 9.	 	THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY	  	 	118	 	
 
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 	 	 	  	Page	 	
SECTION 10.	 	THE TREASURER	  	 	118	 	
SECTION 11.	 	THE ASSISTANT TREASURER	  	 	118	 	
SECTION 12.	 	OTHER OFFICERS, ASSISTANT OFFICERS AND AGENTS	  	 	118	 	
SECTION 13.	 	ABSENCE OF OFFICERS	  	 	118	 	
SECTION 14.	 	COMPENSATION	  	 	118	 	
		
ARTICLE V. CAPITAL STOCK	  	 	119	 	
			
SECTION 1.	 	ISSUANCE OF STOCK	  	 	119	 	
SECTION 2.	 	CERTIFICATES OF SHARES; UNCERTIFICATED SHARES	  	 	119	 	
SECTION 3.	 	SIGNATURES OF FORMER OFFICER, TRANSFER AGENT OR REGISTRAR	  	 	119	 	
SECTION 4.	 	TRANSFER OF SHARES	  	 	119	 	
SECTION 5.	 	LOST, DESTROYED OR STOLEN CERTIFICATES	  	 	120	 	
SECTION 6.	 	REGULATIONS	  	 	120	 	
		
ARTICLE VI. INDEMNIFICATION	  	 	120	 	
			
SECTION 1.	 	RIGHT TO INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS	  	 	120	 	
SECTION 2.	 	PREPAYMENT OF EXPENSES OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS	  	 	120	 	
SECTION 3.	 	CLAIMS BY DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS	  	 	120	 	
SECTION 4.	 	INDEMNIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES AND AGENTS	  	 	121	 	
SECTION 5.	 	ADVANCEMENT OF EXPENSES OF EMPLOYEES AND AGENTS	  	 	121	 	
SECTION 6.	 	NON-EXCLUSIVITY OF RIGHTS	  	 	121	 	
SECTION 7.	 	OTHER INDEMNIFICATION	  	 	121	 	
SECTION 8.	 	INSURANCE	  	 	121	 	
SECTION 9.	 	AMENDMENT OR REPEAL	  	 	121	 	
		
ARTICLE VII. DIVIDENDS	  	 	121	 	
			
SECTION 1.	 	DECLARATIONS OF DIVIDENDS	  	 	121	 	
SECTION 2.	 	SPECIAL PURPOSES RESERVES	  	 	122	 	
		
ARTICLE VIII. NOTICE BY ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION	  	 	122	 	
			
SECTION 1.	 	NOTICE BY ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION	  	 	122	 	
SECTION 2.	 	DEFINITION OF ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION	  	 	122	 	
SECTION 3.	 	INAPPLICABILITY	  	 	122	 	
		
ARTICLE IX. GENERAL PROVISIONS	  	 	123	 	
			
SECTION 1.	 	FISCAL YEAR	  	 	123	 	
SECTION 2.	 	SEAL	  	 	123	 	
SECTION 3.	 	WRITTEN WAIVER OF NOTICE	  	 	123	 	
SECTION 4.	 	ATTENDANCE AS WAIVER OF NOTICE	  	 	123	 	
SECTION 5.	 	CONTRACTS	  	 	123	 	
SECTION 6.	 	LOANS	  	 	123	 	
SECTION 7.	 	CHECKS, DRAFTS, ETC.	  	 	123	 	
SECTION 8.	 	DEPOSITS	  	 	123	 	
SECTION 9.	 	ANNUAL STATEMENT	  	 	123	 	
SECTION 10.	 	VOTING OF SECURITIES	  	 	123	 	
SECTION 11.	 	EVIDENCE OF AUTHORITY	  	 	123	 	
SECTION 12.	 	CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION	  	 	124	 	
SECTION 13.	 	SEVERABILITY	  	 	124	 	
SECTION 14.	 	PRONOUNS	  	 	124	 	
 
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 	 	 	  	Page	 	
ARTICLE X. AMENDMENTS	  	 	124	 	
			
SECTION 1.	 	BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS	  	 	124	 	
SECTION 2.	 	BY THE STOCKHOLDERS	  	 	124	 	
 
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 ARTICLE I.
IDENTIFICATION; OFFICES
 SECTION  1. NAME. The name of the corporation is Impax Laboratories, Inc. (the “ Corporation ”).
 SECTION 2. PRINCIPAL AND BUSINESS OFFICES. The Corporation may have such principal and other business offices, either within or outside of the state of Delaware, as the Board of Directors may designate or as the Corporation’s business may require from time to time.
 SECTION 3. REGISTERED AGENT AND OFFICE. The address of the Corporation’s registered office in the State of Delaware is 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, Delaware, County of New Castle, 19808. The name of its registered agent at that address is Corporation Service Company.
 SECTION 4. PLACE OF KEEPING CORPORATE RECORDS. The records and documents required by law to be kept by the Corporation permanently shall be kept at the Corporation’s principal office or as the Board of Directors may designate.
 ARTICLE II.
STOCKHOLDERS
 SECTION 1. ANNUAL MEETING. An annual meeting of the stockholders shall be held on such date and time as may be designated by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President. At each annual meeting, the stockholders shall elect directors to hold office for the term provided in Section 2 of Article III of these Bylaws and transact such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting. The Board of Directors may postpone, cancel or reschedule any previously scheduled annual meeting of stockholders.
 SECTION 2. SPECIAL MEETING. A special meeting of the stockholders for any purpose or purposes may be called at any time only by the President, the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or any other person designated by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may postpone, cancel or reschedule any previously scheduled special meeting of stockholders. Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to matters relating to the purpose or purposes stated in the notice of meeting.
 SECTION 3. PLACE OF STOCKHOLDER MEETINGS. The Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President may designate any place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as the place of meeting for any annual meeting or for any special meeting. If no such place is designated by the Board of Directors, the place of meeting will be the principal business office of the Corporation or the Board of Directors may, in its sole discretion, determine that the meeting shall not be held at any place, but will instead be held solely by means of remote communication as provided under Section 211 of the Delaware General Corporation Law.
 SECTION 4. NOTICE OF MEETINGS. Except as otherwise provided by law or waived as herein provided, whenever stockholders are required or permitted to take any action at a meeting, whether annual or special, written notice of the meeting shall be given stating the place, if any, date and hour of the meeting, the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. Unless otherwise required by law, such written notice shall be given not less than 10 days nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at the meeting. If mailed, notice is given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at the stockholder’s address as it appears on the records of the Corporation. If electronically transmitted (in a manner consistent with Section 232
 
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of the Delaware General Corporation Law), then notice is deemed given when transmitted and directed to a facsimile number or electronic mail address at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice. An affidavit of the secretary or of the transfer agent or other agent of the Corporation that the notice has been given by a form of electronic transmission shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.
When a meeting is adjourned to reconvene at the same or another place, if any, or by means of remote communications, if any, in accordance with Section 6 of Article II of these Bylaws, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken.
 SECTION 5. QUORUM. Unless otherwise provided by law, the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the holders of a majority in voting power of the shares of the capital stock of the Corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at the meeting, present in person, present by means of remote communication in a manner, if any, authorized by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business; provided , however , that where a separate vote by a class or classes or series of capital stock is required by law or the Certificate of Incorporation, the holders of a majority in voting power of the shares of such class or classes or series of the capital stock of the Corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote on such matter, present in person, present by means of remote communication in a manner, if any, authorized by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum entitled to take action with respect to the vote on such matter. If a quorum is present in person or represented by proxy at such meeting, such stockholders may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of such number of stockholders as may leave less than a quorum.
 SECTION 6. ADJOURNED MEETINGS. Any meeting of stockholders may be adjourned from time to time to any other time and date and to any other place (or by means of remote communications, if any) at which a meeting of stockholders may be held under these Bylaws by the chairman of the meeting or by a majority of the stockholders present or represented at the meeting and entitled to vote, although less than a quorum. It shall not be necessary to notify any stockholder of any adjournment of less than 30 days if the time and place, if any, of the adjourned meeting, and the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxyholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting, are announced at the meeting at which adjournment is taken, unless after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting. At the adjourned meeting, the Corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting.
 SECTION 7. FIXING OF RECORD DATE.
(a) The Board of Directors may fix in advance a date as a record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof. Such record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than 60 days nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting. If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided , however , that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
(b) For the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is established by the Board of Directors, and which date shall not be more than 10 days after the date on which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of
 
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Directors. If no record date has been fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the Board of Directors is required by law, shall be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the Corporation by delivery to its registered office in the State of Delaware, its principal office, or an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the book in which the proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery to the Corporation’s registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. If no record date has been fixed by the Board of Directors and prior action by the Board of Directors is required by law, the record date for determining stockholders’ consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting shall be the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action.
(c) For the purpose of determining the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect to any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix the record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than 60 days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining the stockholders for any such purpose shall be the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.
 SECTION 8. VOTING LIST. Corporation shall prepare, at least 10 days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, for a period of at least 10 days prior to the meeting, (i) by a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or (ii) during ordinary business hours, at the principal place of business of the Corporation. In the event that the Corporation determines to make the list available on an electronic network, the Corporation may take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available only to the stockholders of the Corporation. If the meeting is to be held at a place, then the list shall be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote communication, then the list shall also be open to the examination of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information required to access such list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting. Except as otherwise provided by law, such list shall be the only evidence as to the identity of stockholders entitled to examine the list of stockholders required by this Section 8 or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of the stockholders. The Corporation shall not be required to include electronic mail addresses or other electronic contact information on such list.
 SECTION 9. VOTING. Unless otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation, each stockholder shall be entitled to one vote for each share of capital stock held by each stockholder. When a quorum is present at any meeting, in all matters other than the election of directors, the affirmative vote of the majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of stock present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be the act of the stockholders, except when a different vote is required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws. When a quorum is present at any meeting, directors shall be elected by plurality of the votes of the shares present in person or represented by a proxy at the meeting entitled to vote on the election of directors.
 SECTION 10. PROXIES. Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to express consent or dissent to corporate action in writing without a meeting (including by means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting) may authorize another person or persons to act for him by proxy (executed or transmitted in a manner permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law), but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. A duly executed proxy shall be irrevocable if it states that
 
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it is irrevocable and if, and only as long as, it is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power. A proxy may remain irrevocable regardless of whether the interest with which it is coupled is an interest in the stock itself or an interest in the Corporation generally.
 SECTION 11. RATIFICATION OF ACTS OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS. Except as otherwise provided by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, any transaction or contract or act of the Corporation or of the directors or the officers of the Corporation may be ratified by the affirmative vote of the holders of the number of shares which would have been necessary to approve such transaction, contract or act at a meeting of stockholders, or by the written consent of stockholders in lieu of a meeting.
 SECTION 12. CONDUCT OF MEETINGS.
(a) Chairman of Meeting . Meetings of stockholders shall be presided over by the Chairman of the Board, if any, or in the Chairman’s absence by the Vice Chairman of the Board, if any, or in the Vice Chairman’s absence by the Chief Executive Officer, or in the Chief Executive Officer’s absence, by the President, or in the President’s absence by a Vice President, or in the absence of all of the foregoing persons by a chairman designated by the Board of Directors, or in the absence of such designation by a chairman chosen by vote of the stockholders at the meeting. The Secretary shall act as secretary of the meeting, but in the Secretary’s absence the chairman of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting.
(b) Rules, Regulations and Procedures . The Board of Directors may adopt by resolution such rules, regulations and procedures for the conduct of any meeting of stockholders of the Corporation as it shall deem appropriate including, without limitation, such guidelines and procedures as it may deem appropriate regarding the participation by means of remote communication of stockholders and proxyholders not physically present at a meeting. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules, regulations and procedures as adopted by the Board of Directors, the chairman of any meeting of stockholders shall have the right and authority to convene and (for any or no reason) to recess and/or adjourn the meeting and to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairman, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors or prescribed by the chairman of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (i) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (ii) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (iii) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the Corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as shall be determined; (iv) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (v) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board of Directors or the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.
 SECTION 13. ACTION WITHOUT MEETING.
(a) Any action required or permitted to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be delivered to the Corporation signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted.
(b) Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in writing and who, if the action had been taken at a meeting, would have been entitled to notice of the meeting if the record date for such meeting had been the date that written consents signed by a sufficient number of holders to take the action were delivered to the Corporation.
(c) A telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission consenting to an action to be taken and transmitted by a stockholder or proxy holder, or by a person or persons authorized to act for a stockholder or
 
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proxy holder, shall be deemed to be written and signed for the purposes of this section, provided that any such telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission sets forth or is delivered with information from which the Corporation can determine (i) that the telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission was transmitted by the stockholder or proxy holder or by a person or persons authorized to act for the stockholder or proxy holder and (ii) the date on which such stockholder or proxy holder or authorized person or persons transmitted such telegram, cablegram or electronic transmission. No consent given by telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission shall be deemed to have been delivered until such consent is reproduced in paper form and until such paper form shall be delivered to the Corporation by delivery to its registered office in the State of Delaware, its principal place of business or to an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the book in which the proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Any copy, facsimile or other reliable reproduction of a consent in writing may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing for any and all purposes for which the original writing could be used, provided that such copy, facsimile or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original writing.
 ARTICLE III.
DIRECTORS
 SECTION  1. GENERAL POWERS. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of a Board of Directors, who may exercise all of the powers of the Corporation except as otherwise provided by law or the Certificate of Incorporation.
 SECTION 2. NUMBER AND TENURE OF DIRECTORS. The number of directors of the Corporation shall be determined from time to time by the stockholders or the Board of Directors in a resolution adopted by the Board of Directors. Each director shall hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until such director’s successor is elected and qualified or until such director’s earlier death, resignation or removal.
 SECTION 3. ELECTION OF DIRECTORS. Except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws, directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of stockholders by such stockholders as have the right to vote on such election. Directors need not be residents of the State of Delaware. Directors need not be stockholders of the Corporation. Elections of directors need not be by written ballot.
 SECTION  4. CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD; VICE CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD. The Board of Directors may appoint from its members a Chairman of the Board and a Vice Chairman of the Board, neither of whom need be an employee or officer of the Corporation. If the Board of Directors appoints a Chairman of the Board, such Chairman shall perform such duties and possess such powers as are assigned by the Board of Directors. If the Board of Directors appoints a Vice Chairman of the Board, such Vice Chairman shall perform such duties and possess such powers as are assigned by the Board of Directors. Unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board or, in the Chairman’s absence, the Vice Chairman of the Board, if any, shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors.
 SECTION 5. QUORUM. The greater of (a) a majority of the directors at any time in office and (b) one-third of the number of directors fixed pursuant to Section 2 of Article III of these Bylaws shall constitute a quorum of the Board of Directors. If less than a quorum are present at a meeting of the Board of Directors, a majority of the directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to time without further notice other than announcement at the meeting, until such quorum shall be present.
 SECTION 6. VOTING. The vote of the majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors, unless the Delaware General Corporation Law or the Certificate of Incorporation requires a vote of a greater number.
 SECTION 7. VACANCIES. Any vacancy or newly-created directorship on the Board of Directors, however occurring, may be filled by vote of a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a
 
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sole remaining director. A director elected to fill a vacancy shall be elected for the unexpired term of such director’s predecessor in office, and a director chosen to fill a position resulting from a newly-created directorship shall hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until a successor is elected and qualified, or until such director’s earlier death, resignation or removal.
 SECTION 8. REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS. Except as otherwise provided by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, a director, or the entire Board of Directors, may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of stock then entitled to vote at an election of directors.
 SECTION 9. RESIGNATION. Any director may resign by delivering a resignation in writing or by electronic transmission to the Corporation at its principal office or to the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Secretary. Such resignation shall be effective upon delivery unless it is specified to be effective at some later time or upon the happening of some later event.
 SECTION 10. REGULAR MEETINGS. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such date, time, place and manner as shall be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors; provided that any director who is absent when such a determination is made shall be given notice of the determination. A regular meeting of the Board of Directors may be held without notice immediately after and at the same place as the annual meeting of stockholders.
 SECTION 11. SPECIAL MEETINGS. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by or at the request of the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, two or more directors or by one director in the event that there is only a single director in office. The person or persons authorized to call special meetings of the Board of Directors may fix any time, date or place, either within or without the State of Delaware, for holding any special meeting of the Board of Directors called by them.
 SECTION 12. NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. Notice of the date, place, if any, and time of any special meeting of the Board of Directors shall be given to each director by the Secretary or by the officer or one of the directors calling the meeting. Notice shall be duly given to each director (a) in person, by telephone, fax or by electronic transmission at least 24 hours in advance of the meeting, (b) by sending written notice by reputable overnight courier or delivering written notice by hand, to such director’s last known business, home or facsimile address at least 48 hours in advance of the meeting, or (c) by sending written notice by first-class mail to such director’s last known business or home address at least 72 hours in advance of the meeting. A notice or waiver of notice of a meeting of the Board of Directors need not specify the purposes of the meeting.
 SECTION 13. WRITTEN ACTION BY DIRECTORS. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or electronic transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.
 SECTION 14. PARTICIPATION BY CONFERENCE TELEPHONE. Members of the Board of Directors, or any committee designated by such board, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors, or committee thereof, by means of conference telephone other communications equipment as long as all persons participating in the meeting can speak with and hear each other, and participation by a director pursuant to this section shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.
 SECTION  15. COMMITTEES. The Board of Directors may designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation with such lawfully delegable powers and
 
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duties as the Board of Directors thereby confers, to serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. The Board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member at any meeting of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors and to the extent permitted by law, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it, but no such committee shall have the power or authority in reference to the following matters: (i) approving or adopting, or recommending to the stockholders, any action or matter (other than the election or removal of directors) expressly required by law to be submitted to stockholders for approval or (ii) adopting, amending or repealing any bylaw of the Corporation. Each such committee shall keep minutes and make such reports as the Board of Directors may from time to time request. Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise determine, any committee may make rules for the conduct of its business, but unless otherwise provided by the directors or in such rules, its business shall be conducted as nearly as possible in the same manner as is provided in these Bylaws for the Board of Directors. Except as otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws, or the resolution of the Board of Directors designating the committee, a committee may create one or more subcommittees, each subcommittee to consist of one or more members of the committee, and delegate to a subcommittee any or all of the powers and authority of the committee.
 SECTION 16. COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the Board of Directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors. The directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors and may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors or a stated salary as director. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefore. Members of special or standing committees may be allowed like compensation for attending committee meetings.
 ARTICLE IV.
OFFICERS
 SECTION  1. GENERAL PROVISIONS. The officers of the Corporation shall consist of a Chief Executive Officer, a President, a Secretary, a Treasurer and such other officers with such other titles as the Board of Directors shall determine, including one or more Vice Presidents, Assistant Treasurers and Assistant Secretaries. The Board of Directors may appoint such other officers as it may deem appropriate. No officer need be a stockholder. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person. The officers elected by the Board of Directors shall have such duties as are hereafter described and such additional duties as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.
 SECTION 2. ELECTION AND TERM OF OFFICE. The Chief Executive Officer, President, Treasurer and Secretary shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors at the regular meeting of the Board of Directors held after each annual meeting of the stockholders. If the election of officers is not held at such meeting, such election shall be held as soon thereafter as may be convenient. Other officers may be appointed at any time by the Board of Directors. Except as otherwise provided by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws, each officer shall hold office until his successor has been duly elected and qualified, unless a different term is specified in the resolution electing or appointing such officer, or until his earlier death, resignation or removal. Election or appointment of an officer or agent shall not of itself create contract rights.
 SECTION 3. RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL OF OFFICERS. Any officer may resign by delivering a written resignation to the Corporation at its principal office or to the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the
 
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Secretary. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless it is specified to be effective at some later time or upon the happening of some later event. Any officer may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by vote of a majority of the directors then in office. Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise determine, no officer who resigns or is removed shall have any right to any compensation as an officer for any period following such officer’s resignation or removal, or any right to damages on account of such removal, whether such officer’s compensation be by the month or by the year or otherwise, unless such compensation is expressly provided for in a duly authorized written agreement with the Corporation.
 SECTION 4. VACANCIES. The Board of Directors may fill any vacancy occurring in any office for any reason and may, in its discretion, leave unfilled for such period as it may determine any offices other than those of Chief Executive Officer, President, Treasurer and Secretary. Each such successor shall hold office for the unexpired term of such officer’s predecessor and until a successor is elected and qualified, or until such officer’s earlier death, resignation or removal.
 SECTION 5. THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER. Unless the Board of Directors has designated another person as the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer, the President shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation. The Chief Executive Officer shall have general charge and supervision of the business and affairs of the Corporation subject to the direction of the Board of Directors, and shall perform all duties and have all powers that are commonly incident to the office of chief executive or that are delegated to such officer by the Board of Directors. The Chief Executive Officer shall see that orders and resolutions of the Board of Directors are carried into effect. The Chief Executive Officer may sign bonds, mortgages, certificates for shares and all other contracts and documents whether or not under the seal of the Corporation except in cases where the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by law, by the Board of Directors or by these Bylaws to some other officer or agent of the Corporation. The Chief Executive Officer shall have general powers of supervision and shall be the final arbiter of all differences between officers of the Corporation and his decision as to any matter affecting the Corporation shall be final and binding as between the officers of the Corporation subject only to the Board of Directors.
 SECTION 6. THE PRESIDENT. In the absence of the Chief Executive Officer or in the event of his inability or refusal to act, the President shall perform the duties of the Chief Executive Officer, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the Chief Executive Officer. At all other times the President shall have the active management of the business of the Corporation under the general supervision of the Chief Executive Officer or the Board of Directors. The President shall have concurrent power with the Chief Executive Officer to sign bonds, mortgages, certificates for shares and other contracts and documents, whether or not under the seal of the Corporation except in cases where the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by law, by the Board of Directors, or by these Bylaws to some other officer or agent of the Corporation. In general, the President shall perform all duties incident to the office of president and such other duties as the Chief Executive Officer (if the President is not the Chief Executive Officer) or the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.
 SECTION 7. THE VICE PRESIDENT. In the absence of the President or in the event of his inability or refusal to act, the Vice President (or in the event there be more than one Vice President, the Executive Vice President and then the other Vice President or Vice Presidents in the order designated, or in the absence of any designation, then in the order of their election) shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President. The Vice Presidents shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Chief Executive Officer or the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.
 SECTION 8. THE SECRETARY. The Secretary shall perform such duties and shall have such powers as the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer may from time to time prescribe. The Secretary shall perform such duties and have such powers as are incident to the office of the secretary, including without limitation the duty and power to attend all meetings of the Board of Directors and all meetings of the
 
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stockholders and record all the proceedings in a book to be kept for that purpose and shall perform like duties for the standing committees when required and to maintain a stock ledger and prepare lists of stockholders and their addresses as required. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer, under whose supervision he shall be. The Secretary shall have custody of the corporate records and the corporate seal of the Corporation and the Secretary, or an Assistant Secretary, shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it and when so affixed, it may be attested by his signature or by the signature of such Assistant Secretary. The Board of Directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest the affixing by his signature.
 SECTION 9. THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY. The Assistant Secretary, or if there be more than one, the Assistant Secretaries in the order determined by the Board of Directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election), shall, in the absence of the Secretary or in the event of his inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Chief Executive Officer, the Board of Directors or the Secretary may from time to time prescribe. In the absence of the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary at any meeting of stockholders or directors, the chairman of the meeting shall designate a temporary secretary to keep a record of the meeting.
 SECTION 10. THE TREASURER. The Treasurer shall perform such duties and shall have such powers as may from time to time be assigned by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer. In addition, the Treasurer shall perform such duties and have such powers as are incident to the office of treasurer, including without limitation, the duty and power to have the custody of the corporate funds and securities and to keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation and deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the President and the Board of Directors, as required by the Board of Directors, an account of all his transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation. If required by the Board of Directors, the Treasurer shall give the Corporation a bond (which shall be renewed every six years) in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors for the faithful performance of the duties of his office and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of his death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in his possession or under his control belonging to the Corporation.
 SECTION 11. THE ASSISTANT TREASURER. The Assistant Treasurer, or if there shall be more than one, the Assistant Treasurers in the order determined by the Board of Directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election), shall, in the absence of the Treasurer or in the event of his inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Treasurer and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Chief Executive Officer, the Board of Directors or the Treasurer may from time to time prescribe.
 SECTION 12. OTHER OFFICERS, ASSISTANT OFFICERS AND AGENTS. Officers, Assistant Officers and Agents, if any, other than those whose duties are provided for in these Bylaws, shall have such authority and perform such duties as may from time to time be prescribed by resolution of the Board of Directors.
 SECTION 13. ABSENCE OF OFFICERS, DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY. In the absence of any officer of the Corporation, or for any other reason the Board of Directors may deem sufficient, the Board of Directors may from time to time delegate the powers or duties, or any of such powers or duties, of any officers or officer to any other officer or to any director.
 SECTION 14. COMPENSATION. The Board of Directors shall have the authority to establish reasonable salaries, compensation or reimbursement of all officers for services to the Corporation.
 
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 ARTICLE V.
CAPITAL STOCK
 SECTION  1. ISSUANCE OF STOCK. Subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law, the whole or any part of any unissued balance of the authorized capital stock of the Corporation or the whole or any part of any shares of the authorized capital stock of the Corporation held in the Corporation’s treasury may be issued, sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of by vote of the Board of Directors in such manner, for such lawful consideration and on such terms as the Board of Directors may determine.
 SECTION 2. CERTIFICATES OF SHARES; UNCERTIFICATED SHARES.
(a) The shares of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that the Board of Directors of the Corporation may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of its stock shall be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the Corporation. Every holder of stock represented by certificates shall be entitled to have a certificate, in such form as may be prescribed by law and by the Board of Directors, signed in a manner that complies with Section 158 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, representing the number of shares held by such holder registered in certificate form. Any or all the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile or pdf.
(b) Each certificate for shares of stock which are subject to any restriction on transfer pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws, applicable securities laws or any agreement among any number of stockholders or among such holders and the Corporation shall have conspicuously noted on the face or back of the certificate either the full text of the restriction or a statement of the existence of such restriction.
(c) If the Corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back of each certificate representing shares of such class or series of stock, provided that in lieu of the foregoing requirements there may be set forth on the face or back of each certificate representing shares of such class or series of stock a statement that the Corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests a copy of the full text of the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights.
(d) Within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of uncertificated shares, the Corporation shall send to the registered owner thereof a written notice containing the information required to be set forth or stated on certificates pursuant to Sections 151, 156, 202(a) or 218(a) of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or, with respect to Section 151 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, a statement that the Corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights.
 SECTION  3. SIGNATURES OF FORMER OFFICER, TRANSFER AGENT OR REGISTRAR. In case any officer, transfer agent, or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such person or entity were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.
 SECTION 4. TRANSFER OF SHARES. Transfers of shares of the Corporation shall be made only on the books of the Corporation, or by transfer agents designated to transfer shares of the Corporation. Subject to applicable law, shares of stock represented by certificates shall be transferred only on the books of the
 
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Corporation by the surrender to the Corporation or its transfer agent of the certificate representing such shares properly endorsed or accompanied by a written assignment or power of attorney properly executed, and with such proof of authority or the authenticity of signature as the Corporation or its transfer agent may reasonably require. Except as may be otherwise required by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws, the Corporation shall be entitled to treat the record holder of stock as shown on its books as the owner of such stock for all purposes, including the payment of dividends and the right to vote with respect to such stock, regardless of any transfer, pledge or other disposition of such stock until the shares have been transferred on the books of the Corporation in accordance with the requirements of these Bylaws.
 SECTION 5. LOST, DESTROYED OR STOLEN CERTIFICATES. Whenever a certificate representing shares of the Corporation has been lost, destroyed or stolen, the holder thereof may file in the office of the Corporation an affidavit setting forth, to the best of his knowledge and belief, the time, place, and circumstance of such loss, destruction or theft together with a statement of indemnity and posting of such bond sufficient in the opinion of the Board of Directors to indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made against it on account of the alleged loss of any such certificate. Thereupon the Board may cause to be issued to such person or such person’s legal representative a new certificate or a duplicate of the certificate alleged to have been lost, destroyed or stolen. In the exercise of its discretion, the Board of Directors may waive the indemnification and bond requirements provided herein.
 SECTION 6. REGULATIONS. The issue, transfer, conversion and registration of shares of stock of the Corporation shall be governed by such other regulations as the Board of Directors may establish.
 ARTICLE VI.
INDEMNIFICATION
 SECTION  1. RIGHT TO INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS. The Corporation shall indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended, any person (an “ Indemnified Person ”) who was or is made or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a “ Proceeding ”), by reason of the fact that such person, or a person for whom such person is the legal representative, is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or, while a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust, enterprise or nonprofit entity, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) reasonably incurred by such Indemnified Person in such Proceeding. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, except as otherwise provided in Section 3 of this Article VI, the Corporation shall be required to indemnify an Indemnified Person in connection with a Proceeding (or part thereof) commenced by such Indemnified Person only if the commencement of such Proceeding (or part thereof) by the Indemnified Person was authorized in advance by the Board of Directors.
 SECTION 2. PREPAYMENT OF EXPENSES OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS. The Corporation shall pay the expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by an Indemnified Person in defending any Proceeding in advance of its final disposition, provided , however , that, to the extent required by law, such payment of expenses in advance of the final disposition of the Proceeding shall be made only upon receipt of an undertaking by the Indemnified Person to repay all amounts advanced if it should be ultimately determined that the Indemnified Person is not entitled to be indemnified under this Article VI or otherwise.
 SECTION 3. CLAIMS BY DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS. If a claim for indemnification or advancement of expenses under this Article VII is not paid in full within 30 days after a written claim therefor by the Indemnified Person has been received by the Corporation, the Indemnified Person may file suit to recover the unpaid amount of such claim and, if successful in whole or in part, shall be entitled to be paid the expense of
 
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prosecuting such claim. In any such action the Corporation shall have the burden of proving that the Indemnified Person is not entitled to the requested indemnification or advancement of expenses under applicable law.
 SECTION 4. INDEMNIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES AND AGENTS. The Corporation may indemnify and advance expenses to any person who was or is made or is threatened to be made or is otherwise involved in any Proceeding by reason of the fact that such person, or a person for whom such person is the legal representative, is or was an employee or agent of the Corporation or, while an employee or agent of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust, enterprise or nonprofit entity, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such Proceeding. The ultimate determination of entitlement to indemnification of persons who are non-director or officer employees or agents shall be made in such manner as is determined by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, the Corporation shall not be required to indemnify a person in connection with a Proceeding initiated by such person if the Proceeding was not authorized in advance by the Board of Directors.
 SECTION 5. ADVANCEMENT OF EXPENSES OF EMPLOYEES AND AGENTS. The Corporation may pay the expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by an employee or agent in defending any Proceeding in advance of its final disposition on such terms and conditions as may be determined by the Board of Directors.
 SECTION 6. NON-EXCLUSIVITY OF RIGHTS. The rights conferred on any person by this Article VI shall not be exclusive of any other rights which such person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, these bylaws, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.
 SECTION 7. OTHER INDEMNIFICATION. The Corporation’s obligation, if any, to indemnify any person who was or is serving at its request as a director, officer or employee of another corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, organization or other enterprise shall be reduced by any amount such person may collect as indemnification from such other corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, organization or other enterprise.
 SECTION 8. INSURANCE. The Board of Directors may, to the full extent permitted by applicable law as it presently exists, or may hereafter be amended from time to time, authorize an appropriate officer or officers to purchase and maintain at the Corporation’s expense insurance: (a) to indemnify the Corporation for any obligation which it incurs as a result of the indemnification of directors, officers and employees under the provisions of this Article VII; and (b) to indemnify or insure directors, officers and employees against liability in instances in which they may not otherwise be indemnified by the Corporation under the provisions of this Article VII.
 SECTION 9. AMENDMENT OR REPEAL. Any repeal or modification of the foregoing provisions of this Article VII shall not adversely affect any right or protection hereunder of any person in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to the time of such repeal or modification. The rights provided hereunder shall inure to the benefit of any Indemnified Person and such person’s heirs, executors and administrators.
 ARTICLE VII.
DIVIDENDS
 SECTION  1. DECLARATIONS OF DIVIDENDS. Dividends upon the capital stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, if any, may be declared by the Board of Directors,
 
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pursuant to law. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the capital stock, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation.
 SECTION 2. SPECIAL PURPOSES RESERVES. The Board of Directors may set apart out of any of the funds of the Corporation available for dividends a reserve or reserves for any proper purpose and may abolish any such reserve.
 ARTICLE VIII.
NOTICE BY ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION
 SECTION 1. NOTICE BY ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION. Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to stockholders pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any notice to stockholders given by the Corporation under any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws shall be effective if given by a form of electronic transmission consented to by the stockholder to whom the notice is given. Any such consent shall be revocable by the stockholder by written notice to the Corporation. Any such consent shall be deemed revoked if:
(a) the Corporation is unable to deliver by electronic transmission two consecutive notices given by the Corporation in accordance with such consent; and
(b) such inability becomes known to the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Corporation or to the transfer agent, or other person responsible for the giving of notice.
However, the inadvertent failure to treat such inability as a revocation shall not invalidate any meeting or other action.
Any notice given pursuant to the preceding paragraph shall be deemed given:
(c) if by facsimile telecommunication, when directed to a number at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice;
(d) if by electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice;
(e) if by a posting on an electronic network together with separate notice to the stockholder of such specific posting, upon the later of (A) such posting and (B) the giving of such separate notice; and
(f) if by any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the stockholder.
An affidavit of the secretary or an assistant secretary or of the transfer agent or other agent of the Corporation that the notice has been given by a form of electronic transmission shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.
 SECTION 2. DEFINITION OF ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION. An “electronic transmission” means any form of communication, not directly involving the physical transmission of paper, that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved, and reviewed by a recipient thereof, and that may be directly reproduced in paper form by such a recipient through an automated process.
 SECTION 3. INAPPLICABILITY. Notice by a form of electronic transmission shall not apply to Sections 164, 296, 311, 312 or 324 of the Delaware General Corporation Law.
 
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 ARTICLE IX.
GENERAL PROVISIONS
 SECTION  1. FISCAL YEAR. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.
 SECTION 2. SEAL. The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation, the year of its organization and the words “Corporate Seal, Delaware” or such other form as shall be approved by the Board of Directors. Said seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.
 SECTION 3. WRITTEN WAIVER OF NOTICE. A written waiver of any notice required to be given by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws, signed by or electronically transmitted by the person entitled to notice, whether before, at or after the time of the event for which notice is to be given, shall be deemed equivalent to notice required to be given to such person. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of stockholders, directors or members of a committee of directors need be specified in any written waiver of notice.
 SECTION 4. ATTENDANCE AS WAIVER OF NOTICE. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting, and objects, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.
 SECTION 5. CONTRACTS . The Board of Directors may authorize any officer or officers, agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.
 SECTION 6. LOANS. No loans shall be contracted on behalf of the Corporation and no evidences of indebtedness shall be issued in its name unless authorized by a resolution of the Board of Directors. Such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.
 SECTION 7. CHECKS, DRAFTS, ETC. All checks, drafts or other orders for the payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the Corporation shall be signed by one or more officers or agents of the Corporation and in such manner as shall from time to time be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.
 SECTION 8. DEPOSITS. The funds of the Corporation may be deposited or invested in such bank account, in such investments or with such other depositaries as determined by the Board of Directors.
 SECTION 9. ANNUAL STATEMENT. The Board of Directors shall present at each annual meeting, and at any special meeting of the stockholders when called for by vote of the stockholders, a full and clear statement of the business and condition of the Corporation.
 SECTION 10. VOTING OF SECURITIES. Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise designate, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Treasurer may waive notice of, vote, or appoint any person or persons to vote, on behalf of the Corporation at, and act as, or appoint any person or persons to act as, proxy or attorney-in-fact for this Corporation (with or without power of substitution) at, any meeting of stockholders or securityholders of any other entity, the securities of which may be held by this Corporation.
 SECTION 11. EVIDENCE OF AUTHORITY. A certificate by the Secretary, or an Assistant Secretary, or a temporary Secretary, as to any action taken by the stockholders, directors, a committee or any officer or representative of the Corporation shall as to all persons who rely on the certificate in good faith be conclusive evidence of such action.
 
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 SECTION 12. CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION. All references in these Bylaws to the Certificate of Incorporation shall be deemed to refer to the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, as amended and in effect from time to time.
 SECTION 13. SEVERABILITY. Any determination that any provision of these Bylaws is for any reason inapplicable, illegal or ineffective shall not affect or invalidate any other provision of these Bylaws.
 SECTION 14. PRONOUNS. All pronouns used in these Bylaws shall be deemed to refer to the masculine, feminine or neuter, singular or plural, as the identity of the person or persons may require.
 ARTICLE X.
AMENDMENTS
 SECTION  1. BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. These Bylaws may be altered, amended or repealed, in whole or in part, or new Bylaws may be adopted by the Board of Directors, when such power is conferred upon the Board of Directors by the Certificate of Incorporation.
 SECTION 2. BY THE STOCKHOLDERS. These Bylaws may be altered, amended or repealed, in whole or in part, or new Bylaws may be adopted, by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of the capital stock of the Corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote. If the power to adopt, amend or repeal Bylaws is conferred upon the Board of Directors by the Certificate of Incorporation it shall not divest or limit the power of the stockholders to adopt, amend or repeal Bylaws.
 
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Exhibit 2.2
AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO THE BUSINESS COMBINATION AGREEMENT
This AMENDMENT NO. 1 (this “ Amendment ”), dated as of November 21, 2017, to the Business Combination Agreement (the “ BCA ”), dated as of October 17, 2017, by and among Impax Laboratories, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“ Impax ”), Atlas Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned Subsidiary of Impax (“ Holdco ”), K2 Merger Sub Corporation, a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned Subsidiary of Holdco (“ Merger Sub ”), and Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ Amneal ”), is made and entered into by and among Impax, Holdco, Merger Sub and Amneal. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the BCA.
RECITALS
WHEREAS, Impax, Holdco, Merger Sub and Amneal entered into the BCA on October 17, 2017;
WHEREAS, Section 9.12 of the BCA provides that the parties may amend the BCA at any time before or after receipt of the Impax Stockholder Approval;
WHEREAS, each of Impax, Holdco, Merger Sub and Amneal desires to amend certain terms of the BCA as set forth this Amendment; and
WHEREAS, the respective boards of directors or other governing body of each of Impax, Holdco, Merger Sub and Amneal have approved the Transactions on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the BCA, as amended by this Amendment, and have approved and declared advisable the BCA, as amended by this Amendment.
AGREEMENT
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises contained herein, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:
1. Exhibits . The following Exhibits to the BCA are hereby amended and replaced in their entirety as follows: (i) the form of the amended and restated certificate of incorporation of Holdco (the “ Amended and Restated Holdco Charter ”), which is Exhibit A to the BCA, is replaced in its entirety with the form attached hereto as Annex A ; (ii) the form of the amended and restated bylaws of Holdco (the “ Amended and Restated Holdco Bylaws ”), which is Exhibit B to the BCA, is replaced in its entirety with the form attached hereto as Annex B ; (iii) the form of the restated Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC Operating Agreement (the “ Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement ”), which is Exhibit H to the BCA, is replaced in its entirety with the form attached hereto as Annex C , (iv) the form of the Stockholders Agreement entered into on October 17, 2017, by and among Holdco, Amneal Pharmaceuticals Holding Company, LLC, AP Class D Member, LLC, AP Class E Member, LLC, AH PPU Management, LLC (the “ Stockholders Agreement ”), which is Exhibit I to the BCA, is replaced in its entirety with the form of Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement by and among Holdco, Amneal Pharmaceuticals Holding Company, LLC, AP Class D Member, LLC, AP Class E Member, LLC, and AH PPU Management, LLC attached hereto as Annex D , and (v) the form of the Tax Receivable Agreement to be entered into by Holdco, Amneal and the other members of Amneal from time to time (the “ Tax Receivable Agreement ”), which is Exhibit J to the BCA, is replaced in its entirety with the form attached hereto as Annex E .
 
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2. Existing Amneal Member Actions Following the Recapitalization . The proviso in Section 1.01(c)(iii) and the second sentence of Section 6.16(a) of the BCA are hereby amended to insert the bolded and underlined language below:
 
 	a.	Section 1.01(c)(iii) : “ provided , that immediately following the Recapitalization, each Existing Amneal Member shall transfer such Amneal Units and all shares of Class B Common Stock issued to it pursuant to Section 1.01(d) hereof to the Amneal Group Representative (and the schedule of members to the Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement shall be updated accordingly)”	
 
 	b.	Section 6.16(a) : “Immediately following the Recapitalization, Amneal shall cause each Existing Amneal Member to contribute its Amneal Units and all shares of Class B Common Stock issued to it pursuant to Section 1.01(d) hereof to Amneal Holdings, LLC in exchange for additional interests in Amneal Holdings, LLC (and shall cause the schedule of members to the Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement to be updated accordingly).”	
3. Interpretation; Construction . The fourth sentence of Section 9.04 of the BCA is hereby amended and replaced in its entirety with the following:
“The words ‘hereof’, ‘herein’ and ‘hereunder’ and words of similar import when used in this Agreement shall, from and after the date of this Amendment, refer to this Agreement, as amended by this Amendment, as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement. Each reference herein to ‘the date of this Amendment’ shall refer to the date set forth above and each reference to the ‘date of this Agreement’, the ‘date hereof’, ‘concurrently with the execution and delivery of this Agreement’ and similar references shall refer to October 17, 2017.”
4. Confirmation of BCA . Other than as expressly modified pursuant to this Amendment, all of the terms, covenants and other provisions of the BCA are hereby ratified and confirmed and shall continue to be in full force and effect in accordance with their respective terms.
5. Counterparts . This Amendment may be executed in any number of counterparts, each such counterpart being deemed to be an original instrument, and all such counterparts shall together constitute one and the same agreement.
6. General Provisions . The provisions of Article IX of the BCA shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Amendment, and to the BCA as modified by this Amendment, taken together as a single agreement, reflecting the terms therein as modified by this Amendment.
[ Signature Page Follows ]
 
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Amendment has been duly executed and delivered by the duly authorized officers of the parties hereto as of the date first written above.

IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.	
		
By:	 	/s/ Paul M. Bisaro	
					
Name:	 	Paul M. Bisaro	
Title:	 	Chief Executive Officer and President	

K2 MERGER SUB CORPORATION	
		
By:	 	/s/ Paul M. Bisaro	
			
Name:	 	Paul M. Bisaro	
Title:	 	Chief Executive Officer and President	

ATLAS HOLDINGS, INC.	
		
By:	 	/s/ Paul M. Bisaro	
			
Name:	 	Paul M. Bisaro	
Title:	 	Chief Executive Officer and President	
[ Signature Page to Amendment No. 1 to BCA ]

			
AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS, LLC	
		
By:	 	/s/ Chintu Patel	
	 	Name: Chintu Patel	
	 	Title: Manager	

		
By:	 	/s/ Chirag Patel	
	 	Name: Chirag Patel	
	 	Title: Manager	

		
By:	 	/s/ Tushar Patel	
	 	Name: Tushar Patel	
	 	Title: Manager	

		
By:	 	/s/ Gautam Patel	
	 	Name: Gautam Patel	
	 	Title: Manager	
[ Signature Page to Amendment No. 1 to BCA ]

Annex A
AMENDED AND RESTATED HOLDCO CHARTER

Annex B
AMENDED AND RESTATED HOLDCO BYLAWS

Annex C
RESTATED AMNEAL LLC OPERATING AGREEMENT

Annex D
STOCKHOLDERS AGREEMENT

Annex E
TAX RECEIVABLE AGREEMENT

Exhibit 2.3
AMENDMENT NO. 2 TO THE BUSINESS COMBINATION AGREEMENT
This AMENDMENT NO. 2 (this “ Amendment ”), dated as of December 16, 2017, to the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of October 17, 2017 (the “ BCA ”), as amended by Amendment No. 1, dated as of November 21, 2017 (“ Amendment No.  1 ”), by and among Impax Laboratories, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“ Impax ”), Atlas Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned Subsidiary of Impax (“ Holdco ”), K2 Merger Sub Corporation, a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned Subsidiary of Holdco (“ Merger Sub ”), and Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ Amneal ”), is made and entered into by and among Impax, Holdco, Merger Sub and Amneal. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the BCA.
RECITALS
WHEREAS, Impax, Holdco, Merger Sub and Amneal entered into the BCA on October 17, 2017 and Amendment No. 1 thereto on November 21, 2017;
WHEREAS, Section 9.12 of the BCA, as amended by Amendment No. 1, provides that the parties may amend the BCA at any time before or after receipt of the Impax Stockholder Approval;
WHEREAS, each of Impax, Holdco, Merger Sub and Amneal desires to amend certain terms of the BCA, as amended by Amendment No. 1, as set forth in this Amendment; and
WHEREAS, the respective boards of directors or other governing body of each of Impax, Holdco, Merger Sub and Amneal have approved the transactions contemplated by the BCA on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the BCA, as amended by Amendment No. 1 and this Amendment, and have approved and declared advisable the BCA, as amended by Amendment No. 1 and this Amendment.
AGREEMENT
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises contained herein, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:
1.  Stockholders Agreement . The form of the Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement entered into on November 21, 2017, by and among Holdco, Amneal Pharmaceuticals Holding Company, LLC, AP Class D Member, LLC, AP Class E Member, LLC, AH PPU Management, LLC (the “ A&R Stockholders Agreement ”), which is Exhibit I to the BCA, as amended by Amendment No. 1, is replaced in its entirety with the form of the Second Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement by and among Holdco, Amneal Pharmaceuticals Holding Company, LLC, AP Class D Member, LLC, AP Class E Member, LLC, and AH PPU Management, LLC attached hereto as Annex A .
2. Form of Amended and Restated Holdco Bylaws . The form of the amended and restated bylaws of Holdco (the “ Amended and Restated Holdco Bylaws ”), which is Exhibit B to the BCA, is replaced in its entirety with the form attached hereto as Annex B .
3. Interpretation; Construction . The fourth sentence of Section 9.04 of the BCA, as amended by Amendment No. 1, is hereby amended and replaced in its entirety with the following:
“The words ‘hereof’, ‘herein’ and ‘hereunder’ and words of similar import when used in this Agreement shall, from and after the date of this Amendment, refer to this Agreement, as amended by
 
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Amendment No. 1 and this Amendment, as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement. Each reference herein to ‘the date of this Amendment’ shall refer to the date set forth above and each reference to the ‘date of this Agreement’, the ‘date hereof’, ‘concurrently with the execution and delivery of this Agreement’ and similar references shall refer to October 17, 2017.”
4. Confirmation of BCA . Other than as expressly modified pursuant to this Amendment, all of the terms, covenants and other provisions of the BCA, as amended by Amendment No. 1, are hereby ratified and confirmed and shall continue to be in full force and effect in accordance with their respective terms.
5.  Counterparts . This Amendment may be executed in any number of counterparts, each such counterpart being deemed to be an original instrument, and all such counterparts shall together constitute one and the same agreement.
6. General Provisions . The provisions of Article IX of the BCA shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Amendment, and to the BCA as modified by Amendment No. 1 and this Amendment, taken together as a single agreement, reflecting the terms therein as modified by Amendment No. 1 and this Amendment.
[ Signature Page Follows ]
 
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Amendment has been duly executed and delivered by the duly authorized officers of the parties hereto as of the date first written above.

IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.	
		
By:	 	  /s/ Paul M. Bisaro	
Name:	 	Paul M. Bisaro	
Title:	 	Chief Executive Officer and President	
	
K2 MERGER SUB CORPORATION	
		
By:	 	  /s/ Paul M. Bisaro	
Name:	 	Paul M. Bisaro	
Title:	 	Chief Executive Officer and President	
	
ATLAS HOLDINGS, INC.	
		
By:	 	  /s/ Paul M. Bisaro	
Name:	 	Paul M. Bisaro	
Title:	 	Chief Executive Officer and President	
 
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AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS, LLC	
		
By:  	 	  /s/ Chintu Patel	
	 	Name: Chintu Patel	
	 	Title: Manager	
		
By:  	 	  /s/ Chirag Patel	
	 	Name: Chirag Patel	
	 	Title: Manager	
		
By:  	 	  /s/ Tushar Patel	
	 	Name: Tushar Patel	
	 	Title: Manager	
		
By:  	 	  /s/ Gautam Patel	
	 	Name: Gautam Patel	
	 	Title: Manager	
 
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Annex A
A&R STOCKHOLDERS AGREEMENT

Annex B
AMENDED AND RESTATED HOLDCO BYLAWS

Exhibit 2.4
November 21, 2017
TPG Improv Holdings, L.P.
c/o TPG Partners VII, L.P.
301 Commerce Street
Suite 3300
Fort Worth, TX 76102
RE: Letter Agreement
Ladies and Gentlemen:
This letter agreement (this “ Agreement ”) is by and among Amneal Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Seller ”), Atlas Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“ Newco ”), and TPG Improv Holdings, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “ TPG Purchaser ”). Reference is made to (i) the Share Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 17, 2017, among the Seller, the TPG Purchaser and the other purchaser parties thereto (the “ Purchase Agreement ”), (ii) the Business Combination Agreement, and (iii) the Letter Agreement, dated as of October 17, 2017, between the Seller and the TPG Purchaser (the “ Existing Side Letter ”). Capitalized terms used herein without definitions shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Purchase Agreement, the Business Combination Agreement or the Existing Side Letter, as applicable.
In satisfaction of the Seller’s obligations under Sections 1 and 2 of the Existing Side Letter, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is acknowledged and accepted, the Seller, Newco and the TPG Purchaser hereby agree as follows:
 
 	1.	Amendments to Various Transaction Documents to Add New Security . As contemplated in Section 1 of the Existing Side Letter, the parties (as applicable) agree to execute the following agreements, amended as described below to delete the stricken text (indicated textually in the same manner as the following example: stricken text ) and to add the double-underlined text (indicated textually in the same manner as the following example: added double-underlined text ) to enable the TPG Purchaser to purchase Class B-1 Common Stock of Newco:	
(i) the Purchase Agreement, as set forth in Exhibit A hereto;
(ii) the Stockholders Agreement, as set forth in Exhibit B hereto;
(iii) the Form of Amended and Restated Holdco Charter, as set forth in Exhibit C hereto;
(iv) the Form of Tax Receivable Agreement, as set forth in Exhibit D hereto; and
(iv) the Form of Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement, as set forth in Exhibit E hereto.
 
 	2.	Registration Rights . As among the parties to this Agreement, the Form of Registration Rights Agreement is hereby amended as set forth below:	
 
 	a.	“ Common Stock ” as defined in the Form of Registration Rights Agreement referenced in the Purchase Agreement shall include the Class B-1 Common Stock, par value $0.01, of Newco.	
 
 	b.	The definition of “Registrable Securities” in the Form of Registration Rights Agreement shall include the Class A Common Stock (if any) and the Class B-1 Common Stock that the TPG Purchaser holds at Closing and the Class A Common Stock underlying such Class B-1 Common Stock. As among the parties to this Agreement and for purposes of each of the Stockholders Agreement and the Form of Registration Rights Agreement, Registrable Securities held by the TPG Purchaser or its Affiliates shall cease to be “Registrable Securities” upon the earliest of	
 
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 	(A) the first anniversary of the TPG Purchaser or its Affiliates holding less than 2% of the outstanding shares of common stock of Newco, (B) the later of (i) four years after the Closing Date and (ii) such time as the TPG Purchaser can immediately sell such securities without restriction under Rule 144 or (C) their transfer to a non-Affiliate of the TPG Purchaser.	
 
 	c.	The TPG Purchaser shall be entitled to an aggregate total of two TPG Demands (as defined in the Existing Side Letter) in a manner consistent with Section 5.3 of the Stockholders Agreement (including that the TPG Purchaser shall be entitled to select the underwriters in connection with any TPG Demand), provided it does not count as a TPG Demand if the TPG Purchaser requests to sell $150,000,000 or more securities in Newco but is not permitted to sell at least $150,000,000 of securities in Newco. Notwithstanding the foregoing or anything to the contrary in Section 5.3 of the Stockholders Agreement, the rights of the TPG Purchaser shall not be subject to, or otherwise restricted by, the Lock-up Period (as defined in the Stockholders Agreement).	
 
 	d.	With respect to a TPG Demand, Newco’s cooperation obligations shall be substantially the same as its cooperation obligations for underwritten offerings as set forth in the Stockholders Agreement, including providing holdback agreements for Newco, and its directors, officers and other Affiliates, participation in a roadshow, providing comfort letters, etc.	
 
 	e.	The TPG Purchaser shall have the right to piggyback on any underwritten offering in a manner consistent with Section 5.4 of the Stockholders Agreement.	
 
 	f.	Underwriter cutbacks will be pro rata, provided that, if requested by the TPG Purchaser, the TPG Purchaser shall be permitted to sell at least the lesser of (A) 50% of the dollar value of the shares of Newco common stock to be sold in the applicable offering or (B) $150,000,000 of shares of Newco common stock (it being understood any such request when the TPG Purchaser would otherwise have been cut back will count as a TPG Demand).	
 
 	3.	Observer Rights .	
 
 	a.	Effective as of the Closing, until the earliest of (i) such time as the TPG Purchaser beneficially owns (as interpreted under Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act) 4% or less of the outstanding shares of common stock of Newco (the “ Ownership Threshold ”), (ii) such time as a Class B-1 Director (as defined in the Amended and Restated Holdco Charter) is elected or (iii) such time as a Director Election is made by the TPG Purchaser, the TPG Purchaser shall have the right to designate, and Newco shall permit, one individual (the “ Observer ”) to attend all Meetings of the board of directors of Newco (the “ Board ”) and (subject to applicable listing requirements) any committee thereof, in a non-voting, observer capacity, provided, however, that the Observer shall be reasonably acceptable to the Nominating Committee of the Board and shall satisfy the eligibility requirements of Amneal Directors (as defined in the Stockholders Agreement). The Observer shall be provided with notice of all Meetings in substantially the same manner and at substantially the same time as the members of the Board or its applicable committee. The term “ Meetings ” means all meetings of the Board and all meetings of each Board committee (whether regular, special or otherwise, and whether held in person, by telephone conference call or otherwise), including any actions taken by the Board or one of its committees by written consent.	
 
 	b.	The Observer shall have the right to receive, prior to each Meeting or, if no meeting is held, simultaneously with any distribution to the Board or its applicable committee true and complete copies of any and all information and materials distributed to the Board or such committee or discussed at a meeting of or resolved upon by the Board or such committee. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Newco may withhold certain information and may exclude the Observer from certain portions of Meetings to the extent that outside legal counsel has advised Newco that access to such information or attendance at such Meeting portion would impair attorney-client privilege or frustrate the Board’s intention to limit access to such information or attendance to “independent” or “disinterested” participants; provided that, in such instance, Newco will use reasonable best	
 
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 	efforts to communicate such information to the Observer to the maximum extent possible so as not to impair such privilege or frustrate such intention.	
 
 	c.	The Observer will be reimbursed for its expenses in the same manner as the members of the Board.	
 
 	d.	Following the Closing, subject to Section 3(e) and Section 3(f), upon the resignation, retirement or cessation of serving (whether as a result of death, disability or otherwise) of the Observer or other removal by the TPG Purchaser of the Observer, the TPG Purchaser shall be entitled to designate a replacement individual to serve as the Observer, provided, however, that the replacement individual shall be reasonably acceptable to the Nominating Committee of the Board and shall satisfy the eligibility requirements of Amneal Directors (as defined in the Stockholders Agreement).	
 
 	e.	Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, if for any period greater than 20 consecutive days the TPG Purchaser shall beneficially own securities of Newco representing less than the Ownership Threshold, (A) the TPG Purchaser shall cease to have the right to designate an Observer under this Section 3 and (B) the TPG Purchaser’s rights under this Section 3 shall expire.	
 
 	f.	If (i) a Director Election shall have been made by the TPG Purchaser or (ii) a Class B-1 Director is elected, then the TPG Purchaser’s rights under this Section 3 shall immediately expire.	
 
 	4.	Director Designation Rights .	
 
 	a.	From the Closing until the earlier of (i) the first anniversary of the Closing Date and (ii) such time as a Class B-1 Director is elected, upon delivery by the TPG Purchaser to Seller of its written election pursuant to this Section 4 to change its Observer into a director on the Board (a “ Director Election ”), if the TPG Purchaser meets the Ownership Threshold, Newco and the Board shall take all necessary action (including by expanding the size of the Board and by filling vacancies) to cause the Observer to become a director on the Board. As used herein, the “ TPG Designee ” shall mean (x) the Observer who becomes a director on the Board as a result of a Director Election, (y) any Class B-1 Director after such time as no shares of Class B-1 Common Stock remain outstanding or (z) any person who succeeds a person described in (x) or (y) as a director on the Board as a result of the TPG Purchaser exercising its rights under Section 4(c) hereof.	
 
 	b.	Following the initial election or appointment of a TPG Designee, subject to Section 4(d) hereof, as long as such TPG Designee satisfies the governance guidelines of Newco, as in effect from time to time, that are applicable to Amneal Directors (as defined in the Stockholders Agreement) serving on the Board, upon the written request of the TPG Purchaser, (i) Newco shall cause the TPG Designee to be included in the slate of directors approved by the Board for election at each meeting of stockholders of Newco (and any action by written consent to elect directors, if any) at which directors are elected and (ii) Newco and the Board shall recommend the election of the TPG Designee to the Board, and shall use its reasonable best efforts to solicit proxies from the stockholders of Newco in favor of such election.	
 
 	c.	Upon the resignation, retirement or cessation of serving (whether as a result of death, disability or otherwise) of the TPG Designee or other removal by the TPG Purchaser of the TPG Designee, (A) the TPG Purchaser shall be entitled to designate a replacement TPG Designee who satisfies the requirements of the governance guidelines of Newco, as in effect from time to time, that are applicable to Amneal Directors (as defined in the Stockholders Agreement) serving on the Board and is reasonably acceptable to the Nominating Committee of the Board and (B) Newco shall promptly cause the appointment or election of such replacement designee as the TPG Designee and a director on the Board.	
 
 	d.	Notwithstanding the foregoing, if for any period greater than 20 consecutive days after Closing the TPG Purchaser shall beneficially own securities of Newco representing less than the Ownership	
 
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 	Threshold, (A) the TPG Purchaser shall promptly cause the TPG Designee to offer his or her resignation to Newco and (B) the TPG Purchaser’s rights under this Section 4 shall expire.	
 
 	5.	Satisfaction of Obligations under Existing Side Letter . The TPG Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that the obligations of the Seller and Newco under the Existing Side Letter set forth in Sections 1 and 2 of the Existing Side Letter shall be satisfied in full upon the execution and delivery of this Agreement.	
 
 	6.	Miscellaneous .	
 
 	a.	In the event of any conflict between this Agreement and either of (i) the Existing Side Letter or (ii) the Purchase Agreement, this Agreement shall control. For the avoidance of doubt, this Agreement does not supersede Sections 3, 4, 5 or 6 of the Existing Side Letter and such provisions remain in full force and effect.	
 
 	b.	Sections 9.02 (Interpretation), 9.11 (Governing Law: Submission to Jurisdiction), 9.12 (Waiver of Jury Trial), 9.13 (Specific Performance), 9.15 (Assignment; No Third-Party Beneficiaries) and 9.16 (Execution in Counterparts) of the Purchase Agreement are all incorporated herein by reference, mutatis mutandis, as if set forth herein.	
[Signature Page Follows]
 
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If the foregoing correctly reflects the agreement between us on the subject matter hereof, please sign and return a copy of this Agreement to the undersigned.

Very truly yours,	
	
AMNEAL HOLDINGS, LLC	
		
By	 	 	
Name:	 		
Title:	 		
	
ATLAS HOLDINGS, INC.	
		
By	 	/s/ Paul M. Bisaro	
Name:	 	Paul M. Bisaro	
Title:	 	Chief Executive Officer and President	
Acknowledged and Agreed to as
of the date first written above:
TPG IMPROV HOLDINGS, L.P.
By: TPG GenPar VII, L.P., its general partner
By: TPG GenPar VII Advisors, LLC, its general partner

By:	 	/s/ Michael LaGatta	
	 	Name:  Michael LaGatta	
	 	Title:   Vice President	
[ Signature Page to Second Side Letter ]
 
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Exhibit A
SHARE PURCHASE AGREEMENT
among
AMNEAL HOLDINGS, LLC
and
THE PURCHASERS PARTY HERETO
October 17, 2017
 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 	  	 	  	Page	 	
ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS	  	 	10	 	
			
Section 1.01	  	Definitions	  	 	10	 	
Section 1.02	  	Accounting Procedures and Interpretation	  	 	17	 	
		
ARTICLE II AGREEMENT TO SELL AND PURCHASE	  	 	18	 	
Section 2.01	  	Sale and Purchase	  	 	18	 	
Section 2.02	  	Closing	  	 	18	 	
Section 2.03	  	Mutual Conditions	  	 	18	 	
Section 2.04	  	Conditions to Each Purchaser’s Obligations	  	 	18	 	
Section 2.05	  	Conditions to the Seller’s Obligations	  	 	19	 	
Section 2.06	  	Deliverables at the Closing	  	 	20	 	
Section 2.07	  	Independent Nature of Purchasers’ Obligations and Rights	  	 	21	 	
Section 2.08	  	Further Assurances	  	 	21	 	
		
ARTICLE III REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE SELLER	  	 	21	 	
			
Section 3.01	  	Existence, Qualification and Power	  	 	21	 	
Section 3.02	  	Ownership of Securities	  	 	22	 	
Section 3.03	  	Approvals	  	 	22	 	
Section 3.04	  	No Registration Required	  	 	22	 	
Section 3.05	  	Litigation	  	 	22	 	
Section 3.06	  	No Conflicts	  	 	22	 	
Section 3.07	  	Authority; Enforceability	  	 	22	 	
Section 3.08	  	Certain Fees	  	 	23	 	
Section 3.09	  	No Side Agreements	  	 	23	 	
Section 3.10	  	Material Information	  	 	23	 	
Section 3.11	  	Absence of Manipulation	  	 	23	 	
		
ARTICLE IV REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY	  	 	24	 	
			
Section 4.01	  	Existence, Qualification and Power	  	 	24	 	
Section 4.02	  	Capitalization and Valid Issuance of Securities	  	 	24	 	
Section 4.03	  	Ownership of the Material Subsidiaries	  	 	25	 	
Section 4.04	  	Company SEC Documents	  	 	25	 	
Section 4.05	  	Financial Statements	  	 	25	 	
Section 4.06	  	Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	  	 	26	 	
Section 4.07	  	No Material Adverse Effect	  	 	26	 	
Section 4.08	  	No Registration Required	  	 	26	 	
Section 4.09	  	No Restrictions or Registration Rights	  	 	26	 	
Section 4.10	  	Litigation	  	 	26	 	
Section 4.11	  	Compliance	  	 	27	 	
Section 4.12	  	No Conflicts	  	 	27	 	
Section 4.13	  	Authority; Enforceability	  	 	27	 	
Section 4.14	  	Approvals	  	 	28	 	
Section 4.15	  	Distribution Restrictions	  	 	28	 	
Section 4.16	  	Investment Company Status	  	 	28	 	
Section 4.17	  	Certain Fees	  	 	28	 	
Section 4.18	  	Insurance	  	 	28	 	
Section 4.19	  	Internal Controls	  	 	28	 	
Section 4.20	  	Disclosure Controls and Procedures	  	 	29	 	
Section 4.21	  	Sarbanes-Oxley	  	 	29	 	
 
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 	  	 	  	Page	 	
Section 4.22	  	Listing and Maintenance Requirements	  	 	29	 	
Section 4.23	  	ERISA Compliance	  	 	29	 	
Section 4.24	  	Labor Matters	  	 	30	 	
Section 4.25	  	Intellectual Property; Licenses, Etc.	  	 	30	 	
Section 4.26	  	Ownership of Property; Liens	  	 	31	 	
Section 4.27	  	Environmental Matters	  	 	31	 	
Section 4.28	  	Tax Returns; Taxes	  	 	31	 	
Section 4.29	  	Required Disclosures and Descriptions	  	 	31	 	
Section 4.30	  	Shell Company Status	  	 	31	 	
Section 4.31	  	USA PATRIOT Act, Anti-Corruption Laws and Sanctions	  	 	32	 	
Section 4.32	  	OFAC Representation	  	 	32	 	
Section 4.33	  	Money Laundering Laws	  	 	32	 	
Section 4.34	  	No Directed Selling Efforts or General Solicitation	  	 	32	 	
Section 4.35	  	No Integrated Offering	  	 	32	 	
Section 4.36	  	No Side Agreements	  	 	32	 	
Section 4.37	  	Absence of Manipulation	  	 	33	 	
		
ARTICLE V REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE PURCHASERS	  	 	33	 	
			
Section 5.01	  	Existence	  	 	33	 	
Section 5.02	  	Authorization, Enforceability	  	 	33	 	
Section 5.03	  	No Breach	  	 	33	 	
Section 5.04	  	Certain Fees	  	 	33	 	
Section 5.05	  	Unregistered Securities	  	 	33	 	
Section 5.06	  	Sufficient Funds	  	 	35	 	
Section 5.07	  	No Prohibited Trading	  	 	35	 	
Section 5.08	  	No General Solicitation	  	 	36	 	
Section 5.09	  	No Reliance	  	 	36	 	
Section 5.10	  	No Side Agreements	  	 	36	 	
		
ARTICLE VI COVENANTS	  	 	36	 	
			
Section 6.01	  	Cooperation; Further Assurances	  	 	36	 	
Section 6.02	  	Pre-Closing Covenants	  	 	36	 	
Section 6.03	  	Integration	  	 	37	 	
Section 6.04	  	Company Joinder	  	 	37	 	
Section 6.05	  	Company Lock-Up	  	 	37	 	
		
ARTICLE VII INDEMNIFICATION, COSTS AND EXPENSES	  	 	37	 	
			
Section 7.01	  	Indemnification by the Seller and the Company	  	 	37	 	
Section 7.02	  	Indemnification Procedure	  	 	38	 	
Section 7.03	  	Tax Matters	  	 	39	 	
		
ARTICLE VIII TERMINATION	  	 	39	 	
			
Section 8.01	  	Termination	  	 	39	 	
Section 8.02	  	Certain Effects of Termination	  	 	39	 	
		
ARTICLE IX MISCELLANEOUS	  	 	39	 	
			
Section 9.01	  	Expenses	  	 	39	 	
Section 9.02	  	Interpretation	  	 	39	 	
Section 9.03	  	Massachusetts Business Trust	  	 	40	 	
Section 9.04	  	Survival of Provisions	  	 	40	 	
Section 9.05	  	No Waiver: Modifications in Writing	  	 	40	 	
 
8

							
 	  	 	  	Page	 	
Section 9.06	  	Binding Effect	  	 	41	 	
Section 9.07	  	Publicity	  	 	41	 	
Section 9.08	  	Communications	  	 	42	 	
Section 9.09	  	Removal of Legend	  	 	42	 	
Section 9.10	  	Entire Agreement	  	 	43	 	
Section 9.11	  	Governing Law: Submission to Jurisdiction	  	 	43	 	
Section 9.12	  	Waiver of Jury Trial	  	 	43	 	
Section 9.13	  	Specific Performance	  	 	44	 	
Section 9.14	  	No Recourse Against Others	  	 	44	 	
Section 9.15	  	Assignment; No Third-Party Beneficiaries	  	 	44	 	
Section 9.16	  	Execution in Counterparts	  	 	45	 	
Section 9.17	  	Certain Adjustments	  	 	45	 	

 
9

SHARE PURCHASE AGREEMENT
This SHARE PURCHASE AGREEMENT , dated as of October 17, 2017 (this “ Agreement ”), is entered into by and among AMNEAL HOLDINGS, LLC , a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Seller ”), and the purchasers set forth in Schedule A hereto (the “ Purchasers ”).
WHEREAS , the Seller desires to sell to the Purchasers, and the Purchasers desire to purchase from the Seller, the Purchased Shares (as defined below), in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement;
WHEREAS , in connection with the sale of the Purchased Shares pursuant to this Agreement, the Company (as defined below) and the Purchasers will enter into the Registration Rights Agreement (as defined below), pursuant to which the Company will provide the Purchasers with certain registration rights with respect to the Purchased Shares; and
WHEREAS , the Company shall become a party to this Agreement upon the Closing by executing and delivering a Company Joinder (as defined below).
NOW THEREFORE , in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements set forth herein and for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereby agree as follows:
 ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
 Section  1.01 Definitions . As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings indicated:
“ Affiliate ” means, with respect to any Person, any other Person that directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries controls, is controlled by or is under common control with, the Person in question. As used herein, the term “control” means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise. For the avoidance of doubt, for purposes of this Agreement, (a) the Seller or the Company Entities, on the one hand, and any Purchaser, on the other, shall not be considered Affiliates of each other and (b) any fund or account managed, advised or subadvised, directly or indirectly, by a Purchaser or its Affiliates, shall be considered an Affiliate of such Purchaser.
“ Agent ” means J.P. Morgan Securities LLC.
“ Agreement ” has the meaning specified in the introductory paragraph of this Agreement.
“ Amneal Business ” means the business conducted by Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and its Subsidiaries.
“ Anti-Corruption Laws ” means all laws, rules and regulations of any jurisdiction applicable to the Seller, the Company or its Subsidiaries from time to time concerning or relating to bribery, money-laundering or corruption, including without limitation, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1997.
“ Business Combination Agreement ” means the Business Combination Agreement by and among (A) Impax; (B) Newco; (C) Impax Merger Sub Corporation; and (D) Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, dated October 17, 2017.
“ Business Day ” means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday, any federal legal holiday or day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by Law or other governmental action to close.
 
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“ Capitalization Date ” has the meaning specified in Section 4.02(a).
“ Class  A Common Stock ” means the Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of Newco.
“ Class B-1 Common Stock ” means the Class B-1 common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of Newco.
“ Closing ” has the meaning specified in Section 2.02.
“ Closing Date ” means the date on which the Closing occurs.
“ Code ” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
“ Commission ” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
“ Common Share ” means, prior to the consummation of the Merger, a share of the common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company and, from and after the consummation of the Merger, and for the avoidance of doubt at the time of the Closing, the Class A Common Stock, which will be the same class of common stock as that issued to holders of common stock of Impax upon the consummation of the Merger , and/or the Class  B-1 Common Stock .
“ Common Share Offering Price ” means $18.25 per Common Share, as adjusted for any stock split, stock dividend or share contribution with respect to the Common Shares that occurs prior to the Closing.
“ Company ” means, prior to the consummation of the Merger, Impax and from and after the consummation of the Merger, Newco.
“ Company Entities ” means, collectively, the Company, the Company’s Subsidiaries and those Persons that will be Subsidiaries of the Company upon consummation of the Merger, including Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC and its Subsidiaries.
“ Company Joinder ” has the meaning specified in Section 2.06(a)(i).
“ Company Lock-Up ” has the meaning specified in Section 2.06(a)(iv).
“ Company Product ” means any product developed, tested, manufactured, marketed, sold or distributed by or on behalf of the Company Entities.
“ Company SEC Documents ” means the Company’s forms, registration statements, reports, schedules and statements filed by it under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act, as applicable, including, for the avoidance of doubt, the Registration Statement.
“ Confidentiality Agreements ” means the confidentiality agreements entered into by the Seller and each of the Purchasers or their Affiliates, as applicable, as may be amended from time to time.
“ Consent ” has the meaning specified in Section 3.03.
“ Contract ” means any contract, agreement, indenture, note, bond, mortgage, deed of trust, loan, instrument, lease, license, commitment or other arrangement, understanding, undertaking, commitment or obligation, whether written or oral.
“ Debt Commitment Letter ” means an executed commitment letter (including all exhibits and schedules thereto) pursuant to which the Debt Financing Sources party thereto have agreed (on the terms and subject to the conditions thereof), to lend the amounts set forth therein and the fee letter(s) referenced in the Debt Commitment Letter.
 
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“ Debt Financing Sources ” means the persons, including the lenders that have committed to provide or arrange any debt financing or alternative debt financing in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including the parties named in the Debt Commitment Letter and any joinder agreements, note purchase agreements, indentures or credit agreements entered into pursuant thereto or relating thereto and, in each case, their respective successors and assigns.
“ DGCL ” means the Delaware General Corporation Law, as may be amended or revised from time to time.
“ Drop-Dead Date ” means the date that is nine months after the date of this Agreement.
“ Environmental Claim ” means any and all administrative, regulatory or judicial actions, suits, demands, demand letters, claims, liens, notices of noncompliance or violation, investigations by any Governmental Authority, or proceedings with respect to any Environmental Liability or pursuant to Environmental Law, including those (1) by any Governmental Authority for enforcement, cleanup, removal, response, remedial or other actions or damages pursuant to any Environmental Law and (2) by any Person seeking damages, contribution, indemnification, cost recovery, compensation or injunctive relief pursuant to any Environmental Law.
“ Environmental Laws ” means any and all Laws relating to pollution, the protection of the environment or natural resources or, to the extent relating to exposure to Hazardous Materials, human health and safety.
“ Environmental Liability ” means any liability, contingent or otherwise (including any liability for damages, costs of environmental remediation, fines, penalties or indemnities) of any Company Entity directly or indirectly resulting from or based upon:
(1) any actual or alleged violation of any Environmental Law,
(2) the generation, use, handling, transportation, storage, treatment or disposal of any Hazardous Materials,
(3) exposure to any Hazardous Materials,
(4) the release or threatened release of any Hazardous Materials into the indoor or outdoor environment or
(5) any contract, agreement or other consensual arrangement pursuant to which liability is assumed or imposed with respect to any of the foregoing.
“ Environmental Permit ” means any permit, approval, identification number, license or other authorization required under or issued pursuant to any Environmental Law.
“ ERISA ” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.
“ ERISA Affiliate ” means any trade or business (whether or not incorporated) under common control with the Company or the Seller, as applicable, within the meaning of Section 414(b) or (c) of the Code (and Sections 414(m) and (o) of the Code for purposes of provisions relating to Section 412 of the Code).
“ ERISA Event ” means (a) a Reportable Event with respect to a Pension Plan; (b) the withdrawal of the Company, the Seller or any ERISA Affiliate from a Pension Plan subject to Section 4063 of ERISA during a plan year in which such entity was a “substantial employer” as defined in Section 4001(a)(2) of ERISA or a cessation of operations that is treated as such a withdrawal under Section 4062(e) of ERISA; (c) a complete or partial withdrawal by the Company or any ERISA Affiliate from a Multiemployer Plan; (d) the filing of a notice of intent to terminate, the treatment of a Pension Plan amendment as a termination under Section 4041 or 4041A of ERISA; (e) the institution by the PBGC of proceedings to terminate a Pension Plan; (f) any event or condition
 
12

which constitutes grounds under Section 4042 of ERISA for the termination of, or the appointment of a trustee to administer, any Pension Plan; (g) the determination that any Pension Plan is considered an at-risk plan or a plan in endangered or critical status within the meaning of Sections 430, 431 and 432 of the Code or Sections 303, 304 and 305 of ERISA; or (h) the imposition of any liability under Title IV of ERISA, other than for PBGC premiums due but not delinquent under Section 4007 of ERISA, upon the Company, the Seller or any ERISA Affiliate.
“ Exchange Act ” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time, and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.
“ FDA ” shall mean the United States Food and Drug Administration and any successor thereto.
“ FDA Laws ” shall mean all applicable statutes, rules, regulations, standards, guidelines, policies and orders administered or issued by FDA.
“ Fidelity ” means Fidelity Management & Research Company.
“ Fidelity Purchaser ” means each Purchaser advised or subadvised by Fidelity or one of its Affiliates.
“ Foreign Government Scheme or Arrangement ” has the meaning specified in Section 4.23(e).
“ Foreign Plan ” has the meaning specified in Section 4.23(e).
“ Funding Obligation ” means, with respect to a particular Purchaser, an amount equal to the Common Share Offering Price multiplied by the number of Purchased Shares to be purchased by such Purchaser on the Closing Date pursuant to Section 2.01.
“ GAAP ” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or such other principles as may be approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession in the United States.
“ Governmental Authority ” means the government of the United States or any other nation, or of any political subdivision thereof, whether state or local, and any agency, authority, instrumentality, regulatory body, court, central bank or other entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial, taxing, regulatory or administrative powers or functions of or pertaining to government (including any supranational bodies such as the European Union or the European Central Bank).
“ Hazardous Materials ” means any and all wastes, pollutants, contaminants and hazardous or deleterious chemicals, materials or substances, including all hazardous or toxic substances, defined, listed, classified or regulated as, or included in the definition of, “hazardous substances,” “hazardous wastes,” “hazardous materials,” “extremely hazardous wastes,” “restricted hazardous wastes,” “solid wastes,” “toxic substances,” “toxic pollutants,” “contaminants” or “pollutants,” or words of similar import, under any Environmental Law, and petroleum or petroleum products (including gasoline, crude oil or any fraction thereof), asbestos or asbestos-containing materials, polychlorinated biphenyls, regulated medical or pharmaceutical waste, radon gas and urea formaldehyde, and any other material or substance that would reasonably be expected to result in liability under Environmental Law.
“ Health Care Laws ” means all applicable foreign, federal, state and local health care laws and the regulations promulgated pursuant to such laws, each as amended from time to time including but not limited to: (i) the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. § 301 et seq., and any analogous laws of any applicable jurisdiction; (ii) all terms and conditions of any pending or approved Product Registration; (iii) any other
 
13

applicable laws of any jurisdiction governing the research, development, testing, manufacturing, processing, handling, packaging, labeling, storage, advertising, promotion, marketing, sale and distribution of the Company Products; (iv) the federal Anti-Kickback Law, 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7b(b); (v) the federal civil False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. § 3729 et seq.; (vi) the federal Civil Monetary Penalties Law, 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7a; (vii) the federal health care program exclusion law, 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7a; (viii) the Physician Payments Sunshine Act, 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7h; (ix) the health care fraud criminal provisions under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA); (x) the Medicare and Medicaid coverage and reimbursement provisions (Titles XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act); (xi) any state or local laws regulating interactions with health care professionals and reporting thereof; and (xii) and all similar state, local, and foreign laws of any jurisdiction applicable to the operations of the Seller or the Company Entities.
“ Impax ” means Impax Laboratories, Inc., a Delaware corporation.
“ Indemnified Party ” has the meaning specified in Section 7.02(b).
“ Indemnifying Party ” has the meaning specified in Section 7.02(b).
“ Intellectual Property ” means all intellectual property rights in any jurisdiction in the world, whether registered or unregistered, including (i) trademarks, service marks, trade dress, trade names, corporate names, Internet domain names, social and mobile media identifiers, logos and source identifiers, and all goodwill associated with any of the foregoing or represented thereby, and all applications or registrations therefor and extensions or renewals thereof, (ii) patents, patent applications and any provisionals, continuations, continuations-in-part, divisionals, reissues, extensions, or revisions thereof, (iii) inventions, methods, processes, trade secrets, know-how, models and algorithms, and (iv) works of authorship and copyrights (including copyrights in software) and any registrations therefor along with any extensions or renewals thereof.
“ Investor Presentation ” means that certain investor presentation dated October 2017 entitled “A Strategic Combination for Long-Term Growth” provided to the Purchasers pertaining to the proposed Merger.
“ Law ” means collectively, all international, foreign, Federal, state and local statutes, treaties, rules, guidelines, regulations, ordinances, codes and administrative or judicial precedents or authorities, including the interpretation or administration thereof by any Governmental Authority charged with the enforcement, interpretation or administration thereof, and all applicable administrative orders, directed duties, requests, licenses, authorizations and permits of, and agreements with, any Governmental Authority, in each case whether or not having the force of law.
“ Lien ” means any mortgage, pledge, lien (statutory or otherwise), encumbrance, security interest, security agreement, conditional sale, trust receipt, charge or claim or a lease, license, consignment or bailment, preference or priority, assessment, deed of trust, easement, servitude or other encumbrance upon or with respect to any property of any kind.
“ Material Adverse Effect ” means (a) a material adverse change in, or a material adverse effect upon, the business, operations, assets, liabilities (actual or contingent), condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company, its Subsidiaries and the Amneal Business, taken as a whole; (b) a material impairment of the ability of the Seller or the Company, as applicable, to perform its respective obligations under the Transaction Documents to which it is party or will at the Closing become party; or (c) a material adverse effect upon the legality, validity, binding effect, enforceability or rights and remedies of the Purchasers against the Seller or the Company, as applicable, under the Transaction Documents; provided , however , that a Material Adverse Effect shall not include any material and adverse effect on the foregoing to the extent such material and adverse effect result from, arises out of, or relates to (w) the announcement of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the Business Combination Agreement or the satisfaction of the obligations set forth herein or therein, (x) a general deterioration in the economy or changes in the general state of the industries in which the Company and
 
14

the Amneal Business operate, except to the extent that the Company and the Amneal Business, taken as a whole, are adversely affected in a disproportionate manner as compared to other industry participants, (y) the outbreak or escalation of hostilities involving the United States, the declaration by the United States of a national emergency or war or the occurrence of any other calamity or crisis, including acts of terrorism, or (z) any change in accounting requirements or principles imposed upon any Company Entity or their respective businesses or any change in applicable Law, or the interpretation thereof.
“ Material Subsidiaries ” means the Subsidiaries of the Seller or the Company, as applicable, that are “significant subsidiaries” of the Seller or the Company, respectively, as defined in Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X under the Exchange Act.
“ Merger ” means the consummation of the Transactions, as defined in the Business Combination Agreement, by the parties thereto.
“ Multiemployer Plan ” means any employee benefit plan of the type described in Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA, to which the Company or any ERISA Affiliate makes or is obligated to make contributions, or during the preceding five plan years, has made or been obligated to make contributions.
“ Multiple Employer Plan ” means a Plan which has two or more contributing sponsors (including the Company or any ERISA Affiliate) at least two of whom are not under common control, as such a plan is described in Section 4064 of ERISA.
“ Newco ” means Amneal Holdings Pharmaceuticals , Inc., a Delaware corporation.
“ Newco Charter ” means the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Newco in effect as of the Closing Date.
“ NYSE ” means the New York Stock Exchange.
“ Organizational Documents ” means, (a) (i) with respect to any corporation, the certificate or articles of incorporation and the bylaws (or equivalent or comparable constitutive documents with respect to any non-U.S. jurisdiction); (ii) with respect to any limited liability company, the certificate or articles of formation or organization and operating agreement; and (iii) with respect to any partnership, joint venture, trust or other form of business entity, the partnership, joint venture or other applicable agreement of formation or organization and any agreement, instrument, filing or notice with respect thereto filed in connection with its formation or organization with the applicable Governmental Authority in the jurisdiction of its formation or organization and, if applicable, any certificate or articles of formation or organization of such entity, or (b) with respect to entities incorporated in any non-U.S. jurisdiction, equivalent or comparable constitutive documents.
“ PBGC ” means the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.
“ Pension Funding Rules ” means the rules of the Code and ERISA regarding minimum required contributions (including any installment payment thereof) to Pension Plans and set forth in, with respect to plan years ending prior to the effective date of the Pension Act, Section 412 of the Code and Section 302 of ERISA, each as in effect prior to the Pension Act and, thereafter, Sections 412, 430, 431, 432 and 436 of the Code and Sections 302, 303, 304 and 305 of ERISA.
“ Pension Plan ” means any employee pension benefit plan (including a Multiple Employer Plan or a Multiemployer Plan) that is maintained or is contributed to by, or, solely in the case of a plan described in Section 4064(a) of ERISA, has been contributed to at any time during the immediately preceding five plan years by, the Company or the Amneal Business, as applicable, or any ERISA Affiliate and is either covered by Title IV of ERISA or is subject to the minimum funding standards under Section 412 of the Code.
 
15

“ Person ” means any individual, corporation, company, voluntary association, partnership, joint venture, trust, limited liability company, unincorporated organization, government or any agency, instrumentality or political subdivision thereof or any other form of entity.
“ Plan ” means any employee benefit plan within the meaning of Section 3(3) of ERISA (including a Pension Plan), maintained for employees of the Company or the Seller, as applicable, or any ERISA Affiliate or any such Plan to which the Company or the Seller, as applicable, or any ERISA Affiliate is required to contribute on behalf of any of its employees.
“ Privacy Policy ” means published internal and external policies, procedures, agreements and notices relating to the Company’s and the Seller’s collection, use or disclosure of data and information, and the security thereof.
“ Product Registrations ” means authorizations, approvals, clearances, licenses, permits, certificates, or exemptions issued or recognized by any foreign, federal, state or local governmental entity, including competent authorities and notified bodies (including, but not limited to, premarket notifications or 510(k) clearances, pre-market approvals, investigational device exemptions, product recertifications, manufacturing approvals and authorizations, CE marks, pricing and reimbursement approvals, labeling approvals, distributor or wholesale licenses or permits, registration notifications or their foreign equivalents), that are required for the research, development, investigation, manufacture, distribution, marketing, storage, transportation, use or sale of the Company Products.
“ Purchased Shares ” has the meaning specified in Section 2.01(a).
“ Purchaser Related Parties ” has the meaning specified in Section 7.01.
“ Purchasers ” has the meaning specified in the introductory paragraph of this Agreement.
“ Registration Rights Agreement ” means the Registration Rights Agreement, to be entered into at the Closing, among the Company and the Purchasers, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A .
“ Registration Statement ” means the registration statement on Form S-4 to be filed with the Commission (including any pre-effective or post-effective amendments or supplements thereto) registering the public offering and sale of securities to be issued in connection with the Merger.
“ Reportable Event ” means any of the events set forth in Section 4043(c) of ERISA, other than events for which the 30 day notice period has been waived.
“ Representatives ” means, with respect to a specified Person, the Purchasers, officers, directors, managers, partners, employees, agents, advisors, counsel, accountants, investment bankers and other representatives of such Person.
“ Sanctioned Country ” means at any time, a country or territory which is itself the subject or target of any Sanctions (at the time of this Agreement, Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan and Syria).
“ Sanctioned Person ” means at any time, (a) any Person listed in any Sanctions-related list of designated Persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury or the U.S. Department of State or by the United Nations Security Council, the European Union or any EU member state, (b) any Person operating, organized or resident in a Sanctioned Country or (c) any Person owned or controlled by any such Person or Persons.
“ Sanction(s) ” means economic or financial sanctions or trade embargoes imposed, administered or enforced from time to time by (a) the U.S. government, including those administered by the Office of Foreign Assets
 
16

Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury or the U.S. Department of State or (b) the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, Her Majesty’s Treasury of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands or any other European Union member state.
“ Securities Act ” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended from time to time, and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.
“ Short Sales ” means, all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 promulgated under Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act and forward sale contracts, options, puts, calls, “put equivalent positions” (as defined in Rule 16a-1(h) under the Exchange Act) and similar arrangements.
“ Stockholders Agreement ” means the Stockholders Agreement, to be entered into on or around the date of this Agreement, among Newco and certain members party thereto , as amended .
“ Subsidiary ” means, as to any Person, any corporation or other entity of which: (a) at least a majority of the outstanding equity interest having by the terms thereof ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the board of directors or similar governing body of such corporation or other entity (irrespective of whether or not at the time any equity interest of any other class or classes of such corporation or other entity shall have or might have voting power by reason of the happening of any contingency) is at the time directly or indirectly owned or controlled by such Person or one or more of its Subsidiaries; (b) such Person or a Subsidiary of such Person is a general partner or, in the case of a limited liability company, the managing member or manager thereof; or (c) any corporation or other entity as to which such Person consolidates for accounting purposes. For the avoidance of doubt, upon the consummation of the Merger, Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC and its Subsidiaries shall be Subsidiaries of the Company.
“ Tax Return ” means any return, report or similar filing (including the attached schedules) filed or required to be filed with respect to Taxes (and any amendments thereto), including any information return, claim for refund or declaration of estimated Taxes.
“ Taxes ” means all present or future taxes, levies, imposts, duties, deductions, withholdings (including backup withholding), assessments, fees or other charges imposed by any Governmental Authority, including any interest, additions to tax or penalties applicable thereto.
“ Third-Party Claim ” has the meaning specified in Section 7.02(b).
“ Total Funding Obligation ” means the aggregate amount of Funding Obligations of all of the Purchasers participating in the Closing.
“ Transaction Documents ” means, collectively, this Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement and any and all other agreements or instruments executed and delivered to the Purchasers by the Seller or the Company hereunder or thereunder, as applicable.
“ USA PATRIOT Act ” means The Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (Title III of Public Law No. 107-56 (signed into law October 26, 2001)), as amended or modified from time to time.
 Section  1.02 Accounting Procedures and Interpretation . Unless otherwise specified herein, all accounting terms used herein shall be interpreted, and all determinations with respect to accounting matters hereunder shall be made in accordance with GAAP.
 
17

 ARTICLE II
AGREEMENT TO SELL AND PURCHASE
 Section 2.01 Sale and Purchase .
(a) Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, at the Closing, each Purchaser hereby agrees to purchase from the Seller the number of Common Shares set forth opposite such Purchaser’s name on Schedule A (collectively, the “ Purchased Shares ”).
(b) Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, at the Closing, the Seller hereby agrees to sell to each Purchaser the Purchased Shares (registered in the name of such Purchaser or its nominee in accordance with its delivery instructions) for a cash purchase price equal to the Common Share Offering Price per Common Share. .
(c) Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, at the Closing, each Purchaser, severally and not jointly, shall purchase its Purchased Shares for a cash purchase price equal to the Common Share Offering Price per Common Share. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, each Purchaser shall not be required to pay such Purchaser’s Funding Obligation to the Seller until it (or its designated custodian per its delivery instructions) has received (i) evidence from the Company’s transfer agent showing such Purchaser’s Purchased Shares credited to such Purchaser’s book-entry account maintained by the transfer agent on and as of the Closing Date, or (ii) if requested by such Purchaser, a stock certificate representing such Purchaser’s Purchased Shares.
 Section  2.02 Closing . Subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions precedent set forth in Section 2.03, Section 2.04 and Section 2.05, the closing (the “ Closing ”) of the purchase and sale of the Purchased Shares hereunder shall take place on the date of the consummation of the Merger, which date shall be specified in a written notice that the Seller shall use its commercially reasonable efforts (to the extent reasonable and practical under the Business Combination Agreement) to deliver to the Purchasers ten (10) Business Days prior to the date of such closing (failing which such notice shall be delivered by the Seller to the Purchasers at least five (5) Business Days prior to the date of such closing), or such date as is mutually agreed upon in writing by the Seller and each of the Purchasers.
 Section  2.03 Mutual Conditions . The respective obligations of each party to consummate the purchase and sale of the Purchased Shares at the Closing shall be subject to the satisfaction, on or prior to (and continuing through) the Closing Date, of each of the following conditions (any or all of which may be waived by a party on behalf of itself in writing, in whole or in part, to the extent permitted by applicable Law):
(a) no statute, rule, order, decree or regulation shall have been enacted or promulgated, and no action shall have been taken, by any Governmental Authority which temporarily, preliminarily or permanently restrains, precludes, enjoins or otherwise prohibits the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby or makes the transactions contemplated hereby illegal; and
(b) there shall not be pending any suit, action or proceeding by any Governmental Authority seeking to restrain, preclude, enjoin or prohibit the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
 Section  2.04 Conditions to Each Purchaser ’ s Obligations . The obligation of a Purchaser to consummate its purchase of Purchased Shares shall be subject to the satisfaction on or prior to (and continuing through) the Closing Date of each of the following conditions (any or all of which may be waived by the applicable Purchaser with respect to itself in writing, in whole or in part, to the extent permitted by applicable Law):
(a) the representations and warranties of the Seller contained in ARTICLE III shall be true and correct in all material respects (other than those representations and warranties contained in Section 3.01, Section 3.02, Section 3.07(a), Section 3.07(b), Section 3.07(c), Section 3.07(d) or Section 3.08 or other representations and warranties that are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, which, in each case, shall be true and correct in all respects) when made and as of the Closing Date (except that representations and warranties made as of a specific date shall be required to be true and correct as of such date only);
 
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(b) the representations and warranties contained in ARTICLE IV shall be true and correct in all material respects (other than those representations and warranties contained in Section 4.01, Section 4.02, Section 4.13(a), Section 4.13(b), Section 4.13(c) or Section 4.17 or other representations and warranties that are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, which, in each case, shall be true and correct in all respects) as of the Closing Date (except that representations and warranties made as of a specific date shall be required to be true and correct as of such date only);
(c) the Seller shall have performed and complied in all material respects with all of the covenants and agreements contained in this Agreement that are required to be performed or complied with by it on or prior to the Closing Date;
(d) the closing of the Merger shall have occurred, or shall occur substantially simultaneously with the Closing, in accordance with the Business Combination Agreement without any amendment, supplement, waiver or other modification (i) to the definition of “Impax Material Adverse Effect” (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement) or the definition of “Amneal Material Adverse Effect” (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement), (ii) to the amount or form of “Merger Consideration” (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement) or (iii) that would increase the aggregate number of “Amneal Units” to be issued to the “Existing Amneal Members” in the “Recapitalization” (each as defined in the Business Combination Agreement);
(e) the Purchased Shares shall have been validly issued;
(f) the Class A Common Stock (including the Purchased Shares , other than the Class  B-1 Common Stock ) shall have been duly listed, subject to notice of issuance, on the NYSE;
(g) no notice of delisting from the NYSE shall have been received by the Company with respect to the Class A Common Stock;
(h) the Seller shall have entered into a lock-up agreement, dated as of the date hereof, in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit D , and such lock-up agreement shall remain in full force and effect as of the Closing Date;
(i) certain of the directors and officers of Newco as of the Closing Date shall have entered into a lock-up agreement, dated as of the Closing Date, in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit E ;
(j) the Seller shall have delivered, or caused to be delivered, to the Purchaser the closing deliverables described in Section 2.06(a); and
(k) with respect to the Fidelity Purchasers only, the purchase of Purchased Shares by the Fidelity Purchasers shall not cause the Fidelity Purchasers to collectively own Common Shares which would represent more than 14.99% of the shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding at such time.
 Section  2.05 Conditions to the Seller ’ s Obligations . The obligation of the Seller to consummate the sale of the Purchased Shares to each Purchaser shall be subject to the satisfaction on or prior to the Closing Date of each of the following conditions (any or all of which may be waived by the Seller in writing, in whole or in part, to the extent permitted by applicable Law):
(a) the representations and warranties of such Purchaser contained in this Agreement shall be true and correct in all material respects (other than those representations and warranties that are qualified by materiality, which, in each case, shall be true and correct in all respects) when made and as of the Closing Date (except that representations and warranties made as of a specific date or for a specific period shall be required to be true and correct as of such date or for such specific period only);
 
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(b) such Purchaser shall have performed and complied in all material respects with all of the covenants and agreements contained in this Agreement that are required to be performed or complied with by it on or prior to the Closing Date;
(c) such Purchaser shall have delivered, or caused to be delivered, to the Seller the Purchaser’s closing deliverables described in Section 2.06(b); and
(d) the closing of the Merger shall have occurred, or shall occur substantially concurrently with the Closing.
 Section  2.06 Deliverables at the Closing .
(a) Deliverables of the Seller . At the Closing, the Seller shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the Purchasers:
(i) a joinder to this Agreement, executed by the Company, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B and dated the Closing Date (the “ Company Joinder ”);
(ii) an opinion from Latham & Watkins LLP, counsel for the Seller, form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agent, which shall be addressed to the Purchasers and dated the Closing Date;
(iii) a counterpart of the Registration Rights Agreement, which shall have been duly executed by Newco;
(iv) a lock-up agreement substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit C and dated as of the Closing Date (the “ Company Lock-Up ”), which shall have been duly executed by the Company;
(v) a fully executed “Application for Listing” approving the Class A Common Stock (including the Purchased Shares , other than the Class  B-1 Common Stock ) for listing by the NYSE;
(vi) either (A) evidence of crediting of the Purchased Shares to book-entry accounts maintained by the transfer agent of the Company, bearing a restrictive notation meeting the requirements of the Securities Act, free and clear of any Liens, other than transfer restrictions under this Agreement and applicable federal and state securities Laws and those created by the Purchasers or (B) if requested by such Purchaser, a stock certificate representing such Purchaser’s Purchased Shares, bearing a restrictive notation meeting the requirements of the Securities Act, free and clear of any Liens, other than transfer restrictions under this Agreement and applicable federal and state securities Laws and those created by the Purchasers;
(vii) a certificate of the Secretary or Assistant Secretary of the Company, on behalf of the Company, dated the Closing Date, certifying as to and attaching (A) the certificate of incorporation of the Company Newco Charter , (B) the bylaws of the Company, (C) board resolutions authorizing the execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby, including the issuance of the Purchased Shares, and (D) the incumbency of the officers authorized to execute the Transaction Documents on behalf of the Company setting forth the name and title and bearing the signatures of such officers;
(viii) a certificate of the Secretary of State of each applicable state, dated within ten (10) Business Days prior to the Closing Date, to the effect that each of the Seller and the Company is in good standing in its jurisdiction of formation;
(ix) a certificate of the Chief Financial Officer and the Treasurer of (A) the Seller, on behalf of the Seller, dated the Closing Date, certifying, in their applicable capacities, to the effect that the conditions set forth in Section 2.04(a), Section 2.04(c) and Section 2.04(d), and (B) the Company, on behalf of the Company, dated the Closing Date, certifying, in their applicable capacities, to the effect that the conditions set forth in Section 2.04(b), have been satisfied;
(x) a certification substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit F, conforming to the requirements of Treasury Regulations Section 1.1445-2(b), certifying that the Seller is not a foreign person; and
(xi) such other documents relating to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement as the Purchasers or their respective counsel may reasonably request.
 
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(b) Deliverables of Each Purchaser . At the Closing, each Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Seller:
(i) A counterpart of the Registration Rights Agreement, which shall have been duly executed by such Purchaser;
(ii) Payment of such Purchaser’s Funding Obligation payable by wire transfer of immediately available funds to an account designated in advance of the Closing Date by the Seller; and
(iii) Such other documents relating to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement as the Seller or its counsel may reasonably request.
 Section  2.07 Independent Nature of Purchasers ’ Obligations and Rights . The obligations of each Purchaser under any Transaction Document are several and not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the performance of the obligations of any other Purchaser under any Transaction Document. The decision of each Purchaser to purchase Purchased Shares pursuant to this Agreement has been made by such Purchaser independently of any other Purchaser and independently of any information, materials, statements or opinions as to the business, affairs, operations, assets, properties, liabilities, results of operations, condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company Entities which may have been made or given by any other Purchaser or by any agent or employee of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser and none of its agents or employees shall have any liability to any other Purchaser (or any other Person) relating to or arising from any such information, materials, statements or opinions. The failure of any Purchaser to perform, or waiver by the Seller or Company, as applicable, of such performance, under any Transaction Document shall not excuse performance by any other Purchaser, the Seller or the Company, and the waiver by any Purchaser of performance of the Seller or the Company, as applicable, under any Transaction Document shall not excuse performance by the Seller or the Company, as applicable, with respect to any other Purchaser. Nothing contained herein or in any other Transaction Document, and no action taken by any Purchaser pursuant thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Each Purchaser acknowledges that no other Purchaser has acted as agent for such Purchaser in connection with making its investment hereunder and that no Purchaser will be acting as agent of such Purchaser in connection with monitoring its investment in the Purchased Shares or enforcing its rights under this Agreement or any other Transaction Document. Each Purchaser shall be entitled to independently protect and enforce its rights, including the rights arising out of this Agreement or out of the other Transaction Documents, and it shall not be necessary for any other Purchaser to be joined as an additional party in any proceeding for such purpose. It is expressly understood and agreed that each provision contained in this Agreement and any other Transaction Document is between the Seller or the Company, as applicable, and a Purchaser, solely, and not between the Company or the Seller, as applicable, and the Purchasers collectively and not between and among the Purchasers.
 Section  2.08 Further Assurances . From time to time after the date hereof, without further consideration, the Seller shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to take, or cause to be taken, all actions necessary or appropriate to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
 ARTICLE III
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
OF THE SELLER
The Seller represents and warrants to each Purchaser as follows:
 Section  3.01 Existence, Qualification and Power . The Seller is (a) duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the jurisdiction of its organization and (b) duly qualified or licensed to do business and is in good standing (to the extent such concept is applicable) in each jurisdiction where the character
 
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of the properties owned, leased or licensed by it or the nature of its business makes such qualification, licensing or good standing necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or licensed or in good standing has not had, and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect on the Seller.
 Section  3.02 Ownership of Securities . As of the Closing Date and immediately prior to the Closing, the Seller will be the sole record and beneficial owner of the Purchased Shares. On the Closing Date and immediately prior to the Closing, the Purchased Shares shall be free and clear of all Liens and restrictions on transfer, except for restrictions on transfer set forth in the Transaction Documents , the Newco Charter or imposed by applicable securities laws. Upon the Closing, the Seller will convey the Purchased Shares to the Purchasers, and Purchasers shall acquire good and marketable title to such Purchased Shares, free and clear of all Liens and restrictions on transfer, except for restrictions on transfer set forth in the Transaction Documents , the Newco Charter or imposed by applicable securities laws and those created by the Purchasers.
 Section  3.03 Approvals . No approval, consent, exemption, authorization, or other action by, or notice to, or filing with, any Governmental Authority or any other Person (each, a “ Consent ”), is necessary or required in connection with the sale of the Purchased Shares by the Seller, the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents by the Seller and the consummation by the Seller of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, other than Consents (a) required by the Commission in connection with the Seller’s obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement, (b) required under the state securities or “blue sky” Laws, (c) that have been, or prior to the Closing Date will have been, duly obtained, taken, given or made and are in full force and effect, and (d) Consents, the failure of which to obtain or make would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on the Seller.
 Section  3.04 No Registration Required . Assuming the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the applicable Purchaser contained in ARTICLE V, the sale of the Purchased Shares to such Purchaser pursuant to this Agreement is exempt from registration requirements of the Securities Act, and neither the Seller, the Company nor, to the Seller’s or Company’s respective knowledge, any Person acting on its behalf, has taken nor will take any action hereafter that would cause the loss of such exemption.
 Section  3.05 Litigation . There are no actions, suits, proceedings, claims or disputes pending or, to the knowledge of the Seller, threatened or contemplated, at law, in equity, in arbitration or before any Governmental Authority, by or against the Seller or against any of its properties, assets, rights or revenues, or before or by any self-regulatory organization or other non-government regulatory authority, that would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the ability of the Seller to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby.
 Section  3.06 No Conflicts . The sale by the Seller of the Purchased Shares, the application of the proceeds thereof, the execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents and the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby by the Seller do not and will not (a) contravene the terms of any of the Seller’s Organizational Documents; (b) conflict with or result in any breach or contravention of, or the creation of any Lien under, or require any payment to be made under (i) any provision of any security sold by the Seller or of any agreement, instrument or other undertaking to which the Seller is a party or by which it or any of its property is bound or (ii) any order, injunction, writ or decree of any Governmental Authority or any arbitral award to which the Seller or its property is subject; or (c) violate any Law or any rule or regulation of any self-regulatory organization or other non-governmental regulatory authority, except in the case of clauses (b) and (c) for such violations which would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on the ability of the Seller to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby.
 Section  3.07 Authority; Enforceability .
(a) The execution, delivery and performance by the Seller of each the Transaction Documents have been duly authorized by all necessary limited liability company action. The Seller has all requisite power and authority
 
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to sell and deliver the Purchased Shares, in accordance with and upon the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement. On or prior to the Closing Date, all action required to be taken by the Seller for the sale and delivery of the Purchased Shares, the execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby shall have been validly taken.
(b) Each of the Transaction Documents has been or, when delivered hereunder, will have been, duly executed and delivered by the Seller. Each of the Transaction Documents constitutes, or will constitute, a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Seller, enforceable in accordance with its terms; provided that, with respect to each such agreement, the enforceability thereof may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium or similar Laws from time to time in effect affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights and remedies generally and by general principles of equity (regardless of whether such principles are considered in a proceeding in equity or at law).
(c) Subject to the accuracy of the representations and warranties of each Purchaser set forth in ARTICLE V hereof, the Seller has taken all action necessary to exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act the sale of the Purchased Shares.
(d) As of the date of this Agreement, the Business Combination Agreement and the Debt Commitment Letter are in full force and effect and constitute the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Seller, as applicable, enforceable in accordance with its terms; provided that, with respect to each such agreement, the enforceability thereof may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium or similar Laws from time to time in effect affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights and remedies generally and by general principles of equity (regardless of whether such principles are considered in a proceeding in equity or at law).
 Section  3.08 Certain Fees . No broker, finder or investment banker is entitled to any brokerage, finder’s or other fee or commission from the Purchasers with respect to the sale of any of the Purchased Shares or the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of the Seller. The Seller agrees that it will indemnify and hold harmless the Purchasers from and against any and all claims, demands, or liabilities for broker’s, finder’s, placement, or other similar fees or commissions incurred by the Seller, or alleged to have been incurred by the Seller in connection with the sale of the Purchased Shares or the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
 Section  3.09 No Side Agreements . Other than any agreements between Newco and TPG Improv Holdings, L.P., there are no binding agreements by, among or between the Seller or any of its Affiliates, on the one hand, and any Purchaser or any of its Affiliates, on the other hand, with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than the Transaction Documents.
 Section  3.10 Material Information . As of the date of this Agreement, the sale of the Purchased Shares by the Seller is not prompted by any material information concerning the Amneal Business or the Company which is not set forth in the information provided prior to the date of this Agreement by the Seller to the Purchasers.
 Section  3.11 Absence of Manipulation . The Seller has not, and to the Seller’s knowledge no one acting on its behalf has, taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of any of the Purchased Shares.
 
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 ARTICLE IV
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
OF THE COMPANY
The Company, as of the Closing Date or as of such other date specified below, represents and warrants to the Purchasers as follows:
 Section  4.01 Existence , Qualification and Power . Each of the Company Entities (a) is duly organized or formed, validly existing and, as applicable, in good standing under the Laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, (b) has all requisite power and authority and all requisite governmental licenses, authorizations, consents and approvals to (i) own or lease its assets and carry on its business and (ii) execute, deliver and perform its obligations under this Agreement to which it is a party, and (c) is duly qualified and is licensed and, as applicable, in good standing under the Laws of each jurisdiction where its ownership, lease or operation of properties or the conduct of its business requires such qualification or license; except in each case referred to in clause (b)(i) or (c), to the extent that failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
 Section  4.02 Capitalization and Valid Issuance of Securities .
(a) As of the date hereof, the authorized capital stock of the Company consists of (i) 150,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and (ii) 2,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. As of October 13, 2017 (the “ Capitalization Date ”), (A) 74,413,801 Common Shares were issued and outstanding, (B) no shares of the Company’s preferred stock were issued and outstanding, (C) 243,729 Common Shares were issued and held in the Company’s treasury or otherwise owned by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (D) 1,719,444 Common Shares were reserved for issuance in connection with future grants of awards under the Company’s equity incentive plans (E) 3,368,198 Common Shares were reserved for issuance with respect to outstanding stock options issued under the Company’s equity incentive plans, and (F) 1,507,789 Common Shares were reserved for issuance under the Company’s stock purchase plan, as amended. Except as set forth in this Section 4.02(a) and except for changes since the close of business on the Capitalization Date resulting from the exercise of options to purchase Common Shares, as of the date of this Agreement, no shares of capital stock or other voting securities of the Company were issued, reserved for issuance or outstanding. Except as set forth in this Section 4.02(a), as of the date hereof, there are no outstanding stock appreciation rights, rights to receive shares of Common Shares on a deferred basis or other rights that are linked to the value of Common Shares granted under the Company’s stock plans or otherwise. All outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are, and all shares which may be issued pursuant to the Company’s stock plans or stock purchase plans will be, when issued in accordance with the terms thereof, duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and not subject to preemptive rights. Except as set forth in this Section 4.02(a) and except for the Company’s $600,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022, as of the date hereof, there are no bonds, debentures, notes or other Indebtedness (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement) of the Company having the right to vote (or convertible into, or exchangeable for, securities having the right to vote) on any matters on which holders of Common Shares may vote. Except as set forth in this Section 4.02(a) and except for the Company’s $600,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022, as of the date hereof (1) there are not issued, reserved for issuance or outstanding (A) any securities of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of capital stock or voting securities of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or (B) any warrants, calls, options or other rights to acquire from the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any obligation of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to issue, any capital stock, voting securities or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for capital stock or voting securities of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and (2) there are not any outstanding obligations of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any such securities or to issue, deliver or sell, or cause to be issued, delivered or sold, any such securities. As of the date hereof, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any voting agreement with respect to the voting of any such securities.
 
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(b) As of the Closing Date, the Company has an authorized capitalization as set forth in the Registration Statement.
(c) The Purchased Shares have been, or prior to the Closing will be, duly and validly authorized and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, and shall be free and clear of all Liens and restrictions on transfer, except for restrictions on transfer set forth in the Transaction Documents , the Newco Charter or imposed by applicable securities laws.
(d) No Person is entitled to pre-emptive or similar statutory or contractual rights with respect to any securities of the Company Entities. There are no outstanding warrants, options, convertible securities or other rights, agreements or arrangements of any character under which any Company Entity is or may be obligated to issue any equity securities of any kind, other than options granted under the Company’s stock plans and prior stock plans. There are no voting agreements, buy-sell agreements, option or right of first purchase agreements or other agreements of any kind among the Company and any of the securityholders of the Company relating to the securities of the Company held by them. Other than the Registration Rights Agreement or the Stockholders Agreement, no Person has the right to require the Company to register any securities of the Company under the Securities Act, whether on a demand basis or in connection with the registration of securities of the Company for its own account or for the account of any other Person. The sale of the Purchased Shares hereunder will not obligate the Company to issue Common Shares or other securities to any other Person (other than the Purchasers) and will not result in the adjustment of the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price of any outstanding security. The Company does not have outstanding stockholder purchase rights or “poison pill” or any similar arrangement in effect giving any Person the right to purchase any equity interest in the Company upon the occurrence of certain events.
 Section  4.03 Ownership of the Material Subsidiaries . All of the outstanding shares of capital stock or other equity interests of each Material Subsidiary owned directly or indirectly by the Company (a) have been validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable, and (b) except as disclosed in the Company SEC Documents, are wholly-owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company, free and clear of all Liens, except for Liens under the Company’s existing debt arrangements and the debt arrangements contemplated by the Debt Commitment Letter and for restrictions on transferability in the Organizational Documents of such Material Subsidiary.
 Section  4.04 Company SEC Documents ; Information Provided to Purchasers . Since December 31, 2016, the Company’s forms, registration statements, reports, schedules and statements required to be filed by it under the Exchange Act have been filed with the Commission on a timely basis. The Company SEC Documents, at the time filed (or in the case of registration statements, solely on the dates of effectiveness), except (i) in the case of a Company SEC Document filed prior to the date hereof, to the extent corrected by a subsequent Company SEC Document filed prior to the date hereof, and (ii) in the case of a Company SEC Document filed on or after the date hereof, to the extent corrected by a subsequent Company SEC Document: (a) did not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances in which they were made in the case of any such documents other than a registration statement, not misleading and (b) complied in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the Securities Act, as the case may be. As of the date hereof, all disclosure (including any amendments, supplements and updates thereto) provided to the Purchasers regarding the Company and its Subsidiaries, their businesses and the transactions contemplated hereby furnished by or on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (including the Company SEC Documents), taken as a whole, is true and correct in all material respects, in light of the circumstances in which they were made.
 Section  4.05 Financial Statements .
(a) The historical financial statements (including the related notes) contained or incorporated by reference in the Company SEC Documents (i) comply in all material respects with the applicable accounting requirements under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act (except that certain supporting schedules are omitted), (ii) fairly
 
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present the financial condition of the Company and its Subsidiaries as of the dates thereof and their results of operations for the respective periods and (iii) have been prepared in accordance with GAAP consistently applied throughout the periods involved, in each case except to the extent disclosed therein. The other financial information of the Company Entities, including non-GAAP financial measures, if any, contained or incorporated by reference in the Company SEC Documents has been derived from the accounting records of the Company Entities, and fairly presents in all material respects the information purported to be shown thereby. Nothing has come to the attention of the Company that has caused it to believe that the statistical and market-related data included in the Company SEC Documents is not based on or derived from sources that are reliable and accurate in all material respects as of the date on which the applicable Company SEC Documents were filed.
(b) Since the date of the most recent balance sheet of the Company audited by the Company’s auditor, (i) the interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Company SEC Documents fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in accordance with the Commission’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto in all material respects and (ii) to the best knowledge of the Company, the Company is not aware of any material weakness in, or fraud that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in, the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.
 Section  4.06 Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm . KPMG LLP, which has audited the financial statements contained or incorporated by reference in the Company SEC Documents, is an independent registered public accounting firm with respect to the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations thereunder adopted by the Commission and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). KPMG LLP has not resigned or been dismissed as independent registered public accountants of the Company as a result of or in connection with any disagreement with the Company or any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure or auditing scope or procedure.
 Section  4.07 No Material Adverse Effect . Since December 31, 2016, except as described in the Company SEC Documents (excluding any disclosures that are forward-looking in nature; and, solely for the purpose of the condition in Section 2.04(b), only Company SEC Documents filed prior to the date hereof shall be considered for the purpose of this Section 4.07), there has been no event or circumstance, either individually or in the aggregate, that has had a Material Adverse Effect.
 Section  4.08 No Registration Required . Assuming the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the applicable Purchaser contained in ARTICLE V, the issuance and sale of the Purchased Shares by the Company to such Purchaser pursuant to this Agreement is exempt from registration requirements of the Securities Act, and neither the Company nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any Person acting on its behalf, has taken nor will take any action hereafter that would cause the loss of such exemption.
 Section  4.09 No Restrictions or Registration Rights . Except under the Stockholders Agreement , the Newco Charter and the Restated Amneal LLC Operating Agreement (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement), there are no restrictions upon the voting or transfer of, any Common Shares arising under the Company’s Organizational Documents or the DGCL. Neither the offering nor sale of the Purchased Shares as contemplated by this Agreement gives rise to any rights for or relating to the registration of any Purchased Shares or other securities of the Company. The Company has not granted registration rights to any Person other than the Purchasers that would provide such Person priority over the Purchasers’ rights with respect to any piggyback registration.
 Section  4.10 Litigation . Except as described in the Company SEC Documents (excluding any disclosures that are forward-looking in nature; and, solely for the purpose of the condition in Section 2.04(b), only Company SEC Documents filed prior to the date hereof shall be considered for the purpose of this Section 4.10), there are no actions, suits, proceedings, claims or disputes pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or the Seller, as applicable, threatened or contemplated, at law, in equity, in arbitration or before any Governmental Authority, by
 
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or against any of the Company Entities or against any of their properties or revenues, or before or by any self-regulatory organization or other non-government regulatory authority (including, without limitation, the NYSE), that would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
 Section  4.11 Compliance . The Company, the Seller and each Subsidiary thereof is in compliance in all material respects with the requirements of all Laws (including without limitation, FDA Laws, Health Care Laws, privacy and data security Laws), organizational documents, Privacy Policies, government permits and government licenses, and any rule or regulation of any self-regulatory organization or other non-governmental regulatory authority (including, without limitation, the rules and regulations of the NYSE), and all orders, writs, injunctions and decrees applicable to it or to its properties, except in such instances in which (a) such requirement of Law or order, writ, injunction or decree is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted or (b) the failure to comply therewith, either individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
 Section  4.12 No Conflicts . The issuance by the Company of the Purchased Shares, the execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents and the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby by each Company Entity do not and will not (a) contravene the terms of any of such Person’s Organizational Documents; (b) conflict with or result in any breach or contravention of, or the creation of any Lien under, or require any payment to be made under (i) any provision of any security issued by such Person or of any agreement, instrument or other undertaking to which such Person is a party or by which it or any of its property is bound or (ii) any order, injunction, writ or decree of any Governmental Authority or any arbitral award to which such Person or its property is subject; or (c) violate any Law or any rule or regulation of any self-regulatory organization or other non-governmental regulatory authority (including, without limitation, the rules and regulations of the NYSE), except in the case of clauses (b) and (c) for such violations which would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.
 Section  4.13 Authority; Enforceability .
(a) The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of each the Transaction Documents have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action. The Company has all requisite power and authority to issue the Purchased Shares. On or prior to the Closing Date, all action required to be taken by the Company for the authorization and issuance of the Purchased Shares, the execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby shall have been validly taken. No approval from the holders of outstanding Common Shares is required under the Organizational Documents of the Company or the rules of the NYSE in connection with the Company’s issuance of the Purchased Shares to the Purchasers.
(b) Each of the Transaction Documents has been or, when delivered hereunder, will have been, duly executed and delivered by the Company. Each of the Transaction Documents constitutes, or will constitute, a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable in accordance with its terms; provided that, with respect to each such agreement, the enforceability thereof may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium or similar Laws from time to time in effect affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights and remedies generally and by general principles of equity (regardless of whether such principles are considered in a proceeding in equity or at law).
(c) The Company has taken, or prior to Closing will take, all action reasonably necessary to exempt the Purchasers from the provisions of any stockholder rights plan or other “poison pill” arrangement, any anti-takeover, business combination or control share law or statute binding on the Company or to which the Company or any of its assets and properties may be subject and any provision of the Company’s Organizational Documents that is or would reasonably be expected to become applicable to the Purchasers as a result of the transactions contemplated hereby, including without limitation, the issuance of the Purchased Shares and the ownership, disposition or voting of the Purchased Shares by the Purchasers or the exercise of any right granted to the Purchasers pursuant to this Agreement or the other Transaction Documents.
 
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(d) As of the date of this Agreement, the Business Combination Agreement and the Debt Commitment Letter are in full force and effect and constitute the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company and its Subsidiaries, as applicable, enforceable in accordance with its terms; provided that, with respect to each such agreement, the enforceability thereof may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium or similar Laws from time to time in effect affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights and remedies generally and by general principles of equity (regardless of whether such principles are considered in a proceeding in equity or at law).
 Section  4.14 Approvals . No Consent is necessary or required in connection with the issuance of the Purchased Shares by the Company, the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, other than Consents (a) required by the Commission in connection with the Company’s obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement, (b) required under the state securities or “blue sky” Laws, (c) that have been, or prior to the Closing Date will have been, duly obtained, taken, given or made and are in full force and effect, and (d) Consents, the failure of which to obtain or make would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
 Section  4.15 Distribution Restrictions . No Company Entity is currently prohibited, or as a result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, will be prohibited, directly or indirectly, from making distributions with respect to its equity securities, from repaying to any other Company Entity any loans or advances or from transferring any property or assets to the Company or any other Company Entity, except as described in the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K or as contemplated by the Debt Commitment Letter with respect to the debt facilities committed thereby.
 Section  4.16 Investment Company Status . None of the Company Entities is, and immediately after the issuance and sale of the Purchased Shares hereunder and the application of the net proceeds from such issuance and sale and the consummation of the Merger, none of the Company Entities will be, required to be registered as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
 Section  4.17 Certain Fees . No broker, finder or investment banker is entitled to any brokerage, finder’s or other fee or commission from the Purchasers with respect to the sale of any of the Purchased Shares or the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of any Company Entities. The Company agrees that it will indemnify and hold harmless the Purchasers from and against any and all claims, demands, or liabilities for broker’s, finder’s, placement, or other similar fees or commissions incurred by the Seller or the Company Entities, or alleged to have been incurred by the Seller or the Company Entities in connection with the sale of the Purchased Shares or the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
 Section  4.18 Insurance . The properties of the Company and its Subsidiaries are insured with financially sound and reputable insurance companies not Affiliates of the Company, in such amounts with such deductibles and covering such risks as are customarily carried by companies engaged in similar businesses and owning similar properties in localities where the Company or the applicable Subsidiary operates.
 Section  4.19 Internal Controls . Except as described in the Company SEC Documents, the Company Entities, taken as a whole, maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (a) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, (b) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain accountability for assets, (c) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization and (d) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences and (ii) internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP and such internal control over financial reporting is effective.
 
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 Section  4.20 Disclosure Controls and Procedures . (a) To the extent required by Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act, each of the Company Entities has established and maintains disclosure controls and procedures (to the extent required by and as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act), (b) such disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports to be filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management of the Company, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure to be made and (c) to the extent required by Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act, such disclosure controls and procedures are effective in all material respects to perform the functions for which they were established.
 Section  4.21 Sarbanes-Oxley . The Company is in compliance in all material respects with all applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations promulgated in connection therewith.
 Section  4.22 Listing and Maintenance Requirements . As of the Closing Date, the Common Shares (other than the Class  B-1 Common Stock) will be listed on the NYSE, and the Company has not received any notice of, nor taken any action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, delisting; the Company is in compliance in all material respects with the listing and listing maintenance requirements of the NYSE applicable to it for the continued trading of its Common Shares (other than the Class  B-1 Common Stock) on the NYSE. The issuance of the Purchased Shares does not contravene NYSE rules and regulations.
 Section  4.23 ERISA Compliance .
(a) Each Plan of the Company Entities is in compliance in all material respects with the applicable provisions of ERISA, the Code and other federal or state Laws. Each Plan of the Company Entities that is intended to be a qualified plan under Section 401(a) of the Code has received a favorable determination letter from the Internal Revenue Service to the effect that the form of such Plan is qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code and the trust related thereto has been determined by the Internal Revenue Service to be exempt from federal income tax under Section 501(a) of the Code, or an application for such a letter is currently being processed by the Internal Revenue Service. To the best knowledge of the Seller and the Company, nothing has occurred that would prevent or cause the loss of, such tax-qualified status.
(b) There are no pending or, to the best knowledge of the Seller or the Company, threatened claims, actions or lawsuits, or action by any Governmental Authority, with respect to any Plan of the Amneal Business, the Company or any of their Subsidiaries, respectively, that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. There has been no prohibited transaction or violation of the fiduciary responsibility rules with respect to any Plan of the Amneal Business, the Company or any of their Subsidiaries that has resulted or could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(c) Except as would not reasonably be expected, either individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect, (i) no ERISA Event has occurred, and none of the Amneal Business, the Company or any of their Subsidiaries nor any ERISA Affiliate is aware of any fact, event or circumstance that could reasonably be expected to constitute or result in an ERISA Event with respect to any Pension Plan of the Amneal Business, the Company or any of their Subsidiaries; (ii) the Amneal Business, the Company or any of their Subsidiaries and each ERISA Affiliate have met all applicable requirements under the Pension Funding Rules in respect of each Pension Plan of Amneal Business, the Company or any of their Subsidiaries, respectively, and no waiver of the minimum funding standards under the Pension Funding Rules has been applied for or obtained; (iii) as of the most recent valuation date for any Pension Plan of the Amneal Business, the Company or any of their Subsidiaries, the funding target attainment percentage (as defined in Section 430(d)(2) of the Code) is 60% or higher and none of Amneal Business, the Company or any of their Subsidiaries nor any ERISA Affiliate knows of any facts or circumstances that could reasonably be expected to cause the funding target attainment percentage for any such plan to drop below 60% as of the most recent valuation date; (iv) none of Amneal Business, the Company or any of their Subsidiaries nor any ERISA Affiliate has incurred any liability to the PBGC other than
 
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for the payment of premiums, and there are no premium payments which have become due that are unpaid; (v) none of Amneal Business, the Company or any of their Subsidiaries nor any ERISA Affiliate has engaged in a transaction that could be subject to Section 4069 or Section 4212(c) of ERISA; and (vi) no Pension Plan of the Amneal Business, the Company or any of their Subsidiaries has been terminated by the plan administrator thereof nor by the PBGC, and no event or circumstance has occurred or exists that could reasonably be expected to cause the PBGC to institute proceedings under Title IV of ERISA to terminate any Pension Plan of the Amneal Business, the Company or any of their Subsidiaries.
(d) None of the Amneal Business, the Company or any of their Subsidiaries or any ERISA Affiliate maintains or contributes to, or has any unsatisfied obligation to contribute to, or liability under, any active or terminated Pension Plan.
(e) With respect to each scheme or arrangement mandated by a government other than the United States (a “ Foreign Government Scheme or Arrangement ”) and with respect to each employee benefit plan maintained or contributed to by the Amneal Business, the Company or any Subsidiary thereof that is not subject to United States Law (a “ Foreign Plan ”):
(i) any employer and employee contributions required by Law or by the terms of any Foreign Government Scheme or Arrangement or any Foreign Plan have been made, or, if applicable, accrued, in accordance with normal accounting practices;
(ii) the fair market value of the assets of each funded Foreign Plan, the liability of each insurer for any Foreign Plan funded through insurance or the book reserve established for any Foreign Plan, together with any accrued contributions, is sufficient to procure or provide for the accrued benefit obligations with respect to all current and former participants in such Foreign Plan according to the actuarial assumptions and valuations most recently used to account for such obligations in accordance with applicable generally accepted accounting principles; and
(iii) each Foreign Plan required to be registered has been registered and has been maintained in good standing with applicable regulatory authorities.
 Section  4.24 Labor Matters . Except as would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect: (1) there are no strikes or other labor disputes against any of the Amneal Business or the Company Entities pending or, to the knowledge of the Seller or the Company Entities, as applicable, threatened and (2) hours worked by and payment made based on hours worked to employees of each of the Amneal Business or the Company Entities have not been in violation of the Fair Labor Standards Act or any other applicable Laws dealing with wage and hour matters.
 Section  4.25 Intellectual Property; Licenses, Etc. Except as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect, (i) the Amneal Business, the Company and their Subsidiaries exclusively own their material proprietary Intellectual Property that they own or purport to own, free and clear of all Liens, and own or have a valid right to use, all other Intellectual Property necessary for the operation of their respective businesses as currently conducted, (ii) each employee, contractor or consultant that has invented, created or reduced to practice any material Intellectual Property on behalf of the Company Entities, ownership of which does not vest in the Amneal Business, the Company or their Subsidiaries by operation of Law, has signed a written agreement assigning or granting valid rights to use such Intellectual Property to the Amneal Business, Company or their Subsidiaries, as applicable, (iii) the operation of the respective businesses of the Amneal Business, the Company and their Subsidiaries as currently conducted does not infringe upon, misuse, misappropriate or violate any Intellectual Property rights held by any Person and there is no written claim or written notice alleging same, received within the past three (3) years (including offers to take a license or cease and desist letters), (iv) no Person is infringing the Intellectual Property owned by the Amneal Business, the Company or any of their Subsidiaries, (v) the Amneal Business, the Company and their Subsidiaries have taken reasonable actions to protect the security, continuous operation and integrity of their
 
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systems, networks and software (and all data contained therein) used in the operation of their respective businesses, and (vi) there have been no material security breaches, unauthorized access to, outages or violations of any of the foregoing in part (iv).
 Section  4.26 Ownership of Property; Liens . Each of the Amneal Business, the Company and their Subsidiaries have good and valid record title in fee simple to, or valid leasehold interests in, or easements or other limited property interests in, all real property necessary in the ordinary conduct of its business, free and clear of all Liens except for (i) Liens that do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made or proposed to be made of such property by the Amneal Business or the Company Entities, (ii) Liens as are described in the Company SEC Documents, (iii) Liens under the Company’s existing debt arrangements and the debt arrangements contemplated by the Debt Commitment Letter, (iv) restrictions on transferability in the Organizational Documents of such Material Subsidiary and (v) except where the failure to have such title or other interest would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.
 Section  4.27 Environmental Matters .
(a) Except as would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect, (a) the Amneal Business, the Company and their Subsidiaries are in compliance with all, and have not violated any, applicable Environmental Laws (including having obtained all Environmental Permits) and (b) none of the Company, the Amneal Business or any their Subsidiaries has received notice of or is subject to any pending, or to the knowledge of the Seller or the Company, as applicable, threatened Environmental Claim or any other Environmental Liability or is aware of any basis for any Environmental Liability.
(b) None of the Amneal Business, the Company or their Subsidiaries has used, released, treated, stored, transported or disposed of Hazardous Materials, at or from any currently or formerly owned or operated real estate or facility relating to its business, in a manner that would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.
 Section  4.28 Tax Returns; Taxes . The Amneal Business, the Company and their Subsidiaries have filed all Federal, state and other material Tax returns and reports required to be filed, and have paid all Taxes, assessments, fees and other governmental charges levied or imposed upon them or their properties, income or assets otherwise due and payable and before they have become delinquent, except those which are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted and for which adequate reserves have been provided in accordance with GAAP. As of the date hereof, no Tax Lien has been filed against the Amneal Business, the Company, any of their Subsidiaries, or any assets of the Amneal Business, the Company, any of their Subsidiaries that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. There is no proposed tax assessment against the Amneal Business, the Company or any Subsidiary that would, if made, have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company. None of the Amneal Business, the Company nor any of their Subsidiaries is party to any tax sharing agreement. The charges, accruals and reserves on the books of the Amneal Business, the Company and any of their Subsidiaries in respect of Federal, state or other Taxes for all fiscal periods are adequate and in accordance with GAAP.
 Section  4.29 Required Disclosures and Descriptions . There are no legal or governmental actions, suits or proceedings (including an audit or examination by any taxing authority) pending or, to the knowledge of the Seller or the Company Entities, as applicable, threatened, against any of the Company Entities, or to which any of the Company Entities is a party, or to which any of their respective properties is subject, that are required to be described in the Company SEC Documents but are not described as required, and there are no Contracts that are required to be described in the Company SEC Documents or to be filed as an exhibit to the Company SEC Documents that are not described or filed as required by the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.
 Section  4.30 Shell Company Status . The Company is not, and has never been, an issuer identified in Rule 144(i)(1).
 
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 Section  4.31 USA PATRIOT Act, Anti-Corruption Laws and Sanctions . Each of the Amneal Business, the Company and each of their respective Subsidiaries, officers, directors, employees and agents has during the last five (5) years complied with (a) Sanctions, (b) the USA PATRIOT Act, and (c) Anti-Corruption Laws. Each of the Amneal Business and Company has implemented and maintains in effect policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance by the Amneal Business, the Company, their respective Subsidiaries and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents with Anti-Corruption Laws and applicable Sanctions. None of (a) the Amneal Business, the Company, any of their respective Subsidiaries or any of their respective directors, officers or employees, or (b) to the knowledge of the Seller, any agent of the Amneal Business or any of its Subsidiaries that will act in any capacity in connection with or benefit from the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, is a Sanctioned Person. None of (a) the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective directors, officers or employees, or (b) to the knowledge of the Company, any agent of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries that will act in any capacity in connection with or benefit from the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, is a Sanctioned Person. No use of proceeds or other transaction contemplated by this Agreement will be used (a) in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization of the payment or giving of money, or anything else of value, to any Person in violation of any Anti-Corruption Laws, (b) for the purpose of funding, financing or facilitating any activities, business or transaction of or with any Sanctioned Person, or in any Sanctioned Country, or (c) in any manner that would violate any Anti-Corruption Laws or Sanctions applicable to any party hereto.
 Section  4.32 OFAC Representation. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary of the Company nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee, or person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”), and the Company will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the sale of the Purchased Shares, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any Subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity, towards any sales or operations in Cuba, Iran, Syria, Sudan, Myanmar or any other country sanctioned by OFAC or for the purpose of financing the activities of any person currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by OFAC.
 Section  4.33 Money Laundering Laws The operation of each of the Company and any Subsidiary of the Company are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with the money laundering statues of applicable jurisdictions, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any applicable governmental agency (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”), and no action suit or proceeding by or before any court of governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company and/or any Subsidiary of the Company with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending, or to the Company’s knowledge, threatened.
 Section  4.34 No Directed Selling Efforts or General Solicitation . None of the Company, the Seller nor any Person acting on behalf of any of them has conducted any general solicitation or general advertising (as those terms are used in Regulation D of the Securities Act) in connection with the offer or sale of any of the Purchased Shares.
 Section  4.35 No Integrated Offering . None of the Company, the Seller or any of their respective Affiliates, nor any Person acting on behalf of any them has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any Company security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would adversely affect reliance by the Company on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act for the exemption from registration for the transactions contemplated hereby or would require registration of the Purchased Shares under the Securities Act.
 Section  4.36 No Side Agreements. Other than any agreements between or among Newco and any of TPG Improv Holdings, L.P. or its Affiliates, there are no binding agreements by, among or between the Company or any of its Affiliates, on the one hand, and any Purchaser or any of its Affiliates, on the other hand, with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than the Transaction Documents.
 
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 Section  4.37 Absence of Manipulation. The Company has not, and to the Company’s knowledge no one acting on its behalf has, taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of any of the Purchased Shares.
 ARTICLE V
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
OF THE PURCHASERS
Each of the Purchasers, severally as to itself but not jointly, represents and warrants to the Seller as follows:
 Section  5.01 Existence . Such Purchaser is duly organized and validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of its jurisdiction of organization or formation, with all necessary power and authority to own and operate its properties and to conduct its business as currently conducted.
 Section  5.02 Authorization, Enforceability . Such Purchaser has all necessary corporate, limited liability company, trust or partnership power and authority to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under the Transaction Documents to which it is a party. The execution, delivery and performance of such Transaction Documents by such Purchaser and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated thereby have been duly and validly authorized by all necessary legal action, and no further consent or authorization of such Purchaser or any other Person is required. Each of the Transaction Documents to which such Purchaser is a party has been duly executed and delivered by such Purchaser, where applicable, and constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of such Purchaser; provided that, with respect to each such agreement, the enforceability thereof may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium or similar Laws from time to time in effect affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights and remedies generally and by general principles of equity (regardless of whether such principles are considered in a proceeding in equity or at law).
 Section  5.03 No Breach . The execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents to which such Purchaser is a party by such Purchaser and the consummation by such Purchaser of the transactions contemplated thereby will not (a) conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, any material agreement to which such Purchaser is a party or by which such Purchaser is bound or to which any of the property or assets of such Purchaser is subject, (b) conflict with or result in any violation of the provisions of the Organizational Documents of such Purchaser, or (c) violate any Law of any Governmental Authority or body having jurisdiction over such Purchaser or the property or assets of such Purchaser, except in the case of clauses (a) and (c), for such conflicts, breaches, violations or defaults as would not prevent the consummation of the transactions contemplated by such Transaction Documents.
 Section  5.04 Certain Fees . No fees or commissions are or will be payable by such Purchaser to brokers, finders or investment bankers with respect to the purchase of any of the Purchased Shares or the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, except for fees or commissions for which none of the Seller or the Company Entities is responsible.
 Section  5.05 Unregistered Securities .
(a) Accredited Purchaser Status; Sophisticated Purchaser . Such Purchaser is (A) an “accredited investor” within the meaning of Rule 501(a) (1), (2), (3) or (7) under the Securities Act, as amended, or (B) (i) a “qualified institutional buyer” within the meaning of Rule 144A under the Securities Act, as amended; (ii) an Institutional Account as defined in FINRA Rule 4512(c); and (iii) a sophisticated institutional investor, experienced in investing in private equity transactions and capable of evaluating investment risks independently, both in general and with regard to all transactions and investment strategies involving a security or securities, including such
 
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Purchaser’s participation in the transactions contemplated hereby. Such Purchaser has determined based on its own independent review and such professional advice as it deems appropriate that its purchase of the Purchased Shares and participation in the transactions contemplated hereby (1) are fully consistent with its financial needs, objectives and condition, (2) comply and are fully consistent with all investment policies, guidelines and other restrictions applicable to such Purchaser, (3) have been duly authorized and approved by all necessary action, (4) do not and will not violate or constitute a default under such Purchaser’s charter, by-laws or other constituent document or under any law, rule, regulation, agreement or other obligation by which it is bound and (5) are a fit, proper and suitable investment for such Purchaser, notwithstanding the substantial risks inherent in investing in or holding the Purchased Shares. Such Purchaser is able to bear the substantial risks associated with its purchase of the Purchased Shares, including but not limited to loss of its entire investment therein.
(b) Information . Such Purchaser and its Representatives have (i) received, reviewed and understood the offering materials made available to it in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, (ii) had the opportunity to ask questions of and receive answers from the Seller and the Company directly, (iii) conducted and completed its own independent due diligence with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby and (iv) been furnished with all materials relating to the businesses, finances and operations of the Amneal Business and the Company that have been requested and materials relating to the offer and sale of the Purchased Shares that have been requested by such Purchaser. In connection with such Purchaser’s investigation of the Amneal Business, the Company and their businesses and operations, such Purchaser and its Representatives have received and, after the date hereof but prior to Closing, may receive, from the Seller or the Company certain projections and other forecasts for the Amneal Business, the Company or the Company Entities and certain estimates, plans and budget information, and other forward-looking information. Such Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that (a) there are uncertainties inherent in attempting to make such projections, forecasts, estimates, plans, budgets and other forward-looking statements, (b) such Purchaser is familiar with such uncertainties and (c) such Purchaser is taking full responsibility for making its own evaluations of the adequacy and accuracy of all estimates, projections, forecasts, plans, budgets and other forward-looking statements so furnished to it or its Representatives. Such Purchaser acknowledges that it has not received financial statements of the Amneal Business prepared or audited in accordance with the rules of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and that such Purchaser has not received pro forma financial information prepared in accordance with SEC rules relating to the Merger, including the related financing, and that audited financial statements of the Amneal Business prepared in accordance with the rules of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and pro forma financial information reflecting such transactions prepared in accordance with SEC rules, when prepared and filed with the SEC, could differ materially from the information regarding such business and such transactions that such Purchaser has received. Based on such information as such Purchaser has deemed appropriate and without reliance upon the Agent in and of itself, such Purchaser has independently made its own judgment concerning the Company and the Amneal Business and their businesses, operations and prospects and analysis and decision to enter into this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby. Except for the representations, warranties and agreements of the Seller and the Company expressly set forth in this Agreement, such Purchaser is relying exclusively on its own sources of information, investment analysis and due diligence (including professional advice it deems appropriate) with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby, the Purchased Shares and the businesses, condition (financial and otherwise), management, operations, properties and prospects of the Amneal Business and the Company, including but not limited to all business, legal, regulatory, accounting, credit and tax matters. Neither any inquiries nor any other due diligence investigations conducted at any time by such Purchasers and its Representatives shall modify, amend or affect such Purchasers’ right (i) to rely on the representations and warranties contained in the Agreement and other Transaction Documents or (ii) to indemnification or any other remedy based on, or with respect to the accuracy or inaccuracy of, or compliance with, the representations, warranties, covenants and agreements in any Transaction Document. Such Purchaser understands that its purchase of the Purchased Shares involves a high degree of risk. Such Purchaser has sought such accounting, legal and tax advice as it has considered necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to its acquisition of the Purchased Shares.
 
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(c) Residency . Such Purchaser shall cooperate reasonably with the Seller to provide any information necessary for any applicable securities filings.
(d) Legends . Such Purchaser understands that, until such time a registration statement registering the Purchased Shares has become effective, or the Purchased Shares are eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act without any restriction as to the number of securities as of a particular date that can then be immediately sold, the Purchased Shares will bear a restrictive legend substantially as follows: “The securities represented hereby have not been registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission or the securities commission of any state in reliance upon an exemption from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and, accordingly, may not be transferred unless (i) such securities have been registered for sale pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (ii) such securities are sold pursuant to Rule 144, or (iii) the Company has received an opinion of counsel reasonably satisfactory to it that such transfer may lawfully be made without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.” Additionally, if required by the authorities of any state in connection with the issuance or sale of the Purchased Shares, the Purchased Shares shall bear the legend required by such state authority.
(e) Purchase Representation . Such Purchaser is acquiring its entire beneficial ownership interest in the Purchased Shares for its own account for investment purposes only and not with a view to any distribution of the Purchased Shares in any manner that would violate the securities laws of the United States or any other jurisdiction. Such Purchaser has been advised and understands that the Purchased Shares have not been registered under the Securities Act, the “blue sky” laws of any jurisdiction or the laws of any other jurisdiction and may be resold only if registered pursuant to the provisions of the Securities Act (or if eligible, pursuant to the provisions of Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act or pursuant to another available exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act) and in compliance with the restrictions on transfer set forth in the Transaction Documents. Such Purchaser has been advised and understands that the Seller, in selling the Purchased Shares, is relying upon, among other things, the representations and warranties of such Purchaser contained in this ARTICLE V in concluding that such issuance is a “private offering” and is exempt from the registration provisions of the Securities Act.
(f) Rule 144 . Such Purchaser understands that the Purchased Shares must be held indefinitely unless and until the Purchased Shares are registered under the Securities Act or an exemption from registration is available. Such Purchaser has been advised of and is aware of the provisions of Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act.
(g) Reliance by the Seller . Such Purchaser understands that the Purchased Shares are being offered and sold in reliance on a transactional exemption from the registration requirements of federal and state securities Laws and that the Seller is relying upon the truth and accuracy of the representations, warranties, agreements, acknowledgments and understandings of such Purchaser set forth herein in order to determine the applicability of such exemptions and the suitability of such Purchaser to acquire the Purchased Shares.
 Section  5.06 Sufficient Funds . Such Purchaser will have available to it at the Closing sufficient funds to enable such Purchaser to pay in full at the Closing the entire amount of such Purchaser’s Funding Obligation in immediately available cash funds.
 Section  5.07 No Prohibited Trading . From such time as such Purchaser was first contacted by the Company or any other Person acting on behalf of the Company regarding the transactions contemplated hereby until the first public announcement of the execution of this Agreement, such Purchaser has not (a) offered, sold, contracted to sell, sold any option or contract to purchase, purchased any option or contract to sell, granted any option, right or warrant to purchase, lent, or otherwise transferred or disposed of, directly or indirectly, any of the Purchased Shares or (b) directly or indirectly engaged in any Short Sales or other derivative or hedging transactions with respect to Common Shares, including by means of any swap or other transaction or arrangement that transfers or that is designed to, or that might reasonably be expected to, result in the transfer to
 
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another, in whole or in part, of any of the economic consequences of ownership of any Purchased Shares, regardless of whether any transaction described in this Section 5.07 is to be settled by delivery of Common Shares or other securities, in cash or otherwise. For the avoidance of doubt, nothing in this Section 5.07 shall preclude any actions described in clauses (a) or (b) above following the first public announcement of the execution of this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the representation set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Purchased Shares covered by this Agreement.
 Section  5.08 No General Solicitation . Such Purchaser did not learn of the investment in the Purchased Shares as a result of any general solicitation or general advertising.
 Section  5.09 No Reliance . Such Purchaser hereby acknowledges and agrees that (a) the Agent is acting solely as placement agent in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby and is not acting as underwriter or in any other capacity and is not and shall not be construed as a fiduciary for such Purchaser, the Seller, the Company or any other person or entity in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, (b) the Agent has not made and will not make any representation or warranty, whether express or implied, of any kind or character and has not provided any advice or recommendation in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, (c) the Agent will have no responsibility with respect to (i) any representations, warranties or agreements made by any person or entity under or in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby or any of the documents furnished pursuant thereto or in connection therewith, or the execution, legality, validity or enforceability (with respect to any person) or any thereof, or (ii) the business, affairs, financial condition, operations, properties or prospects of, or any other matter concerning the Seller, the Company or the transactions contemplated hereby, and (d) the Agent shall have no liability or obligation (including without limitation, for or with respect to any losses, claims, damages, obligations, penalties, judgments, awards, liabilities, costs, expenses or disbursements incurred by such Purchaser, the Seller, the Company or any other person or entity), whether in contract, tort or otherwise, to such Purchaser, or to any person claiming through such Purchaser, in respect of the transactions contemplated hereby.
 Section  5.10 No Side Agreements . Other than any agreements between or among Newco and any of TPG Improv Holdings, L.P. or its Affiliates, there are no binding agreements by, among or between such Purchaser or any of its Affiliates, on the one hand, and the Seller or any of its Affiliates, on the other hand, with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than the Transaction Documents.
 ARTICLE VI
COVENANTS
 Section  6.01 Cooperation; Further Assurances . The Seller shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all approvals and consents required by or necessary to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents. The Seller agrees to execute and deliver all such documents or instruments, to take all commercially reasonable action and to do all other commercially reasonable things it determines to be necessary, proper or advisable under applicable Laws and regulations or as otherwise reasonably requested by the Purchasers to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
 Section  6.02 Pre-Closing Covenants .
(a) Prior to the Merger, the Seller shall comply, and cause the Amneal Business to comply, as applicable, with Sections 5.01(b)(i), (ii) and (vii) of the Business Combination Agreement.
 
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(b) Prior to the Merger, the Seller shall use its reasonable best efforts to enforce its rights under, Sections 5.01(a)(i), (ii), (iii) and (vii) of the Business Combination Agreement and Section 5.2 (and including registration of resale of the Purchased Shares) of the Stockholders Agreement.
 Section  6.03 Integration . The Seller and the Company shall not, and shall use their respective commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that no Affiliate of the Seller or the Company shall, sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined in Section 2 of the Securities Act) that will be integrated with the offer or sale of the Purchased Shares in a manner that would require the registration under the Securities Act of the sale of the Purchased Shares to the Purchasers, or that will be integrated with the offer or sale of the Purchased Shares for purposes of the rules and regulations of any trading market such that it would require stockholder approval prior to the closing of such other transaction unless stockholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction..
 Section  6.04 Company Joinder . The Seller shall, concurrently with and conditioned upon the Closing, cause the Company to execute a joinder to this Agreement substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B whereby the Company shall be bound by the obligations, agreements and acknowledgements of the Company and of the Seller with respect to the Company, the Company Entities and the Company’s Subsidiaries hereunder and jointly bound by the Seller’s obligations, agreements and acknowledgments hereunder, mutatis mutandis ; provided that the Seller shall continue to be bound by such obligations, agreements and acknowledgements of the Seller.
 Section  6.05 Company Lock-Up . The Seller shall, concurrently with and conditioned upon the Closing, cause the Company to execute the Company Lock-Up.
 ARTICLE VII
INDEMNIFICATION, COSTS AND EXPENSES
 Section  7.01 Indemnification by the Seller and the Company . The Seller (solely with respect to its representations in Article III) and the Company (solely with respect to its representations in Article IV) each agrees to indemnify (with respect to Section 7.01(a)), the Seller agrees to indemnify (with respect to Section 7.01(b)) and the Company agrees to indemnify (with respect to Section 7.01(c)), each Purchaser and its Affiliates and Representatives (collectively, “ Purchaser Related Parties ”) from costs, losses, liabilities, damages or expenses of any kind or nature whatsoever, and hold each of them harmless against, any and all actions, suits, proceedings (including any investigations, litigation or inquiries), demands and causes of action, and, in connection therewith, promptly upon demand, pay or reimburse each of them for all costs, losses, liabilities, damages, or expenses of any kind or nature whatsoever (including the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel and all other reasonable expenses incurred in connection with investigating, defending or preparing to defend any such matter that may be incurred by them or asserted against or involve any of them), whether or not involving a Third-Party Claim, as a result of, arising out of, or in any way related to (a) the failure of any of the representations or warranties made by the Seller (subject to the limitations set forth in the parentheticals above) or the Company (subject to the limitations set forth in the parentheticals above) contained herein to be true and correct in all material respects (other than those representations and warranties contained in Section 3.01, Section 3.02, Section 3.07(a), Section 3.07(b), Section 3.07(c), Section 3.07(d), Section 3.08, Section 3.09, Section 4.01, Section 4.02, Section 4.13(a), Section 4.13(b), Section 4.13(c) or Section 4.17 or other representations and warranties that are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, which, in each case, shall be true and correct in all respects) when made and as of the Closing Date (except for any representations and warranties made as of a specific date, which shall be required to be true and correct as of such date only), (b) the breach of any covenants of the Seller contained herein or (c) the breach of any of the covenants of the Company contained herein; provided that, in the case of the immediately preceding clause (a), such claim for indemnification is made prior to the expiration of the survival period of such representation or warranty; provided , further , that for purposes of determining when an indemnification claim has been made, the
 
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date upon which a Purchaser Related Party shall have given notice (stating in reasonable detail the basis of the claim for indemnification to the extent known) to the Seller and, as applicable, the Company shall constitute the date upon which such claim has been made; and provided , further , that the aggregate liability of the Seller and the Company to each Purchaser pursuant to this Section 7.01 shall not be greater in amount than such Purchaser’s Funding Obligation, and the aggregate liability of the Seller and the Company to all Purchasers pursuant to this Section 7.01 shall not exceed the Total Funding Obligation. No Purchaser Related Party shall be entitled to recover special, indirect, incidental, consequential, exemplary, lost profits, speculative or punitive damages under this Section 7.01; provided , however , that such limitation shall not prevent any Purchaser Related Party from recovering under this Section 7.01 for any such damages to the extent that such damages are in the form of diminution in value or are payable to a third party in connection with any Third Party Claims.
 Section 7.02 Indemnification Procedure .
(a) A claim for indemnification for any matter not involving a Third-Party Claim may be asserted by notice to the party from whom indemnification is sought; provided , however , that failure to so notify the indemnifying party shall not preclude the indemnified party from any indemnification which it may claim in accordance with this ARTICLE VII, except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01.
(b) Promptly after any Purchaser Related Party (hereinafter, the “ Indemnified Party ”) has received notice of any indemnifiable claim hereunder, or the commencement of any action, suit or proceeding by a third person, which the Indemnified Party believes in good faith is an indemnifiable claim under this Agreement (each a “ Third-Party Claim ”), the Indemnified Party shall give the indemnitors hereunder (collectively, the “ Indemnifying Party ”) written notice of such Third-Party Claim, but failure to so notify the Indemnifying Party will not relieve the Indemnifying Party from any liability it may have to such Indemnified Party hereunder except to the extent that the Indemnifying Party is materially prejudiced by such failure. Such notice shall state the nature and the basis of such Third-Party Claim to the extent then known. The Indemnifying Party shall have the right to defend and settle, at its own expense and by its own counsel who shall be reasonably acceptable to the Indemnified Party, any such matter as long as the Indemnifying Party pursues the same diligently and in good faith. If the Indemnifying Party undertakes to defend or settle, it shall promptly notify the Indemnified Party of its intention to do so, and the Indemnified Party shall cooperate with the Indemnifying Party and its counsel in all commercially reasonable respects in the defense thereof and the settlement thereof. Such cooperation shall include, but shall not be limited to, furnishing the Indemnifying Party with any books, records and other information reasonably requested by the Indemnifying Party and in the Indemnified Party’s possession or control. Such cooperation of the Indemnified Party shall be at the cost of the Indemnifying Party. After the Indemnifying Party has notified the Indemnified Party of its intention to undertake to defend or settle any such asserted liability, and for so long as the Indemnifying Party diligently pursues such defense, the Indemnifying Party shall not be liable for any additional legal expenses incurred by the Indemnified Party in connection with any defense or settlement of such asserted liability; provided , however , that the Indemnified Party shall be entitled (i) at its expense, to participate in the defense of such asserted liability and the negotiations of the settlement thereof and (ii) if (A) the Indemnifying Party has failed to assume the defense or employ counsel reasonably acceptable to the Indemnified Party or (B) if the defendants in any such action include both the Indemnified Party and the Indemnifying Party and counsel to the Indemnified Party shall have concluded that there may be reasonable defenses available to the Indemnified Party that are different from or in addition to those available to the Indemnifying Party or if the interests of the Indemnified Party reasonably may be deemed to conflict with the interests of the Indemnifying Party, then the Indemnified Party shall have the right to select a separate counsel and to assume such legal defense and otherwise to participate in the defense of such action, with the expenses and fees of such separate counsel and other expenses related to such participation to be reimbursed by the Indemnifying Party as incurred. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Indemnifying Party shall not settle any indemnified claim without the consent of the Indemnified Party, unless the settlement thereof imposes no liability or obligation on, and includes a complete release from liability of, and does not include any admission of wrongdoing or malfeasance by, the Indemnified Party.
 
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 Section  7.03 Tax Matters . All indemnification payments under this ARTICLE VII shall be treated as adjustments to the applicable Purchaser’s Funding Obligation for Tax purposes except as otherwise required by applicable Law.
 ARTICLE VIII
TERMINATION
 Section  8.01 Termination . This Agreement may be terminated at any time prior to the Closing:
(a) by mutual written consent of the Seller and a Purchaser, with respect to itself but not any other Purchaser;
(b) by written notice from either the Seller or a Purchaser, with respect to itself but not any other Purchaser, if any Governmental Authority with lawful jurisdiction shall have issued a final order, decree or ruling or taken any other final action restraining, enjoining or otherwise prohibiting the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents and such order, decree, ruling or other action is or shall have become final and nonappealable;
(c) by written notice from either the Seller or a Purchaser, with respect to itself but not any other Purchaser, if the Business Combination Agreement is terminated for any reason or is amended in a manner which makes the conditions in Section 2.04(c) or Section 2.05(b) impossible to satisfy; or
(d) by written notice from a Purchaser, with respect to itself but not any other Purchaser, if the Closing does not occur by 11:59 p.m. New York time on the Drop-Dead Date; provided , however , that no party may terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 8.01(d) if such party is, at the time of providing such written notice, in breach of any of its obligations under this Agreement in a manner that would cause a condition set forth in Section 2.04(c) or Section 2.05(b) (as applicable) not to be satisfied.
 Section  8.02 Certain Effects of Termination . In the event that this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section 8.01, this Agreement shall become null and void and have no further force or effect, but the parties shall not be released from any liability arising from or in connection with any breach hereof occurring prior to such termination.
 ARTICLE IX
MISCELLANEOUS
 Section  9.01 Expenses . All costs and expenses, including fees and disbursements of counsel, financial advisors and accountants, incurred in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby shall be paid by the party incurring such costs and expenses.
 Section  9.02 Interpretation . Article, Section, Schedule and Exhibit references in this Agreement are references to the corresponding Article, Section, Schedule or Exhibit to this Agreement, unless otherwise specified. All Exhibits and Schedules to this Agreement are hereby incorporated and made a part hereof as if set forth in full herein and are an integral part of this Agreement. All references to instruments, documents, Contracts and agreements are references to such instruments, documents, Contracts and agreements as the same may be amended, supplemented and otherwise modified from time to time, unless otherwise specified. The word “including” shall mean “including but not limited to” and shall not be construed to limit any general statement that it follows to the specific or similar items or matters immediately following it. Any reference in this Agreement to “$” shall mean U.S. dollars. Whenever any determination, consent or approval is to be made or given by any party to this Agreement, such action shall be in such party’s sole discretion, unless otherwise
 
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specified in this Agreement. If any provision in the Transaction Documents is held to be illegal, invalid, not binding or unenforceable, (a) such provision shall be fully severable and the Transaction Documents shall be construed and enforced as if such illegal, invalid, not binding or unenforceable provision had never comprised a part of the Transaction Documents, and the remaining provisions shall remain in full force and effect, and (b) the parties hereto shall negotiate in good faith to modify the Transaction Documents so as to effect the original intent of the parties as closely as possible in an acceptable manner in order that the transactions contemplated hereby are consummated as originally contemplated to the greatest extent possible. When calculating the period of time before which, within which or following which any act is to be done or step taken pursuant to the Transaction Documents, the date that is the reference date in calculating such period shall be excluded. If the last day of such period is not a Business Day, the period in question shall end on the next succeeding Business Day. Any words imparting the singular number only shall include the plural and vice versa. The words such as “herein,” “hereinafter,” “hereof” and “hereunder” refer to this Agreement as a whole and not merely to a subdivision in which such words appear unless the context otherwise requires. Except where context requires otherwise, the word “or” shall be inclusive. The provision of a Table of Contents, the division of this Agreement into Articles, Sections and other subdivisions and the insertion of headings are for convenience of reference only and shall not affect or be utilized in construing or interpreting this Agreement.
 Section 9.03 Massachusetts Business Trust.
(a) A copy of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of Janus Investment Fund is on file with the Secretary of State of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and notice is hereby given that this Agreement is executed on behalf of the trustees of the Trust or any affiliate thereof as trustees and not individually and that the obligations of this Agreement are not binding on any of the trustees, officers or stockholders of the Trust or any affiliate thereof individually but are binding only upon such investor or any affiliate thereof and it assets and property.
(b) A copy of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of each Fidelity Purchaser or any affiliate thereof is on file with the Secretary of State of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and notice is hereby given that this Agreement is executed on behalf of the trustees of such Fidelity Purchaser or any affiliate thereof as trustees and not individually and that the obligations of this Agreement are not binding on any of the trustees, officers or stockholders of such Fidelity Purchaser or any affiliate thereof individually but are binding only upon such Fidelity Purchaser or any affiliate thereof and its assets and property.
 Section  9.04 Survival of Provisions . The representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.01, Section 3.02, Section 3.07(a), Section 3.07(b), Section 3.07(c), Section 3.07(d), Section 3.08, Section 4.01, Section 4.02, Section 4.13(a), Section 4.13(b), Section 4.13(c), Section 4.17, Section 5.01, Section 5.02, Section 5.04, Section 5.04, Section 5.05, Section 5.07, Section 5.08 and Section 5.09 hereunder shall survive the execution and delivery of this Agreement indefinitely and the other representations and warranties set forth herein shall survive for a period of six (6) months following the Closing Date, regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the Seller or the Purchasers. The covenants made in this Agreement or any other Transaction Document shall survive the Closing and remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of acceptance of any of the Purchased Shares and payment therefor and repayment, conversion or repurchase thereof. Regardless of any purported general termination of this Agreement, the provisions of ARTICLE VII and all indemnification rights and obligations of the Seller and the Purchasers thereunder, and this ARTICLE IX shall remain operative and in full force and effect as between the Seller (and, as applicable following the delivery of the Company Joinder, the Company) and each Purchaser, unless the Seller (and, as applicable following the delivery of the Company Joinder, the Company) and the applicable Purchaser execute a writing that expressly terminates such rights and obligations as between the Seller (and, as applicable following the delivery of the Company Joinder, the Company) and such Purchaser.
 Section 9.05 No Waiver: Modifications in Writing .
(a) Delay . No failure or delay on the part of any party in exercising any right, power or remedy hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right, power or remedy
 
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preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or remedy. The remedies provided for herein are cumulative and are not exclusive of any remedies that may be available to a party at law or in equity or otherwise.
(b) Specific Waiver; Amendment . Except as otherwise provided herein or as specifically provided otherwise in any other Transaction Document with respect thereto, no amendment, waiver, consent, modification or termination of any provision of any Transaction Document shall be effective unless signed by (i) before Closing, each of the parties thereto affected by such amendment, waiver, consent, modification or termination and (ii) after Closing, the Seller (if affected by such amendment, waiver, consent, modification or termination), the Company (if affected by such amendment, waiver, consent, modification or termination) and the Purchasers holding a two-thirds majority of the Purchased Shares then held by the Purchasers; provided that (A) any amendment, waiver, consent, modification or termination pursuant to clause (ii) shall not apply with respect to any Purchaser without the written consent of such Purchaser unless such amendment or waiver applies to all Purchasers in the same fashion and (B) no consideration shall be offered or paid to any Person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of any of the Transaction Documents unless the same consideration is also offered to all of the parties to the Transaction Documents (for clarification purposes, this clause (B) constitutes a separate right granted to each Purchaser by the Seller and negotiated separately by each Purchaser, and shall not in any way be construed as the Purchasers acting in concert or as a group with respect to the purchase, disposition or voting of Purchased Shares or otherwise). Any amendment, supplement or modification of or to any provision of any Transaction Document, any waiver of any provision of any Transaction Document and any consent to any departure by the Seller, the Company or any Purchaser from the terms of any provision of any Transaction Document shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which made or given. Except where notice is specifically required by this Agreement, no notice to or demand on the Seller, the Company or any Purchaser in any case shall entitle the Seller, the Company or such Purchaser to any other or further notice or demand in similar or other circumstances. Any investigation by or on behalf of any party shall not be deemed to constitute a waiver by the party taking such action of compliance with any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement contained herein.
 Section  9.06 Binding Effect . This Agreement shall be binding upon the Seller, each of the Purchasers (and, following the delivery of the Company Joinder, the Company) and their respective successors and permitted assigns. Except as expressly provided in this Agreement, this Agreement shall not be construed so as to confer any right or benefit upon any Person other than the parties to this Agreement and their respective successors and permitted assigns.
 Section  9.07 Publicity . Except as set forth below, no public release or announcement concerning the transactions contemplated hereby shall be issued by the Seller or the Purchasers without the prior consent of the Seller (in the case of a release or announcement by the Purchasers) or the Purchasers (in the case of a release or announcement by the Seller) (which consents shall not be unreasonably withheld), except as such release or announcement may be required by law or the applicable rules or regulations of any securities exchange or securities market, in which case the Seller or the Purchasers, as the case may be, shall allow the Purchasers or the Seller, as applicable, to the extent reasonably practicable in the circumstances, reasonable time to comment on such release or announcement in advance of such issuance. The parties acknowledge that (i) except as may otherwise be agreed separately between the Seller and any Purchaser, as of 9:30 a.m. (New York time) on October 17, 2017, no Purchaser shall be in possession of any material, nonpublic information received from the Seller or the Company or any of their respective officers, directors, employees or agents (including the Agent), with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby (including, without limitation, information about the Merger and information contained in the Investor Presentation), and (ii) prior to such time the Seller or the Company shall issue a press release or make a filing with the SEC disclosing any material information required to comply with the preceding clause (i). The Seller shall not, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries and each of its and their respective officers, directors, employees and agents, not to, provide any Purchaser with any such material, nonpublic information regarding the Company or any of the Company Entities from and after the filing of the press release without the express written consent of such Purchaser. Notwithstanding the foregoing, neither the
 
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Seller nor the Company shall publicly disclose the name of any Purchaser or any Affiliate or investment adviser of any Purchaser, or include the name of any Purchaser or any Affiliate or investment adviser of any Purchaser in any press release or in any filing with the SEC (other than a Registration Statement) or any regulatory agency or the NYSE, without the prior written consent of such Purchaser, except (i) as required by the federal securities law in connection with (A) any registration statement contemplated by the Registration Rights Agreement and (B) the filing of final Transaction Documents with the SEC and (ii) to the extent such disclosure is required by a valid order of a court or other governmental body having jurisdiction, by law, at the request of the staff of the Commission or regulatory agency or under NYSE regulations, in which case the Company shall (to the extent practical and legally permissible) provide the Purchasers with prior written notice of such disclosure permitted under this subclause (ii).
 Section  9.08 Communications . All notices and demands provided for hereunder shall be in writing and shall be given by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, telecopy, electronic mail, air courier guaranteeing overnight delivery or personal delivery to the following addresses:
(a) If to the Purchasers, to the addresses set forth on Schedule A .
(b) If to the Seller, to:
Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC
400 Crossing Boulevard Third Floor
Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
Telephone: (908) 947-3137
Facsimile: (908) 947-3144
Attention: Sheldon Hirt, Senior Vice President, General Counsel
Email: shirt@amneal.com
and
Tarsadia Investments, LLC
620 Newport Center Drive, 14th Floor
Newport Beach, California 92660
Telephone: (949) 610-8022
Facsimile: (949) 610-8222
Attention: Edward Coss
Email: edc@tarsadia.com
with a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):
Latham & Watkins
885 Third Avenue
New York, New York 10022
Telephone: (212) 906-1200
Facsimile: (212) 751-4864
Attention: Wesley C. Holmes
Email: wesley.holmes@lw.com
or to such other address as the Seller or the Purchasers may designate in writing. All notices and communications shall be deemed to have been duly given: at the time delivered by hand, if personally delivered; upon actual receipt if sent by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, or regular mail, if mailed; upon actual receipt of the facsimile, if sent via facsimile; when sent, if sent by electronic mail prior to 5:00 pm New York time on a Business Day, or on the next succeeding Business Day, if not; and upon actual receipt when delivered to an air courier guaranteeing overnight delivery.
 Section  9.09 Removal of Legend . In connection with a sale of Purchased Shares by a Purchaser in reliance on Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act, the applicable Purchaser or its broker shall deliver to the
 
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Company a broker representation letter providing to the Company the information required under Rule 144 to determine that the sale of such Purchased Shares is made in compliance with Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act, including, as may be appropriate, a certification that the Purchaser is not an Affiliate of the Company (as defined in Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act) and a certification as to the length of time that such securities have been held. Upon receipt of such representation letter, the Company shall, and the Seller shall within two days cause the Company to, remove the notation of a restrictive legend in such Purchaser’s book-entry account maintained by the Company, including the legend referred to in Section 5.05(d), and the Company shall bear all costs associated with the removal of such legend in the Company’s books. At such time as a registration statement with respect to the Purchased Shares has become effective, or such Purchased Shares have been held by any Purchaser for more than one year where such Purchaser is not, and has not been in the preceding three months, an affiliate of the Company (as defined in Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act), if the book-entry account of such Purchaser still bears the notation of the restrictive legend referred to in Section 5.05, the Seller and the Company each agree, upon request of the Purchaser or its permitted assignee, to take all steps necessary to promptly effect the removal of the legend described in Section 5.05, and the Company shall bear all costs associated with the removal of such legend in the Company’s books, regardless of whether the request is made in connection with a sale or otherwise, so long as such Purchaser or its permitted assignee provides to the Company the information required under Rule 144 (or other applicable exemptions) to determine that the legend is no longer required under the Securities Act or applicable state Laws, including (if there is no such registration statement) a certification that the holder is not an Affiliate of the Company (as defined in Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act) and to consent to the notation of an appropriate restriction, and a certification as to the length of time such securities have been held. The Company shall cooperate with each Purchaser to effect the removal of the legend referred to in Section 5.05 at any time such legend is no longer appropriate.
 Section  9.10 Entire Agreement . This Agreement, the other Transaction Documents, the Confidentiality Agreements and the other agreements and documents referred to herein are intended by the parties as a final expression of their agreement and intended to be a complete and exclusive statement of the agreement and understanding of the parties hereto in respect of the subject matter contained herein and therein. There are no restrictions, promises, warranties or undertakings, other than those set forth or referred to in this Agreement, the other Transaction Documents or the Confidentiality Agreements with respect to the rights granted by the Seller or any of its Affiliates or the Purchasers or any of their respective Affiliates. This Agreement, the other Transaction Documents or the Confidentiality Agreements and the other agreements and documents referred to herein or therein supersede all prior agreements and understandings among the parties with respect to such subject matter.
 Section  9.11 Governing Law: Submission to Jurisdiction . This Agreement, and all claims or causes of action (whether in contract or tort) that may be based upon, arise out of or relate to this Agreement or the negotiation, execution or performance of this Agreement (including any claim or cause of action based upon, arising out of or related to any representation or warranty made in or in connection with this Agreement), will be construed in accordance with and governed by the Laws of the State of New York without regard to principles of conflicts of laws that would result in the application of the law of any other jurisdiction. Any action against any party relating to the foregoing shall be brought in any federal or state court of competent jurisdiction located within the State of New York, and the parties hereto hereby irrevocably submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any federal or state court located within the State of New York over any such action. The parties hereby irrevocably waive, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable Law, any objection which they may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any such dispute brought in such court or any defense of inconvenient forum for the maintenance of such dispute. Each of the parties hereto agrees that a judgment in any such dispute may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by Law.
 Section  9.12 Waiver of Jury Trial . THE PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT EACH HEREBY WAIVES, AND AGREES TO CAUSE ITS AFFILIATES TO WAIVE, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY OF ANY CLAIM, DEMAND, ACTION OR CAUSE OF ACTION
 
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(A) ARISING UNDER THIS AGREEMENT OR (B) IN ANY WAY CONNECTED WITH OR RELATED OR INCIDENTAL TO THE DEALINGS OF THE PARTIES HERETO IN RESPECT OF THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OF THE TRANSACTIONS RELATED HERETO, IN EACH CASE WHETHER NOW EXISTING OR HEREAFTER ARISING, AND WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, EQUITY OR OTHERWISE. THE PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT EACH HEREBY AGREES AND CONSENTS THAT ANY SUCH CLAIM, DEMAND, ACTION OR CAUSE OF ACTION SHALL BE DECIDED BY COURT TRIAL WITHOUT A JURY AND THAT THE PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT MAY FILE AN ORIGINAL COUNTERPART OF A COPY OF THIS AGREEMENT WITH ANY COURT AS WRITTEN EVIDENCE OF THE CONSENT OF THE PARTIES HERETO TO THE WAIVER OF THEIR RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY.
 Section  9.13 Specific Performance . Each party hereto hereby acknowledges and agrees that the rights of each party to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby are special, unique and of extraordinary character and that, if any party violates or fails or refuses to perform any covenant or agreement made by it herein, the non-breaching party may be without an adequate remedy at law. If any party violates or fails or refuses to perform any covenant or agreement made by such party herein, the non-breaching party subject to the terms hereof and in addition to any remedy at law for damages or other relief, may (at any time prior to the valid termination of this Agreement pursuant to ARTICLE VIII) institute and prosecute an action in any court of competent jurisdiction to enforce specific performance of such covenant or agreement or seek any other equitable relief.
 Section 9.14 No Recourse Against Others .
(a) All claims, obligations, liabilities or causes of action (whether in contract or in tort, in law or in equity, or granted by statute) that may be based upon, in respect of, arise under, out or by reason of, be connected with or relate in any manner to this Agreement, or the negotiation, execution or performance of this Agreement (including any representation or warranty made in, in connection with, or as an inducement to, this Agreement), may be made only against (and are expressly limited to) the Seller and the Purchasers and, following execution and delivery of the Company Joinder, the Company. No Person other than the Seller or the Purchasers and, following execution and delivery of the Company Joinder, the Company, including no member, partner, stockholder, Affiliate or Representative thereof, nor the Agent, nor any member, partner, stockholder, Affiliate or Representative of any of the foregoing, shall have any liability (whether in contract or in tort, in law or in equity, or granted by statute) for any claims, causes of action, obligations or liabilities arising under, out of, in connection with or related in any manner to this Agreement or based on, in respect of or by reason of this Agreement or its negotiation, execution, performance or breach; and, to the maximum extent permitted by Law, each of the Seller, the Company and the Purchasers hereby waives and releases all such liabilities, claims, causes of action and obligations against any such third Person.
(b) Without limiting the foregoing, to the maximum extent permitted by Law, (i) each of the Seller, the Company and the Purchasers hereby waives and releases any and all rights, claims, demands or causes of action that may otherwise be available at law or in equity, or granted by statute, to avoid or disregard the entity form of the other or otherwise impose liability of the other on any third Person in respect of the transactions contemplated hereby, whether granted by statute or based on theories of equity, agency, control, instrumentality, alter ego, domination, sham, single business enterprise, piercing the veil, unfairness, undercapitalization or otherwise; and (ii) each of the Seller, the Company and the Purchasers disclaims any reliance upon any third Person with respect to the performance of this Agreement or any representation or warranty made in, in connection with or as an inducement to this Agreement.
(c) Each Purchaser’s liability under this Agreement shall be capped at such Purchaser’s Funding Obligation.
 Section  9.15 Assignment; No Third-Party Beneficiaries . Each Purchaser may assign this Agreement and any or all of its rights and interests hereunder to one or more of its Affiliates or designate one or more of its Affiliates to perform its obligations hereunder, in each case, so long as (a) such Purchaser is not relieved of any
 
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liability or obligations hereunder, (b) each Purchaser may assign this Agreement and any or all of its rights and interest hereunder to any purchaser of all or substantially all its assets or designate such purchaser to perform its obligations hereunder and (c) any of the Indemnified Parties may collaterally assign any or all of its rights and obligations hereunder to any provider of debt financing to it or any of its Affiliates. Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to or shall confer upon any Person, other than the Seller, the Purchasers and, following execution and delivery of the Company Joinder, the Company and, for purposes of Section 9.13 only, any member, partner, stockholder, Affiliate or Representative of the Seller, the Company or the Purchasers, or any member, partner, stockholder, Affiliate or Representative of any of the foregoing, any right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Agent is a third-party beneficiary of, and may rely on, the representations and warranties of each Purchaser contained in Section 5.05, Section 5.08 and Section 5.09.
 Section  9.16 Execution in Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and by different parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which counterparts, when so executed and delivered, shall be deemed to be an original and all of which counterparts, taken together, shall constitute but one and the same agreement.
 Section  9.17 Certain Adjustments . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the Common Share Offering Price shall be reduced by the per share amount of any dividend (other than a dividend payable solely in Common Shares) declared with respect to the Common Shares by the Company for which the record date occurs on or after the date hereof but before Closing. The Common Share Offering Price and number of Common Shares to be purchased by a Purchaser hereunder shall be adjusted to reflect any stock split, stock dividend, reverse stock split, or share combination for which the record date occurs after the date hereof and prior to Closing.
[ Signature Page Follows ]
 
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto execute this Agreement, effective as of the date first above written.

AMNEAL HOLDINGS, LLC	
		
By:	 	 	
	 	Name:	
	 	Title:	

 
[Signature Page to Purchase Agreement]
 
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PURCHASERS:	
	
[ ● ]	
		
By:    	 	[●]	
			
	 	By:    	 	 	
	 		 	Name:	
	 		 	Title:	
	
[ ● ]	
		
By:	 	[ ● ]	
			
	 	By:	 	 	
	 		 	Name:	
	 		 	Title:	
[ ● ]	
		
By:	 	[ ● ]	
			
	 	By:	 	 	
	 		 	Name:	
	 		 	Title:	

[Signature Page to Purchase Agreement]
 
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Exhibit B
STOCKHOLDERS AGREEMENT

Exhibit C
AMENDED AND RESTATED HOLDCO CHARTER

Exhibit D
TAX RECEIVABLE AGREEMENT

Exhibit E
RESTATED AMNEAL LLC OPERATING AGREEMENT

Exhibit 3.1
 FORM OF RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
It is hereby certified that:
1. The present name of the corporation (hereinafter called the “ Corporation ”) is ATLAS HOLDINGS, INC. The Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation was originally filed under the name Atlas Holdings, Inc. with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on October 4, 2017.
2. This Restated Certificate of Incorporation, which integrates and restates and also further amends the provisions of the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation, has been duly adopted in accordance with the provisions of Sections 228, 242 and 245 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.
3. The Certificate of Incorporation is hereby amended, integrated and restated to read in its entirety as follows:
FIRST: NAME
The name of the corporation is AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. (hereinafter called the “ Corporation ”).
SECOND: REGISTERED OFFICE AND AGENT
The registered office of the Corporation is to be located at 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, Delaware, County of New Castle, 19808. The name of its registered agent at that address is the Corporation Service Company.
THIRD: PURPOSE
The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity, without limitation, for which a corporation may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “ DGCL ”).
FOURTH: CAPITAL STOCK
Section 1. Authorization.
(a) The total number of shares of all classes of stock which the Corporation shall have the authority to issue is One Billion Two Hundred and Twenty Million (1,220,000,000) shares, consisting of (i) One Billion Two Hundred Eighteen Million (1,218,000,000) shares of Common Stock, $.01 par value per share (the “ Common Stock ”), of which Nine Hundred Million (900,000,000) are designated as Class A Common Stock (“ Class A Common Stock ”), Three Hundred Million (300,000,000) are designated as Class B Common Stock (“ Class B Common Stock ”) and Eighteen Million (18,000,000) are designated as Class B-1 Common Stock (“ Class B-1 Common Stock ”) and (ii) Two Million (2,000,000) shares designated preferred stock, $.01 par value per share (the “ Preferred Stock ”).
(b) The Preferred Stock may be issued in any number of series by the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “ Board ”) pursuant to this ARTICLE FOURTH and ARTICLE SIXTH.
 
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FIFTH: COMMON STOCK
Section 1. Common Stock; Identical Rights . Except as expressly provided otherwise in this ARTICLE FIFTH or as required by law, all shares of Common Stock shall be identical and shall entitle the holders thereof to the same rights and privileges.
Section 2. Ranking . The voting, dividend and liquidation rights of the holders of the Common Stock are subject to and qualified by such rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock as may be designated by the Board upon any issuance of any series of Preferred Stock.
Section 3. Dividends . Subject to applicable law and any preferential or other rights of the holders of any outstanding shares of Preferred Stock, the Board at any time and from time to time may declare and pay dividends on the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B-1 Common Stock, on a pari passu basis, out of funds legally available for the payment of dividends. When, as and if such dividends are declared by the Corporation’s Board , whether payable in cash, property, or securities of the Corporation, the holders of Class A Common Stock and Class B-1 Common Stock shall be entitled to share equally therein, on a pari passu basis, in accordance with the number of shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B-1 Common Stock held by each such holder. Dividends shall not be declared or paid on the Class B Common Stock.
Section 4. Liquidation Rights . Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the affairs of the Corporation, after payment to all creditors of the Corporation of the full amounts to which they shall be entitled and subject to any preferential or other rights of the holders of any outstanding shares of Preferred Stock, the holders of Class A Common Stock and Class B-1 Common Stock shall be entitled to share equally therein, on a pari passu basis, in accordance with the number of shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B-1 Common Stock held by each such holder, in all remaining assets of the Corporation available for distribution among the stockholders of the Corporation, whether such assets are capital, surplus or earnings. The holders of shares of Class B Common Stock, as such, shall not be entitled to receive any assets of the Corporation in the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the affairs of the Corporation.
For the purposes of this Section 4, neither the consolidation or merger of the Corporation with or into any other corporation or corporations, nor the sale, lease, exchange or transfer by the Corporation of all or any part of its assets, nor the reduction of the capital stock of the Corporation, shall be deemed to be a voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution, or winding-up of the Corporation.
Section 5. Voting .
 
 	a)	Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock . Each holder of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock shall be entitled to one vote for each share of Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock held of record by such holder. Except as required by law or as otherwise expressly provided for in this Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the holders of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock shall vote together as a single class on all matters upon which such holders are entitled to vote.	
 
 	b)	Class B-1 Common Stock . Except as required by law or as otherwise expressly provided for in ARTICLE SEVENTH, Section 1, shares of Class B-1 Common Stock shall have no voting rights and no holder thereof shall be entitled to vote on any matter.	
Section 6. Restrictions on Transfer and Issuances .
 
 	a)	No shares of Class B Common Stock may be issued except to a holder of Common Units or its Affiliates (other than the Corporation or any subsidiary of the Corporation that is a holder of Common Units), such that after such issuance of Class B Common Stock such holder (together with its Affiliates) holds an identical number of Common Units and shares of Class B Common Stock unless otherwise provided in the LLC Agreement (as defined below).	
 
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 	b)	No shares of Class B Common Stock may be transferred by the holder thereof except (i) for no consideration to the Corporation, upon which transfer of such shares shall, to the full extent permitted by law, automatically be retired or (ii) in accordance with the terms of the Stockholders Agreement (as defined herein) and the Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, dated as of [●], as the same may be further amended and/or restated from time to time (the “ LLC Agreement ”), copies of which will be provided to any stockholder of the Corporation upon written request therefor. Any stock certificates representing shares of Class B Common Stock shall include a legend referencing the transfer restrictions set forth herein. As used in this Restated Certificate of Incorporation, “ Common Units ” has the meaning assigned to such term in the LLC Agreement.	
Section 7. Conversion of Class B-1 Common Stock .
 
 	a)	Voluntary Conversion. Subject to ARTICLE FIFTH, Section 7(g), each share of Class B-1 Common Stock may be automatically converted into one share of Class A Common Stock (as adjusted for any stock splits, stock dividends, combinations, subdivisions, recapitalizations or the like) if the holder of such share of Class B-1 Common Stock approves or consents to such conversion.	
 
 	b)	Mandatory Conversion by the Corporation . Following the earlier to occur of (i) the first anniversary of the effective date of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation and (ii) such time as TPG Improv Holdings, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“ TPG ”), or any of its Affiliates elects a Class B-1 Director or otherwise designates a director to serve on the Board, the Corporation shall have the right, upon notice to the holder thereof, to automatically convert all shares of Class B-1 Common Stock into an equal number of shares of Class A Common Stock (as adjusted for any stock splits, stock dividends, combinations, subdivisions, recapitalizations or the like).	
 
 	c)	Mandatory Conversion upon Transfer . If, at any time on or after the effective date of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation, any share of Class B-1 Common Stock shall not be owned, beneficially or of record, by TPG or any of its Affiliates or Amneal or any of its Affiliates, such share of Class B-1 Common Stock shall be automatically converted into one share of Class A Common Stock (as adjusted for any stock splits, stock dividends, combinations, subdivisions, recapitalizations or the like).	
 
 	d)	Mechanics of Conversion . Upon any conversion of shares of Class B-1 Common Stock into shares of Class A Common Stock pursuant to this Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the holder shall surrender any certificate or certificates representing the shares of Class B-1 Common Stock being converted, duly endorsed, at the office of the Corporation or of any transfer agent for such stock, and shall give written notice to the Corporation at its principal corporate office stating the name or names in which the certificate or certificates representing the shares of Class A Common Stock issued upon conversion of such holder’s shares of Class B-1 Common Stock are to be issued. The Corporation shall, as soon as practicable thereafter, issue and deliver at such office to such holder, or to the nominee or nominees of such holder, a certificate or certificates representing the number of shares of Class A Common Stock to which such holder shall be entitled as aforesaid. Such conversion shall be deemed to have been made immediately upon the occurrence of any event described in ARTICLE FIFTH, Sections 7(a), 7(b) and 7(c), and the person or persons entitled to receive the shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon such conversion shall be treated for all purposes as the record holder or holders of such shares of Class A Common Stock as of such date.	
 
 	e)	Reservation of Shares upon Conversion . The Corporation shall at all times reserve and keep available out of its authorized but unissued shares of Class A Common Stock, the number of shares of Class A Common Stock as shall from time to time be sufficient to effect a conversion of all outstanding shares of Class B-1 Common Stock (as adjusted for any stock splits, stock	
 
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 	dividends, combinations, subdivisions, recapitalizations or the like). The Corporation covenants that all shares of Class A Common Stock issued upon any such conversion will, upon issuance, be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.	
 
 	f)	Status of Converted Stock . In the event any shares of Class B-1 Common Stock shall be converted into shares of Class A Common Stock pursuant to this ARTICLE FIFTH, Section 7, the shares of Class B-1 Common Stock so converted shall be retired and shall not be reissued by the Corporation.	
 
 	g)	Maximum Percentage for Voluntary Conversion . The Corporation shall not effect a voluntary conversion of a holder’s shares of Class B-1 Common Stock into shares of Class A Common Stock pursuant to ARTICLE FIFTH, Section 7(a), and such holder shall not have the right to voluntarily convert their shares of Class B-1 Common Stock into shares of Class A Common Stock pursuant to such section, to the extent that after giving effect to such conversion, such person (together with such person’s Affiliates), would beneficially own in excess of 9.9% of the shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such conversion. For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the aggregate number of shares of Class A Common Stock beneficially owned by such person and its Affiliates shall include the number of shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Class B-1 Common Stock with respect to which the determination of such sentence is being made, but shall exclude shares of Class A Common Stock that would be issuable upon (x) exercise of the remaining, unconverted shares of Class B-1 Common Stock beneficially owned by such person and its Affiliates and (y) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or unconverted portion of any other securities of the Corporation beneficially owned by such person and its Affiliates (including, without limitation, any convertible notes or convertible preferred stock or warrants) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this ARTICLE FIFTH, Section 6(g), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”).	
SIXTH: ADDITIONAL SERIES OF PREFERRED STOCK
Section 1. Designation of Additional Series of Preferred Stock . Shares of Preferred Stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series. The Board is hereby expressly authorized, by resolution or resolutions thereof, to provide for, designate and issue, out of the 2,000,000 authorized but undesignated and unissued shares of Preferred Stock, one or more series of Preferred Stock, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein. Before any shares of any such series are issued, the Board shall fix, and hereby is expressly empowered to fix, by resolution or resolutions and by filing a certificate of designation pursuant to the DGCL with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware setting forth such resolution or resolutions, the designations and the powers, preferences, privileges and rights and qualifications, limitation and restrictions of such series, including but not limited to, the following:
 
 	a)	the designation of such series, the number of shares to constitute such series and the stated value thereof, if any, if different from the par value thereof;	
 
 	b)	whether the shares of such series shall have voting rights or powers, in addition to any voting rights required by law, and, if so, the terms of such voting rights or powers, which may be full or limited;	
 
 	c)	the dividends, if any, payable on such series, whether any such dividends shall be cumulative, and, if so, from what dates, the conditions and dates upon which such dividends shall be payable, and the preference or relation which such dividends shall bear to the dividends payable on any shares of stock or any other class or any other series of this class;	
 
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 	d)	whether the shares of such series shall be subject to redemption by the Corporation and, if so, the times, prices and other conditions of such redemption;	
 
 	e)	the amount or amounts payable upon shares of such series upon, and the rights of the holders of such series in, the voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or upon any distribution of the assets, of the Corporation;	
 
 	f)	whether the shares of such series shall be subject to the operation of a retirement or sinking fund and, if so, the extent to and manner in which any such retirement or sinking fund shall be applied to the purchase or redemption of the shares of such series for retirement or other corporate purposes and the terms and provisions relative to the operation thereof;	
 
 	g)	whether the shares of such series shall be convertible into, or exchangeable for, shares of capital stock of any other class or any other series of this class or any other securities and, if so, the price or prices or the rate or rates of conversion or exchange and the method, if any, of adjusting the same, and any other terms and condition or exchange;	
 
 	h)	the limitations and restrictions, if any, to be effective while any shares of such series are outstanding upon the payment of dividends or the making of other distributions on, and upon the purchase, redemption or other acquisition by the Corporation of, the Common Stock or shares of capital stock of any other class or any other series of this class;	
 
 	i)	the conditions or restrictions, if any, to be effective while any shares of such series are outstanding upon the creation of indebtedness of the Corporation upon the issue of any additional stock, including additional shares of such series or of any other series of this class or of any other class; and	
 
 	j)	any other powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof.	
The powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each series of Preferred Stock, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, if any, may differ from those of any and all other series at any time outstanding.
The Board is hereby expressly authorized from time to time to increase (but not above the total number of authorized shares of Preferred Stock) or decrease (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) the number of shares of capital stock of any series of Preferred Stock designated as any one or more Series of Preferred Stock pursuant to this ARTICLE SIXTH.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as otherwise required by law, holders of Common Stock, as such, shall not be entitled to vote on any amendment to this Restated Certificate of Incorporation (including any certificate of designations relating to any series of Preferred Stock) that relates solely to the terms of one or more outstanding series of Preferred Stock if the holders of such affected series are entitled, either separately or together with the holders of one or more other such series, to vote thereon pursuant to this Restated Certificate of Incorporation (including any Certificate of Designations relating to any series of Preferred Stock) or pursuant to the DGCL.
SEVENTH: ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
Section 1 . Class B-1 Director . Until the earlier of (i) such time as TPG, together with its Affiliates, beneficially owns (as interpreted under Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act) less than 4% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or (ii) such time as no shares of Class B-1 Common Stock remain outstanding, the holders of Class B-1 Common Stock, acting as a separate class, shall be entitled to vote (or provide written consent) to elect one director to the Board (such director and any successor thereof elected or appointed by the holders of
 
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Class B-1 Common Stock, the “ Class B-1 Director ”); provided, that such Class B-1 Director must meet the general qualifications of a member of the Board and be approved by the Nominating Committee of the Board. Thereafter, subject to the final sentence of this ARTICLE SEVENTH, Section 1, the holders of Class B-1 Common Stock, acting as a separate class, shall be entitled to remove or replace the Class B-1 Director provided, that any successor Class B-1 Director must meet the general qualifications of a member of the Board as determined by the Nominating Committee of the Board. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if for any period greater than 20 consecutive days TPG, together with its Affiliates, beneficially owns less than 4% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, (A) TPG shall promptly cause the then-serving Class B-1 Director, if any, to offer his or her resignation to the Corporation and (B) all rights of the holders of Class B-1 Common Stock under this ARTICLE SEVENTH, Section 1 shall expire.
Section 2 . Other Directors . Subject to (a) the rights of the holders of Class B-1 Common Stock to elect, remove or replace the Class B-1 Director and (b) any rights of holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect directors pursuant to this Restated Certificate of Incorporation or any Certificate of Designations, the holders of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, voting together as a single class, shall be entitled to vote to elect, remove or replace all other directors to the Board.
Section 3 . Written Ballots . The election of directors need not be by written ballot unless the Bylaws so provide.
EIGHTH: AMENDMENT OF CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
The Corporation reserves the right to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision contained in this Restated Certificate of Incorporation in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by law, and all rights and powers conferred herein on stockholders, directors and officers are subject to this reserved power. Subject to applicable law and to the Stockholders Agreement, and subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon shall be required to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation, or to adopt any new provision of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
NINTH: AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS
Subject to the Stockholders Agreement, the Board is authorized and empowered from time to time in its discretion to make, alter, amend or repeal the Bylaws of the Corporation by the affirmative vote of not less than a majority of the Board, except as such power may be restricted or limited by the DGCL.
TENTH: FORUM
Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if such court does not have jurisdiction, the Superior Court of the State of Delaware, or, if such other court does not have jurisdiction, the United States District Court for the District of Delaware) shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (b) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or stockholder of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation’s stockholders, (c) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, this Restated Certificate of Incorporation (as may be amended, altered, changed or repealed) or the Bylaws or (d) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine. To the fullest extent permitted by law, any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this ARTICLE TENTH.
 
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ELEVENTH: CORPORATE OPPORTUNITIES
Section 1. General . In recognition and anticipation (a) that the Corporation will not be a wholly owned subsidiary of Amneal and that Amneal will be a significant stockholder of the Corporation, (b) that directors, officers and/or employees of Amneal may serve as directors and/or officers of the Corporation, (c) that, subject to any contractual arrangements that may otherwise from time to time be agreed to between Amneal and the Corporation (including the Stockholders Agreement), Amneal engages or may engage in the same, similar or related lines of business as those in which the Corporation, directly or indirectly, may engage and/or other business activities that overlap with or compete with those in which the Corporation, directly or indirectly, may engage, (d) that Amneal may have an interest in the same areas of corporate opportunity as the Corporation and Affiliated Companies thereof, and (e) that, as a consequence of the foregoing, it is in the best interests of the Corporation that the respective rights and duties of the Corporation and of Amneal, and the duties of any directors and/or officers of the Corporation who are also directors, officers and/or employees of Amneal, be determined and delineated in respect of any transactions between, or opportunities that may be suitable for both, the Corporation and Affiliated Companies thereof, on the one hand, and Amneal, on the other hand. The sections of this ARTICLE ELEVENTH shall to the fullest extent permitted by law regulate and define the conduct of certain of the business and affairs of the Corporation in relation to Amneal and the conduct of certain affairs of the Corporation as they may involve Amneal and its directors, officers and/or employees, and the power, rights, duties and liabilities of the Corporation and its officers, directors and stockholders in connection therewith. To the fullest extent permitted by law, any person purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any shares of capital stock of the Corporation, or any interest therein, shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the provisions of this ARTICLE ELEVENTH.
Section 2. Certain Agreements and Transactions Permitted . The Corporation has entered into the Stockholders Agreement with Amneal, and, subject to the Stockholders Agreement, may from time to time enter into and perform, and cause or permit any Affiliated Company of the Corporation to enter into and perform, one or more agreements (or modifications or supplements to pre-existing agreements) with Amneal pursuant to which the Corporation or an Affiliated Company thereof, on the one hand, and Amneal, on the other hand, agree to engage in transactions of any kind or nature with each other and/or agree to compete, or to refrain from competing or to limit or restrict their competition, with each other, including to allocate and to cause their respective directors, officers and/or employees (including any who are directors, officers and/or employees of both) to allocate opportunities between or to refer opportunities to each other.
Section 3. Corporate Opportunities . Except as otherwise agreed in writing between the Corporation and Amneal, including in the Stockholders Agreement, Amneal shall to the fullest extent permitted by law have no duty to refrain from (a) engaging in the same or similar activities or lines of business as the Corporation or (b) doing business with any client, customer or vendor of the Corporation. Except as otherwise agreed in writing between the Corporation and Amneal, the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by law renounces any interest or expectancy of the Corporation or any of its Affiliated Companies in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, any corporate opportunity presented to Amneal or any Dual Role Person pursuant to Section 122(17) of the DGCL and waives any claim that such business opportunity constituted a corporate opportunity that should have been presented to the Corporation or any Affiliated Company thereof, if, in the case of a corporate opportunity presented to Amneal, Amneal acts in a manner consistent with the following policy: if Amneal is presented with or acquires knowledge of a corporate opportunity, such corporate opportunity shall belong to Amneal unless such opportunity was expressly offered to Amneal in its capacity as a stockholder of the Corporation. In the case of any corporate opportunity in which the Corporation has renounced its interest and expectancy in the previous sentence, Amneal shall to the fullest extent permitted by law not be liable to the Corporation by reason of the fact that Amneal acquires or seeks such corporate opportunity for itself, directs such corporate opportunity to another person, or otherwise does not communicate information regarding such corporate opportunity to the Corporation.
Section 4. Dual Role Persons . To the fullest extent permitted by law, no Dual Role Person who is presented with or acquires knowledge of a corporate opportunity in any capacity (i) shall have any duty to communicate or
 
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offer to the Corporation or any of its Affiliated Companies any corporate opportunity, (ii) shall be prohibited from communicating or offering any corporate opportunity to Amneal or any other person or participating in such corporate opportunity and (iii) to the fullest extent permitted by law, shall have any liability to the Corporation or its stockholders for breach of any fiduciary duty as a stockholder, director or officer of the Corporation, as the case may be, related to such corporate opportunity.
Section 5. Certain Definitions . For purposes of this ARTICLE ELEVENTH, (a) “ Affiliated Company ” in respect of the Corporation shall mean any entity controlled by the Corporation, (b) “ corporate opportunities ” shall include, but not be limited to, business opportunities that the Corporation is financially able to undertake, which are, from their nature, in the line of the Corporation’s business, are of practical advantage to it and are opportunities in which the Corporation, but for Section 3 of this ARTICLE ELEVENTH would have an interest or a reasonable expectancy, and in which, by embracing the opportunities, the self-interest of Amneal or its directors, officers and/or employees will be brought into conflict with that of the Corporation, (c) “ Amneal ” shall mean Amneal Holdings LLC and its Affiliates (other than the Corporation and any entity that is controlled by the Corporation), and (d) “ Dual Role Person ” shall mean any individual who is a director, officer or employee of the Corporation and is also a director, officer or employee of Amneal.
TWELFTH: STOCKHOLDERS AGREEMENT
For so long as that certain Stockholders Agreement, dated as of October 17, 2017, by and among the Corporation and each of the Amneal Group Members (as defined therein), as amended from time to time, a copy of which will be provided to any stockholder of the Corporation upon written request therefor (the “ Stockholders Agreement ”), is in effect, the provisions of the Stockholders Agreement shall be incorporated by reference into the relevant provisions hereof, and such provisions shall be interpreted and applied in a manner consistent with the terms of the Stockholders Agreement.
THIRTEENTH: INDEMNIFICATION, ADVANCEMENT OF EXPENSES AND EXCULPATION
Section 1. Right to Indemnification . The Corporation shall indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended, any person who was or is made or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a “ proceeding ”) by reason of the fact that he, or a person for whom he is the legal representative, is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or nonprofit entity, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) reasonably incurred by such person; provided, however, that the Corporation shall not be required to indemnify any director or officer in connection with any proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person or any proceeding by such person against the Corporation or its directors, officers, employees or other agents unless (i) such indemnification is expressly required to be made by applicable law, (ii) the proceeding was authorized by the Board, (iii) such indemnification is provided by the Corporation, in its sole discretion, or (iv) such indemnification is required to be made under Section 3 of this ARTICLE THIRTEENTH, pursuant to the powers vested in the Corporation under the DGCL or any other applicable law.
Section 2. Advancement of Expenses .
 
 	a)	The Corporation shall advance to any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that he is or was a director or officer, of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director or officer of	
 
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 	another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, prior to the final disposition of the proceeding, promptly following request therefor, all expenses incurred by any director or officer in defending any such proceeding, provided, however, that if the DGCL requires, an advancement of expenses incurred by a director or officer in his or her capacity as a director or officer (and not in any other capacity in which service was or is rendered by such indemnitee, including, without limitation, service to an employee benefit plan) shall be made only upon delivery to the Corporation of an undertaking (hereinafter, an “undertaking”), by or on behalf of such indemnitee, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined by final judicial decision from which there is no further right to appeal (hereinafter a “final adjudication”) that such indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified for such expenses under this Section 2 of this ARTICLE THIRTEENTH or otherwise.	
 
 	b)	Notwithstanding the foregoing, unless otherwise determined pursuant to Section 2 of this ARTICLE THIRTEENTH, no advance shall be made by the Corporation to an executive officer of the Corporation (except by reason of the fact that such executive officer is or was a director of the Corporation in which event this paragraph shall not apply) in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, if a determination is reasonably and promptly made (i) by a majority vote of directors who were not parties to the proceeding, even if not a quorum, or (ii) by a committee of such directors designated by a majority vote of such directors, even though less than a quorum, or (iii) if there are no such directors, or such directors so direct, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, that the facts known to the decision-making party at the time such determination is made demonstrate clearly and convincingly that such person acted in bad faith or in a manner that such person did not believe to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation.	
Section 3. Enforcement . Without the necessity of entering into an express contract, all rights to indemnification and advances to directors and officers under this ARTICLE THIRTEENTH shall be deemed to be contractual rights and be effective to the same extent and as if provided for in a contract between the Corporation and the director or officer. Any right to indemnification or advances granted by this ARTICLE THIRTEENTH to a director or officer shall be enforceable by or on behalf of the person holding such right in any court of competent jurisdiction if (i) the claim for indemnification or advances is denied, in whole or in part, or (ii) no disposition of such claim is made within sixty (60) days of request therefor. The claimant in such enforcement action, if successful in whole or in part, shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting the claim. In connection with any claim for indemnification, the Corporation shall be entitled to raise as a defense to any such action that the claimant has not met the standards of conduct that make it permissible under the DGCL or any other applicable law for the Corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount claimed. In connection with any claim by an executive officer of the Corporation (except in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that such executive officer is or was a director of the Corporation) for advances, the Corporation shall be entitled to raise a defense as to any such action clear and convincing evidence that such person acted in bad faith or in a manner that such person did not believe to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, or with respect to any criminal action or proceeding that such person acted without reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was lawful. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including the Board, independent legal counsel or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the DGCL or any other applicable law, nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including the Board, independent legal counsel or its stockholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct. In any suit brought by a director or officer to enforce a right to indemnification or to an advancement of expenses hereunder, the burden of proving that the director or officer is not entitled to be indemnified, or to such advancement of expenses, under this ARTICLE THIRTEENTH or otherwise shall be on the Corporation.
 
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Section 4. Good Faith .
 
 	a)	For purposes of any determination under this ARTICLE THIRTEENTH, a director or executive officer shall be deemed to have acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, to have had no reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful, if his action is based on information, opinions, reports and statements, including financial statements and other financial data, in each case prepared or presented by:	
 
 	i.	one or more officers or employees of the Corporation whom the director or executive officer believed to be reliable and competent in the matters presented;	
 
 	ii.	counsel, independent accountants or other persons as to matters which the director or executive officer believed to be within such person’s professional competence; and	
 
 	iii.	with respect to a Director, a committee of the Board upon which such director does not serve, as to matters within such Committee’s designated authority, which committee the director believes to merit confidence; so long as, in each case, the director or executive officer acts without knowledge that would cause such reliance to be unwarranted.	
 
 	b)	The termination of any proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, that he had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.	
 
 	c)	The provisions of this ARTICLE THIRTEENTH shall not be deemed to be exclusive or to limit in any way the circumstances in which a person may be deemed to have met the applicable standard of conduct set forth by the DGCL.	
Section 5. Non-Exclusivity of Rights . The rights conferred on any person by this ARTICLE THIRTEENTH shall not be exclusive of any other rights which such person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the Bylaws, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding office. The Corporation is specifically authorized to enter into individual contracts with any or all of its directors, officers, employees or agents respecting indemnification and advances, to the fullest extent not prohibited by the DGCL, or by any other applicable law.
Section 6. Other Indemnification . The Corporation’s obligation, if any, to indemnify any person who was or is serving at its request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or nonprofit entity shall be reduced by any amount such person may collect as indemnification from such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or nonprofit enterprise.
Section 7. Insurance . The Board may authorize the Corporation to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, member, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify him against such liability under the provisions of this ARTICLE THIRTEENTH or of the DGCL; and the Corporation may create a trust fund, grant a security interest and/or use other means (including, without limitation, letters of credit, surety bonds and/or other similar arrangements) to the full extent authorized or permitted by the DGCL and other applicable law to ensure the payment of such amounts as may become necessary to effect the indemnification as provided in this ARTICLE THIRTEENTH or elsewhere.
 
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Section 8. Definitions . For the purposes of this ARTICLE THIRTEENTH, the following definition shall apply:
 
 	a)	The term “Corporation” shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers and employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, member, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this ARTICLE THIRTEENTH with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued;	
 
 	b)	The term “other enterprises” shall include employee benefit plans;	
 
 	c)	The term “fines” shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to any employee benefit plan;	
 
 	d)	References to “serving at the request of the Corporation” shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director, officer, employee, or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and	
 
 	e)	A person who acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner “not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation” as referred to in this ARTICLE THIRTEENTH.	
Section 9. Liability of Directors . No director of the Corporation shall be personally liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director; provided, however, that this, limitation of liability shall not eliminate or limit the liabilities of the directors for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the Corporation or its stockholders, for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, under Section 174 of the DGCL, or for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit; provided, further, that this limitation of liability shall not eliminate or limit the liability of a director for any act or omission occurring prior to the filing of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
Section 10. Survival of Rights . The rights conferred on any person by this ARTICLE THIRTEENTH shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, officer, employee or other agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.
Section 11. Savings Clause . If this ARTICLE THIRTEENTH or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the Corporation shall nevertheless indemnify each director and officer to the full extent not prohibited by any applicable portion of this ARTICLE THIRTEENTH that shall not have been invalidated, or by any other applicable law. If this ARTICLE THIRTEENTH shall be invalid due to the application of the indemnification provisions of another jurisdiction, then the Corporation shall indemnify each director and officer to the full extent under any other applicable law.
Section 12. Amendment or Repeal . Any repeal or modification of the provisions of this ARTICLE THIRTEENTH shall only be prospective and shall not adversely affect any right or protection hereunder of any person in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to the time of such repeal or modification.
 
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FOURTEENTH: CERTAIN DEFINITIONS
Section 1. Except as otherwise provided in this Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the following definitions shall apply to the following terms as used in this Restated Certificate of Incorporation:
 
 	a)	“ Affiliate ” shall mean (1) in respect of Amneal, any Person that, directly or indirectly, is controlled by Amneal, controls Amneal or is under common control with Amneal and shall include any principal, member, director, partner, stockholder, officer, employee or other representative of any of the foregoing (other than the Corporation and any entity that, directly or indirectly, is controlled by the Corporation); (2) in respect of the Corporation, any Person that, directly or indirectly, is controlled by the Corporation and (3) in respect of TPG, any Person that, directly or indirectly, is controlled by TPG or by any Person that controls TPG.	
 
 	b)	“ Amneal ” shall mean Amneal Holdings LLC.	
 
 	c)	“ Person ” shall mean an individual, a firm, a corporation, a partnership, a limited liability company, an association, a joint venture, a joint stock company, a trust, an unincorporated organization or similar company, or any other entity.	
 
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused this Restated Certificate of Incorporation to be executed by its undersigned officer this [    ] day of [            ], 20[    ].

ATLAS HOLDINGS, INC.	
		
By:	 	 	
	 	[        ]
[        ]	
 
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Exhibit 3.2
FORM OF BYLAWS
OF
AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
(a Delaware corporation)
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
SECTION 1. OFFICES. Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Corporation”) shall maintain its registered office in the State of Delaware at 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, Delaware, County of New Castle, 19808, and its resident agent at such address is the Corporation Service Company. The Corporation may also have and maintain offices in such other places within or outside of the State of Delaware or elsewhere as the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “ Board ”) may, from time to time, determine or as the business of the Corporation may require.
ARTICLE II
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
SECTION 2. ANNUAL MEETINGS. Annual meetings of stockholders for the election of directors and for such other business as may properly come before such meeting in accordance with all applicable requirements of these Bylaws and the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended from time to time (the “ DGCL ”), shall be held at such place, either within or without the State of Delaware, and at such time and date as shall from time to time be determined by the Board. Any previously scheduled annual meeting of the stockholders may be postponed by action of the Board taken prior to the time previously scheduled for such annual meeting of stockholders. The Board may, in its sole discretion, determine that the meeting shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of remote communication as provided under the DGCL.
SECTION 3. SPECIAL MEETINGS. Special meetings of stockholders, unless otherwise prescribed by the DGCL or the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation (as amended from time to time, the “ Certificate ”), may be called by a Co-Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or by resolution adopted by a majority of the total number of authorized directors (whether or not there exists any vacancies in previously authorized directorships at the time any such resolution is presented to the Board for adoption). Only such business as is specified in the Corporation’s notice of any such special meeting of stockholders shall come before, and be conducted at, such meeting. A special meeting shall be held at such place, on such date and at such time as shall be fixed by the Board. Any previously scheduled special meeting of the stockholders may be postponed by action of the Board taken prior to the time previously scheduled for such special meeting of stockholders.
SECTION 4. NOTICE OF MEETINGS. Whenever stockholders are required or permitted to take any action at a meeting, a written notice of the meeting shall, unless otherwise provided by law, the Certificate or these Bylaws, be given not less than ten (10) days nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of any such meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting, such notice to specify the place, if any, date and hour and, in the case of special meetings, the purpose or purposes of the meeting, and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at any such meeting. If mailed, notice is given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the
 
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stockholder at such stockholder’s address as it appears on the records of the corporation. Such notice may be waived in writing, signed by the person entitled to notice thereof or by electronic transmission by such person, either before or after such meeting, and will be waived by any stockholder by his attendance thereat in person, by remote communication, if applicable, or by proxy, except when the stockholder attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Any stockholder so waiving notice of such meeting shall be bound by the proceedings of any such meeting in all respects as if due notice thereof had been given.
SECTION 5. QUORUM. At all meetings of stockholders, except where otherwise provided by statute, by the Certificate, or by these Bylaws, the presence, in person, by remote communication, if applicable, or represented by proxy duly authorized, of the holders of a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote thereat shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Where a separate vote by a class, classes or series is required, except where otherwise provided by statute, the Certificate or these Bylaws, a majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of such class, classes or series, present in person, by remote communication, if applicable, or represented by proxy duly authorized, shall constitute a quorum entitled to take action with respect to that vote on that matter. In the absence of a quorum, any meeting of stockholders may be adjourned, from time to time, either by the chairman of the meeting or by vote of the holders of a majority of the shares represented thereat, but no other business shall be transacted at such meeting. The stockholders present at a duly called or convened meeting, at which a quorum is present, may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum.
SECTION 6. VOTING. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate, each stockholder shall be entitled to one vote for each share of capital stock held by such stockholder. The Board, in its discretion, or the chairperson of the meeting of stockholders, in his or her discretion, may require that any votes cast at a meeting of stockholders shall be cast by written ballot. In all matters other than the election of directors, the affirmative vote of the majority in voting power of shares of stock present in person, by remote communication, if applicable, or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be the act of the stockholders unless a different or minimum vote is required by the Certificate, these Bylaws or the rules and regulations of any stock exchange applicable to the Corporation or its securities, in which case such different or minimum vote shall be the applicable vote on the matter. Each director shall be elected by the affirmative vote of the majority of the votes cast with respect to such director’s election (meaning the number of shares voted “for” a nominee must exceed the number of shares voted “against” such nominee) at any meeting for the election of directors at which a quorum is present; provided that each director shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast (instead of by votes cast for or against a nominee) at any meeting at which a quorum in present for which the Board determines that the number of nominees exceeds the number of directors to be elected at such election and such determination has not been rescinded by the Board on or prior to the tenth day preceding the date the Corporation first mails its notice of meeting for such meeting to the stockholders (a “ Contested Election ”). In an election other than a Contested Election, stockholders will be given the choice to cast votes “for” or “against” the election of directors or to “abstain” from such vote (with abstentions and broker non-votes not counted as a vote cast “for” or “against” the election of such candidate), and stockholders shall not have the ability to cast any other vote with respect to such election of directors. In a Contested Election, stockholders will be given the choice to cast “for” or “withhold” votes for the election of directors (with abstentions and broker non-votes not counted as a vote cast) and shall not have the ability to cast any other vote with respect to such election of directors.
SECTION 7. INSPECTORS. The Board may, in advance of any meeting of stockholders, appoint one or more inspectors to act at such meeting or any adjournment thereof. If any of the inspectors so appointed shall fail to appear or act, the chairman of the meeting may, or if inspectors shall not have been appointed, the chairman of the meeting shall, appoint one or more inspectors. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector at such meeting with strict impartiality and according to the best of his ability. The inspectors shall (a) ascertain the number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation outstanding and the voting power of each, (b) ascertain the number of shares represented at the meeting, (c) ascertain the existence of a quorum, (d) ascertain the validity and effect of
 
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proxies, (e) count and tabulate all votes, ballots or consents, (f) determine and retain for a reasonable period a record of the disposition of all challenges made to any determination made by the inspectors, (g) certify the determination of the number of shares represented at the meeting and their count of all votes and ballots, and (h) do such other acts as are proper to conduct the election or vote in accordance with applicable law. On request of the chairman of the meeting, the inspectors shall make a report in writing of any challenge, request or matter determined by them and shall execute a certificate of any fact found by them. No director or candidate for the office of director shall act as an inspector of an election of directors. The inspectors may appoint or retain other persons or entities to assist the inspectors in the performance of the duties of the inspectors. In determining the validity and counting of all proxies and ballots, the inspectors shall act in accordance with applicable law.
SECTION 8. CONDUCT OF MEETINGS. A Co-Chairman of the Board shall preside at all stockholders’ meetings. In the absence of a Co-Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer shall preside or, in his or her absence, any officer designated by the Board shall preside. The Secretary, or, in the Secretary’s absence, an Assistant Secretary, or in the absence of both the Secretary and Assistant Secretaries, a person appointed by the chairman of the meeting shall serve as secretary of the meeting. In the event that the Secretary presides at a meeting of the stockholders, an Assistant Secretary shall record the minutes of the meeting. To the maximum extent permitted by law, the Board shall be entitled to make such rules or regulations for the conduct of meetings of stockholders as it shall deem necessary, appropriate or convenient. Subject to such rules and regulations of the Board, if any, the chairman of the meeting shall have the right and authority to convene and (for any or no reason) to recess and/or adjourn the meeting and to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and take such action as, in the discretion of such chairman, are deemed necessary, appropriate or convenient for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations and procedures, whether adopted by the Board or prescribed by the chairman of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (a) establishing an agenda for the meeting and the order for the consideration of the items of business on such agenda; (b) restricting admission to the time set for the commencement of the meeting; (c) limiting attendance at the meeting to stockholders of record of the Corporation entitled to vote at the meeting, their duly authorized proxies or other such persons as the chairman of the meeting may determine; (d) limiting participation at the meeting on any matter to stockholders of record of the Corporation entitled to vote on such matter, their duly authorized proxies or other such persons as the chairman of the meeting may determine to recognize and, as a condition to recognizing any such participant, requiring such participant to provide the chairman of the meeting with evidence of his or her name and affiliation, whether he or she is a stockholder or a proxy for a stockholder, and the class and series and number of shares of each class and series of capital stock of the Corporation which are owned beneficially and/or of record by such stockholder; (e) limiting the time allotted to questions or comments by participants; (f) determining when the polls should be opened and closed for voting; (g) taking such actions as are necessary or appropriate to maintain order, decorum, safety and security at the meeting; (h) removing any stockholder who refuses to comply with meeting procedures, rules or guidelines as established by the chairman of the meeting; and (i) complying with any state and local laws and regulations concerning safety and security. Unless otherwise determined by the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.
SECTION 9. LISTS OF STOCKHOLDERS. The Corporation shall prepare, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, showing the address of each stockholder and the number and class of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Nothing contained in this Section 9 shall require the Corporation to include electronic mail addresses or other electronic contact information on such list. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting: (a) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or (b) during ordinary business hours, at the principal place of business of the Corporation. In the event that the Corporation determines to make the list available on an electronic network, the Corporation may take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available only to stockholders of the Corporation. If the meeting is to be held at a physical location, then the list shall be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any
 
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stockholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote communications, then the list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information required to access such list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting. The stock ledger shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the stock ledger, the list required by this Section 9 or the books of the Corporation, or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders.
SECTION 10. ACTION WITHOUT A MEETING. Unless otherwise provided by the Certificate, any action required by applicable law to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders, or any action which may be taken at such meetings, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote were present and voted. Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in writing.
SECTION 11. ADJOURNMENT. At any meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, whether annual or special, the chairman of the meeting or the holders of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the stockholders who are present in person, by remote communication, if applicable, or represented by proxy may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting of the date, time and place of the adjourned meeting, whether or not a quorum is present. At any such adjourned meeting at which a quorum may be present, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.
SECTION 12. NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDER PROPOSALS.
(a) At any annual meeting of the stockholders, only such business (other than nominations of persons for election to the Board which shall be made in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 17 of these Bylaws) shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before such meeting. To be properly brought before an annual meeting, business must be (i) specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board, (ii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board, or (iii) otherwise properly and timely brought before the meeting by any stockholder of the Corporation in compliance with the notice procedures and other provisions of this Section 12.
(b) For business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, such business must be a proper subject for stockholder action under the DGCL and other applicable law, as determined by a Co-Chairman of the Board or such other person as is presiding over the meeting, and such stockholder (i) must be a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 12 and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such annual meeting, (ii) must be entitled to vote at such annual meeting, and (iii) must comply with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 12. In addition to any other applicable requirements, for business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, such stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary.
(c) To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary of the Corporation (the “ Secretary ”) at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120th) calendar day, and not later than the close of business on the ninetieth (90th) calendar day, prior to the first anniversary of the immediately preceding year’s annual meeting of stockholders; provided , however , that in the event that no annual meeting was held in the previous year or the annual meeting is called for a date that is more than thirty (30) calendar days earlier or more than sixty (60) calendar days later than such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so
 
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delivered or received not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120 th ) calendar day prior to the date of such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the ninetieth (90 th ) calendar day prior to the date of such annual meeting or, if the first public disclosure of the date of such annual meeting is less than one hundred (100) calendar days prior to the date of such annual meeting, the tenth (10 th ) calendar day following the day on which public disclosure of the date of such annual meeting is first made by the Corporation. In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting or the public disclosure thereof commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.
(d) To be in proper written form, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary shall set forth in writing, as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, the following: (i) a description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, including the text of the proposal or business and the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration; (ii) the name and record address, as they appear on the Corporation’s stock ledger, of such stockholder and the name and address of any Stockholder Associated Person; (iii) (A) the class and series and number of shares of each class and series of capital stock of the Corporation which are, directly or indirectly, owned beneficially and/or of record by such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person, documentary evidence of such record or beneficial ownership, and the date or dates such shares were acquired and the investment intent at the time such shares were acquired, (B) any Derivative Instrument directly or indirectly owned beneficially by such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person and any other direct or indirect right held by such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person to profit from, or share in any profit derived from, any increase or decrease in the value of shares of the Corporation, (C) any proxy, contract, arrangement, understanding, or relationship pursuant to which such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person has a right to vote any securities of the Corporation, (D) any Short Interest indirectly or directly held by such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person in any security issued by the Corporation, (E) any rights to dividends on the shares of the Corporation owned beneficially by such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person that are separated or separable from the underlying securities of the Corporation, (F) any proportionate interest in securities of the Corporation or Derivative Instruments held, directly or indirectly, by a general or limited partnership in which such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person is a general partner or, directly or indirectly, beneficially owns an interest in a general partner, and (G) any performance-related fees (other than an asset-based fee) that such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person is entitled to based on any increase or decrease in the value of securities of the Corporation or Derivative Instruments, if any, as of the date of such notice, including without limitation any such interests held by members of such stockholder’s or any Stockholder Associated Person’s immediate family sharing the same household (which information, in each case, shall be supplemented by such stockholder and any Stockholder Associated Person not later than ten (10) calendar days after the record date for the meeting to disclose such ownership as of the record date); (iv) a description of all arrangements or understandings between such stockholder and/or any Stockholder Associated Person and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) in connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder; (v) any material interest of such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person in such business, individually or in the aggregate, including any anticipated benefit to such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person therefrom; (vi) a representation from such stockholder as to whether the stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person intends or is part of a group which intends (1) to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation’s outstanding capital stock required to approve or adopt the proposal and/or (2) otherwise to solicit proxies from stockholders in support of such proposal; (vii) a representation that such stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting, that such stockholder intends to vote such stock at such meeting, and that such stockholder intends to appear at the meeting in person or by proxy to bring such business before such meeting; (viii) whether and the extent to which any agreement, arrangement or understanding has been made, the effect or intent of which is to increase or decrease the voting power of such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person with respect to any securities of the Corporation, without regard to whether such transaction is required to be reported on a Schedule 13D or other form in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act or any successor provisions thereto and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; (ix) in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend these Bylaws, the complete text of the proposed
 
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amendment; and (x) such other information regarding each matter of business to be proposed by such stockholder, regarding the stockholder in his or her capacity as a proponent of a stockholder proposal, or regarding any Stockholder Associated Person, that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ SEC ”) in connection with the solicitations of proxies for such business pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act (or pursuant to any law or statute replacing such section) and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. “ Stockholder Associated Person ” of a stockholder shall include (x) any person controlling, directly or indirectly, or acting in concert with, such stockholder, (y) any beneficial owner of shares of stock of the Corporation owned of record or beneficially by such stockholder and (z) any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with such Stockholder Associated Person.
(e) If the information submitted pursuant to this Section 12 by any stockholder proposing business for consideration at an annual meeting shall be inaccurate to any material extent, such information may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with this Section 12. Upon written request by the Secretary, the Board or any committee thereof, any stockholder proposing business for consideration at an annual meeting shall provide, within seven (7) business days of delivery of such request (or such longer period as may be specified in such request), written verification, satisfactory in the discretion of the Board, any committee thereof or any authorized officer of the Corporation, to demonstrate the accuracy of any information submitted by the stockholder pursuant to this Section 12. If a stockholder fails to provide such written verification within such period, the information as to which written verification was requested may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with this Section 12.
(f) For purposes of these Bylaws, “ public disclosure ” shall be deemed to include a disclosure made in a (i) press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Reuters Information Service, Associated Press or any comparable or successor national news wire service, or (ii) in a document filed by the Corporation with the SEC pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act or any successor provisions thereto.
(g) No business (other than nominations of persons for election to the Board which shall be made in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 17 of these Bylaws) shall be conducted at the annual meeting of stockholders except business brought before the annual meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 12.
(h) Except as otherwise required by the DGCL and other applicable law, the Certificate or these Bylaws, a Co-Chairman of the Board or other person presiding at an annual meeting shall have the power and duty (i) to determine whether any business proposed to be brought before the annual meeting was properly brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 12, including whether the stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person on whose behalf the proposal is made, solicited (or is part of a group which solicited) or did not so solicit, as the case may be, proxies in support of such stockholder’s proposal in compliance with such stockholder’s representation as required by this Section 12, and (ii) if any proposed business was not brought in compliance with this Section 12, to declare that such proposal is defective and shall be disregarded.
(i) In addition to the provisions of this Section 12, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the DGCL, other applicable law and the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations thereunder, with respect to the matters set forth herein, provided , however , that any references in these Bylaws to the Exchange Act or the rules promulgated thereunder are not intended to and shall not limit the requirements applicable to stockholder proposals to be considered pursuant to Section 12(a)(iii) of these Bylaws.
(j) Nothing in this Section 12 shall be deemed to affect any rights (i) of stockholders to request the inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act, or (ii) of the holders of any series of preferred stock to elect directors pursuant to any applicable provision of the Certificate.
 
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(k) Notwithstanding anything in this Section 12 to the contrary, a stockholder intending to nominate one or more persons for election as a director at any meeting of stockholders must comply with Section 17 of these Bylaws for any such nomination to be properly brought before such meeting.
(l) Notwithstanding anything in this Section 12 to the contrary, the requirements of this Section 12 shall not apply to the exercise by Amneal of its rights to designate persons for nomination for election to the Board pursuant to the Stockholders Agreement, dated as of October 17, 2017 (as amended from time to time, the “ Stockholders Agreement ”), among the Corporation and each of the Amneal Group Members (as defined therein). For purposes of these Bylaws, the term “Amneal” is used as defined in Article Fourteenth of the Certificate.
(m) Notwithstanding anything in this Section 12 to the contrary, the requirements of this Section 12 shall not apply to the exercise by the holders of Class B-1 Common Stock of the Corporation of their rights to designate a person for nomination for election to the Board pursuant to the Certificate.
(n) Notwithstanding anything in these Bylaws to the contrary, if a stockholder who has submitted a written notice of intention to propose business at a meeting of stockholders (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present the business, such business shall be disregarded notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation. For purposes of this Section 12, to be considered a qualified representative of the stockholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such stockholder or must be authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of stockholders.
ARTICLE III
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
SECTION 13. POWERS. The property, business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by, or under the direction of, the Board. The Board may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute, regulation, the Certificate or these Bylaws directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.
SECTION 14. NUMBER. The authorized number of directors shall be no less than one nor more than thirteen. Within the foregoing limits and subject to the provisions of the Stockholders Agreement, the number of directors shall be fixed from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board.
SECTION 15. TERM. The Board shall be elected by the stockholders at their annual meeting, and each director shall be elected to serve for the term of one year and until his successor shall be elected and qualify or until his earlier death, resignation or removal. No decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.
SECTION 16. QUALIFICATIONS.
(a) Each director shall be at least 21 years of age. Directors need not be stockholders of the Corporation.
(b) Each director and nominee for election as a director of the Corporation must deliver to the Secretary at the principal office of the Corporation a written questionnaire with respect to the background and qualifications of such person (which questionnaire shall be provided by the Secretary upon written request and approved from time to time by the Board or its Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee) and a written representation and agreement (in the form provided by the Secretary upon written request) (the “ Prospective Director Agreement ”). The Prospective Director Agreement (i) shall provide that such person (A) is not and will not become a party to (1) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or
 
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assurance to, any person or entity as to how such person, if such person is at the time a director or is subsequently elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a “ Voting Commitment ”) that has not been disclosed to the Corporation, or (2) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such person’s ability to comply, if such person is at the time a director or is subsequently elected as a director of the Corporation, with such person’s duties as a director under applicable law, (B) is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director that has not been disclosed therein, and (C) would be in compliance, if elected as a director of the Corporation, and will, if such person is at the time a director or is subsequently elected as a director of the Corporation, comply with, all applicable corporate governance, conflicts of interest, confidentiality, corporate opportunities, securities ownership and stock trading policies, and other policies and guidelines of the Corporation (copies of which shall be provided by the Secretary upon written request), and (ii) shall include, if such person is at the time a director or is subsequently elected as a director of the Corporation, such person’s irrevocable resignation as a director if such person is found by a court of competent jurisdiction to have breached the Prospective Director Agreement in any material respect.
SECTION 17. NOTICE OF NOMINATIONS FOR DIRECTORS.
(a) Annual Meetings of Stockholders .
(1) Nominations of persons for election to the Board at an annual meeting of stockholders may be made (A) by or at the direction of the Board or a committee appointed by the Board, or (B) by any stockholder of the Corporation (i) who is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 17(a), on the record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to vote at such annual meeting of stockholders and at the time of such annual meeting of stockholders, (ii) who is entitled to vote at the annual meeting of stockholders, and (iii) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 17(a) as to such nominations, including, but not limited to, the procedures regarding such notice’s timeliness and required form.
(2) For a stockholder’s notice of nomination of persons for election to the Board at an annual meeting of stockholders to be brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to Section 17(a)(1)(B) of these Bylaws, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof, in proper written form, to the Secretary. To be considered timely, a stockholder’s notice of nomination must be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120th) calendar day, and not later than the close of business on the ninetieth (90th) calendar day, prior to the first anniversary of the immediately preceding year’s annual meeting; provided , however , that in the event that no annual meeting was held in the previous year or the annual meeting is called for a date that is more than thirty (30) calendar days earlier or more than sixty (60) calendar days later than such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so delivered or received not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120 th ) calendar day prior to the date of such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the ninetieth (90 th ) calendar day prior to the date of such annual meeting or, if the first public disclosure of the date of such annual meeting is less than one hundred (100) calendar days prior to the date of such annual meeting, the tenth (10th) calendar day following the day on which public disclosure of the date of such annual meeting is first made by the Corporation. In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting or the public disclosure thereof commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.
To be in proper written form, a stockholder’s notice of nomination to the Secretary (whether given pursuant to this Section 17(a) or Section 17(b) of these Bylaws) shall set forth in writing the following: (a) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director (i) the name, age, business address and residence address of such person; (ii) the principal occupation and employment of such person; (iii) the class and series and number of shares of each class and series of capital stock of the Corporation
 
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which are owned beneficially or of record by such person (which information shall be supplemented not later than ten (10) calendar days after the record date for the meeting to disclose such ownership as of the record date); (iv) such person’s executed written consent to being named in the Corporation’s proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected; (v) all information relating to such person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made with the SEC in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act (or pursuant to any law or statute replacing such section), and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; (vi) a description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material monetary agreements, arrangements and understandings during the past three years, and any other material relationships, between or among such person being nominated, on the one hand, and the stockholder and any Stockholder Associated Person, on the other hand, including, without limitation all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 promulgated under Regulation S-K of the Exchange Act if the stockholder making the nomination and any Stockholder Associated Person were the “registrant” for purposes of such rule and the person being nominated were a director or executive officer of such registrant; and (vii) the information, questionnaire and agreement required under Section 16 of these Bylaws; and (b) as to the stockholder giving the notice (i) the name and record address of such stockholder, as they appear on the Corporation’s stock ledger, and the name and address of any Stockholder Associated Person; (ii) (A) the class and series and number of shares of each class and series of capital stock of the Corporation which are, directly or indirectly, owned beneficially and/or of record by such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person, documentary evidence of such record or beneficial ownership, and the date or dates such shares were acquired and the investment intent at the time such shares were acquired, (B) any Derivative Instrument directly or indirectly owned beneficially by such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person and any other direct or indirect right held by such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person to profit from, or share in any profit derived from, any increase or decrease in the value of shares of the Corporation, (C) any proxy, contract, arrangement, understanding, or relationship pursuant to which such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person has a right to vote any shares of any security of the Corporation, (D) any Short Interest indirectly or directly held by such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person in any security issued by the Corporation, (E) any rights to dividends on the shares of the Corporation owned beneficially by such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person that are separated or separable from the underlying shares of the Corporation, (F) any proportionate interest in shares of the Corporation or Derivative Instruments held, directly or indirectly, by a general or limited partnership in which such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person is a general partner or, directly or indirectly, beneficially owns an interest in a general partner, and (G) any performance-related fees (other than an asset-based fee) that such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person is entitled to based on any increase or decrease in the value of shares of the Corporation or Derivative Instruments, if any, as of the date of such notice, including without limitation any such interests held by members of such stockholder’s or any Stockholder Associated Person’s immediate family sharing the same household (which information shall, in each case, be supplemented by such stockholder and any Stockholder Associated Person not later than ten (10) calendar days after the record date for the meeting to disclose such ownership as of the record date); (iii) a description of all arrangements or understandings between such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person and each proposed nominee and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the nomination(s) are to be made by such stockholder; (iv) any material interest of such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person in the election of such proposed nominee, individually or in the aggregate, including any anticipated benefit to the stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person therefrom; (v) a representation that such stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the person or persons named in its notice; (vi) a representation from the stockholder as to whether the stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person intends or is part of a group which intends (A) to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation’s outstanding capital stock required to elect the person proposed as a nominee and/or (B) otherwise to solicit proxies from stockholders in support of the election of such person; (vii) whether and the extent to which any agreement, arrangement or understanding has been made, the effect or intent of which is to increase or decrease the voting power of such stockholder or such Stockholder Associated Person with respect to any shares of the capital stock of the Corporation, without regard
 
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to whether such transaction is required to be reported on a Schedule 13D or other form in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act or any successor provisions thereto and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; and (viii) any other information relating to such stockholder and any Stockholder Associated Person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made with the SEC in connection with solicitations of proxies for the election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act (or pursuant to any law or statute replacing such section) and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. In addition to the information required above, the Corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as may reasonably be required by the Corporation to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as an independent director of the Corporation or that could be material to a reasonable stockholder’s understanding of the independence, or lack thereof, of such nominee.
(3) Notwithstanding anything in this Section 17 to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board at an annual meeting of the stockholders is increased and there is no public disclosure by the Corporation, naming all of the nominees for directors or specifying the size of the increased Board, at least ninety (90) calendar days prior to the first anniversary of the date of the immediately preceding year’s annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice required by this Section 17 shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the tenth (10 th ) calendar day following the day on which such public disclosure is first made by the Corporation.
(b) Special Meetings of Stockholders . Nominations of persons for election to the Board may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected (i) pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting, (ii) by or at the direction of the Board, or (iii) provided that the Board, has determined that directors shall be elected at such meeting, by any stockholder of the Corporation who (A) is a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in this Section 17(b), (B) is a stockholder of record on the record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting, (C) is a stockholder of record at the time of such meeting, (D) is entitled to vote at such meeting, and (E) complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 17(b) as to such nomination. In the event the Corporation calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing one or more directors to the Board, any such stockholder may nominate a person or persons (as the case may be) for election to such position(s) as specified in the Corporation’s notice of meeting, if the proper form of stockholder’s notice required by Section 17(a)(2) of these Bylaws with respect to any nomination shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120 th ) calendar day prior to the date of such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the ninetieth (90 th ) calendar day prior to the date of such special meeting or, if the first public disclosure made by the Corporation of the date of such special meeting is less than one hundred (100) days prior to the date of such special meeting, not later than the tenth (10 th ) calendar day following the day on which public disclosure is first made of the date of the special meeting at which directors are to be elected. In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of a special meeting or the public disclosure thereof commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.
(c) General .
(1) If the information submitted pursuant to this Section 17 by any stockholder proposing a nominee for election as a director at a meeting of stockholders shall be inaccurate to any material extent, such information may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with this Section 17. Upon written request by the Secretary, the Board or any committee thereof, any stockholder proposing a nominee for election as a director at a meeting shall provide, within seven (7) business days of delivery of such request (or such longer period as may be specified in such request), written verification, satisfactory in the discretion of the Board, any committee thereof or any authorized officer of the Corporation, to demonstrate the accuracy of any information submitted
 
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by the stockholder pursuant to this Section 17. If a stockholder fails to provide such written verification within such period, the information as to which written verification was requested may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with this Section 17.
(2) No person shall be eligible for election as a director of the Corporation at any meeting of stockholders unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 17.
(3) Notwithstanding anything in these Bylaws to the contrary, if a stockholder who has submitted a written notice of intention to propose a nominee for election as a director at a meeting of stockholders (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present the nomination, such nomination shall be disregarded notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation. For purposes of this Section 17, to be considered a qualified representative of the stockholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such stockholder or must be authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of stockholders.
(4) Except as otherwise required by the DGCL and other applicable law, the Certificate or these Bylaws, a Co-Chairman of the Board or other person presiding at the meeting shall have the power and duty (A) to determine whether any nomination proposed to be brought before the meeting was properly made in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 17, including whether the stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person on whose behalf the nomination is made, solicited (or is part of a group which solicited) or did not so solicit, as the case may be, proxies in support of the election of such stockholder’s nominee(s) in compliance with such stockholder’s representation as required by this Section 17, and (B) if any proposed nomination was not made in compliance with this Section 17, to declare that such nomination is defective and shall be disregarded.
(5) In addition to the provisions of this Section 17, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the DGCL, other applicable law and the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations thereunder, with respect to the matters set forth herein, provided , however , that any references in these Bylaws to the Exchange Act or the rules promulgated thereunder are not intended to and shall not limit the applicable requirements for nominations by stockholders to be considered pursuant to Section 17(a) or Section 17(b) of these Bylaws.
(6) Nothing in this Section 17 shall be deemed to affect any rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock, if and to the extent provided for, under applicable law, the Certificate or these Bylaws.
(7) Notwithstanding anything in this Section 17 to the contrary, the requirements of this Section 17 shall not apply to the exercise by Amneal of its rights to designate persons for nomination for election to the Board pursuant to the Stockholders Agreement.
(8) Notwithstanding anything in this Section 17 to the contrary, the requirements of this Section 17 shall not apply to the exercise by the holders of Class B-1 Common Stock of the Corporation of their rights to designate a person for nomination for election to the Board pursuant to the Certificate.
SECTION 18. RESIGNATIONS. Any director may resign at any time by giving written notice thereof to the Board, a Co-Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary. Such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein or, if the time is not specified therein, upon receipt thereof; and, unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.
SECTION 19. REMOVAL. Subject to the provisions of the Stockholders Agreement and the Certificate, any director or the entire Board may be removed, either for or without cause, at any time, by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares entitled to vote at an election of directors at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders called for that purpose. For purposes of this Section 19, “cause” shall mean (a) a
 
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final conviction of a felony involving moral turpitude, or (b) willful misconduct that is materially and demonstrably injurious economically to the Corporation. For purposes of this definition of “cause,” no act, or failure to act, by a director shall be considered “willful” unless committed in bad faith and without a reasonable belief that the act or failure to act was in the best interest of the Corporation or any affiliate of the Corporation. “Cause” shall not exist unless and until the Corporation has delivered to the director a written notice of the director’s failure to act that constitutes “cause” and, if cure is possible, such director shall not have cured such act or omission within ninety (90) days after the delivery of such notice.
SECTION 20. VACANCIES AND NEWLY CREATED DIRECTORSHIPS. Subject to the provisions of the Stockholders Agreement and the Certificate, vacancies in the Board, whether resulting from death, resignation, disqualification, removal or other causes, and any newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors, shall, unless the Board determines by resolution that any such vacancy or newly created directorships shall be filled by the stockholders, be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office, even though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. Any director elected in accordance with the preceding sentence shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the director for which the vacancy was created or occurred and until such director’s successor shall have been elected and qualified, except in the event of his or her earlier death, resignation, disqualification or removal.
SECTION 21. MEETINGS.
(a) Organizational Meetings . The newly elected directors shall hold their first meeting to organize the Corporation, elect officers and transact any other business which may properly come before the meeting. An annual organizational meeting of the Board shall be held immediately after each annual meeting of the stockholders, or at such time and place as may be noticed for the meeting.
(b) Regular Meetings . Regular meetings of the Board may be held without notice at such places and times as shall be determined from time to time by resolution of the directors.
(c) Special Meetings and Notice to Directors . Special meetings of the Board shall be called by a Co-Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or by the Secretary on the written request of any director with at least forty eight (48) hours’ notice to each director and shall be held at such place as may be determined by the person or persons calling the meeting or as shall be stated in the notice of the meeting. Any notice to directors may be given by telecopier, telephone or other means of electronic transmission.
SECTION 22. QUORUM, VOTING AND ADJOURNMENT. A majority of the total number of directors or any committee thereof, but not less than one (1), shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Subject to the provisions of the Stockholders Agreement, the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board, unless a different vote is required by applicable law, the Certificate or these Bylaws. In the absence of a quorum, a majority of the directors present thereat may adjourn such meeting to another time and place. Notice of such adjourned meeting need not be given if the time and place of such adjourned meeting are announced at the meeting so adjourned.
SECTION 23. COMMITTEES. Subject to the provisions of the Stockholders Agreement, the Board may designate one or more committees, including but not limited to an Executive Committee and an Audit Committee, each such committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. The Board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee to replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. Subject to the provisions of the Stockholders Agreement, any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board and to the extent permitted by applicable law, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority to amend the Certificate, adopt an agreement of merger or consolidation, recommend to the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the Corporation’s properties and assets, recommend to the stockholders a dissolution of the Corporation or a
 
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revocation of a dissolution or to amend these Bylaws. Unless a resolution of the Board expressly provides, no such committee shall have the power or authority to declare a dividend or to authorize the issuance of stock of the Corporation. All committees of the Board shall report their proceedings to the Board when required.
SECTION 24. ACTION WITHOUT A MEETING. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board or any committee thereof consent thereto in writing, or by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or electronic transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.
SECTION 25. COMPENSATION. Directors shall be entitled to such compensation for their services as may be approved by the Board, including, if so approved, by resolution of the Board, a fixed sum and expenses of attendance, if any, for attendance at each regular or special meeting of the Board and at any meeting of a committee of the Board. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any Director from serving the corporation in any other capacity as an officer, agent, employee, or otherwise and receiving compensation therefor.
SECTION 26. MEETING BY ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT. Any member of the Board, or of any committee thereof, may participate in a meeting by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting by such means shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.
ARTICLE IV
OFFICERS
SECTION 27. OFFICERS. The officers of the Corporation shall be two Co-Chairmen of the Board, a Chief Executive Officer, a President, a Chief Operating Officer, a Chief Financial Officer, one or more Vice-Presidents, a Secretary, a Treasurer and such other officers and assistant officers as the Board may from time to time deem advisable and appoint (which persons so appointed shall be deemed “officers” of the Corporation). Except for the Co-Chairmen, Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary, the Board may refrain from filling any of the said offices at any time and from time to time. Any number of offices may be held by the same person. The following officers shall be elected by the Board at the time, in the manner and for such terms as the Board from time to time shall determine: Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary. The Chief Executive Officer may appoint such other officers and assistant officers as he may deem advisable provided such officers or assistant officers have a title no higher than Vice-President, who shall hold office for such periods as the Chief Executive Officer shall determine.
SECTION 28. CO-CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD. Each Co-Chairman of the Board shall be a member of the Board and shall preside at all meetings of the Board and of the stockholders. In addition, each Co-Chairman of the Board shall have such powers and perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the Board.
SECTION 29. CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER. The Chief Executive Officer shall have general supervision of all of the departments and business of the Corporation; he or she shall prescribe the duties of the other officers and employees and see to the proper performance thereof. The Chief Executive Officer shall be responsible for having all orders and resolutions of the Board carried into effect. The Chief Executive Officer shall execute on behalf of the Corporation and may affix or cause to be affixed a seal to all authorized documents and instruments requiring such execution, except to the extent that signing and execution thereof shall have been delegated to
 
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some other officer or agent of the Corporation by the Board or by the Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer shall be a member of the Board. In the absence or disability of a Co-Chairman of the Board or his or her refusal to act, the Chief Executive Officer shall preside at meetings of the Board. In general, the Chief Executive Officer shall perform all the duties and exercise all the powers and authorities incident to his or her office or as prescribed by the Board.
SECTION 30. PRESIDENT. The President shall perform such duties as customarily pertain to the office of President or are prescribed by the Board or Chief Executive Officer. In the absence, disability or refusal of the Chief Executive Officer to act, or the vacancy of such office, the President shall perform the duties and have the powers and authorities of the Chief Executive Officer.
SECTION 31. CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER. The Chief Operating Officer shall perform such duties as customarily pertain to the office of Chief Operating Officer or are prescribed by the Board, Chief Executive Officer or President. In the absence, disability or refusal of the President to act, or the vacancy of such office, the Chief Operating Officer shall perform the duties and have the powers and authorities of the President.
SECTION 32. CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER. The Chief Financial Officer shall be the principal financial and accounting officer of the Corporation and shall have such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board, Chief Executive Officer or President.
SECTION 33. VICE PRESIDENTS. Each Vice President, if any are elected, of whom one or more may be designated an Executive and/or Senior Vice President, shall have such powers, shall perform such duties and shall be subject to such supervision as may be prescribed by the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Chief Operating Officer. In the event of the absence or disability of the Chief Executive Officer or the President or their refusal to act, the Vice-Presidents, in the order of their rank, and within the same rank in the order of their seniority, shall perform the duties and have the powers and authorities of the Chief Executive Officer and President, except to the extent inconsistent with applicable law.
SECTION 34. TREASURER. The Treasurer, if one is elected, shall have custody of the corporate funds, securities, evidences of indebtedness and other valuables of the Corporation and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation. He shall deposit all moneys and other valuables in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board. The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation, taking proper vouchers therefor. He shall render to the Chief Executive Officer and the Board, upon their request, a report of the financial condition of the Corporation. If required by the Board, he shall give the Corporation a bond for the faithful discharge of his duties in such amount and with such surety as the Board shall prescribe. The Treasurer shall have such further powers and perform such other duties incident to the office of Treasurer as from time to time are assigned to him by the Board.
SECTION 35. SECRETARY. The Secretary shall be the Chief Administrative Officer of the Corporation and shall: (a) cause minutes of all meetings of the stockholders and directors to be recorded and kept; (b) cause all notices required by these Bylaws or otherwise to be given properly; (c) see that the minute books, stock books, and other nonfinancial books, records and papers of the Corporation are kept properly; and (d) cause all reports, statements, returns, certificates and other documents to be prepared and filed when and as required. The Secretary shall keep a seal of the Corporation, and, when authorized by the Board, Chief Executive Officer or the President, cause the seal to be affixed to any documents and instruments requiring it. The Secretary shall act under the supervision of the Chief Executive Officer and President or such other officer as the Chief Executive Officer or President may designate. The Secretary shall have such further powers and perform such other duties as prescribed from time to time by the Board, Chief Executive Officer, President or such other supervising officer as the Chief Executive Officer or President may designate.
SECTION 36. ASSISTANT TREASURERS AND ASSISTANT SECRETARIES. Each Assistant Treasurer and each Assistant Secretary, if any are elected, shall be vested with all the powers and shall perform all the
 
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duties of the Treasurer and Secretary, respectively, in the absence or disability of such officer, unless or until the Board shall otherwise determine. In addition, Assistant Treasurers and Assistant Secretaries shall have such powers and shall perform such duties as shall be assigned to them by the Board.
SECTION 37. DELEGATION OF DUTIES. In the absence, disability or refusal of any officer to exercise and perform his duties, the Board may delegate to another officer such powers or duties.
SECTION 38. RESIGNATION. Any officer may resign at any time by giving notice in writing or by electronic transmission to the Board or to the President or to the Secretary. Any such resignation shall be effective when received by the person or persons to whom such notice is given, unless a later time is specified therein, in which event the resignation shall become effective at such later time. Unless otherwise specified in such notice, the acceptance of any such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any resignation shall be without prejudice to the rights, if any, of the Corporation under any contract with the resigning officer.
SECTION 39. REMOVAL. Subject to the provisions of the Stockholders Agreement, any officer may be removed from office at any time, either with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors in office at the time, or by the unanimous written consent of the directors in office at the time, or by any duly authorized committee or, with respect to any officer other than the Chairman of the Board (if the Chairman of the Board is designated as an officer of the corporation by the Board), by the Chief Executive Officer or by other superior officers upon whom such power of removal may have been conferred by the Board.
SECTION 40. VACANCIES. Subject to the provisions of the Stockholders Agreement, the Board shall have power to fill vacancies occurring in any office.
ARTICLE V
STOCK
SECTION 41. CERTIFICATES OF STOCK. The shares of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates provided that the Board may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of stock shall be uncertificated shares. Every holder of stock of the Corporation represented by certificates shall be entitled to have a certificate, in such form as may be prescribed by applicable law and by the Board, representing the number of shares held by such holder registered in certificate form, and signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by two authorized officers of the Corporation including, but not limited to, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, a Vice President, the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, certifying the number and class of shares of stock in the Corporation owned by him. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. The Board shall have the power to appoint one or more transfer agents and/or registrars for the transfer or registration of certificates of stock of any class, and may require stock certificates to be countersigned or registered by one or more of such transfer agents and/or registrars.
SECTION 42. TRANSFER OF SHARES.
(a) Shares of stock of the Corporation shall be transferable in the manner prescribed by law, the Certificate, the Stockholders Agreement and in these Bylaws. Shares of stock of the Corporation shall be transferable upon its books by the holders thereof, in person or by their duly authorized attorneys or legal representatives, upon surrender to the Corporation by delivery thereof to the person in charge of the stock and transfer books and ledgers. Such certificates shall be cancelled and new certificates shall thereupon be issued. A record shall be made of each transfer. Whenever any transfer of shares shall be made for collateral security, and not absolutely, it shall be so expressed in the entry of the transfer if, when the certificates are presented, both the transferor and transferee request the Corporation to do so.
 
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(b) The Board shall have power and authority to make such rules and regulations as it may deem necessary or proper concerning the issue, transfer and registration of certificates for shares of stock of the Corporation.
SECTION 43. LOST CERTIFICATES. A new certificate of stock may be issued in the place of any certificate previously issued by the Corporation, alleged to have to have been lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated, and the Board may, in their discretion, require the owner of such lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated certificate, or his legal representative, to give the Corporation a bond, in such sum as the Board may direct, not exceeding double the value of the stock, in order to indemnify the Corporation against any claims that may be made against it in connection therewith.
SECTION 44. STOCKHOLDERS OF RECORD. The Corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any share or shares of its capital stock as the holder thereof, in fact, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise expressly provided by the DGCL or other applicable law.
SECTION 45. RECORD DATE.
(a) Record Date for Meetings of Stockholders . For the purpose of determining the stockholders entitled to notice of, or to vote at, any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board, and which record date shall not be more than sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided , however , that the Board may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
(b) Record Date for Payments of Dividends and Distributions . In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion, or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than sixty (60) days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board adopts the resolution relating thereto.
(c) Record Date for Corporate Actions by Written Consent .
(i) The record date for determining stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting shall be as fixed by the Board or as otherwise established under this Section 46(c). Any person seeking to have the stockholders authorize or take corporate action by written consent without a meeting shall, by written notice addressed to the Secretary and delivered to the Corporation, request that a record date be fixed for such purpose. The Board may fix a record date for such purpose which shall be no more than ten (10) days after the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board and shall not precede the date on which such resolution is adopted. If the Board fails within ten (10) days after the Corporation receives such notice to fix a record date for such purpose, the record date shall be the day on which the first written consent is delivered to the Corporation in the manner described in Section 46(c)(ii) below unless prior action by the Board is required under the DGCL, in which event the record date shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board adopts the resolution taking such prior action.
 
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(ii) (A) Each written consent purporting to take or authorizing the taking of corporate action is referred to in this Section 46(c)(ii) of these Bylaws as a “ Consent ”. No Consent shall be effective to take the corporate action referred to therein unless, within sixty (60) days of the first date on which a consent is so delivered to the Corporation in the manner required by this Section 46(c)(ii), Consents signed by a sufficient number of stockholders to take such action, and not revoked, are so delivered to the Corporation.
(B) A Consent shall be delivered to the Corporation by delivery to its registered office in the State of Delaware, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery to the Corporation’s registered office shall be made by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested.
(C) In the event of the delivery to the Corporation of a Consent, the Secretary shall provide for the safe-keeping of such Consent and shall promptly conduct such ministerial review of the sufficiency of the Consents and of the validity of the action to be taken by stockholder consent as he deems necessary or appropriate, including, without limitation, whether the holders of a number of shares having the requisite voting power to authorize or take the action specified in the Consent have given consent; provided , however , that if the corporate action to which the Consent relates is the removal or replacement of one or more members of the Board, the Secretary shall promptly designate two persons, who shall not be members of the Board, to serve as inspectors with respect to such Consent and such inspectors shall discharge the functions of the Secretary under this Section 45(c)(ii). If after such investigation the Secretary or the inspectors (as the case may be) shall determine that the Consent is valid and that the action therein specified has been validly authorized, that fact shall forthwith be certified on the records of the Corporation kept for the purpose of recording the proceedings of meetings of stockholders, and the Consent shall be filed in such records, at which time the Consent shall become effective as stockholder action. In conducting the investigation required by this Section 45(c)(ii), the Secretary or the inspectors (as the case may be) may, at the expense of the Corporation, retain special legal counsel and any other necessary or appropriate professional advisors, and such other personnel as they may deem necessary or appropriate to assist them, and to the fullest extent permitted by law shall be fully protected in relying in good faith upon the opinion of such counsel or advisors.
SECTION 46. DIVIDENDS. Subject to the provisions of the Certificate, the Board may at any regular or special meeting, out of funds legally available therefor, declare and pay dividends upon the stock of the Corporation. Before the declaration of any dividend, the Board may set apart, out of any funds of the Corporation available for dividends, such sum or sums as from time to time in their discretion may be deemed proper for working capital or as a reserve fund to meet contingencies or for such other purposes as shall be deemed conducive to the interests of the Corporation.
SECTION 47. FRACTIONAL SHARES. The Company shall have the complete discretion to issue fractional shares.
ARTICLE VI
NOTICE AND WAIVER OF NOTICE
SECTION 48. NOTICE. Whenever any written notice is required to be given by law, the Certificate or these Bylaws, such notice, if mailed, shall be deemed to be given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, addressed to the person entitled to such notice at his address as it appears in the books and records of the Corporation. Such notice may also be sent by electronic transmission in accordance with applicable law.
SECTION 49. WAIVER OF NOTICE. Whenever notice is required to be given under any provision of the DGCL, the Certificate or these Bylaws, a written waiver, signed by the person entitled to notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be
 
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deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the stockholders, directors or members of a committee of directors need be specified in any written waiver of notice or any waiver by electronic transmission unless so required by the Certificate or these Bylaws.
ARTICLE VII
AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS
SECTION 50. AMENDMENT OR REPEAL BY THE BOARD. Except as otherwise provided by the DGCL or the Certificate, subject to the provisions of the Stockholders Agreement, these Bylaws may be amended or repealed, in whole or in part, by (x) the affirmative vote of not less than a majority of the Board at any regular or special meeting of the Board provided that notice of such proposed amendment or repeal to be made is included in the notice of the meeting at which such action takes place, which shall also include, without limitation, the text of any such proposed amendment and/or any resolution calling for any such amendment or repeal or (y) by unanimous written consent of the Board.
SECTION 51. AMENDMENT OR REPEAL BY STOCKHOLDERS. Any amendment to, repeal of, or adoption of any provisions inconsistent with these Bylaws, which has not previously received the approval of the Board, shall require for adoption the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the issued and outstanding shares present in person or represented by proxy at a meeting of stockholders and entitled to vote thereon, provided , however , that, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, any amendment to, repeal of, or adoption of any provisions inconsistent with, Sections 2, 3, 6, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20 and 46 of these Bylaws, this Section 52 and Article IX hereof, which has not previously received the approval of the Board shall require for adoption the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds of the voting power of the issued and outstanding shares entitled to vote at a duly called and convened annual or special meeting of stockholders, and provided , further , that, in addition to any other notice required by these Bylaws and other applicable requirements contained herein, notice of such proposed amendment or repeal is included in the notice of the meeting at which such action takes place, which shall also include, without limitation, the text of any such proposed amendment and/or any resolution calling for any such amendment or repeal.
SECTION 52. NO CONFLICT WITH THE CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION. No Bylaw shall be adopted, amended or repealed so as to cause such Bylaw or these Bylaws to be inconsistent or in conflict with or violate any provision of the Certificate.
ARTICLE VIII
MISCELLANEOUS
SECTION 53. SEAL. The seal of the Corporation shall be circular in form and shall have the name of the Corporation on the circumference and the jurisdiction and year of incorporation in the center.
SECTION 54. FISCAL YEAR. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall end on December 31 of each year, or such other twelve consecutive months as the Board may designate.
SECTION 55. CORPORATE FUNDS AND CHECKS. The funds of the Corporation shall be kept in such depositories as shall from time to time be prescribed by the Board. All checks or other orders for the payment of money shall be signed by the Chief Executive Officer, President or Chief Financial Officer or such other person or agent as may from time to time be authorized and with such countersignature, if any, as may be required by the Board.
 
18

SECTION 56. CONTRACTS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS. The Chief Executive Officer or President, or such other officer or officers as may from time to time be authorized by the Board, shall have power to sign and execute on behalf of the Corporation deeds, conveyances and contracts, and any and all other documents requiring execution by the Corporation.
SECTION 57. OWNERSHIP OF STOCK OF ANOTHER CORPORATION. The Chief Executive Officer or President, or such other officer or agent as shall be authorized by the Board, shall have the power and authority, on behalf of the Corporation, to attend and to vote at any meeting of stockholders or securityholders of any corporation or entity in which the Corporation holds stock or securities and may exercise, on behalf of the Corporation, any and all of the rights and powers incident to the ownership of such stock or securities at any such meeting, including the authority to execute and deliver proxies and consents on behalf of the Corporation.
SECTION 58. SEVERABILITY. If any provision (or part thereof) of these Bylaws is illegal or unenforceable as such, such illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision (or part thereof) of these Bylaws and such other provisions shall continue in full force and effect.
SECTION 59. SUBJECT TO LAW AND THE CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION. All rights, powers, duties and responsibilities provided for in these Bylaws, whether or not explicitly so qualified, are qualified by the provisions of the Certificate, the DGCL and any other applicable law.
SECTION 60. EMERGENCY BYLAWS. The provisions of this Section 61 shall be operative only during a national emergency declared by the President of the United States or the person performing the President’s functions, or in the event of a nuclear, atomic or other attack on the United States or a disaster or catastrophe making it impossible or impracticable for the Corporation to conduct its business without recourse to the provisions of this Section 61. Said provisions in such event shall override all other Bylaws or the Corporation in conflict with any provisions of this Section 61, and shall remain operative so long as it remains impossible or impracticable to continue the business of the Corporation otherwise, but thereafter shall be inoperative; provided , however , that all actions taken in good faith pursuant to such provisions shall thereafter remain in full force and effect unless and until revoked by action taken pursuant to the provisions of the Bylaws other than those contained in this Section 61.
(a) A meeting of the Board or of any committee thereof may be called by any officer or director upon one hour’s notice to all persons entitled to notice whom, in the sole judgment of the notifier, it is feasible to notify;
(b) The director or directors in attendance at the meeting of the Board or of any committee thereof shall constitute a quorum; and
(c) These Bylaws may be amended or repealed, in whole or in part, by a majority vote of the directors attending any meeting of the Board, provided such amendment or repeal shall only be effective for the duration of such emergency.
 
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Exhibit 3.3

 
FORM OF
AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS LLC
THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED
LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT
Dated as of [        ]

THE COMPANY INTERESTS REPRESENTED BY THIS THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE UNITED STATES SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR UNDER ANY OTHER APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS. SUCH COMPANY INTERESTS MAY NOT BE SOLD, ASSIGNED, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE DISPOSED OF AT ANY TIME WITHOUT EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION UNDER SUCH ACT AND LAWS OR EXEMPTION THEREFROM, AND COMPLIANCE WITH THE OTHER SUBSTANTIAL RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFERABILITY SET FORTH HEREIN.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 	  	Page	 	
Article I	  				
DEFINITIONS	  	 	2	 	
		
Article II	  				
ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS	  	 	11	 	
Section 2.01 Formation of Company	  	 	11	 	
Section 2.02 Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement	  	 	11	 	
Section 2.03 Name	  	 	11	 	
Section 2.04 Purpose	  	 	12	 	
Section 2.05 Principal Office; Registered Office	  	 	12	 	
Section 2.06 Term	  	 	12	 	
Section 2.07 No State-Law Partnership	  	 	12	 	
		
Article III	  				
MEMBERS; UNITS; CAPITALIZATION	  	 	12	 	
Section 3.01 Members	  	 	12	 	
Section 3.02 Units	  	 	13	 	
Section 3.03 Recapitalization; the Corporation’s Capital Contribution; the Corporation’s Purchase of Common Units	  	 	13	 	
Section 3.04 Authorization and Issuance of Additional Units	  	 	13	 	
Section 3.05 Repurchases or Redemptions	  	 	14	 	
Section 3.06 Certificates Representing Units; Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates; Registration and Transfer of Units	  	 	15	 	
Section 3.07 Negative Capital Accounts	  	 	15	 	
Section 3.08 No Withdrawal	  	 	15	 	
Section 3.09 Loans From Members	  	 	15	 	
Section 3.10 Tax Treatment of Corporate Equity Plans	  	 	15	 	
Section 3.11 Dividend Reinvestment Plan, Cash Option Purchase Plan, Stock Incentive Plan or Other Plan	  	 	17	 	
		
Article IV	  				
DISTRIBUTIONS	  	 	17	 	
Section 4.01 Distributions	  	 	17	 	
Section 4.02 Restricted Distributions	  	 	18	 	
		
Article V	  				
CAPITAL ACCOUNTS; ALLOCATIONS; TAX MATTERS	  	 	18	 	
Section 5.01 Capital Accounts	  	 	18	 	
Section 5.02 Allocations	  	 	19	 	
Section 5.03 Regulatory and Special Allocations	  	 	19	 	
Section 5.04 Tax Allocations	  	 	20	 	
Section 5.05 Withholding; Reimbursement for Payments on Behalf of a Member	  	 	21	 	
		
Article VI	  				
MANAGEMENT	  	 	22	 	
Section 6.01 Authority of Manager	  	 	22	 	
Section 6.02 Actions of the Manager	  	 	23	 	
Section 6.03 Resignation; No Removal	  	 	23	 	
Section 6.04 Vacancies	  	 	23	 	
Section 6.05 Transactions Between Company and Manager	  	 	23	 	
Section 6.06 Reimbursement for Expenses	  	 	23	 	
Section 6.07 Delegation of Authority	  	 	24	 	
 
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 	  	Page	 	
Section 6.08 Limitation of Liability of Manager	  	 	24	 	
Section 6.09 Investment Company Act	  	 	24	 	
Section 6.10 Outside Activities of the Manager	  	 	24	 	
Section 6.11 Standard of Care	  	 	25	 	
		
Article VII	  				
RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF MEMBERS	  	 	25	 	
Section 7.01 Limitation of Liability and Duties of Members; Investment Opportunities	  	 	25	 	
Section 7.02 Lack of Authority	  	 	26	 	
Section 7.03 No Right of Partition	  	 	26	 	
Section 7.04 Indemnification	  	 	26	 	
Section 7.05 Members Right to Act	  	 	27	 	
Section 7.06 Inspection Rights	  	 	28	 	
		
Article VIII	  				
BOOKS, RECORDS, ACCOUNTING AND REPORTS, AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS	  	 	28	 	
Section 8.01 Records and Accounting	  	 	28	 	
Section 8.02 Fiscal Year	  	 	28	 	
		
Article IX	  				
TAX MATTERS	  	 	29	 	
Section 9.01 Preparation of Tax Returns	  	 	29	 	
Section 9.02 Tax Elections	  	 	29	 	
Section 9.03 Tax Controversies	  	 	29	 	
Section 9.04 Liabilities	  	 	30	 	
		
Article X	  				
RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER OF UNITS	  	 	30	 	
Section 10.01 Transfers by Members	  	 	30	 	
Section 10.02 Permitted Transfers	  	 	30	 	
Section 10.03 Restricted Units Legend	  	 	31	 	
Section 10.04 Transfer	  	 	31	 	
Section 10.05 Assignee’s Rights	  	 	32	 	
Section 10.06 Assignor’s Rights and Obligations	  	 	32	 	
Section 10.07 Overriding Provisions	  	 	32	 	
		
Article XI	  				
REDEMPTION AND EXCHANGE RIGHTS	  	 	33	 	
Section 11.01 Redemption Right of a Member	  	 	33	 	
Section 11.02 Contribution of the Corporation	  	 	36	 	
Section 11.03 Exchange Right of the Corporation	  	 	36	 	
Section 11.04 Reservation of Shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B-1 Common Stock; Listing; Certificate of the Corporation	  	 	36	 	
Section 11.05 Effect of Exercise of Redemption or Exchange Right	  	 	37	 	
Section 11.06 Tax Treatment	  	 	37	 	
		
Article XII	  				
ADMISSION OF MEMBERS	  	 	37	 	
Section 12.01 Substituted Members	  	 	37	 	
Section 12.02 Additional Members	  	 	37	 	
		
Article XIII	  				
WITHDRAWAL AND RESIGNATION; TERMINATION OF RIGHTS	  	 	38	 	
Section 13.01 Withdrawal and Resignation of Members	  	 	38	 	
 
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 	  	Page	 	
Article XIV	  				
DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION	  	 	38	 	
Section 14.01 Dissolution	  	 	38	 	
Section 14.02 Liquidation and Termination	  	 	38	 	
Section 14.03 Deferment; Distribution in Kind	  	 	39	 	
Section 14.04 Cancellation of Certificate	  	 	39	 	
Section 14.05 Reasonable Time for Winding Up	  	 	39	 	
Section 14.06 Return of Capital	  	 	39	 	
		
Article XV	  				
VALUATION	  	 	39	 	
Section 15.01 Determination	  	 	39	 	
Section 15.02 Dispute Resolution	  	 	39	 	
		
Article XVI	  				
GENERAL PROVISIONS	  	 	40	 	
Section 16.01 Power of Attorney	  	 	40	 	
Section 16.02 Confidentiality	  	 	40	 	
Section 16.03 Amendments	  	 	41	 	
Section 16.04 Title to Company Assets	  	 	41	 	
Section 16.05 Addresses and Notices	  	 	41	 	
Section 16.06 Binding Effect; Intended Beneficiaries	  	 	42	 	
Section 16.07 Creditors	  	 	42	 	
Section 16.08 Waiver	  	 	43	 	
Section 16.09 Counterparts	  	 	43	 	
Section 16.10 Applicable Law	  	 	43	 	
Section 16.11 Severability	  	 	43	 	
Section 16.12 Further Action	  	 	43	 	
Section 16.13 Conflict	  	 	43	 	
Section 16.14 Delivery by Electronic Transmission	  	 	43	 	
Section 16.15 Right of Offset	  	 	43	 	
Section 16.16 Effectiveness	  	 	44	 	
Section 16.17 Entire Agreement	  	 	44	 	
Section 16.18 Remedies	  	 	44	 	
Section 16.19 Descriptive Headings; Interpretation	  	 	44	 	
Schedules

Schedule 1	  	—	  	Initial Schedule of Members	
Exhibits

Exhibit A	  	—	  	Form of Joinder Agreement	
 
iii

AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS LLC
THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED
LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT
This THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”), dated as of [        ], is entered into by and among Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Company ”), and its Members (as defined herein).
WHEREAS, the Company was formed as a limited liability company pursuant to and in accordance with the Delaware Act (as defined herein) by the filing of the Certificate (as defined herein) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware pursuant to Section 18-201 of the Delaware Act on June 15, 2004;
WHEREAS, the Company previously entered into a Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of the Company, dated as of May 1, 2015 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time to but excluding the date hereof, together with all schedules, exhibits and annexes thereto, the “ Second A&R LLC Agreement ”), with the members of the Company party thereto;
WHEREAS, immediately prior to the Effective Time (as defined herein), (a) Amneal Pharmaceuticals Holding Company LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ APHC ”), held Class A units representing limited liability company interests in the Company (the “ Original Class  A Units ”), (b) AP Class D Member, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ D, LLC ”), held Class D units representing limited liability company interests in the Company (the “ Original Class  D Units ”), (c) AP Class E Member, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ E, LLC ”), held Class E units representing limited liability company interests in the Company (the “ Original Class  E Units ”), and (d) AH PPU Management, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ AH PPU ” and, together with APHC, D, LLC and E, LLC, the “ Original Members ”), held Class F units representing limited liability company interests in the Company (the “ Original Class  F Units ”), Class G units representing limited liability company interests in the Company (the “ Original Class  G Units ”) and Class H units representing limited liability company interests in the Company (the “ Original Class  H Units ” and, together with the Original Class A Units, the Original Class D Units, the Original Class E Units, the Original Class F Units and the Original Class G Units, the “ Original Units ”);
WHEREAS, the parties are entering into this Agreement to amend and restate the Second A&R LLC Agreement in its entirety as of the Effective Time to reflect (a) the Recapitalization (as defined herein) and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement (as defined herein), (b) the Impax Contribution (as defined herein) and the admission of Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Corporation ”), as a Member, (c) the Corporation’s designation as the Manager (as defined herein), and (d) the rights and obligations of the Members that are enumerated and agreed upon in the terms of this Agreement effective as of the Effective Time, at which time the Second A&R LLC Agreement shall be superseded entirely by this Agreement; and
WHEREAS, in connection with the Recapitalization and as of the Effective Time, the Original Units of each Original Member will be converted into Common Units (as defined herein) issued in accordance with this Agreement and the Original Units will cease to exist.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants contained herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Members, intending to be legally bound, hereby agree as follows:
 ARTICLE I
 
1

 DEFINITIONS
The following definitions shall be applied to the terms used in this Agreement for all purposes, unless otherwise clearly indicated to the contrary.
“ Additional Member ” has the meaning set forth in Section  12.02 .
“ Adjusted Capital Account Deficit ” means with respect to the Capital Account of any Member as of the end of any Taxable Year, the amount by which the balance in such Capital Account is less than zero. For this purpose, such Member’s Capital Account balance shall be:
 
 	(a)	reduced for any items described in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), (5), and (6); and	
 
 	(b)	increased for any amount such Member is obligated to contribute or is treated as being obligated to contribute to the Company pursuant to Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(c) (relating to partner liabilities to a partnership) or 1.704-2(g)(1) and 1.704-2(i) (relating to minimum gain).	
“ Admission Date ” has the meaning set forth in Section  10.06 .
“ Affiliate ” (and, with a correlative meaning, “ Affiliated ”) means, with respect to a specified Person, each other Person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by, or is under common control with, the Person specified. As used in this definition, “control” (including with correlative meanings, “controlled by” and “under common control with”) means possession, directly or indirectly, of power to direct or cause the direction of management or policies (whether through ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise).
“ Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the preamble to this Agreement.
“ AH PPU ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Agreement.
“ APHC ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Agreement.
“ Appraisers ” has the meaning set forth in Section  15.02 .
“ Assignee ” means a Person to whom a Company Interest has been transferred but who has not become a Member pursuant to Article XII .
“ Assumed Tax Liability ” means, with respect to any Member at any Tax Advance Date, an amount equal to the amount of federal, state, local and foreign income taxes (including any applicable estimated taxes) for such taxable year, determined taking into account the character of income and loss allocated as it affects the Assumed Tax Rate, that the Manager estimates in good faith would be due from such Member as of the relevant Tax Advance Date, (i) assuming such Member were an individual who earned solely the items of income, gain, deduction, loss, and/or credit allocated to such Member pursuant to Article V , (ii) taking into account adjustments and allocations under Sections 704(c), 734 and 743 of the Code and applicable limitations on the deductibility of capital losses, and (iii) assuming that such Member is subject to tax at the Assumed Tax Rate. The Manager shall reasonably determine the Assumed Tax Liability for each Member based on such assumptions as the Manager in good faith deems reasonably necessary.
“ Assumed Tax Rate ” means, for any taxable year, the sum of the highest marginal rate of federal, state, and local income tax applicable to any direct, or in the case of ownership through an entity classified as a partnership or disregarded entity for federal income tax purposes, indirect owner of a Member (other than the Corporation) (including any tax imposed under Section 1401 or Section 1411 of the Code) determined by applying the rates
 
2

applicable to ordinary income (in cases where taxes are being determined on ordinary income allocated to a Member) and capital gains (in cases where taxes are being determined on capital gains allocated to a Member), and including any deduction of state and local income taxes in computing a Member’s liability for federal income tax. The Manager shall consult in good faith with each Member to determine the Assumed Tax Rate for such Member for any taxable year.
“ Base Rate ” means, on any date, a variable rate per annum equal to the rate of interest most recently published by The Wall Street Journal as the “prime rate” at large U.S. money center banks.
“ Black-Out Period ” means any “black-out” or similar period under the Corporation’s policies covering trading in the Corporation’s securities to which the applicable Redeemed Member is subject, which period restricts the ability of such Redeemed Member to immediately resell shares of Class A Common Stock to be delivered to such Redeemed Member in connection with a Share Settlement.
“ Book Value ” means, the adjusted basis of such asset for federal income tax purposes, except as follows: (a) the initial Book Value of any Company asset contributed by a Member to the Company shall be the gross Fair Market Value of such Company asset as of the date of such contribution; (b) immediately prior to the Distribution by the Company of any Company asset to a Member, the Book Value of such asset shall be adjusted to its gross Fair Market Value as of the date of such Distribution; (c) the Book Value of all Company assets shall be adjusted to equal their respective gross Fair Market Values, as reasonably determined in good faith by the Manager, as of the following times: (i) the acquisition of an additional Company Interest in the Company by a new or existing Member in consideration of a Capital Contribution of more than a de minimis amount; (ii) the Distribution by the Company to a Member of more than a de minimis amount of property (other than cash) as consideration for all or a part of such Member’s Company Interest; and (iii) the liquidation of the Company within the meaning of Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(g); provided , that adjustments pursuant to clauses (i) and (ii) above need not be made if the Manager reasonably determines in good faith that such adjustment is not necessary or appropriate to reflect the relative economic interests of the Members and that the absence of such adjustment does not adversely and disproportionately affect any Member; (d) the Book Value of each Company asset shall be increased or decreased, as the case may be, to reflect any adjustments to the adjusted tax basis of such Company asset pursuant to Code Section 734(b) or Code Section 743(b), but only to the extent that such adjustments are taken into account in determining Capital Account balances pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m); provided , that Book Values shall not be adjusted pursuant to this paragraph (d) to the extent that an adjustment pursuant to paragraph (c) above is made in conjunction with a transaction that would otherwise result in an adjustment pursuant to this paragraph; and if the Book Value of a Company asset has been determined pursuant to paragraph (a) or adjusted pursuant to paragraphs (c) or (d) above, such Book Value shall thereafter be adjusted to reflect the Depreciation taken into account with respect to such Company asset for purposes of computing Profits and Losses.
“ Business Combination Agreement ” means that certain Business Combination Agreement, dated as of October 17, 2017, by and among the Company, Impax, the Corporation and K2 Merger Sub Corporation, a Delaware corporation (as may be amended or supplemented from time to time).
“ Business Combination Closing ” means the “Closing” as defined in Section 1.03 of the Business Combination Agreement.
“ Business Day ” means any day other than a Saturday or a Sunday or a day on which banks located in New York City, New York generally are authorized or required by Law to close.
“ Capital Account ” means the capital account maintained for a Member in accordance with Section  5.01 .
“ Capital Contribution ” means, with respect to any Member, the amount of any cash, cash equivalents, promissory obligations or the Fair Market Value of other property that such Member contributes (or is deemed to contribute) to the Company pursuant to Article III hereof.
 
3

“ Cash Settlement ” means immediately available funds in U.S. dollars in an amount equal to the product of (a) the Share Settlement and (b) the Common Unit Redemption Price.
“ Certificate ” means the Company’s Certificate of Formation as filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware.
“ Change of Control Transaction ” means (a) a sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets determined on a consolidated basis, (b) a sale of a majority of the Company’s outstanding Units (other than (i) to the Corporation, (ii) in a Permitted Transfer or (iii) in connection with a Redemption or Direct Exchange in accordance with Article XI ) or (c) a sale of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of any Material Subsidiary of the Company; in any such case, whether by merger, recapitalization, consolidation, reorganization, combination or otherwise; provided, however , that neither (w) a transaction solely between the Company or any of its wholly-owned Subsidiaries, on the one hand, and the Company or any of its wholly-owned Subsidiaries, on the other hand, nor (x) a transaction solely for the purpose of changing the jurisdiction of domicile of the Company, nor (y) a transaction solely for the purpose of changing the form of entity of the Company, nor (z) a sale of a majority of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock (treating for this purpose all outstanding shares of Class B-1 Common Stock as if converted to Class A Common Stock), whether by merger, recapitalization, consolidation, reorganization, combination or otherwise, shall in each case of clauses (w), (x), (y) and (z) constitute a Change of Control Transaction.
“ Class  A Common Stock ” means the Class A Common Stock, par value [$0.01] per share, of the Corporation.
“ Class B Common Stock ” means the Class B Common Stock, par value [$0.01] per share, of the Corporation.
“ Class B-1 Common Stock ” means the Class B-1 Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Corporation.
“ Code ” means the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
“ Common Stock ” means all classes and series of common stock of the Corporation, including the Class A Common Stock, the Class B Common Stock and the Class B-1 Common Stock.
“ Common Unit ” means a Unit representing a fractional part of the Company Interests of the Members (or a permitted Assignee) and having the rights and obligations specified with respect to the Common Units in this Agreement.
“ Common Unit Redemption Price ” means the average of the volume-weighted closing price for a share of Class A Common Stock on the principal U.S. securities exchange or automated or electronic quotation system on which the Class A Common Stock trades, as reported by Bloomberg, L.P., or its successor, for each of the five (5) consecutive full Trading Days ending on and including the last full Trading Day immediately prior to the Redemption Notice Date, subject to appropriate and equitable adjustment for any stock splits, reverse splits, stock dividends or similar events affecting the Class A Common Stock. If the Class A Common Stock no longer trades on a securities exchange or automated or electronic quotation system, then the Common Unit Redemption Price shall be the fair market value of one share of Class A Common Stock, as determined by the Corporate Board in good faith, that would be obtained in an arms-length transaction between an informed and willing buyer and an informed and willing seller, with neither party having any compulsion to buy or sell, and without regard to the particular circumstances of the buyer or seller; provided, however , that in the event that the applicable Redeemed Member disputes the accuracy of such determination and the Manager and such Member are unable to agree on such determination, (a) the Manager and such Member shall each select an Appraiser, who shall each determine the fair market value of one share of Class A Common Stock in accordance with this sentence, (b) the
 
4

Appraisers shall be instructed to give written notice of their determination thereof within thirty (30) days of their appointment as Appraisers, (c) if the fair market value of one share of Class A Common Stock as determined by an Appraiser is (i) higher than the fair market value of one share of Class A Common Stock as determined by the other Appraiser by 10% or more, and the Manager and such Member do not otherwise agree on a fair market value, the original Appraisers shall designate a third Appraiser, and the fair market value shall be the average of the fair market values determined by all three Appraisers, unless the Manager and such Member(s) otherwise agree on a fair market value, or (ii) within 10% of the fair market value as determined by the other Appraiser (but not identical), and the Manager and such Member do not otherwise agree on a fair market value, the fair market value shall be the average of the fair market values determined by the two Appraisers, and (d) the fees and expenses of the Appraisers shall be borne by the Company, on the one hand, and by such Member, on the other hand, based upon the percentage which the portion of the contested amount not awarded to such Member bears to the amount actually contested by such Member. For example, if such Member contests that the fair market value of a share of Class A Common Stock is $100, and if the Appraisers ultimately determine the fair market value of a share of Class A Common Stock is $60 of the $100 contested, then the costs and expenses of the Appraisers will be allocated 60% (i.e., 60 ÷ 100) to the Company and 40% (i.e., 40 ÷ 100) to such Member.
“ Company ” has the meaning set forth in the preamble to this Agreement.
“ Company Interest ” means the interest of a Member (or a permitted Assignee) in Profits, Losses and Distributions.
“ Company Minimum Gain ” means “partnership minimum gain” determined pursuant to Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(d).
“ Conflicts Committee ” means the Conflicts Committee of the Corporate Board established pursuant to the Stockholders Agreement.
“ Corporate Board ” means the Board of Directors of the Corporation.
“ Corporation ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Agreement, together with its permitted successors and assigns.
“ Corporation Restricted Shares ” has the meaning set forth in Section  3.04(a) .
“ Credit Agreement ” means [        ] (as may be amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time and including any one or more refinancings or replacements thereof, in whole or in part, with any other debt facility or debt obligation).
“ D, LLC ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Agreement.
“ Delaware Act ” means the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, 6 Del.C. § 18-101, et seq. , as it may be amended from time to time, and any successor thereto.
“ Depreciation ” means, for each Taxable Year or other Fiscal Period, an amount equal to the depreciation, amortization or other cost recovery deduction allowable for U.S. federal income tax purposes with respect to property for such Taxable Year or other Fiscal Period, except that (a) with respect to any such property the Book Value of which differs from its adjusted tax basis for U.S. federal income tax purposes and which difference is being eliminated by use of the “remedial method” pursuant to Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-3(d), Depreciation for such Taxable Year or other Fiscal Period shall be the amount of book basis recovered for such Taxable Year or other Fiscal Period under the rules prescribed by Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-3(d)(2), and (b) with respect to any other such property, the Book Value of which differs from its adjusted tax basis at the beginning of such Taxable Year or other Fiscal Period, Depreciation shall be an amount which bears the same
 
5

ratio to such beginning Book Value as the U.S. federal income tax depreciation, amortization, or other cost recovery deduction for such Taxable Year or other Fiscal Period bears to such beginning adjusted tax basis; provided , however , that if the adjusted tax basis of any property at the beginning of such Taxable Year or other Fiscal Period is zero dollars ($0.00), Depreciation with respect to such property shall be determined with reference to such beginning Book Value using any reasonable method selected by the Manager.
“ Direct Exchange ” has the meaning set forth in Section  11.03(a) .
“ Discount ” has the meaning set forth in Section  6.06 .
“ Distributable Cash ” shall mean, as of any relevant date on which a determination is being made by the Manager regarding a potential distribution pursuant to Section  4.01(a) , the amount of cash that could be distributed by the Company for such purposes in accordance with the Credit Agreement (and without otherwise violating any applicable provisions of or resulting in a default (or an event that, with notice or the lapse of time or both, would constitute a default) under the Credit Agreement).
“ Distribution ” (and, with a correlative meaning, “ Distribute ”) means each distribution made by the Company to a Member with respect to such Member’s Units, whether in cash, property or securities of the Company and whether by liquidating distribution or otherwise; provided, however , that none of the following shall be a Distribution: (a) any recapitalization that does not result in the distribution of cash or property to Members or any exchange of securities of the Company, and any subdivision (by Unit split or otherwise) or any combination (by reverse Unit split or otherwise) of any outstanding Units, (b) any other payment made by the Company to a Member in redemption or repurchase of all or a portion of such Member’s Units or (c) any amounts payable pursuant to Section  6.06 .
“ E, LLC ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Agreement.
“ Effective Time ” has the meaning set forth in Section  16.16 .
“ Equity Plan ” means any stock, stock option or equity purchase plan, restricted stock or equity plan or other similar equity compensation plan now or hereafter adopted by the Company or the Corporation.
“ Equity Securities ” means (i) with respect to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (a) Units or other equity interests in the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company (including other classes or groups thereof having such relative rights, powers and duties as may from time to time be established by the Manager pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement, including rights, powers and/or duties senior to existing classes and groups of Units and other equity interests in the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company), (b) obligations, evidences of indebtedness or other securities or interests convertible or exchangeable into Units or other equity interests in the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company, and (c) warrants, options or other rights to purchase or otherwise acquire Units or other equity interests in the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company and (ii) with respect to the Corporation, any and all shares, interests, participation or other equivalents (however designated) of corporate stock, including all common stock and preferred stock, or warrants, options or other rights to acquire any of the foregoing, including any debt instrument convertible or exchangeable into any of the foregoing.
“ Event of Withdrawal ” means the expulsion, bankruptcy or dissolution of a Member or the occurrence of any other event that terminates the continued membership of a Member in the Company. “Event of Withdrawal” shall not include an event that (a) terminates the existence of a Member for income tax purposes (including, without limitation, a change in entity classification of a Member under Treasury Regulations Section 301.7701-3, termination of a partnership pursuant to Section 708(b)(1)(B) of the Code, a sale of assets by, or liquidation of, a Member pursuant to an election under Section 338 of the Code, or merger, severance, or allocation within a trust or among sub-trusts of a trust that is a Member), but that (b) does not terminate the existence of such Member under applicable state law (or, in the case of a trust that is a Member, does not terminate the trusteeship of the fiduciaries under such trust with respect to all the Company Interests of such trust that is a Member).
 
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“ Exchange Act ” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
“ Exchange Election Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section  11.03(b) .
“ Fair Market Value ” means, with respect to any asset, its fair market value determined according to Article XV .
“ Fiscal Period ” means any interim accounting period within a Taxable Year established by the Company and which is permitted or required by Section 706 of the Code.
“ Fiscal Year ” means the Company’s annual accounting period established pursuant to Section  8.02 .
“ Governmental Entity ” means (a) the United States of America, (b) any other sovereign nation, (c) any state, province, district, territory or other political subdivision of (a) or (b) of this definition, including any county, municipal or other local subdivision of the foregoing, or (d) any entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial, regulatory or administrative functions of government on behalf of (a), (b) or (c) of this definition.
“ Impax ” means Impax Laboratories LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.
“ Impax Contributed Interests ” means all of the outstanding equity interests of Impax.
“ Impax Contribution ” has the meaning set forth in Section  3.03(b) .
“ Indemnified Person ” has the meaning set forth in Section  7.04(a) .
“ Investment Company Act ” means the U.S. Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended from time to time.
“ Joinder ” means a joinder to this Agreement, in form and substance substantially similar to Exhibit A to this Agreement.
“ Law ” means all laws, statutes, ordinances, rules and regulations of the United States, any foreign country and each state, commonwealth, city, county, municipality, regulatory body, agency or other political subdivision thereof.
“ LLC Employee ” means an employee of, or other service provider to, the Company or any Subsidiary, in each case acting in such capacity.
“ Losses ” means items of Company loss or deduction determined according to Section  5.01(b) .
“ Manager ” has the meaning set forth in Section  6.01 .
“ Market Price ” means, with respect to a share of Class A Common Stock as of a specified date, the last sale price per share of Class A Common Stock, regular way, or if no such sale took place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices per share of Class A Common Stock, regular way, in either case as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed or admitted to trading on the Stock Exchange or, if the Class A Common Stock is not listed or admitted to trading on the Stock Exchange, as reported on the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed on the principal national securities exchange on which the Class A Common Stock is listed or admitted to trading or, if the Class A Common Stock is not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, the last quoted price, or, if not so quoted, the average of the high bid and low asked prices in the over-the-counter market, as reported by the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. Automated Quotation System or, if
 
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such system is no longer in use, the principal other automated quotation system that may then be in use or, if the Class A Common Stock is not quoted by any such organization, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market in the Class A Common Stock selected by the Corporate Board or, in the event that no trading price is available for the shares of Class A Common Stock, the fair market value of a share of Class A Common Stock, as determined in good faith by the Corporate Board.
“ Material Subsidiary ” means any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Company that, as of any date of determination, represents more than (a) 50% of the consolidated net tangible assets of the Company or (b) 50% of the consolidated net income of the Company before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization [(calculated in a manner substantially consistent with the definition of “Consolidated Net Income” and “EBITDA” or similar definition(s) appearing in the Credit Agreement, including such additional adjustments that are permitted to be made to such measure as described in “EBITDA” or a similar definition appearing in the Credit Agreement)].
“ Member ” means, as of any date of determination, (a) each of the members named on the Schedule of Members and (b) any Person admitted to the Company as a Substituted Member or Additional Member in accordance with Article XII , but in each case only so long as such Person is shown on the Company’s books and records as the owner of one or more Units.
“ Member Minimum Gain ” means “partner nonrecourse debt minimum gain” as defined in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(3).
“ Officer ” has the meaning set forth in Section  6.01(b) .
“ Optionee ” means a Person to whom a stock option is granted under any Equity Plan.
“ Original Class  A Units ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Agreement.
“ Original Class  D Units ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Agreement.
“ Original Class  E Units ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Agreement.
“ Original Class  F Units ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Agreement.
“ Original Class  G Units ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Agreement.
“ Original Class  H Units ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Agreement.
“ Original Units ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Agreement.
“ Original Members ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Agreement.
“ Other Agreements ” has the meaning set forth in Section  10.04 .
“ Partnership Representative ” has the meaning set forth in Section  9.03(b) .
“ Percentage Interest ” means, with respect to a Member at a particular time, such Member’s percentage interest in the Company determined by dividing such Member’s Units by the total Units of all Members at such time. The Percentage Interest of each member shall be calculated to the 4 th decimal place.
“ Permitted Transfer ” has the meaning set forth in Section  10.02 .
“ Person ” means an individual or any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust, unincorporated organization, association, joint venture or any other organization or entity, whether or not a legal entity.
 
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“ Pro rata ,” “ proportional ,” “ in proportion to ,” and other similar terms, means, with respect to the holder of Units, pro rata based upon the number of such Units held by such holder as compared to the total number of Units outstanding.
“ Profits ” means items of Company income and gain determined according to Section  5.01(b) .
“ Recapitalization ” has the meaning set forth in Section  3.03(a) .
“ Reclassification Event ” means any of the following: (i) any reclassification or recapitalization of Common Stock (other than a change in par value, or from par value to no par value, or from no par value to par value, or as a result of a subdivision or combination or any transaction subject to Section  3.04 ), (ii) any merger, consolidation or other combination involving Common Stock, or (iii) any sale, conveyance, lease, or other disposal of all or substantially all the properties and assets of the Corporation to any other Person, in each of clauses (i), (ii) or (iii), as a result of which holders of Common Stock shall be entitled to receive cash, securities or other property for their shares of Common Stock.
“ Redeemed Units ” has the meaning set forth in Section  11.01(a) .
“ Redeemed Member ” has the meaning set forth in Section  11.01(a) .
“ Redemption ” has the meaning set forth in Section  11.01(a) .
“ Redemption Date ” has the meaning set forth in Section  11.01(a) .
“ Redemption Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section  11.01(a) .
“ Redemption Notice Date ” has the meaning set forth in Section  11.01(a) .
“ Redemption Right ” has the meaning set forth in Section  11.01(a) .
“ Related Person ” has the meaning set forth in Section  7.01(c) .
“ Requisite Members ” means the Members (which may include the Manager) holding at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the Common Units then outstanding.
“ Retraction Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section  11.01(b) .
“ Revised Partnership Audit Provisions ” shall mean Section 1101 of Title XI (Revenue Provisions Related to Tax Compliance) of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015, H.R. 1314, Public Law Number 114-74.
“ Schedule of Members ” has the meaning set forth in Section  3.01(b) .
“ SEC ” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, including any governmental body or agency succeeding to the functions thereof.
“ Second A&R LLC Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Agreement.
“ Securities Act ” means the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and applicable rules and regulations thereunder, and any successor to such statute, rules or regulations. Any reference herein to a specific section, rule or regulation of the Securities Act shall be deemed to include any corresponding provisions of future Law.
“ Settlement Method Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section  11.01(b) .
 
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“ Share Settlement ” means (a) a number of shares of Class A Common Stock equal to the number of Redeemed Units or (b) if the Redeemed Member specifies in its applicable Redemption Notice that all or any portion of its Redeemed Units are to be redeemed for Class B-1 Common Stock (a “ Class B-1 Redemption Election ”), a number of shares of (i) Class A Common Stock equal to the number of Redeemed Units that the Redeemed Member specifies in such Redemption Notice are to be redeemed for Class A Common Stock and (ii) Class B-1 Common Stock equal to the number of Redeemed Units that the Redeemed Member specifies in such Redemption Notice are to be redeemed for Class B-1 Common Stock; provided that (x) the Redeemed Members collectively shall not be permitted to redeem more than a total of [                ] Common Units (as adjusted for any equity split, equity distribution, recapitalization, combination, reclassification or similar change in the capital structure of the Company following the date hereof) in the aggregate for Class B-1 Common Stock (the “ Class B-1 Redemption Cap ”) and (y) if a Redeemed Member makes a Class B-1 Redemption Election that (together with all prior Redemptions) would exceed the Class B-1 Redemption Cap, its applicable Redemption Notice shall be deemed to have specified that such excess number of Redeemed Units instead be redeemed for Class A Common Stock.
“ Stock Exchange ” means the New York Stock Exchange, or such other stock exchange or securities market on which shares of Class A Common Stock are at any time listed or quoted.
“ Stockholders Agreement ” means that certain Stockholders Agreement, dated as of October 17, 2017, by and among the Corporation and the other parties named therein (together with any joinder thereto from time to time by any successor or assign to any party to such Agreement).
“ Subsidiary ” means, with respect to any Person, any corporation, limited liability company, partnership, association or business entity of which (a) if a corporation, a majority of the total voting power of shares of stock entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by that Person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of that Person or a combination thereof, or (b) if a limited liability company, partnership, association or other business entity (other than a corporation), a majority of the voting interests thereof are at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by any Person or one or more Subsidiaries of that Person or a combination thereof. For purposes hereof, references to a “Subsidiary” of the Company shall be given effect only at such times that the Company has one or more Subsidiaries, and, unless otherwise indicated, the term “Subsidiary” refers to a Subsidiary of the Company.
“ Substituted Member ” means a Person that is admitted as a Member to the Company pursuant to Section  12.01 .
“ Tax Advance ” has the meaning set forth in Section  4.01(b)(ii) .
“ Tax Advance Date ” means any date that is two Business Days prior to the date on which estimated federal income tax payments are required to be made by corporate taxpayers and the due date for federal income tax returns of corporate taxpayers (without regard to extensions).
“ Tax Matters Partner ” has the meaning set forth in Section  9.03 .
“ Tax Receivable Agreement ” means the Tax Receivable Agreement, dated as of the date hereof, by and among the Company, the Corporation and the other Members from time to time party thereto (as may be amended or supplemented from time to time).
“ Taxable Year ” means the Company’s accounting period for U.S. federal income tax purposes determined pursuant to Section  9.02 .
“ Trading Day ” means a day on which the Stock Exchange or such other principal United States securities exchange on which the Class A Common Stock is listed or admitted to trading is open for the transaction of business (unless such trading shall have been suspended for the entire day).
 
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“ Transfer ” (and, with a correlative meaning, “ Transferring ”) means any sale, transfer, assignment, pledge, encumbrance or other disposition of (whether directly or indirectly, whether with or without consideration and whether voluntarily or involuntarily or by operation of Law) (a) any interest (legal or beneficial) in any Equity Securities of the Company or (b) any equity or other interest (legal or beneficial) in any Member if a majority of the assets of such Member consist of Units; provided, however , that a pledge, encumbrance, hypothecation or mortgage to a bank or other institutional lender to secure a loan for borrowed money by any Member shall not constitute a “Transfer” until the foreclosure thereof.
“ Treasury Regulations ” means the regulations promulgated under the Code and any corresponding provisions of succeeding regulations.
“ Unit ” means a Company Interest of a Member or a permitted Assignee in the Company representing a fractional part of the Company Interests of all Members and Assignees as may be established by the Manager from time to time in accordance with Section  3.02 ; provided, however , that any class or group of Units issued shall have the relative rights, powers and duties set forth in this Agreement, and the Company Interest represented by such class or group of Units shall be determined in accordance with such relative rights, powers and duties.
“ Value ” means (a) for any stock option, the Market Price for the trading day immediately preceding the date of exercise of a stock option under the applicable Equity Plan and (b) for interest granted pursuant to an Equity Plan other than a stock option, the Market Price for the trading day immediately preceding the Vesting Date.
“ Vesting Date ” has the meaning set forth in Section  3.10(c) .
 ARTICLE II
ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS
 Section 2.01 Formation of Company . The Company was formed on June 15, 2004 pursuant to the provisions of the Delaware Act.
 Section 2.02 [Third] Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement . The Members hereby execute this Agreement for the purpose of continuing the affairs of the Company without dissolution and the conduct of its business in accordance with the provisions of the Delaware Act. This Agreement amends and restates the Second A&R LLC Agreement in its entirety and shall constitute the “limited liability company agreement” (as that term is used in the Delaware Act) of the Company effective as of the date set forth above. The Members hereby agree that during the term of the Company set forth in Section  2.06 , the rights and obligations of the Members with respect to the Company will be determined in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the Delaware Act. On any matter upon which this Agreement is silent, the Delaware Act shall control. No provision of this Agreement shall be in violation of the Delaware Act and to the extent any provision of this Agreement is in violation of the Delaware Act, such provision shall be void and of no effect to the extent of such violation without affecting the validity of the other provisions of this Agreement; provided, however , that where the Delaware Act provides that a provision of the Delaware Act shall apply “unless otherwise provided in a limited liability company agreement” or words of similar effect, the provisions of this Agreement shall in each instance control; provided further , that notwithstanding the foregoing, Section  18-210 of the Delaware Act shall not apply or be incorporated into this Agreement.
 Section 2.03 Name . The name of the Company shall be “Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC”. The Manager in its sole discretion may change the name of the Company at any time and from time to time in accordance with the Delaware Act. Notification of any such change shall be given to all of the Members and, to the extent practicable, to all of the holders of any Equity Securities then outstanding. The Company’s business may be conducted under its name and/or any other name or names deemed advisable by the Manager.
 
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 Section 2.04 Purpose . The primary business and purpose of the Company shall be to engage in such activities as are permitted under the Delaware Act and determined from time to time by the Manager in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement.
 Section 2.05 Principal Office; Registered Office . The principal office of the Company shall be at 400 Crossing Boulevard, 3rd Floor, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, or such other place as the Manager may from time to time designate. The address of the registered office of the Company in the State of Delaware shall be 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, County of New Castle, DE 19808, and the registered agent for service of process on the Company in the State of Delaware at such registered office shall be the Corporation Service Company. The Manager may from time to time change the Company’s registered agent and registered office in the State of Delaware in accordance with the Delaware Act.
 Section 2.06 Term . The term of the Company commenced upon the filing of the Certificate in accordance with the Delaware Act and shall continue until dissolution of the Company in accordance with the provisions of Article XIV . The existence of the Company shall continue as a separate legal entity until cancellation of the Certificate as provided in the Delaware Act.
 Section 2.07 No State-Law Partnership . The Members intend that the Company not be a partnership (including a limited partnership) or joint venture, and that no Member be a partner or joint venturer of any other Member by virtue of this Agreement, for any purposes other than as set forth in the last sentence of this Section  2.07 , and neither this Agreement nor any other document entered into by the Company or any Member relating to the subject matter hereof shall be construed to suggest otherwise. The Members intend that the Company shall be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal (and applicable state and local) income tax purposes, and that each Member and the Company shall file all tax returns and shall otherwise take all tax and financial reporting positions in a manner consistent with such treatment.
 ARTICLE III
MEMBERS; UNITS; CAPITALIZATION
 Section 3.01 Members .
(a) Each Original Member previously was admitted as a Member and shall remain a Member of the Company upon the Effective Time. At the Effective Time and concurrently with the Impax Contribution, the Corporation shall be admitted to the Company as a Member.
(b) The Company shall maintain a schedule setting forth: (i) the name of each Member; (ii) the aggregate number of outstanding Units and the number and class of Units held by each Member; (iii) the aggregate amount of cash Capital Contributions that has been made by the Members with respect to their Units; and (iv) the Fair Market Value of any property other than cash contributed by the Members with respect to their Units (including, if applicable, a description and the amount of any liability assumed by the Company or to which contributed property is subject) (such schedule, the “ Schedule of Members ”). The applicable Schedule of Members in effect as of the Effective Time (after giving effect to the Recapitalization and the Impax Contribution) is set forth as Schedule  1 to this Agreement. The Schedule of Members shall be the definitive record of ownership of each Unit of the Company and all relevant information with respect to each Member. The Company shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a Person registered on the Schedule of Members as the owner of Units for all purposes and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in Units on the part of any other Person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the Delaware Act.
(c) No Member (other than the Corporation as expressly provided for in this Agreement) shall be required to make any additional Capital Contributions without such Member’s consent. No Member shall be required or,
 
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except as approved by the Manager pursuant to Section  6.01 and in accordance with the other provisions of this Agreement, permitted to loan any money or property to the Company or borrow any money or property from the Company.
 Section 3.02 Units . Interests in the Company shall be represented by Units, or such other securities of the Company, in each case as the Manager may establish in its discretion in accordance with the terms and subject to the restrictions hereof. Immediately after the Effective Time, the Units will be comprised of a single class of Common Units. To the extent required pursuant to Section  3.04(a) , the Manager may create one or more classes or series of Common Units or preferred Units solely to the extent they are in the aggregate substantially equivalent to a class of common stock of the Corporation or class or series of preferred stock of the Corporation.
 Section 3.03 Recapitalization; the Corporation ’ s Capital Contribution; the Corporation ’ s Purchase of Common Units .
(a) Recapitalization . In accordance with the Business Combination Agreement, at the Business Combination Closing, all Original Class A Units, Original Class D Units, Original Class E Units, Original Class F Units, Original Class G Units and Original Class H Units that were issued and outstanding and held by the Original Members prior to the execution and effectiveness of this Agreement are hereby converted into the number of Common Units set forth next to each Original Member’s name on Schedule 1 , which are hereby issued and outstanding as of the Effective Time (collectively, the “ Recapitalization ”).
(b) The Impax Contribution . Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, as of the Effective Time, the Corporation has contributed to the Company the Impax Contributed Interests, and the Company has issued to the Corporation in exchange therefor the number of Common Units set forth next to the Corporation’s name on Schedule 1 (the “ Impax Contribution ”). The parties hereto acknowledge and agree that the Impax Contribution will result in a “revaluation of partnership property” and corresponding adjustments to Capital Account balances as described in Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(f) of the Treasury Regulations.
 Section 3.04 Authorization and Issuance of Additional Units .
(a) If at any time the Corporation issues a share of its Class A Common Stock or Class B-1 Common Stock or any other Equity Security of the Corporation, (i) the Company shall issue to the Corporation one Common Unit (if the Corporation issues a share of Class A Common Stock or Class B-1 Common Stock), or such other Equity Security of the Company (if the Corporation issues Equity Securities other than Class A Common Stock or Class B-1 Common Stock) corresponding to the Equity Securities issued by the Corporation, and with substantially the same rights to dividends and distributions (including distributions upon liquidation) and other economic rights as those of such Equity Securities of the Corporation and (ii) the net proceeds received by the Corporation with respect to the corresponding share of Class A Common Stock or Class B-1 Common Stock or other Equity Security, if any, shall be concurrently contributed by the Corporation to the Company as a Capital Contribution; provided , that if the Corporation issues any shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B-1 Common Stock or in order to directly purchase from another Member (other than the Corporation) a number of Common Units pursuant to Section  11.03(a) (and a corresponding number of shares of Class B Common Stock), then the Company shall not issue any new Common Units in connection therewith and the Corporation shall not be required to transfer such net proceeds to the Company (it being understood that such net proceeds shall instead be transferred to such other Member as consideration for such purchase). Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section  3.04(a) shall not apply to (i) (A) the issuance and distribution to holders of shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B-1 Common Stock of rights to purchase Equity Securities of the Corporation under a “poison pill” or similar shareholders rights plan or (B) the issuance (including under the Corporation’s Equity Plans) of any warrants, options, other rights or property that are convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, but shall in each of the foregoing cases apply to the issuance of Common Stock in connection with the conversion, exercise or settlement of such rights, warrants, options or other rights or property or (ii) the issuance of Common Stock pursuant to any Equity Plan that is restricted, subject to forfeiture or otherwise
 
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unvested upon issuance (“ Corporation Restricted Shares ”), but shall apply on the applicable Vesting Date with respect to such Corporation Restricted Shares. Except pursuant to Article XI , (x) the Company may not issue any additional Common Units to the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries unless substantially simultaneously the Corporation or such Subsidiary issues or sells an equal number of shares of the Corporation’s Class A Common Stock or Class B-1 Common Stock to another Person, and (y) the Company may not issue any other Equity Securities of the Company to the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries unless substantially simultaneously the Corporation or such Subsidiary issues or sells, to another Person, an equal number of shares of a new class or series of Equity Securities of the Corporation or such Subsidiary with substantially the same rights to dividends and distributions (including distributions upon liquidation) and other economic rights as those of such Equity Securities of the Company.
(b) The Company shall only be permitted to issue additional Units or other Equity Securities in the Company to the Persons and on the terms and conditions provided for in Section  3.02 , this Section  3.04 and Section  3.11 .
(c) The Company shall not in any manner effect any subdivision (by equity split, equity distribution, reclassification, recapitalization or otherwise) or combination (by reverse equity split, reclassification, recapitalization or otherwise) of the outstanding Class A Common Stock or Class B-1 Common Units unless accompanied by an identical subdivision or combination, as applicable, of the outstanding Common Stock, with corresponding changes made with respect to any other exchangeable or convertible securities. The Corporation shall not in any manner effect any subdivision (by stock split, stock dividend, reclassification, recapitalization or otherwise) or combination (by reverse stock split, reclassification, recapitalization or otherwise) of the outstanding Common Stock unless accompanied by an identical subdivision or combination, as applicable, of the outstanding Common Units, with corresponding changes made with respect to any other exchangeable or convertible securities. The Company shall not in any manner effect any subdivision (by equity split, equity distribution, reclassification, recapitalization or otherwise) or combination (by reverse equity split, reclassification, recapitalization or otherwise) of any outstanding Equity Securities of the Company (other than the Common Units) unless accompanied by an identical subdivision or combination, as applicable, of the corresponding Equity Securities of the Corporation, with corresponding changes made with respect to any other exchangeable or convertible securities. The Corporation shall not in any manner effect any subdivision (by stock split, stock dividend, reclassification, recapitalization or otherwise) or combination (by reverse stock split, reclassification, recapitalization or otherwise) of any outstanding Equity Securities of the Corporation (other than the Class A Common Stock or Class B-1 Common Stock) unless accompanied by an identical subdivision or combination, as applicable, of the corresponding Equity Securities of the Company, with corresponding changes made with respect to any other exchangeable or convertible securities.
 Section 3.05 Repurchases or Redemptions . The Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries may not redeem, repurchase or otherwise acquire (i) any shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B-1 Common Stock unless substantially simultaneously the Company redeems, repurchases or otherwise acquires from the Corporation an equal number of Common Units for the same price per security or (ii) any other Equity Securities of the Corporation unless substantially simultaneously the Company redeems, repurchases or otherwise acquires from the Corporation an equal number of Equity Securities of the Company of a corresponding class or series with substantially the same rights to dividends and distributions (including distributions upon liquidation) and other economic rights as those of such Equity Securities of the Corporation for the same price per security. The Company may not redeem, repurchase or otherwise acquire (A) any Common Units from the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries unless substantially simultaneously the Corporation or such Subsidiary redeems, repurchases or otherwise acquires an equal number of shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B-1 Common Stock for the same price per security from holders thereof or (B) any other Equity Securities of the Company from the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries unless substantially simultaneously the Corporation or such Subsidiary redeems, repurchases or otherwise acquires for the same price per security an equal number of Equity Securities of the Corporation of a corresponding class or series with substantially the same rights to dividends and distributions (including distribution upon liquidation) and other economic rights as those of such Equity
 
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Securities of the Corporation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent that any consideration payable by the Corporation in connection with the redemption or repurchase of any shares of Class A Common Stock, Class B-1 Common Stock or other Equity Securities of the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries consists (in whole or in part) of shares of Class A Common Stock, or Class B-1 Common Stock or such other Equity Securities (including, for the avoidance of doubt, in connection with the cashless exercise of an option or warrant), then the redemption or repurchase of the corresponding Common Units or other Equity Securities of the Company shall be effectuated in an equivalent manner.
 Section 3.06 Certificates Representing Units; Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates; Registration and Transfer of Units .
(a) Units shall not be certificated unless otherwise determined by the Manager. If the Manager determines that one or more Units shall be certificated, each such certificate shall be signed by or in the name of the Company, by the Chief Executive Officer and any other officer designated by the Manager, representing the number of Units held by such holder. Such certificate shall be in such form (and shall contain such legends) as the Manager may determine. Any or all of such signatures on any certificate representing one or more Units may be a facsimile, engraved or printed, to the extent permitted by applicable Law. The Manager agrees that it shall not elect to treat any Unit as a “security” within the meaning of Article 8 of the Uniform Commercial Code unless thereafter all Units then outstanding are represented by one or more certificates.
(b) If Units are certificated, the Manager may direct that a new certificate representing one or more Units be issued in place of any certificate theretofore issued by the Company alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon delivery to the Manager of an affidavit of the owner or owners of such certificate, setting forth such allegation. The Manager may require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, or such owner’s legal representative, to give the Company a bond sufficient to indemnify it against any claim that may be made against it on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of any such new certificate.
(c) Upon surrender to the Company or the transfer agent of the Company, if any, of a certificate for one or more Units, duly endorsed or accompanied by appropriate evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer, in compliance with the provisions hereof, the Company shall issue a new certificate representing one or more Units to the Person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction upon its books. Subject to the provisions of this Agreement, the Manager may prescribe such additional rules and regulations as it may deem appropriate relating to the issue, Transfer and registration of Units.
 Section 3.07 Negative Capital Accounts . No Member shall be required to pay to any other Member or the Company any deficit or negative balance which may exist from time to time in such Member’s Capital Account (including upon and after dissolution of the Company).
 Section 3.08 No Withdrawal . No Person shall be entitled to withdraw any part of such Person’s Capital Contribution or Capital Account or to receive any Distribution from the Company, except as expressly provided in this Agreement.
 Section 3.09 Loans From Members . Loans by Members to the Company shall not be considered Capital Contributions. Subject to the provisions of Section  3.01(c) , the amount of any such advances shall be a debt of the Company to such Member and shall be payable or collectible in accordance with the terms and conditions upon which such advances are made.
 Section 3.10 Tax Treatment of Corporate Equity Plans .
(a) Options Granted to Persons Other than LLC Employees . If at any time or from time to time, in connection with any Equity Plan, a stock option granted over shares of Class A Common Stock to a Person other
 
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than an LLC Employee is duly exercised, notwithstanding the amount of the Capital Contribution actually made pursuant to Section  3.04(a) , solely for U.S. federal (and applicable state and local) income tax purposes, the Corporation shall be deemed to have contributed to the Company as a Capital Contribution, in lieu of the Capital Contribution actually made and in consideration of additional Common Units, an amount equal to the Value of a share of Class A Common Stock as of the date of such exercise multiplied by the number of shares of Class A Common Stock then being issued by the Corporation in connection with the exercise of such stock option.
(b) Options Granted to LLC Employees . If at any time or from time to time, in connection with any Equity Plan, a stock option granted over shares of Class A Common Stock to an LLC Employee is duly exercised, solely for U.S. federal (and applicable state and local) income tax purposes, the following transactions shall be deemed to have occurred:
(i) The Corporation shall sell to the Optionee, and the Optionee shall purchase from the Corporation, for a cash price per share equal to the Value of a share of Class A Common Stock at the time of the exercise, the number of shares of Class A Common Stock equal to the quotient of (x) the exercise price payable by the Optionee in connection with the exercise of such stock option divided by (y) the Value of a share of Class A Common Stock at the time of such exercise.
(ii) The Corporation shall sell to the Company (or if the Optionee is an employee of, or other service provider to, a Subsidiary, the Corporation shall sell to such Subsidiary), and the Company (or such Subsidiary, as applicable) shall purchase from the Corporation, a number of shares of Class A Common Stock equal to the excess of (x) the number of shares of Class A Common Stock as to which such stock option is being exercised over (y) the number of shares of Class A Common Stock sold pursuant to Section  3.10(b)(i) hereof. The purchase price per share of Class A Common Stock for such sale of shares of Class A Common Stock to the Company (or such Subsidiary) shall be the Value of a share of Class A Common Stock as of the date of exercise of such stock option.
(iii) The Company shall transfer to the Optionee (or if the Optionee is an employee of, or other service provider to, a Subsidiary, the Subsidiary shall transfer to the Optionee) at no additional cost to such LLC Employee and as additional compensation to such LLC Employee, the number of shares of Class A Common Stock described in Section  3.10(b)(ii) .
(iv) The Corporation shall be deemed to have contributed any amounts received by the Corporation pursuant to 
Section  3.10(b)(i) and any amount deemed to be received by the Company pursuant to Section  3.10(b)(ii) in connection with the exercise of such stock option.
The transactions described in this Section  3.10(b) are intended to comply with the provisions of Treasury Regulations Section 1.1032-3 and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.
(c) Restricted Stock Granted to LLC Employees . If at any time or from time to time, in connection with any Equity Plan, any shares of Class A Common Stock are issued to an LLC Employee (including any Corporation Restricted Shares) in consideration for services performed for the Company or any Subsidiary, on the date (such date, the “ Vesting Date ”) that the Value of such shares is includible in taxable income of such LLC Employee, the following events will be deemed to have occurred solely for U.S. federal (and applicable state and local) income tax purposes: (a) the Corporation shall be deemed to have sold such shares of Class A Common Stock to the Company (or if such LLC Employee is an employee of, or other service provider to, a Subsidiary, to such Subsidiary) for a purchase price equal to the Value of such shares of Class A Common Stock, (b) the Company (or such Subsidiary) shall be deemed to have delivered such shares of Class A Common Stock to such LLC Employee, (c) the Corporation shall be deemed to have contributed the purchase price for such shares of Class A Common Stock to the Company as a Capital Contribution, and (d) in the case where such LLC Employee is an employee of a Subsidiary, the Company shall be deemed to have contributed such amount to the capital of the Subsidiary.
 
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(d) Future Stock Incentive Plans . Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed or applied to preclude or restrain the Corporation from adopting, modifying or terminating stock incentive plans for the benefit of employees, directors or other business associates of the Corporation, the Company or any of their respective Affiliates. The Members acknowledge and agree that, in the event that any such plan is adopted, modified or terminated by the Corporation, amendments to this Section  3.10 may become necessary or advisable and that any approval or consent to any such amendments requested by the Corporation shall be deemed granted by the Manager without the requirement of any further consent or acknowledgement of any other Member.
(e) Anti-dilution Adjustments. For all purposes of this Section  3.10 , the number of shares of Class A Common Stock and the corresponding number of Common Units shall be determined after giving effect to all anti-dilution or similar adjustments that are applicable, as of the date of exercise or vesting, to the option, warrant, restricted stock or other equity interest that is being exercised or becomes vested under the applicable Equity Plan and applicable award or grant documentation.
 Section 3.11 Dividend Reinvestment Plan, Cash Option Purchase Plan, Stock Incentive Plan or Other Plan . Except as may otherwise be provided in this Article III , all amounts received or deemed received by the Corporation in respect of any dividend reinvestment plan, cash option purchase plan, stock incentive or other stock or subscription plan or agreement, either (a) shall be utilized by the Corporation to effect open market purchases of shares of Class A Common Stock, or (b) if the Corporation elects instead to issue new shares of Class A Common Stock with respect to such amounts, shall be contributed by the Corporation to the Company in exchange for additional Common Units. Upon such contribution, the Company will issue to the Corporation a number of Common Units equal to the number of new shares of Class A Common Stock so issued.
 ARTICLE IV
DISTRIBUTIONS
 Section 4.01 Distributions .
(a) Distributable Cash; Other Distributions . To the extent permitted by applicable Law and hereunder, Distributions to Members may be declared by the Manager out of Distributable Cash or other funds or property legally available therefor in such amounts and on such terms (including the payment dates of such Distributions) as the Manager shall determine using such record date as the Manager may designate; such Distributions shall be made to the Members as of the close of business on such record date on a pro rata basis in accordance with each Member’s Percentage Interest as of the close of business on such record date; provided, however , that the Manager shall have the obligation to make Distributions as set forth in Sections 4.01(b) and 14.02 ; and provided further that, notwithstanding any other provision herein to the contrary, no Distributions shall be made to any Member to the extent such Distribution would violate Section 18-607 or Section 18-804 of the Delaware Act. Promptly following the designation of a record date and the declaration of a Distribution pursuant to this Section  4.01(a) , the Manager shall give notice to each Member of the record date, the amount and the terms of the Distribution and the payment date thereof. In furtherance of the foregoing, it is intended that the Manager shall, to the extent permitted by applicable Law and hereunder, have the right in its reasonable discretion to make Distributions to the Members pursuant to this Section  4.01(a) in such amounts as shall enable the Corporation to pay dividends or to meet its obligations (to the extent such obligations are not otherwise able to be satisfied as a result of Tax Distributions required to be made pursuant to Section  4.01(b) or reimbursements required to be made pursuant to Section  6.06 ).
(b) Tax Distributions . With respect to any tax period (or the portion thereof) ending after the date hereof:
(i) The Company shall make distributions to all Members pro rata, in accordance with each Member’s Percentage Interest, on a quarterly basis and in such amounts as necessary to enable the Corporation to timely (x) satisfy all of its U.S. federal, state and local and non-U.S. tax liabilities, and (y) meet its obligations pursuant to the Tax Receivable Agreement.
 
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(ii) If a Member (other than the Corporation) has an Assumed Tax Liability at a Tax Advance Date in excess of the sum of the amount of distributions under Section  4.01(a), Section  4.01(b)(i) and any Tax Advances made to such Member during such taxable year, the Company shall, to the extent permitted by applicable Law, and subject to the availability of funds and any restrictions contained in any agreement to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound, make advances to such Member in an amount equal to such excess (a “ Tax Advance ”). Any such Tax Advance shall be treated as an advance against and, thus, shall reduce (without duplication), any future distributions that would otherwise be made to such Member pursuant to Sections 4.01(a) and 14.02(c) . If there is a Tax Advance outstanding with respect to a Member who (x) elects to participate in a Redemption (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any Direct Exchange at the option of the Corporation pursuant to Section  11.03 ), or (y) Transfers Units pursuant to the provisions of Article X , then in each case such Member shall repay to the Company within fifteen (15) days after the Redemption Date or Date of such Transfer, as the case may be, an amount of cash equal to the proportionate share of such Tax Advance relating to its Units subject to the Redemption or Transfer (determined at the time of the Redemption or Transfer based on the number of Units subject to the Redemption or Transfer as compared to the total number of Units held by such Member), provided that, in the case of a Transfer described in clause (y) , such Member shall not be required to pay such amount of cash equal to the proportionate share of such Tax Advance relating to its Units subject to the Transfer, if the transferee agrees to assume the Member’s obligation to repay to the Company such amount equal to the proportionate share of the Member’s existing Tax Advance relating to such Units subject to the Transfer, and such Member shall be relieved from any liabilities associated with and the obligation to repay its existing Tax Advance relating to such Units subject to the Transfer. The obligations of each Member pursuant to the preceding sentence shall survive the withdrawal of any Member or the Transfer of any Member’s Units and shall apply to any current or former Member. For the avoidance of doubt, any repayment of a Tax Advance pursuant to the previous sentence shall not be treated as a Capital Contribution.
(c) Tax Refunds of the Corporation . All refunds for taxes received by the Corporation after the Effective Time that are attributable to taxable periods (or portions thereof) ending on or before the Effective Time shall be promptly transferred to the Company for no consideration and no additional Units shall be issued to the Corporation in respect of any such transfer. Such transfers shall not constitute Capital Contributions and shall have no effect on the Capital Accounts of any Member.
 Section 4.02 Restricted Distributions . Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the Company shall not make any Distribution to any Member on account of any Company Interest if such Distribution would violate any applicable Law or the terms of the Credit Agreement or result in a default (or an event that, with notice or the lapse of time or both, would constitute a default) thereunder.
 ARTICLE V
CAPITAL ACCOUNTS; ALLOCATIONS; TAX MATTERS
 Section 5.01 Capital Accounts .
(a) The Company shall maintain a separate Capital Account for each Member according to the rules of Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv). For this purpose, the Company may (in the reasonable discretion of the Manager), upon the occurrence of the events specified in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(f), increase or decrease the Capital Accounts in accordance with the rules of such Treasury Regulations and Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(g) to reflect a revaluation of Company property. The Capital Account balance of each of the Members as of the date hereof, as adjusted in accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(f), is its respective “Contribution Closing Capital Account Balance” set forth on the Schedule of Members.
(b) For purposes of computing the amount of any item of Company income, gain, loss or deduction to be allocated pursuant to this Article V and to be reflected in the Capital Accounts of the Members, the
 
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determination, recognition and classification of any such item shall be the same as its determination, recognition and classification for U.S. federal income tax purposes (including any method of depreciation, cost recovery or amortization used for this purpose); provided, however , that:
(i) The computation of all items of income, gain, loss and deduction shall include those items described in
Code Section 705(a)(l)(B) or Code Section 705(a)(2)(B) and Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(i), without regard to the fact that such items are not includable in gross income or are not deductible for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
(ii) If the Book Value of any Company property is adjusted pursuant to Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(e) or (f), the amount of such adjustment shall be taken into account as gain or loss from the disposition of such property.
(iii) Items of income, gain, loss or deduction attributable to the disposition of Company property having a Book Value that differs from its adjusted basis for tax purposes shall be computed by reference to the Book Value of such property.
(iv) In lieu of the depreciation, amortization and other cost recovery deductions taken into account in computing Profits or Losses, there shall be taken into account Depreciation for such Taxable Year or other Fiscal Period.
(v) To the extent an adjustment to the adjusted tax basis of any Company asset pursuant to Code Sections 732(d), 734(b) or 743(b) is required, pursuant to Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m), to be taken into account in determining Capital Accounts, the amount of such adjustment to the Capital Accounts shall be treated as an item of gain (if the adjustment increases the basis of the asset) or loss (if the adjustment decreases such basis).
(vi) Items specifically allocated under Section  5.03 shall be excluded from the computation of Profits and Losses.
 Section 5.02 Allocations . After giving effect to the allocations under Section  5.03 , and subject to Section  5.04 , Profits, Losses and, to the extent necessary, individual items of income, gain, loss, credit and deduction, for any Taxable Year or other Fiscal Period shall be allocated among the Capital Accounts of the Members on a pro rata basis in accordance with each Member’s Percentage Interest.
 Section 5.03 Regulatory and Special Allocations .
(a) Partner nonrecourse deductions (as defined in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(2)) attributable to partner nonrecourse debt (as defined in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(b)(4)) shall be allocated in the manner required by Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(i). If there is a net decrease during a Taxable Year in Member Minimum Gain, items of Company income and gain for such Taxable Year (and, if necessary, for subsequent Taxable Years) shall be allocated to the Members in the amounts and of such character as determined according to Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(4).
(b) Nonrecourse deductions (as determined according to Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(b)(1)) for any Taxable Year shall be allocated pro rata among the Members in accordance with their Percentage Interests. Except as otherwise provided in Section  5.03(a) , if there is a net decrease in the Company Minimum Gain during any Taxable Year, each Member shall be allocated items of Company income and gain for such Taxable Year (and, if necessary, for subsequent Taxable Years) in the amounts and of such character as determined according to Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(f). This Section  5.03(b) is intended to be a minimum gain chargeback provision that complies with the requirements of Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(f), and shall be interpreted in a manner consistent therewith.
(c) If any Member that unexpectedly receives an adjustment, allocation or Distribution described in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), (5) and (6) has an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit as of
 
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the end of any Taxable Year, computed after the application of Sections 5.03(a) and 5.03(b) but before the application of any other provision of this Article V , then items of Company income and gain for such Taxable Year shall be allocated to such Member in proportion to, and to the extent of, such Adjusted Capital Account Deficit. This Section  5.03(c) is intended to be a qualified income offset provision as described in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d) and shall be interpreted in a manner consistent therewith.
(d) If the allocation of Losses to a Member as provided in Section  5.02 would create or increase an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit, there shall be allocated to such Member only that amount of Losses as will not create or increase an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit. The Losses that would, absent the application of the preceding sentence, otherwise be allocated to such Member shall be allocated to the other Members in accordance with their relative Percentage Interests, subject to this Section  5.03(d) .
(e) Profits and Losses described in Section  5.01(b)(v) shall be allocated in a manner consistent with the manner that the adjustments to the Capital Accounts are required to be made pursuant to Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(j) and (m).
(f) The allocations set forth in Section  5.03(a) through and including Section  5.03(d) (the “ Regulatory Allocations ”) are intended to comply with certain requirements of Sections 1.704-1(b) and 1.704-2 of the Treasury Regulations. The Regulatory Allocations may not be consistent with the manner in which the Members intend to allocate Profit and Loss of the Company or make Distributions. Accordingly, notwithstanding the other provisions of this Article V , but subject to the Regulatory Allocations, income, gain, deduction and loss shall be reallocated among the Members so as to eliminate the effect of the Regulatory Allocations and thereby cause the respective Capital Accounts of the Members to be in the amounts (or as close thereto as possible) they would have been if Profit and Loss (and such other items of income, gain, deduction and loss) had been allocated without reference to the Regulatory Allocations. In general, the Members anticipate that this will be accomplished by specially allocating other Profit and Loss (and such other items of income, gain, deduction and loss) among the Members so that the net amount of the Regulatory Allocations and such special allocations to each such Member is zero. In addition, if in any Taxable Year or other Fiscal Period there is a decrease in Company Minimum Gain, or in Member Minimum Gain, and application of the minimum gain chargeback requirements set forth in Section  5.03(a) or Section  5.03(b) would cause a distortion in the economic arrangement among the Members, the Members may, if they do not expect that the Company will have sufficient other income to correct such distortion, request the Internal Revenue Service to waive either or both of such minimum gain chargeback requirements. If such request is granted, this Agreement shall be applied in such instance as if it did not contain such minimum gain chargeback requirement.
 Section 5.04 Tax Allocations .
(a) The income, gains, losses, deductions and credits of the Company will be allocated, for U.S. federal (and applicable state and local) income tax purposes, among the Members in accordance with the allocation of such income, gains, losses, deductions and credits among the Members for computing their Capital Accounts; provided that if any such allocation is not permitted by the Code or other applicable Law, the Company’s subsequent income, gains, losses, deductions and credits will be allocated among the Members so as to reflect as nearly as possible the allocation set forth herein in computing their Capital Accounts.
(b) Items of Company taxable income, gain, loss and deduction with respect to any property contributed to the capital of the Company shall be allocated among the Members in accordance with Code Section 704(c) so as to take account of any variation between the adjusted basis of such property to the Company for U.S. federal income tax purposes and its Book Value in a manner consistent with Code Section 704(c) and the applicable Regulations using any method approved under Section 704(c) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder as mutually agreed to by the Manager and APHC (or its successor). If the Manager and APHC (or its successor) are unable to agree on such a method, the variation shall be taken into account using the “traditional method,” as described in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-3(b).
 
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(c) If the Book Value of any Company asset is adjusted pursuant to Section  5.01(b) , subsequent allocations of items of taxable income, gain, loss and deduction with respect to such asset shall take account of any variation between the adjusted basis of such asset for U.S. federal income tax purposes and its Book Value in a manner consistent with Code Section 704(c) and the applicable Regulations using any method approved under Section 704(c) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder as mutually agreed to by the Manager and APHC (or its successor). If the Manager and APHC (or its successor) are unable to agree on such a method, the variation shall be taken into account using the “traditional method,” as described in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-3(b).
(d) In the event of a Transfer of Units, Profits and Losses and other items of income, gain, loss and deduction of the Company attributable to such transferred Units for the Fiscal Period in which such Transfer occurs shall be determined using either the interim closing of the books method or the proration method, as mutually agreed to by the Corporation and APHC (or its successor) for so long as APHC (or its successor) remains a Member and at the election of the Corporation thereafter.
(e) If, as a result of an exercise of a noncompensatory option to acquire an interest in the Company, a Capital Account reallocation is required under Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)( s )(3), the Company shall make corrective allocations pursuant to Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(4)(x).
(f) Allocations of tax credits, tax credit recapture, and any items related thereto shall be allocated to the Members pro rata as determined by the Manager taking into account the principles of Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(4)(ii).
(g) Each Member’s share of the Company’s “excess nonrecourse liabilities” shall be determined in accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.752-3(a)(3) using a method mutually agreed to by the Manager and APHC (or its successor). If the Manager and APHC (or its successor) are unable to agree on such a method, the Company’s excess nonrecourse liabilities shall be allocated to the Members using the “additional method,” as described in Treasury Regulations Section 1.752-3(a)(3).
(h) Allocations pursuant to this Section  5.04 are solely for purposes of U.S. federal (and applicable state and local) income taxes and shall not affect, or in any way be taken into account in computing, any Member’s Capital Account or share of Profits, Losses, Distributions or other Company items pursuant to any provision of this Agreement.
 Section 5.05 Withholding; Reimbursement for Payments on Behalf of a Member . The Company and its Subsidiaries may withhold from distributions, allocations or portions thereof if it is required to do so by any applicable Law, and each Member hereby authorizes the Company and its Subsidiaries to withhold or pay on behalf of or with respect to such Member any amount of U.S. federal, state, or local or non-U.S. taxes that the Manager determines, in good faith, that the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is required to withhold or pay with respect to any amount distributable or allocable to such Member pursuant to this Agreement. In addition, if the Company is obligated to pay any other amount to a Governmental Entity (or otherwise makes a payment to a Governmental Entity) that is specifically attributable to a Member (including U.S. federal income taxes as a result of Company obligations pursuant to the Revised Partnership Audit Provisions with respect to items of income, gain, loss deduction or credit allocable or attributable to such Member, state personal property taxes and state unincorporated business taxes, but excluding payments such as professional association fees and the like made voluntarily by the Company on behalf of any Member based upon such Member’s status as an employee of the Company), then such tax shall be treated as an amount of taxes withheld or paid with respect to such Member pursuant to this Section  5.05 . For all purposes under this Agreement, any amounts withheld or paid with respect to a Member pursuant to this Section  5.05 shall be treated as having been distributed to such Member at the time such withholding or payment is made. Further, to the extent that the cumulative amount of such withholding or payment for any period exceeds the distributions to which such Member is entitled for such period, such Member shall reimburse the Company in full for the amount of such excess. The Manager may offset Distributions to
 
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which a Person is otherwise entitled under this Agreement against such Person’s obligation to reimburse the Company under this Section  5.05 . A Member’s obligation to reimburse the Company under this Section  5.05 shall survive the termination, dissolution, liquidation and winding up of the Company, and for purposes of this Section  5.05 , the Company shall be treated as continuing in existence. The Company may pursue and enforce all rights and remedies it may have against each Member under this Section  5.05 , including instituting a lawsuit to collect amounts owed under such reimbursement obligation with interest accruing from the date such withholding or payment is made by the Company at a rate per annum equal to the Base Rate (but not in excess of the highest rate per annum permitted by Law). Any income from such reimbursement (and interest) shall not be allocated to or distributed to the Member reimbursing such amount (and interest). Each Member hereby agrees to furnish to the Company such information and forms as required or reasonably requested in order to comply with any laws and regulations governing withholding of tax or in order to claim any reduced rate of, or exemption from, withholding to which the Member is legally entitled.
 ARTICLE VI
MANAGEMENT
 Section 6.01 Authority of Manager .
(a) Except for situations in which the approval of any Member(s) is specifically required by this Agreement and for situations in which the approval of the Conflicts Committee is required pursuant to the Stockholders Agreement, or as otherwise provided in this Agreement, (i) all management powers over the business and affairs of the Company shall be exclusively vested in the Corporation, as the sole managing member of the Company (the Corporation, in such capacity, or any other Person appointed in accordance with Section  6.04 , the “ Manager ”) and (ii) the Manager shall conduct, direct and exercise full control over all activities of the Company. The Manager shall be the “manager” of the Company for the purposes of the Delaware Act. Except as otherwise expressly provided for herein and subject to the other provisions of this Agreement, the Members hereby consent to the exercise by the Manager of all such powers and rights conferred on the Members by the Delaware Act with respect to the management and control of the Company. Any vacancies in the position of Manager shall be filled in accordance with Section  6.04 .
(b) The day-to-day business and operations of the Company shall be overseen and implemented by officers of the Company (each, an “ Officer ” and collectively, the “ Officers ”), subject to the limitations imposed by the Manager. An Officer may, but need not, be a Member. Each Officer shall be appointed by the Manager and shall hold office until his or her successor shall be duly designated and shall qualify or until his or her death or until he or she shall resign or shall have been removed in the manner hereinafter provided. Any one Person may hold more than one office. Subject to the other provisions in this Agreement (including in Section  6.07 below), the salaries or other compensation, if any, of the Officers of the Company shall be fixed from time to time by the Manager. The authority and responsibility of the Officers shall include, but not be limited to, such duties as the Manager may, from time to time, delegate to them and the carrying out of the Company’s business and affairs on a day-to-day basis. An Officer may also perform one or more roles as an officer of the Manager. The Manager may remove any Officer from office at any time, with or without cause. If any vacancy shall occur in any office, for any reason whatsoever, then the Manager shall have the right to appoint a new Officer to fill the vacancy. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, at the Effective Time, the Manager shall appoint the chief executive officer of the Corporation to serve as the chief executive officer of the Company until his death or until he shall resign or shall have been removed by the Manager in the manner provided herein.
(c) Subject to the other provisions of this Agreement, the Manager shall have the power and authority to effectuate the sale, lease, transfer, exchange or other disposition of any, all or substantially all of the assets of the Company (including the exercise or grant of any conversion, option, privilege or subscription right or any other right available in connection with any assets at any time held by the Company) or the merger, consolidation, reorganization or other combination of the Company with or into another entity.
 
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 Section 6.02 Actions of the Manager . The Manager may act through any Officer or through any other Person or Persons to whom authority and duties have been delegated pursuant to Section  6.07 .
 Section 6.03 Resignation; No Removal . The Corporation shall not, by any means, resign as, cease to be or be replaced as the Manager except in compliance with this Section  6.03 . No termination or replacement of the Corporation as the Manager shall be effective unless proper provision is made, in compliance with this Agreement, so that the obligations of the Corporation (or its successor, if applicable) and any new Manager and the rights of all Members under this Agreement and applicable Law remain in full force and effect. No appointment of a Person other than the Corporation (or its successor, as applicable) as the Manager shall be effective unless the Corporation (or its successor, as applicable) and the new Manager (as applicable) provide all of the other Members with contractual rights, directly enforceable by such other Members against the Corporation (or its successor, as applicable) and the new Manager (as applicable), to cause (a) the Corporation to comply with all of the Corporation’s obligations under this Agreement (including its obligations under Article XI ) other than those that must necessarily be taken in its capacity as the Manager and (b) the new Manager to comply with all of the Manager’s obligations under this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, the Members have no right under this Agreement to remove or replace the Manager.
 Section 6.04 Vacancies . Vacancies in the position of Manager occurring for any reason shall be filled by the Corporation (or, if the Corporation has ceased to exist without any successor or assign, then by the holders of a majority in interest of the voting capital stock of the Corporation immediately prior to such cessation). For the avoidance of doubt, the Members (other than the Corporation) have no right under this Agreement to fill any vacancy in the position of Manager.
 Section 6.05 Transactions Between Company and Manager . The Manager may cause the Company to contract and deal with the Manager, or any Affiliate of the Manager; provided that such contracts and dealings are on terms comparable to and competitive with those available to the Company from others dealing at arm’s length or are approved by the Members (other than the Manager and its controlled Affiliates) holding a majority of the Units (excluding Units held by the Manager and its controlled Affiliates) then outstanding and, in any case, would not violate any provisions of or result in a default (or an event that, with notice or the lapse of time or both, would constitute a default) under the Credit Agreement; and provided , further , that any such contracts and dealings that are deemed Related Party Transactions (as defined in the Stockholders Agreement) shall be subject to Conflicts Committee approval.
 Section 6.06 Reimbursement for Expenses . The Manager shall not be compensated for its services as Manager of the Company except as expressly provided in this Agreement. The Members acknowledge and agree that the Manager’s Class A Common Stock is and will continue to be publicly traded and therefore the Manager will have access to the public capital markets and that such status and the services performed by the Manager will inure to the benefit of the Company and all Members; therefore, the Manager shall be reimbursed by the Company for any reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred on behalf of the Company, including all fees, expenses and costs of being a public company (including public reporting obligations, proxy statements, stockholder meetings, stock exchange fees, transfer agent fees, SEC and FINRA filing fees and offering expenses) and maintaining its existence as a separate legal entity, but excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, any payment obligations of the Corporation under the Tax Receivable Agreement. In the event that (i) shares of Class A Common Stock were sold to underwriters in the initial public offering of the Corporation or are sold to underwriters in any public offering after the Effective Time, in each case, at a price per share that is lower than the price per share for which such shares of Class A Common Stock are sold to the public in such public offering after taking into account underwriters’ discounts or commissions and brokers’ fees or commissions (such difference, the “ Discount ”) and (ii) the proceeds from such public offering are used to fund the Cash Settlement for any Redeemed Units or otherwise contributed to the Company, the Company shall reimburse the Manager for such Discount by treating such Discount as an additional Capital Contribution made by the Manager to the Company, issuing Common Units in respect of such deemed Capital Contribution in accordance with Section  11.02 , and increasing the Manager’s Capital Account by the amount of such Discount. To the extent
 
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practicable, expenses incurred by the Manager on behalf of or for the benefit of the Company shall be billed directly to and paid by the Company and, if and to the extent any reimbursements to the Manager or any of its Affiliates by the Company pursuant to this Section  6.06 constitute gross income to such Person (as opposed to the repayment of advances made by such Person on behalf of the Company), such amounts shall be treated as “guaranteed payments” within the meaning of Code Section 707(c) and shall not be treated as distributions for purposes of computing the Members’ Capital Accounts.
 Section 6.07 Delegation of Authority . The Manager (a) may, from time to time, delegate to one or more Persons such authority and duties as the Manager may deem advisable, and (b) may assign titles (including chief executive officer, president, chief executive officer, chief financial officers, chief operating officer, vice president, secretary, assistant secretary, treasurer or assistant treasurer) and delegate certain authority and duties to such Persons as the same may be amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time. Any number of titles may be held by the same individual. The salaries or other compensation, if any, of such agents of the Company shall be fixed from time to time by the Manager, subject to the other provisions in this Agreement.
 Section 6.08 Limitation of Liability of Manager .
(a) Except as otherwise provided herein or in an agreement entered into by such Person and the Company, neither the Manager nor any of the Manager’s Affiliates shall be liable to the Company or to any Member that is not the Manager for any act or omission performed or omitted by the Manager in its capacity as the sole managing member of the Company pursuant to authority granted to the Manager by this Agreement; provided, however , that, except as otherwise provided herein, such limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent the act or omission was attributable to the Manager’s or its Affiliates’ or their respective agents’ bad faith, willful misconduct or violation of Law in which the Manager or such Affiliate or their respective agents acted with knowledge that its conduct was unlawful, or for any present or future breaches of any representations, warranties, covenants or obligations by the Manager or its Affiliates contained herein or in the other agreements with the Company. The Manager may exercise any of the powers granted to it by this Agreement and perform any of the duties imposed upon it hereunder either directly or by or through its agents, and, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable Law, shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any such agent (so long as such agent was selected in good faith and with reasonable care). The Manager shall be entitled to rely upon the advice of legal counsel, independent public accountants and other experts, including financial advisors, and any act of or failure to act by the Manager in good faith reliance on such advice shall in no event subject the Manager to liability to the Company or any Member that is not the Manager.
(b) Subject to Section  6.11 , whenever in this Agreement the Manager is permitted or required to take any action or to make a decision in its “good faith” or under another express standard, the Manager shall act under such express standard and, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable Law, shall not be subject to any other or different standards imposed by this Agreement or any other agreement contemplated herein, and, notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, so long as the Manager acts in good faith, the resolution, action or terms so made, taken or provided by the Manager shall not constitute a breach of this Agreement or any other agreement contemplated herein or impose liability upon the Manager or any of the Manager’s Affiliates.
 Section 6.09 Investment Company Act . The Manager shall use its best efforts to ensure that the Company shall not be subject to registration as an investment company pursuant to the Investment Company Act.
 Section 6.10 Outside Activities of the Manager . The Manager shall not, directly or indirectly, enter into or conduct any business or operations, other than in connection with (a) the ownership, acquisition and disposition of Common Units, (b) the management of the business and affairs of the Company and its Subsidiaries, (c) the operation of the Manager as a reporting company with a class (or classes) of securities registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act and listed on a securities exchange, (d) the offering, sale, syndication, private
 
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placement or public offering of stock, bonds, securities or other interests, (e) financing or refinancing of any type related to the Company, its Subsidiaries or their assets or activities, and (f) such activities as are incidental to the foregoing; provided, however , that, except as otherwise provided herein, the net proceeds of any sale of Equity Securities of the Corporation pursuant to the preceding clauses (d) and (e) shall be made available to the Company as Capital Contributions and the proceeds of any other financing raised by the Manager pursuant to the preceding clauses (d) and (e) shall be made available to the Company as loans or otherwise as appropriate and, provided further , that the Manager may, in its sole and absolute discretion, from time to time hold or acquire assets in its own name or otherwise other than through the Company and its Subsidiaries so long as the Manager takes all necessary measures to ensure that the economic benefits and burdens of such assets are otherwise vested in the Company or its Subsidiaries, through assignment, mortgage loan or otherwise. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to prohibit the Manager from executing any guarantee of indebtedness of the Company or its Subsidiaries.
 Section 6.11 Standard of Care . Subject to the second sentence of this Section  6.11 , the Manager shall, in connection with the performance of its duties in its capacity as the Manager, have the same fiduciary duties to the Company and the Members as would be owed to a Delaware corporation and its stockholders by its directors, and shall be entitled to the benefit of the same presumptions in carrying out such duties as would be afforded to a director of a Delaware corporation (as such duties and presumptions are defined, described and explained under the Laws of the State of Delaware as in effect from time to time). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this Agreement, the Manager shall not be liable to the Company or its Members for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duty that would be owed to a Delaware corporation and its stockholders by its directors; provided , however , that this, limitation of liability shall not eliminate or limit the liabilities of the Manager for any breach of the duty of loyalty to the Company or its Members or for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law. The provisions of this Agreement, to the extent that they restrict or eliminate the duties (including fiduciary duties) and liabilities of the Manager otherwise existing at law or in equity, are agreed by the Members to replace, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable Law, such other duties and liabilities of the Manager.
 ARTICLE VII
RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF MEMBERS
 Section 7.01 Limitation of Liability and Duties of Members; Investment Opportunities .
(a) Except as provided in this Agreement or in the Delaware Act, no Member (including the Manager) shall be obligated personally for any debt, obligation or liability solely by reason of being a Member or acting as the Manager of the Company; provided that, in the case of the Manager, and subject to the second sentence of Section  6.11 , this sentence shall not in any manner limit the liability of the Manager to the Company or any Member (other than the Manager) attributable to a breach by the Manager of any obligations of the Manager under this Agreement. Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, the failure of the Company to observe any formalities or requirements relating to the exercise of its powers or management of its business and affairs under this Agreement or the Delaware Act shall not be grounds for imposing personal liability on the Members for liabilities of the Company.
(b) In accordance with the Delaware Act and the laws of the State of Delaware, a Member may, under certain circumstances, be required to return amounts previously distributed to such Member. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable Law, it is the intent of the Members that no Distribution to any Member pursuant to Article IV shall be deemed a return of money or other property paid or distributed in violation of the Delaware Act. The payment of any such money or Distribution of any such property to a Member shall be deemed to be a compromise within the meaning of Section 18-502(b) of the Delaware Act, and, to the fullest extent permitted by Law, any Member receiving any such money or property shall not be required to return any such money or property to the Company or any other Person. However, if any court of competent jurisdiction holds that,
 
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notwithstanding the provisions of this Agreement, any Member is obligated to make any such payment, such obligation shall be the obligation of such Member and not of any other Member.
(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement (subject to Section  6.08 and except as set forth in Section  6.11 , in each case, with respect to the Manager), to the extent that, at law or in equity, any Member (or such Member’s Affiliate or any manager, managing member, general partner, director, officer, employee, agent, fiduciary or trustee of such Member or of any Affiliate of such Member (each Person described in this parenthetical, a “ Related Person ”)) has duties (including fiduciary duties (other than any fiduciary duty owed by such Member or Related Person to the Corporation)) to the Company, to the Manager, to another Member, to any Person who acquires an interest in a Company Interest or to any other Person bound by this Agreement, all such duties are hereby eliminated, to the fullest extent permitted by law, and replaced with the duties or standards expressly set forth herein, if any. The elimination of duties to the Company, the Manager, each of the Members, each other Person who acquires an interest in a Company Interest and each other Person bound by this Agreement and replacement thereof with the duties or standards expressly set forth herein, if any, are approved by the Company, the Manager, each of the Members, each other Person who acquires an interest in a Company Interest and each other Person bound by this Agreement.
(d) Notwithstanding any duty (including any fiduciary duty) otherwise applicable at law or in equity, the doctrine of corporate opportunity, or any analogous doctrine, will not apply to any Member (including the Corporation in its capacity as a Member or as Manager) or to any Related Person of such Member, and no Member (or any Related Person of such Member) that acquires knowledge of a potential transaction, agreement, arrangement or other matter that may be an opportunity for the Company or the Members will have any duty to communicate or offer such opportunity to the Company or the Members, or to develop any particular investment, and such Person will not be liable to the Company or the Members for breach of any fiduciary or other duty (other than any fiduciary duty owed by such Person to the Corporation) by reason of the fact that such Person pursues or acquires for, or directs such opportunity to, another Person or does not communicate such investment opportunity to the Members. Notwithstanding any duty (including any fiduciary duty (other than any fiduciary duty owed to the Corporation)) otherwise applicable at law or in equity, neither the Company nor any Member has any rights or obligations by virtue of this Agreement or the relationships created hereby in or to such independent ventures or the income or profits or losses derived therefrom, and the pursuit of any such ventures outside the Company, even if competitive with the activities of the Company or the Members, will not be deemed wrongful or improper.
 Section 7.02 Lack of Authority . No Member, other than the Manager or a duly appointed Officer, in each case in its capacity as such, has the authority or power to act for or on behalf of the Company, to do any act that would be binding on the Company or to make any expenditure on behalf of the Company. The Members hereby consent to the exercise by the Manager of the powers conferred on the Manager by Law and this Agreement.
 Section 7.03 No Right of Partition . No Member shall have the right to seek or obtain partition by court decree or operation of Law of any Company property, or the right to own or use particular or individual assets of the Company.
 Section 7.04 Indemnification .
(a) Subject to Section  5.05 , the Company hereby agrees to indemnify and hold harmless any Person (each an “ Indemnified Person ”) to the fullest extent permitted under the Delaware Act, as the same now exists or may hereafter be amended, substituted or replaced (but, in the case of any such amendment, substitution or replacement only to the extent that such amendment, substitution or replacement permits the Company to provide broader indemnification rights than the Company is providing immediately prior to such amendment), against all expenses, liabilities, damages and losses (including attorneys’ fees, judgments, amounts paid in settlement, fines, excise taxes, interest or penalties) reasonably incurred or suffered by such Person (or one or more of such Person’s Affiliates) by reason of the fact that such Person is or was serving as the Manager or Officer of the
 
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Company or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a manager, officer, director, principal or member of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust or other enterprise; provided, however , that no Indemnified Person shall be indemnified for any expenses, liabilities and losses suffered that are attributable to such Indemnified Person’s or its Affiliates’ bad faith, willful misconduct or violation of Law in which such Indemnified Person or such Affiliate acted with knowledge that its conduct was unlawful, or for any present or future breaches of any representations, warranties, covenants or obligations by such Indemnified Person or its Affiliates contained herein or in the other agreements with the Company. Expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred by any such Indemnified Person in defending a proceeding shall be paid by the Company in advance of the final disposition of such proceeding, including any appeal therefrom, upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such Indemnified Person to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such Indemnified Person is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company.
(b) The right to indemnification and the advancement of expenses conferred in this Section  7.04 shall not be exclusive of any other right which any Person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, agreement, bylaw, action by the Manager or otherwise.
(c) The Company shall maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, or substantially equivalent insurance, at its expense, to protect any Indemnified Person (and the investment funds, if any, they represent) against any expense, liability or loss described in Section  7.04(a) whether or not the Company would have the power to indemnify such Indemnified Person against such expense, liability or loss under the provisions of this Section  7.04 . The Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to purchase and maintain property, casualty and liability insurance in types and at levels customary for companies of similar size engaged in similar lines of business, as determined in good faith by the Manager, and the Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to purchase directors’ and officers’ liability insurance (including employment practices coverage) with a carrier and in an amount that is necessary or desirable as determined in good faith by the Manager.
(d) Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in this Agreement, the indemnification and advancement of expenses to be provided by the Company pursuant to this Section  7.04 shall be provided out of and to the extent of Company assets only and no Member (unless such Member otherwise agrees in writing or is found in a final decision by a court of competent jurisdiction to have personal liability on account thereof) shall have personal liability on account thereof or shall be required to make additional Capital Contributions to help satisfy such indemnity of the Company.
(e) If this Section  7.04 or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the Company shall nevertheless indemnify and hold harmless each Indemnified Person pursuant to this Section  7.04 to the fullest extent permitted by any applicable portion of this Section   7.04 that shall not have been invalidated and to the fullest extent permitted by applicable Law.
 Section 7.05 Members Right to Act . For matters that require the approval of the Members, the Members shall act through meetings and written consents as described in paragraphs (a) and (b) below:
(a) Except as otherwise expressly provided by this Agreement, acts by the Members holding a majority of the outstanding Units, voting together as a single class, shall be the acts of the Members. Any Member entitled to vote at a meeting of Members may authorize another person or persons to act for it by proxy. An electronic mail, telegram, telex, cablegram or similar transmission by the Member, or a photographic, photostatic, facsimile or similar reproduction of a writing executed by the Member shall (if stated thereon) be treated as a proxy executed in writing for purposes of this Section  7.05(a) . No proxy shall be voted or acted upon after eleven (11) months from the date thereof, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. A proxy shall be revocable unless the proxy form conspicuously states that the proxy is irrevocable and that the proxy is coupled with an interest. Should a proxy designate two or more Persons to act as proxies, unless that instrument shall provide to the contrary, a majority of such Persons present at any meeting at which their powers thereunder are to be exercised shall have
 
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and may exercise all the powers of voting or giving consents thereby conferred, or, if only one be present, then such powers may be exercised by that one; or, if an even number attend and a majority do not agree on any particular issue, the Company shall not be required to recognize such proxy with respect to such issue if such proxy does not specify how the votes that are the subject of such proxy are to be voted with respect to such issue.
(b) The actions by the Members permitted hereunder may be taken at a meeting called by the Manager or by the Members holding a majority of the Units entitled to vote on such matter on at least forty eight (48) hours’ prior written notice to the other Members entitled to vote, which notice shall state the purpose or purposes for which such meeting is being called. The actions taken by the Members entitled to vote or consent at any meeting (as opposed to by written consent), however called and noticed, shall be as valid as though taken at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice if (but not until), either before, at or after the meeting, the Members entitled to vote or consent as to whom it was improperly held signs a written waiver of notice or a consent to the holding of such meeting or an approval of the minutes thereof. The actions by the Members entitled to vote or consent may be taken by vote of the Members entitled to vote or consent at a meeting or by written consent, so long as such consent is signed by Members having not less than the minimum number of Units that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all Members entitled to vote thereon were present and voted. Prompt notice of the action so taken, which shall state the purpose or purposes for which such consent is required and may be delivered via email, without a meeting shall be given to those Members entitled to vote or consent who have not consented in writing; provided, however , that the failure to give any such notice shall not affect the validity of the action taken by such written consent. Any action taken pursuant to such written consent of the Members shall have the same force and effect as if taken by the Members at a meeting thereof.
 Section 7.06 Inspection Rights . The Company shall permit each Member and each of its designated representatives to (i) visit and inspect any of the properties of the Company and its Subsidiaries, all at reasonable times and upon reasonable notice, (ii) examine the corporate and financial records of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and make copies thereof or extracts therefrom, (iii) consult with the managers, officers, employees and independent accountants of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries concerning the affairs, finances and accounts of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. The presentation of an executed copy of this Agreement by any Member to the Company’s independent accountants shall constitute the Company’s permission to its independent accountants to participate in discussions with such Persons and their respective designated representatives.
 ARTICLE VIII
BOOKS, RECORDS, ACCOUNTING AND REPORTS, AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS
 Section 8.01 Records and Accounting . The Company shall keep, or cause to be kept, appropriate books and records with respect to the Company’s business, including all books and records necessary to provide any information, lists and copies of documents required to be provided pursuant to Section  9.01 or pursuant to applicable Laws. All matters concerning (a) the determination of the relative amount of allocations and Distributions among the Members pursuant to Articles III and IV and (b) accounting procedures and determinations, and other determinations not specifically and expressly provided for by the terms of this Agreement, shall be determined by the Manager, whose determination shall be final and conclusive as to all of the Members absent manifest clerical error.
 Section 8.02 Fiscal Year . The Fiscal Year of the Company shall end on December 31 of each year or such other date as may be established by the Manager; provided that the Company shall have the same Fiscal Year for accounting purposes as its Taxable Year for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
 
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 ARTICLE IX
TAX MATTERS
 Section 9.01 Preparation of Tax Returns . The Manager shall arrange, at the Company’s expense, for the preparation and timely filing of all tax returns required to be filed by the Company. On or before March 15, June 15, September 15, and December 15 of each Taxable Year, the Company shall send to each Person who was a Member at any time during the prior quarter, an estimate of such Member’s state tax apportionment information and allocations to the Members of taxable income, gains, losses, deductions and credits for the prior quarter, which estimate shall have been reviewed by the Company’s outside tax accountants. The Company shall send to each Person who was a Member at any time during such Taxable Year, a statement showing such Member’s (A) final state tax apportionment information, (B) allocations to the Members of taxable income, gains, losses, deductions and credits for such Taxable Year, (C) a completed IRS Schedule K-1 and (D) all other information reasonably requested and necessary for the preparation of such Person’s U.S. federal (and applicable state and local) income tax returns. The Company shall make commercially reasonable efforts to send the information set forth in the preceding sentence no later than the later of (i) April 15 following the end of the prior Taxable Year, and (ii) thirty (30) Business Days after the issuance of the final financial statement report for a Fiscal Year by the Company’s auditors; provided , however , that in no event shall such information be delivered later than one-hundred fifty (150) days following the end of the prior Taxable Year. Each Member shall notify the Company, and the Company shall take reasonable efforts to notify each of the other Members, upon receipt of any notice of tax examination of the Company by U.S. federal, state or local authorities. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, in its capacity as Tax Matters Partner or Partnership Representative (as applicable), the Corporation shall have the authority to prepare the tax returns of the Company using the elections set forth in Section  9.02 and such other permissible methods and elections as it determines in its reasonable discretion.
 Section 9.02 Tax Elections . The Company and any eligible Subsidiary shall make an election pursuant to Section 754 of the Code, shall not thereafter revoke such election and shall make a new election pursuant to Section 754 to the extent necessary following any “termination” of the Company or the Subsidiary under Section 708 of the Code. In addition, the Company (and any eligible Subsidiary) shall make the following elections on the appropriate forms or tax returns:
(a) to adopt the calendar year as the Company’s Taxable Year, if permitted under the Code;
(b) to adopt the accrual method of accounting for U.S. federal income tax purposes; and
(c) to elect to amortize the organizational expenses of the Company as permitted by Code Section 709(b).
Each Member will upon request supply any information reasonably necessary to give proper effect to any such elections.
 Section 9.03 Tax Controversies .
(a) With respect to Tax Years beginning on or before December 31, 2017, the Corporation is hereby designated the Tax Matters Partner of the Company, within the meaning given to such term in Section 6231 of the Code (the Corporation, in such capacity, the “ Tax Matters Partner ”) and is authorized and required to represent the Company (at the Company’s expense) in connection with all examinations of the Company’s affairs by tax authorities, including resulting administrative and judicial proceedings, and to expend Company funds for professional services reasonably incurred in connection therewith. Each Member agrees to cooperate with the Company and to do or refrain from doing any or all things reasonably requested by the Company with respect to the conduct of such proceedings. The Tax Matters Partners shall keep all Members fully advised on a current basis of any contacts by or discussions with the tax authorities, and the Members shall have the right to observe and participate through representatives of their own choosing (at their sole expense) in any tax proceedings. Nothing herein shall diminish, limit or restrict the rights of any Member under Subchapter C, Chapter 63, Subtitle F of the Code (Code Sections 6221 et seq.).
 
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(b) With respect to Tax Years beginning after December 31, 2017, pursuant to the Revised Partnership Audit Provisions, the Corporation shall be designated and may, on behalf of the Company, at any time, and without further notice to or consent from any Member, act as the “partnership representative” of the Company, within the meaning given to such term in Section 6223 of the Code (the Corporation, in such capacity, the “ Partnership Representative ”) for purposes of the Code. The Partnership Representative shall have the right and obligation to take all actions authorized and required, respectively, by the Code for the Partnership Representative, and is authorized and required to represent the Company (at the Company’s expense) in connection with all examinations of the Company’s affairs by tax authorities, including resulting administrative and judicial proceedings, and to expend Company funds for professional services reasonably incurred in connection therewith. Each Member agrees to cooperate with the Company and to do or refrain from doing any or all things reasonably requested by the Company with respect to the conduct of such proceedings. The Partnership Representative shall keep all Members fully advised on a current basis of any contacts by or discussions with the tax authorities, and the Members shall have the right to observe and participate through representatives of their own choosing (at their sole expense) in any tax proceedings. Nothing herein shall diminish, limit or restrict the rights of any Member under the Revised Partnership Audit Provisions.
 Section 9.04 Liabilities . The Manager shall make commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that all indebtedness that for U.S. federal income tax purposes is treated as indebtedness of the Company or any of its direct or indirect Subsidiaries that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes are nonrecourse liabilities within the meaning of Treasury Regulations Section 1.752-1(a)(2).
 ARTICLE X
RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER OF UNITS
 Section 10.01 Transfers by Members . No holder of Units may Transfer any interest in any Units, except Transfers (a) pursuant to and in accordance with Section  10.02 or (b) approved in writing by the Manager (other than any Transfer by the Manager). Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) “Transfer” shall not include an event that terminates the existence of a Member for income tax purposes (including, without limitation, a change in entity classification of a Member under Treasury Regulations Section 301.7701-3, termination of a partnership pursuant to Section 708(b)(1)(B) of the Code, a sale of assets by, or liquidation of, a Member pursuant to an election under Section 338 of the Code, or merger, severance, or allocation within a trust or among sub-trusts of a trust that is a Member), but that does not terminate the existence of such Member under applicable state law (or, in the case of a trust that is a Member, does not terminate the trusteeship of the fiduciaries under such trust with respect to all the Company Interests of such trust that is a Member) and (ii) this Article X shall not restrict any Redemption pursuant to Section  11.01 or exchange pursuant to Section   11.03 .
 Section 10.02 Permitted Transfers . The restrictions contained in Section  10.01 shall not apply to any Transfer (each, a “ Permitted Transfer ”) (i) by a Member to an Affiliate of such Member, (ii) by any Original Member or any direct or (through a subsequent transfer) indirect transferee of such Original Member (A) with the prior written consent of the Conflicts Committee, (B) in response to a tender or exchange offer that has been approved or recommended by the Corporate Board, (C) in connection with any Company Sale (as defined in the Stockholders Agreement), (D) that is an individual, (1) to such Original Member’s (or such transferee’s) spouse, (2) to such Original Member’s (or such transferee’s) lineal ancestors, lineal descendants, siblings, cousins or the spouses thereof, (3) to trusts for the benefit of such Original Member (or such transferee) or such persons, (4) to foundations established by such Original Member (or such transferee) or such persons or Affiliates thereof or (5) by way of bequest or inheritance upon death, (E) that is an entity, to such Original Member’s (or such transferee’s) members, partners or other equity holders or (F) of up to a total of 60,000,000 Common Units (as adjusted for any equity split, equity distribution, recapitalization, combination, reclassification or similar change in the capital structure of the Company following the date hereof) in the aggregate for all Members collectively pursuant to one or more PIPE Transactions (as defined in the Stockholders Agreement) (without duplication of the foregoing clauses (A) through (E)) or (iii) pursuant to a Redemption or Direct Exchange in accordance with
 
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Article XI hereof; provided, however , that the restrictions contained in this Agreement shall continue to apply to Units after any Permitted Transfer of such Units. In the case of any Permitted Transfer in accordance with clauses (i) or (ii) of the definition of “Permitted Transfer”, (A) the transferor shall deliver a written notice to the Company and the Members, which notice will disclose in reasonable detail the identity of the proposed transferee, and (B) any such transferees of Units Transferred in such Permitted Transfer shall agree in writing to be bound by the provisions of this Agreement. In the case of a Permitted Transfer (other than a Redemption or Direct Exchange) by any Original Member of Common Units to a transferee in accordance with this Section  10.02 , such Member (or any subsequent transferee of such Member) shall be required to also Transfer a number of shares of Class B Common Stock corresponding to the number of such Member’s (or subsequent transferee’s) Common Units that were Transferred in the transaction to such transferee; and, in the case of a Redemption or Direct Exchange, a number of shares of Class B Common Stock corresponding to the number of such Member’s Common Units that were Transferred in such Redemption or Direct Exchange shall be cancelled. All Permitted Transfers are subject to the additional limitations set forth in Section  10.07(b) hereof (other than Section  10.07(b)(iii) ) and Section 4.1 of the Stockholders Agreement.
 Section 10.03 Restricted Units Legend . The Units have not been registered under the Securities Act and, therefore, in addition to the other restrictions on Transfer contained in this Agreement, cannot be sold unless subsequently registered under the Securities Act or an exemption from such registration is then available. To the extent such Units have been certificated, each certificate evidencing Units and each certificate issued in exchange for or upon the Transfer of any Units (if such securities remain Units as defined herein after such Transfer) shall be stamped or otherwise imprinted with a legend in substantially the following form:
“THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE WERE ORIGINALLY ISSUED ON [        ], 2017, AND HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “ ACT ”), AND MAY NOT BE SOLD OR TRANSFERRED IN THE ABSENCE OF AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE ACT OR AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION THEREUNDER. THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE ARE ALSO SUBJECT TO ADDITIONAL RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER SPECIFIED IN THE THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT OF AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS LLC, AS MAY BE AMENDED AND MODIFIED FROM TIME TO TIME, AND AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS LLC RESERVES THE RIGHT TO REFUSE THE TRANSFER OF SUCH SECURITIES UNTIL SUCH CONDITIONS HAVE BEEN FULFILLED WITH RESPECT TO ANY TRANSFER. A COPY OF SUCH CONDITIONS SHALL BE FURNISHED BY AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS LLC TO THE HOLDER HEREOF UPON WRITTEN REQUEST AND WITHOUT CHARGE.”
The Company shall imprint such legend on certificates (if any) evidencing Units. The legend set forth above shall be removed from the certificates (if any) evidencing any units which cease to be Units in accordance with the definition thereof.
 Section 10.04 Transfer . Prior to Transferring any Units (other than (i) in connection with a Redemption or Direct Exchange in accordance with Article XI or (ii) pursuant to a Change of Control Transaction), the Transferring holder of Units shall cause the prospective transferee to be bound by this Agreement and any other agreements executed by the holders of Units and relating to such Units in the aggregate (collectively, the “ Other Agreements ”), and shall cause the prospective transferee to execute and deliver to the Company and the other holders of Units a Joinder (or other counterpart to this Agreement reasonably acceptable to the Manager) and counterparts of any applicable Other Agreements. Any Transfer or attempted Transfer of any Units in violation of any provision of this Agreement (including any prohibited indirect Transfers) (a) shall be void, and (b) the Company shall not record such Transfer on its books or treat any purported transferee of such Units as the owner of such securities for any purpose.
 
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 Section 10.05 Assignee ’ s Rights .
(a) The Transfer of a Company Interest in accordance with this Agreement shall be effective as of the date of its assignment (assuming compliance with all of the conditions to such Transfer set forth herein), and such Transfer shall be shown on the Schedule of Members. Profits, Losses and other Company items shall be allocated between the transferor and the Assignee according to Code Section 706, using any permissible method as determined in the reasonable discretion of the Manager. Distributions made before the effective date of such Transfer shall be paid to the transferor, and Distributions made after such date shall be paid to the Assignee.
(b) Unless and until an Assignee becomes a Member pursuant to Article XII , the Assignee shall not be entitled to any of the rights granted to a Member hereunder or under applicable Law, other than the rights granted specifically to Assignees pursuant to this Agreement; provided, however , that, without relieving the transferring Member from any such limitations or obligations as more fully described in Section  10.06 , such Assignee shall be bound by any limitations and obligations of a Member contained herein that a Member would be bound on account of the Assignee’s Company Interest (including the obligation to make Capital Contributions on account of such Company Interest).
 Section 10.06 Assignor ’ s Rights and Obligations . Any Member who shall Transfer any Company Interest in a manner in accordance with this Agreement shall cease to be a Member with respect to such Units or other interest and shall no longer have any rights or privileges, or, except as set forth in this Section  10.06 , duties, liabilities or obligations, of a Member with respect to such Units or other interest (it being understood, however, that the applicable provisions of Section  6.08 , Section  7.01 and Section  7.04 shall continue to inure to such Person’s benefit), except that unless and until the Assignee (if not already a Member) is admitted as a Substituted Member in accordance with the provisions of Article XII (the “ Admission Date ”), (i) such assigning Member shall retain all of the duties, liabilities and obligations of a Member with respect to such Units or other interest, and (ii) the Manager may, in its sole discretion, reinstate all or any portion of the rights and privileges of such Member with respect to such Units or other interest for any period of time prior to the Admission Date. Nothing contained herein shall relieve any Member who Transfers any Units or other interest in the Company from any liability of such Member to the Company with respect to such Company Interest that may exist on the Admission Date or that is otherwise specified in the Delaware Act and incorporated into this Agreement or for any liability to the Company or any other Person for any materially false statement made by such Member (in its capacity as such) or for any present or future breaches of any representations, warranties or covenants by such Member (in its capacity as such) contained herein or in the other agreements with the Company.
 Section 10.07 Overriding Provisions .
(a) Any Transfer in violation of this Article X shall be null and void ab initio, and the provisions of Sections 10.05 and 10.06 shall not apply to any such Transfers. For the avoidance of doubt, any Person to whom a Transfer is made or attempted in violation of this Article X shall not become a Member, shall not be entitled to vote on any matters coming before the Members and shall not have any other rights in or with respect to any rights of a Member of the Company. The approval of any Transfer in any one or more instances shall not limit or waive the requirement for such approval in any other or future instance. The Manager shall promptly amend the Schedule of Members to reflect any Permitted Transfer pursuant to this Article X .
(b) Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary (including, for the avoidance of doubt, the provisions of Section  10.01 and Article XI and Article XII ), in no event shall any Member Transfer any Units to the extent such Transfer would:
(i) result in the violation of the Securities Act, or any other applicable U.S. federal or state or non-U.S. Laws;
(ii) subject the Company to registration as an investment company under the Investment Company Act;
 
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(iii) in the reasonable determination of the Manager, be a violation of or a default (or an event that, with notice or the lapse of time or both, would constitute a default) under, or result in an acceleration of any indebtedness under, any promissory note, mortgage, loan agreement, indenture or similar instrument or agreement to which the Company or the Manager is a party; provided that the payee or creditor to whom the Company or the Manager owes such obligation is not an Affiliate of the Company or the Manager; provided , further , this Section  10.07(b)(iii) shall not apply to any Permitted Transfer;
(iv) fail to meet one or more of the “secondary market safe harbors” described in Treasury Regulations Sections 1.7704-1(e) (regarding transfers not involving trading, such as, for example certain gift transfers certain carryover basis transfers and certain transfers involving blocks of interests representing more than two percent (2%) of the total interests in the Company’s capital or profits), 1.7704-1(f) (regarding transfers pursuant to certain redemption and repurchase agreements), 1.7704-1(g) (regarding transfers through qualified matching services), or 1.7704-1(j) (regarding transfers where there is a lack of actual trading (that is, trading in the aggregate representing two percent (2%) or less of the total interests in the Company’s capital or profits in a taxable year)), and, accordingly, in no event shall the Company recognize any Transfer of any Units in a taxable year, other than those Transfers that are described in Treasury Regulations Sections 1.7704-1(e)(1)(i)-(vii), 1.7704-1(e)(1)(ix), 1.7704-1(f), or 1.7704-1(g), to the extent such Transfers in the aggregate for such taxable year would exceed two percent (2%) of the total interests in the Company’s capital or profits as determined in accordance with Treasury Regulations Sections 1.7704-1(j) and 1.7704-1(k); provided that the prohibitions contained in this Section  10.07(b)(iv) shall not apply to any Transfer occurring in any taxable year in which the Company did not have more than one hundred (100) partners within the meaning of Treasury Regulations Section 1.7704-1(h)(1) (determined by treating each Person that owns an interest in a Member that is a partnership, S corporation, or grantor trust for federal income tax purposes as a partner pursuant to Treasury Regulations Section 1.7704-1(h)) at any time during such taxable year; provided , further , this Section  10.07(b)(iv) shall apply to any transaction that would be a transfer for U.S. federal income tax purposes even if such transfer is not a Transfer as defined herein;
(v) cause the Company to lose its status as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes or, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, cause the Company to be treated as a “publicly traded partnership” or to be taxed as a corporation pursuant to Section 7704 of the Code and any applicable Treasury Regulations issued thereunder, or any successor provision of the Code; provided , further , this Section  10.07(b)(v) shall apply to any transaction that would be a transfer for U.S. federal income tax purposes, even if such transfer is not a Transfer as defined herein, or
(vi) be a Transfer to a Person who is not legally competent or who has not achieved his or her majority under applicable Law (excluding trusts for the benefit of minors).
 ARTICLE XI
REDEMPTION AND EXCHANGE RIGHTS
 Section 11.01 Redemption Right of a Member .
(a) Each Member (other than the Corporation) shall be entitled to cause the Company to redeem (a “ Redemption ”) all or any portion of its Common Units (the “ Redemption Right ”) at any time. A Member desiring to exercise its Redemption Right (the “ Redeemed Member ”) shall exercise such right by giving written notice (collectively, the “ Redemption Notice ”) to the Company with a copy to the Corporation (the date of the delivery of such Redemption Notice, the “ Redemption Notice Date ”). The Redemption Notice shall specify the number of Common Units (the “ Redeemed Units ”) that the Redeemed Member intends to have the Company redeem. The Redemption shall be completed on the date that is three (3) Business Days following delivery of the applicable Redemption Notice, unless the Company elects and is permitted to make the redemption payment by means of a Cash Settlement, in which case the Redemption shall be completed as promptly as practicable
 
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following delivery of the applicable Redemption Notice, but in any event, no more than ten (10) Business Days after delivery of such Redemption Notice (unless and to the extent that the Manager in its reasonable discretion agrees in writing to waive such time periods) (the date of such completion, the “ Redemption Date ”); provided that the Company, the Corporation and the Redeemed Member may change the number of Redeemed Units and/or the Redemption Date specified in such Redemption Notice to another number and/or date by mutual agreement in writing signed by each of them; provided further that a Redemption Notice that includes Redeemed Units that are to be redeemed for Class A Common Stock may be conditioned on the closing of an underwritten distribution of the shares of Class A Common Stock that may be issued in connection with such proposed Redemption. Unless the Redeemed Member timely has delivered a Retraction Notice as provided in Section  11.01(b) or has delayed a Redemption as provided in Section  11.01(c) or the Corporation has elected to effect a Direct Exchange as provided in Section  11.03 , on the Redemption Date (to be effective immediately prior to the close of business on the Redemption Date) (i) the Redeemed Member shall transfer and surrender the Redeemed Units to the Company and a corresponding number of shares of Class B Common Stock to the Corporation, in each case free and clear of all liens and encumbrances, (ii) the Company shall (x) cancel the Redeemed Units, (y) transfer to the Redeemed Member the consideration to which the Redeemed Member is entitled under Section  11.01(b) , and (z) if the Units are certificated, issue to the Redeemed Member a certificate for a number of Common Units equal to the difference (if any) between the number of Common Units evidenced by the certificate surrendered by the Redeemed Member pursuant to clause (i) of this Section  11.01(a) and the number of Redeemed Units and (iii) the Corporation shall cancel such shares of Class B Common Stock.
(b) In exchange for its Redeemed Units, a Redeemed Member shall be entitled to receive the Share Settlement or, at the Company’s election, the Cash Settlement from the Company; provided , however , that the Company shall not be permitted to elect the Cash Settlement method in connection with any Redemption of Common Units that are to be redeemed for Class B-1 Common Stock pursuant to a Class B-1 Redemption Election by such Redeemed Member. Within one (1) Business Day of delivery of the Redemption Notice, the Company shall give written notice (the “ Settlement Method Notice ”) to the Redeemed Member (with a copy to the Corporation) of its intended settlement method; provided that if the Company does not timely deliver a Settlement Method Notice, the Company shall be deemed to have elected the Share Settlement method. The Redeemed Member may retract its Redemption Notice by giving written notice (the “ Retraction Notice ”) to the Company (with a copy to the Corporation) at any time prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the Business Day after delivery of the Settlement Method Notice. The timely delivery of a Retraction Notice shall terminate all of the Redeemed Member’s, the Company’s and the Corporation’ rights and obligations under this Section  11.01 arising from the retracted Redemption Notice.
(c) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section  11.01(b) , in the event the Company elects a Share Settlement in connection with a Redemption, a Redeemed Member shall be entitled, at any time prior to the consummation of a Redemption, to revoke its Redemption Notice or delay the consummation of a Redemption if any of the following conditions exists: (i) any registration statement pursuant to which the resale of the Class A Common Stock to be registered for such Redeemed Member at or immediately following the consummation of the Redemption shall have ceased to be effective pursuant to any action or inaction by the SEC or no such resale registration statement has yet become effective; (ii) the Corporation shall have failed to cause any related prospectus to be supplemented by any required prospectus supplement necessary to effect such Redemption; (iii) the Corporation shall have exercised a contractual right to defer, delay or suspend the filing or effectiveness of a registration statement and such deferral, delay or suspension shall affect the ability of such Redeemed Member to have the resale of its Class A Common Stock registered at or immediately following the consummation of the Redemption; (iv) the Corporation shall have disclosed to such Redeemed Member any material non-public information concerning the Corporation, the receipt of which results in such Redeemed Member being prohibited or restricted from selling Class A Common Stock at or immediately following the Redemption without disclosure of such information (and the Corporation does not permit disclosure); (v) any stop order relating to the registration statement pursuant to which the Class A Common Stock was to be registered by such Redeemed Member at or immediately following the Redemption shall have been issued by the SEC; (vi) there shall have occurred a material disruption in the securities markets generally or in the market or
 
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markets in which the Class A Common Stock is then traded; (vii) there shall be in effect an injunction, a restraining order or a decree of any nature of any Governmental Entity that restrains or prohibits the Redemption; (viii) the Corporation shall have failed to comply in all material respects with its obligations under the Stockholders Agreement, and such failure shall have affected the ability of such Redeemed Member to consummate the resale of Class A Common Stock to be received upon such redemption pursuant to an effective registration statement; or (ix) the Redemption Date would occur three (3) Business Days or less prior to, or during, a Black-Out Period; provided further , that in no event shall the Redeemed Member seeking to delay the consummation of such Redemption and relying on any of the matters contemplated in clauses (i) through (ix) above have controlled or intentionally materially influenced any facts, circumstances, or Persons in connection therewith (except in the good faith performance of his or her duties as an officer or director of the Corporation) in order to provide such Redeemed Member with a basis for such delay or revocation. If a Redeemed Member delays the consummation of a Redemption pursuant to this Section  11.01(c) , (A) the Redemption Date shall occur on the third (3rd) Business Day following the date on which the conditions giving rise to such delay cease to exist (or such earlier day as the Corporation, the Company and such Redeemed Member may agree in writing) and (B) notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section  11.01(b) , the Redeemed Member may retract its Redemption Notice by giving a Retraction Notice to the Company (with a copy to the Corporation) at any time prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the second Business Day following the date on which the conditions giving rise to such delay cease to exist.
(d) The amount of the Share Settlement or the Cash Settlement that a Redeemed Member is entitled to receive under 
Section  11.01(b) shall not be adjusted on account of any Distributions previously made with respect to the Redeemed Units or dividends previously paid with respect to Class A Common Stock or Class B-1 Common Stock; provided, however , that if a Redeemed Member causes the Company to redeem Redeemed Units and the Redemption Date occurs subsequent to the record date for any Distribution with respect to the Redeemed Units but prior to payment of such Distribution, the Redeemed Member shall be entitled to receive such Distribution with respect to the Redeemed Units on the date that it is made notwithstanding that the Redeemed Member transferred and surrendered the Redeemed Units to the Company prior to such date.
(e) In the event of a distribution (by dividend or otherwise) by the Corporation to all holders of Class A Common Stock or Class B-1 Common Stock of evidences of its indebtedness, securities, or other assets (including Equity Securities of the Corporation), but excluding any cash dividend or distribution of any such assets received by the Corporation in respect of its Units, then, in exchange for its Redeemed Units, a Redeemed Member shall be entitled to receive, in addition to the consideration set forth in Section  11.01(b) , the amount of such security, securities or other property that the Redeemed Member would have received if such Redemption Right had been exercised and the Redemption Date had occurred immediately prior to the record date or effective time of any such transaction, taking into account any adjustment as a result of any subdivision (by any split, distribution or dividend, reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or otherwise) or combination (by reverse split, reclassification, recapitalization or otherwise) of such security, securities or other property that occurs after such record date or effective time. For the avoidance of doubt, subsequent to any such transaction, this Article XI shall apply mutatis mutandis with respect to any such security, securities or other property received by holders of Class A Common Stock or Class B-1 Common Stock in such transaction.
(f) If a Reclassification Event occurs, the Manager or its successor, as the case may be, shall, as and to the extent necessary, amend this Agreement in compliance with Section  16.03 , and enter into any necessary supplementary or additional agreements, to ensure that, following the effective date of the Reclassification Event: (i) the rights of holders of Common Units (other than the Corporation) set forth in this Section  11.01 provide that each Common Unit is redeemable for the same amount and same type of property, securities or cash (or combination thereof) that one share of Class A Common Stock (or, in the case of a Class B-1 Redemption Election, Class B-1 Common Stock) becomes exchangeable for or converted into as a result of the Reclassification Event (taking into account any adjustment as a result of any subdivision (by any split, distribution or dividend, reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or otherwise) or combination (by reverse split, reclassification, recapitalization or otherwise) of such security, securities or other property that
 
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occurs after the record date or effective time for such Reclassification Event) and (ii) the Corporation or the successor to the Corporation, as applicable, is obligated to deliver such property, securities or cash upon such redemption. The Corporation shall not consummate or agree to consummate any Reclassification Event unless the successor Person, if any, becomes obligated to comply with the obligations of the Corporation (in whatever capacity) under this Agreement.
 Section 11.02 Contribution of the Corporation . Subject to Section  11.03 , in connection with the exercise of a Redeemed Member’s Redemption Rights under Section  11.01(a) , the Corporation shall contribute to the Company the consideration the Redeemed Member is entitled to receive under Section  11.01(b) . Unless the Redeemed Member has timely delivered a Retraction Notice as provided in Section  11.01(b) or has delayed a Redemption as provided in Section  11.01(c) , or the Corporation has elected to effect a Direct Exchange as provided in Section  11.03 , on the Redemption Date (to be effective immediately prior to the close of business on the Redemption Date) (i) the Corporation shall make its Capital Contribution to the Company (in the form of the Share Settlement or the Cash Settlement) required under this Section  11.02 , and (ii) the Company shall issue to the Corporation a number of Common Units equal to the number of Redeemed Units surrendered by the Redeemed Member. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement to the contrary, in the event that the Company elects and is permitted to make the redemption payment by means of a Cash Settlement, the Corporation shall only be obligated to contribute to the Company an amount in respect of such Cash Settlement equal to the net proceeds (after deduction of any underwriters’ discounts or commissions and brokers’ fees or commissions) from the sale by the Corporation of a number of shares of Class A Common Stock equal to the number of Redeemed Units to be redeemed with such Cash Settlement; provided that (x) the Corporation’s Capital Account shall be increased by an amount equal to any such discounts, commissions and fees relating to such sale of shares of Class A Common Stock in accordance with Section  6.06 and (y) for the avoidance of doubt, if the Cash Settlement to which the Redeemed Member is entitled exceeds the amount that is contributed to the Company by the Corporation, the Company shall still be required to pay the Redeemed Member the full amount of the Cash Settlement.
 Section 11.03 Exchange Right of the Corporation .
(a) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Article XI , the Corporation may, in its sole and absolute discretion, elect to effect on the Redemption Date the exchange of Redeemed Units for the Share Settlement or Cash Settlement, at the Corporation’s option, through a direct exchange of such Redeemed Units and such consideration between the Redeemed Member and the Corporation (a “ Direct Exchange ”); provided , however , that the Corporation shall not be permitted to elect to effect a Direct Exchange for the Cash Settlement in respect of any Redeemed Units that are to be redeemed for Class B-1 Common Stock pursuant to a Class B-1 Redemption Election by such Redeemed Member. Upon such Direct Exchange pursuant to this Section  11.03 , the Corporation shall acquire the Redeemed Units and shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as the owner of such Units.
(b) The Corporation may, at any time prior to a Redemption Date, deliver written notice (an “ Exchange Election Notice ”) to the Company and the Redeemed Member setting forth its election to exercise its right to consummate a Direct Exchange; provided that such election does not prejudice the ability of the parties to consummate a Redemption or Direct Exchange on the Redemption Date. An Exchange Election Notice may be revoked by the Corporation at any time; provided that any such revocation does not prejudice the ability of the parties to consummate a Redemption on the Redemption Date. The right to consummate a Direct Exchange in all events shall be exercisable for all the Redeemed Units that would have otherwise been subject to a Redemption. Except as otherwise provided by this Section  11.03 , a Direct Exchange shall be consummated pursuant to the same timeframe and in the same manner as the relevant Redemption would have been consummated if the Corporation had not delivered an Exchange Election Notice.
 Section 11.04 Reservation of Shares of Class  A Common Stock and Class B-1 Common Stock; Listing; Certificate of the Corporation . At all times the Corporation shall reserve and keep available out of its authorized
 
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but unissued Class A Common Stock and Class B-1 Common Stock, solely for the purpose of issuance upon a Redemption or Direct Exchange, such number of shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B-1 Common Stock as shall be issuable upon any such Redemption or Direct Exchange pursuant to Share Settlements; provided that nothing contained herein shall be construed to preclude the Corporation from satisfying its obligations (i) in respect of any Redeemed Units that are to be redeemed for Class A Common Stock in such Redemption or Direct Exchange by delivery of purchased Class A Common Stock (which may or may not be held in the treasury of the Corporation) or the delivery of cash pursuant to a Cash Settlement or (ii) in respect of any Redeemed Units that are to be redeemed for Class B-1 Common Stock in such Redemption or Direct Exchange by delivery of purchased Class B-1 Common Stock (which may or may not be held in the treasury of the Corporation). The Corporation shall deliver Class A Common Stock that has been registered under the Securities Act with respect to any Redeemed Units that are to be redeemed for Class A Common Stock in Redemption or Direct Exchange to the extent a registration statement is effective and available for such shares. The Corporation shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to list the Class A Common Stock required to be delivered upon any such Redemption or Direct Exchange prior to such delivery upon each national securities exchange upon which the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock are listed at the time of such Redemption or Direct Exchange (it being understood that any such shares may be subject to transfer restrictions under applicable securities Laws). The Corporation covenants that all Class A Common Stock issued and Class B-1 Common Stock upon a Redemption or Direct Exchange will, upon issuance, be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. The provisions of this Article XI shall be interpreted and applied in a manner consistent with the corresponding provisions of the Corporation’s certificate of incorporation.
 Section 11.05 Effect of Exercise of Redemption or Exchange Right . This Agreement shall continue notwithstanding the consummation of a Redemption or Direct Exchange and all governance or other rights set forth herein shall be exercised by the remaining Members and the Redeemed Member (to the extent of such Redeemed Member’s remaining interest in the Company). No Redemption or Direct Exchange shall relieve such Redeemed Member of any prior breach of this Agreement.
 Section 11.06 Tax Treatment . Unless otherwise required by applicable Law, the parties hereto acknowledge and agree that a Redemption or a Direct Exchange, as the case may be, shall be treated as a direct exchange between the Corporation and the Redeemed Member for U.S. federal (and applicable state and local) income tax purposes. The issuance of shares of Class A Common Stock, Class B-1 Common Stock or other securities upon a Redemption or Direct Exchange shall be made without charge to the Redeemed Member for any stamp or other similar tax in respect of such issuance.
 ARTICLE XII
ADMISSION OF MEMBERS
 Section 12.01 Substituted Members . Subject to the provisions of Article X , in connection with the Permitted Transfer of a Company Interest hereunder or a Transfer consented to by the Conflicts Committee, the transferee shall become a substituted Member (“ Substituted Member ”) on the effective date of such Transfer, which effective date shall not be earlier than the date of compliance with the conditions to such Transfer, and such admission shall be shown on the Schedule of Members.
 Section 12.02 Additional Members . Subject to the provisions of Article III and Article X , any Person that is not an Original Member or the Corporation may be admitted to the Company as an additional Member (any such Person, an “ Additional Member ”) only upon furnishing to the Manager (a) a Joinder (or other counterpart to this Agreement reasonably acceptable to the Manager) and counterparts of any applicable Other Agreements and (b) such other documents or instruments as may be reasonably necessary or appropriate to effect such Person’s admission as a Member (including entering into such documents as the Manager may deem appropriate in its reasonable discretion). Such admission shall become effective on the date on which the Manager determines in its reasonable discretion that such conditions have been satisfied and when any such admission is shown on the books and records of the Company.
 
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 ARTICLE XIII
WITHDRAWAL AND RESIGNATION; TERMINATION OF RIGHTS
 Section 13.01 Withdrawal and Resignation of Members . No Member shall have the power or right to withdraw or otherwise resign as a Member from the Company prior to the termination of the Company pursuant to Article XIV . Upon a Transfer of all of a Member’s Units in a Transfer permitted by this Agreement, subject to the provisions of Section  10.06 , such Member shall cease to be a Member.
 ARTICLE XIV
DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION
 Section 14.01 Dissolution . The Company shall not be dissolved by the admission of Additional Members or Substituted Members or the attempted withdrawal or resignation of a Member. The Company shall dissolve, and its affairs shall be wound up, upon:
(a) the decision of the Manager (pursuant to a unanimous decision of the Corporate Board) together with the Requisite Members to dissolve the Company;
(b) a dissolution of the Company under Section 18-801(a)(4) of the Delaware Act; or
(c) the entry of a decree of judicial dissolution of the Company under Section 18-802 of the Delaware Act.
The bankruptcy (within the meaning of Section 18-304 of the Delaware Act) of a Member shall not cause the Member to cease to be a member of the Company. An Event of Withdrawal shall not, in and of itself, cause a dissolution of the Company and the Company shall continue without dissolution subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.
 Section 14.02 Liquidation and Termination . On dissolution of the Company, the Manager shall act as liquidator or may appoint one or more Persons as liquidator. The liquidators shall proceed diligently to wind up the affairs of the Company and make final distributions as provided herein and in the Delaware Act. The costs of liquidation shall be borne as a Company expense. Until final distribution, the liquidators shall continue to operate the Company properties with all of the power and authority of the Manager. The steps to be accomplished by the liquidators are as follows:
(a) as promptly as possible after dissolution and again after final liquidation, the liquidators shall cause a proper accounting to be made by a recognized firm of certified public accountants of the Company’s assets, liabilities and operations through the last day of the calendar month in which the dissolution occurs or the final liquidation is completed, as applicable;
(b) the liquidators shall pay, satisfy or discharge from Company funds, or otherwise make adequate provision for payment and discharge thereof (including the establishment of a cash fund for contingent, conditional or unmatured liabilities in such amount and for such term as the liquidators may reasonably determine) all of the debts, liabilities and obligations of the Company (including all expenses incurred in liquidation); and
(c) all remaining assets of the Company shall be distributed to the Members in accordance with Article IV by the end of the Taxable Year during which the liquidation of the Company occurs (or, if later, by ninety (90) days after the date of the liquidation). The distribution of cash and/or property to the Members in accordance with the provisions of this Section  14.02 and Section  14.03 below constitutes a complete return to the Members of their Capital Contributions, a complete distribution to the Members of their interest in the Company and all the Company’s property and constitutes a compromise to which all Members have consented within the meaning of the Delaware Act. To the extent that a Member returns funds to the Company, it has no claim against any other Member for those funds.
 
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 Section 14.03 Deferment; Distribution in Kind . Notwithstanding the provisions of Section  14.02 , but subject to the order of priorities set forth therein, if upon dissolution of the Company the liquidators determine that an immediate sale of part or all of the Company’s assets would be impractical or would cause undue loss (or would otherwise not be beneficial) to the Members, the liquidators may, in their sole discretion, defer for a reasonable time the liquidation of any assets except those necessary to satisfy Company liabilities (other than loans to the Company by Members) and reserves. Subject to the order of priorities set forth in Section  14.02 , the liquidators may, in their sole discretion, distribute to the Members, in lieu of cash, either (a) all or any portion of such remaining Company assets in-kind in accordance with the provisions of Section  14.02(c) , (b) as tenants in common and in accordance with the provisions of Section  14.02(c) , undivided interests in all or any portion of such Company assets or (c) a combination of the foregoing. Any such Distributions in kind shall be subject to (x) such conditions relating to the disposition and management of such assets as the liquidators deem reasonable and equitable and (y) the terms and conditions of any agreements governing such assets (or the operation thereof or the holders thereof) at such time. Any Company assets distributed in kind will first be written up or down to their Fair Market Value, thus creating Profit or Loss (if any), which shall be allocated in accordance with Article V . The liquidators shall determine the Fair Market Value of any property distributed in accordance with the valuation procedures set forth in Article XV .
 Section 14.04 Cancellation of Certificate . On completion of the winding up of Company assets as provided herein and the Delaware Act, the Company is terminated (and the Company shall not be terminated prior to such time), and the Manager (or such other Person or Persons as the Delaware Act may require or permit) shall file a certificate of cancellation with the Secretary of State of Delaware, cancel any other filings made pursuant to this Agreement that are or should be canceled and take such other actions as may be necessary to terminate the Company. The Company shall be deemed to continue in existence for all purposes of this Agreement until it is terminated pursuant to this Section  14.04 .
 Section 14.05 Reasonable Time for Winding Up . A reasonable time shall be allowed for the orderly winding up of the business and affairs of the Company and the liquidation of its assets pursuant to Sections 14.02 and 14.03 in order to minimize any losses otherwise attendant upon such winding up.
 Section 14.06 Return of Capital . The liquidators shall not be personally liable for the return of Capital Contributions or any portion thereof to the Members (it being understood that any such return shall be made solely from Company assets).
 ARTICLE XV
VALUATION
 Section 15.01 Determination . “ Fair Market Value ” of a specific Company asset will mean the amount which the Company would receive in an all-cash sale of such asset in an arms-length transaction with a willing unaffiliated third party, with neither party having any compulsion to buy or sell, consummated on the day immediately preceding the date on which the event occurred which necessitated the determination of the Fair Market Value (and after giving effect to any transfer taxes payable in connection with such sale), as such amount is determined by the Manager (or, if pursuant to Section  14.02 , the liquidators) in its good faith judgment using all factors, information and data it deems to be pertinent.
 Section 15.02 Dispute Resolution . If any Member or Members dispute the accuracy of any determination of Fair Market Value in accordance with Section  15.01 , and the Manager and such Member(s) are unable to agree on the determination of the Fair Market Value of any asset of the Company, the Manager and such Member(s) shall each select a nationally recognized investment banking firm experienced in valuing securities of closely-held companies such as the Company in the Company’s industry (the “ Appraisers ”), who shall each determine the Fair Market Value of the asset or the Company (as applicable) in accordance with the provisions of Section  15.01 . The Appraisers shall be instructed to give written notice of their determination of the Fair Market
 
39

Value of the asset or the Company (as applicable) within thirty (30) days of their appointment as Appraisers. If Fair Market Value as determined by an Appraiser is higher than the Fair Market Value as determined by the other Appraiser by 10% or more, and the Manager and such Member(s) do not otherwise agree on a Fair Market Value, the original Appraisers shall designate a third Appraiser meeting the same criteria used to select the original two, and the Fair Market Value shall be the average of the Fair Market Values determined by all three Appraisers, unless the Manager and such Member(s) otherwise agree on a Fair Market Value. If Fair Market Value as determined by an Appraiser is within 10% of the Fair Market Value as determined by the other Appraiser (but not identical), and the Manager and such Member(s) do not otherwise agree on a Fair Market Value, the Manager shall select the Fair Market Value of one of the Appraisers. The fees and expenses of the Appraisers shall be borne by the Company.
 ARTICLE XVI
GENERAL PROVISIONS
 Section 16.01 Power of Attorney .
(a) Each Member hereby constitutes and appoints the Manager (or the liquidator, if applicable) with full power of substitution, as his or her true and lawful agent and attorney-in-fact, with full power and authority in his, her or its name, place and stead, to:
(i) execute, swear to, acknowledge, deliver, file and record in the appropriate public offices (A) this Agreement, all certificates and other instruments and all amendments thereof which the Manager reasonably deems appropriate or necessary to form, qualify, or continue the qualification of, the Company as a limited liability company in the State of Delaware and in all other jurisdictions in which the Company may conduct business or own property; (B) all instruments which the Manager reasonably deems appropriate or necessary to reflect any amendment, change, modification or restatement of this Agreement in accordance with its terms; (C) all conveyances and other instruments or documents which the Manager reasonably deems appropriate or necessary to reflect the dissolution and liquidation of the Company pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, including a certificate of cancellation; and (D) all instruments relating to the admission, withdrawal or substitution of any Member pursuant to Article XII or XIII ; and
(ii) sign, execute, swear to and acknowledge all ballots, consents, approvals, waivers, certificates and other instruments appropriate or necessary, in the reasonable judgment of the Manager, to evidence, confirm or ratify any vote, consent, approval, agreement or other action which is made or given by the Members hereunder or is consistent with the terms of this Agreement, in the reasonable judgment of the Manager, to effectuate the terms of this Agreement.
(b) The foregoing power of attorney is irrevocable and coupled with an interest, and shall survive the death, disability, incapacity, dissolution, bankruptcy, insolvency or termination of any Member who is an individual and the transfer of all or any portion of his, her or its Company Interest and shall extend to such Member’s heirs, successors, assigns and personal representatives.
 Section 16.02 Confidentiality . Except as required by applicable Law, the Manager and each of the Members agree to hold the Company’s Confidential Information in confidence and shall not (i) disclose any Confidential Information except as otherwise authorized separately in writing by the Manager or (ii) use any Confidential Information except in furtherance of the business of the Company or as otherwise authorized separately in writing by the Manager. “ Confidential Information ” as used herein means any and all information obtained by a Member from the Company or any of its Affiliates directly or indirectly, including from their representatives, which such information includes, but is not limited to, ideas, financial information, products, data, services, business strategies, research, inventions (whether or not patentable), innovations and materials, equipment, all aspects of the Company’s business plan, proposed operation and products and other product plans, corporate structure, financial and organizational information, analyses, proposed partners, software code, designs,
 
40

employees and their identities, equity ownership, customers, markets, the methods and means by which the Company plans to conduct its business, all trade secrets, trademarks, knowhow, formulas, processes and intellectual property. With respect to the Manager and such Member, Confidential Information does not include information or material that: (a) is rightfully in the possession of the Manager or such Member at the time of disclosure by the Company; (b) before or after it has been disclosed to the Manager or each Member by the Company, becomes part of public knowledge, not as a result of any action or inaction of the Manager or such Member, respectively, in violation of this Agreement; (c) is approved for release by written authorization of the Chief Executive Officer of the Company or of the Corporation; (d) is disclosed to the Manager or such Member or their representatives by a third party not, to the knowledge of the Manager or such Member, respectively, in violation of any obligation of confidentiality owed to the Company with respect to such information; or (e) is or becomes independently developed by the Manager or such Member or their respective representatives without use or reference to the Confidential Information.
 Section 16.03 Amendments . This Agreement may be amended or modified in writing by the Manager, subject to the prior written consent of the Requisite Members. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no amendment or modification (whether by amendment, merger, recapitalization or otherwise) (a) to this Section  16.03 may be made without the prior written consent of each of the Members, (b) that modifies the limited liability of any Member, or increases the liabilities or obligations of any Member, in each case, may be made without the consent of each such affected Member, (c) that materially alters or changes any rights, preferences or privileges of any Company Interests in a manner that is different or prejudicial relative to any other Company Interests, may be made without the approval of a majority in interest of the Members holding the Company Interests affected in such a different or prejudicial manner, (d) that materially alters or changes any rights, preferences or privileges of a holder of any class of Company Interests in a manner that is different or prejudicial relative to any other holder of the same class of Company Interests, may be made without the approval of the holder of Company Interests affected in such a different or prejudicial manner, (e) that adversely alters or changes any rights, preferences or privileges of Members other than the Corporation (and its Affiliates), may be made without the approval of a majority in interest of the Members (excluding, for this purpose, the Corporation and its Affiliates) holding Common Units, and (f) to any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement which terms and conditions expressly require the approval or action of certain Persons may be made without obtaining the consent of the requisite number or specified percentage of such Persons who are entitled to approve or take action on such matter; provided , that the Manager, acting alone, may amend this Agreement to reflect the issuance of additional Units or Equity Securities in accordance with Section  3.04 so long as the rights, preferences or privileges of such Units or Equity Securities with respect to voting, liquidation, redemption, conversion or distributions are not senior to or on parity with the Common Units.
 Section 16.04 Title to Company Assets . Company assets shall be deemed to be owned by the Company as an entity, and no Member, individually or collectively, shall have any ownership interest in such Company assets or any portion thereof. The Company shall hold title to all of its property in the name of the Company and not in the name of any Member. All Company assets shall be recorded as the property of the Company on its books and records, irrespective of the name in which legal title to such Company assets is held. The Company’s credit and assets shall be used solely for the benefit of the Company, and no asset of the Company shall be transferred or encumbered for, or in payment of, any individual obligation of any Member.
 Section 16.05 Addresses and Notices . Any notice provided for in this Agreement will be in writing and will be either personally delivered, or sent by (i) certified mail, return receipt requested, (ii) reputable overnight courier service providing confirmation of delivery (charges prepaid), (iii) telecopier transmission with confirmation of receipt, or (iv) e-mail of a .pdf attachment for which a confirmation e-mail is obtained, to the Company or the Manager, as applicable, at the addresses set forth below and to any other recipient and to any Member at such address as indicated by the Company’s records, or at such address or to the attention of such other person as the recipient party has specified by prior written notice to the sending party. Notices will be deemed to have been given hereunder when delivered personally or on the date of delivery as established by the return receipt, courier service confirmation (or the date on which the return receipt or courier service confirms
 
41

that acceptance of delivery was refused by the addressee), or telecopier confirmation received by the sender. The respective addresses of the Company and the Manager are:
to the Company:
Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC
400 Crossing Boulevard, 3rd Floor
Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
Attn: Chirag Patel
E-mail: [        ]
with copies (which copies shall not constitute notice) to:
Latham & Watkins LLP
650 Town Center Drive, 20th Floor
Costa Mesa, California 92626
Attn: Charles K. Ruck and R. Scott Shean
E-mail: charles.ruck@lw.com and scott.shean@lw.com
and
Sullivan & Cromwell LLP
125 Broad Street
New York, NY 10004
Attn: Frank Aquila
E-mail: aquilaf@sullcrom.com
to the Manager:
Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
400 Cross Boulevard, 3rd Floor
Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
Attn: Sheldon Hirt
E-mail: shirt@amneal.com
with copies (which copies shall not constitute notice) to:
Latham & Watkins LLP
650 Town Center Drive, 20th Floor
Costa Mesa, California 92626
Attn: Charles K. Ruck and R. Scott Shean
E-mail: charles.ruck@lw.com and scott.shean@lw.com
and
Sullivan & Cromwell LLP
125 Broad Street
New York, NY 10004
Attn: Francis J. Aquila
E-mail: aquilaf@sullcrom.com
 Section 16.06 Binding Effect; Intended Beneficiaries . This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and, to the extent permitted by this Agreement, their heirs, executors, administrators, successors, legal representatives and permitted assigns.
 Section 16.07 Creditors . None of the provisions of this Agreement shall be for the benefit of or enforceable by any creditors of the Company or any of its Affiliates, and no creditor who makes a loan to the Company or
 
42

any of its Affiliates may have or acquire (except pursuant to the terms of a separate agreement executed by the Company in favor of such creditor) at any time as a result of making the loan any direct or indirect interest in Company Profits, Losses, Distributions, capital or property other than as a secured creditor.
 Section 16.08 Waiver . No failure by any party to insist upon the strict performance of any covenant, duty, agreement or condition of this Agreement or to exercise any right or remedy consequent upon a breach thereof shall constitute a waiver of any such breach or any other covenant, duty, agreement or condition, regardless of how long such failure continues.
 Section 16.09 Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in separate counterparts, each of which will be an original and all of which together shall constitute one and the same agreement binding on all the parties hereto.
 Section 16.10 Applicable Law . This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law rules or provisions (whether of the State of Delaware or any other jurisdiction) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdiction other than the State of Delaware. Any dispute relating hereto shall be heard in the state or federal courts of the State of Delaware, and the parties agree to jurisdiction and venue therein.
 Section 16.11 Severability . Whenever possible, each provision of this Agreement will be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable Law, but if any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect under any applicable Law or rule in any jurisdiction, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability will not affect any other provision or the effectiveness or validity of any provision in any other jurisdiction, and this Agreement will be reformed, construed and enforced in such jurisdiction as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein.
 Section 16.12 Further Action . The parties shall execute and deliver all documents, provide all information and take or refrain from taking such actions as may be reasonably necessary or appropriate to achieve the purposes of this Agreement.
 Section 16.13 Conflict . In the event of a direct conflict between the provisions of this Agreement and (i) any provision of the Certificate or (ii) any mandatory, non-waivable provision of the Delaware Act, such provision of the Certificate or the Delaware Act shall control. If any provision of the Delaware Act provides that it may be varied or superseded in the agreement of a limited liability company (or otherwise by agreement of the members or managers of a limited liability company), such provision shall be deemed superseded and waived in its entirety if this Agreement contains a provision addressing the same issue or subject matter.
 Section 16.14 Delivery by Electronic Transmission . This Agreement and any signed agreement or instrument entered into in connection with this Agreement or contemplated hereby, and any amendments hereto or thereto, to the extent signed and delivered by means of an electronic transmission, including by a facsimile machine or via email, shall be treated in all manner and respects as an original agreement or instrument and shall be considered to have the same binding legal effect as if it were the original signed version thereof delivered in person. At the request of any party hereto or to any such agreement or instrument, each other party hereto or thereto shall re-execute original forms thereof and deliver them to all other parties. No party hereto or to any such agreement or instrument shall raise the use of electronic transmission by a facsimile machine or via email to deliver a signature or the fact that any signature or agreement or instrument was transmitted or communicated through such electronic transmission as a defense to the formation of a contract and each such party forever waives any such defense.
 Section 16.15 Right of Offset . Whenever the Company is to pay any sum (other than pursuant to Article IV ) to any Member, any amounts that such Member owes to the Company which are not the subject of a good faith dispute may be deducted from that sum before payment. For the avoidance of doubt, the distribution of Units to the Corporation shall not be subject to this Section  16.15 .
 
43

 Section 16.16 Effectiveness . This Agreement shall be effective immediately upon the Business Combination Closing (the “ Effective Time ”). The Second A&R LLC Agreement shall govern the rights and obligations of the Company and the other parties to this Agreement in their capacity as Members prior to the Effective Time.
 Section 16.17 Entire Agreement . This Agreement and those documents expressly referred to herein (including the Stockholders Agreement and the Business Combination Agreement) embody the entire agreement and understanding among the parties and supersede and preempt any prior understandings, agreements or representations by or among the parties, written or oral, which may have related to the subject matter hereof in any way. For the avoidance of doubt, the Second A&R LLC Agreement is superseded in its entirety by this Agreement as of the Effective Time and shall be of no further force and effect thereafter.
 Section 16.18 Remedies . Each Member shall have all rights and remedies set forth in this Agreement and all rights and remedies which such Person has been granted at any time under any other agreement or contract and all of the rights which such Person has under any Law. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable Law, any Person having any rights under any provision of this Agreement or any other agreements contemplated hereby shall be entitled to enforce such rights specifically (without posting a bond or other security), to recover damages by reason of any breach of any provision of this Agreement and to exercise all other rights granted by Law.
 Section 16.19 Descriptive Headings; Interpretation . The descriptive headings of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and do not constitute a substantive part of this Agreement. Whenever required by the context, any pronoun used in this Agreement shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine or neuter forms, and the singular form of nouns, pronouns and verbs shall include the plural and vice versa. The use of the word “including” in this Agreement shall be by way of example rather than by limitation. Reference to any agreement, document or instrument means such agreement, document or instrument as amended or otherwise modified from time to time in accordance with the terms thereof, and if applicable hereof. Without limiting the generality of the immediately preceding sentence, no amendment or other modification to any agreement, document or instrument that requires the consent of any Person pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or any other agreement will be given effect hereunder unless such Person has consented in writing to such amendment or modification. Wherever required by the context, references to a Fiscal Year shall refer to a portion thereof. The use of the words “or,” “either” and “any” shall not be exclusive. The parties hereto have participated jointly in the negotiation and drafting of this Agreement. In the event an ambiguity or question of intent or interpretation arises, this Agreement shall be construed as if drafted jointly by the parties hereto, and no presumption or burden of proof shall arise favoring or disfavoring any party by virtue of the authorship of any of the provisions of this Agreement. Wherever a conflict exists between this Agreement and any other agreement, this Agreement shall control but solely to the extent of such conflict.
[ Signature Pages Follow ]
 
44

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed or caused to be executed on their behalf this Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement as of the date first written above.
COMPANY:

AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS LLC	
	
By:                                                                                                   	
Name:
Title:	
[ Signature Page to Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement ]
 
45

	
MEMBERS:	

AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.	
	
By:                                                                                                   	
Name:	
Title:	
[ Signature Page to Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement ]
 
46

	
AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING COMPANY LLC	
	
By:                                                                                                   	
Name:	
Title:	
[ Signature Page to Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement ]
 
47

	
AH PPU MANAGEMENT, LLC	
	
By:                                                                                                   	
Name:	
Title:	
[ Signature Page to Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement ]
 
48

	
AP CLASS D MEMBER, LLC	
	
By:                                                                                                   	
Name:	
Title:	
[ Signature Page to Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement ]
 
49

	
AP CLASS E MEMBER, LLC	
	
By:                                                                                                   	
Name:	
Title:	
[ Signature Page to Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement ]
 
50

SCHEDULE 1 *
SCHEDULE OF MEMBERS

Member	 	Common
Units	  	Percentage
Interest	  	Contribution
Closing Capital
Account Balance	  	Additional
Cash Capital
Contributions	  	Additional Non-
Cash Capital
Contributions	  	Capital
Accounts	
Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	 		  		  		  		  		  		
Amneal Pharmaceuticals Holding Company LLC	 		  		  		  		  		  		
AH PPU Management, LLC	 		  		  		  		  		  		
AP Class D Member, LLC	 		  		  		  		  		  		
AP Class E Member, LLC	 		  		  		  		  		  		
 
*	This Schedule of Members shall be updated from time to time to reflect any adjustment with respect to any subdivision (by Unit split or otherwise) or any combination (by reverse Unit split or otherwise) of any outstanding Common Units, or to reflect any additional issuances of Common Units pursuant to this Agreement.	
 
51

Exhibit A
FORM OF JOINDER AGREEMENT
This JOINDER AGREEMENT, dated as of                     , 20     (this “ Joinder ”), is delivered pursuant to that certain [Third] Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, dated as of [                    ], 2017 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “ LLC Agreement ”) by and among Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Company ”), Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation and the managing member of the Company (the “ Manager ”), and each of the Members from time to time party thereto. Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein have the respective meanings set forth in the LLC Agreement.
 
 	1.	Joinder to the LLC Agreement . Upon the execution of this Joinder by the undersigned and delivery hereof to the Manager, the undersigned hereby is and hereafter will be a Member under the LLC Agreement and a party thereto, with all the rights, privileges and responsibilities of a Member thereunder. The undersigned hereby agrees that it shall comply with and be fully bound by the terms of the LLC Agreement as if it had been a signatory thereto as of the date thereof.	
 
 	2.	Incorporation by Reference . All terms and conditions of the LLC Agreement are hereby incorporated by reference in this Joinder as if set forth herein in full.	
 
 	3.	Address . All notices under the LLC Agreement to the undersigned shall be direct to:	
[Name]
[Address]
[City, State, Zip Code]
Attn:
Facsimile:
E-mail:
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has duly executed and delivered this Joinder as of the day and year first above written.

[NAME OF NEW MEMBER]	
	
By:                                                                                                   	
Name:	
Title:	
Acknowledged and agreed
as of the date first set forth above:
AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS LLC
By: AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.,
its Managing Member

By:                                                                                             	
Name:	
Title:	
 
52

Exhibit 4.1

 
IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.
AND
WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,
as Trustee
INDENTURE
Dated as of June 30, 2015
2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

P AGE

ARTICLE 1	 	
D EFINITIONS	 	
		
Section 1.01 . Definitions	  	 	1	 	
Section 1.02 . References to Interest	  	 	12	 	
	
ARTICLE 2	 	
I SSUE , D ESCRIPTION , E XECUTION , R EGISTRATION AND E XCHANGE OF N OTES	 	
		
Section 2.01 . Designation and Amount	  	 	12	 	
Section 2.02 . Form of Notes	  	 	12	 	
Section 2.03 . Date and Denomination of Notes; Payments of Interest and Defaulted Amounts	  	 	13	 	
Section 2.04 . Execution, Authentication and Delivery of Notes	  	 	15	 	
Section 2.05 . Exchange and Registration of Transfer of Notes; Restrictions on Transfer; Depositary	  	 	15	 	
Section 2.06 . Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Notes	  	 	22	 	
Section 2.07 . Temporary Notes	  	 	23	 	
Section 2.08 . Cancellation of Notes Paid, Converted, Etc	  	 	23	 	
Section 2.09 . CUSIP Numbers	  	 	23	 	
Section 2.10 . Additional Notes; Repurchases	  	 	24	 	
	
ARTICLE 3	 	
S ATISFACTION AND D ISCHARGE	 	
		
Section 3.01 . Satisfaction and Discharge	  	 	24	 	
	
ARTICLE 4	 	
P ARTICULAR C OVENANTS OF THE C OMPANY	 	
		
Section 4.01 . Payment of Principal and Interest	  	 	24	 	
Section 4.02 . Maintenance of Office or Agency	  	 	25	 	
Section 4.03 . Appointments to Fill Vacancies in Trustee’s Office	  	 	25	 	
Section 4.04 . Provisions as to Paying Agent	  	 	25	 	
Section 4.05 . Existence	  	 	27	 	
Section 4.06 . Rule 144A Information Requirement and Annual Reports	  	 	27	 	
Section 4.07 . Stay, Extension and Usury Laws	  	 	29	 	
Section 4.08 . Compliance Certificate; Statements as to Defaults	  	 	29	 	
Section 4.09 . Additional Amounts	  	 	29	 	
 
i

					
ARTICLE 5	 	
L ISTS OF H OLDERS AND R EPORTS BY THE C OMPANY AND THE T RUSTEE	 	
		
Section 5.01 . Lists of Holders	  	 	32	 	
Section 5.02 . Preservation and Disclosure of Lists	  	 	32	 	
	
ARTICLE 6	 	
D EFAULTS AND R EMEDIES	 	
		
Section 6.01 . Events of Default	  	 	32	 	
Section 6.02. Acceleration; Rescission and Annulment	  	 	33	 	
Section 6.03. Additional Interest	  	 	34	 	
Section 6.04. Payments of Notes on Default; Suit Therefor	  	 	35	 	
Section 6.05 . Application of Monies Collected by Trustee	  	 	37	 	
Section 6.06 . Proceedings by Holders	  	 	38	 	
Section 6.07 . Proceedings by Trustee	  	 	38	 	
Section 6.08 . Remedies Cumulative and Continuing	  	 	39	 	
Section 6.09 . Direction of Proceedings and Waiver of Defaults by Majority of Holders	  	 	39	 	
Section 6.10 . Notice of Defaults	  	 	40	 	
Section 6.11 . Undertaking to Pay Costs	  	 	40	 	
	
ARTICLE 7	 	
C ONCERNING THE T RUSTEE	 	
		
Section 7.01 . Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee	  	 	40	 	
Section 7.02 . Reliance on Documents, Opinions, Etc	  	 	42	 	
Section 7.03 . No Responsibility for Recitals, Etc	  	 	43	 	
Section 7.04 . Trustee, Paying Agents, Conversion Agents, Bid Solicitation Agent or Note Registrar May Own Notes	  	 	43	 	
Section 7.05 . Monies and Shares of Common Stock to Be Held in Trust	  	 	43	 	
Section 7.06 . Compensation and Expenses of Trustee	  	 	44	 	
Section 7.07 . Officer’s Certificate as Evidence	  	 	45	 	
Section 7.08 . Eligibility of Trustee	  	 	45	 	
Section 7.09 . Resignation or Removal of Trustee	  	 	45	 	
Section 7.10 . Acceptance by Successor Trustee	  	 	46	 	
Section 7.11 . Succession by Merger, Etc	  	 	47	 	
Section 7.12 . Trustee’s Application for Instructions from the Company	  	 	47	 	
	
ARTICLE 8	 	
C ONCERNING THE H OLDERS	 	
		
Section 8.01 . Action by Holders	  	 	48	 	
Section 8.02 . Proof of Execution by Holders	  	 	48	 	
Section 8.03 . Who Are Deemed Absolute Owners	  	 	48	 	
Section 8.04 . Company-Owned Notes Disregarded	  	 	49	 	
Section 8.05 . Revocation of Consents; Future Holders Bound	  	 	49	 	
 
ii

					
ARTICLE 9	 	
H OLDERS ’ M EETINGS	 	
		
Section 9.01 . Purpose of Meetings	  	 	49	 	
Section 9.02 . Call of Meetings by Trustee	  	 	50	 	
Section 9.03 . Call of Meetings by Company or Holders	  	 	50	 	
Section 9.04 . Qualifications for Voting	  	 	50	 	
Section 9.05 . Regulations	  	 	50	 	
Section 9.06 . Voting	  	 	51	 	
Section 9.07 . No Delay of Rights by Meeting	  	 	51	 	
	
ARTICLE 10	 	
S UPPLEMENTAL I NDENTURES	 	
		
Section 10.01 . Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders	  	 	52	 	
Section 10.02 . Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders	  	 	53	 	
Section 10.03 . Effect of Supplemental Indentures	  	 	54	 	
Section 10.04 . Notation on Notes	  	 	54	 	
Section 10.05 . Evidence of Compliance of Supplemental Indenture to Be Furnished to Trustee	  	 	54	 	
	
ARTICLE 11	 	
C ONSOLIDATION , M ERGER , S ALE , C ONVEYANCE AND L EASE	 	
		
Section 11.01 . Company May Consolidate, Etc. on Certain Terms	  	 	55	 	
Section 11.02 . Successor Corporation to Be Substituted	  	 	55	 	
Section 11.03 . Opinion of Counsel to Be Given to Trustee	  	 	56	 	
	
ARTICLE 12	 	
I MMUNITY OF I NCORPORATORS , S TOCKHOLDERS , O FFICERS AND D IRECTORS	 	
		
Section 12.01 . Indenture and Notes Solely Corporate Obligations	  	 	56	 	
	
ARTICLE 13	 	
[I NTENTIONALLY O MITTED ]	 	
	
ARTICLE 14	 	
C ONVERSION OF N OTES	 	
		
Section 14.01 . Conversion Privilege	  	 	57	 	
Section 14.02 . Conversion Procedure; Settlement Upon Conversion	  	 	60	 	
Section 14.03 . Increased Conversion Rate Applicable to Certain Notes Surrendered in Connection with Make-Whole Fundamental Changes	  	 	64	 	
 
iii

					
Section 14.04 . Adjustment of Conversion Rate	  	 	67	 	
Section 14.05 . Adjustments of Prices	  	 	76	 	
Section 14.06 . Shares to Be Fully Paid	  	 	77	 	
Section 14.07 . Effect of Recapitalizations, Reclassifications and Changes of the Common Stock	  	 	77	 	
Section 14.08 . Certain Covenants	  	 	79	 	
Section 14.09 . Responsibility of Trustee	  	 	79	 	
Section 14.10 . Notice to Holders Prior to Certain Actions	  	 	80	 	
Section 14.11 . Stockholder Rights Plans	  	 	80	 	
Section 14.12 . Limit on Issuance of Shares of Common Stock Upon Conversion	  	 	81	 	
	
ARTICLE 15	 	
R EPURCHASE OF N OTES AT O PTION OF H OLDERS	 	
		
Section 15.01 . [ Intentionally Omitted ]	  	 	81	 	
Section 15.02 . Repurchase  at Option of Holders Upon a Fundamental Change	  	 	81	 	
Section 15.03 . Withdrawal of Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice	  	 	84	 	
Section 15.04 . Deposit of Fundamental Change Repurchase Price	  	 	84	 	
Section 15.05. Covenant to Comply with Applicable Laws Upon Repurchase of Notes	  	 	85	 	
Section 15.06. Third Party Offers	  	 	85	 	
Section 15.07. Reference Property Exception	  	 	85	 	
	
ARTICLE 16	 	
N O R EDEMPTION	 	
		
Section 16.01. No Redemption	  	 	86	 	
	
ARTICLE 17	 	
M ISCELLANEOUS P ROVISIONS	 	
		
Section 17.01 . Provisions Binding on Company’s Successors	  	 	86	 	
Section 17.02 . Official Acts by Successor Corporation	  	 	86	 	
Section 17.03 . Addresses for Notices, Etc	  	 	86	 	
Section 17.04 . Governing Law; Jurisdiction	  	 	87	 	
Section 17.05 . Evidence of Compliance with Conditions Precedent; Certificates and Opinions of Counsel to Trustee	  	 	87	 	
Section 17.06 . Legal Holidays	  	 	88	 	
Section 17.07 . No Security Interest Created	  	 	88	 	
Section 17.08 . Benefits of Indenture	  	 	88	 	
Section 17.09 . Table of Contents, Headings, Etc	  	 	88	 	
Section 17.10 . Authenticating Agent	  	 	88	 	
Section 17.11 . Execution in Counterparts	  	 	89	 	
Section 17.12 . Severability	  	 	90	 	
Section 17.13 . Waiver of Jury Trial	  	 	90	 	
Section 17.14 . Force Majeure	  	 	90	 	
 
iv

					
Section 17.15 . Calculations	  	 	90	 	
Section 17.16. USA PATRIOT Act	  	 	90	 	
Section 17.17. Withholding Taxes	  	 	90	 	
	
EXHIBIT	 	
		
Exhibit A Form of Note	  	 	A-1	 	
 
v

INDENTURE dated as of June 30, 2015 between IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC., a Delaware corporation, as issuer (the “ Company ,” as more fully set forth in Section 1.01) and WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a national banking association, as trustee (the “ Trustee ,” as more fully set forth in Section 1.01).
In order to declare the terms and conditions upon which the Company’s 2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022 (the “ Notes ”) are, and are to be, authenticated, issued and delivered, and in consideration of the premises and of the purchase and acceptance of the Notes by the Holders thereof, the Company covenants and agrees with the Trustee for the equal and proportionate benefit of the respective Holders from time to time of the Notes (except as otherwise provided below), as follows:
ARTICLE 1
D EFINITIONS
Section 1.01. Definitions. The terms defined in this Section 1.01 (except as herein otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires) for all purposes of this Indenture and of any indenture supplemental hereto shall have the respective meanings specified in this Section 1.01. The words “herein,” “hereof,” “hereunder” and words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision. The terms defined in this Article include the plural as well as the singular.
“ Additional Amounts ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 4.09.
“ Additional Interest ” means all amounts, if any, payable pursuant to Section 4.06(d), Section 4.06(e) and Section 6.03, as applicable.
“ Additional Shares ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 14.03(a).
“ Affiliate ” of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, “control,” when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, the determination of whether one Person is an “ Affiliate ” of another Person for purposes of this Indenture shall be made based on the facts at the time such determination is made or required to be made, as the case may be, hereunder.
“ Bid Solicitation Agent ” means the Company or the Person appointed by the Company to solicit bids for the Trading Price of the Notes in accordance with Section 14.01(b)(i). The Trustee shall initially act as the Bid Solicitation Agent; provided that the Company may appoint another Person as the Bid Solicitation Agent (including the Company or any of its Affiliates) without prior notice to Holders.

“ Board of Directors ” means the board of directors of the Company or a committee of such board duly authorized to act for it hereunder.
“ Board Resolution ” means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors, and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification, and delivered to the Trustee.
“ Business Day ” means, with respect to any Note, any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which the Federal Reserve Bank of New York is authorized or required by law or executive order to close or be closed.
“ Capital Stock ” means, for any entity, any and all shares, interests, rights to purchase, warrants, options, participations or other equivalents of or interests in (however designated) stock issued by that entity.
“ Cash Settlement ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 14.02(a).
“ Clause A Distribution ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 14.04(c).
“ Clause B Distribution ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 14.04(c).
“ Clause C Distribution ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 14.04(c).
“ close of business ” means 5:00 p.m. (New York City time).
“ Combination Settlement ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 14.02(a).
“ Commission ” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
“ Common Equity ” of any Person means Capital Stock of such Person that is generally entitled (a) to vote in the election of directors of such Person or (b) if such Person is not a corporation, to vote or otherwise participate in the selection of the governing body, partners, managers or others that will control the management or policies of such Person.
“ Common Stock ” means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share, at the date of this Indenture, subject to Section 14.07.
“ Company ” shall have the meaning specified in the first paragraph of this Indenture, and subject to the provisions of Article 11, shall include its successors and assigns.
“ Company Order ” means a written order of the Company, signed by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Financial Officer, Executive or Senior Vice President or any Vice President (whether or not designated by a number or numbers or word or words added before or after the title “Vice President”), and delivered to the Trustee.
 
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“ Conversion Agent ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 4.02.
“ Conversion Date ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 14.02(c).
“ Conversion Obligation ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 14.01(a).
“ Conversion Price ” means as of any time, $1,000, divided by the Conversion Rate as of such time.
“ Conversion Rate ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 14.01(a).
“ Corporate Trust Office ” means the principal office of the Trustee at which at any time its corporate trust business regarding this Indenture shall be administered, which office at the date hereof is located at 1100 North Market Street, Wilmington, DE 19890, Attention: Impax Laboratories Administrator, or such other address as the Trustee may designate from time to time by notice to the Holders and the Company, or the principal corporate trust office of any successor trustee (or such other address as such successor trustee may designate from time to time by notice to the Holders and the Company).
“ Custodian ” means the Trustee, as custodian for The Depository Trust Company, with respect to the Global Notes, or any successor entity thereto.
“ Daily Conversion Value ” means, for each of the 40 consecutive Trading Days during the Observation Period, 2.5% of the product of (a) the Conversion Rate on such Trading Day and (b) the Daily VWAP for such Trading Day.
“ Daily Measurement Value ” means the Specified Dollar Amount (if any), divided by 40.
“ Daily Settlement Amount ,” for each of the 40 consecutive Trading Days during the Observation Period, shall consist of:
(a) cash in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) the Daily Measurement Value and (ii) the Daily Conversion Value on such Trading Day; and
(b) if the Daily Conversion Value on such Trading Day exceeds the Daily Measurement Value, a number of shares of Common Stock equal to (i) the difference between the Daily Conversion Value and the Daily Measurement Value, divided by (ii) the Daily VWAP for such Trading Day.
“ Daily VWAP ” means, for each of the 40 consecutive Trading Days during the relevant Observation Period, the per share volume-weighted average price as displayed under the heading “Bloomberg VWAP” on Bloomberg page “IPXL <equity> AQR” (or its equivalent successor if such page is not available) in respect of the period from the scheduled open of trading until the scheduled close of trading of the primary trading session on such Trading Day (or if such volume-weighted average price is unavailable, the market value of one share of the Common Stock on such Trading Day determined, using a volume-weighted average method, by a nationally recognized independent investment banking firm retained for this purpose by the Company). The “ Daily VWAP ” shall be determined without regard to after-hours trading or any other trading outside of the regular trading session trading hours.
 
3

“ Default ” means any event that is, or after notice or passage of time, or both, would be, an Event of Default.
“ Defaulted Amounts ” means any amounts on any Note (including, without limitation, the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price, principal and interest) that are payable but are not punctually paid or duly provided for.
“ Depositary ” means, with respect to each Global Note, the Person specified in Section 2.05(c) as the Depositary with respect to such Notes, until a successor shall have been appointed and become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter, “ Depositary ” shall mean or include such successor.
“ Distributed Property ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 14.04(c).
“ Effective Date ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 14.03(c), except that, as used in Section 14.04 and Section 14.05, “ Effective Date ” means the first date on which shares of the Common Stock trade on the applicable exchange or in the applicable market, regular way, reflecting the relevant share split or share combination, as applicable.
“ Event of Default ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 6.01.
“ Ex-Dividend Date ” means the first date on which shares of the Common Stock trade on the applicable exchange or in the applicable market, regular way, without the right to receive the issuance, dividend or distribution in question, from the Company or, if applicable, from the seller of Common Stock on such exchange or market (in the form of due bills or otherwise) as determined by such exchange or market.
“ Exchange Act ” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“ FATCA ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 4.09.
“ Form of Assignment and Transfer ” means the “Form of Assignment and Transfer” attached as Attachment 3 to the Form of Note attached hereto as Exhibit A.
“ Form of Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice ” means the “Form of Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice” attached as Attachment 2 to the Form of Note attached hereto as Exhibit A.
 
4

“ Form of Note ” means the “Form of Note” attached hereto as Exhibit A.
“ Form of Notice of Conversion ” means the “Form of Notice of Conversion” attached as Attachment 1 to the Form of Note attached hereto as Exhibit A.
“ Fundamental Change ” shall be deemed to have occurred at the time after the Notes are originally issued if any of the following occurs:
(a) a “person” or “group” within the meaning of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act, other than the Company, its Wholly Owned Subsidiaries and the employee benefit plans of the Company and its Wholly Owned Subsidiaries, files a Schedule TO or any schedule, form or report under the Exchange Act disclosing that such person or group has become the direct or indirect “beneficial owner,” as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, of the Company’s Common Equity representing more than 50% of the voting power of all classes of the Company’s Common Equity;
(b) the consummation of (A) any recapitalization, reclassification or change of the Common Stock (other than changes resulting from a subdivision or combination) as a result of which the Common Stock would be converted into, or exchanged for, stock, other securities, other property or assets; (B) any share exchange, consolidation or merger of the Company pursuant to which the Common Stock will be converted into cash, securities or other property or assets; or (C) any sale, lease or other transfer in one transaction or a series of transactions of all or substantially all of the consolidated assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to any Person other than one of the Company’s Wholly Owned Subsidiaries; provided , however , that a transaction described in clause (B) in which the holders of all classes of the Company’s Common Equity immediately prior to such transaction own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of all classes of Common Equity of the continuing or surviving corporation or transferee or the parent thereof immediately after such transaction in substantially the same proportions as such ownership immediately prior to such transaction shall not be a Fundamental Change pursuant to this clause (b);
(c) the stockholders of the Company approve any plan or proposal for the liquidation or dissolution of the Company; or
(d) the Common Stock (or other shares or Capital Stock or Reference Property underlying the Notes) ceases to be listed or quoted on any of The New York Stock Exchange, The NASDAQ Global Select Market or The NASDAQ Global Market (or any of their respective successors);
provided , however , that a transaction or transactions described in clause (a) or clause (b) above shall not constitute a Fundamental Change, if at least 90% of the consideration received or to be received by the common stockholders of the Company, excluding cash payments for fractional shares and cash payments made pursuant to dissenters’ appraisal rights, in connection with such transaction or transactions consists of shares of common stock that are listed or quoted on any of The New York Stock Exchange, The NASDAQ Global Select Market or The NASDAQ Global Market (or any of their respective successors) or will be so listed or quoted when issued or exchanged in connection with such transaction or transactions and as a result of such transaction or transactions the Notes become convertible into such consideration, excluding cash payments for fractional shares and cash payments made pursuant to dissenters’ appraisal rights (subject to the provisions of Section 14.02(a)). If any transaction in which the Common Stock is replaced by the securities of another entity occurs, following completion of any related Make-Whole Fundamental Change Period (or, in the case of a transaction that would have been a Fundamental Change or a Make-Whole Fundamental Change but for the proviso immediately following clause (d) of the definition thereof, following the effective date of such transaction) references to the Company in this definition shall instead be references to such other entity.
 
5

“ Fundamental Change Company Notice ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 15.02(c).
“ Fundamental Change Repurchase Date ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 15.02(a).
“ Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 15.02(b)(i).
“ Fundamental Change Repurchase Price ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 15.02(a).
“ Global Note ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 2.05(b).
“ Holder ,” as applied to any Note, or other similar terms (but excluding the term “beneficial holder”), means any Person in whose name at the time a particular Note is registered on the Note Register.
“ Indenture ” means this instrument as originally executed or, if amended or supplemented as herein provided, as so amended or supplemented.
“ Interest Payment Date ” means each June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on December 15, 2015.
“ Last Reported Sale Price ” of the Common Stock on any date means the closing sale price per share (or if no closing sale price is reported, the average of the bid and ask prices or, if more than one in either case, the average of the average bid and the average ask prices) on that date as reported in composite transactions for the principal U.S. national or regional securities exchange on which the Common Stock is traded. If the Common Stock is not listed for trading on a U.S. national or regional securities exchange on the relevant date, the “ Last Reported Sale Price ” shall be the last quoted bid price for the Common Stock in the over-the-counter market on the relevant date as reported by OTC Markets Group Inc. or a similar organization. If the Common Stock is not so quoted, the “ Last Reported Sale Price ” shall be the average of the mid-point of the last bid and last ask prices for the Common Stock on the relevant date from a nationally recognized independent investment banking firm selected by the Company for this purpose.
 
6

“ Make-Whole Fundamental Change ” means any transaction or event that constitutes a Fundamental Change (as defined above and determined after giving effect to any exceptions to or exclusions from such definition, but without regard to the proviso in clause (b) of the definition thereof).
“ Make-Whole Fundamental Change Period ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 14.03(a).
“ Market Disruption Event ” means, for the purposes of determining amounts due upon conversion (a) a failure by the primary U.S. national or regional securities exchange or market on which the Common Stock is listed or admitted for trading to open for trading during its regular trading session or (b) the occurrence or existence prior to 1:00 p.m., New York City time, on any Scheduled Trading Day for the Common Stock for more than one half-hour period in the aggregate during regular trading hours of any suspension or limitation imposed on trading (by reason of movements in price exceeding limits permitted by the relevant stock exchange or otherwise) in the Common Stock or in any options contracts or futures contracts relating to the Common Stock.
“ Maturity Date ” means June 15, 2022.
“ Maximum Number of Underlying Shares ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 14.02(a)(iii).
“ Measurement Period ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 14.01(b)(i).
“ Merger Event ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 14.07(a).
“ Note ” or “ Notes ” shall have the meaning specified in the first paragraph of the recitals of this Indenture.
“ Note Register ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 2.05(a).
“ Note Registrar ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 2.05(a).
“ Notice of Conversion ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 14.02(b).
“ Observation Period ” with respect to any Note surrendered for conversion means: (i) if the relevant Conversion Date occurs prior to December 15, 2021, the 40 consecutive Trading Day period beginning on, and including, the second Trading Day immediately succeeding such Conversion Date; and (ii) if the relevant Conversion Date occurs on or after December 15, 2021, the 40 consecutive Trading Days beginning on, and including, the 42nd Scheduled Trading Day immediately preceding the Maturity Date.
 
7

“ Offering Memorandum ” means the preliminary offering memorandum dated June 23, 2015, as supplemented by the related pricing term sheet dated June 25, 2015, relating to the offering and sale of the Notes.
“ Officer ” means, with respect to the Company, the President, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer, the Secretary, any Executive or Senior Vice President or any Vice President (whether or not designated by a number or numbers or word or words added before or after the title “Vice President”).
“ Officer’s Certificate ,” when used with respect to the Company, means a certificate that is delivered to the Trustee and that is signed by an Officer of the Company. Each such certificate shall include the statements provided for in Section 17.05 if and to the extent required by the provisions of such Section. The Officer giving an Officer’s Certificate pursuant to Section 4.08 shall be the principal executive, financial or accounting officer of the Company.
“ 1% Exception ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 14.04(k).
“ open of business ” means 9:00 a.m. (New York City time).
“ Opinion of Counsel ” means an opinion in writing signed by legal counsel, who may be an employee of or counsel to the Company, or other counsel acceptable to the Trustee, that is delivered to the Trustee, which opinion may contain customary exceptions and qualifications as to the matters set forth therein. Each such opinion shall include the statements provided for in Section 17.05 if and to the extent required by the provisions of such Section 17.05.
“ outstanding ,” when used with reference to Notes, shall, subject to the provisions of Section 8.04, mean, as of any particular time, all Notes authenticated and delivered by the Trustee under this Indenture, except:
(a) Notes theretofore canceled by the Trustee or accepted by the Trustee for cancellation;
(b) Notes, or portions thereof, that have become due and payable and in respect of which monies in the necessary amount shall have been deposited in trust with the Trustee or with any Paying Agent (other than the Company) or shall have been set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent);
(c) Notes that have been paid pursuant to Section 2.06 or Notes in lieu of which, or in substitution for which, other Notes shall have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to the terms of Section 2.06 unless proof satisfactory to the Trustee is presented that any such Notes are held by protected purchasers in due course;
(d) Notes converted pursuant to Article 14 and required to be cancelled pursuant to Section 2.08; and
 
8

(e) Notes repurchased by the Company pursuant to the penultimate sentence of Section 2.10.
“ Paying Agent ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 4.02.
“ Person ” means an individual, a corporation, a limited liability company, an association, a partnership, a joint venture, a joint stock company, a trust, an unincorporated organization or a government or an agency or a political subdivision thereof.
“ Physical Notes ” means permanent certificated Notes in registered form issued in denominations of $1,000 principal amount and integral multiples thereof.
“ Physical Settlement ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 14.02(a).
“ Predecessor Note ” of any particular Note means every previous Note evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such particular Note; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Note authenticated and delivered under Section 2.06 in lieu of or in exchange for a mutilated, lost, destroyed or stolen Note shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the mutilated, lost, destroyed or stolen Note that it replaces.
“ Record Date ” means, with respect to any dividend, distribution or other transaction or event in which the holders of Common Stock (or other applicable security) have the right to receive any cash, securities or other property or in which the Common Stock (or such other security) is exchanged for or converted into any combination of cash, securities or other property, the date fixed for determination of holders of the Common Stock (or such other security) entitled to receive such cash, securities or other property (whether such date is fixed by the Board of Directors, by statute, by contract or otherwise).
“ Reference Property ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 14.07(a).
“ Regular Record Date ,” with respect to any Interest Payment Date, means the June 1 or December 1 (whether or not such day is a Business Day) immediately preceding the applicable June 15 or December 15 Interest Payment Date, respectively.
“ Relevant Taxing Jurisdiction ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 4.09.
“ Resale Restriction Termination Date ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 2.05(c).
“ Responsible Officer ” means, when used with respect to the Trustee, any officer within the corporate trust department of the Trustee, including any vice president, assistant vice president, assistant secretary, assistant treasurer, trust officer or any other officer of the Trustee who customarily performs functions similar to those performed by the Persons who at the time shall be such officers, respectively, or to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of such person’s knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject and who shall have direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture.
 
9

“ Restricted Securities ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 2.05(c).
“ Rule 144 ” means Rule 144 as promulgated under the Securities Act.
“ Rule 144A ” means Rule 144A as promulgated under the Securities Act.
“ Scheduled Trading Day ” means a day that is scheduled to be a Trading Day on the principal U.S. national or regional securities exchange or market on which the Common Stock is listed or admitted for trading. If the Common Stock is not so listed or admitted for trading, “ Scheduled Trading Day ” means a Business Day.
“ Securities Act ” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“ Settlement Amount ” has the meaning specified in Section 14.02(a)(v).
“ Settlement Method ” means, with respect to any conversion of Notes, Physical Settlement, Cash Settlement or Combination Settlement, as elected (or deemed to have been elected) by the Company.
“ Settlement Notice ” has the meaning specified in Section 14.02(a)(iv).
“ Significant Subsidiary ” means a Subsidiary of the Company that meets the definition of “significant subsidiary” under Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X under the Exchange Act.
“ Specified Dollar Amount ” means the maximum cash amount per $1,000 principal amount of Notes to be received upon conversion as specified in the Settlement Notice related to any converted Notes.
“ Spin-Off ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 14.04(c).
“ Stock Price ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 14.03(c).
“ Stockholder Approval Date ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 14.02(a)(iii).
“ Subsidiary ” means, with respect to any Person, any corporation, association, partnership or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of Capital Stock or other interests (including partnership interests) entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers, general partners or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by (i) such Person; (ii) such Person and one or more Subsidiaries of such Person; or (iii) one or more Subsidiaries of such Person.
“ Successor Company ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 11.01(a).
“ Surviving Entity ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 4.09.
 
10

“ Trading Day ” means a day on which (i) trading in the Common Stock (or other security for which a closing sale price must be determined) generally occurs on The NASDAQ Global Select Market or, if the Common Stock (or such other security) is not then listed on The NASDAQ Global Select Market, on the principal other U.S. national or regional securities exchange on which the Common Stock (or such other security) is then listed or, if the Common Stock (or such other security) is not then listed on a U.S. national or regional securities exchange, on the principal other market on which the Common Stock (or such other security) is then traded and (ii) a Last Reported Sale Price for the Common Stock (or such other security) is available on such securities exchange or market; provided that if the Common Stock (or such other security) is not so listed or traded, “ Trading Day ” means a Business Day; and provided , further , that for purposes of determining amounts due upon conversion only, “ Trading Day ” means a day on which (x) there is no Market Disruption Event and (y) trading in the Common Stock generally occurs on The NASDAQ Global Select Market or, if the Common Stock is not then listed on The NASDAQ Global Select Market, on the principal other U.S. national or regional securities exchange on which the Common Stock is then listed or, if the Common Stock is not then listed on a U.S. national or regional securities exchange, on the principal other market on which the Common Stock is then listed or admitted for trading, except that if the Common Stock is not so listed or admitted for trading, “ Trading Day ” means a Business Day.
“ Trading Price ” of the Notes on any date of determination means the average of the secondary market bid quotations obtained by the Bid Solicitation Agent for $5,000,000 principal amount of Notes at approximately 3:30 p.m., New York City time, on such determination date from three independent nationally recognized securities dealers the Company selects for this purpose and directs to work with the Bid Solicitation Agent (if other than the Company); provided that if three such bids cannot reasonably be obtained by the Bid Solicitation Agent but two such bids are obtained, then the average of the two bids shall be used, and if only one such bid can reasonably be obtained by the Bid Solicitation Agent, that one bid shall be used. If the Bid Solicitation Agent cannot reasonably obtain at least one bid for $5,000,000 principal amount of Notes from a nationally recognized securities dealer on any determination date, then the Trading Price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes on such determination date shall be deemed to be less than 98% of the product of the Last Reported Sale Price of the Common Stock and the Conversion Rate.
“ transfer ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 2.05(c).
“ Transfer Restrictions ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 2.05(c).
“ Trigger Event ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 14.04(c).
“ Trust Indenture Act ” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, as it was in force at the date of execution of this Indenture; provided , however , that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after the date hereof, the term “Trust Indenture Act” shall mean, to the extent required by such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as so amended.
 
11

“ Trustee ” means the Person named as the “ Trustee ” in the first paragraph of this Indenture until a successor trustee shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “ Trustee ” shall mean or include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder.
“ unit of Reference Property ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 14.07(a).
“ Valuation Period ” shall have the meaning specified in Section 14.04(c).
“ Wholly Owned Subsidiary ” means, with respect to any Person, any Subsidiary of such Person, except that, solely for purposes of this definition, the reference to “50%” in the definition of “Subsidiary” shall be deemed replaced by a reference to “100%”.
Section 1.02. References to Interest. Unless the context otherwise requires, any reference to interest on, or in respect of, any Note in this Indenture shall be deemed to include Additional Interest if, in such context, Additional Interest is, was or would be payable pursuant to any of Section 4.06(d), Section 4.06(e) and Section 6.03. Unless the context otherwise requires, any express mention of Additional Interest in any provision hereof shall not be construed as excluding Additional Interest in those provisions hereof where such express mention is not made.
ARTICLE 2
I SSUE , D ESCRIPTION , E XECUTION , R EGISTRATION AND E XCHANGE OF N OTES
Section 2.01. Designation and Amount. The Notes shall be designated as the “2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022.” The aggregate principal amount of Notes that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is initially limited to $600,000,000, subject to Section 2.10 and except for Notes authenticated and delivered upon registration or transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of other Notes to the extent expressly permitted hereunder.
Section 2.02. Form of Notes. The Notes and the Trustee’s certificate of authentication to be borne by such Notes shall be substantially in the respective forms set forth in Exhibit A, the terms and provisions of which shall constitute, and are hereby expressly incorporated in and made a part of this Indenture. To the extent applicable, the Company and the Trustee, by their execution and delivery of this Indenture, expressly agree to such terms and provisions and to be bound thereby.
Any Global Note may be endorsed with or have incorporated in the text thereof such legends or recitals or changes not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture as may be required by the Custodian or the Depositary, or as may be required to comply with any applicable law or any regulation thereunder or with the rules and regulations of any securities exchange or automated quotation system upon which the Notes may be listed or traded or designated for issuance or to conform with any usage with respect thereto, or to indicate any special limitations or restrictions to which any particular Notes are subject.
 
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Any of the Notes may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such notations, legends or endorsements as the Officers executing the same may approve (execution thereof to be conclusive evidence of such approval) and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, or as may be required to comply with any law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule or regulation of any securities exchange or automated quotation system on which the Notes may be listed or designated for issuance, or to conform to usage or to indicate any special limitations or restrictions to which any particular Notes are subject.
Each Global Note shall represent such principal amount of the outstanding Notes as shall be specified therein and shall provide that it shall represent the aggregate principal amount of outstanding Notes from time to time endorsed thereon and that the aggregate principal amount of outstanding Notes represented thereby may from time to time be increased or reduced to reflect repurchases, cancellations, conversions, transfers or exchanges permitted hereby. Any endorsement of a Global Note to reflect the amount of any increase or decrease in the amount of outstanding Notes represented thereby shall be made by the Trustee or the Custodian, at the direction of the Trustee, in such manner and upon instructions given by the Holder of such Notes in accordance with this Indenture. Payment of principal (including the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price, if applicable) of, and accrued and unpaid interest on, a Global Note shall be made to the Holder of such Note on the date of payment, unless a record date or other means of determining Holders eligible to receive payment is provided for herein.
Section 2.03. Date and Denomination of Notes; Payments of Interest and Defaulted Amounts. (a) The Notes shall be issuable in registered form without coupons in minimum denominations of $1,000 principal amount and integral multiples thereof. Each Note shall be dated the date of its authentication and shall bear interest from the date specified on the face of such Note. Accrued interest on the Notes shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day months and, for partial months, on the basis of the number of days actually elapsed in a 30-day month.
(b) The Person in whose name any Note (or its Predecessor Note) is registered on the Note Register at the close of business on any Regular Record Date with respect to any Interest Payment Date shall be entitled to receive the interest payable on such Interest Payment Date. The principal amount of any Note (x) in the case of any Physical Note, shall be payable at the office or agency of the Company maintained by the Company for such purposes in the contiguous United States, which shall initially be the Corporate Trust Office and (y) in the case of any Global Note, shall be payable by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the account of the Depositary or its nominee. The Company shall pay or cause the Paying Agent to pay interest (i) on any Physical Notes (A) to Holders holding Physical Notes having an aggregate principal amount of $5,000,000 or less, by check mailed to the Holders of these Notes at their address as it appears in the Note Register and (B) to Holders holding Physical Notes having an aggregate principal amount of more than $5,000,000, either by check mailed to each Holder or, upon application by such a Holder to the Note Registrar not later than the relevant Regular Record Date, by wire transfer in immediately available funds to that Holder’s account within the United States, which application shall remain in effect until the Holder notifies, in writing, the Note Registrar to the contrary or (ii) on any Global Note by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the account of the Depositary or its nominee.
 
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(c) Any Defaulted Amounts shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on the relevant payment date but shall accrue interest per annum at the rate borne by the Notes, subject to the enforceability thereof under applicable law, from, and including, such relevant payment date, and such Defaulted Amounts together with such interest thereon shall be paid by the Company, at its election in each case, as provided in clause (i) or (ii) below:
(i) The Company may elect to make payment of or cause the Paying Agent to make payment of any Defaulted Amounts to the Persons in whose names the Notes (or their respective Predecessor Notes) are registered at the close of business on a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Amounts, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of the Defaulted Amounts proposed to be paid on each Note and the date of the proposed payment (which shall be not less than 25 days after the receipt by the Trustee of such notice, unless the Trustee shall consent to an earlier date), and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Amounts or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit on or prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Amounts as in this clause provided. Thereupon the Company shall fix a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Amounts which shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment, and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee of such special record date and the Trustee, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Amounts and the special record date therefor to be mailed, first-class postage prepaid or sent electronically, to each Holder at its address as it appears in the Note Register, not less than 10 days prior to such special record date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Amounts and the special record date therefor having been so sent, such Defaulted Amounts shall be paid to the Persons in whose names the Notes (or their respective Predecessor Notes) are registered at the close of business on such special record date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following clause (ii) of this Section 2.03(c).
(ii) The Company may make payment of or cause the Paying Agent to make payment of any Defaulted Amounts in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange or automated quotation system on which the Notes may be listed or designated for issuance, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange or automated quotation system, if, after written notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.
 
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Section 2.04. Execution, Authentication and Delivery of Notes. The Notes shall be signed in the name and on behalf of the Company by the manual or facsimile signature of its Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Secretary or any of its Executive or Senior Vice Presidents.
At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Notes executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such Notes, and the Trustee in accordance with such Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such Notes, without any further action by the Company hereunder.
Only such Notes as shall bear thereon a certificate of authentication substantially in the form set forth on the form of Note attached as Exhibit A hereto, executed manually by an authorized signatory of the Trustee (or an authenticating agent appointed by the Trustee as provided by Section 17.10), shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose. Such certificate by the Trustee (or such an authenticating agent) upon any Note executed by the Company shall be conclusive evidence that the Note so authenticated has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and that the Holder is entitled to the benefits of this Indenture.
In case any Officer of the Company who shall have signed any of the Notes shall cease to be such Officer before the Notes so signed shall have been authenticated and delivered by the Trustee, or disposed of by the Company, such Notes nevertheless may be authenticated and delivered or disposed of as though the person who signed such Notes had not ceased to be such Officer of the Company; and any Note may be signed on behalf of the Company by such persons as, at the actual date of the execution of such Note, shall be the Officers of the Company, although at the date of the execution of this Indenture any such person was not such an Officer.
Section 2.05. Exchange and Registration of Transfer of Notes; Restrictions on Transfer; Depositary. (a) The Company shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office a register (the register maintained in such office or in any other office or agency of the Company designated pursuant to Section 4.02, the “ Note Register ”) in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide for the registration of Notes and of transfers of Notes. Such register shall be in written form or in any form capable of being converted into written form within a reasonable period of time. The Trustee is hereby initially appointed the “ Note Registrar ” for the purpose of registering Notes and transfers of Notes as herein provided. The Company may appoint one or more co-Note Registrars in accordance with Section 4.02.
Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Note to the Note Registrar or any co-Note Registrar, and satisfaction of the requirements for such transfer set forth in this Section 2.05, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Notes of any authorized denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount and bearing such restrictive legends as may be required by this Indenture.
 
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Notes may be exchanged for other Notes of any authorized denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Notes to be exchanged at any such office or agency maintained by the Company pursuant to Section 4.02. Whenever any Notes are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee upon receipt of a Company Order shall authenticate and deliver, the Notes that the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive, bearing registration numbers not contemporaneously outstanding.
All Notes presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange, repurchase or conversion shall (if so required by the Company, the Trustee, the Note Registrar or any co-Note Registrar) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument or instruments of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and duly executed, by the Holder thereof or its attorney-in-fact duly authorized in writing.
No service charge shall be imposed by the Company, the Trustee, the Note Registrar, any co-Note Registrar or the Paying Agent for any exchange or registration of transfer of Notes, but the Company may require a Holder to pay a sum sufficient to cover any documentary, stamp or similar issue or transfer tax required in connection therewith as a result of the name of the Holder of new Notes issued upon such exchange or registration of transfer being different from the name of the Holder of the old Notes surrendered for exchange or registration of transfer.
None of the Company, the Trustee, the Note Registrar or any co-Note Registrar shall be required to exchange or register a transfer of (i) any Notes surrendered for conversion or, if a portion of any Note is surrendered for conversion, such portion thereof surrendered for conversion or (ii) any Notes, or a portion of any Note, surrendered for repurchase (and not withdrawn) in accordance with Article 15.
All Notes issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of Notes in accordance with this Indenture shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as the Notes surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.
(b) So long as the Notes are eligible for book-entry settlement with the Depositary, unless otherwise required by law, subject to the fourth paragraph from the end of Section 2.05(c) all Notes shall be represented by one or more Notes in global form (each, a “ Global Note ”) registered in the name of the Depositary or the nominee of the Depositary. The transfer and exchange of beneficial interests in a Global Note that does not involve the issuance of a Physical Note shall be effected through the Depositary (but not the Trustee or the Custodian) in accordance with this Indenture (including the restrictions on transfer set forth herein) and the procedures of the Depositary therefor.
(c) Every Note that bears or is required under this Section 2.05(c) to bear the legend set forth in this Section 2.05(c) (together with any Common Stock issued upon conversion of the Notes that is required to bear the legend set forth in Section 2.05(d), collectively, the “ Restricted Securities ”) shall be subject to the restrictions on transfer set forth in this Section 2.05(c) (including the legend set forth below) (the “ Transfer Restrictions ”), unless such Transfer Restrictions shall be eliminated or otherwise waived by written consent of the Company, and the Holder of each such Restricted Security, by such Holder’s acceptance thereof, agrees to be bound by all such Transfer Restrictions. As used in this Section 2.05(c) and Section 2.05(d), the term “ transfer ” encompasses any sale, pledge, transfer or other disposition whatsoever of any Restricted Security.
 
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Until the date (the “ Resale Restriction Termination Date ”) that is the later of (1) the date that is one year after the last date of original issuance of the Notes, or such shorter period of time as permitted by Rule 144 or any successor provision thereto, and (2) such later date, if any, as may be required by applicable law, any certificate evidencing such Note (and all securities issued in exchange therefor or substitution thereof, other than Common Stock, if any, issued upon conversion thereof, which shall bear the legend set forth in Section 2.05(d), if applicable) shall bear a legend in substantially the following form (unless such Notes have been transferred pursuant to a registration statement that has become or been declared effective under the Securities Act and that continues to be effective at the time of such transfer, or sold pursuant to the exemption from registration provided by Rule 144 or any similar provision then in force under the Securities Act, or unless otherwise agreed by the Company in writing, with notice thereof to the Trustee):
THIS SECURITY AND THE COMMON STOCK, IF ANY, ISSUABLE UPON CONVERSION OF THIS SECURITY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “ SECURITIES ACT ”), AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE. BY ITS ACQUISITION HEREOF OR OF A BENEFICIAL INTEREST HEREIN, THE ACQUIRER:
(1) REPRESENTS THAT IT AND ANY ACCOUNT FOR WHICH IT IS ACTING IS A “QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER” (WITHIN THE MEANING OF RULE 144A UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT) AND THAT IT EXERCISES SOLE INVESTMENT DISCRETION WITH RESPECT TO EACH SUCH ACCOUNT, AND
(2) AGREES FOR THE BENEFIT OF IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC. (THE “ COMPANY ”) THAT IT WILL NOT OFFER, SELL, PLEDGE OR OTHERWISE TRANSFER THIS SECURITY OR ANY BENEFICIAL INTEREST HEREIN PRIOR TO THE DATE THAT IS THE LATER OF (X) ONE YEAR AFTER THE LAST ORIGINAL ISSUE DATE HEREOF OR SUCH SHORTER PERIOD OF TIME AS PERMITTED BY RULE 144 UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR ANY SUCCESSOR PROVISION THERETO AND (Y) SUCH LATER DATE, IF ANY, AS MAY BE REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW, EXCEPT:
(A) TO THE COMPANY OR ANY SUBSIDIARY THEREOF, OR
(B) PURSUANT TO A REGISTRATION STATEMENT WHICH HAS BECOME EFFECTIVE UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, OR
 
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(C) TO A QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 144A UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, OR
(D) PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION PROVIDED BY RULE 144 UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR ANY OTHER AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT.
PRIOR TO THE REGISTRATION OF ANY TRANSFER IN ACCORDANCE WITH CLAUSE (2)(D) ABOVE, THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE RESERVE THE RIGHT TO REQUIRE THE DELIVERY OF SUCH LEGAL OPINIONS, CERTIFICATIONS OR OTHER EVIDENCE AS MAY REASONABLY BE REQUIRED IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THAT THE PROPOSED TRANSFER IS BEING MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE SECURITIES ACT AND APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. NO REPRESENTATION IS MADE AS TO THE AVAILABILITY OF ANY EXEMPTION FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT.
No transfer of any Note prior to the Resale Restriction Termination Date will be registered by the Note Registrar unless the applicable box on the Form of Assignment and Transfer has been checked.
Any Note (or security issued in exchange or substitution therefor) (i) as to which such restrictions on transfer shall have expired in accordance with their terms, (ii) that has been transferred pursuant to a registration statement that has become effective or been declared effective under the Securities Act and that continues to be effective at the time of such transfer or (iii) that has been sold pursuant to the exemption from registration provided by Rule 144 or any similar provision then in force under the Securities Act, may, upon surrender of such Note for exchange to the Note Registrar in accordance with the provisions of this Section 2.05, be exchanged for a new Note or Notes, of like tenor and aggregate principal amount, which shall not bear the restrictive legend required by this Section 2.05(c) and shall not be assigned a restricted CUSIP number. The Company shall be entitled to instruct the Custodian in writing to so surrender any Global Note as to which any of the conditions set forth in clause (i) through (iii) of the immediately preceding sentence have been satisfied, and, upon such instruction, the Custodian shall so surrender such Global Note for exchange; and any new Global Note so exchanged therefor shall not bear the restrictive legend specified in this Section 2.05(c) and shall not be assigned a restricted CUSIP number. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee in writing upon the occurrence of the Resale Restriction Termination Date and promptly after a registration statement, if any, with respect to the Notes or any Common Stock issued upon conversion of the Notes has been declared effective under the Securities Act.
Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Indenture (other than the provisions set forth in this Section 2.05(c)), a Global Note may not be transferred as a whole or in part except (i) by the Depositary to a nominee of the Depositary or by a nominee of the Depositary to the Depositary or another nominee of the Depositary or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such successor Depositary and (ii) for exchange of a Global Note or a portion thereof for one or more Physical Notes in accordance with the second immediately succeeding paragraph.
 
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The Depositary shall be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act. The Company initially appoints The Depository Trust Company to act as Depositary with respect to each Global Note. Initially, each Global Note shall be issued to the Depositary, registered in the name of Cede & Co., as the nominee of the Depositary, and deposited with the Trustee as custodian for Cede & Co.
If (i) the Depositary notifies the Company at any time that the Depositary is unwilling or unable to continue as depositary for the Global Notes and a successor depositary is not appointed within 90 days, (ii) the Depositary ceases to be registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act and a successor depositary is not appointed within 90 days, (iii) an Event of Default with respect to the Notes has occurred and is continuing and a beneficial owner of any Note requests through the Depositary that its beneficial interest therein be issued as a Physical Note or (iv) the Company and a Holder so agree, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officer’s Certificate and a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of Notes, shall authenticate and deliver, at the Company’s expense, (x) in the case of clause (iii) or (iv), a Physical Note to such beneficial owner in a principal amount equal to the principal amount of such Note corresponding to such beneficial owner’s beneficial interest and (y) in the case of clause (i) or (ii), Physical Notes to each beneficial owner of the related Global Notes (or a portion thereof) in an aggregate principal amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of such Global Notes in exchange for such Global Notes, and upon delivery of the Global Notes to the Trustee such Global Notes shall be canceled.
Physical Notes issued in exchange for all or a part of the Global Note pursuant to this Section 2.05(c) shall be registered in such names and in such authorized denominations as the Depositary, pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants or otherwise, or, in the case of clause (iii) or (iv) of the immediately preceding paragraph, the relevant beneficial owner, shall instruct the Trustee. Upon execution and authentication, the Trustee shall, at the Company’s expense, deliver such Physical Notes to the Persons in whose names such Physical Notes are so registered.
At such time as all interests in a Global Note have been converted, canceled, repurchased or transferred, such Global Note shall be, upon receipt thereof, canceled by the Trustee in accordance with standing procedures and existing instructions between the Depositary and the Custodian. At any time prior to such cancellation, if any interest in a Global Note is exchanged for Physical Notes, converted, canceled, repurchased or transferred to a transferee who receives Physical Notes therefor or any Physical Note is exchanged or transferred for part of such Global Note, the principal amount of such Global Note shall, in accordance with the standing procedures and instructions existing between the Depositary and the Custodian, be appropriately reduced or increased, as the case may be, and an endorsement shall be made on such Global Note, by the Trustee or the Custodian, at the direction of the Trustee, to reflect such reduction or increase.
 
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None of the Company, the Trustee or any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests of a Global Note or maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.
(d) Until the Resale Restriction Termination Date, any stock certificate representing Common Stock issued upon conversion of a Note shall bear a legend in substantially the following form (unless such Common Stock has been transferred pursuant to a registration statement that has become or been declared effective under the Securities Act and that continues to be effective at the time of such transfer, or pursuant to the exemption from registration provided by Rule 144 or any similar provision then in force under the Securities Act, or such Common Stock has been issued upon conversion of a Note that has transferred pursuant to a registration statement that has become or been declared effective under the Securities Act and that continues to be effective at the time of such transfer, or pursuant to the exemption from registration provided by Rule 144 or any similar provision then in force under the Securities Act, or unless otherwise agreed by the Company with written notice thereof to the Trustee and any transfer agent for the Common Stock):
THIS SECURITY HAS NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “ SECURITIES ACT ”), AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE. BY ITS ACQUISITION HEREOF OR OF A BENEFICIAL INTEREST HEREIN, THE ACQUIRER:
(1) REPRESENTS THAT IT AND ANY ACCOUNT FOR WHICH IT IS ACTING IS A “QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER” (WITHIN THE MEANING OF RULE 144A UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT) AND THAT IT EXERCISES SOLE INVESTMENT DISCRETION WITH RESPECT TO EACH SUCH ACCOUNT, AND
(2) AGREES FOR THE BENEFIT OF IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC. (THE “ COMPANY ”) THAT IT WILL NOT OFFER, SELL, PLEDGE OR OTHERWISE TRANSFER THIS SECURITY OR ANY BENEFICIAL INTEREST HEREIN PRIOR TO THE DATE THAT IS THE LATER OF (X) ONE YEAR AFTER THE LAST ORIGINAL ISSUE DATE OF THE SERIES OF NOTES UPON THE CONVERSION OF WHICH THIS SECURITY WAS ISSUED OR SUCH SHORTER PERIOD OF TIME AS PERMITTED BY RULE 144 UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR ANY SUCCESSOR PROVISION THERETO AND (Y) SUCH LATER DATE, IF ANY, AS MAY BE REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW, EXCEPT:
(A) TO THE COMPANY OR ANY SUBSIDIARY THEREOF, OR
(B) PURSUANT TO A REGISTRATION STATEMENT WHICH HAS BECOME EFFECTIVE UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, OR
 
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(C) TO A QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 144A UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, OR
(D) PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION PROVIDED BY RULE 144 UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR ANY OTHER AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT.
PRIOR TO THE REGISTRATION OF ANY TRANSFER IN ACCORDANCE WITH CLAUSE (2)(D) ABOVE, THE COMPANY AND THE TRANSFER AGENT FOR THE COMPANY’S COMMON STOCK RESERVE THE RIGHT TO REQUIRE THE DELIVERY OF SUCH LEGAL OPINIONS, CERTIFICATIONS OR OTHER EVIDENCE AS MAY REASONABLY BE REQUIRED IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THAT THE PROPOSED TRANSFER IS BEING MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE SECURITIES ACT AND APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. NO REPRESENTATION IS MADE AS TO THE AVAILABILITY OF ANY EXEMPTION FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT.
Any such Common Stock (i) as to which such restrictions on transfer shall have expired in accordance with their terms, (ii) that has been transferred pursuant to a registration statement that has become or been declared effective under the Securities Act and that continues to be effective at the time of such transfer or (iii) that has been sold pursuant to the exemption from registration provided by Rule 144 or any similar provision then in force under the Securities Act, may, upon surrender of the certificates representing such shares of Common Stock for exchange in accordance with the procedures of the transfer agent for the Common Stock, be exchanged for a new certificate or certificates for a like aggregate number of shares of Common Stock, which shall not bear the restrictive legend required by this Section 2.05(d).
(e) Any Note or Common Stock issued upon the conversion or exchange of a Note that is repurchased or owned by any Affiliate of the Company (or any Person who was an Affiliate of the Company at any time during the three months preceding) may not be resold by such Affiliate (or such Person, as the case may be) unless registered under the Securities Act or resold pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act in a transaction that results in such Note or Common Stock, as the case may be, no longer being a “restricted security” (as defined under Rule 144). The Company shall cause any Note that is repurchased or owned by it to be surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation in accordance with Section 2.08.
(f) The Trustee shall have no obligation or duty to monitor, determine or inquire as to compliance with any restrictions on transfer imposed under this Indenture or under applicable law with respect to any transfer of any interest in any Note (including any transfers between or among depositary participants or beneficial owners or holders of any Global Note) other than to require delivery of such certificates and other documentation or evidence as are expressly required by the terms of this Indenture, and to examine the same to determine substantial compliance as to form with the express requirements hereof.
 
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(g) Neither the Trustee nor any agent shall have any responsibility or liability for any actions taken or not taken by the Depositary.
Section 2.06. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Notes. In case any Note shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company in its discretion may execute, and upon receipt of a Company Order, the Trustee or an authenticating agent appointed by the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, a new Note, bearing a registration number not contemporaneously outstanding, in exchange and substitution for the mutilated Note, or in lieu of and in substitution for the Note so destroyed, lost or stolen. In every case the applicant for a substituted Note shall furnish to the Company, to the Trustee and, if applicable, to such authenticating agent such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them harmless from any loss, liability, cost or expense caused by or connected with such substitution, and, in every case of destruction, loss or theft, the applicant shall also furnish to the Company, to the Trustee and, if applicable, to such authenticating agent evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of such Note and of the ownership thereof.
The Trustee or such authenticating agent may authenticate any such substituted Note and deliver the same upon the receipt of such security or indemnity as the Trustee, the Company and, if applicable, such authenticating agent may require. No service charge shall be imposed by the Company, the Trustee, the Note Registrar, any co-Note Registrar or the Paying Agent upon the issuance of any substitute Note, but the Company may require a Holder to pay a sum sufficient to cover any documentary, stamp or similar issue or transfer tax required in connection therewith as a result of the name of the Holder of the new substitute Note being different from the name of the Holder of the old Note that became mutilated or was destroyed, lost or stolen. In case any Note that has matured or is about to mature or has been surrendered for required repurchase or is about to be converted in accordance with Article 14 shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company may, in its sole discretion, instead of issuing a substitute Note, pay or authorize the payment of or convert or authorize the conversion of the same (without surrender thereof except in the case of a mutilated Note), as the case may be, if the applicant for such payment or conversion shall furnish to the Company, to the Trustee and, if applicable, to such authenticating agent such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them harmless for any loss, liability, cost or expense caused by or connected with such substitution, and, in every case of destruction, loss or theft, evidence satisfactory to the Company, the Trustee and, if applicable, any Paying Agent or Conversion Agent evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of such Note and of the ownership thereof.
Every substitute Note issued pursuant to the provisions of this Section 2.06 by virtue of the fact that any Note is destroyed, lost or stolen shall constitute an additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Note shall be found at any time, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of (but shall be subject to all the limitations set forth in) this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Notes duly issued hereunder. To the extent permitted by law, all Notes shall be held and owned upon the express condition that the foregoing provisions are exclusive with respect to the replacement, payment, conversion or repurchase of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Notes and shall preclude any and all other rights or remedies notwithstanding any law or statute existing or hereafter enacted to the contrary with respect to the replacement, payment, conversion or repurchase of negotiable instruments or other securities without their surrender.
 
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Section 2.07. Temporary Notes. Pending the preparation of Physical Notes, the Company may execute and the Trustee or an authenticating agent appointed by the Trustee shall, upon receipt of a Company Order, authenticate and deliver temporary Notes (printed or lithographed). Temporary Notes shall be issuable in any authorized denomination, and substantially in the form of the Physical Notes but with such omissions, insertions and variations as may be appropriate for temporary Notes, all as may be determined by the Company. Every such temporary Note shall be executed by the Company and authenticated by the Trustee or such authenticating agent upon the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with the same effect, as the Physical Notes. Without unreasonable delay, the Company shall execute and deliver to the Trustee or such authenticating agent Physical Notes (other than any Global Note) and thereupon any or all temporary Notes (other than any Global Note) may be surrendered in exchange therefor, at each office or agency maintained by the Company pursuant to Section 4.02 and upon receipt of a Company Order, the Trustee or such authenticating agent shall authenticate and deliver in exchange for such temporary Notes an equal aggregate principal amount of Physical Notes. Such exchange shall be made by the Company at its own expense and without any charge therefor. Until so exchanged, the temporary Notes shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits and subject to the same limitations under this Indenture as Physical Notes authenticated and delivered hereunder.
Section 2.08. Cancellation of Notes Paid, Converted, Etc. The Company shall cause all Notes surrendered for the purpose of payment, repurchase, registration of transfer or exchange or conversion, if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee (including any of the Company’s agents, Subsidiaries or Affiliates), to be surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation. All Notes delivered to the Trustee shall be canceled promptly by it, and no Notes shall be authenticated in exchange thereof except as expressly permitted by any of the provisions of this Indenture. The Trustee shall dispose of canceled Notes in accordance with its customary procedures and, after such disposition, shall deliver a certificate of such disposition to the Company, at the Company’s written request in a Company Order. If the Company shall acquire any of the Notes, such acquisition shall not operate as a redemption, repurchase or satisfaction of the indebtedness represented by such Notes unless and until the same are delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.
Section 2.09. CUSIP Numbers. The Company in issuing the Notes may use “CUSIP” numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use “CUSIP” numbers in all notices issued to Holders as a convenience to such Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Notes or on such notice and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on the Notes. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee in writing of any change in the “CUSIP” numbers.
 
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Section 2.10. Additional Notes; Repurchases. The Company may, without the consent of the Holders and notwithstanding Section 2.01, reopen this Indenture and issue additional Notes hereunder with the same terms as the Notes initially issued hereunder (other than differences in the issue price and interest accrued prior to the issue date of such additional Notes) in an unlimited aggregate principal amount; provided that if any such additional Notes are not fungible with the Notes initially issued hereunder for U.S. federal income tax purposes, such additional Notes shall have a separate CUSIP number. Prior to the issuance of any such additional Notes, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee a Company Order, an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, such Officer’s Certificate and Opinion of Counsel to cover such matters, in addition to those required by Section 17.05, as the Trustee shall reasonably request. In addition, the Company may, to the extent permitted by law, and directly or indirectly (regardless of whether such Notes are surrendered to the Company), repurchase Notes in the open market or otherwise, whether by the Company or its Subsidiaries or through a private or public tender or exchange offer or through counterparties to private agreements, including by cash-settled swaps or other derivatives. The Company shall cause any Notes so repurchased (other than Notes repurchased pursuant to cash-settled swaps or other derivatives) to be surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation in accordance with Section 2.08 and such Notes shall no longer be considered outstanding under this Indenture upon their repurchase.
ARTICLE 3
S ATISFACTION AND D ISCHARGE
Section 3.01. Satisfaction and Discharge. This Indenture shall upon request of the Company contained in an Officer’s Certificate cease to be of further effect, and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments reasonably requested by the Company acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when (a) (i) all Notes theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than Notes which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which have been replaced, paid or converted as provided in Section 2.06) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or (ii) the Company has deposited with the Trustee or delivered to Holders, as applicable, after the Notes have become due and payable, whether on the Maturity Date, any Fundamental Change Repurchase Date, upon conversion or otherwise, cash, shares of Common Stock or a combination thereof, as applicable, solely to satisfy the Company’s Conversion Obligation, sufficient to pay all of the outstanding Notes and all other sums due and payable under this Indenture by the Company; and (b) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with. Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 7.06 shall survive.
ARTICLE 4
P ARTICULAR C OVENANTS OF THE C OMPANY
Section 4.01. Payment of Principal and Interest. The Company covenants and agrees that it will cause to be paid the principal (including the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price, if applicable) of, and accrued and unpaid interest on, each of the Notes at the places, at the respective times and in the manner provided herein and in the Notes.
 
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Section 4.02. Maintenance of Office or Agency. The Company will maintain in the contiguous United States, an office or agency where the Notes may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange or for presentation for payment or repurchase (“ Paying Agent ”) or for conversion (“ Conversion Agent ”) and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Notes and this Indenture may be served. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office or the office or agency of the Trustee in the contiguous United States; provided , no service of legal process on the Company may be made at any office of the Trustee.
The Company may also from time to time designate as co-Note Registrars one or more other offices or agencies where the Notes may be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office or agency in the contiguous United States for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other office or agency. The terms “ Paying Agent ” and “ Conversion Agent ” include any such additional or other offices or agencies, as applicable.
The Company hereby initially designates the Trustee as the Paying Agent, Note Registrar, Custodian, Bid Solicitation Agent and Conversion Agent and the Corporate Trust Office as the office or agency in the contiguous United States, where Notes may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange or for presentation for payment or repurchase or for conversion and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Notes and this Indenture may be served.
Section 4.03. Appointments to Fill Vacancies in Trustee’s Office. The Company, whenever necessary to avoid or fill a vacancy in the office of Trustee, will appoint, in the manner provided in Section 7.09, a Trustee, so that there shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder.
Section 4.04. Provisions as to Paying Agent. (a) If the Company shall appoint a Paying Agent other than the Trustee, the Company will cause such Paying Agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section 4.04:
(i) that it will hold all sums held by it as such agent for the payment of the principal (including the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price, if applicable) of, and accrued and unpaid interest on, the Notes in trust for the benefit of the Holders of the Notes;
 
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(ii) that it will give the Trustee prompt notice of any failure by the Company to make any payment of the principal (including the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price, if applicable) of, and accrued and unpaid interest on, the Notes when the same shall be due and payable; and
(iii) that at any time during the continuance of an Event of Default, upon request of the Trustee, it will forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust.
The Company shall, on or before each due date of the principal (including the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price, if applicable) of, or accrued and unpaid interest on, the Notes, deposit with the Paying Agent a sum sufficient to pay such principal (including the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price, if applicable) or accrued and unpaid interest, and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of any failure to take such action; provided that if such deposit is made on the due date, such deposit must be received by the Paying Agent by 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on such date.
(b) If the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent, it will, on or before each due date of the principal (including the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price, if applicable) of, and accrued and unpaid interest on, the Notes, set aside, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Holders of the Notes a sum sufficient to pay such principal (including the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price, if applicable) and accrued and unpaid interest so becoming due and will promptly notify the Trustee in writing of any failure to take such action and of any failure by the Company to make any payment of the principal (including the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price, if applicable) of, or accrued and unpaid interest on, the Notes when the same shall become due and payable.
(c) Anything in this Section 4.04 to the contrary notwithstanding, the Company may, at any time, for the purpose of obtaining a satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, or for any other reason, pay, cause to be paid or deliver to the Trustee all sums or amounts held in trust by the Company or any Paying Agent hereunder as required by this Section 4.04, such sums or amounts to be held by the Trustee upon the trusts herein contained and upon such payment or delivery by the Company or any Paying Agent to the Trustee, the Company or such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability but only with respect to such sums or amounts.
(d) Subject to applicable abandoned property laws, any money and shares of Common Stock deposited with the Trustee, any Paying Agent or the Conversion Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal (including the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price, if applicable) of, accrued and unpaid interest on and the consideration due upon conversion of any Note and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal (including the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price, if applicable), interest or consideration due upon conversion has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on request of the Company contained in an Officer’s Certificate, or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Note shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money and shares of Common Stock, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease.
 
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Section 4.05. Existence. Subject to Article 11, the Company shall do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its corporate existence.
Section 4.06. Rule 144A Information Requirement and Annual Reports. (a) At any time the Company is not subject to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the Company shall, so long as any of the Notes or any shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion thereof shall, at such time, constitute “restricted securities” within the meaning of Rule 144(a)(3) under the Securities Act, promptly provide to the Trustee and, upon written request, any Holder, beneficial owner or prospective purchaser of such Notes or any shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of such Notes, the information required to be delivered pursuant to Rule 144A(d)(4) under the Securities Act to facilitate the resale of such Notes or shares of Common Stock pursuant to Rule 144A.
(b) The Company shall file with the Trustee, within 15 days after the same are required to be filed with the Commission, copies of any documents or reports that the Company is required to file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (giving effect to any grace period provided by Rule 12b-25 under the Exchange Act or any similar or successor grace period). Any such document or report that the Company files with the Commission via the Commission’s EDGAR system shall be deemed to be filed with the Trustee for purposes of this Section 4.06(b) at the time such documents are filed via the EDGAR system. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, the Company shall in no event be required to file with, or otherwise provide or disclose to, the Trustee or any Holder any information for which the Company is requesting (assuming such request has not been denied), or has received, confidential treatment from the Commission.
(c) Delivery of the reports and documents described in subsection (b) above to the Trustee is for informational purposes only, and the Trustee’s receipt of such shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company’s compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to conclusively rely on an Officer’s Certificate).
(d) If, at any time during the six-month period beginning on, and including, the date that is six months after the last date of original issuance of the Notes, the Company fails to timely file any document or report that it is required to file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as applicable (after giving effect to all applicable grace periods thereunder and other than reports on Form 8-K), or the Notes are not otherwise freely tradable by Holders other than the Company’s Affiliates or Holders that were the Company’s Affiliates at any time during the three months preceding (as a result of restrictions pursuant to U.S. securities laws or the Transfer Restrictions), the Company shall pay Additional Interest on the Notes. Such Additional Interest shall accrue on the Notes at the rate of (i) 0.25% per annum of the principal amount of the Notes outstanding for each of the first 90 days and (ii) 0.50% per annum of the principal amount of the Notes outstanding for each day from, and including, the 91 st day, in each case, during such period for which the Company’s failure to file has occurred and is continuing or the Notes are not otherwise freely tradable by Holders other than the Company’s Affiliates (or Holders that have been the Company’s Affiliates at any time during the three months preceding) without restrictions pursuant to U.S. securities laws or the Transfer Restrictions. As used in this Section 4.06(d), documents or reports that the Company is required to “file” with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act does not include documents or reports that the Company furnishes to the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.
 
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(e) If, and for so long as, the restrictive legend on the Notes specified in Section 2.05(c) has not been removed (or deemed removed), the Notes are assigned a restricted CUSIP or the Notes are not otherwise freely tradable by Holders other than the Company’s Affiliates or Holders that were the Company’s Affiliates at any time during the three months preceding (without restrictions pursuant to U.S. securities laws or the Transfer Restrictions) as of the 380th day after the last date of original issuance of the Notes, the Company shall pay Additional Interest on the Notes at a rate equal to 0.50% per annum of the principal amount of Notes outstanding until the restrictive legend on the Notes has been removed (or deemed removed) in accordance with Section 2.05(c), the Notes are assigned an unrestricted CUSIP and the Notes are freely tradable by Holders other than the Company’s Affiliates (or Holders that were the Company’s Affiliates at any time during the three months preceding) (without restrictions pursuant to U.S. securities laws or the Transfer Restrictions).
(f) Additional Interest will be payable in arrears on each Interest Payment Date following accrual in the same manner as regular interest on the Notes.
(g) The Additional Interest that is payable in accordance with Section 4.06(d) or Section 4.06(e) shall be in addition to, and not in lieu of, any Additional Interest that may be payable as a result of the Company’s election pursuant to Section 6.03.
(h) If Additional Interest is payable by the Company pursuant to Section 4.06(d) or Section 4.06(e), the Company shall deliver to the Trustee and the Paying Agent (if other than the Trustee) an Officer’s Certificate to that effect stating (i) the amount of such Additional Interest that is payable and (ii) the date on which such Additional Interest is payable. Unless and until a Responsible Officer of the Trustee receives at the Corporate Trust Office such a certificate, the Trustee may assume without inquiry that no such Additional Interest is payable. If the Company has paid Additional Interest directly to the Persons entitled to it, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate setting forth the particulars of such payment.
(i) In no event shall the rate of any Additional Interest payable in accordance with Section 4.06(d) or Section 4.06(e), when taken together with that of Additional Interest payable as a result of the Company’s election pursuant to Section 6.03, exceed a total rate of 0.50% per annum, regardless of the number of events or circumstances giving rise to the requirement to pay such Additional Interest.
 
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Section 4.07. Stay, Extension and Usury Laws. The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it shall not at any time insist upon, plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law or other law that would prohibit or forgive the Company from paying all or any portion of the principal of or interest on the Notes as contemplated herein, wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, or that may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law, and covenants that it will not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law had been enacted.
Section 4.08. Compliance Certificate; Statements as to Defaults. The Company shall deliver to the Trustee within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company (beginning with the fiscal year ending on December 31, 2015) an Officer’s Certificate stating whether the signers thereof have knowledge of any failure by the Company to comply with all conditions and covenants then required to be performed under this Indenture during such fiscal year and, if so, specifying each such failure and the nature thereof.
In addition, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee, as soon as possible, and in any event within 30 days after the Company becomes aware of the occurrence of any Event of Default or Default, an Officer’s Certificate setting forth the details of such Event of Default or Default, its status and the action that the Company is taking or proposing to take in respect thereof and remedies the Company is taking to cure such failure, if applicable.
Section 4.09. Additional Amounts. If the Company consolidates with, merges with or into or enters into any similar transaction with, or conveys, transfers or leases all or substantially all of its property and assets to, any Person and the resulting, surviving or transferee Person is not organized and validly existing under the laws of the United States of America, any state thereof or the District of Columbia (such Person or any successor thereto, the “ Surviving Entity ”), then all payments and deliveries made by, or on behalf of, the Surviving Entity under or with respect to the Notes, including, but not limited to, payments of principal (including, if applicable, the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price), payments of interest and payments of cash and/or deliveries of Common Stock or other Reference Property, if any, upon conversion, shall be made without withholding or deduction for, or on account of, any present or future taxes, duties, assessments or governmental charges of whatever nature, unless such withholding or deduction is required by law or by regulation or governmental policy having the force of law. In the event that any taxes, duties, assessments or governmental charges imposed or levied by or within any jurisdiction in which any Surviving Entity is, for tax purposes, organized or resident or doing business or through which payment is made or deemed made by or on behalf of the Surviving Entity (or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein) (each, as applicable, a “ Relevant Taxing Jurisdiction ”) are required to be withheld or deducted from any payments made with respect to the Notes, such Surviving Entity shall pay to the Holder of each Note such additional amounts (the “ Additional Amounts ”) as may be necessary to ensure that the net amount received by the beneficial owner of such Note after such withholding or deduction (and after withholding or deducting any taxes on the Additional Amounts) shall equal the amounts that would have been received by such beneficial owner had no such withholding or deduction been required; provided that the foregoing obligation to pay Additional Amounts shall not apply to:
 
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(a) any tax, duty, assessment or other governmental charge that would not have been imposed but for:
(i) the existence of any present or former connection between the Holder or beneficial owner of such Note and the Relevant Taxing Jurisdiction, other than merely holding such Note or the receipt of payments thereunder or the enforcement thereof, including, without limitation, such Holder or beneficial owner being or having been a national, domiciliary or resident of such Relevant Taxing Jurisdiction or treated as a resident thereof or being or having been physically present or engaged in a trade or business therein or having or having had a permanent establishment therein;
(ii) the presentation of such Note (in cases in which presentation is required) more than 30 days after the later of the date on which the payment of the principal of (including the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price, if applicable) and interest on, such Note or the payments of cash and/or deliveries of Common Stock or other Reference Property, if any, upon conversion of such Note became due and payable pursuant to the terms thereof or was made or duly provided for, except to the extent that the Holder or beneficial owner of a Note would have been entitled to the Additional Amounts on presenting the same for payment at the close of such 30 day period; or;
(iii) the failure of the Holder or beneficial owner of a Note to comply with a timely request from any Surviving Entity, addressed to the Holder or beneficial owner, as the case may be, in each case, to the extent such Holder or beneficial owner is legally entitled to do so, to provide certification, information, documents or other evidence concerning such Holder’s or beneficial owner’s nationality, residence, identity or connection with the Relevant Taxing Jurisdiction, or to make any declaration or satisfy any other reporting requirement relating to such matters, if and to the extent that due and timely compliance with such request is required by statute, regulation or administrative practice of the Relevant Taxing Jurisdiction in order to reduce or eliminate any withholding or deduction as to which Additional Amounts would have otherwise been payable to such Holder or beneficial owner;
(b) any estate, inheritance, gift, sale, transfer, excise, personal property or similar tax, assessment or other governmental charge;
(c) any tax, duty, assessment or other governmental charge that is payable otherwise than by withholding or deduction from payments under or with respect to the Notes;
(d) any withholding or deduction required by sections 1471 through 1474 of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and any current or future U.S. Treasury Regulations or rulings promulgated thereunder (“ FATCA ”), any law, regulation or other official guidance enacted in any jurisdiction implementing FATCA, any intergovernmental agreement between the United States and any other jurisdiction to implement FATCA or any law enacted by such other jurisdiction to give effect to such agreement, or any agreement with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service under FATCA;
 
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(e) any taxes imposed on or with respect to any payment by the Surviving Entity to the Holder if such Holder is a fiduciary, partnership or person other than the sole beneficial owner of that payment, to the extent that such payment would be required to be included in the income under the laws of the Relevant Taxing Jurisdiction, for tax purposes, of a beneficiary or settlor with respect to the fiduciary, a partner or member of that partnership, or a beneficial owner, who would not have been entitled to such Additional Amounts had that beneficiary, settlor, partner, member or beneficial owner been the Holder thereof;
(f) any taxes that are required to be deducted or withheld on a payment pursuant to European Council Directive 2003/48/EC on the taxation of savings income or any law implementing, or introduced in order to conform to, such directive; or
(g) any combination of items referred to in the preceding clauses (a) through (f) above.
For the avoidance of doubt, so long as the issuer of the Notes continues to be organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia, neither such issuer nor any other Person shall have any obligation to pay Additional Amounts hereunder with respect to any withholding tax imposed by the United States or a political subdivision thereof.
Whenever there is mentioned in any context the payment of cash and/or delivery of Common Stock or other Reference Property, if any, upon conversion of any Note or the payment of principal of (including the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price, if applicable) and interest on, any Note or any other amount payable or deliverable with respect to such Note, such mention shall be deemed to include payment of Additional Amounts provided for in this Indenture to the extent that, in such context, Additional Amounts are, were or would be payable in respect thereof.
Each Holder entitled to any Additional Amounts shall cooperate with the Surviving Entity and the Trustee in providing any information or documentation reasonably requested by the Surviving Entity or the Trustee to confirm the identity and/or tax status of such Holder and any affected beneficial owner to the extent such information is readily available to the Holder (to the extent necessary to establish such Holder’s entitlement to Additional Amounts) and to provide reasonable assistance to the Surviving Entity or Trustee in determining the applicable withholding tax rate and the amount of Additional Amounts payable in respect thereof. The Surviving Entity will furnish to the trustee an Officer’s Certificate and any other documentation reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee evidencing payment of any taxes so deducted or withheld and the amount of any Additional Amounts payable thereon. Copies of such documentation will be made available by the Trustee to Holders upon written request to the Trustee.
 
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The Trustee and Paying Agent shall have no duty to determine whether Additional Amounts are due, the amount of such Additional Amounts or to verify the Company’s calculation of such Additional Amounts.
ARTICLE 5
L ISTS OF H OLDERS AND R EPORTS BY THE C OMPANY AND THE T RUSTEE
Section 5.01. Lists of Holders. The Company covenants and agrees that it will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee and the Paying Agent, semi-annually, not more than 10 days after each Record Date, and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, within 30 days after receipt by the Company of any such request (or such lesser time as the Trustee may reasonably request in order to enable it to timely provide any notice to be provided by it hereunder), a list in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require of the names and addresses of the Holders as of the Record Date with respect to the semi-annual delivery and as of a date not more than 15 days (or such other date as the Trustee may reasonably request in order to so provide any such notices) prior to the time such information is furnished, except that no such list need be furnished so long as the Trustee is acting as Note Registrar.
Section 5.02. Preservation and Disclosure of Lists. The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, all information as to the names and addresses of the Holders contained in the most recent list furnished to it as provided in Section 5.01 or maintained by the Trustee in its capacity as Note Registrar, if so acting. The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in Section 5.01 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.
ARTICLE 6
D EFAULTS AND R EMEDIES
Section 6.01. Events of Default. Each of the following events shall be an “ Event of Default ” with respect to the Notes:
(a) default in any payment of interest on any Note when due and payable, and the default continues for a period of 30 days;
(b) default in the payment of principal of any Note when due and payable on the Maturity Date, upon any required repurchase, upon declaration of acceleration or otherwise;
(c) failure by the Company to comply with its obligation to convert the Notes in accordance with this Indenture upon exercise of a Holder’s conversion right and such failure continues for five Business Days;
(d) failure by the Company to issue a Fundamental Change Company Notice in accordance with Section 15.02(c) or notice of a specified corporate event in accordance with Section 14.01(b)(ii) or Section 14.01(b)(iii), in each case, when due;
 
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(e) failure by the Company to comply with its obligations under Article 11;
(f) failure by the Company for 60 days after written notice from the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Notes then outstanding has been received by the Company to comply with any of its other agreements contained in the Notes or this Indenture;
(g) default by the Company or any Significant Subsidiary of the Company with respect to any mortgage, agreement or other instrument under which there may be outstanding, or by which there may be secured or evidenced, any indebtedness for money borrowed in excess of $35,000,000 (or its foreign currency equivalent) in the aggregate of the Company and/or any such Subsidiary, whether such indebtedness now exists or shall hereafter be created (i) resulting in such indebtedness becoming or being declared due and payable or (ii) constituting a failure to pay the principal or interest of any such debt when due and payable at its stated maturity, upon required repurchase, upon declaration of acceleration or otherwise; if such default is not cured or waived, or such acceleration is not rescinded within 30 days after written notice to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of Notes then outstanding, in accordance with this Indenture;
(h) the Company or any Significant Subsidiary shall commence a voluntary case or other proceeding seeking liquidation, reorganization or other relief with respect to the Company or any such Significant Subsidiary or its debts under any bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect or seeking the appointment of a trustee, receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar official of the Company or any such Significant Subsidiary or any substantial part of its property, or shall consent to any such relief or to the appointment of or taking possession by any such official in an involuntary case or other proceeding commenced against it, or shall make a general assignment for the benefit of creditors, or shall fail generally to pay its debts as they become due; or
(i) an involuntary case or other proceeding shall be commenced against the Company or any Significant Subsidiary seeking liquidation, reorganization or other relief with respect to the Company or such Significant Subsidiary or its debts under any bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect or seeking the appointment of a trustee, receiver, liquidator, custodian or other similar official of the Company or such Significant Subsidiary or any substantial part of its property, and such involuntary case or other proceeding shall remain undismissed and unstayed for a period of 30 consecutive days.
Section 6.02 . Acceleration; Rescission and Annulment . If one or more Events of Default shall have occurred and be continuing (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body), then, and in each and every such case (other than an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(h) or Section 6.01(i) with respect to the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries), unless the principal of all of the Notes shall have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding determined in accordance with Section 8.04, by notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), may declare 100% of the principal of, and accrued and unpaid interest on, all the Notes to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall become and shall automatically be immediately due and payable, anything contained in this Indenture or in the Notes to the contrary notwithstanding. If an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(h) or Section 6.01(i) with respect to the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries occurs and is continuing, 100% of the principal of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on, all Notes shall become and shall automatically be immediately due and payable.
 
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The immediately preceding paragraph, however, is subject to the conditions that if, at any time after the principal of the Notes shall have been so declared due and payable, and before any judgment or decree for the payment of the monies due shall have been obtained or entered as hereinafter provided, the Company shall pay or shall deposit with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay installments of accrued and unpaid interest upon all Notes and the principal of any and all Notes that shall have become due otherwise than by acceleration (with interest on overdue installments of accrued and unpaid interest to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law, and on such principal at the rate borne by the Notes at such time) and amounts due to the Trustee pursuant to Section 7.06, and if (1) rescission would not conflict with any judgment or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction and (2) any and all existing Events of Default under this Indenture, other than the nonpayment of the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on Notes that shall have become due solely by such acceleration, shall have been cured or waived pursuant to Section 6.09, then and in every such case (except as provided in the immediately succeeding sentence) the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding, by written notice to the Company and to the Trustee, may waive all existing or past Defaults or Events of Default with respect to the Notes and rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences and such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver or rescission and annulment shall extend to or shall affect any subsequent Default or Event of Default, or shall impair any right consequent thereon. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, no such waiver or rescission and annulment shall extend to or shall affect any Default or Event of Default resulting from (i) the nonpayment of the principal (including the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price, if applicable) of, or accrued and unpaid interest on, any Notes or (ii) a failure to pay or deliver, as the case may be, the consideration due upon conversion of the Notes.
Section 6.03. Additional Interest . Notwithstanding anything in this Indenture or in the Notes to the contrary, to the extent the Company elects, the sole remedy for an Event of Default relating to the Company’s failure to comply with its obligations as set forth in Section 4.06(b) shall after the occurrence of such an Event of Default consist exclusively of the right to receive Additional Interest on the Notes at a rate equal to (i) 0.25% per annum of the principal amount of the Notes outstanding for the first 180 days during which such Event of Default is continuing and (ii) 0.50% per annum of the principal amount of such outstanding Notes for the 90 days thereafter during which such Event of Default is continuing. Additional Interest payable pursuant to this Section 6.03 shall be in addition to, not in lieu of, any Additional Interest payable pursuant to Section 4.06(d) or Section 4.06(e). If the Company so elects, such Additional Interest shall be payable in the same manner and on the same dates as the stated interest payable on the Notes. On the 271st day after such Event of Default (if the Event of Default relating to the Company’s failure to file is not cured or waived prior to such 271st day), the Notes shall be immediately subject to acceleration as provided in Section 6.02. The provisions of this paragraph will not affect the rights of Holders of Notes in the event of the occurrence of any Event of Default other than the Company’s failure to comply with its obligations as set forth in Section 4.06(b). In the event the Company does not elect to pay Additional Interest following an Event of Default in accordance with this Section 6.03 or the Company elected to make such payment but does not pay the Additional Interest when due, the Notes shall be immediately subject to acceleration as provided in Section 6.02.
 
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In order to elect to pay Additional Interest as the sole remedy during the first 270 days after the occurrence of any Event of Default described in the immediately preceding paragraph, the Company must notify all Holders of the Notes, the Trustee and the Paying Agent of such election prior to the beginning of such 270-day period. Upon the failure to timely give such notice, the Notes shall be immediately subject to acceleration as provided in Section 6.02.
In no event shall the rate of any such Additional Interest payable described in this Section 6.03, when taken together with that of Additional Interest payable in accordance with Section 4.06(d) or Section 4.06(e), exceed a total rate of 0.50% per annum, regardless of the number of events or circumstances giving rise to the requirement to pay such Additional Interest .
The Trustee has no duty to determine whether Additional Interest is due, the amount of such Additional Interest or to verify the Company’s calculation of such Additional Interest.
Section 6.04. Payments of Notes on Default; Suit Therefor. If an Event of Default described in clause (a) or (b) of Section 6.01 shall have occurred, the Company shall pay to the Trustee, for the benefit of the Holders of the Notes, the whole amount then due and payable on the Notes for principal and interest, if any, with interest on any overdue principal and interest, if any, at the rate borne by the Notes at such time, and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover any amounts due to the Trustee under Section 7.06. If the Company shall fail to pay such amounts forthwith, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same against the Company or any other obligor upon the Notes and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon the Notes, wherever situated.
 
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In the event there shall be pending proceedings for the bankruptcy or for the reorganization of the Company or any other obligor on the Notes under Title 11 of the United States Code, or any other applicable law, or in case a receiver, assignee or trustee in bankruptcy or reorganization, liquidator, sequestrator or similar official shall have been appointed for or taken possession of the Company or such other obligor, the property of the Company or such other obligor, or in the event of any other judicial proceedings relative to the Company or such other obligor upon the Notes, or to the creditors or property of the Company or such other obligor, the Trustee, irrespective of whether the principal of the Notes shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand pursuant to the provisions of this Section 6.04, shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceedings or otherwise, to file and prove a claim or claims for the whole amount of principal and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, in respect of the Notes, and, in case of any judicial proceedings, to file such proofs of claim and other papers or documents and to take such other actions as it may deem necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial proceedings relative to the Company or any other obligor on the Notes, its or their creditors, or its or their property, and to collect and receive any monies or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims, and to distribute the same after the deduction of any amounts due to the Trustee under Section 7.06; and any receiver, assignee or trustee in bankruptcy or reorganization, liquidator, custodian or similar official is hereby authorized by each of the Holders to make such payments to the Trustee, as administrative expenses, and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for reasonable compensation, expenses, advances and disbursements, including agents and counsel fees, and including any other amounts due to the Trustee under Section 7.06, incurred by it up to the date of such distribution. To the extent that such payment of reasonable compensation, expenses, advances and disbursements out of the estate in any such proceedings shall be denied for any reason, payment of the same shall be secured by a lien on, and shall be paid out of, any and all distributions, dividends, monies, securities and other property that the Holders of the Notes may be entitled to receive in such proceedings, whether in liquidation or under any plan of reorganization or arrangement or otherwise.
Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting such Holder or the rights of any Holder thereof, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.
All rights of action and of asserting claims under this Indenture, or under any of the Notes, may be enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Notes, or the production thereof at any trial or other proceeding relative thereto, and any such suit or proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Notes.
In any proceedings brought by the Trustee (and in any proceedings involving the interpretation of any provision of this Indenture to which the Trustee shall be a party) the Trustee shall be held to represent all the Holders of the Notes, and it shall not be necessary to make any Holders of the Notes parties to any such proceedings.
 
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In case the Trustee shall have proceeded to enforce any right under this Indenture and such proceedings shall have been discontinued or abandoned because of any waiver pursuant to Section 6.09 or any rescission and annulment pursuant to Section 6.02 or for any other reason or shall have been determined adversely to the Trustee, then and in every such case the Company, the Holders and the Trustee shall, subject to any determination in such proceeding, be restored respectively to their several positions and rights hereunder, and all rights, remedies and powers of the Company, the Holders and the Trustee shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.
Section 6.05. Application of Monies Collected by Trustee. Any monies or property collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article 6 with respect to the Notes shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee for the distribution of such monies or property, upon presentation of the several Notes, and stamping thereon the payment, if only partially paid, and upon surrender thereof, if fully paid:
First , to the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under this Indenture;
Second , in case the principal of the outstanding Notes shall not have become due and be unpaid, to the payment of interest on, and any cash due upon conversion of, the Notes in default in the order of the date due of the payments of such interest and cash due upon conversion, as the case may be, with interest (to the extent that such interest has been collected by the Trustee) upon such overdue payments at the rate borne by the Notes at such time, s uch payments to be made ratably to the Persons entitled thereto;
Third , in case the principal of the outstanding Notes shall have become due, by declaration or otherwise, and be unpaid to the payment of the whole amount (including, if applicable, the payment of the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price and any cash due upon conversion) then owing and unpaid upon the Notes for principal and interest, if any, with interest on the overdue principal and, to the extent that such interest has been collected by the Trustee, upon overdue installments of interest at the rate borne by the Notes at such time, and in case such monies shall be insufficient to pay in full the whole amounts so due and unpaid upon the Notes, then to the payment of such principal (including, if applicable, the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price and the cash due upon conversion) and interest without preference or priority of principal over interest, or of interest over principal or of any installment of interest over any other installment of interest, or of any Note over any other Note, ratably to the aggregate of such principal (including, if applicable, the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price and any cash due upon conversion) and accrued and unpaid interest; and
Fourth , to the payment of the remainder, if any, to the Company.
 
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Section 6.06. Proceedings by Holders. Except to enforce the right to receive payment of principal (including, if applicable, the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price) or interest when due, or the right to receive payment or delivery of the consideration due upon conversion, no Holder of any Note shall have any right by virtue of or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to institute any suit, action or proceeding in equity or at law upon or under or with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver, trustee, liquidator, custodian or other similar official, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless:
(a) such Holder previously shall have given to the Trustee written notice of an Event of Default and of the continuance thereof, as herein provided;
(b) Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding shall have made written request upon the Trustee to institute such action, suit or proceeding in its own name as Trustee hereunder;
(c) such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee such security or indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense to be incurred therein or thereby;
(d) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of such security or indemnity, shall have neglected or refused to institute any such action, suit or proceeding; and
(e) no written direction that, in the opinion of the Trustee, is inconsistent with such written request shall have been given to the Trustee by the Holders of a majority of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding within such 60-day period pursuant to Section 6.09,
it being understood and intended, and being expressly covenanted by the taker and Holder of every Note with every other taker and Holder and the Trustee that no one or more Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other Holder, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference to any other such Holder, or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal, ratable and common benefit of all Holders (except as otherwise provided herein). For the protection and enforcement of this Section 6.06, each and every Holder and the Trustee shall be entitled to such relief as can be given either at law or in equity.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture and any provision of any Note, the right of any Holder to receive payment or delivery, as the case may be, of (x) the principal (including the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price, if applicable) of, (y) accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on, and (z) the consideration due upon conversion of, such Note, on or after the respective due dates expressed or provided for in such Note or in this Indenture, or to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment or delivery, as the case may be, on or after such respective dates against the Company shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such Holder.
Section 6.07. Proceedings by Trustee. In case of an Event of Default, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this Indenture by such appropriate judicial proceedings as are necessary to protect and enforce any of such rights, either by suit in equity or by action at law or by proceeding in bankruptcy or otherwise, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement contained in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted in this Indenture, or to enforce any other legal or equitable right vested in the Trustee by this Indenture or by law.
 
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Section 6.08. Remedies Cumulative and Continuing. Except as provided in the last paragraph of Section 2.06, all powers and remedies given by this Article 6 to the Trustee or to the Holders shall, to the extent permitted by law, be deemed cumulative and not exclusive of any thereof or of any other powers and remedies available to the Trustee or the Holders of the Notes, by judicial proceedings or otherwise, to enforce the performance or observance of the covenants and agreements contained in this Indenture, and no delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any of the Notes to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Default or Event of Default shall impair any such right or power, or shall be construed to be a waiver of any such Default or Event of Default or any acquiescence therein; and, subject to the provisions of Section 6.06, every power and remedy given by this Article 6 or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as shall be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, respectively.
Section 6.09. Direction of Proceedings and Waiver of Defaults by Majority of Holders. Subject to Section 7.01, the Holders of a majority of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes at the time outstanding determined in accordance with Section 8.04 shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to the Notes; provided , however , that (a) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture, and (b) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee that is not inconsistent with such direction. The Trustee may refuse to follow any direction that it determines is unduly prejudicial to the rights of any other Holder or that would involve the Trustee in personal liability. The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes at the time outstanding determined in accordance with Section 8.04 may on behalf of the Holders of all of the Notes waive any existing or past Default or Event of Default hereunder and its consequences except (i) a default in the payment of accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on, or the principal (including any Fundamental Change Repurchase Price) of, the Notes when due that has not been cured pursuant to the provisions of Section 6.01, (ii) a failure by the Company to pay or deliver, as the case may be, the consideration due upon conversion of the Notes or (iii) a default in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under Article 10 cannot be modified or amended without the consent of each Holder of an outstanding Note affected. Upon any such waiver the Company, the Trustee and the Holders of the Notes shall be restored to their former positions and rights hereunder; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or Event of Default or impair any right consequent thereon. Whenever any Default or Event of Default hereunder shall have been waived as permitted by this Section 6.09, said Default or Event of Default shall for all purposes of the Notes and this Indenture be deemed to have been cured and to be not continuing; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or Event of Default or impair any right consequent thereon.
 
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Section 6.10. Notice of Defaults. The Trustee shall, within 90 days after the occurrence and continuance of a Default of which a Responsible Officer has actual knowledge, mail to all Holders as the names and addresses of such Holders appear upon the Note Register, or otherwise deliver to all Holders, notice of all Defaults known to a Responsible Officer, unless such Defaults shall have been cured or waived before the giving of such notice; provided that, except in the case of a Default in the payment of the principal of (including the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price, if applicable), or accrued and unpaid interest on, any of the Notes or a Default in the payment or delivery of the consideration due upon conversion, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the Trustee in good faith determines that the withholding of such notice is in the interests of the Holders.
Section 6.11. Undertaking to Pay Costs. All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Note by its acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may, in its discretion, require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; provided that the provisions of this Section 6.11 (to the extent permitted by law) shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of the Notes at the time outstanding determined in accordance with Section 8.04, or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of or accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on any Note (including, but not limited to, the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price, if applicable) on or after the due date expressed or provided for in such Note or to any suit for the enforcement of the right to convert any Note, or receive the consideration due upon conversion, in accordance with the provisions of Article 14.
ARTICLE 7
C ONCERNING THE T RUSTEE
Section 7.01. Duties and Responsibilities of Trustee. The Trustee, prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default and after the curing or waiver of all Events of Default that may have occurred, undertakes to perform such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture. In the event an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in its exercise, as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of such person’s own affairs; provided that if an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers under this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders unless such Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense that might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.
 
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No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own grossly negligent action, its own grossly negligent failure to act or its own willful misconduct, except that:
(a) prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default and after the curing or waiving of all Events of Default that may have occurred:
(i) the duties and obligations of the Trustee shall be determined solely by the express provisions of this Indenture, and the Trustee shall not be liable except for the performance of such duties and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and
(ii) in the absence of bad faith and willful misconduct on the part of the Trustee, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but, in the case of any such certificates or opinions that by any provisions hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture (but need not confirm or investigate the accuracy of any mathematical calculations or other facts stated therein);
(b) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer or Officers of the Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was grossly negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts;
(c) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders of not less than a majority of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes at the time outstanding determined as provided in Section 8.04 relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture;
(d) whether or not therein provided, every provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the liability of, or affording protection to, the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of this Section;
(e) the Trustee shall not be liable in respect of any payment (as to the correctness of amount, entitlement to receive or any other matters relating to payment) or notice effected by the Company or any Paying Agent or any records maintained by any co-Note Registrar with respect to the Notes;
(f) if any party fails to deliver a notice relating to an event the fact of which, pursuant to this Indenture, requires notice to be sent to the Trustee, the Trustee may conclusively rely on its failure to receive such notice as reason to act as if no such event occurred, unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee had actual knowledge of such event;
 
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(g) in the absence of written investment direction from the Company, all cash received by the Trustee shall be placed in a non-interest bearing trust account, and in no event shall the Trustee be liable for the selection of investments or for investment losses incurred thereon or for losses incurred as a result of the liquidation of any such investment prior to its maturity date or the failure of the party directing such investments prior to its maturity date or the failure of the party directing such investment to provide timely written investment direction, and the Trustee shall have no obligation to invest or reinvest any amounts held hereunder in the absence of such written investment direction from the Company; and
(h) in the event that the Trustee is also acting as Custodian, Note Registrar, Paying Agent, Conversion Agent, Bid Solicitation Agent or transfer agent hereunder, the rights and protections afforded to the Trustee pursuant to this Article 7 shall also be afforded to such Custodian, Note Registrar, Paying Agent, Conversion Agent, Bid Solicitation Agent or transfer agent.
None of the provisions contained in this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal financial liability in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers. The Trustee shall not be required to give any bond or surety in respect of the performance of its powers or duties hereunder.
Section 7.02. Reliance on Documents, Opinions, Etc. Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01:
(a) the Trustee may conclusively rely and shall be fully protected in acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, bond, note, coupon or other paper or document believed by it in good faith to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;
(b) any request, direction, order or demand of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by an Officer’s Certificate (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed); and any Board Resolution may be evidenced to the Trustee by a copy thereof certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company;
(c) the Trustee may consult with counsel and require an Opinion of Counsel and any advice of such counsel or Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in accordance with such advice or Opinion of Counsel;
(d) the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books, records and premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney at the expense of the Company and shall incur no liability of any kind by reason of such inquiry or investigation;
 
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(e) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents, custodians, nominees or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent, custodian, nominee or attorney appointed by it with due care hereunder; and
(f) the permissive rights of the Trustee enumerated herein shall not be construed as duties.
In no event shall the Trustee be liable for any special, consequential, indirect or punitive loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including but not limited to lost profits), even if the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action other than any such loss or damage caused by the Trustee’s willful misconduct or gross negligence. The Trustee shall not be charged with knowledge of any Default or Event of Default with respect to the Notes, unless either (1) a Responsible Officer shall have actual knowledge of such Default or Event of Default or (2) written notice of such Default or Event of Default shall have been given to the Trustee by the Company or by any Holder of the Notes.
The Trustee may request that the Company deliver a certificate setting forth the names of individuals and/or titles of officers authorized at such time to take specified actions pursuant to this Indenture.
Section 7.03. No Responsibility for Recitals, Etc. The recitals contained herein and in the Notes (except in the Trustee’s certificate of authentication) shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for the correctness of the same. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture, the Common Stock or of the Notes. The Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Company of any Notes or the proceeds of any Notes authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture. The Trustee shall have no responsibility or liability with respect to any information, statement or recital in the disclosure material prepared or distributed with respect to the issuance of the Notes.
Section 7.04. Trustee, Paying Agents, Conversion Agents, Bid Solicitation Agent or Note Registrar May Own Notes. The Trustee, any Paying Agent, any Conversion Agent, Bid Solicitation Agent (if other than the Company) or Note Registrar, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Notes with the same rights it would have if it were not the Trustee, Paying Agent, Conversion Agent, Bid Solicitation Agent or Note Registrar.
Section 7.05. Monies and Shares of Common Stock to Be Held in Trust. All monies and shares of Common Stock received by the Trustee shall, until used or applied as herein provided, be held in trust for the purposes for which they were received. Money and shares of Common Stock held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any money or shares of Common Stock received by it hereunder except as may be agreed from time to time by the Company and the Trustee.
 
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Section 7.06. Compensation and Expenses of Trustee. The Company covenants and agrees to pay to the Trustee from time to time, and the Trustee shall be entitled to, compensation for all services rendered by it hereunder in any capacity as mutually agreed to in writing between the Trustee and the Company (which shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust), and the Company will pay or reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances reasonably incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any of the provisions of this Indenture in any capacity thereunder (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its agents and counsel and of all Persons not regularly in its employ) except any such expense, disbursement or advance as shall have been caused by its gross negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith. The Company also covenants to indemnify the Trustee in any capacity under this Indenture and any other document or transaction entered into in connection herewith and its officers, directors, employees and agents and any authenticating agent for, and to hold them harmless against, any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense (whether asserted by the Company, a Holder or a third party) incurred without gross negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, its officers, directors, agents or employees, or such agent or authenticating agent, as the case may be, determined by a final non-appealable order and arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of this Indenture or in any other capacity hereunder, including the costs and expenses of defending themselves against any claim of liability in the premises and including the costs and expenses of enforcing this Indenture (including this Section 7.06). The obligations of the Company under this Section 7.06 to compensate or indemnify the Trustee and to pay or reimburse the Trustee for expenses, disbursements and advances shall be secured by a senior claim to which the Notes are hereby made subordinate on all money or property held or collected by the Trustee, except, subject to the effect of Section 6.05, funds held in trust herewith for the benefit of the Holders of particular Notes. The Trustee’s right to receive payment of any amounts due under this Section 7.06 shall not be subordinate to any other liability or indebtedness of the Company. The obligation of the Company under this Section 7.06 shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture and the earlier resignation or removal or the Trustee. The Company need not pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. The indemnification provided in this Section 7.06 shall extend to the officers, directors, agents and employees of the Trustee.
Without prejudice to any other rights available to the Trustee under applicable law, when the Trustee and its agents and any authenticating agent incur expenses or render services after an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(h) or Section 6.01(i) occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws.
 
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Section 7.07. Officer’s Certificate as Evidence. Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01, whenever in the administration of the provisions of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it necessary or desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking or omitting any action hereunder, such matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of gross negligence, willful misconduct, recklessness and bad faith on the part of the Trustee, be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by an Officer’s Certificate delivered to the Trustee, and such Officer’s Certificate, in the absence of gross negligence, willful misconduct, recklessness and bad faith on the part of the Trustee, shall be full warrant to the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it under the provisions of this Indenture upon the faith thereof.
Section 7.08. Eligibility of Trustee. There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder which shall be a Person that is eligible pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act (as if the Trust Indenture Act were applicable hereto) to act as such and has a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000. If such Person publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of any supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such Person shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article.
Section 7.09. Resignation or Removal of Trustee. (a) The Trustee may at any time resign by giving written notice of such resignation to the Company and by sending notice thereof to the Holders at their addresses as they shall appear on the Note Register. Upon receiving such notice of resignation, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor trustee by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the resigning Trustee and one copy to the successor trustee. If no successor trustee shall have been so appointed and have accepted appointment within 60 days after the sending of such notice of resignation to the Holders, the resigning Trustee may, upon ten Business Days’ notice to the Company and the Holders, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor trustee, or any Holder who has been a bona fide holder of a Note or Notes for at least six months (or since the date of this Indenture) may, subject to the provisions of Section 6.11, on behalf of himself or herself and all others similarly situated, petition any such court for the appointment of a successor trustee. Such court may thereupon, after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, appoint a successor trustee.
(a) In case at any time any of the following shall occur:
(i) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of Section 7.08 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any such Holder, or
(ii) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent, or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed, or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation,
 
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then, in either case, the Company may by a Board Resolution remove the Trustee and appoint a successor trustee by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the Trustee so removed and one copy to the successor trustee, or, subject to the provisions of Section 6.11, any Holder who has been a bona fide holder of a Note or Notes for at least six months (or since the date of this Indenture) may, on behalf of himself or herself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor trustee. Such court may thereupon, after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, remove the Trustee and appoint a successor trustee.
(b) The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes at the time outstanding, as determined in accordance with Section 8.04, may at any time remove the Trustee and nominate a successor trustee that shall be deemed appointed as successor trustee unless within ten days after notice to the Company of such nomination the Company objects thereto, in which case the Trustee so removed or any Holder, upon the terms and conditions and otherwise as in Section 7.09(a) provided, may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for an appointment of a successor trustee.
(c) Any resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor trustee pursuant to any of the provisions of this Section 7.09 shall become effective upon acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee as provided in Section 7.10.
Section 7.10. Acceptance by Successor Trustee. Any successor trustee appointed as provided in Section 7.09 shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to its predecessor trustee an instrument accepting such appointment hereunder, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the predecessor trustee shall become effective and such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, duties and obligations of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as Trustee herein; but, nevertheless, on the written request of the Company or of the successor trustee, the trustee ceasing to act shall, upon payment of any amounts then due it pursuant to the provisions of Section 7.06, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor trustee all the rights and powers of the trustee so ceasing to act. Upon request of any such successor trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments in writing for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor trustee all such rights and powers. Any trustee ceasing to act shall, nevertheless, retain a senior claim to which the Notes are hereby made subordinate on all money or property held or collected by such trustee as such, except for funds held in trust for the benefit of Holders of particular Notes, to secure any amounts then due it pursuant to the provisions of Section 7.06.
No successor trustee shall accept appointment as provided in this Section 7.10 unless at the time of such acceptance such successor trustee shall be eligible under the provisions of Section 7.08.
 
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Upon acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee as provided in this Section 7.10, each of the Company and the successor trustee, at the written direction and at the expense of the Company shall send or cause to be sent a notice of the succession of such trustee hereunder to the Holders at their addresses as they shall appear on the Note Register. If the Company fails to send such notice within ten days after acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee, the successor trustee shall cause such notice to be sent at the expense of the Company.
Section 7.11. Succession by Merger, Etc. Any corporation or other entity into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation or other entity resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation or other entity succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate trust business of the Trustee (including the administration of this Indenture), shall be the successor to the Trustee hereunder without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto; provided that in the case of any corporation or other entity succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate trust business of the Trustee such corporation or other entity shall be eligible under the provisions of Section 7.08.
In case at the time such successor to the Trustee shall succeed to the trusts created by this Indenture, any of the Notes shall have been authenticated but not delivered, any such successor to the Trustee may adopt the certificate of authentication of any predecessor trustee or authenticating agent appointed by such predecessor trustee, and deliver such Notes so authenticated; and in case at that time any of the Notes shall not have been authenticated, any successor to the Trustee or an authenticating agent appointed by such successor trustee may authenticate such Notes either in the name of any predecessor trustee hereunder or in the name of the successor trustee; and in all such cases such certificates shall have the full force which it is anywhere in the Notes or in this Indenture provided that the certificate of the Trustee shall have; provided , however , that the right to adopt the certificate of authentication of any predecessor trustee or to authenticate Notes in the name of any predecessor trustee shall apply only to its successor or successors by merger, conversion or consolidation.
Section 7.12. Trustee’s Application for Instructions from the Company. Any application by the Trustee for written instructions from the Company (other than with regard to any action proposed to be taken or omitted to be taken by the Trustee that affects the rights of the Holders of the Notes under this Indenture) may, at the option of the Trustee, set forth in writing any action proposed to be taken or omitted by the Trustee under this Indenture and the date on and/or after which such action shall be taken or such omission shall be effective. The Trustee shall not be liable to the Company for any action taken by, or omission of, the Trustee in accordance with a proposal included in such application on or after the date specified in such application (which date shall not be less than three Business Days after the date any officer that the Company has indicated to the Trustee should receive such application actually receives such application, unless any such officer shall have consented in writing to any earlier date), unless, prior to taking any such action (or the effective date in the case of any omission), the Trustee shall have received written instructions in accordance with this Indenture in response to such application specifying the action to be taken or omitted.
 
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ARTICLE 8
C ONCERNING THE H OLDERS
Section 8.01. Action by Holders. Whenever in this Indenture it is provided that the Holders of a specified percentage of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes may take any action (including the making of any demand or request, the giving of any notice, consent or waiver or the taking of any other action), the fact that at the time of taking any such action, the Holders of such specified percentage have joined therein may be evidenced (a) by any instrument or any number of instruments of similar tenor executed by Holders in person or by agent or proxy appointed in writing, or (b) by the record of the Holders voting in favor thereof at any meeting of Holders duly called and held in accordance with the provisions of Article 9, or (c) by a combination of such instrument or instruments and any such record of such a meeting of Holders. Whenever the Company or the Trustee solicits the taking of any action by the Holders of the Notes, the Company or the Trustee may, but shall not be required to, fix in advance of such solicitation, a date as the record date for determining Holders entitled to take such action. The record date if one is selected shall be not more than fifteen days prior to the date of commencement of solicitation of such action.
Section 8.02. Proof of Execution by Holders. Subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, Section 7.02 and Section 9.05, proof of the execution of any instrument by a Holder or its agent or proxy shall be sufficient if made in accordance with such reasonable rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Trustee or in such manner as shall be satisfactory to the Trustee. The holding of Notes shall be proved by the Note Register or by a certificate of the Note Registrar. The record of any Holders’ meeting shall be proved in the manner provided in Section 9.06.
Section 8.03. Who Are Deemed Absolute Owners. The Company, the Trustee, any authenticating agent, any Paying Agent, any Conversion Agent and any Note Registrar may deem the Person in whose name a Note shall be registered upon the Note Register to be, and may treat it as, the absolute owner of such Note (whether or not such Note shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notation of ownership or other writing thereon made by any Person other than the Company or any Note Registrar) for the purpose of receiving payment of or on account of the principal of and (subject to Section 2.03) accrued and unpaid interest on such Note, for conversion of such Note and for all other purposes under this Indenture; and neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any Paying Agent nor any Conversion Agent nor any Note Registrar shall be affected by any notice to the contrary. All such payments or deliveries so made to any Holder for the time being, or upon its order, shall be valid, and, to the extent of the sums or shares of Common Stock so paid or delivered, effectual to satisfy and discharge the liability for monies payable or shares deliverable upon any such Note. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Indenture or the Notes following an Event of Default, any holder of a beneficial interest in a Global Note may directly enforce against the Company, without the consent, solicitation, proxy, authorization or any other action of the Depositary or any other Person, such holder’s right to exchange such beneficial interest for a Note in certificated form in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture.
 
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Section 8.04. Company-Owned Notes Disregarded. In determining whether the Holders of the requisite aggregate principal amount of Notes have concurred in any direction, consent, waiver or other action under this Indenture, Notes that are owned by the Company, by any Subsidiary thereof or by any Affiliate of the Company or any Subsidiary thereof shall be disregarded and deemed not to be outstanding for the purpose of any such determination; provided that for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, consent, waiver or other action only Notes that a Responsible Officer knows are so owned shall be so disregarded. Notes so owned that have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as outstanding for the purposes of this Section 8.04 if the pledgee shall establish to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right to so act with respect to such Notes and that the pledgee is not the Company, a Subsidiary thereof or an Affiliate of the Company or a Subsidiary thereof. In the case of a dispute as to such right, any decision by the Trustee taken upon the advice of counsel shall be full protection to the Trustee. Upon request of the Trustee, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee promptly an Officer’s Certificate listing and identifying all Notes, if any, known by the Company to be owned or held by or for the account of any of the above described Persons; and, subject to Section 7.01, the Trustee shall be entitled to accept such Officer’s Certificate as conclusive evidence of the facts therein set forth and of the fact that all Notes not listed therein are outstanding for the purpose of any such determination.
Section 8.05. Revocation of Consents; Future Holders Bound. At any time prior to (but not after) the evidencing to the Trustee, as provided in Section 8.01, of the taking of any action by the Holders of the percentage of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes specified in this Indenture in connection with such action, any Holder of a Note that is shown by the evidence to be included in the Notes the Holders of which have consented to such action may, by filing written notice with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office and upon proof of holding as provided in Section 8.02, revoke such action so far as concerns such Note. Except as aforesaid, any such action taken by the Holder of any Note shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all future Holders and owners of such Note and of any Notes issued in exchange or substitution therefor or upon registration of transfer thereof, irrespective of whether any notation in regard thereto is made upon such Note or any Note issued in exchange or substitution therefor or upon registration of transfer thereof.
ARTICLE 9
H OLDERS ’ M EETINGS
Section 9.01. Purpose of Meetings. A meeting of Holders may be called at any time and from time to time pursuant to the provisions of this Article 9 for any of the following purposes:
(a) to give any notice to the Company or to the Trustee or to give any directions to the Trustee permitted under this Indenture, or to consent to the waiving of any Default or Event of Default hereunder (in each case, as permitted under this Indenture) and its consequences, or to take any other action authorized to be taken by Holders pursuant to any of the provisions of Article 6;
 
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(b) to remove the Trustee and nominate a successor trustee pursuant to the provisions of Article 7;
(c) to consent to the execution of an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto pursuant to the provisions of Section 10.02; or
(d) to take any other action authorized to be taken by or on behalf of the Holders of any specified aggregate principal amount of the Notes under any other provision of this Indenture or under applicable law.
Section 9.02. Call of Meetings by Trustee. The Trustee may at any time call a meeting of Holders to take any action specified in Section 9.01, to be held at such time and at such place as the Trustee shall determine. Notice of every meeting of the Holders, setting forth the time and the place of such meeting and in general terms the action proposed to be taken at such meeting and the establishment of any record date pursuant to Section 8.01, shall be sent to Holders of such Notes at their addresses as they shall appear on the Note Register. Such notice shall also be sent to the Company. Such notices shall be sent not less than 20 nor more than 90 days prior to the date fixed for the meeting.
Any meeting of Holders shall be valid without notice if the Holders of all Notes then outstanding are present in person or by proxy or if notice is waived before or after the meeting by the Holders of all Notes then outstanding, and if the Company and the Trustee are either present by duly authorized representatives or have, before or after the meeting, waived notice.
Section 9.03. Call of Meetings by Company or Holders. In case at any time the Company, pursuant to a Board Resolution, or the Holders of at least 10% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding, shall have requested the Trustee to call a meeting of Holders, by written request setting forth in reasonable detail the action proposed to be taken at the meeting, and the Trustee shall not have sent the notice of such meeting within 20 days after receipt of such request, then the Company or such Holders may determine the time and the place for such meeting and may call such meeting to take any action authorized in Section 9.01, by sending notice thereof as provided in Section 9.02.
Section 9.04. Qualifications for Voting. To be entitled to vote at any meeting of Holders a Person shall (a) be a Holder of one or more Notes on the record date pertaining to such meeting or (b) be a Person appointed by an instrument in writing as proxy by a Holder of one or more Notes on the record date pertaining to such meeting. The only Persons who shall be entitled to be present or to speak at any meeting of Holders shall be the Persons entitled to vote at such meeting and their counsel and any representatives of the Trustee and its counsel and any representatives of the Company and its counsel.
Section 9.05. Regulations. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Indenture, the Trustee may make such reasonable regulations as it may deem advisable for any meeting of Holders, in regard to proof of the holding of Notes and of the appointment of proxies, and in regard to the appointment and duties of inspectors of votes, the submission and examination of proxies, certificates and other evidence of the right to vote, and such other matters concerning the conduct of the meeting as it shall think fit.
 
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The Trustee shall, by an instrument in writing, appoint a temporary chairman of the meeting, unless the meeting shall have been called by the Company or by Holders as provided in Section 9.03, in which case the Company or the Holders calling the meeting, as the case may be, shall in like manner appoint a temporary chairman. A permanent chairman and a permanent secretary of the meeting shall be elected by vote of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes represented at the meeting and entitled to vote at the meeting.
Subject to the provisions of Section 8.04, at any meeting of Holders each Holder or proxyholder shall be entitled to one vote for each $1,000 principal amount of Notes held or represented by him or her; provided , however , that no vote shall be cast or counted at any meeting in respect of any Note challenged as not outstanding and ruled by the chairman of the meeting to be not outstanding. The chairman of the meeting shall have no right to vote other than by virtue of Notes held by it or instruments in writing as aforesaid duly designating it as the proxy to vote on behalf of other Holders. Any meeting of Holders duly called pursuant to the provisions of Section 9.02 or Section 9.03 may be adjourned from time to time by the Holders of a majority of the aggregate principal amount of Notes represented at the meeting, whether or not constituting a quorum, and the meeting may be held as so adjourned without further notice.
Section 9.06. Voting. The vote upon any resolution submitted to any meeting of Holders shall be by written ballot on which shall be subscribed the signatures of the Holders or of their representatives by proxy and the outstanding aggregate principal amount of the Notes held or represented by them. The permanent chairman of the meeting shall appoint two inspectors of votes who shall count all votes cast at the meeting for or against any resolution and who shall make and file with the secretary of the meeting their verified written reports in duplicate of all votes cast at the meeting. A record in duplicate of the proceedings of each meeting of Holders shall be prepared by the secretary of the meeting and there shall be attached to said record the original reports of the inspectors of votes on any vote by ballot taken thereat and affidavits by one or more Persons having knowledge of the facts setting forth a copy of the notice of the meeting and showing that said notice was mailed as provided in Section 9.02. The record shall show the aggregate principal amount of the Notes voting in favor of or against any resolution. The record shall be signed and verified by the affidavits of the permanent chairman and secretary of the meeting and one of the duplicates shall be delivered to the Company and the other to the Trustee to be preserved by the Trustee, the latter to have attached thereto the ballots voted at the meeting.
Any record so signed and verified shall be conclusive evidence of the matters therein stated.
Section 9.07. No Delay of Rights by Meeting. Nothing contained in this Article 9 shall be deemed or construed to authorize or permit, by reason of any call of a meeting of Holders or any rights expressly or impliedly conferred hereunder to make such call, any hindrance or delay in the exercise of any right or rights conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders under any of the provisions of this Indenture or of the Notes.
 
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ARTICLE 10
S UPPLEMENTAL I NDENTURES
Section 10.01. Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders. The Company, when authorized by the resolutions of the Board of Directors and the Trustee, at the Company’s expense, may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for one or more of the following purposes:
(a) to cure any ambiguity, omission, defect or inconsistency;
(b) to provide for the assumption by a Successor Company of the obligations of the Company under this Indenture pursuant to Article 11;
(c) to add guarantees or co-obligors with respect to the Notes;
(d) to secure the Notes;
(e) to add to the covenants or Events of Default of the Company for the benefit of the Holders or surrender any right or power conferred upon the Company;
(f) to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any Holder in any material respect;
(g) in connection with any Merger Event, to provide that the Notes are convertible into Reference Property, subject to the provisions of Section 14.02, and make such related changes to the terms of the Notes and conversion rights of the Holders to the extent expressly required by Section 14.07;
(h) to provide for the acceptance of appointment by a successor Trustee in accordance with this Indenture;
(i) to comply with the rules of any applicable Depositary, so long as such amendment does not adversely affect the rights of any Holder in any material respect;
(j) to permit for the issuance of additional Notes in accordance with this Indenture;
(k) to comply with any requirement of the Commission in connection with the qualification of this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act so long as such amendment does not adversely affect the rights of any Holder in any material respect;
(l) to irrevocably elect or eliminate one of the Settlement Methods and/or irrevocably elect a minimum Specified Dollar Amount; or
 
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(m) to conform the provisions of this Indenture or the Notes to the “Description of notes” section of the Offering Memorandum.
Upon the written request of the Company, the Trustee is hereby authorized to join with the Company in the execution of any such supplemental indenture, to make any further appropriate agreements and stipulations that may be therein contained, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to, but may in its discretion, enter into any supplemental indenture that affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties, liabilities or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.
Any supplemental indenture authorized by the provisions of this Section 10.01 may be executed by the Company and the Trustee without the consent of the Holders of any of the Notes at the time outstanding, notwithstanding any of the provisions of Section 10.02.
Section 10.02. Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders. With the consent (evidenced as provided in Article 8) of the Holders of at least a majority of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding (determined in accordance with Article 8 and including, without limitation, consents obtained in connection with a repurchase of, or tender or exchange offer for, Notes), the Company, when authorized by the resolutions of the Board of Directors and the Trustee, at the Company’s expense, may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders; provided , however , that, without the consent of each Holder of an outstanding Note affected, no such supplemental indenture shall:
(a) reduce the amount of Notes whose Holders must consent to an amendment;
(b) reduce the rate of or extend the stated time for payment of interest on any Note;
(c) reduce the principal of or extend the Maturity Date of any Note;
(d) make any change that adversely affects the conversion rights of any Notes;
(e) reduce the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price of any Note or amend or modify in any manner adverse to the Holders the Company’s obligation to make such payments, whether through an amendment or waiver of provisions in the covenants, definitions or otherwise;
(f) make any Note payable in a currency, or at a place of payment, other than that stated in the Note;
(g) change the ranking of the Notes;
(h) impair the right of any Holder to receive payment of principal and interest on such Holder’s Notes on or after the due dates therefor or to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on or with respect to such Holder’s Notes;
 
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(i) make any change to the provisions of Section 4.09 in a manner adverse to Holders; or
(j) make any change in this Article 10 that requires each Holder’s consent or in the waiver provisions in Section 6.02 or Section 6.09.
Upon the written request of the Company, and upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence of the consent of Holders as aforesaid and subject to Section 10.05, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the execution of such supplemental indenture unless such supplemental indenture affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties, liabilities or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion, but shall not be obligated to, enter into such supplemental indenture.
Holders do not need under this Section 10.02 to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture. It shall be sufficient if such Holders approve the substance thereof. After any such supplemental indenture becomes effective, the Company shall send to the Holders a notice briefly describing such supplemental indenture. However, the failure to give such notice to all the Holders, or any defect in the notice, will not impair or affect the validity of the supplemental indenture.
Section 10.03. Effect of Supplemental Indentures. Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article 10, this Indenture and the Notes shall be and be deemed to be modified and amended in accordance therewith and the respective rights, limitation of rights, obligations, duties, liabilities and immunities under this Indenture of the Trustee, the Company and the Holders shall thereafter be determined, exercised and enforced hereunder subject in all respects to such modifications and amendments and all the terms and conditions of any such supplemental indenture shall be and be deemed to be part of the terms and conditions of this Indenture for any and all purposes.
Section 10.04. Notation on Notes. Notes authenticated and delivered after the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article 10 may, at the Company’s expense, bear a notation as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Notes so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, to any modification of this Indenture contained in any such supplemental indenture may, at the Company’s expense, be prepared and executed by the Company, authenticated by the Trustee (or an authenticating agent duly appointed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 17.10) and delivered in exchange for the Notes then outstanding, upon surrender of such Notes then outstanding.
Section 10.05. Evidence of Compliance of Supplemental Indenture to Be Furnished to Trustee. In addition to the documents required by Section 17.05, the Trustee shall receive an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any supplemental indenture executed pursuant hereto complies with the requirements of this Article 10 and is permitted or authorized by this Indenture.
 
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ARTICLE 11
C ONSOLIDATION , M ERGER , S ALE , C ONVEYANCE AND L EASE
Section 11.01. Company May Consolidate, Etc. on Certain Terms. Subject to the provisions of Section 11.02, the Company shall not consolidate with, merge with or into, or sell, convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of its properties and assets to another Person, unless:
(a) the resulting, surviving or transferee Person (the “ Successor Company ”), if not the Company, shall be a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia or the Cayman Islands, the Islands of Bermuda, the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg, the Republic of Ireland, Canada or the United Kingdom, and the Successor Company (if not the Company) shall expressly assume, by supplemental indenture all of the obligations of the Company under the Notes and this Indenture (including, for the avoidance of doubt, the obligation to pay Additional Amounts, as set forth in Section 4.09); and
(b) immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing under this Indenture.
For purposes of this Section 11.01, the sale, conveyance, transfer or lease of all or substantially all of the properties and assets of one or more Subsidiaries of the Company to another Person, which properties and assets, if held by the Company instead of such Subsidiaries, would constitute all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company on a consolidated basis, shall be deemed to be the sale, conveyance, transfer or lease of all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company to another Person.
Section 11.02. Successor Corporation to Be Substituted. In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or lease and upon the assumption by the Successor Company, by supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee and satisfactory in form to the Trustee, of the due and punctual payment of the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest on all of the Notes, the due and punctual delivery or payment, as the case may be, of any consideration due upon conversion of the Notes and the due and punctual performance of all of the covenants and conditions of this Indenture to be performed by the Company, such Successor Company (if not the Company) shall succeed to and, except in the case of a lease of all or substantially all of the Company’s properties and assets, shall be substituted for the Company, with the same effect as if it had been named herein as the party of the first part, and the Company (except in the case of a lease of all or substantially all of the Company’s property and assets) shall be discharged from the obligations of the Company under the Notes and this Indenture. Such Successor Company thereupon may cause to be signed, and may issue either in its own name or in the name of the Company any or all of the Notes issuable hereunder which theretofore shall not have been signed by the Company and delivered to the Trustee; and, upon the order of such Successor Company instead of the Company and subject to all the terms, conditions and limitations in this Indenture prescribed, the Trustee shall authenticate and shall deliver, or cause to be authenticated and delivered, any Notes that previously shall have been signed and delivered by the Officers of the Company to the Trustee for authentication, and any Notes that such Successor Company thereafter shall cause to be signed and delivered to the Trustee for that purpose. All the Notes so issued shall in all respects have the same legal rank and benefit under this Indenture as the Notes theretofore or thereafter issued in accordance with the terms of this Indenture as though all of such Notes had been issued at the date of the execution hereof. In the event of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance or transfer (but not in the case of a lease), upon compliance with this Article 11 the Person named as the “Company” in the first paragraph of this Indenture (or any successor that shall thereafter have become such in the manner prescribed in this Article 11) may be dissolved, wound up and liquidated at any time thereafter and, except in the case of a lease, such Person shall be released from its liabilities as obligor and maker of the Notes and from its obligations under this Indenture and the Notes.
 
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In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or lease, such changes in phraseology and form (but not in substance) may be made in the Notes thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate.
Section 11.03. Opinion of Counsel to Be Given to Trustee. No such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or lease shall be effective unless the Trustee shall receive an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or lease and any such assumption and, if a supplemental indenture is required in connection with such transaction, such supplemental indenture, complies with the provisions of this Article 11.
ARTICLE 12
I MMUNITY OF I NCORPORATORS , S TOCKHOLDERS , O FFICERS AND D IRECTORS
Section 12.01. Indenture and Notes Solely Corporate Obligations. No recourse for the payment of the principal of or accrued and unpaid interest on any Note, nor for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, and no recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement of the Company in this Indenture or in any supplemental indenture or in any Note, nor because of the creation of any indebtedness represented thereby, shall be had against any incorporator, stockholder, employee, agent, Officer or director or Subsidiary, as such, past, present or future, of the Company or of any successor corporation, either directly or through the Company or any successor corporation, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that all such liability is hereby expressly waived and released by the Holders as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and the issue of the Notes.
 
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ARTICLE 13
[I NTENTIONALLY O MITTED ]
ARTICLE 14
C ONVERSION OF N OTES
Section 14.01. Conversion Privilege. (a) Subject to and upon compliance with the provisions of this Article 14, each Holder of a Note shall have the right, at such Holder’s option, to convert all or any portion (if the portion to be converted is $1,000 principal amount or an integral multiple thereof) of such Note (i) subject to satisfaction of the conditions described in Section 14.01(b), at any time prior to the close of business on the Business Day immediately preceding December 15, 2021 under the circumstances and during the periods set forth in Section 14.01(b), and (ii) regardless of the conditions described in Section 14.01(b), on or after December 15, 2021 and prior to the close of business on the second Scheduled Trading Day immediately preceding the Maturity Date, in each case, at an initial conversion rate of 15.7858 shares of Common Stock (subject to adjustment as provided in this Article 14, the “ Conversion Rate ”) per $1,000 principal amount of Notes (subject to, and in accordance with, the settlement provisions of Section 14.02, the “ Conversion Obligation ”).
(b) (i) Prior to the close of business on the Business Day immediately preceding December 15, 2021, a Holder may surrender all or any portion of its Notes for conversion at any time during the five Business Day period immediately after any ten consecutive Trading Day period (the “ Measurement Period ”) in which the Trading Price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, as determined following a request by a Holder of Notes in accordance with this subsection (b)(i), for each Trading Day of the Measurement Period was less than 98% of the product of the Last Reported Sale Price of the Common Stock on each such Trading Day and the Conversion Rate on each such Trading Day. The Trading Prices shall be determined by the Bid Solicitation Agent pursuant to this subsection (b)(i) and the definition of Trading Price set forth in this Indenture. The Company shall provide written notice to the Bid Solicitation Agent (if other than the Company) of the three independent nationally recognized securities dealers selected by the Company pursuant to the definition of Trading Price, along with appropriate contact information for each and the Company shall direct such securities dealers to work with the Bid Solicitation Agent. The Bid Solicitation Agent (if other than the Company) shall have no obligation to determine the Trading Price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes unless the Company has requested such determination (or, if the Company is acting as Bid Solicitation Agent, the Company shall have no obligation to determine the Trading Price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes) and the Company shall have no obligation to make such request unless a Holder of at least $5,000,000 aggregate principal amount of Notes provides the Company with reasonable evidence that the Trading Price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes on any Trading Day would be less than 98% of the product of the Last Reported Sale Price of the Common Stock on such Trading Day and the Conversion Rate on such Trading Day and such Holder requests that the Company request that the Bid Solicitation Agent determine or, if the Company is acting as Bid Solicitation Agent, requests that the Company determine, the Trading Price of the Notes, at which time the Company shall instruct the Bid Solicitation Agent (if other than the Company) to determine, or if the Company is acting as Bid Solicitation Agent, the Company shall determine, the Trading Price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes beginning on the next Trading Day and on each successive Trading Day until the Trading Price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes is greater than or equal to 98% of the product of the Last Reported Sale Price of the Common Stock and the Conversion Rate. If (x) the Company is not acting as Bid Solicitation Agent, and the Company does not instruct the Bid Solicitation Agent to determine the Trading Price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes when obligated as provided in the preceding sentence, or if the Company instructs the Bid Solicitation Agent to obtain bids when required and the Bid Solicitation Agent fails to carry out such instruction, or (y) the Company is acting as Bid Solicitation Agent and the Company fails to make such determination when obligated as provided in the preceding sentence, then, in either case, the Trading Price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes shall be deemed to be less than 98% of the product of the Last Reported Sale Price of the Common Stock and the Conversion Rate on each Trading Day of such failure. If the Trading Price condition set forth above has been met, the Company shall so notify the Holders, the Trustee and the Conversion Agent (if other than the Trustee). If, at any time after the Trading Price condition set forth above has been met, the Trading Price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes is greater than or equal to 98% of the product of the Last Reported Sale Price of the Common Stock and the Conversion Rate for such date, the Company shall so notify the Holders of the Notes, the Trustee and the Conversion Agent (if other than the Trustee).
 
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(ii) If, prior to the close of business on the Business Day immediately preceding December 15, 2021, the Company elects to:
(A) issue to all or substantially all holders of the Common Stock any rights, options or warrants (other than pursuant to a stockholders rights plan, so long as such rights have not separated from the shares of Common Stock) entitling them, for a period of not more than 45 calendar days after the announcement date of such issuance, to subscribe for or purchase shares of the Common Stock at a price per share that is less than the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices of the Common Stock for the 10 consecutive Trading Day period ending on, and including, the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of announcement of such issuance; or
(B) distribute to all or substantially all holders of the Common Stock the Company’s assets, securities or rights to purchase securities of the Company (other than pursuant to a stockholders rights plan, so long as such rights have not separated from the shares of Common Stock), which distribution has a per share value, as reasonably determined by the Company, exceeding 10% of the Last Reported Sale Price of the Common Stock on the Trading Day preceding the date of announcement for such distribution,
 
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then, in either case, the Company shall notify all Holders of the Notes, the Trustee and the Conversion Agent (if other than the Trustee) at least 45 Scheduled Trading Days prior to the Ex-Dividend Date for such issuance or distribution. Once the Company has given such notice, a Holder may surrender all or any portion of its Notes for conversion at any time until the earlier of (1) the close of business on the Business Day immediately preceding the Ex-Dividend Date for such issuance or distribution and (2) the Company’s announcement that such issuance or distribution will not take place, in each case, even if the Notes are not otherwise convertible at such time. Holders of the Notes may not exercise this right if they participate (other than in the case of a share split or share combination), at the same time and upon the same terms as Holders of the Common Stock and solely as a result of holding the Notes, in any of the transactions described in this Section 14.01(b)(ii) without having to convert their Notes as if they held a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the applicable Conversion Rate multiplied by the principal amount (expressed in thousands) of Notes held by such Holder. None of the Trustee, the Bid Solicitation Agent, or Conversion Agent shall have any duty to determine or verify the Company’s determination of whether an issuance or distribution described in this clause (ii) has occurred.
(iii) If a transaction or event that constitutes a Fundamental Change or a Make-Whole Fundamental Change occurs regardless of whether a Holder has the right to require the Company to repurchase the Notes pursuant to Section 15.02, or if the Company is a party to a consolidation, merger, binding share exchange, or transfer or lease of all or substantially all of its assets, in each case, pursuant to which the Common Stock would be converted into Reference Property in a transaction described in Section 14.07(a) (but, in each case, excluding any reorganization or merger of the Company solely for the purpose of changing the Company’s jurisdiction of incorporation that results in a reclassification, conversion or exchange of outstanding shares of Common Stock solely into Reference Property constituting shares of common stock of the surviving entity listed or quoted on any of The New York Stock Exchange, The NASDAQ Global Select Market or The NASDAQ Global Market (or any of their respective successors)), in each case, prior to the close of business on the Business Day immediately preceding December 15, 2021, all or any portion of a Holder’s Notes may be surrendered for conversion at any time from or after the effective date of such transaction or event until the earlier of (x) 35 Trading Days after the actual effective date of such transaction or event, if such transaction or event also constitutes a Fundamental Change, until the related Fundamental Change Repurchase Date and (y) the second Scheduled Trading Day immediately preceding the Maturity Date. The Company shall notify Holders, the Trustee and the Conversion Agent (if other than the Trustee) within one Business Day of the occurrence such transaction or event. None of the Trustee, the Bid Solicitation Agent, or Conversion Agent shall have any duty to determine or verify the Company’s determination of whether a transaction or event described in this clause (iii) has occurred.
(iv) Prior to the close of business on the Business Day immediately preceding December 15, 2021, a Holder may surrender all or any portion of its Notes for conversion at any time during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2015 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the Last Reported Sale Price of the Common Stock for at least 20 Trading Days (whether or not consecutive) during the period of 30 consecutive Trading Days ending on the last Trading Day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than 130% of the Conversion Price on each applicable Trading Day. The Company shall determine at the beginning of each calendar quarter commencing after September 30, 2015 whether the Notes may be surrendered for conversion in accordance with this clause (iv) and shall notify the Trustee and the Conversion Agent (if other than the Trustee) if the Notes become convertible in accordance with this clause (iv).
 
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Section 14.02. Conversion Procedure; Settlement Upon Conversion.
(a) Subject to this Section 14.02, Section 14.03(b) and Section 14.07(a), upon conversion of any Note, the Company shall pay or deliver, as the case may be, to the converting Holder, in respect of each $1,000 principal amount of Notes being converted, cash (“ Cash Settlement ”), shares of Common Stock, together with cash, if applicable, in lieu of delivering any fractional share of Common Stock in accordance with subsection (j) of this Section 14.02 (“ Physical Settlement ”) or a combination of cash and shares of Common Stock, together with cash, if applicable, in lieu of delivering any fractional share of Common Stock in accordance with subsection (j) of this Section 14.02 (“ Combination Settlement ”), at its election, as set forth in this Section 14.02 and subject in all respects to Section 14.02(a)(iii).
(i) All conversions for which the relevant Conversion Date occurs on or after December 15, 2021 shall be settled using the same Settlement Method.
(ii) Except for any conversions for which the relevant Conversion Date occurs on or after December 15, 2021, the Company shall use the same Settlement Method for all conversions with the same Conversion Date, but the Company shall not have any obligation to use the same Settlement Method with respect to conversions with different Conversion Dates.
(iii) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Indenture or the Notes, the Company shall not elect a Settlement Method, and the Company shall be deemed to have elected Cash Settlement, in respect of any conversion of Notes for which the relevant Conversion Date occurs prior to the first date (the “ Stockholder Approval Date ”) on which (x) the Company’s stockholders have approved an increase in the number of authorized but unissued shares of the Common Stock that are not reserved for other purposes sufficient for the Company to issue and deliver upon conversion of all outstanding Notes the full number of shares of Common Stock underlying such Notes, assuming for such purposes that a single Holder converted all outstanding Notes and the Company elected Physical Settlement in respect of such conversion, and including the maximum number of Additional Shares that may be added to the Conversion Rate upon conversion in connection with a Make-Whole Fundamental Change, as described in Section 14.03 (the “ Maximum Number of Underlying Shares ”) and (y) the Company has reserved for issuance upon conversion of all outstanding Notes a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the Maximum Number of Underlying Shares. For any conversions for which the relevant Conversion Date occurs on or after the Stockholder Approval Date, the Company may elect Cash Settlement, Physical Settlement or Combination Settlement as otherwise described in this Section 14.02. If the Company receives stockholder approval on any day, the Company shall notify Holders, the Trustee and the Conversion Agent (if other than the Trustee) within five Business Days of such approval.
 
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(iv) If, in respect of any Conversion Date (or in respect of any conversion for which the relevant Conversion Date occurs on or after December 15, 2021), the Company elects to deliver a notice (the “ Settlement Notice ”) of the relevant Settlement Method in respect of such Conversion Date (or in respect of any conversion for which the relevant Conversion Date occurs on or after December 15, 2021), the Company, through the Conversion Agent, shall deliver such Settlement Notice to converting Holders no later than the close of business on the Trading Day immediately following the relevant Conversion Date (or, in the case of any conversions for which the relevant Conversion Date occurs on or after December 15, 2021, no later than December 15, 2021). If the Company does not elect a Settlement Method in respect of any conversions for which the relevant Conversion Date occurs on or after the Stockholder Approval Date, the Company shall no longer have the right to elect Cash Settlement or Physical Settlement and the Company shall be deemed to have elected Combination Settlement in respect of its Conversion Obligation, and the Specified Dollar Amount per $1,000 principal amount of Notes shall be equal to $1,000. Such Settlement Notice shall specify the relevant Settlement Method and in the case of an election of Combination Settlement, the relevant Settlement Notice shall indicate the Specified Dollar Amount per $1,000 principal amount of Notes. If the Company delivers a Settlement Notice electing Combination Settlement in respect of its Conversion Obligation but does not indicate a Specified Dollar Amount per $1,000 principal amount of Notes in such Settlement Notice, the Specified Dollar Amount per $1,000 principal amount of Notes shall be deemed to be $1,000.
(v) The cash, shares of Common Stock or combination of cash and shares of Common Stock in respect of any conversion of Notes (the “ Settlement Amount ”) shall be computed as follows:
(A) if the Company elects to satisfy its Conversion Obligation in respect of such conversion by Physical Settlement, the Company shall deliver to the converting Holder in respect of each $1,000 principal amount of Notes being converted a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the Conversion Rate in effect on the Conversion Date;
(B) if the Company elects (or is deemed to have elected) to satisfy its Conversion Obligation in respect of such conversion by Cash Settlement, the Company shall pay to the converting Holder in respect of each $1,000 principal amount of Notes being converted cash in an amount equal to the sum of the Daily Conversion Values for each of the 40 consecutive Trading Days during the related Observation Period; and
 
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(C) if the Company elects (or is deemed to have elected) to satisfy its Conversion Obligation in respect of such conversion by Combination Settlement, the Company shall pay or deliver, as the case may be, in respect of each $1,000 principal amount of Notes being converted, a Settlement Amount equal to the sum of the Daily Settlement Amounts for each of the 40 consecutive Trading Days during the related Observation Period.
(vi) The Daily Settlement Amounts (if applicable) and the Daily Conversion Values (if applicable) shall be determined by the Company promptly following the last day of the Observation Period. Promptly after such determination of the Daily Settlement Amounts or the Daily Conversion Values, as the case may be, and the amount of cash payable in lieu of delivering any fractional share of Common Stock, the Company shall notify in writing the Trustee and the Conversion Agent (if other than the Trustee) of the Daily Settlement Amounts or the Daily Conversion Values, as the case may be, and the amount of cash payable in lieu of delivering fractional shares of Common Stock. The Trustee and the Conversion Agent (if other than the Company) shall have no responsibility for any such determination.
(b) Subject to Section 14.02(e), before any Holder of a Note shall be entitled to convert a Note as set forth above, such Holder shall (i) in the case of a Global Note, comply with the procedures of the Depositary in effect at that time and, if required, pay funds equal to interest payable on the next Interest Payment Date to which such Holder is not entitled as set forth in Section 14.02(h) and (ii) in the case of a Physical Note (1) complete, manually sign and deliver an irrevocable notice to the Conversion Agent as set forth in the Form of Notice of Conversion (or a facsimile thereof) (a “ Notice of Conversion ”) at the office of the Conversion Agent and state in writing therein the principal amount of Notes to be converted and the name or names (with addresses) in which such Holder wishes the certificate or certificates for any shares of Common Stock to be delivered upon settlement of the Conversion Obligation to be registered, (2) surrender such Notes, duly endorsed to the Company or in blank (and accompanied by appropriate endorsement and transfer documents), at the office of the Conversion Agent, (3) if required, pay all applicable transfer or similar taxes, if any, as described in Section 14.02(e), (4) if required, furnish appropriate endorsements and transfer documents and (5) if required, pay funds equal to interest payable on the next Interest Payment Date to which such Holder is not entitled as set forth in Section 14.02(h). The Trustee (and, if different, the Conversion Agent) shall notify the Company of any conversion pursuant to this Article 14 on the Conversion Date for such conversion. No Notice of Conversion with respect to any Notes may be surrendered by a Holder thereof if such Holder has also delivered a Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice to the Company in respect of such Notes and has not validly withdrawn such Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice in accordance with Section 15.03.
If more than one Note shall be surrendered for conversion at one time by the same Holder, the Conversion Obligation with respect to such Notes shall be computed on the basis of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes (or specified portions thereof to the extent permitted thereby) so surrendered.
 
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(c) A Note shall be deemed to have been converted immediately prior to the close of business on the date (the “ Conversion Date ”) that the Holder has complied with the requirements set forth in subsection (b) above. Except as set forth in Section 14.03(b) and Section 14.07(a), the Company shall pay or deliver, as the case may be, the consideration due in respect of the Conversion Obligation (i) on the third Business Day immediately following the relevant Conversion Date, if the Company elects Physical Settlement; provided that, in the case of Physical Settlement, with respect to any Conversion Date occurring after the Regular Record Date immediately preceding the Maturity Date, settlement shall occur on the Maturity Date, or (ii) on the third Business Day immediately following the last Trading Day of the Observation Period, in the case of any other Settlement Method. If any shares of Common Stock are due to converting Holders, the Company shall issue or cause to be issued, and deliver to the Conversion Agent or to such Holder, or such Holder’s nominee or nominees, certificates or a book-entry transfer through the Depositary for the full number of shares of Common Stock to which such Holder shall be entitled in satisfaction of the Company’s Conversion Obligation.
(d) In case any Note shall be surrendered for partial conversion, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to or upon the written order of the Holder of the Note so surrendered a new Note or Notes in authorized denominations in an aggregate principal amount equal to the unconverted portion of the surrendered Note, without payment of any service charge by the converting Holder but, if required by the Company or Trustee, with payment of a sum sufficient to cover any documentary, stamp or similar issue or transfer tax or similar governmental charge required by law or that may be imposed in connection therewith as a result of the name of the Holder of the new Notes issued upon such conversion being different from the name of the Holder of the old Notes surrendered for such conversion.
(e) If a Holder submits a Note for conversion, the Company shall pay any documentary, stamp or similar issue or transfer tax due on the issue of any shares of Common Stock upon conversion, unless the tax is due because the Holder requests such shares to be issued in a name other than the Holder’s name, in which case the Holder shall pay that tax. The Conversion Agent may refuse to deliver the certificates representing the shares of Common Stock being issued in a name other than the Holder’s name until the Trustee receives a sum sufficient to pay any tax that is due by such Holder in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence.
(f) Except as provided in Section 14.04, no adjustment shall be made for dividends on any shares of Common Stock issued upon the conversion of any Note as provided in this Article 14.
(g) Upon the conversion of an interest in a Global Note, the Trustee, or the Custodian at the direction of the Trustee, shall make a notation on such Global Note as to the reduction in the principal amount represented thereby. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of any conversion of Notes effected through any Conversion Agent other than the Trustee.
 
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(h) Upon conversion, a Holder shall not receive any separate cash payment for accrued and unpaid interest, if any, except as set forth below. The Company’s settlement of the full Conversion Obligation shall be deemed to satisfy in full its obligation to pay the principal amount of the Note and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the relevant Conversion Date. As a result, accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the relevant Conversion Date shall be deemed to be paid in full rather than cancelled, extinguished or forfeited. Upon a conversion of Notes into a combination of cash and shares of Common Stock, accrued and unpaid interest will be deemed to be paid first out of the cash paid upon such conversion. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Notes are converted after the close of business on a Regular Record Date, Holders of such Notes as of the close of business on such Regular Record Date will receive the full amount of interest payable on such Notes on the corresponding Interest Payment Date notwithstanding the conversion. Notes surrendered for conversion during the period from the close of business on any Regular Record Date to the open of business on the immediately following Interest Payment Date must be accompanied by funds equal to the amount of interest payable on the Notes so converted; provided that no such payment shall be required (1) for conversions after the close of business on the Regular Record Date immediately preceding the Maturity Date; (2) if the Company has specified a Fundamental Change Repurchase Date that is after a Regular Record Date and on or prior to the Business Day immediately following the corresponding Interest Payment Date; or (3) to the extent of any Defaulted Amounts, if any Defaulted Amounts exists at the time of conversion with respect to such Note. Therefore, for the avoidance of doubt, all applicable Holders of record after the close of business on the Regular Record Date immediately preceding the Maturity Date shall receive the full interest payment due on the Maturity Date regardless of whether their Notes have been converted following such Regular Record Date.
(i) The Person in whose name the shares of Common Stock shall be issuable upon conversion shall be treated as a stockholder of record as of the close of business on the relevant Conversion Date (if the Company elects to satisfy the related Conversion Obligation by Physical Settlement) or the last Trading Day of the relevant Observation Period (if the Company elects to satisfy the related Conversion Obligation by Combination Settlement), as the case may be. Upon a conversion of Notes, such Person shall no longer be a Holder of such Notes surrendered for conversion.
(j) The Company shall not issue any fractional share of Common Stock upon conversion of the Notes and shall instead pay cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share of Common Stock issuable upon conversion based on the Daily VWAP for the relevant Conversion Date (in the case of Physical Settlement) or based on the Daily VWAP for the last Trading Day of the relevant Observation Period (in the case of Combination Settlement). For each Note surrendered for conversion, if the Company has elected Combination Settlement, the full number of shares that shall be issued upon conversion thereof shall be computed on the basis of the aggregate Daily Settlement Amounts for the relevant Observation Period and any fractional shares remaining after such computation shall be paid in cash.
Section 14.03. Increased Conversion Rate Applicable to Certain Notes Surrendered in Connection with Make-Whole Fundamental Changes. (a) If a Make-Whole Fundamental Change occurs or becomes effective prior to the Maturity Date and a Holder elects to convert its Notes in connection with such Make-Whole Fundamental Change, the Company shall, under the circumstances described below, increase the Conversion Rate for the Notes so surrendered for conversion by a number of additional shares of Common Stock (the “ Additional Shares ”), as described below. A conversion of Notes shall be deemed for these purposes to be “in connection with” such Make-Whole Fundamental Change if the relevant Notice of Conversion is received by the Conversion Agent from, and including, the Effective Date of the Make-Whole Fundamental Change up to, and including, the Business Day immediately prior to the related Fundamental Change Repurchase Date (or, in the case of a Make-Whole Fundamental Change that would have been a Fundamental Change but for the proviso in clause (b) of the definition thereof, the 35th Trading Day immediately following the Effective Date of such Make-Whole Fundamental Change) (such period, the “ Make-Whole Fundamental Change Period ”).
 
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(b) Upon surrender of Notes for conversion in connection with a Make-Whole Fundamental Change pursuant to Section 14.01(b)(iii), the Company shall, at its option, satisfy the related Conversion Obligation by Physical Settlement, Cash Settlement or Combination Settlement, subject to the limitations and in accordance with Section 14.02; provided , however , that if, at the effective time of a Make-Whole Fundamental Change described in clause (b) of the definition of Fundamental Change, the Reference Property following such Make-Whole Fundamental Change is composed entirely of cash, for any conversion of Notes following the Effective Date of such Make-Whole Fundamental Change, the Conversion Obligation shall be calculated based solely on the Stock Price for the transaction and shall be deemed to be an amount of cash per $1,000 principal amount of converted Notes equal to the Conversion Rate (including any adjustment for Additional Shares), multiplied by such Stock Price. In such event, the Conversion Obligation shall be paid to Holders in cash on the third Business Day following the Conversion Date. The Company shall notify in writing the Holders of Notes, the Trustee and the Conversion Agent of the Effective Date of any Make-Whole Fundamental Change no later than five Business Days after such Effective Date.
(c) The number of Additional Shares, if any, by which the Conversion Rate shall be increased shall be determined by reference to the table below, based on the date on which the Make-Whole Fundamental Change occurs or becomes effective (the “ Effective Date ”) and the price (the “ Stock Price ”) paid (or deemed to be paid) per share of the Common Stock in the Make-Whole Fundamental Change. If the holders of the Common Stock receive in exchange for their Common Stock only cash in a Make-Whole Fundamental Change described in clause (b) of the definition of Fundamental Change, the Stock Price shall be the cash amount paid per share. Otherwise, the Stock Price shall be the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices of the Common Stock over the five Trading Day period ending on, and including, the Trading Day immediately preceding the Effective Date of the Make-Whole Fundamental Change. The Company shall make adjustments to the Stock Price, in its good faith judgment, to account for any adjustment to the Conversion Rate that becomes effective, or any event requiring an adjustment to the Conversion Rate where the Ex-Dividend Date, Effective Date (as such term is used in Section 14.04) or expiration date of the event occurs during such five consecutive Trading Day period.
(d) The Stock Prices set forth in the column headings of the table below shall be adjusted as of any date on which the Conversion Rate of the Notes is otherwise adjusted. The adjusted Stock Prices shall equal the Stock Prices applicable immediately prior to such adjustment, multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the Conversion Rate immediately prior to such adjustment giving rise to the Stock Price adjustment and the denominator of which is the Conversion Rate as so adjusted. The number of Additional Shares set forth in the table below shall be adjusted in the same manner and at the same time as the Conversion Rate as set forth in Section 14.04.
 
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(e) The following table sets forth the number of Additional Shares of Common Stock by which the Conversion Rate shall be increased per $1,000 principal amount of Notes pursuant to this Section 14.03 for each Stock Price and Effective Date set forth below:

 	  	Stock Price	 	
Effective Date	  	$47.81	 	  	$52.50	 	  	$57.50	 	  	$63.35	 	  	$70.00	 	  	$80.00	 	  	$100.00	 	  	$150.00	 	  	$200.00	 	  	$275.00	 	
June 30, 2015	  	 	5.1303	 	  	 	4.5234	 	  	 	3.7755	 	  	 	3.0994	 	  	 	2.5159	 	  	 	1.8871	 	  	 	1.1392	 	  	 	0.4017	 	  	 	0.1473	 	  	 	0.0000	 	
June 15, 2016	  	 	5.1303	 	  	 	4.3293	 	  	 	3.5767	 	  	 	2.9028	 	  	 	2.3274	 	  	 	1.7168	 	  	 	1.0082	 	  	 	0.3409	 	  	 	0.1220	 	  	 	0.0000	 	
June 15, 2017	  	 	5.1303	 	  	 	4.1722	 	  	 	3.4024	 	  	 	2.7211	 	  	 	2.1471	 	  	 	1.5493	 	  	 	0.8782	 	  	 	0.2825	 	  	 	0.0985	 	  	 	0.0000	 	
June 15, 2018	  	 	5.1303	 	  	 	4.0430	 	  	 	3.2407	 	  	 	2.5402	 	  	 	1.9606	 	  	 	1.3720	 	  	 	0.7408	 	  	 	0.2247	 	  	 	0.0766	 	  	 	0.0000	 	
June 15, 2019	  	 	5.1303	 	  	 	3.9154	 	  	 	3.0610	 	  	 	2.3288	 	  	 	1.7381	 	  	 	1.1608	 	  	 	0.5834	 	  	 	0.1657	 	  	 	0.0559	 	  	 	0.0000	 	
June 15, 2020	  	 	5.1303	 	  	 	3.7659	 	  	 	2.8264	 	  	 	2.0429	 	  	 	1.4373	 	  	 	0.8839	 	  	 	0.3961	 	  	 	0.1071	 	  	 	0.0370	 	  	 	0.0000	 	
June 15, 2021	  	 	5.1303	 	  	 	3.5745	 	  	 	2.4654	 	  	 	1.5830	 	  	 	0.9661	 	  	 	0.4933	 	  	 	0.1833	 	  	 	0.0519	 	  	 	0.0189	 	  	 	0.0000	 	
June 15, 2022	  	 	5.1303	 	  	 	3.5543	 	  	 	1.8979	 	  	 	0.0000	 	  	 	0.0000	 	  	 	0.0000	 	  	 	0.0000	 	  	 	0.0000	 	  	 	0.0000	 	  	 	0.0000	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The exact Stock Prices and Effective Dates may not be set forth in the table above, in which case:
(i) if the Stock Price is between two Stock Prices in the table above or the Effective Date is between two Effective Dates in the table, the number of Additional Shares shall be determined by a straight-line interpolation between the number of Additional Shares set forth for the higher and lower Stock Prices and the earlier and later Effective Dates, as applicable, based on a 365-day year;
(ii) if the Stock Price is greater than $275.00 per share (subject to adjustment in the same manner as the Stock Prices set forth in the column headings of the table above pursuant to subsection (d) above), no Additional Shares shall be added to the Conversion Rate; and
(iii) if the Stock Price is less than $47.81 per share (subject to adjustment in the same manner as the Stock Prices set forth in the column headings of the table above pursuant to subsection (d) above), no Additional Shares shall be added to the Conversion Rate.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall the Conversion Rate per $1,000 principal amount of Notes exceed 20.9161 shares of Common Stock, subject to adjustment in the same manner as the Conversion Rate pursuant to Section 14.04.
(f) Nothing in this Section 14.03 shall prevent an adjustment to the Conversion Rate pursuant to Section 14.04 in respect of a Make-Whole Fundamental Change.
 
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Section 14.04. Adjustment of Conversion Rate. The Conversion Rate shall be adjusted from time to time by the Company if any of the following events occurs, except that the Company shall not make any adjustments to the Conversion Rate if Holders of the Notes participate (other than in the case of (x) a share split or share combination or (y) a tender or exchange offer), at the same time and upon the same terms as holders of the Common Stock and solely as a result of holding the Notes, in any of the transactions described in this Section 14.04, without having to convert their Notes, as if they held a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the applicable Conversion Rate, multiplied by the principal amount (expressed in thousands) of Notes held by such Holder.
(a) If the Company exclusively issues shares of Common Stock as a dividend or distribution on shares of the Common Stock, or if the Company effects a share split or share combination, the Conversion Rate shall be adjusted based on the following formula:

where,

CR 0	  	=	  	the Conversion Rate in effect immediately prior to the open of business on the Ex-Dividend Date of such dividend or distribution, or immediately prior to the open of business on the Effective Date of such share split or share combination, as applicable;	
			
CR’	  	=	  	the Conversion Rate in effect immediately after the open of business on such Ex-Dividend Date or Effective Date;	
			
OS 0	  	=	  	the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the open of business on such Ex-Dividend Date or Effective Date; and	
			
OS’	  	=	  	the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such dividend, distribution, share split or share combination.	
Any adjustment made under this Section 14.04(a) shall become effective immediately after the open of business on the Ex-Dividend Date for such dividend or distribution, or immediately after the open of business on the Effective Date for such share split or share combination, as applicable. If any dividend or distribution of the type described in this Section 14.04(a) is declared but not so paid or made, the Conversion Rate shall be immediately readjusted, effective as of the date the Board of Directors determines not to pay such dividend or distribution, to the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect if such dividend or distribution had not been declared.
 
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(b) If the Company issues to all or substantially all holders of the Common Stock any rights, options or warrants (other than pursuant to a stockholders rights plan, so long as such rights have not separated from the shares of Common Stock) entitling them, for a period of not more than 45 calendar days after the announcement date of such issuance, to subscribe for or purchase shares of the Common Stock at a price per share that is less than the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices of the Common Stock for the 10 consecutive Trading Day period ending on, and including, the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of announcement of such issuance, the Conversion Rate shall be increased based on the following formula:

where,

CR 0	  	=	  	the Conversion Rate in effect immediately prior to the open of business on the Ex-Dividend Date for such issuance;	
			
CR’	  	=	  	the Conversion Rate in effect immediately after the open of business on such Ex-Dividend Date;	
			
OS 0	  	=	  	the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the open of business on such Ex-Dividend Date;	
			
X	  	=	  	the total number of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to such rights, options or warrants; and	
			
Y	  	=	  	the number of shares of Common Stock equal to the aggregate price payable to exercise such rights, options or warrants, divided by the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices of the Common Stock over the 10 consecutive Trading Day period ending on, and including, the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of announcement of the issuance of such rights, options or warrants.	
Any increase made under this Section 14.04(b) shall be made successively whenever any such rights, options or warrants are issued and shall become effective immediately after the open of business on the Ex-Dividend Date for such issuance. To the extent that shares of the Common Stock are not delivered after the expiration of such rights, options or warrants, the Conversion Rate shall be decreased to the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect had the increase with respect to the issuance of such rights, options or warrants been made on the basis of delivery of only the number of shares of Common Stock actually delivered. If no such rights, options or warrants are issued, or if no such rights, options or warrants are exercised prior to their expiration, the Conversion Rate shall be decreased to the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect if such Ex-Dividend Date for such issuance had not occurred.
For purposes of this Section 14.04(b) and for the purpose of Section 14.01(b)(ii)(A), in determining whether any rights, options or warrants entitle the holders to subscribe for or purchase shares of the Common Stock at less than such average of the Last Reported Sale Prices of the Common Stock for the 10 consecutive Trading Day period ending on, and including, the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of announcement for such issuance, and in determining the aggregate offering price of such shares of Common Stock, there shall be taken into account any consideration received by the Company for such rights, options or warrants and any amount payable on exercise or conversion thereof, the value of such consideration, if other than cash, to be determined by the Company in good faith.
 
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(c) If the Company distributes shares of its Capital Stock, evidences of its indebtedness, other assets or property of the Company or rights, options or warrants to acquire its Capital Stock or other securities, to all or substantially all holders of the Common Stock, excluding (i) dividends, distributions or issuances as to which an adjustment was effected (or will be so effected, in accordance with the 1% Exception (as defined below)) pursuant to Section 14.04(a) or Section 14.04(b), (ii) rights issued under a stockholders rights plan, so long as such rights have not separated from the shares of Common Stock, (iii) dividends or distributions paid exclusively in cash as to which the provisions set forth in Section 14.04(d) apply (or shall apply, in accordance with the 1% Exception), (iv) distributions of Reference Property issued in exchange for the Common Stock as described in Section 14.07(a), and (v) Spin-Offs as to which the provisions set forth below in this Section 14.04(c) apply (or shall apply, in accordance with the 1% Exception) (any of such shares of Capital Stock, evidences of indebtedness, other assets or property or rights, options or warrants to acquire Capital Stock or other securities, the “ Distributed Property ”), then the Conversion Rate shall be increased based on the following formula:

where,

CR 0	  	=	  	the Conversion Rate in effect immediately prior to the open of business on the Ex-Dividend Date for such distribution;	
			
CR’	  	=	  	the Conversion Rate in effect immediately after the open of business on such Ex-Dividend Date;	
			
SP 0	  	=	  	the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices of the Common Stock over the 10 consecutive Trading Day period ending on, and including, the Trading Day immediately preceding the Ex-Dividend Date for such distribution; and	
			
FMV	  	=	  	the fair market value (as determined by the Company in good faith) of the Distributed Property with respect to each outstanding share of the Common Stock on the Ex-Dividend Date for such distribution.	
Any increase made under the portion of this Section 14.04(c) above shall become effective immediately after the open of business on the Ex-Dividend Date for such distribution. If such distribution is not so paid or made, the Conversion Rate shall be decreased to the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect if such distribution had not been declared. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if “FMV” (as defined above) is equal to or greater than “SP0” (as defined above), in lieu of the foregoing increase, each Holder of a Note shall receive, in respect of each $1,000 principal amount thereof, at the same time and upon the same terms as holders of the Common Stock receive the Distributed Property, the amount and kind of Distributed Property such Holder would have received if such Holder owned a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the Conversion Rate in effect on the Ex-Dividend Date for the distribution. If the Board of Directors determines the “FMV” (as defined above) of any distribution for purposes of this Section 14.04(c) by reference to the actual or when-issued trading market for any securities, it shall in doing so consider the prices in such market over the same period used in computing the Last Reported Sale Prices of the Common Stock over the 10 consecutive Trading Day period ending on, and including, the Trading Day immediately preceding the Ex-Dividend Date for such distribution.
 
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With respect to an adjustment pursuant to this Section 14.04(c) where there has been a payment of a dividend or other distribution on the Common Stock of shares of Capital Stock of any class or series, or similar equity interest, of or relating to a Subsidiary or other business unit of the Company, that are, or, when issued, will be, listed or admitted for trading on a U.S. national securities exchange (a “ Spin-Off ”), the Conversion Rate shall be increased based on the following formula:

where,

CR 0	  	=	  	the Conversion Rate in effect immediately prior to the end of the Valuation Period;	
			
CR’	  	=	  	the Conversion Rate in effect immediately after the end of the Valuation Period;	
			
FMV 0	  	=	  	the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices of the Capital Stock or similar equity interest distributed to holders of the Common Stock applicable to one share of the Common Stock (determined by reference to the definition of Last Reported Sale Price as set forth in Section 1.01 as if references therein to Common Stock were to such Capital Stock or similar equity interest) over the first 10 consecutive Trading Day period after, and including, the Ex-Dividend Date of the Spin-Off (the “ Valuation Period ”); and	
			
MP 0	  	=	  	the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices of the Common Stock over the Valuation Period.	
The increase to the Conversion Rate under the preceding paragraph shall occur on the last Trading Day of the Valuation Period; provided that (x) in respect of any conversion of Notes for which Physical Settlement is applicable, if the relevant Conversion Date occurs during the Valuation Period, the reference to “10” in the portion of this Section 14.04(c) related to Spin-Offs shall be deemed replaced with such lesser number of Trading Days as have elapsed between the Ex-Dividend Date for such Spin-Off and such Conversion Date in determining the Conversion Rate and (y) in respect of any conversion of Notes for which Cash Settlement or Combination Settlement is applicable, for any Trading Day that falls within the relevant Observation Period for such conversion and within the Valuation Period, the reference to “10” in the preceding paragraph shall be deemed replaced with such lesser number of Trading Days as have elapsed between the Ex-Dividend Date for such Spin-Off and such Trading Day in determining the Conversion Rate as of such Trading Day. In addition, if the Ex-Dividend Date for such Spin-Off is after the 10th Trading Day immediately preceding, and including, the end of any Observation Period in respect of a conversion of Notes, references to “10” or “10 th” in the preceding paragraph and this paragraph will be deemed replaced, solely in respect of that conversion of Notes, with such lesser number of Trading Days as have elapsed from, and including, the Ex-Dividend Date for such Spin-Off to, and including, the last Trading Day of such Observation Period.
 
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For purposes of this Section 14.04(c) (and subject in all respect to Section 14.11), rights, options or warrants distributed by the Company to all holders of the Common Stock entitling them to subscribe for or purchase shares of the Company’s Capital Stock, including Common Stock (either initially or under certain circumstances), which rights, options or warrants, until the occurrence of a specified event or events (“ Trigger Event ”): (i) are deemed to be transferred with such shares of the Common Stock; (ii) are not exercisable; and (iii) are also issued in respect of future issuances of the Common Stock, shall be deemed not to have been distributed for purposes of this Section 14.04(c) (and no adjustment to the Conversion Rate under this Section 14.04(c) will be required) until the occurrence of the earliest Trigger Event, whereupon such rights, options or warrants shall be deemed to have been distributed and an appropriate adjustment (if any is required) to the Conversion Rate shall be made under this Section 14.04(c). If any such right, option or warrant, including any such existing rights, options or warrants distributed prior to the date of this Indenture, are subject to events, upon the occurrence of which such rights, options or warrants become exercisable to purchase different securities, evidences of indebtedness or other assets, then the date of the occurrence of any and each such event shall be deemed to be the date of distribution and Ex-Dividend Date with respect to new rights, options or warrants with such rights (in which case the existing rights, options or warrants shall be deemed to terminate and expire on such date without exercise by any of the holders thereof). In addition, in the event of any distribution (or deemed distribution) of rights, options or warrants, or any Trigger Event or other event (of the type described in the immediately preceding sentence) with respect thereto that was counted for purposes of calculating a distribution amount for which an adjustment to the Conversion Rate under this Section 14.04(c) was made, (1) in the case of any such rights, options or warrants that shall all have been redeemed or purchased without exercise by any holders thereof, upon such final redemption or purchase (x) the Conversion Rate shall be readjusted as if such rights, options or warrants had not been issued and (y) the Conversion Rate shall then again be readjusted to give effect to such distribution, deemed distribution or Trigger Event, as the case may be, as though it were a cash distribution, equal to the per share redemption or purchase price received by a holder or holders of Common Stock with respect to such rights, options or warrants (assuming such holder had retained such rights, options or warrants), made to all holders of Common Stock as of the date of such redemption or purchase, and (2) in the case of such rights, options or warrants that shall have expired or been terminated without exercise by any holders thereof, the Conversion Rate shall be readjusted as if such rights, options and warrants had not been issued.
 
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For purposes of Section 14.04(a), Section 14.04(b) and this Section 14.04(c), if any dividend or distribution to which this Section 14.04(c) is applicable also includes one or both of:
(A) a dividend or distribution of shares of Common Stock to which Section 14.04(a) is applicable (the “ Clause A Distribution ”); or
(B) a dividend or distribution of rights, options or warrants to which Section 14.04(b) is applicable (the “ Clause B Distribution ”),
then, in either case, (1) such dividend or distribution, other than the Clause A Distribution and the Clause B Distribution, shall be deemed to be a dividend or distribution to which this Section 14.04(c) is applicable (the “ Clause C Distribution ”) and any Conversion Rate adjustment required by this Section 14.04(c) with respect to such Clause C Distribution shall then be made, and (2) the Clause A Distribution and Clause B Distribution shall be deemed to immediately follow the Clause C Distribution and any Conversion Rate adjustment required by Section 14.04(a) and Section 14.04(b) with respect thereto shall then be made, except that, if determined by the Company (I) the “Ex-Dividend Date” of the Clause A Distribution and the Clause B Distribution shall be deemed to be the Ex-Dividend Date of the Clause C Distribution and (II) any shares of Common Stock included in the Clause A Distribution or Clause B Distribution shall be deemed not to be “outstanding immediately prior to the open of business on such Ex-Dividend Date or Effective Date” within the meaning of Section 14.04(a) or “outstanding immediately prior to the open of business on such Ex-Dividend Date” within the meaning of Section 14.04(b).
(d) If any cash dividend or distribution is made to all or substantially all holders of the Common Stock, the Conversion Rate shall be adjusted based on the following formula:

where,

CR 0	  	=	  	the Conversion Rate in effect immediately prior to the open of business on the Ex-Dividend Date for such dividend or distribution;	
			
CR’	  	=	  	the Conversion Rate in effect immediately after the open of business on the Ex-Dividend Date for such dividend or distribution;	
			
SP 0	  	=	  	the Last Reported Sale Price of the Common Stock on the Trading Day immediately preceding the Ex-Dividend Date for such dividend or distribution; and	
			
C	  	=	  	the amount in cash per share the Company distributes to all or substantially all holders of the Common Stock.	
 
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Any increase pursuant to this Section 14.04(d) shall become effective immediately after the open of business on the Ex-Dividend Date for such dividend or distribution. If such dividend or distribution is not so paid, the Conversion Rate shall be decreased, effective as of the date the Board of Directors determines not to make or pay such dividend or distribution, to be the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect if such dividend or distribution had not been declared. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if “C” (as defined above) is equal to or greater than “SP0” (as defined above), in lieu of the foregoing increase, each Holder of a Note shall receive, for each $1,000 principal amount of Notes, at the same time and upon the same terms as holders of the Common Stock, the amount of cash that such Holder would have received if such Holder owned a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the Conversion Rate on the Ex-Dividend Date for such cash dividend or distribution.
(e) If the Company or any of its Subsidiaries make a payment in respect of a tender or exchange offer for the Common Stock (other than an odd-lot tender offer), to the extent that the cash and value of any other consideration included in the payment per share of the Common Stock exceeds the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices of the Common Stock over the 10 consecutive Trading Day period commencing on, and including, the Trading Day next succeeding the last date on which tenders or exchanges may be made pursuant to such tender or exchange offer, the Conversion Rate shall be increased based on the following formula:

where,

CR 0	  	=	  	the Conversion Rate in effect immediately prior to the close of business on the 10th Trading Day immediately following, and including, the Trading Day next succeeding the date such tender or exchange offer expires;	
			
CR’	  	=	  	the Conversion Rate in effect immediately after the close of business on the 10th Trading Day immediately following, and including, the Trading Day next succeeding the date such tender or exchange offer expires;	
			
AC	  	=	  	the aggregate value of all cash and any other consideration (as determined by the Company in good faith) paid or payable for shares of Common Stock purchased in such tender or exchange offer;	
			
OS 0	  	=	  	the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the date such tender or exchange offer expires (prior to giving effect to the purchase of all shares of Common Stock accepted for purchase or exchange in such tender or exchange offer);	
			
OS’	  	=	  	the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after the date such tender or exchange offer expires (after giving effect to the purchase of all shares of Common Stock accepted for purchase or exchange in such tender or exchange offer); and	
			
SP’	  	=	  	the average of the Last Reported Sale Prices of the Common Stock over the 10 consecutive Trading Day period commencing on, and including, the Trading Day next succeeding the date such tender or exchange offer expires.	
 
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The increase to the Conversion Rate under this Section 14.04(e) shall occur at the close of business on the 10th Trading Day immediately following, and including, the Trading Day next succeeding the date such tender or exchange offer expires; provided that in respect of any conversion of Notes within the 10 Trading Days immediately following, and including, the expiration date of any tender or exchange offer, references in this Section 14.04(e) with respect to 10 Trading Days shall be deemed replaced with such lesser number of Trading Days as have elapsed between the date that such tender or exchange offer expires and the Conversion Date in determining the Conversion Rate. In addition, if the Trading Day next succeeding the date such tender or exchange offer expires is after the 10th Trading Day immediately preceding, and including, the end of any Observation Period in respect of a conversion of Notes, references in the preceding paragraph to 10 Trading Days shall be deemed to be replaced, solely in respect of that conversion of Notes, with such lesser number of Trading Days as have elapsed from, and including, the Trading Day next succeeding the date such tender or exchange offer expires to, and including, the last Trading Day of such Observation Period.
(f) Notwithstanding this Section 14.04 or any other provision of this Indenture or the Notes, if a Conversion Rate adjustment becomes effective on any Ex-Dividend Date, and a Holder that has converted its Notes on or after such Ex-Dividend Date and on or prior to the related Record Date would be treated as the record holder of the shares of Common Stock as of the related Conversion Date as described under Section 14.02(i) based on an adjusted Conversion Rate for such Ex-Dividend Date, then, notwithstanding the Conversion Rate adjustment provisions in this Section 14.04, the Conversion Rate adjustment relating to such Ex-Dividend Date shall not be made for such converting Holder. Instead, such Holder shall be treated as if such Holder were the record owner of the shares of Common Stock on an unadjusted basis and participate in the related dividend, distribution or other event giving rise to such adjustment.
(g) Notwithstanding this Section 14.04 or any other provision of this Indenture or the Notes, if a Holder converts a Note, Combination Settlement is applicable to such Note and the Daily Settlement Amount for any Trading Day during the Observation Period applicable to such Note: (x) is calculated based on a Conversion Rate adjusted on account of any event described in Section 14.04(a) through (e); and (y) includes any shares of Common Stock that entitle such converting Holder to participate in such event, a Conversion Rate adjustment will not be made for such converting Holder for such Trading Day. Instead, such Holder will, as set forth in Section 14.04, be treated as if such Holder were the record owner of such number of shares of Common Stock on an unadjusted basis and participate in the related dividend, distribution or other event giving rise to such adjustment.
 
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(h) Except as stated herein, the Company shall not adjust the Conversion Rate for the issuance of shares of the Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of the Common Stock or the right to purchase shares of the Common Stock or such convertible or exchangeable securities.
(i) In addition to those adjustments required by clauses (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) of this Section 14.04, and to the extent permitted by applicable law and subject to the applicable listing standards of The NASDAQ Global Select Market, the Company from time to time may (but is not required to) increase the Conversion Rate by any amount for a period of at least 20 Business Days (x) if the Company determines that such increase would be in the Company’s best interest or (y) to avoid or diminish any income tax to holders of Common Stock or rights to purchase Common Stock in connection with a dividend or distribution of shares of Common Stock (or rights to acquire shares of Common Stock) or similar event. Whenever the Conversion Rate is increased pursuant to either of the preceding two sentences, the Company shall send to the Holder of each Note at its last address appearing on the Note Register a notice of the increase at least 15 days prior to the date the increased Conversion Rate takes effect, and such notice shall state the increased Conversion Rate and the period during which it will be in effect.
(j) Except as described in Section 14.03 and this Section 14.04, the Conversion Rate shall not be required to be adjusted for any transaction or event. Without limiting the foregoing, the Conversion Rate shall not be required to be adjusted:
(i) upon the issuance of shares of Common Stock at a price per share below the Conversion Price or otherwise;
(ii) upon the issuance of any shares of Common Stock pursuant to any present or future plan providing for the reinvestment of dividends or interest payable on the Company’s securities and the investment of additional optional amounts in shares of Common Stock under any plan;
(iii) upon the issuance of any shares of Common Stock or options or rights to purchase those shares pursuant to any present or future employee, director or consultant benefit plan or program of or assumed by the Company or any of the Company’s Subsidiaries;
(iv) upon the issuance of any shares of the Common Stock pursuant to any option, warrant, right or exercisable, exchangeable or convertible security not described in clause (iii) of this subsection and outstanding as of the date the Notes were first issued;
(v) for a third-party tender offer by any party other than the Company’s Subsidiaries as described in Section 14.04(e);
(vi) solely for a change in the par value of the Common Stock;
(vii) for accrued and unpaid interest, if any; or
(viii) for an event otherwise requiring an adjustment as described in this Indenture if such event is not consummated.
 
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(k) All calculations and other determinations under this Article 14 shall be made by the Company and shall be made to the nearest one-ten thousandth (1/10,000th) of a share. The Company shall not be required to make an adjustment in the Conversion Rate unless the adjustment would require a change of at least 1% in the Conversion Rate. However, the Company shall carry forward any adjustments that are less than 1% of the Conversion Rate and make such carried forward adjustments with respect to a Note, regardless of whether the aggregate adjustment is less than 1%, (i) in connection with any subsequent adjustment to the Conversion Rate of at least 1% of the Conversion Rate, (ii) upon the occurrence of any Fundamental Change or Make-Whole Fundamental Change, (iii) on June 15, 2022 and (iv) on any Conversion Date (in the case of Physical Settlement) or on each Trading Day of any Observation Period (in the case of Cash Settlement or Combination Settlement), in each case, regardless of whether such adjustments could otherwise be carried forward pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence (the exception referred to in this paragraph, the “ 1% Exception ”).
(l) Whenever the Conversion Rate is adjusted as herein provided, the Company shall promptly file with the Trustee (and the Conversion Agent if not the Trustee) an Officer’s Certificate setting forth the Conversion Rate after such adjustment and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment. Unless and until a Responsible Officer of the Trustee shall have received such Officer’s Certificate, the Trustee shall not be deemed to have knowledge of any adjustment of the Conversion Rate and may assume without inquiry that the last Conversion Rate of which it has knowledge is still in effect. Promptly after delivery of such certificate, the Company shall prepare a notice of such adjustment of the Conversion Rate setting forth the adjusted Conversion Rate and the date on which each adjustment becomes effective and shall send such notice of such adjustment of the Conversion Rate to each Holder at its last address appearing on the Note Register of this Indenture. Failure to deliver such notice shall not affect the legality or validity of any such adjustment.
(m) For purposes of this Section 14.04, the number of shares of Common Stock at any time outstanding shall not include shares of Common Stock held in the treasury of the Company so long as the Company does not pay any dividend or make any distribution on shares of Common Stock held in the treasury of the Company, but shall include shares of Common Stock issuable in respect of scrip certificates issued in lieu of fractions of shares of Common Stock.
Section 14.05. Adjustments of Prices. Whenever any provision of this Indenture requires the Company to calculate the Last Reported Sale Prices, the Daily VWAPs, the Daily Conversion Values or the Daily Settlement Amounts over a span of multiple days (including an Observation Period and the period for determining the Stock Price for purposes of a Make-Whole Fundamental Change), the Company shall make adjustments in its good faith judgment to each to account for any adjustment to the Conversion Rate that becomes effective, or any event requiring an adjustment to the Conversion Rate where the Ex-Dividend Date, Effective Date or expiration date, as the case may be, of the event occurs, at any time during the period when the Last Reported Sale Prices, the Daily VWAPs, the Daily Conversion Values or the Daily Settlement Amounts are to be calculated. For the avoidance of doubt, any such adjustments will be made, solely to the extent the Company determines in its good faith judgment that any such adjustment is necessary, without duplication of any other adjustment made pursuant to this Article 14.
 
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Section 14.06. Shares to Be Fully Paid. On and following the Shareholder Approval Date, the Company shall provide, free from preemptive rights, out of its authorized but unissued shares or shares held in treasury, sufficient shares of Common Stock to provide for conversion of the Notes from time to time as such Notes are presented for conversion (assuming delivery of the maximum number of Additional Shares pursuant to Section 14.03 and that at the time of computation of such number of shares, all such Notes would be converted by a single Holder and that Physical Settlement were applicable).
Section 14.07. Effect of Recapitalizations, Reclassifications and Changes of the Common Stock.
(a) In the case of:
(i) any recapitalization, reclassification or change of the Common Stock (other than solely changes in par value or from no par value or changes resulting from a subdivision or combination),
(ii) any consolidation, merger or combination involving the Company,
(iii) any sale, lease or other transfer to a third party of the consolidated assets of the Company and the Company’s Subsidiaries substantially as an entirety or
(iv) any statutory share exchange,
in each case, as a result of which the Common Stock would be converted into, or exchanged for, stock, other securities, other property or assets (including cash or any combination thereof) (any such event, a “ Merger Event ”), then, at and after the effective time of such Merger Event, the right to convert each $1,000 principal amount of Notes shall be changed into a right to convert such principal amount of Notes into the kind and amount of shares of stock, other securities or other property or assets (including cash or any combination thereof) that a holder of a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the Conversion Rate immediately prior to such Merger Event would have owned or been entitled to receive (the “ Reference Property ,” with each “ unit of Reference Property ” meaning the kind and amount of Reference Property that a holder of one share of Common Stock is entitled to receive) upon such Merger Event and, prior to or at the effective time of such Merger Event, the Company or the successor or purchasing Person, as the case may be, shall execute with the Trustee a supplemental indenture permitted under Section 10.01(g) providing for such change in the right to convert each $1,000 principal amount of Notes; provided , however , that at and after the effective time of the Merger Event the Conversion Obligation shall be calculated and settlement in accordance with Section 14.02 such that (i) the Company shall continue to have the right to determine the form of consideration to be paid or delivered, as the case may be, upon conversion of Notes as set forth, and subject to, Section 14.02 and (ii)(A) the amount otherwise payable in cash upon conversion of the Notes as set forth under Section 14.02 shall continue to be payable in cash, (B) any shares of Common Stock that the Company would have been required to deliver upon conversion of the Notes in accordance with Section 14.02 shall instead be deliverable in the amount and type of Reference Property that a holder of that number of shares of Common Stock would have been entitled to receive in such Merger Event and (C) the Daily VWAP shall be calculated based on the value of a unit of Reference Property.
 
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If the Merger Event causes the Common Stock to be converted into, or exchanged for, the right to receive more than a single type of consideration (determined based in part upon any form of stockholder election), then (i) the Reference Property into which the Notes will be convertible shall be deemed to be (x) the weighted average of the types and amounts of consideration received by the holders of Common Stock that affirmatively make such an election or (y) if no holders of Common Stock affirmatively make such an election, the types and amounts of consideration actually received by the holders of Common Stock, and (ii) the unit of Reference Property for purposes of the immediately preceding paragraph shall refer to the consideration referred to in clause (i) attributable to one share of Common Stock. If the holders of the Common Stock receive only cash in such Merger Event, then for all conversions for which the relevant Conversion Date occurs after the effective date of such Merger Event (A) the consideration due upon conversion of each $1,000 principal amount of Notes shall be solely cash in an amount equal to the Conversion Rate in effect on the Conversion Date (as may be increased by any Additional Shares pursuant to Section 14.03), multiplied by the price paid per share of Common Stock in such Merger Event and (B) the Company shall satisfy the Conversion Obligation by paying cash to converting Holders on the third Business Day immediately following the relevant Conversion Date. The Company shall notify in writing Holders, the Trustee and the Conversion Agent (if other than the Trustee) of such weighted average as soon as practicable after such determination is made.
Such supplemental indenture described in the second immediately preceding paragraph shall provide for anti-dilution and other adjustments that shall be as nearly equivalent as is possible to the adjustments provided for in this Article 14. If, in the case of any Merger Event, the Reference Property includes shares of stock, securities or other property or assets (including cash or any combination thereof) of a Person other than the successor or purchasing corporation, as the case may be, in such Merger Event, then such supplemental indenture shall also be executed by such other Person and shall contain such additional provisions to protect the interests of the Holders of the Notes as the Board of Directors shall reasonably consider necessary by reason of the foregoing, including the provisions providing for the purchase rights set forth in Article 15.
(b) When the Company executes a supplemental indenture pursuant to subsection (a) of this Section 14.07, the Company shall promptly file with the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate briefly stating the reasons therefor, the kind or amount of cash, securities or property or asset that will comprise a unit of Reference Property after any such Merger Event, any adjustment to be made with respect thereto and that all conditions precedent have been complied with, and shall promptly send notice thereof to all Holders. The Company shall cause notice of the execution of such supplemental indenture to be sent to each Holder, at its address appearing on the Note Register provided for in this Indenture, within 20 days after execution thereof. Failure to deliver such notice shall not affect the legality or validity of such supplemental indenture.
 
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(c) The Company shall not become a party to any Merger Event unless its terms are consistent with this Section 14.07. None of the foregoing provisions shall affect the right of a holder of Notes to convert its Notes into cash, shares of Common Stock or a combination of cash and shares of Common Stock, as applicable, as set forth in Section 14.01 and Section 14.02 prior to the effective date of such Merger Event.
(d) The above provisions of this Section shall similarly apply to successive Merger Events.
Section 14.08. Certain Covenants. (a) The Company covenants that all shares of Common Stock issued upon conversion of Notes will be fully paid and non-assessable by the Company and free from all taxes, liens and charges with respect to the issue thereof.
(a) The Company further covenants that if at any time the Common Stock shall be listed on any national securities exchange or automated quotation system the Company will use reasonable best efforts to list and keep listed, so long as the Common Stock shall be so listed on such exchange or automated quotation system, any Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Notes.
Section 14.09. Responsibility of Trustee. The Trustee and any Conversion Agent (other than the Company) shall not at any time be under any duty or responsibility to any Holder to determine the Conversion Rate (or any adjustment thereto) or whether any facts exist that may require any adjustment (including any increase) of the Conversion Rate, or with respect to the nature or extent or calculation of any such adjustment when made, or with respect to the method employed, or herein or in any supplemental indenture provided to be employed, in making the same. The Trustee and any Conversion Agent (other than the Company) shall not be accountable with respect to the validity or value (or the kind or amount) of any shares of Common Stock, or of any securities, property or cash that may at any time be issued or delivered upon the conversion of any Note; and the Trustee and Conversion Agent (other than the Company) make no representations with respect thereto. Neither the Trustee nor any Conversion Agent (other than the Company) shall be responsible for any failure of the Company to issue, transfer or deliver any shares of Common Stock or stock certificates or other securities or property or cash upon the surrender of any Note for the purpose of conversion or to comply with any of the duties, responsibilities or covenants of the Company contained in this Article. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, neither the Trustee nor Conversion Agent (other than the Company) shall be under any responsibility to determine the correctness of any provisions contained in any supplemental indenture entered into pursuant to Section 14.07 relating either to the kind or amount of shares of stock or securities or property (including cash) receivable by Holders upon the conversion of their Notes after any event referred to in such Section 14.07 or to any adjustment to be made with respect thereto, but, subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, may accept (without any independent investigation) as conclusive evidence of the correctness of any such provisions, and shall be protected in relying upon, the Officer’s Certificate (which the Company shall be obligated to file with the Trustee prior to the execution of any such supplemental indenture) with respect thereto. Neither the Trustee nor the Conversion Agent shall be responsible for determining whether any event contemplated by Section 14.01(b) has occurred that makes the Notes eligible for conversion or no longer eligible therefor until the Company has delivered to the Trustee and the Conversion Agent the notices referred to in Section 14.01(b) with respect to the commencement or termination of such conversion rights, on which notices the Trustee and the Conversion Agent may conclusively rely, and the Company agrees to deliver such notices to the Trustee and the Conversion Agent immediately after the occurrence of any such event or at such other times as shall be provided for in Section 14.01(b).
 
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Section 14.10. Notice to Holders Prior to Certain Actions. In case of any:
(a) action by the Company or one of its Subsidiaries that would require an adjustment in the Conversion Rate pursuant to Section 14.04 or Section 14.11;
(b) Merger Event; or
(c) voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding-up of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries;
then, in each case (unless notice of such event is otherwise required pursuant to another provision of this Indenture), the Company shall cause to be filed with the Trustee and the Conversion Agent (if other than the Trustee) and to be sent to each Holder at its address appearing on the Note Register, as promptly as possible but in any event at least 20 days prior to the applicable date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (i) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such action by the Company or one of its Subsidiaries or, if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of Common Stock of record are to be determined for the purposes of such action by the Company or one of its Subsidiaries, or (ii) the date on which such Merger Event, dissolution, liquidation or winding-up is expected to become effective or occur, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their Common Stock for securities or other property deliverable upon such Merger Event, dissolution, liquidation or winding-up. Failure to give such notice, or any defect therein, shall not affect the legality or validity of such action by the Company or one of its Subsidiaries, Merger Event, dissolution, liquidation or winding-up.
Section 14.11. Stockholder Rights Plans. If the Company has a stockholder rights plan in effect upon conversion of the Notes, each share of Common Stock, if any, issued upon such conversion shall be entitled to receive the appropriate number of rights, if any, and the certificates representing the Common Stock issued upon such conversion shall bear such legends, if any, in each case as may be provided by the terms of any such stockholder rights plan, as the same may be amended from time to time. However, if, prior to any conversion of Notes, the rights have separated from the shares of Common Stock in accordance with the provisions of the applicable stockholder rights plan, the Conversion Rate shall be adjusted at the time of separation as if the Company distributed to all or substantially all holders of the Common Stock Distributed Property as provided in Section 14.04(c), subject to readjustment in the event of the expiration, termination or redemption of such rights.
 
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Section 14.12. Limit on Issuance of Shares of Common Stock Upon Conversion. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Indenture, if an event occurs that would result in an increase in the Conversion Rate by an amount in excess of limitations imposed by any shareholder approval rules or listing standards of any national or regional securities exchange that are applicable to the Company, the Company will, at its option, either obtain stockholder approval of any issuance of Common Stock upon conversion of the Notes in excess of such limitations or pay cash in lieu of delivering any shares of Common Stock otherwise deliverable upon conversions in excess of such limitations based on the Daily VWAP for each Trading Day of the relevant Observation Period in respect of which, in lieu of delivering shares of Common Stock, the Company pays cash pursuant to this Section 14.12.
ARTICLE 15
R EPURCHASE OF N OTES AT O PTION OF H OLDERS
Section 15.01. [ Intentionally Omitted ]
Section 15.02. Repurchase at Option of Holders Upon a Fundamental Change. (a) If a Fundamental Change occurs at any time, each Holder shall have the right, at such Holder’s option, to require the Company to repurchase for cash all of such Holder’s Notes, or any portion thereof that is equal to $1,000 or an integral multiple of $1,000, on the date (the “ Fundamental Change Repurchase Date ”) specified by the Company that is not less than 20 calendar days or more than 35 calendar days following the date of the Fundamental Change Company Notice at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but excluding, the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date (the “ Fundamental Change Repurchase Price ”), unless the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date falls after a Regular Record Date but on or prior to the Interest Payment Date to which such Regular Record Date relates, in which case the Company shall instead pay the full amount of accrued and unpaid interest to Holders of record as of such Regular Record Date, and the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price shall be equal to 100% of the principal amount of Notes to be repurchased pursuant to this Article 15.
(b) Repurchases of Notes under this Section 15.02 shall be made, at the option of the Holder thereof, upon:
(i) delivery to the Paying Agent by a Holder of a duly completed notice (the “ Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice ”) in the form set forth in Attachment 2 to the Form of Note attached hereto as Exhibit A, if the Notes are Physical Notes, or in compliance with the Depositary’s procedures for surrendering interests in Global Notes, if the Notes are Global Notes, in each case on or before the close of business on the Business Day immediately preceding the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date; and
 
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(ii) delivery of the Notes, if the Notes are Physical Notes, to the Paying Agent at any time after delivery of the Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice (together with all necessary endorsements for transfer) at the office of the Paying Agent, or book-entry transfer of the Notes, if the Notes are Global Notes, in compliance with the procedures of the Depositary, in each case such delivery being a condition to receipt by the Holder of the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price therefor.
The Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice in respect of any Notes to be repurchased shall state:
(i) in the case of Physical Notes, the certificate numbers of the Notes to be delivered for repurchase;
(ii) the portion of the principal amount of Notes to be repurchased, which must be $1,000 or an integral multiple thereof; and
(iii) that the Notes are to be repurchased by the Company pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Notes and this Indenture;
provided , however , that if the Notes are Global Notes, the Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice must comply with appropriate Depositary procedures.
Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, any Holder delivering to the Paying Agent the Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice contemplated by this Section 15.02 shall have the right to withdraw, in whole or in part, such Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice at any time prior to the close of business on the Business Day immediately preceding the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date by delivery of a written notice of withdrawal to the Paying Agent in accordance with Section 15.03.
The Paying Agent shall notify the Company daily of the receipt by it of any Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice or written notice of withdrawal thereof.
(c) On or before the 20th calendar day after the occurrence of the effective date of a Fundamental Change, the Company shall provide to all Holders of Notes and the Trustee and the Paying Agent (in the case of a Paying Agent other than the Trustee) a notice (the “ Fundamental Change Company Notice ”) of the occurrence of the effective date of the Fundamental Change and of the repurchase right at the option of the Holders arising as a result thereof. In the case of Physical Notes, such notice shall be by first class mail or, in the case of Global Notes, such notice shall be delivered in accordance with the applicable procedures of the Depositary. Each Fundamental Change Company Notice shall specify:
(i) the events causing the Fundamental Change;
 
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(ii) the date of the Fundamental Change;
(iii) the last date on which a Holder may exercise the repurchase right pursuant to this Article 15;
(iv) the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price;
(v) the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date;
(vi) the name and address of the Paying Agent and the Conversion Agent, if applicable;
(vii) if applicable, the Conversion Rate and any adjustments to the Conversion Rate;
(viii) that the Notes with respect to which a Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice has been delivered by a Holder may be converted only if the Holder withdraws the Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice in accordance with the terms of this Indenture; and
(ix) the procedures that Holders must follow to require the Company to repurchase their Notes;
provided , however , that, if the Notes are Global Notes, the Holders (and holders of a beneficial interest in such Global Notes) must comply with the applicable procedures of the Depositary.
No failure of the Company to give the foregoing notices and no defect therein shall limit the Holders’ repurchase rights or affect the validity of the proceedings for the repurchase of the Notes pursuant to this Section 15.02.
At the Company’s request made at least two (2) Business Days prior to the date notice must be delivered (unless a shorter period is agreed to by the Trustee), the Trustee shall give such notice in the Company’s name and at the Company’s expense; provided , however , that, in all cases, the text of such Fundamental Change Company Notice shall be prepared by the Company.
(d) Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Notes may be repurchased by the Company on any date at the option of the Holders upon a Fundamental Change if the principal amount of the Notes has been accelerated, and such acceleration has not been rescinded, on or prior to such date (except in the case of an acceleration resulting from a Default by the Company in the payment of the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price with respect to such Notes). The Paying Agent will promptly return to the respective Holders thereof any Physical Notes held by it during the acceleration of the Notes (except in the case of an acceleration resulting from a Default by the Company in the payment of the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price with respect to such Notes), or any instructions for book-entry transfer of the Notes in compliance with the procedures of the Depositary shall be deemed to have been cancelled, and, upon such return or cancellation, as the case may be, the Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice with respect thereto shall be deemed to have been withdrawn.
 
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Section 15.03. Withdrawal of Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice. (a) A Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice may be withdrawn (in whole or in part) by means of a written notice of withdrawal delivered to the office of the Paying Agent in accordance with this Section 15.03 at any time prior to the close of business on the Business Day immediately preceding the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date, specifying:
(i) the principal amount of the Notes with respect to which such notice of withdrawal is being submitted (which must be $1,000 or an integral multiple thereof),
(ii) if Physical Notes have been issued, the certificate number of the Note in respect of which such notice of withdrawal is being submitted, and
(iii) the principal amount (which must be $1,000 or an integral multiple thereof), if any, of such Note that remains subject to the original Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice, which portion must be in principal amounts of $1,000 or an integral multiple of $1,000;
provided , however , that if the Notes are Global Notes, the notice must comply with appropriate procedures of the Depositary.
Section 15.04. Deposit of Fundamental Change Repurchase Price. (a) The Company will deposit with the Trustee (or other Paying Agent appointed by the Company, or if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, set aside, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 4.04) on or prior to 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date an amount of money sufficient to repurchase all of the Notes to be repurchased at the appropriate Fundamental Change Repurchase Price. Subject to receipt of funds and/or Notes by the Trustee (or other Paying Agent appointed by the Company), payment for Notes surrendered for repurchase (and not withdrawn prior to the close of business on the Business Day immediately preceding the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date) will be made on the later of (i) the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date ( provided the Holder has satisfied the conditions in Section 15.02) and (ii) the time of book-entry transfer or the delivery of such Note to the Trustee (or other Paying Agent appointed by the Company) by the Holder thereof in the manner required by Section 15.02 by mailing checks for the amount payable to the Holders of such Notes entitled thereto as they shall appear in the Note Register; provided , however , that payments to the Depositary shall be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the account of the Depositary or its nominee. The Trustee shall, promptly after such payment and upon written demand by the Company, return to the Company any funds in excess of the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price.
(b) If by 11:00 a.m. New York City time, on the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date, the Trustee (or other Paying Agent appointed by the Company) holds money sufficient to make payment on all the Notes or portions thereof that are to be repurchased on such Fundamental Change Repurchase Date, then, with respect to the Notes that have been properly surrendered for repurchase and have not been validly withdrawn, (i) such Notes will cease to be outstanding, (ii) interest will cease to accrue on such Notes (whether or not book-entry transfer of the Notes has been made or the Notes have been delivered to the Trustee or Paying Agent) and (iii) all other rights of the Holders of such Notes will terminate (other than the right to receive the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price).
 
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(c) Upon surrender of a Physical Note that is to be repurchased in part pursuant to Section 15.02, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder a new Note in an authorized denomination equal in principal amount to the unrepurchased portion of the Note surrendered .
Section 15.05. Covenant to Comply with Applicable Laws Upon Repurchase of Notes . In connection with any repurchase offer, the Company will, if required:
(a) comply with the provisions of Rule 13e-4, Rule 14e-1 and any other tender offer rules under the Exchange Act;
(b) file a Schedule TO or any other required schedule under the Exchange Act; and
(c) otherwise comply with all federal and state securities laws in connection with any offer by the Company to repurchase the Notes;
in each case, so as to permit the rights and obligations under this Article 15 to be exercised in the time and in the manner specified in this Article 15.
Section 15.06. Third Party Offers . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article 15, the Company shall not be required to repurchase, or to make an offer to repurchase, the Notes upon a Fundamental Change if a third party makes such offer in the same manner, at the same time and otherwise in compliance with the requirements under this Indenture for a repurchase offer made by the Company pursuant to this Article 15 and such third party purchases all Notes that are properly surrendered and not validly withdrawn under its offer in the same manner, at the same time and otherwise in compliance with the requirements under this Indenture for a repurchase offer made by the Company pursuant to this Article 15.
Section 15.07. Reference Property Exception . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article 15, the Company shall not be required to give a Fundamental Change Company Notice or repurchase the Notes upon a Fundamental Change pursuant to clause (b) of the definition of “Fundamental Change” if (i) such Fundamental Change results in the Notes becoming convertible (pursuant to the provisions set forth in Section 14.07(a)) into Reference Property consisting of cash in an amount per Note greater than the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price (assuming the maximum amount of accrued interest would be payable based on the latest possible Fundamental Change Purchase Date) and (ii) the Company provides timely notice of the Holders’ right to convert their Notes based on such Fundamental Change as set forth in Section 14.01(b)(iii).
 
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ARTICLE 16
N O R EDEMPTION
Section 16.01. No Redemption . The Notes shall not be redeemable by the Company prior to the Maturity Date, and no sinking fund is provided for the Notes.
ARTICLE 17
M ISCELLANEOUS P ROVISIONS
Section 17.01. Provisions Binding on Company’s Successors. All the covenants, stipulations, promises and agreements of the Company contained in this Indenture shall bind its successors and assigns whether so expressed or not.
Section 17.02. Official Acts by Successor Corporation. Any act or proceeding by any provision of this Indenture authorized or required to be done or performed by any board, committee or Officer of the Company shall and may be done and performed with like force and effect by the like board, committee or officer of any corporation or other entity that shall at the time be the lawful sole successor of the Company.
Section 17.03. Addresses for Notices, Etc. Any notice or demand that by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted to be given or served by the Trustee or by the Holders on the Company shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given or made, for all purposes if given or served by being deposited postage prepaid by registered or certified mail in a post office letter box addressed (until another address is filed by the Company with the Trustee) to Impax Laboratories, Inc., 30831 Huntwood Ave., Hayward, CA 94544, Attention: General Counsel. Any notice, direction, request or demand hereunder to or upon the Trustee shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given or made, for all purposes, if given or served by being deposited postage prepaid by registered or certified mail in a post office letter box addressed to the Corporate Trust Office.
The Trustee, by notice to the Company, may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications.
Any notice or communication mailed to a Holder shall be mailed to it by first class mail, postage prepaid, at its address as it appears on the Note Register and shall be sufficiently given to it if so mailed within the time prescribed.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or any Note, where this Indenture or any Note provides for notice of any event (including any Fundamental Change Repurchase Notice) to a Holder of a Global Note (whether by mail or otherwise), such notice shall be sufficiently given if given to the Depositary for such Note (or its designee) pursuant to the standing instructions from such Depositary.
 
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Failure to mail a notice or communication to a Holder or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Holders. If a notice or communication is mailed in the manner provided above, it is duly given, whether or not the addressee receives it.
In case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice to Holders by mail, then such notification as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder.
Section 17.04. Governing Law; Jurisdiction. THIS INDENTURE AND EACH NOTE, AND ANY CLAIM, CONTROVERSY OR DISPUTE ARISING UNDER OR RELATED TO THIS INDENTURE AND EACH NOTE, SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK (WITHOUT REGARD TO THE CONFLICTS OF LAWS PROVISIONS THEREOF).
The Company irrevocably consents and agrees, for the benefit of the Holders from time to time of the Notes and the Trustee, that any legal action, suit or proceeding against it with respect to obligations, liabilities or any other matter arising out of or in connection with this Indenture or the Notes may be brought in the courts of the State of New York or the courts of the United States located in the Borough of Manhattan, New York City, New York and, until amounts due and to become due in respect of the Notes have been paid, hereby irrevocably consents and submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of each such court in personam , generally and unconditionally with respect to any action, suit or proceeding for itself in respect of its properties, assets and revenues.
The Company irrevocably and unconditionally waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection which it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any of the aforesaid actions, suits or proceedings arising out of or in connection with this Indenture brought in the courts of the State of New York or the courts of the United States located in the Borough of Manhattan, New York City, New York and hereby further irrevocably and unconditionally waives and agrees not to plead or claim in any such court that any such action, suit or proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum.
Section 17.05. Evidence of Compliance with Conditions Precedent; Certificates and Opinions of Counsel to Trustee. Upon any application or demand by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture, the Company shall, if requested by the Trustee, furnish to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating that such action is permitted by the terms of this Indenture.
Each Officer’s Certificate provided for, by or on behalf of the Company in this Indenture and delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with this Indenture (other than the Officer’s Certificates provided for in Section 4.08) shall include (a) a statement that the person signing such certificate is familiar with the requested action and this Indenture; (b) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statement contained in such certificate is based; (c) a statement that, in the judgment of such person, he or she has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him or her to express an informed judgment as to whether or not such action is permitted by this Indenture; and (d) a statement as to whether or not, in the judgment of such person, such action is permitted by this Indenture.
 
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Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 17.05, if any provision in this Indenture specifically provides that the Trustee shall or may receive an Opinion of Counsel in connection with any action to be taken by the Trustee or the Company hereunder, the Trustee shall be entitled to, or entitled to request, such Opinion of Counsel.
Section 17.06. Legal Holidays. In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Fundamental Change Repurchase Date or Maturity Date is not a Business Day, then any action to be taken on such date need not be taken on such date, but may be taken on the next succeeding Business Day with the same force and effect as if taken on such date, and no interest shall accrue in respect of the delay.
Section 17.07. No Security Interest Created. Nothing in this Indenture or in the Notes, expressed or implied, shall be construed to constitute a security interest under the Uniform Commercial Code or similar legislation, as now or hereafter enacted and in effect, in any jurisdiction.
Section 17.08. Benefits of Indenture. Nothing in this Indenture or in the Notes, expressed or implied, shall give to any Person, other than the Holders, the parties hereto, any Paying Agent, any Conversion Agent, any authenticating agent, any Note Registrar and their successors hereunder, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.
Section 17.09. Table of Contents, Headings, Etc. The table of contents and the titles and headings of the articles and sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not to be considered a part hereof, and shall in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof.
Section 17.10. Authenticating Agent. The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent that shall be authorized to act on its behalf and subject to its direction in the authentication and delivery of Notes in connection with the original issuance thereof and transfers and exchanges of Notes hereunder, including under Section 2.04, Section 2.05, Section 2.06, Section 2.07, Section 10.04 and Section 15.04 as fully to all intents and purposes as though the authenticating agent had been expressly authorized by this Indenture and those Sections to authenticate and deliver Notes. For all purposes of this Indenture, the authentication and delivery of Notes by the authenticating agent shall be deemed to be authentication and delivery of such Notes “by the Trustee” and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by an authenticating agent shall be deemed to satisfy any requirement hereunder or in the Notes for the Trustee’s certificate of authentication. Such authenticating agent shall at all times be a Person eligible to serve as trustee hereunder pursuant to Section 7.08.
 
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Any corporation or other entity into which any authenticating agent may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation or other entity resulting from any merger, consolidation or conversion to which any authenticating agent shall be a party, or any corporation or other entity succeeding to the corporate trust business of any authenticating agent, shall be the successor of the authenticating agent hereunder, if such successor corporation or other entity is otherwise eligible under this Section 17.10, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of the parties hereto or the authenticating agent or such successor corporation or other entity.
Any authenticating agent may at any time resign by giving written notice of resignation to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate the agency of any authenticating agent by giving written notice of termination to such authenticating agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time any authenticating agent shall cease to be eligible under this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor authenticating agent (which may be the Trustee), shall give written notice of such appointment to the Company and shall send notice of such appointment to all Holders as the names and addresses of such Holders appear on the Note Register.
The Company agrees to pay to the authenticating agent from time to time reasonable compensation for its services although the Company may terminate the authenticating agent, if it determines such agent’s fees to be unreasonable.
The provisions of Section 7.02, Section 7.03, Section 7.04, Section 8.03 and this Section 17.10 shall be applicable to any authenticating agent.
If an authenticating agent is appointed pursuant to this Section 17.10, the Notes may have endorsed thereon, in addition to the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, an alternative certificate of authentication in the following form:
                                                  ,
as Authenticating Agent, certifies that this is one of the Notes described in the within-named Indenture.
By:                                   
Authorized Officer
Section 17.11. Execution in Counterparts. This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. The exchange of copies of this Indenture and of signature pages by facsimile or PDF transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery of this Indenture as to the parties hereto and may be used in lieu of the original Indenture for all purposes. Signatures of the parties hereto transmitted by facsimile or PDF shall be deemed to be their original signatures for all purposes.
 
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Section 17.12. Severability. In the event any provision of this Indenture or in the Notes shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, then (to the extent permitted by law) the validity, legality or enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired.
Section 17.13. Waiver of Jury Trial. EACH OF THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS INDENTURE, THE NOTES OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.
Section 17.14. Force Majeure. In no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder arising out of or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its control, including, without limitation, strikes, work stoppages, accidents, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances, nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of God, and interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities, communications or computer (software and hardware) services; it being understood that the Trustee shall use reasonable efforts that are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as practicable under the circumstances.
Section 17.15. Calculations . Except as otherwise provided herein, the Company shall be responsible for making all calculations called for under the Notes. These calculations include, but are not limited to, determinations of the Last Reported Sale Prices of the Common Stock, the Daily VWAPs, the Daily Conversion Values, the Daily Settlement Amounts, accrued interest payable on the Notes, Additional Interest, Additional Amounts and the Conversion Rate of the Notes. The Company shall make all these calculations in good faith and, absent manifest error, the Company’s calculations shall be final and binding on Holders of Notes. The Company shall provide a schedule of its calculations to each of the Trustee and the Conversion Agent, and each of the Trustee and Conversion Agent is entitled to rely conclusively upon the accuracy of the Company’s calculations without independent verification. The Trustee will forward the Company’s calculations to any Holder of Notes upon the written request of that Holder at the sole cost and expense of the Company.
Section 17.16. USA PATRIOT Act. The parties hereto acknowledge that in accordance with Section 326 of the USA PATRIOT Act, the Trustee, like all financial institutions and in order to help fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering, is required to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person or legal entity that establishes a relationship or opens an account with the Trustee. The parties to this Indenture agree that they will provide the Trustee with such information as it may request in order for the Trustee to satisfy the requirements of the USA PATRIOT Act.
Section 17.17. Withholding Taxes . If the Company or other applicable withholding agent pays withholding taxes or backup withholding on behalf of the Holder or beneficial owner as a result of an adjustment to the Conversion Rate, the Company or other applicable withholding agent may, at its option, set off such payments against payments of cash and shares of Common Stock on the Notes.
[ Remainder of page intentionally left blank ]
 
90

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the date first written above.

IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.	
		
By:	 	s/ Bryan Reasons	
	 	Name: Bryan Reasons	
	 	Title:   CFO	
	
WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Trustee	
		
By:	 	s/ W. Thomas Morris II	
	 	Name: W. Thomas Morris II	
	 	Title:   Vice President	

EXHIBIT A
[FORM OF FACE OF NOTE]
[INCLUDE FOLLOWING LEGEND IF A GLOBAL NOTE]
[UNLESS THIS CERTIFICATE IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY, A NEW YORK CORPORATION (“DTC”), TO THE COMPANY OR ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE, OR PAYMENT, AND ANY CERTIFICATE ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR IN SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT HEREUNDER IS MADE TO CEDE & CO. OR TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE, OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH AS THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN.]
[INCLUDE FOLLOWING LEGEND IF A RESTRICTED SECURITY]
[THIS SECURITY AND THE COMMON STOCK, IF ANY, ISSUABLE UPON CONVERSION OF THIS SECURITY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE. BY ITS ACQUISITION HEREOF OR OF A BENEFICIAL INTEREST HEREIN, THE ACQUIRER:
(1) REPRESENTS THAT IT AND ANY ACCOUNT FOR WHICH IT IS ACTING IS A “QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER” (WITHIN THE MEANING OF RULE 144A UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT) AND THAT IT EXERCISES SOLE INVESTMENT DISCRETION WITH RESPECT TO EACH SUCH ACCOUNT, AND
(2) AGREES FOR THE BENEFIT OF IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC. (THE “COMPANY”) THAT IT WILL NOT OFFER, SELL, PLEDGE OR OTHERWISE TRANSFER THIS SECURITY OR ANY BENEFICIAL INTEREST HEREIN PRIOR TO THE DATE THAT IS THE LATER OF (X) ONE YEAR AFTER THE LAST ORIGINAL ISSUE DATE HEREOF OR SUCH SHORTER PERIOD OF TIME AS PERMITTED BY RULE 144 UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR ANY SUCCESSOR PROVISION THERETO AND (Y) SUCH LATER DATE, IF ANY, AS MAY BE REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW, EXCEPT:
(A) TO THE COMPANY OR ANY SUBSIDIARY THEREOF, OR
(B) PURSUANT TO A REGISTRATION STATEMENT WHICH HAS BECOME EFFECTIVE UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, OR
 
A-1

(C) TO A QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 144A UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, OR
(D) PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION PROVIDED BY RULE 144 UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR ANY OTHER AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT.
PRIOR TO THE REGISTRATION OF ANY TRANSFER IN ACCORDANCE WITH CLAUSE (2)(D) ABOVE, THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE RESERVE THE RIGHT TO REQUIRE THE DELIVERY OF SUCH LEGAL OPINIONS, CERTIFICATIONS OR OTHER EVIDENCE AS MAY REASONABLY BE REQUIRED IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THAT THE PROPOSED TRANSFER IS BEING MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE SECURITIES ACT AND APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. NO REPRESENTATION IS MADE AS TO THE AVAILABILITY OF ANY EXEMPTION FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT.]
 
A-2

Impax Laboratories, Inc.
2.00% Convertible Senior Note due 2022

No. [              ]	  	[Initially] 1 $[                  ]	
CUSIP No. [                  ]
Impax Laboratories, Inc., a corporation duly organized and validly existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (the “ Company ,” which term includes any successor corporation or other entity under the Indenture referred to on the reverse hereof), for value received hereby promises to pay to [CEDE & CO.] 2 [                ] 3 , or registered assigns, the principal sum [as set forth in the “Schedule of Exchanges of Notes” attached hereto] 4 [of $[                ]] 5 , which amount, taken together with the principal amounts of all other outstanding Notes, shall not, unless permitted by the Indenture, exceed $600,000,000 in aggregate at any time, in accordance with the rules and procedures of the Depositary, on June 15, 2022, and interest thereon as set forth below.
This Note shall bear interest at the rate of 2.00% per year from June 30, 2015, or from the most recent date to which interest had been paid or provided for to, but excluding, the next scheduled Interest Payment Date until June 15, 2022. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on each June 15 and December 15, commencing on December 15, 2015, to Holders of record at the close of business on the preceding June 1 and December 1 (whether or not such day is a Business Day), respectively. Additional Interest will be payable as set forth in Section 4.06(d), Section 4.06(e) and Section 6.03 of the within-mentioned Indenture, and any reference to interest on, or in respect of, any Note therein shall be deemed to include Additional Interest if, in such context, Additional Interest is, was or would be payable pursuant to any of such Section 4.06(d), Section 4.06(e) or Section 6.03, and any express mention of the payment of Additional Interest in any provision therein shall not be construed as excluding Additional Interest in those provisions thereof where such express mention is not made.
Any Defaulted Amounts shall accrue interest per annum at the rate borne by the Notes, subject to the enforceability thereof under applicable law, from, and including, the relevant payment date to, but excluding, the date on which such Defaulted Amounts shall have been paid by the Company, at its election, in accordance with Section 2.03(c) of the Indenture.
The Company shall pay or cause the Paying Agent to pay the principal of and interest on this Note, if and so long as such Note is a Global Note, in immediately available funds to the Depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered Holder of such Note. As provided in and subject to the provisions of the Indenture, the Company shall pay or cause the Paying Agent to pay the principal of any Notes (other than Notes that are Global Notes) at the office or agency designated by the Company for that purpose. The Company has initially designated the Trustee as its Paying Agent and Note Registrar in respect of the Notes and its agency in the contiguous United States as a place where Notes may be presented for payment or for registration of transfer and exchange.

1  	Include if a global note.	
2  	Include if a global note.	
3  	Include if a physical note.	
4  	Include if a global note.	
5  	Include if a physical note.	
 
A-3

Reference is made to the further provisions of this Note set forth on the reverse hereof, including, without limitation, provisions giving the Holder of this Note the right to convert this Note into cash, shares of Common Stock or a combination of cash and shares of Common Stock, as applicable, on the terms and subject to the limitations set forth in the Indenture. Such further provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect as though fully set forth at this place.
This Note, and any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related to this Note, shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of New York (without regard to the conflicts of laws provisions thereof).
In the case of any conflict between this Note and the Indenture, the provisions of the Indenture shall control and govern.
This Note shall not be valid or become obligatory for any purpose until the certificate of authentication hereon shall have been signed manually by the Trustee or a duly authorized authenticating agent under the Indenture.
[ Remainder of page intentionally left blank ]
 
A-4

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Note to be duly executed.

IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.	

By:	 	 	
	 	Name:	
	 	Title:	
Dated:

TRUSTEE’S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION	
	
WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION as Trustee, certifies that this is one of the Notes described in the within-named Indenture.	

By:	 	 	
	 	Authorized Officer	
 
A-5

[FORM OF REVERSE OF NOTE]
Impax Laboratories, Inc.
2.00% Convertible Senior Note due 2022
This Note is one of a duly authorized issue of Notes of the Company, designated as its 2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022 (the “ Notes ”), limited to the aggregate principal amount of $600,000,000 all issued or to be issued under and pursuant to an Indenture dated as of June 30, 2015 (the “ Indenture ”), between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association (the “ Trustee ”), to which Indenture and all indentures supplemental thereto reference is hereby made for a description of the rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities thereunder of the Trustee, the Company and the Holders of the Notes. Additional Notes may be issued in an unlimited aggregate principal amount, subject to certain conditions specified in the Indenture. Capitalized terms used in this Note and not defined in this Note shall have the respective meanings set forth in the Indenture.
In case certain Events of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(h) or Section 6.01(i) of the Indenture with respect to the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries) shall have occurred and be continuing, the principal of, and interest on, all Notes may be declared, by either the Trustee or Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of Notes then outstanding, and upon said declaration shall become, due and payable, in the manner, with the effect and subject to the conditions and certain exceptions set forth in the Indenture.
Subject to the terms and conditions of the Indenture, the Company will make all payments and deliveries in respect of the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price on the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date and the principal amount on the Maturity Date, as the case may be, to the Holder who surrenders a Note to a Paying Agent to collect such payments in respect of the Note. The Company will pay cash amounts in money of the United States that at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts.
The Indenture contains provisions permitting the Company and the Trustee in certain circumstances, without the consent of the Holders of the Notes, and in certain other circumstances, with the consent of the Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes at the time outstanding, evidenced as in the Indenture provided, to execute supplemental indentures modifying the terms of the Indenture and the Notes as described therein. It is also provided in the Indenture that, subject to certain exceptions, the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes at the time outstanding may on behalf of the Holders of all of the Notes waive any existing or past Default or Event of Default under the Indenture and its consequences.
No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Note or of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay or deliver, as the case may be, the principal (including the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price, if applicable) of, accrued and unpaid interest on, and the consideration due upon conversion of, this Note at the place, at the respective times, at the rate and in the lawful money or shares of Common Stock, as the case may be, herein prescribed.
 
A-6

The Notes are issuable in registered form without coupons in denominations of $1,000 principal amount and integral multiples thereof. At the office or agency of the Company referred to on the face hereof, and in the manner and subject to the limitations provided in the Indenture, Notes may be exchanged for a like aggregate principal amount of Notes of other authorized denominations, without payment of any service charge but, if required by the Company or Trustee, with payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer or similar tax that may be imposed in connection therewith as a result of the name of the Holder of the new Notes issued upon such exchange of Notes being different from the name of the Holder of the old Notes surrendered for such exchange.
The Notes are not subject to redemption through the operation of any sinking fund or otherwise.
Upon the occurrence of a Fundamental Change, the Holder has the right, at such Holder’s option and subject to the limitations set forth in the Indenture, to require the Company to repurchase for cash all of such Holder’s Notes or any portion thereof (in principal amounts of $1,000 or integral multiples thereof) on the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date at a price equal to the Fundamental Change Repurchase Price.
Subject to the provisions of the Indenture, the Holder hereof has the right, at its option, during certain periods and upon the occurrence of certain conditions specified in the Indenture, prior to the close of business on the second Scheduled Trading Day immediately preceding the Maturity Date, to convert any Notes or portion thereof that is $1,000 or an integral multiple thereof, into cash, shares of Common Stock or a combination of cash and shares of Common Stock, as applicable and subject to the limitations set forth in the Indenture, at the Conversion Rate specified in the Indenture, as adjusted from time to time as provided in the Indenture.
 
A-7

ABBREVIATIONS
The following abbreviations, when used in the inscription of the face of this Note, shall be construed as though they were written out in full according to applicable laws or regulations:
TEN COM = as tenants in common
UNIF GIFT MIN ACT = Uniform Gifts to Minors Act
CUST = Custodian
TEN ENT = as tenants by the entireties
JT TEN = joint tenants with right of survivorship and not as tenants in common
Additional abbreviations may also be used though not in the above list.
 
A-8

SCHEDULE A 6
SCHEDULE OF EXCHANGES OF NOTES
Impax Laboratories, Inc.
2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022
The initial principal amount of this Global Note is                  DOLLARS ($[                    ]). The following increases or decreases in this Global Note have been made:

Date of exchange	 	Amount of
decrease in
principal amount
of this Global Note	 	Amount of
increase in
principal amount
of this Global Note	 	Principal amount
of this Global Note
following such
decrease or
increase	 	Signature of
authorized
signatory of
Trustee or
Custodian	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	

6  	Include if a global note.	
 
A-9

ATTACHMENT 1
[FORM OF NOTICE OF CONVERSION]
 
To:	Wilmington Trust, National Association	
1100 North Market Street
Wilmington, DE 19890
Attn: Impax Laboratories Administrator
The undersigned registered owner of this Note hereby exercises the option to convert this Note, or the portion hereof (that is $1,000 principal amount or an integral multiple thereof) below designated, into cash, shares of Common Stock or a combination of cash and shares of Common Stock, as applicable, in accordance with the terms of the Indenture referred to in this Note, and directs that any cash payable and any shares of Common Stock issuable and deliverable upon such conversion, together with any cash for any fractional share, and any Notes representing any unconverted principal amount hereof, be issued and delivered to the registered Holder hereof unless a different name has been indicated below. If any shares of Common Stock or any portion of this Note not converted are to be issued in the name of a Person other than the undersigned, the undersigned will pay all documentary, stamp or similar issue or transfer taxes, if any in accordance with Section 14.02(d) and Section 14.02(e) of the Indenture. Any amount required to be paid to the undersigned on account of interest accompanies this Note. Capitalized terms used herein but not defined shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the Indenture.
					
Dated:                                                  	  	 	  		

	  	Signature(s)	  		

Signature Guarantee
Signature(s) must be guaranteed
by an eligible Guarantor Institution
(banks, stock brokers, savings and
loan associations and credit unions)
with membership in an approved
signature guarantee medallion program
pursuant to Securities and Exchange
Commission Rule 17Ad-15 if shares
of Common Stock are to be issued, or
Notes are to be delivered, other than
to and in the name of the registered holder.
 
1

Fill in for registration of shares if
to be issued, and Notes if to
be delivered, other than to and in the
name of the registered holder:

 	 		 		 		
(Name)	 		 		 		

(Street Address)	 		 		 		

(City, State and Zip Code)	 		 		 		
Please print name and address	 		 		 		

Principal amount to be converted (if less than all): $                ,000	
	
NOTICE: The above signature(s) of the Holder(s) hereof must correspond with the name as written upon the face of the Note in every particular without alteration or enlargement or any change whatever.	

Social Security or Other Taxpayer	
Identification Number	
 
2

ATTACHMENT 2
[FORM OF FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE REPURCHASE NOTICE]
 
To:	Wilmington Trust, National Association	
1100 North Market Street
Wilmington, DE 19890
Attn: Impax Laboratories Administrator
The undersigned registered owner of this Note hereby acknowledges receipt of a notice from Impax Laboratories, Inc. (the “ Company ”) as to the occurrence of a Fundamental Change with respect to the Company and specifying the Fundamental Change Repurchase Date and requests and instructs the Company to pay to the registered holder hereof in accordance with Section 15.02 of the Indenture referred to in this Note (1) the entire principal amount of this Note, or the portion thereof (that is $1,000 principal amount or an integral multiple thereof) below designated, and (2) if such Fundamental Change Repurchase Date does not fall during the period after a Regular Record Date and on or prior to the corresponding Interest Payment Date, accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon to, but excluding, such Fundamental Change Repurchase Date. Capitalized terms used herein but not defined shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the Indenture.
In the case of Physical Notes, the certificate numbers of the Notes to be repurchased are as set forth below:
Dated:                     

                                                         	
Signature(s)	

Social Security or Other Taxpayer	
Identification Number	
	
Principal amount to be repaid (if less than all): $                ,000	
	
NOTICE: The above signature(s) of the Holder(s) hereof must correspond with the name as written upon the face of the Note in every particular without alteration or enlargement or any change whatever.	
 
1

ATTACHMENT 3
[FORM OF ASSIGNMENT AND TRANSFER]
For value received                                  hereby sell(s), assign(s) and transfer(s) unto                                      (Please insert social security or Taxpayer Identification Number of assignee) the within Note, and hereby irrevocably constitutes and appoints                                  attorney to transfer the said Note on the books of the Company, with full power of substitution in the premises.
In connection with any transfer of the within Note occurring prior to the Resale Restriction Termination Date, as defined in the Indenture governing such Note, the undersigned confirms that such Note is being transferred:
☐ To Impax Laboratories, Inc. or a subsidiary thereof; or
☐ Pursuant to a registration statement that has become or been declared effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended; or
☐ Pursuant to and in compliance with Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended; or
☐ Pursuant to and in compliance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or any other available exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
 
1

	
Dated:                                                              	

 	

Signature(s)	
 	
Signature Guarantee	
Signature(s) must be guaranteed by an
eligible Guarantor Institution (banks, stock
brokers, savings and loan associations and
credit unions) with membership in an approved
signature guarantee medallion program pursuant
to Securities and Exchange Commission
Rule 17Ad-15 if Notes are to be delivered, other
than to and in the name of the registered holder.
NOTICE: The signature on the assignment must correspond with the name as written upon the face of the Note in every particular without alteration or enlargement or any change whatever.
 
2

Exhibit 4.2
EXECUTION VERSION
FIRST SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE
FIRST SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE , dated as of November 6, 2017 (this “ First Supplemental Indenture ”), to the Indenture dated as of June 30, 2015 (the “ Indenture ”) between Impax Laboratories, Inc. (the “ Company ”), a Delaware corporation, and Wilmington Trust, National Association, a national banking association, as Trustee (the “ Trustee ”). Each term used herein which is defined in the Indenture has the meaning assigned to such term in the Indenture unless otherwise specifically defined herein, in which case the definition set forth herein shall govern.
WITNESSETH
WHEREAS , the Company has heretofore executed and delivered the Indenture to provide for the issuance by the Company of a series of securities known as its 2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022 (the “ Notes ”);
WHEREAS, Section 10.02 of the Indenture provides, inter alia , that under certain circumstances, the Company and the Trustee may amend the Indenture with the consent of the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the Notes then outstanding (the “ Requisite Consents ”);
WHEREAS, the Company has distributed a Consent Solicitation Statement, dated as of October 30, 2017 (the “ Statement ”), to the Holders in connection with the solicitation of such Holders’ consent to certain proposed amendments to the Indenture;
WHEREAS , pursuant to the Statement, the Requisite Consents have been received, and evidence of such consents has been provided by the Company to the Trustee, and all other conditions precedent, if any, provided for in the Indenture relating to the execution of this First Supplemental Indenture have been complied with as of the date hereof;
NOW, THEREFORE , for and in consideration of the premises contained herein and intending to be legally bound, each party agrees for the benefit of each other party and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders, as follows:
ARTICLE I
AMENDMENTS
Section 1.1 Section 4.05 of the Indenture is hereby amended by inserting the underlined language and removing the struck-through language below:
Section 4.05. Existence . Subject to Article 11, the Company shall do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its corporate existence as an entity; provided that this Section  4.05 shall not prohibit the Company from consummating the Transactions (as defined in that certain Business Combination Agreement dated as of October  17, 2017 among the Company, Atlas Holdings, Inc., K2 Merger Sub Corporation and Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC ( as amended pursuant to the terms thereof from time to time, the “ Business Combination Agreement ”)), including by conversion to a limited liability company or other organizational form.
Section 1.2 Section 4.06(a) of the Indenture is hereby amended by inserting the underlined language below:
Section 4.06. Rule 144A Information Requirement and Annual Reports . (a) At any time the Company is not subject to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the Company shall, so long as any of the Notes or any shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion thereof shall, at such time, constitute “restricted securities” within the meaning of Rule 144(a)(3) under the Securities Act, promptly provide to the Trustee and, upon written request, any Holder, beneficial owner or prospective purchaser of such Notes or any shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of such Notes, the information required to be delivered pursuant to Rule 144A(d)(4) under the Securities Act to facilitate the resale of such Notes or shares of Common Stock pursuant to Rule 144A; provided that following the consummation of the Transactions, the Company will be deemed to have satisfied the reporting requirements referred to above if any parent entity of the Company (including Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) has delivered such information with respect to the parent entity in lieu of the Company.
 
-1-

EXECUTION VERSION
 
Section 1.3 The following provision shall be inserted as Section 4.10 of the Indenture:
Section 4.10. Special Offer to Repurchase Notes . (a) The Company shall, not more than 10 Business Days following the date of the consummation of the Transactions, commence an offer (a “ Special Tender Offer ”) to Holders to repurchase for cash all of the outstanding Notes, or any portion thereof that is equal to $1,000 or an integral multiple of $1,000, on a date (the “ Special Tender Date ”) specified by the Company at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but excluding, the Special Tender Date (the “ Special Tender Price ”), unless the Special Tender Date falls after a Regular Record Date but on or prior to the Interest Payment Date to which such Regular Record Date relates, in which case the Company shall instead pay on the Special Tender Date the full amount of accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the Interest Payment Date to which the Record Date pertains, to Holders of record as of such Regular Record Date, and the Special Tender Price shall be equal to 100% of the principal amount of Notes to be repurchased pursuant to this Section 4.10.
(b) In connection with any Special Tender Offer, the Company will, if required, (i) comply with the provisions of Rule 13e-4, Rule 14e-1 and any other tender offer rules under the Exchange Act; (ii) file a Schedule TO or any other required schedule under the Exchange Act; and (iii) otherwise comply with all federal and state securities laws in connection with any offer by the Company to repurchase the Notes, in each case, so as to permit the rights and obligations under this Section 4.10 to be exercised in the time and in the manner specified in this Section 4.10.
Section 1.4 The following provision shall be inserted as Section 4.11 of the Indenture:
Section 4.11. Transactions Permitted . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture, the Transactions and the consummation thereof are, for the avoidance of doubt, permitted under and not prohibited by this Indenture and shall, provided that the Company complies with Section 4.10, be deemed not to result in any default or Event of Default under this Indenture.
Section 1.5 The Indenture and each Global Note, with effect on and from the date hereof, shall be deemed supplemented, modified and amended in such manner as necessary to make the terms of such Global Note consistent with the terms of the Indenture, as amended by this First Supplemental Indenture, and giving effect to the amendments set forth in Sections 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 hereof.
ARTICLE II
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 2.1 Conflict with Indenture .
To the extent not expressly amended or modified by this First Supplemental Indenture, the Indenture shall remain in full force and effect. If any provision of this First Supplemental Indenture is inconsistent with any provision of the Indenture, the provision of this First Supplemental Indenture shall control.
Section 2.2 Effectiveness .
The provisions of this First Supplemental Indenture shall be effective only upon execution and delivery of this instrument by the parties hereto. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, the provisions of this First Supplemental Indenture shall become operative only upon the payment of the Consent Payment (as defined in the Statement), with the result that the amendments to the Indenture effected by this First Supplemental Indenture shall be deemed to be revoked retroactively to the date hereof if the payment of the Consent Payment shall not occur.
 
-2-

EXECUTION VERSION
 
Section 2.3     Governing Law .
THIS FIRST SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE, AND ANY CLAIM, CONTROVERSY OR DISPUTE ARISING UNDER OR RELATED TO THIS FIRST SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE, SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Section 2.4     Successors .
All agreements of the Company and the Trustee in the Indenture and as amended by this First Supplemental Indenture shall bind their respective successors.
Section 2.5     Counterparts .
This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.
Section 2.6     The Trustee.
The Trustee shall not be responsible in any manner for or in respect of the validity or sufficiency of this First Supplemental Indenture or the due execution thereof by the Company. The recitals of fact contained herein shall be taken as the statements solely of the Company, and the trustee assumes no responsibility for the correctness thereof.
 
-3-

EXECUTION VERSION
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the parties to this First Supplemental Indenture have caused it to be duly executed as of the day and year first written.

IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.	
		
By:	 	/s/ Bryan M. Reasons	
Name:	 	Bryan M. Reasons	
Title:	 	SVP and Chief Financial Officer	
	
WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Trustee	
		
By:	 	/s/ W. Thomas Morris	
Name:	 	W. Thomas Morris	
Title:	 	Vice President	
 
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Exhibit 5.1

 	 	53rd at Third	
	 	885 Third Avenue	
	 	New York, New York 10022-4834	
	 	Tel: +1.212.906.1200 Fax: +1.212.751.4864	
	 	www.lw.com	
		
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Atlas Holdings, Inc.
c/o Impax Laboratories, Inc.
30831 Huntwood Ave
Hayward, California 94544
 
 	Re:	Registration Statement No. 333-333-223501; 226,738,335 Shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share	
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as special counsel to Atlas Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company” ), in connection with the proposed issuance of up to 226,738,335 shares (the “Shares” ) of Class A common stock, $0.01 par value per share (the “Common Stock” ). The Shares are included in a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act” ), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission” ) on March 7, 2018 (Registration No. 333-223501) (as amended, the “Registration Statement” ). This opinion is being furnished in connection with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Act, and no opinion is expressed herein as to any matter pertaining to the contents of the Registration Statement or related Prospectus, other than as expressly stated herein with respect to the issue of the Shares.
As such counsel, we have examined such matters of fact and questions of law as we have considered appropriate for purposes of this letter. With your consent, we have relied upon certificates and other assurances of officers of the Company and others as to factual matters without having independently verified such factual matters. We are opining herein as to General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, and we express no opinion with respect to any other laws.
Subject to the foregoing and the other matters set forth herein, it is our opinion that, as of the date hereof, when the Board of Directors of the Company has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize and approve the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company in the form most recently filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement (the

April 13, 2018
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“Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation” ), when the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company has been duly filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and when the Shares shall have been duly registered on the books of the transfer agent and registrar therefor in the name or on behalf of the purchasers, and have been issued by the Company against payment therefor (not less than par value) in the circumstances contemplated by the Registration Statement, the issue and sale of the Shares will have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action of the Company, and the Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. In rendering the foregoing opinion, we have assumed that the Company will comply with all applicable notice requirements regarding uncertificated shares provided in the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.
This opinion is for your benefit in connection with the Registration Statement and may be relied upon by you and by persons entitled to rely upon it pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Act. We consent to your filing this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm in the Prospectus under the heading “Legal matters.” In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.
Very truly yours,
/s/ LATHAM & WATKINS LLP
LATHAM & WATKINS LLP

Exhibit 10.1
Execution Version

JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.
383 Madison Avenue
New York, New York 10179	  	BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.
MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE,
FENNER & SMITH
INCORPORATED
One Bryant Park
New York, NY 10036	  	ROYAL BANK OF CANADA,
RBC CAPITAL MARKETS
LLC
200 Vesey Street
New York, New York 10281	
Highly Confidential
November 6, 2017
Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC
400 Crossing Blvd, 3rd Floor
Bridgewater, NJ 08807-2863
Attention: Jim Mastakas, Sr. VP and CFO
Project Apex
Amended and Restated Commitment Letter
Ladies and Gentlemen:
You have advised JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (“ JPMCB ”), Bank of America, N.A. (“ BANA ”), Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (“ MLPFS ”), Royal Bank of Canada (“ Royal Bank ”) and RBC Capital Markets 1 (together with Royal Bank, “ RBCCM ” and RBCCM together with JPMCB, BANA and MLPFS, “ we ” or “ us ” or the “ Commitment Parties ” and each a “ Commitment Party ”), that Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ you ” or “ Atlas ”) intends to acquire the company previously identified to us and code named “K2” (the “ Company ”), and to consummate the other transactions described in Exhibit A hereto. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in the Exhibits hereto. This Amended and Restated Commitment Letter (together with the Term Sheets and the other attachments hereto and thereto, the “ Commitment Letter ”) amends and restates as of the date hereof the Commitment Letter dated as of October 17, 2017 (the “ Original Commitment Letter ”), by and among you, JPMCB, BANA and MLPFS, and such Original Commitment Letter will be of no further force and effect.
 
1.	Commitments .	
In connection with the Transactions, each of JPMCB, BANA and Royal Bank (collectively, the “ Initial Lenders ” and each an “ Initial Lender ”) commits, on a several and not joint basis, to provide the aggregate principal amount of the ABL Facility and the Term Facility set forth opposite its name in the table below upon the terms set forth in the applicable Summary of Principal Terms and Conditions attached hereto as Exhibit B and Exhibit C and subject only to the conditions set forth on Exhibit D hereto.

Initial Lender	  	ABL Facility	 	  	Term Facility	 	
JPMCB	  	$	137,500,000	 	  	$	1,485,000,000	 	
BANA	  	$	87,500,000	 	  	$	945,000,000	 	
Royal Bank	  	$	25,000,000	 	  	$	270,000,000	 	

1  	RBC Capital Markets is a brand name for the capital markets businesses of Royal Bank of Canada and its affiliates.	
 
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2.	Titles and Roles.	
(i) Each of JPMCB (acting alone or through or with affiliates selected by it), BANA (acting alone or through or with affiliates selected by it) and RBCCM (acting alone or through or with affiliates selected by it) will act as (i) joint lead arranger and bookrunning manager for each of the Facilities (in such capacities, the “ Lead Arrangers ” and each a “ Lead Arranger ”) and (ii) JPMCB (acting alone or through or with affiliates selected by it) will act as sole administrative agent and collateral agent for each of the Facilities (in such capacities, the “ Administrative Agent ”). For the avoidance of doubt, JPMCB may perform its responsibilities through its affiliate, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC.
JPMCB will appear on the top left of the cover page of all marketing materials for the Facilities and will hold the roles and responsibilities conventionally understood to be associated with such name placement. No other agents, co-agents, lead arrangers, co-arrangers, bookrunners, managers or co-managers will be appointed, no other titles will be awarded and no compensation (other than compensation expressly contemplated by the Commitment Letter and the Fee Letters (as defined below) (the Commitment Letter and the Fee Letters, the “ Commitment Papers ”)) will be paid in connection with obtaining a commitment under the Facilities unless you and we agree.
 
3.	Syndication .	
The Lead Arrangers reserve the right, prior to or after the execution of the Facilities Documentation, to syndicate all or a portion of the commitments with respect to the Facilities, to a group of banks, financial institutions and other institutional lenders that are identified by the Lead Arrangers in consultation with you and reasonably acceptable to you (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed) (together with the Initial Lenders, the “ Lenders ”).
The Lead Arrangers will not syndicate to any of the following (collectively, the “ Disqualified Lenders ”):
(a) those entities identified by you in writing, from time to time prior to or after the completion of general syndication, as competitors of Atlas or its subsidiaries and/or the Company or its subsidiaries;
(b) those banks, financial institutions, other institutional lenders and other persons identified in writing by or on behalf of you or the Company to us from time to time prior to October 17, 2017;
(c) those banks, financial institutions, other institutional lenders and other persons identified in writing by or on behalf of you to us after October 17, 2017 if such designation is reasonably acceptable to the Lead Arrangers; and
(d) any clearly identifiable (solely on the basis of the similarity of its name or as identified in writing by or on behalf of you) affiliate of the entities described in the preceding clauses (a), (b) and (c) (other than, with respect to this clause (d), any bona fide debt fund affiliates thereof).
No Disqualified Lender may become a Lender or have any commitment or right (including any participation right) with respect to any Facility; provided that, to the extent persons are identified as Disqualified Lenders in writing by or on behalf of you to us after October 17, 2017 (or, if after the Closing Date, by or on behalf of you to the Administrative Agent) pursuant to clauses (a) or (c), the inclusion of such persons as Disqualified Lenders will not become effective until the next business day following receipt of such notice, and, in any event, will not apply retroactively to any entity that has (i) acquired an assignment or participation interest, (ii) entered into a trade for either of the foregoing or (iii) become a competitor of Atlas or its subsidiaries and/or the Company or its subsidiaries before such entity is added to the list of Disqualified Lenders. The list of Disqualified Lenders shall be made available to all Lenders upon request. Notwithstanding the Lead Arrangers’ right to syndicate the Facilities and receive commitments with respect thereto (i) no Initial Lender will be relieved, released or novated from its obligations under the Commitment Papers in connection with any syndication, assignment or participation of the Facilities, including its commitments and obligations to fund the Facilities, until after the
 
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initial funding under the Facilities on the Closing Date has occurred, (ii) no assignment or novation will become effective (as between you and any Initial Lender) with respect to all or any portion of such Initial Lender’s commitments in respect of the Facilities until the initial funding of the Facilities on the Closing Date has occurred and (iii) unless you otherwise expressly agree in writing, each Initial Lender will retain exclusive control over all rights and obligations with respect to its commitments in respect of the Facilities, including all rights with respect to consents, modifications, supplements, waivers and amendments, until the initial funding under the Facilities has occurred.
The Lead Arrangers intend to commence syndication efforts promptly upon the execution of this Commitment Letter and, as part of its syndication efforts, it is the Lead Arrangers’ intent to have Lenders commit to the Facilities prior to the Closing Date. You agree to use your commercially reasonable efforts to actively assist the Lead Arrangers in completing a Successful Syndication (as defined in the Fee Letter) until the date that is the earlier of (a) the date that is 90 days after the Closing Date and (b) the date on which a Successful Syndication is achieved (such earlier date, the “ Syndication Date ”). Such assistance will be limited to the following, upon our reasonable request:
(i) your using your commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that any syndication efforts benefit from your existing lending and investment banking relationships and, to the extent practical and appropriate and in all instances not in contravention of the terms of the Acquisition Agreement as in effect on October 17, 2017, the existing lending and investment banking relationships of the Company;
(ii) direct contact between your senior management (and, to the extent practical and appropriate and in all instances not in contravention of the terms of the Acquisition Agreement as in effect on October 17, 2017, your using your commercially reasonable efforts to arrange for direct contact with senior management of the Company) and the proposed Lenders at times and locations to be mutually agreed upon;
(iii) your assistance (and, to the extent practical and appropriate and in all instances not in contravention of the terms of the Acquisition Agreement as in effect on October 17, 2017, your using your commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Company to assist) in the preparation of a customary confidential information memorandum (the “ Confidential Information Memorandum ”) for the Facilities and other customary marketing materials to be used in connection with the syndication of each of the Facilities;
(iv) your using your commercially reasonable efforts to procure, at your expense, prior to the launch of the general syndication of the Facilities, public ratings (but no specific rating) for the Term Facility from each of Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“ S&P ”) and Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“ Moody’s ”) and a public corporate credit rating (but no specific rating) and a public corporate family rating (but no specific rating) for the Borrower after giving effect to the Transactions from each of S&P and Moody’s, respectively;
(v) your providing (and, to the extent practical and appropriate and in all instances not in contravention of the terms of the Acquisition Agreement as in effect on October 17, 2017, using your commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Company to provide) to the Lead Arrangers all customary information reasonably available to you with respect to you, the Company, your and its respective subsidiaries and the Transactions, including financial information and projections of the type customarily included in a “private side” bank book in a form customarily delivered in connection with senior secured bank financings and asset based loan financings of this type to syndicate the Facilities (such projections, together with financial estimates, forecasts, other financial projections and other forward-looking information, the “ Projections ”), as the Lead Arrangers may reasonably request in connection with the structuring, arrangement or syndication of the Facilities; and
(vi) the hosting, with the Lead Arrangers, of a meeting (or, if reasonably acceptable to you and the Lead Arrangers, a telephone, video or other electronic conference in lieu of such meeting) (and, to the extent practical and appropriate and in all instances not in contravention of the terms of the Acquisition Agreement as in effect on October 17, 2017, your using your commercially reasonable efforts to cause the relevant senior officers of the Company to be available for such meeting (or such other conference in lieu of such meeting, as applicable)) of prospective Lenders at such time and location to be mutually agreed upon.
 
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Until the Syndication Date, you agree to ensure that there will not be any competing issues, offerings, placements, arrangements or syndications of your or your affiliates’ debt securities or your or your affiliates’ syndicated commercial bank or your or your affiliates’ other syndicated credit facilities (and, to the extent practical and appropriate and in all instances not in contravention of the terms of the Acquisition Agreement, to use your commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that there will not be any such competing issues, offerings, placements, arrangements or syndications of the Company or any of its subsidiaries), in each case if such issuance, offering, placement or arrangement would materially impair the primary syndication of the Term Loan Facility prior to the Syndication Date (other than the Facilities and/or any debt of the Company and its subsidiaries not prohibited from being incurred on or prior to the Closing Date or not prohibited from remaining outstanding on or after the Closing Date pursuant to the terms of the Acquisition Agreement).
For the avoidance of doubt, you will not be required to provide any trade secrets or information to the extent that the provision thereof would violate any law, rule or regulation, or any obligation of confidentiality binding upon, or waive any privilege that may be asserted by, you, the Company or any of your or its respective affiliates; provided that in the event that you do not provide information in reliance on this sentence, you will provide notice to the Lead Arrangers promptly upon obtaining knowledge that such information is being withheld and you shall use your commercially reasonable efforts to communicate, to the extent feasible, the applicable information in a way that would not violate the applicable obligation or risk waiver of such privilege.
Neither the commencement nor the completion of any syndication of the Facilities (including the Successful Syndication), nor the receipt of the ratings described above nor compliance with the foregoing provisions of this Section 3, will constitute a condition to any Initial Lender’s commitments hereunder or to the Closing Date. We acknowledge that neither the Company nor its affiliates is restricted from incurring debt or liens prior to the Acquisition, except as specifically set forth in the Acquisition Agreement, and that prior to the date or time on which the Acquisition is consummated pursuant to the terms of the Acquisition Agreement (the “ Acquisition Date ”), the Company is obligated to assist with respect to the Facilities only to the extent set forth in the Acquisition Agreement, and the extent of such restrictions and assistance (as set forth in the Acquisition Agreement as in effect on October 17, 2017) is acceptable to us. Your obligations under the Commitment Papers to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Company, its subsidiaries or their respective management to take (or to refrain from taking) any action is subject to the terms of the Acquisition Agreement and will not require you, under any circumstances, to take any action that is not practical, appropriate or reasonable in light of the circumstances or in contravention of the terms of the Acquisition Agreement, including terminating the Acquisition Agreement.
Except as set forth above, the Lead Arrangers will, in consultation with you, manage all aspects of any syndication of the Facilities, including (a) decisions as to the selection of institutions to be approached, which will exclude Disqualified Lenders, (b) when they will be approached, (c) when their commitments will be accepted, (d) which institutions will participate (which will exclude Disqualified Lenders), (e) the allocation of the commitments among the Lenders, and (f) the amount and distribution of fees among the Lenders.
 
4.	Information .	
You hereby represent and warrant (with respect to information provided by or concerning the Company, its subsidiaries or their respective operations or assets and any third party memoranda or reports furnished to us, to your knowledge), that (a) all written factual information and written factual data (other than (i) the Projections and (ii) information of a general economic or industry nature) (such written information and written data other than that set forth in clauses (i) and (ii) above, the “ Information ”) that have been or will be made available to the Commitment Parties directly or indirectly by or on behalf of you or the Company, or by any of your or its subsidiaries or representatives, when taken as a whole, does not or will not, when furnished, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements contained therein not materially misleading in light of the circumstances under which such statements are made (after giving effect to all supplements and updates thereto) and (b) the Projections that have been or will be made
 
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available to the Lead Arrangers by or on behalf of you or the Company, or by any of your or its subsidiaries or representatives, when taken as a whole, have been or will be prepared, when furnished, in good faith based upon assumptions that are believed by you to be reasonable at the time made and at the time any such Projections are delivered to the Lead Arrangers; it being understood by each Commitment Party and each Lead Arranger that (1) Projections are not to be viewed as facts, (2) Projections are subject to significant uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond the control of you or the Company, (3) no assurance can be given that any particular Projections will be realized and (4) actual results may differ and such differences may be material. You agree that, if at any time prior to the later of the Closing Date and the Syndication Date, you become aware that any of the representations and warranties in the preceding sentence would be incorrect in any material respect if the Information and Projections were being furnished, and such representations were being made, at such time, then you will and, to the extent practical and appropriate and in all instances not in contravention of the terms of the Acquisition Agreement as in effect on October 17, 2017, you will use your commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Company to, promptly supplement the Information and the Projections so that such representations and warranties will be correct in all material respects under those circumstances. In arranging and syndicating the Facilities, the Lead Arrangers will be entitled to use and rely on the Information and the Projections without responsibility for independent verification thereof and do not assume responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the Information or Projections. For the avoidance of doubt, the accuracy of the representations set forth above is not a condition precedent to the commitments hereunder or the funding of the Facilities on the Closing Date.
You acknowledge that (a) we may make available the Information, the Projections and other customary marketing material (including the Confidential Information Memorandum) to a proposed syndicate of Lenders (other than Disqualified Lenders) by posting the Information, the Projections and such other materials on SyndTrak, IntraLinks or another similar electronic system (the “ Platform ”), in each case, subject to a market standard “click through” or similar confidentiality agreement (reasonably approved by you), and (b) certain Lenders (each, a “ Public Lender ”) may not wish to receive material non-public information, for the purpose of and as defined under applicable United States federal and state securities laws and regulations, with respect to you, the Company and your and its respective subsidiaries or the securities of any of the foregoing (“ material non-public information ”). At the request of the Lead Arrangers, you agree to use your commercially reasonable efforts to assist us in preparing an additional version of the Confidential Information Memorandum (the public-side version) to be used by Public Lenders that will include no material non-public information with respect to you, the Company, your and its respective subsidiaries or the securities of any of the foregoing for purposes of United States federal and state securities laws. It is understood that, in connection with the assistance described above, (i) to the extent reasonably requested by the Lead Arrangers, you agree to deliver, and to use your commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Company to deliver, a customary authorization letter to be included in each Confidential Information Memorandum ( provided that any representation in such authorization letter, other than with respect to the absence of material non-public information, will be substantially consistent with the representations set forth in the preceding paragraph of this Commitment Letter) that authorizes the distribution of such Confidential Information Memorandum to prospective Lenders (other than Disqualified Lenders) and confirms that the public-side version does not include material non-public information; (ii) each Confidential Information Memorandum will exculpate you, the Company and us and the respective affiliates of the foregoing with respect to any liability related to the use or misuse of the content of such Confidential Information Memorandum or any related marketing material by the recipients thereof; (iii) the public-side version of the Confidential Information Memorandum and information provided to Public Lenders may include the following information, except to the extent you notify us to the contrary (prior to their distribution) and provided that you have been given a reasonable opportunity to review such public-side version and information (prior to their distribution) and comply with U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission disclosure requirements: (A) drafts and final Facilities Documentation, related definitive documentation (if any) and customary marketing term sheets that have been approved by you, (B) administrative materials prepared by the Lead Arrangers for prospective Lenders (such as a lender meeting invitation, allocations and funding and closing memoranda) and (C) notification of changes in the terms of the Facilities; (iv) at our request, you agree to use your commercially reasonable efforts to identify information to be distributed to Public Lenders by clearly and conspicuously
 
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marking the same as “PUBLIC”; and (v) we will be entitled to treat any Information, Projections and other materials that are not specifically identified as “PUBLIC” as being suitable for posting only on the portion of the Platform not available to or accessible by Public Lenders.
 
5.	Fees .	
As consideration for the commitments of the Initial Lenders and the Lead Arrangers’ and other agents’ agreements to perform the services described herein, you agree to pay the fees set forth in the Amended and Restated Fee Letter dated the date hereof and delivered in connection with the Facilities (the “ Fee Letter ”) and the Agency Fee Letter dated the date hereof and delivered in connection with the Facilities (the “ Agency Fee Letter ” and, together with the Fee Letter, the “ Fee Letters ”). Once paid, such fees will not be refundable under any circumstances, except as otherwise contemplated by the Fee Letters or agreed in writing by the parties hereto.
 
6.	Conditions Precedent .	
Notwithstanding anything in the Commitment Papers, the Facilities Documentation or any other agreement or undertaking to the contrary, (x) the commitments of the Initial Lenders, the Lead Arrangers’ and other agents’ agreements to perform the services described herein and the availability and the funding of the Facilities on the Closing Date are subject to the satisfaction (or waiver by the Lead Arrangers) of only the conditions precedent set forth on Exhibit D (collectively, the “ Financing Conditions ”) and (y) the following provisions (collectively, the “ Certain Funds Provisions ”) will apply:
(i) the only representations and warranties that will be made on the Closing Date and the accuracy of which shall be a condition to the initial availability of the Facilities on the Closing Date will be the Acquisition Agreement Representations and the Specified Representations; provided that a failure of an Acquisition Agreement Representation to be true and correct shall not result in a failure of a condition to the initial availability of the Facilities on the Closing Date or a default under the Facilities Documentation, unless such failure results in a failure of a condition precedent to your (or your affiliates’) obligation to consummate the Acquisition pursuant to the terms of the Acquisition Agreement, or such failure gives you the right (taking into account any applicable cure provisions) to terminate your obligations under the Acquisition Agreement;
(ii) the terms of the Facilities Documentation and the Closing Deliverables will be subject to the Documentation Principles, and in any event will be in a form such that they do not impair the availability or funding of the Facilities on the Closing Date if the Financing Conditions are satisfied (or waived by the Lead Arrangers); it being understood that, to the extent any Collateral (including the creation, attachment or perfection of any security interest) is not or cannot be provided on the Closing Date after your use of your commercially reasonable efforts to do so without undue burden or expense (other than to the extent that a lien on such Collateral may be perfected by (i) the filing of a financing statement under the Uniform Commercial Code or (ii) to the extent such certificates are delivered in connection with the Refinancing, the delivery of certificated securities representing the equity interests in your wholly-owned material U.S. subsidiaries and, to the extent such certificates are delivered pursuant to the Acquisition Agreement, in the Company’s wholly-owned material U.S. subsidiaries) then the provision of any such Collateral and/or any such creation, attachment or perfection will not constitute a condition precedent to the availability or funding of any Facility on the Closing Date (and will not result in a default under any Facility), but may instead be provided within 90 days after the Closing Date pursuant to arrangements to be mutually agreed, subject to such extensions as are reasonably agreed by the applicable Administrative Agent); and
(iii) there are no conditions (implied or otherwise) to the commitments and agreements hereunder (including compliance with the terms of the Commitment Papers or the Facilities Documentation), other than the Financing Conditions, and upon satisfaction (or waiver by the Lead Arrangers) of the Financing Conditions, the Administrative Agent and the Initial Lenders will execute the Facilities Documentation to which it is a party for Facilities to be funded on the Closing Date and the initial funding under such Facilities will occur.
 
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“ Acquisition Agreement Representations ” means such of the representations and warranties made by or with respect to the Company and its subsidiaries in the Acquisition Agreement as are material to the interests of the Lenders, but only to the extent that you (or your affiliates) have the right (taking into account any applicable cure provisions) to terminate your (or their) obligations under the Acquisition Agreement as a result of a breach of such representations in the Acquisition Agreement or the failure of an Acquisition Agreement Representation to be true and correct results in a failure of a condition precedent to your (or your affiliates’) obligations to consummate the Acquisition in the Acquisition Agreement.
“ Specified Representations ” means the representations and warranties of you and your Loan Party subsidiaries set forth in the Facilities Documentation relating to their organizational existence, organizational power and authority (only as to execution, delivery and performance of the applicable Facilities Documentation and the extensions of credit thereunder), their due authorization, execution, delivery and enforceability (against them) of the applicable Facilities Documentation, solvency on a consolidated basis as of the Closing Date after giving effect to the Transactions (consistent with the solvency certificate attached as Exhibit E hereto), no conflicts of the Facilities Documentation with its organizational documents (only as to the entering into and performance of the Facilities Documentation), Federal Reserve margin regulations, the Investment Company Act and the Patriot Act, use of proceeds not violating applicable sanctions laws and anti-corruption laws, and creation, validity, attachment and perfection of security interests in the UCC Article 9 collateral required to be perfected on the Closing Date (subject to permitted liens (including liens permitted to remain outstanding following the Closing Date pursuant to the terms of the Acquisition Agreement) and the Certain Funds Provisions).
 
7.	Indemnification; Expenses .	
You agree to indemnify and hold harmless each Commitment Party and its affiliates and controlling persons and the respective officers, directors, employees, partners, agents and representatives of each of the foregoing and their successors and permitted assigns (each, an “ Indemnified Person ”) from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses, joint or several, to which any such Indemnified Person may become subject arising out of, resulting from or in connection with the Original Commitment Letter, the Original Fee Letter (as defined in the Fee Letter), the Original Fee Letter (as defined in the Agency Fee Letter), the Commitment Papers, the Transactions, the Facilities or the use of proceeds thereunder, or any claim, litigation, investigation or proceeding (each, an “ Action ”) relating to any of the foregoing, regardless of whether any such Indemnified Person is a party thereto, whether or not such Action is brought by you, your equity holders, affiliates, creditors or any other person, and to reimburse each such Indemnified Person, promptly after receipt of a written request, together with customary backup documentation in reasonable detail, for any reasonable legal expenses (limited to one counsel for all Indemnified Persons taken as a whole and, if reasonably necessary, a single local counsel for all Indemnified Persons taken as a whole in each relevant material jurisdiction (which may be a single local counsel acting in multiple jurisdictions) and, solely in the case of an actual or perceived conflict of interest between Indemnified Persons where the Indemnified Persons affected by such conflict inform you of such conflict, one additional primary counsel and one additional counsel in each relevant material jurisdiction to each group of affected Indemnified Persons similarly situated taken as a whole) and other reasonable and documented in reasonable detail out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with investigating or defending any of the foregoing; provided that the foregoing indemnity will not, as to any Indemnified Person, apply to losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses to the extent (a) resulting from the willful misconduct, bad faith or gross negligence of such Indemnified Person or any of its Related Indemnified Persons (as defined below), (b) arising from a material breach of the obligations of such Indemnified Person or any of its Related Indemnified Persons under the Commitment Papers or the Facilities Documentation (in the case of the preceding clauses (a) and (b) as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a final and non-appealable judgment), or (c) arising from any dispute among Indemnified Persons or Related Indemnified Persons of the foregoing other than any claims against any Commitment Party in its capacity or in fulfilling its role as an Initial Lender, Lead Arranger, Administrative Agent or other agent role under any Facility and other than any claims arising out of any act or omission on the part of you or any of your affiliates. Notwithstanding the foregoing, each Indemnified
 
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Person and Related Indemnified Party shall be obligated to refund and return promptly any and all amounts paid by you or any of your affiliates under this Section 7 to such Indemnified Person or such Related Indemnified Party, as applicable, for any such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses to the extent such Indemnified Person or such Related Indemnified Party, as applicable, is or was not entitled to payment of such amounts in accordance with the terms hereof as finally determined by a final, non-appealable judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Commitment Letter, except to the extent resulting from the willful misconduct, bad faith or gross negligence of (or material breach of the Commitment Papers by) such Indemnified Person or any of its Related Indemnified Persons (as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a final and non-appealable judgment), no Indemnified Person will be liable for any damages arising from the use by others of information or other materials obtained through electronic, telecommunications or other information transmission systems (including the Platform) and none of the Indemnified Persons, Related Indemnified Persons, you, your affiliates, the Company and/or its affiliates (or any of our, your or their respective directors, officers, employees, controlling persons, controlled affiliates or agents), will be liable for any indirect, special, punitive or consequential damages in connection with the Original Commitment Letter, the Original Fee Letter (as defined in the Fee Letter), the Original Fee Letter (as defined in the Agency Fee Letter), the Commitment Papers, the Facilities, the Transactions (including the Facilities and the use of proceeds thereunder), or with respect to any activities or other transactions related to the Facilities; provided that this sentence will not limit your indemnification or reimbursement obligations set forth herein to the extent such special, indirect, punitive or consequential damages are included in any third-party claim in connection with which such Indemnified Person is entitled to indemnification hereunder. You will not be liable for any settlement of any Action effected without your prior written consent (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), but, if settled with your prior written consent or if there is a final judgment in any such Actions, you agree to indemnify and hold harmless each Indemnified Person from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses by reason of such settlement or judgment in accordance with this Section 7. You will not, without the prior written consent of an Indemnified Person, effect any settlement of any Action in respect of which indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such Indemnified Person unless such settlement (i) includes an unconditional release of such Indemnified Person in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnified Person from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such Actions and (ii) does not include any statement as to any admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of such Indemnified Person.
It is further agreed that the Initial Lenders shall be liable in respect of their respective commitments to the Facilities, on a several, and not joint, basis with any other Initial Lender, and no Initial Lender shall be responsible for the commitment of any other Initial Lender.
For purposes hereof, a “ Related Indemnified Person ” of an Indemnified Person means (a) any controlling person or controlled affiliate of such Indemnified Person, (b) the respective directors, officers, or employees of such Indemnified Person or any of its controlling persons or controlled affiliates and (c) the respective agents of such Indemnified Person or any of its controlling persons or controlled affiliates, in the case of this clause (c), acting at the instructions of such Indemnified Person, controlling person or such controlled affiliate; provided that each reference to a controlled affiliate or controlling person in this sentence pertains to a controlled affiliate or controlling person involved in the negotiation or syndication of this Commitment Letter and the Facilities.
Upon and subject to the occurrence of the Closing Date and the initial funding of the Facilities, you agree to reimburse the Commitment Parties for their reasonable and documented in reasonable detail out-of-pocket expenses (including expenses of the Commitment Parties’ due diligence investigation, syndication expenses, travel expenses and reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of the single counsel to the Commitment Parties identified in the Term Sheets and, if reasonably necessary, of a single local counsel to the Commitment Parties in each relevant material jurisdiction, which may be a single local counsel acting in multiple jurisdictions), in each case, incurred solely in connection with the negotiation and preparation of the Original
 
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Commitment Letter, the Original Fee Letter (as defined in the Fee Letter), the Original Fee Letter (as defined in the Agency Fee Letter), this Commitment Letter, the Fee Letters, the Facilities Documentation and any related definitive documentation (collectively, the “ Expenses ”); provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, you will not be required to reimburse the Commitment Parties for any Expenses in the event the Closing Date does not occur. You acknowledge that we may receive a benefit, including without limitation, a discount, credit or other accommodation, from any of such counsel based on the fees such counsel may receive on account of their relationship with us including, without limitation, fees paid pursuant hereto.
 
8.	Sharing Information; Absence of Fiduciary Relationship; Affiliate Activities; Binding Obligations .	
You acknowledge that the Commitment Parties and their affiliates may be providing debt financing, equity capital or other services (including investment banking and financial advisory services, securities trading, hedging, financing and brokerage activities and financial planning and benefits counseling) to other companies in respect of which you or the Company and your and its respective affiliates may have conflicting interests. We will not furnish confidential information obtained from you by virtue of the transactions contemplated by this Commitment Letter or our other relationships with you to such other companies. You also acknowledge that we do not have any obligation to use in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Commitment Letter, or to furnish to you, confidential information obtained by us or any of our respective affiliates from such other companies.
You further acknowledge and agree that (a) no fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship between you and the Commitment Parties is intended to be or has been created in respect of any of the transactions contemplated by this Commitment Letter, irrespective of whether any such Commitment Party has advised or is advising you on other matters, (b) the Commitment Parties, on the one hand, and you, on the other hand, have an arm’s-length business relationship that does not directly or indirectly give rise to, nor do you rely on, any fiduciary duty on the part of the Commitment Parties, and you hereby agree, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that you will not assert any claim against any Commitment Party or any of its affiliates based on a breach of fiduciary duty or an alleged breach of fiduciary duty and agree that we will have no liability (whether direct or indirect) to you in respect of such a fiduciary duty claim or to any person asserting a fiduciary duty claim on your behalf, including equity holders, employees or creditors, (c) you are capable of evaluating and understanding, and you understand and accept, the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated by this Commitment Letter, (d) you have been advised that the Commitment Parties and their affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions that may involve interests that differ from your and your affiliates’ interests and that the Commitment Parties have no obligation to disclose such interests and transactions to you or your affiliates, (e) you have consulted your own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent you have deemed appropriate and (f) the Commitment Parties have been, are and will be acting solely as a principal and, except as otherwise expressly agreed in writing by the relevant parties, has not been, is not and will not be acting as an advisor, agent or fiduciary for you, any of your affiliates or any other person or entity. In addition, the Commitment Parties may employ the services of its affiliates in providing certain services hereunder and may exchange with such affiliates in connection therewith information concerning you and the Company, and such affiliates shall be entitled to the benefits afforded to, and subject to the obligations of (including, for the avoidance of doubt, those set forth in Section 12), the Commitment Parties under this Commitment Letter.
You further acknowledge that the Commitment Parties and their affiliates may be full service securities firms engaged in securities trading and brokerage activities as well as providing investment banking and other financial services. In the ordinary course of business, the Commitment Parties may provide investment banking and other financial services to, and/or acquire, hold or sell, for its own accounts and the accounts of customers, equity, debt and other securities and financial instruments (including bank loans and other obligations) of, you, the Company and your and its subsidiaries and other companies with which you, the Company, your or its subsidiaries may have commercial or other relationships. With respect to any securities and/or financial instruments so held by the Commitment Parties, their affiliates or any of their respective customers, all rights in respect of such securities and financial instruments, including any voting rights, will be exercised by the holder of the rights, in its sole discretion.
 
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You acknowledge and agree that we are not advising you as to any legal, tax, investment, accounting or regulatory matters in any jurisdiction. You shall consult with your own advisors concerning such matters and shall be responsible for making your own independent investigation and appraisal of the transactions contemplated hereby.
We represent and warrant that the Commitment Papers constitute our legally valid and binding obligation, including to provide services set forth herein and to fund the Facilities, in each case, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein and enforceable at law and in equity in accordance with their terms (subject to the effects of bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization and other similar laws relating to or affecting creditors’ rights generally and general principles of equity (whether considered in a proceeding in equity or law)); provided that it is acknowledged and agreed by each party hereto that the initial funding of the Facilities will be subject only to the Financing Conditions. You represent and warrant that the Commitment Papers constitute your legally valid and binding obligations, in each case, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein and enforceable at law and in equity against you in accordance with their terms (subject to the effects of bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization and other similar laws relating to or affecting creditors’ rights generally and general principles of equity (whether considered in a proceeding in equity or law)); provided that nothing contained in the Commitment Papers obligates you or any of your affiliates to consummate any Transaction or to draw upon all or any portion of the Facilities.
 
9.	Assignments; Amendments; Governing Law, Etc.	
This Commitment Letter and the commitments hereunder are not assignable (except any assignment that occurs as a matter of law pursuant to the Transactions or by you to the Company, any of its or your U.S. organized wholly owned subsidiaries, in each case, on or prior to the Closing Date) without the prior written consent of each other party hereto and any attempted assignment without such consent will be null and void; provided , that MLPFS may, without notice to Atlas and/or the Company, assign its rights and obligations under this Commitment Letter and the Fee Letter to any other registered broker-dealer wholly-owned by Bank of America Corporation to which all or substantially all of Bank of America Corporation’s or any of its subsidiaries’ investment banking, commercial lending services or related businesses may be transferred following the date of this Commitment Letter. The Commitment Letter and the commitments hereunder are intended to be solely for the benefit of the parties hereto (and Indemnified Persons), is not intended to confer any benefits upon, or create any rights in favor of, any person other than the parties hereto (and Indemnified Persons) and is not intended to create a fiduciary relationship among the parties hereto. Any and all services to be provided by the Commitment Parties hereunder may be performed by or through any of its affiliates or branches, and such affiliates and branches shall be entitled to the benefits afforded to, and will be subject to the obligations of (including, for the avoidance of doubt, those set forth in Section 12), the Commitment Parties under this Commitment Letter. Except as otherwise set forth herein, this Commitment Letter may not be amended or any provision hereof waived or modified except in a writing signed by the Commitment Parties and you. This Commitment Letter may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which will be an original and all of which, when taken together, will constitute one agreement. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Commitment Letter by facsimile or other electronic transmission (including in “.pdf” format) will be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart hereof. Section headings used herein are for convenience of reference only, are not part of this Commitment Letter and shall not affect the construction of, or to be taken into consideration in interpreting, this Commitment Letter. The Commitment Papers supersede all prior understandings, whether written or oral, among you and us with respect to the Facilities and set forth the entire understanding of the parties hereto with respect thereto. THIS COMMITMENT LETTER, AND ANY CLAIM, CONTROVERSY OR DISPUTE ARISING UNDER OR RELATING TO THIS COMMITMENT LETTER, SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED AND INTERPRETED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK; provided , however , that (a) the interpretation of the definition of Impax Material Adverse Effect (and whether or not an Impax Material Adverse Effect has occurred, including, for purposes of the Financing Conditions), (b) the determination of the accuracy of any Acquisition Agreement Representation and whether as a result of any inaccuracy of any Acquisition Agreement
 
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Representation there has been a failure of a condition to the Acquisition under the Acquisition Agreement (including, for purposes of the Financing Conditions) and (c) the determination of whether the Acquisition has been consummated in accordance with the terms of the Acquisition Agreement will, in each case, be governed by, and construed and interpreted in accordance with, the laws governing the Acquisition Agreement as applied to the Acquisition Agreement, without giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision or rule that would cause the application of laws of any other jurisdiction.
 
10.	WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL .	
EACH PARTY HERETO IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES THE RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION, PROCEEDING, CLAIM OR COUNTERCLAIM (WHETHER BASED UPON CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE) BROUGHT BY OR ON BEHALF OF ANY PARTY RELATED TO OR ARISING OUT OF THE ACQUISITION, THE TRANSACTIONS, THE COMMITMENT PAPERS OR THE PERFORMANCE BY US OR ANY OF OUR AFFILIATES OF THE SERVICES HEREUNDER OR THEREUNDER.
 
11.	Jurisdiction .	
Each party hereto hereby irrevocably and unconditionally (a) submits, for itself and its property, to the exclusive jurisdiction of any New York State court or Federal court of the United States of America sitting, in each case, in the Borough of Manhattan in the City of New York, and any appellate court from any such court, in any suit, action, proceeding, claim or counterclaim arising out of or relating to the Commitment Papers or the Transactions, or for recognition or enforcement of any judgment, and agrees that all claims in respect of any such suit, action, proceeding, claim or counterclaim will be heard and determined in such New York State court or, to the extent permitted by law, in such Federal court, (b) waives, to the fullest extent it may legally and effectively do so, any objection which it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any suit, action, proceeding, claim or counterclaim arising out of or relating to the Commitment Papers or the Transactions in any court in which such venue may be laid in accordance with clause (a) of this sentence, (c) waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the defense of an inconvenient forum to the maintenance of such suit, action, proceeding, claim or counterclaim in any such court and (d) agrees that a final judgment in any such action or proceeding will be conclusive and may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law. Service of any process, summons, notice or document by registered mail or overnight courier addressed to any of the parties hereto at the addresses above will be effective service of process against such party for any suit, action, proceeding, claim or counterclaim brought in any such court.
 
12.	Confidentiality .	
This Commitment Letter is delivered to you on the understanding that neither the Fee Letters nor the Commitment Letter, or their terms or substance, may be disclosed by you to any other person or entity, except (a) to your officers, directors, employees, affiliates, controlling persons, members, partners, equity holders, attorneys, accountants, representatives, agents and advisors on a confidential basis, (b) [reserved], (c) if the Commitment Parties consent in writing to such proposed disclosure, (d) that the Term Sheets and the existence of this Commitment Letter (but not this Commitment Letter or the contents of the Commitment Papers) may be disclosed to any rating agency in connection with the Transactions on a confidential basis or (e) pursuant to the order of any court or administrative agency in any pending legal or administrative proceeding, or otherwise as required by applicable law or regulation or as requested by a governmental authority (in which case you agree to inform us promptly thereof to the extent lawfully permitted to do so); provided that you may disclose (i) the Commitment Papers and the contents thereof to the Company and its officers, directors, employees, attorneys, accountants, representatives, agents and advisors on a confidential basis, (ii) the aggregate amount of the fees (including upfront fees and OID) payable under the Fee Letters as part of generic disclosure regarding sources and uses (but without disclosing any specific fees set forth therein) in connection with any syndication of the Facilities or other marketing efforts for debt to be used to finance the Transactions, (iii) the Fee Letters and the
 
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contents thereof to your auditors and your accounting and tax advisors and to the Company’s auditors and accounting and tax advisors on a confidential basis for accounting and tax purposes, (iv) the Commitment Papers to the extent reasonably necessary in connection with the enforcement of your rights hereunder or under the Fee Letters, (v) the Commitment Letter and its contents (but not the Fee Letters or the contents thereof) in any syndication of the Facilities or other marketing efforts for a financing of the Transactions, (vi) the Commitment Letter and its contents (but not the Fee Letters or the contents thereof) after your acceptance thereof or prior thereto to the extent that such information becomes publicly available other than by reason of improper disclosure by you in violation of any confidentiality obligations hereunder and/or (vii) as may be required pursuant to applicable securities laws (including in customary filings by the Company and any applicable proxy statements).
The Commitment Parties and their affiliates will use all confidential information provided to them or such affiliates by or on behalf of you and the contents of the Commitment Papers solely for the purpose of providing the services that are the subject of this Commitment Letter and will treat confidentially all such information and the Commitment Papers; provided that the foregoing will not prevent the Commitment Parties from disclosing any such information (a) pursuant to the order of any court or administrative agency or otherwise as required by applicable law or regulation or as requested by a governmental authority (in which case the applicable Commitment Party agrees to inform you promptly thereof to the extent lawfully permitted to do so, unless such Commitment Party is prohibited by applicable law from so informing you, or except in connection with any request as part of any governmental or regulatory audit or examination conducted by accountants or any governmental or regulatory authority exercising examination or regulatory authority), (b) upon the request or demand of any governmental or regulatory authority having jurisdiction over a Commitment Party or any of its affiliates (in which case the applicable Commitment Party agrees to inform you promptly thereof, unless such Commitment Party is prohibited by applicable law from so informing you, or except in connection with any request as part of any regulatory audit or examination conducted by bank accountants or any governmental bank regulatory authority exercising examination or regulatory authority), (c) to the extent that such information becomes publicly available other than by reason of improper disclosure by a Commitment Party or any of its affiliates in violation of any confidentiality obligations hereunder, (d) to the extent that such information is received by such Commitment Party from a third party that is not to such Commitment Party’s knowledge subject to confidentiality obligations to you, the Company or the Borrower, (e) to the extent that such information is independently developed by such Commitment Party without reliance on such information, (f) to such Commitment Party’s affiliates and its and their respective officers, directors, employees, legal counsel, independent auditors and other experts or agents who need to know such information in connection with the Transactions, are informed of the confidential nature of such information and are instructed to keep such information confidential, (g) except with respect to the Fee Letters and their contents, to bona fide prospective Lenders, participants or assignees or any bona fide potential counterparty (or its advisors) to any swap or derivative transaction relating to the Borrower or any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective obligations, in each case who agree to be bound by the terms of this paragraph (or language substantially similar to this paragraph) which agreement will be pursuant to customary syndication practice, (h) to ratings agencies, (i) to the extent reasonably necessary in connection with the enforcement of our rights hereunder or under the Fee Letters, (j) to market data collectors and similar service providers to the loan industry for league table purposes, information that is customarily provided to such collectors or providers or (k) if you give your prior written consent to such proposed disclosure, in your sole discretion; provided that (i) the disclosure of any such information to any Lenders, prospective Lenders, participants, prospective participants, assignees or prospective assignees or swap counterparties or potential swap counterparties pursuant to the preceding clauses (f) and (g) will be made subject to the acknowledgment and acceptance by such Lender or prospective Lender or participant or prospective participant that such information is being disseminated on a confidential basis (on substantially the terms set forth in this paragraph or as is otherwise reasonably acceptable to you and the Commitment Parties, including, without limitation, as agreed in any marketing materials) in accordance with the standard syndication processes of such Commitment Party or customary market standards for dissemination of such type of information, which shall in any event require “click through” or other affirmative actions on the part of the
 
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recipient to access such information and (ii) no such disclosure shall be to any person that is a Disqualified Lender on the date of such disclosure.
After the closing of the Transactions and at such Commitment Party’s expense, a Commitment Party may (i) after consultation with the Borrower, place advertisements in periodicals and on the Internet as it may choose and (ii) on a confidential basis, circulate promotional materials in the form of a “tombstone” or “case study” (and, in each case, otherwise describe the names of any of you or your affiliates and any other information about the Transactions, including the amount, type and closing date of the Facilities).
Our obligations under this Section 12 will automatically terminate and be superseded by the confidentiality provisions in the Facilities Documentation upon the execution and delivery of the Facilities Documentation and in any event our and your obligations under this Section 12 will terminate two years from October 17, 2017 ( provided that the foregoing will not apply to your obligations with respect to the contents of the Fee Letters).
 
13.	Surviving Provisions .	
The reimbursement (if applicable), indemnification, expense (if applicable), payment of fees (if applicable), confidentiality, syndication jurisdiction, venue, governing law, no agency or fiduciary duty and waiver of jury trial provisions contained in the Commitment Papers shall remain in full force and effect regardless of whether definitive financing documentation is executed and delivered and notwithstanding the termination of this Commitment Letter or the Initial Lenders’ commitments hereunder and the Lead Arrangers’ and other agents’ agreements to provide the services described herein; provided that your obligations under this Commitment Letter, other than Section 12 and Section 3 will automatically terminate and be superseded by the Facilities Documentation (with respect to indemnification, to the extent covered thereby) upon initial funding under the Facilities and the payment of all amounts owing at such time under the Commitment Papers.
 
14.	Patriot Act Notification .	
We hereby notify you that pursuant to the requirements of the USA Patriot Act, Title III of Pub. L. 107-56 (signed into law October 26, 2001) (the “ Patriot Act ”), each Commitment Party and each Lender is required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies the Borrower and each Guarantor, which information includes the name, address, tax identification number and other information regarding the Borrower and each Guarantor that will allow such Commitment Party or such Lender to identify the Borrower and each Guarantor in accordance with the Patriot Act. This notice is given in accordance with the requirements of the Patriot Act and is effective as to each Commitment Party, each Lender and each of their respective affiliates.
 
15.	Termination .	
In the event that the initial borrowing in respect of the Facilities does not occur on or prior to the date that is five business days after the Outside Date (as defined in the Acquisition Agreement in effect on October 17, 2017), or (if earlier) (a) the date on which the Acquisition Agreement has terminated in accordance with its terms and (b) the date of the consummation of the Acquisition (but not, for the avoidance of doubt, prior to the consummation thereof) with or without the funding of the Facilities, then this Commitment Letter and the commitments and undertakings of the Commitment Parties hereunder will automatically terminate unless the Commitment Parties, in their sole discretion, agree to an extension in writing. The termination of any commitment pursuant to this paragraph will not prejudice our or your rights and remedies in respect of any breach or repudiation of the Commitment Papers.
[Signature pages follow.]
 
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We are pleased to have this opportunity and we look forward to working with you on this transaction.

Very truly yours,	
	
JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.	
		
By:	 	       /s/ James A. Knight	
	 	Name: James A. Knight	
	 	Title: Executive Director	
 
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BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.
 	
By:	 	       /s/ Jae Lee	
	 	Name: Jae Lee	
	 	Title: Director	

MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INCORPORATED

By:	 	       /s/ Jae Lee	
	 	Name: Jae Lee	
	 	Title: Director	
 
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ROYAL BANK OF CANADA
 	
By:	 	       /s/ James S. Wolfe	
	 	Name: James S. Wolfe	
	 	Title: Managing Director; Head of Global Leveraged Finance	
 
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Accepted and agreed to as of
the date first written above:

AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS LLC

By:	 	  /s/ Chintu Patel	
	 	  Name: Chintu Patel	
	 	  Title: Manager	

By:	 	  /s/ Chirag Patel	
	 	  Name: Chirag Patel	
	 	  Title: Manager	

By:	 	  /s/ Tushar Patel	
	 	  Name: Tushar Patel	
	 	  Title: Manager	

By:	 	  /s/ Gautam Patel	
	 	  Name: Gautam Patel	
	 	  Title: Manager	
 
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CONFIDENTIAL	  	EXHIBIT A	
Project Apex
Transaction Description 1
It is intended that:
(a) Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ you ” or “ Atlas ”) will directly or indirectly acquire (the “ Acquisition ”) the company previously identified to us and code-named “K2” (the “ Company ”) pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of October 17, 2017, together with the schedules and exhibits thereto, among Atlas, the Company, Atlas Holdings, Inc. and K2 Merger Sub, Corporation, a copy of which was delivered to the Lead Arrangers (or their designee) on October 17, 2017 (as amended from time to time, the “ Acquisition Agreement ”);
(b) the Borrower will obtain:
(i) up to $500 million (or such lower amount as Atlas may request) in commitments under a senior secured asset based revolving credit facility (the “ ABL Facility ”) having the terms set forth in the Summary of Principal Terms and Conditions attached to this Commitment Letter as Exhibit B (the “ ABL Facility Term Sheet ”), and
(ii) $2,700 million (or such lower amount as Atlas may request) in aggregate principal amount of senior secured term loans (the “ Term Facility ”) having the terms set forth in the Summary of Principal Terms and Conditions attached to this Commitment Letter as Exhibit C (the “ Term Facility Term Sheet );
(c) the proceeds of the initial borrowing under the Facilities, and cash on hand at Atlas and its subsidiaries and the Company and its subsidiaries on the Closing Date will be applied on the Closing Date to finance the repayment of the debt (and termination of commitments thereunder and release of all liens and security interests related thereto) (collectively, the “ Refinancing ”):
(i) under that certain (1) Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2013 (as amended, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time) by, among others, you and Healthcare Financial Solutions, LLC (as successor in interest to General Electric Capital Corporation), as agent, and (2) Credit Agreement dated as of November 1, 2013 (as amended, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time) by, among others, you and Healthcare Financial Solutions, LLC (as successor in interest to General Electric Capital Corporation), as agent (such credit facilities, the “ Existing Atlas Credit Agreements ” and the credit facilities thereunder, the “ Existing Atlas Credit Facilities ”); and
(ii) of the Company and its subsidiaries with respect to which the Acquisition Agreement requires the delivery of a payoff letter (collectively, the “ Existing K2 Credit Facilities ” and together with the Existing Atlas Credit Facilities, the “ Existing Credit Facilities ”); and
(d) the Borrower or one or more of its affiliates shall undertake (or shall cause the Company to undertake) one or more Existing Notes LM Transactions; and
(e) pay fees, costs and expenses related to the Transactions (such fees, costs and expenses, the “ Transaction Costs ”).
The transactions described above, together with the transactions related thereto, are collectively referred to herein as the “ Transactions .”

1  	All capitalized terms used but not defined in this Exhibit  A have the meanings given to them in the Commitment Letter to which this Exhibit  A is attached, including the other Exhibits thereto. In the event any such capitalized term is subject to multiple and differing definitions, the appropriate meaning thereof in this Exhibit  A will be determined by reference to the context in which it is used.	
 
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The ABL Facility Term Sheet, the Term Facility Term Sheet and the Financing Conditions are collectively referred to herein as the “ Term Sheets ” and each a “ Term Sheet ”. The ABL Facility and the Term Facility are collectively referred to herein as the “ Facilities ” and each a “ Facility ”. The Term Sheets, which contain all material terms related to the Facilities, are the result of extensive negotiations among the parties hereto. For purposes of the Commitment Papers, “ Closing Date ” means the date on which the Financing Conditions are satisfied (or waived) and the initial funding under the Facilities is required to occur. All references to “dollars” and “$” are to the lawful currency of the United States of America.
 
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CONFIDENTIAL	  	EXHIBIT B	
Project Apex
$500,000,000 ABL Facility
Summary of Principal Terms and Conditions
Capitalized terms used but not defined in this Exhibit  B shall have the meanings set forth in the Commitment Letter to which this Exhibit  B is attached or the other Exhibits to the Commitment Letter.

Borrower :	  	Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC (the “ Borrower ”).	
		
Lead Arrangers and Bookrunners :	  	JPMCB, MLPFS and RBCCM (the “ Lead Arrangers ”).	
		
ABL Administrative Agent and ABL Collateral Agent :	  	JPMCB will act as the sole administrative agent and sole collateral agent (in such capacities, the “ ABL Administrative Agent ”) for the ABL Lenders.	
		
Additional Agents :	  	The Borrower may designate additional financial institutions to act as syndication agent, documentation agent or co-documentation agent.	
		
Transactions :	  	As described in Exhibit A to the Commitment Letter.	
		
Lenders :	  	JPMCB (or one of its affiliates), BANA (or one of its affiliates), Royal Bank (or one of its affiliates) and a syndicate of financial institutions and other lenders (the “ ABL Lenders ” and together with the Term Lenders, the “ Lenders ”) arranged by the Lead Arrangers and reasonably acceptable to the Borrower, excluding Disqualified Lenders.	
		
ABL Facility :	  	A senior secured asset based revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $500 million (the “ ABL Facility ”).	
		
	  	The commitment to make loans under the ABL Facility (the “ ABL Commitments ” and the loans thereunder, the “ ABL Loans ”) will be available to the Borrower in U.S. dollars.	
		
Swingline Facility : 1	  	The ABL Administrative Agent or another ABL Lender approved by the Borrower and the ABL Administrative Agent (in such capacity, the “ Swingline Lender ”) will make available to the Borrower a swingline facility in an amount to be mutually agreed under the ABL Facility under which the Borrower may make short-term borrowings in U.S. dollars (in minimum amounts and integral multiples consistent with the ABL Documentation Principles); provided that the Swingline Lender’s aggregate exposure under the ABL Facility (including loans made by it under the swingline facility) shall not exceed its commitment thereunder. Except for purposes of calculating the commitment fee described herein, any such swingline borrowings will reduce availability under the ABL Facility on a dollar-for-dollar basis. The ABL Lenders will be unconditionally obligated to purchase participations in any swingline loan pro rata based upon their commitments under the ABL Facility.
 
If any ABL Lender becomes a Defaulting Lender, then the swingline exposure of such Defaulting Lender will automatically be reallocated	

1  	At the Borrower’s option, the ABL Loan Documents will provide for same day base rate borrowing in lieu of swingline; provided that notice of request for such borrowings is received by 1:00 p.m. New York City time.	
 
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	  	among the non-Defaulting Lenders pro rata in accordance with their commitments under the ABL Facility up to an amount such that the revolving credit exposure of such non-Defaulting Lender does not exceed its commitment under the ABL Facility. In the event such reallocation does not fully cover the exposure of such Defaulting Lender, the Swingline Lender may require the Borrower to repay such “uncovered” exposure in respect of the swingline loans and will have no obligation to make new swingline loans to the extent such swingline loans would exceed the commitments of the non-Defaulting Lenders.	
		
Letters of Credit :	  	An amount to be mutually agreed (and in any event no less than $25 million) of the ABL Facility will be available to the Borrower in the form of letters of credit. Letters of credit will be issued by the ABL Administrative Agent and/or one or more other ABL Lenders selected by the Borrower and approved by the ABL Administrative Agent that agree to act in such capacity (in such capacity, the “ Issuing Banks ”). Each letter of credit will be denominated in U.S. dollars and will expire no later than the earlier of (a) twelve months after its date of issuance and (b) the fifth business day prior to the final maturity of the ABL Facility; provided , however , that any letter of credit may provide for renewal thereof for additional periods of up to twelve months or such longer period of time as may be agreed by the applicable Issuing Bank (which in no event shall extend beyond the date referred to in clause (b) above, except to the extent cash collateralized or backstopped pursuant to arrangements reasonably acceptable to the relevant Issuing Bank, provided that no ABL Lender will be required to fund participations in Letters of Credit after the maturity date applicable to its commitments).
 
Drawings under any Letter of Credit will be reimbursed by the Borrower (whether with its own funds or, if the conditions to such a borrowing are satisfied, with the proceeds of ABL Loans) within one business day after notice of such drawing is received by the Borrower from the applicable Issuing Bank. To the extent that the Borrower does not so reimburse the applicable Issuing Bank, the Lenders under the ABL Facility will be irrevocably and unconditionally obligated to fund participations in the reimbursement obligations on a pro rata basis in accordance with their commitments under such ABL Facility.
 
If any Lender under the ABL Facility becomes a defaulting lender, then the letter of credit exposure of such defaulting lender will automatically be reallocated among the non- defaulting lenders pro rata in accordance with their commitments under the ABL Facility up to an amount such that the revolving credit exposure of each such non-defaulting lender does not exceed its commitment. In the event that such reallocation does not fully cover the letter of credit exposure of the applicable defaulting lender, the applicable Issuing Bank may require the Borrower to cash collateralize (in an amount to be agreed with the applicable Issuing Bank, but in no event to exceed 105% of the outstanding amount of the applicable outstanding letters of credit) such “uncovered” exposure in respect of each outstanding letter of credit and will have no obligation to issue new letters of credit, or to extend, renew or amend existing letters of credit to the extent letter of credit	
 
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	  	exposure would exceed the commitments of the non-defaulting lenders, unless such “uncovered” exposure is cash collateralized to the applicable Issuing Bank’s reasonable satisfaction (in an amount to be agreed with the applicable Issuing Bank, but in no event to exceed 105% of the outstanding amount of the applicable outstanding letters of credit).	
		
Incremental ABL Facilities :	  	The Facilities Documentation for the ABL Facility (the “ ABL Loan Documents ”) will permit the Borrower from time to time, on one or more occasions, to increase commitments under the ABL Facility (any such increase, an “ Incremental ABL Facility ”); provided that the aggregate principal amount of all such increases does not exceed the sum of (i) $200 million and (ii) the difference between (x) $500 million and (y) the ABL Commitments as of the Closing Date; provided, further , that (i) no event of default (or, in the case of a Permitted Acquisition or other permitted investment, no payment or bankruptcy event of default) under the ABL Facility has occurred and is continuing or would exist after giving effect thereto or, in the case of a Limited Condition Transaction, at the Borrower’s option, at the time of execution of a definitive acquisition agreement, (ii) any Incremental ABL Facility will be on the same terms and pursuant to documentation applicable to (and will form a part of), the ABL Facility, as provided for pursuant to the ABL Documentation Principles, except with respect to any commitment, arrangement, upfront or similar fees that may be agreed to among the Borrower and the lenders providing such Incremental ABL Facility and (iii) all representations and warranties in the ABL Loan Documents shall be true and correct in all material respects on and as of the date of incurrence of the Incremental ABL Facility (or, if any such representations or warranties are qualified by materiality, material adverse effect or similar language, be true and correct in all respects).
 
The Borrower may seek commitments in respect of the Incremental ABL Facilities from existing ABL Lenders (each of which shall be entitled to agree or decline to participate in its sole discretion) and/or additional banks, financial institutions and other institutional lenders who will become ABL Lenders in connection therewith (an “ ABL Additional Lender ”); provided that the ABL Administrative Agent, the Swingline Lender and the Issuing Bank will have consent rights (not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed) with respect to such ABL Additional Lender, if such consent would be required for an assignment of loans or commitments under the ABL Facility, as applicable, to such ABL Additional Lender.	
		
Purpose :	  	The letters of credit and proceeds of loans under the ABL Facility may be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes, including the financing of Permitted Acquisitions and other permitted investments and permitted dividends and any other use not prohibited by the ABL Loan Documents.	
		
Availability :	  	On the Closing Date, at the option of the Borrower, ABL Loans (exclusive of letter of credit usage) will be made available in an amount that, in the aggregate, will not exceed $100 million plus amounts (i) for	
 
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	  	replacing and/or backstopping existing letters of credit and refinancing any revolving facilities of Atlas and its subsidiaries and/or the Company and its subsidiaries and (ii) to fund any OID or fees pursuant to the “market flex” provisions in the Fee Letter.
 
Additionally, letters of credit may be issued on the Closing Date in order to backstop or replace letters of credit outstanding on the Closing Date under facilities no longer available to Atlas or any of its subsidiaries and/or the Company or any of its subsidiaries as of the Closing Date (and if the issuer of such letters of credit becomes an ABL Lender under the ABL Facility, such existing letters of credit may be deemed letters of credit outstanding under the ABL Facility).
 
Otherwise, ABL Loans will be available at any time prior to the final maturity of the ABL Facility, in minimum principal amounts to be agreed upon. Amounts repaid under the ABL Facility may be reborrowed.	
		
ABL Documentation Principles :	  	The definitive documentation for the ABL Facility will (a) initially be prepared by counsel to the Borrower, (b) contain the terms and conditions set forth in this Exhibit B, (c) reflect the operational and strategic requirements of the Borrower and its subsidiaries, (d) be consistent with the proposed business plan and the model delivered to the Lead Arrangers on October 6, 2017 (the “ Model ”), (e) be based on, and no less favorable to, the Company and its subsidiaries than the documentation for the Term Facility set forth on Exhibit C ( provided that terms specific to asset based revolving facilities will be based on and in no event less favorable to the Borrower and its subsidiaries than those set forth in the asset based facility for the company identified to you as “Mariposa”), taking into account differences in the industry of the borrower under such facility, (f) include customary “EU bail-in” provisions, (g) contain those covenant “baskets” and exceptions set forth in the documentation for the Term Facility as modified herein, (h) be modified to accommodate the reasonable operational and agency guidelines and practices of the ABL Administrative Agent and changes in law and accounting standards and (i) be negotiated in good faith. The foregoing is referred to herein, collectively, as the “ ABL Documentation Principles ”. The ABL Loan Documents will, subject to the “flex” provisions contained in the Fee Letter (which “flex” provisions shall not include any changes to the conditions to borrowing on the Closing Date), contain only those payment provisions, conditions to borrowing, mandatory prepayments, representations and warranties, covenants, events of default and guarantee and collateral provisions expressly set forth in this Exhibit B , in each case, applicable to, the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries and with standards, qualifications, thresholds, exceptions, “baskets” and grace and cure periods consistent with the ABL Documentation Principles.	
		
Borrowing Base :	  	The borrowing base (the “ Borrowing Base ”) at any time shall equal the sum of:
 
(a) 85.0% of the Borrower’s and the ABL Guarantors’ eligible accounts receivables, plus	
 
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(b) the lesser of:
 
(i) 70.0% of the Borrower’s and the ABL Guarantors’ eligible inventory valued at cost on a FIFO basis and
 
(ii) 85% of the net orderly liquidation value of the Borrower’s and the ABL Guarantors’ eligible inventory valued at the lower of cost or market on a FIFO basis, plus
 
(c) 100.0% of Eligible Borrowing Base Cash, minus
 
(d) customary reserves (as described below).
 
Eligibility criteria for eligible inventory and eligible accounts receivable shall be set forth in the ABL Loan Documents in a manner consistent with the ABL Documentation Principles.
 
The Borrowing Base will be computed by the Borrower monthly (or more frequently as the Borrower may elect; provided that if such election is exercised, the Borrower will compute the Borrowing Base on such more frequent interval until the date that is 30 days after the date of such election), and a certificate (the “ Borrowing Base Certificate ”) presenting the Borrower’s computation of the Borrowing Base will be delivered to the ABL Administrative Agent promptly, but in no event later than the 20th calendar day following the end of each calendar month; provided, however , that if Excess Availability (as defined below) under the ABL Facility is less than the greater of (i) $75.0 million and (ii) 30% of the lesser of (A) the aggregate commitments at such time and (B) the Borrowing Base (the lesser of (A) and (B), the “ Line Cap ”) for five consecutive business days (a “ Weekly Borrowing Base Event ”), the Borrower will be required to compute the Borrowing Base and deliver a Borrowing Base Certificate on a weekly basis until the date on which Excess Availability under the ABL Facility has been at least the greater of (i) $75.0 million and (ii) 30% of the Line Cap for at least thirty consecutive calendar days. All references in this paragraph that refer to the Borrowing Base prior to the earlier of (x) delivery of the first Borrowing Base Certificate and (y) the Initial Borrowing Base Date (as defined below), shall be deemed to refer to the Modified Borrowing Base.
 
The ABL Administrative Agent will have the right to establish and modify reserves against the Borrowing Base assets in its Permitted Discretion with 5 business days prior written notice to the Borrower. As used herein, “ Permitted Discretion ” means the ABL Administrative Agent’s reasonable credit judgment (from the perspective of an asset-based lender) in establishing reserves, exercised in good faith in accordance with customary business practices for similar asset based lending facilities, based upon its consideration of any factor that it reasonably believes (i) could materially adversely affect the quantity, quality, mix or value of Collateral (including any applicable laws that may inhibit collection of a receivable), the enforceability or priority of the ABL Administrative Agent’s liens thereon, or the amount that the ABL Administrative Agent, the ABL Lenders or the Issuing Banks could receive in liquidation of any Collateral; (ii) that any collateral report or financial information delivered by the Borrower or any	
 
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	  	Guarantor is incomplete, inaccurate or misleading in any material respect; or (iii) creates an event of default. In exercising such judgment, the ABL Administrative Agent may consider any factors that could materially increase the credit risk of lending to the Borrower on the security of the Collateral. Any reserve established or modified by the ABL Administrative Agent shall have a reasonable relationship to circumstances, conditions, events or contingencies which are the basis for such reserve, as reasonably determined, without duplication, by the ABL Administrative Agent in good faith; provided that circumstances, conditions, events or contingencies existing or arising prior to the Initial Borrowing Base Date and, in each case, disclosed in writing in any field examination or appraisal delivered to the ABL Administrative Agent in connection herewith or otherwise known to the ABL Administrative Agent, in either case, prior to the Initial Borrowing Base Date, shall not be the basis for any establishment of any reserves after the Initial Borrowing Base Date, unless such circumstances, conditions, events or contingencies shall have changed in a material respect since the Initial Borrowing Base Date.
 
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, (a) the amount of any such reserve of change shall have a reasonable relationship to the event, condition or other matter that is the basis for such reserve or such change, (b) no reserves or changes already accounted for through eligibility criteria (including collection/advance rates) shall be imposed and (c) no reserves shall be imposed on the first 5% of dilution of accounts receivable and thereafter no dilution reserve shall exceed 1% for each incremental whole percentage in dilution over 5%; provided that dilution reserves may reflect fractional percentages in dilution.
 
“ Specified Default ” means any payment or bankruptcy event of default, a failure to deliver any required Borrowing Base certificate (following a five business day grace period), any event of default arising from breach of the cash management provisions (following a two business day grace period) or an event of default arising from a breach of the ABL Financial Covenant.
 
For the period from the Closing Date until the 90th day after the Closing Date (or such earlier date as the Borrower may elect after delivery of a satisfactory field examination and inventory appraisal or such later date as may be agreed to by the ABL Administrative Agent) (such date, the “ Initial Borrowing Base Date ”), the Borrowing Base will be deemed to be the greater of (x) $250 million and (y) 70% of the ABL Commitments on the Closing Date (the “ Modified Borrowing Base ”).	
		
Interest Rates and Fees :	  	As set forth on Annex I hereto.	
		
Final Maturity and Amortization :	  	The ABL Facility will mature, and the ABL Commitments thereunder will terminate, on the fifth (5 th ) anniversary of the Closing Date. The ABL Facility will have no amortization	
		
Guarantees :	  	All obligations of the Borrower under the ABL Facility and of the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries under any interest rate	
 
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	  	protection or other hedging arrangements identified by the Borrower and entered into with a Person that is the ABL Administrative Agent or a Lender or any affiliate of any such Administrative Agent or Lender at the time of entering into such arrangements, or if later, on the Closing Date and has been identified by the Borrower to the ABL Administrative Agent (collectively, the “ ABL Hedging Arrangements ”) and cash management arrangements identified by the Borrower and entered into with a Person that is the ABL Administrative Agent or a Lender or any affiliate of any such Administrative Agent or Lender at the time of entering into such arrangements, or if later, on the Closing Date and has been identified by the Borrower to the ABL Administrative Agent (collectively, the “ ABL Cash Management Arrangements ” and, together with the ABL Hedging Arrangements, the “ Secured Agreements ”), will be unconditionally guaranteed jointly and severally on a senior secured basis (the “ ABL Guarantees ”) by each existing and subsequently acquired or organized wholly-owned material U.S. subsidiary of the Borrower other than Excluded Subsidiaries (the “ ABL Guarantors ” and, collectively with the Borrower, the “ Loan Parties ”); provided that any such guarantees will not be required to the extent it would result in material adverse tax consequences as reasonably determined by the Borrower in consultation with the ABL Administrative Agent or if prohibited or restricted by applicable law or binding contractual obligation existing on the Closing Date or at the time of the acquisition of the applicable subsidiary (and not created in anticipation of such acquisition), including any requirement to obtain the consent of any governmental authority or third party.
 
Entities with respect to which the Borrower, directly or indirectly, owns 50% or less of the voting equity interests will not be subsidiaries of the Borrower.
 
For the avoidance of doubt, the “Loan Parties” will not include the Company or any of its subsidiaries until the Acquisition has been consummated.
 
The ABL Loan Documents will include customary exclusions for Guarantors that are not “eligible contract participants” (as defined in the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. section 1 et seq., as amended from time to time) and any successor statute) and customary provisions regarding qualified “keepwell” with respect to guaranties of Secured Agreements.	
		
Security :	  	Subject to the Certain Funds Provisions, obligations of the Loan Parties in respect of the ABL Facility, the ABL Guarantees and the Secured Agreements (collectively, the “ ABL Secured Obligations ”) will be secured by a first priority security interest (subject to permitted liens) in substantially all personal property of the Borrower and the ABL Guarantors consisting of all accounts receivable, inventory, cash and cash equivalents, deposit accounts, securities and commodity accounts (other than the accounts in which net cash proceeds from the sale of non-ABL Priority Collateral are deposited pending reinvestment and which is subject to a first priority security interest in favor of the Term	
 
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	  	Loan Administrative Agent and the Term Lenders pursuant to the Term Facility and any other Excluded Accounts (as defined below)), documents of title and records related to the foregoing (but excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, intellectual property and general intangibles and certain other related assets evidencing, governing, securing or otherwise relating to the foregoing) and, in each case, proceeds thereof (other than the Excluded Assets (as defined in the Term Loan Documents), the “ ABL Priority Collateral ”) and (b) a perfected second priority security interest in the Collateral (other than the ABL Priority Collateral and the Excluded Assets). The pledges of and security interests in the Collateral granted by the Borrower and each ABL Guarantor shall secure the ABL Secured Obligations.
 
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth above, the Loan Parties shall not be required, nor shall the ABL Administrative Agent be authorized, to perfect the above-described security interests by any means other than by (i) filings pursuant to the Uniform Commercial Code in the office of the secretary of state (or similar central filing office) of the relevant State(s), (ii) filings in United States government offices with respect to intellectual property as expressly required in the Facilities Documentation, (iii) control agreements solely as described under the first paragraph under the section entitled “Cash Management and Cash Dominion” below or (iv) subject to the Intercreditor Agreement, delivery to the applicable Administrative Agent to be held in its possession of all Collateral consisting of intercompany notes, stock certificates and other instruments, each case constituting Collateral and as expressly required in the Facilities Documentation (and other actions required to perfect the above-described security interests due to a change in law and reasonably agreed between the Borrower and the ABL Administrative Agent).
 
In addition, (a) except as described under the first paragraph under the section entitled “Cash Management and Cash Dominion” below, control agreements shall not be required with respect to any deposit accounts, securities accounts, commodities accounts or uncertificated securities and no perfection actions shall be required with respect to (i) motor vehicles and other assets subject to certificates of title, (ii) letter of credit rights, except to the extent constituting a support obligation for other Collateral as to which perfection is accomplished solely by the filing of a UCC financing statement or equivalent (it being understood that no actions shall be required to perfect a security interest in letter of credit rights, other than the filing of a UCC financing statement or equivalent), (iii) commercial tort claims with a value of less than an amount to be agreed and (iv) promissory notes evidencing debt for borrowed money in a principal amount of less than an amount to be agreed, (b) share certificates of immaterial subsidiaries shall not be required to be delivered, (c) no actions with respect to any assets located outside of the United States or in any non-U.S. jurisdiction or required by the laws of any non-U.S. jurisdiction will be required to be taken to create any security interests or to perfect or make enforceable any security interests in any such assets (it being understood that there shall be no security agreements or pledge agreements governed under the laws of any non-U.S. jurisdiction) and (d) no landlord lien waivers,	
 
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	  	estoppels or collateral access letters will be required. The ABL Loan Documents will provide that “fair market value” will be determined by the Borrower in good faith and if supported by an opinion of a reputable valuation or investment banking firm shall be conclusive.
 
Notwithstanding the foregoing, assets will be excluded from the Collateral in circumstances where the applicable Administrative Agent determines in consultation with the Borrower that the costs of obtaining, perfecting or maintaining a security interest in such assets exceed the fair market value thereof or the practical benefit to the Lenders afforded (or proposed to be afforded) thereby. Liens on assets that are transferred in a permitted transaction to a Person that is not (and is not required to be) a Loan Party under the ABL Loan Documents and liens on any assets held by an Excluded Subsidiary (or any Person that becomes an Excluded Subsidiary in a transaction not prohibited by the ABL Loan Documents) or on assets that are Excluded Assets shall be automatically released. The ABL Administrative Agent shall execute such acknowledgments and releases reasonably acceptable to it as the Borrower may reasonably request in connection with any such release, and the ABL Administrative Agent shall be entitled to rely exclusively on an officer’s certificate of the Borrower when executing any such acknowledgment or release. Any execution and delivery of documents pursuant to such a release shall be without recourse to or warranty by the ABL Administrative Agent and at the Borrower’s expense, in accordance with the Documentation Principles.	
		
Intercreditor Agreement :	  	The relative rights and priorities in the Collateral for the secured parties in (a) the ABL Facility and (b) the Term Facility will be set forth in a customary intercreditor agreement as between the collateral agent for the Term Facility, on the one hand, and the collateral agent for the ABL Facility, on the other hand (the “ Intercreditor Agreement ”); provided that the Intercreditor Agreements will be substantially consistent with, and no less favorable to the Borrower than, the Intercreditor Agreement entered into in connection with the “Mariposa” transaction but shall take into account the Documentation Principles.	
		
Cash Management and Cash Dominion :	  	The Borrower and the ABL Guarantors will use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain account control agreements on all depository accounts (“ DDAs ”) and securities accounts of the Borrower and the ABL Subsidiary Guarantors (excluding accounts that are (i) solely used for payroll, taxes, wages and benefits, (ii) disbursement accounts, (iii) zero balance accounts, (iv) trust accounts, (v) other accounts with funds on deposit averaging less than an amount to be agreed for any single account or an amount to be agreed in the aggregate for all such accounts, (vi) swept at the end of each Business Day into another account in the name of, or subject to a customary blocked account control agreement (shifting control) in favor of the ABL Administrative Agent, in each case with standing wire instructions and (vii) accounts holding Term Priority Collateral or the proceeds thereof (collectively, “ Excluded Accounts ”) as soon as possible and in any event within 120 days after the Closing Date (or such later date as the ABL Administrative Agent shall agree). If such	
 
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	  	arrangements are not obtained within 120 days after the Closing Date (or such later date as the ABL Administrative Agent shall reasonably agree), the Borrower and the ABL Guarantors shall be required to move their bank accounts to the ABL Administrative Agent or another bank that will provide such control agreements. During a Cash Dominion Period (as defined below), all amounts in controlled DDAs will be swept into a collection account (or accounts) maintained with the ABL Administrative Agent and used to repay borrowings under the ABL Facility, subject to customary exceptions, limitations and thresholds to be agreed in accordance with the ABL Documentation Principles.
 
“Cash Dominion Period ” means (a) the period from the date that Excess Availability shall have been less than the greater of (x) 10.0% of the Line Cap and (y) $25.0 million for five consecutive business days to the date Excess Availability shall have been at least the greater of (x) 10.0% of the Line Cap and (y) $25.0 million for thirty consecutive calendar days or (b) upon the occurrence of a Specified Default, the period that such Specified Default shall be continuing.
 
“ Excess Availability ” shall mean, at any time, the difference of (a) the Line Cap at such time minus (b) the sum of (i) aggregate principal amount of all ABL Loans and swingline loans then outstanding, (ii) the maximum aggregate stated amounts of all then-outstanding letters of credit and (iii) all amounts drawn but unreimbursed under letters of credit at such time, in each case under the ABL Facility.
 
“ Eligible Borrowing Base Cash ” shall mean the amount of unrestricted cash of the Borrower and the ABL Guarantors at such time to the extent held in U.S. dollars in investment or depository accounts (a) with the ABL Administrative Agent or (b) with Lenders and subject to a customary account control agreement (shifting control) in favor of, the ABL Administrative Agent; provided that if the Borrowing Base includes Eligible Borrowing Base Cash, each borrowing notice shall include the amount of Eligible Borrowing Base Cash as of the close of business on the business day prior to the date of such notice. The Borrower shall be required to report the amount of Eligible Borrowing Base Cash held with institutions other than the ABL Administrative Agent to the ABL Administrative Agent on a bi-weekly basis (or, at any time that no loans are then outstanding and the aggregate stated amounts of all then-outstanding letters of credit is less than an amount to be agreed, on a monthly basis).	
		
Mandatory Prepayments :	  	If at any time, the aggregate amount of outstanding ABL Loans, unreimbursed letter of credit drawings and undrawn letters of credit under the ABL Facility exceeds the Line Cap, then the Borrower will within three business days repay outstanding ABL Loans and cash collateralize outstanding letters of credit in an aggregate amount equal to such excess, with no reduction of the ABL Commitments.
 
Following the occurrence and during the continuation of a Cash Dominion Period, all cash receipts (with exceptions to be agreed in the ABL Loan Documentation) will be promptly applied by the ABL Administrative Agent to repay outstanding ABL Loans and, if an event	
 
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	  	of default exists and the Required Lenders so direct, to cash collateralize outstanding Letters of Credit.	
		
Voluntary Prepayments/Reductions in Commitments :	  	Voluntary reductions of the unutilized portion of the ABL Commitments and voluntary prepayments of borrowings under the ABL Facility will be permitted at any time, in minimum principal amounts consistent with the ABL Documentation Principles, without premium or penalty, subject to reimbursement of the ABL Lenders’ redeployment costs actually incurred in the case of a prepayment of Adjusted LIBOR borrowings other than on the last day of the relevant interest period.	
		
Limited Condition Transactions :	  	The ABL Loan Documents will include limited condition transaction provisions substantially consistent with those set forth in the Term Loan Documents.	
		
Representations and Warranties :	  	Subject to the Certain Funds Provisions and limited to the representations and warranties (to be applicable to the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries only and as qualified by disclosure schedules to be delivered by the Borrower on the Closing Date containing information necessary to make such representations and warranties accurate and complete on the Closing Date) expressly set forth in the Term Facility Term Sheet, with only corresponding changes to reference and reflect the ABL Facility (and in any event no less favorable to the Borrower and its subsidiaries than those set forth in the Term Loan Documents).	
		
Conditions Precedent to Initial Borrowing on the Closing Date :	  	Limited to the Financing Conditions (including and subject to the Certain Funds Provisions).	
		
Conditions Precedent to Each Borrowing after the Closing Date :	  	After the Closing Date, subject to any LCA Election rights, the making of each extension of credit under the ABL Facility shall be conditioned upon (a) delivery of a customary borrowing/issuance notice, (b) the making and accuracy of representations and warranties in all material respects (or, if any such representations or warranties are qualified by materiality, material adverse effect or similar language, they shall be true and correct in all respects), (c) the absence of defaults or events of default and (d) availability under the Borrowing Base.	
		
Affirmative Covenants :	  	Limited to the affirmative covenants expressly set forth in the Term Facility Term Sheet (to be applicable to the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries only), with only corresponding changes to reference the ABL Facility and to (x) add the requirements set forth above (i) to deliver the Borrowing Base Certificates, (ii) financial covenant compliance certificates and (iii) in the first paragraph under “Cash Management and Cash Dominion”. In addition, the ABL Administrative Agent may conduct up to one (1) field examination and one (1) inventory appraisal (each at the expense of the Borrower) during any calendar year (with an additional field exam and inventory appraisal during the same calendar year, in each case, at the expense of the Lenders or Administrative Agent); provided that (i) at any time after the date on which Specified Excess Availability has been less than	
 
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	  	the greater of (x) $37.5 million and (y) 15% of the Line Cap for five consecutive business days, field examinations and inventory appraisals may each be conducted (at the expense of the Borrower) two (2) times during such calendar year or (ii) at any time during the continuation of a Specified Default, field examinations and inventory appraisals, may be conducted (at the expense of the Borrower) as frequently as reasonably determined by the ABL Administrative Agent in its Permitted Discretion.	
		
Negative Covenants :	  	Limited to the following (to be applicable to the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries and subject to the ABL Documentation Principles):
 
(a) liens securing indebtedness with baskets for (i) liens (other than liens securing a securitization with accounts receivable, inventory and proceeds) securing (1)  pari passu first lien debt subject to a pro forma First Lien Net Leverage Ratio of no greater than the Closing Date First Lien Net Leverage Ratio or such ratio prior to such lien’s attachment and (2) junior lien debt subject to a Total Net Leverage Ratio of no greater than the Closing Date Total Net Leverage Ratio or such ratio prior to such lien’s attachment, in each case calculated on a pro forma basis and excluding the cash proceeds of such proposed debt for netting purposes; (ii) a general basket equal to $225 million; (iii) liens on the Collateral securing the other Facilities (including Incremental Facilities, Incremental ABL Facilities, Incremental Equivalent Debt and any permitted refinancing thereof); (iv) liens on assets of non-Loan Party subsidiaries; (v) liens on assets that do not constitute Collateral, not in excess of an amount to be agreed; (vi) other baskets and exceptions consistent with the ABL Documentation Principles or as otherwise agreed by the Borrower and the Lead Arrangers;
 
(b) investments with baskets for (i) loans and advances to officers, directors and employees (x) to acquire equity in the Borrower or any parent thereof or for other customary purposes (e.g. travel, entertainment, relocation) and (y) otherwise not in excess of $20 million outstanding; (ii) investments in connection with the Transactions, (iii) investments in restricted subsidiaries (including entities that become restricted subsidiaries in connection with such investment), with a cap on investments in non-Loan Parties in an amount to be agreed; (iv) investments in unrestricted subsidiaries and similar business investments in an amount not to exceed $160 million; (v) a general basket equal to $320 million; (vi) Permitted Acquisitions; (vii) unlimited investments (including Permitted Acquisitions) when the Payment Conditions are satisfied; and (viii) other baskets and exceptions consistent with the ABL Documentation Principles or as otherwise agreed by the Borrower and the Lead Arrangers);
 
(c) debt with baskets for (i) contribution indebtedness (at 2x the aggregate cash or fair market value contributed); (ii) Ratio Debt (as defined below); (iii) capital lease/purchase money debt of $160 million without regard to any capital leases or purchase money indebtedness scheduled on the Closing Date; (iv) non-Loan Party debt equal to $160 million plus additional amounts in the form of working capital or	
 
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	  	other local lines of credit so long as not secured by Collateral and non-recourse to the Loan Parties; (v) cash collateralized letters of credit; (vi) non-speculative hedging arrangements and cash management arrangements; (vii) any indebtedness of the Company incurred or issued prior to the Closing Date which remains outstanding and is permitted to remain outstanding under the Acquisition Agreement; (ix) indebtedness arising from agreements providing for adjustments of purchase price or “earn outs” entered into in connection with acquisitions, (x) debt incurred and/or assumed in connection with a Permitted Acquisition or other permitted investment (subject in the case of (1) any such incurred debt only to the requirements applicable to the incurrence of Ratio Debt or (2) any such assumed debt only, that such assumed debt is not created in anticipation of such acquisition or investment), with a cap on such debt of non-Loan Parties in an amount to be agreed; (xi) the Facilities (including Incremental Facilities, Incremental ABL Facilities, Incremental Equivalent Debt and any permitted refinancing thereof); (xii) Refinancing Facilities; (xiii) a general basket equal to $225 million; (xiv) additional unsecured unlimited amounts with respect to indebtedness maturing outside the ABL Facility subject to the satisfaction of the Payment Conditions on a pro forma basis; and (xv) other baskets and exceptions consistent with the ABL Documentation Principles or as otherwise agreed by the Borrower and the Lead Arrangers;
 
(d) fundamental changes (which shall permit unlimited permitted investments consummated as mergers or consolidations in accordance with the Documentation Principles);
 
(e) dispositions, with a basket for (i) unlimited dispositions (the “ General Dispositions Basket ”) subject to receipt of fair market value and 75% cash or cash equivalent consideration (subject to exceptions to be set forth in the ABL Loan Documents, which will include a basket of an amount to be agreed for non-cash consideration that may be designated as cash consideration); provided, that if the disposition of assets pursuant to clause (i) decreases the Borrowing Base by $25 million or more (after giving effect thereto), the Borrower shall deliver a pro forma Borrowing Base Certificate on or prior to the date of such sale (or such later date as the Administrative Agent may agree), (ii) dispositions in connection with licensing of intellectual property to non-guarantor restricted subsidiaries in connection with bona fide tax planning purposes as determined in good faith by the Borrower), (iii) a de minimis basket for dispositions of property with a fair market value less than $10 million per transaction or series of related transactions or $50 million in the aggregate in any fiscal year and (iv) other baskets and exceptions consistent with the ABL Documentation Principles or as otherwise agreed by the Borrower and the Lead Arrangers;
 
(f) restricted payments, with baskets for (i) equity buybacks upon death, disability or termination (etc.) subject to a cap of $30 million per fiscal year with rollover of unused amounts to subsequent calendar years; (ii) other equity redemptions up to $25 million per fiscal year; (iii) tax distributions equal to the Borrower’s taxable income (determined, if the Borrower is a disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes,	
 
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	  	as if the Borrower were instead a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) multiplied by the highest marginal combined federal, state and local income tax rate applicable to any direct or indirect owner (other than a person owning indirectly through an entity that is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) of the Borrower (or the Borrower’s regarded parent if the Borrower is a disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes), taking into account the deductibility of state and local income taxes for U.S. federal income tax purposes (and any limitations thereon) and not subject to cap or clawback; (iv) payment of legal, accounting and other ordinary course corporate overhead or other operational expenses of any such parent not to exceed an amount to be agreed in any fiscal year and for the payment of franchise or similar taxes; (v) dividends, distributions or redemptions in connection with the Transactions; (vi) a general basket equal to $200 million, subject to no event of default; (vii) additional restricted payments subject only to compliance with the RP Payment Conditions; and (viii) other baskets and exceptions consistent with the ABL Documentation Principles or as otherwise agreed by the Borrower and the Lead Arrangers);
 
(g) transactions with affiliates in excess of $20 million per transaction or a series of related transactions;
 
(h) restrictions on negative pledge clauses; and
 
(j) prepaying material junior lien or unsecured debt for borrowed money that is contractually subordinated in right of payment to the ABL Facility and in excess of an amount to be agreed (the “ Junior Debt ”), or amendments of the documents governing such Junior Debt in a manner (when taken as a whole) materially adverse to the Lenders (when taken as a whole), which will permit, among other things, (i) regularly scheduled principal and interest, (ii) refinancing or exchanges of Junior Debt for other Junior Debt maturing no earlier, and not having a shorter weighted average life, than the Junior Debt being so refinanced or exchanged ( provided that such refinancing or exchange indebtedness shall be subordinated indebtedness if the Junior Debt so refinanced or exchanged was subordinated debt), (iii) conversion of Junior Debt to common or “qualified preferred” equity, (iv) a general basket equal to $200 million, subject to no event of default; (v) unlimited prepayments, purchases or redemptions of Junior Debt when the RP Payment Conditions are satisfied and (vi) other baskets and exceptions consistent with the ABL Documentation Principles and such other baskets and exceptions as otherwise agreed by the Borrower and the Lead Arrangers).
 
All dollar baskets will include a growing concept based on Consolidated EBITDA. The general basket for restricted payments may alternatively be used for investments and/or prepayments of Junior Debt, and the general basket for prepayments of Junior Debt may alternatively be used for restricted payments and/or investments. The Borrower shall be permitted to reclassify its debt and liens (other than debt under and liens securing the Facilities) incurred among baskets without limitation.

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	  	The Borrower and/or any restricted subsidiary will be permitted to make acquisitions of all or substantially all of the assets or a majority of the equity interests of a person or a line of business (each, a “ Permitted Acquisition ”), so long as (i) before and after giving effect thereto, no event of default has occurred and is continuing (or, in the case of a Limited Condition Transaction, at the Borrower’s option, at the time of execution of a definitive acquisition agreement, in which case no payment or bankruptcy event of default has occurred and is continuing at the time of consummation thereof), (ii) after giving effect thereto, the Borrower is in compliance with the permitted lines of business covenant and (iii) solely to the extent required by, and subject to the limitations set forth in “Guarantees” and “Security” above, the acquired company and its subsidiaries (other than any subsidiaries of the acquired company designated as an unrestricted subsidiary as provided in “Unrestricted Subsidiaries” below) will become Guarantors and pledge their Collateral to the ABL Administrative Agent.
 
The Borrower and any restricted subsidiary will be permitted to incur indebtedness (“ Ratio Debt ”) so long as, subject to the Borrower’s LCA Election rights (a) before and after giving effect thereto, no payment or bankruptcy event of default has occurred and is continuing and (b) the aggregate principal amount of such Ratio Debt outstanding may not exceed after giving effect to the incurrence of such debt and the application of the proceeds thereof on a pro forma basis, as of the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter of the Borrower for which internal financial statements are available, an amount equal to the Ratio Debt Cap.
 
The Ratio Debt Cap means an amount equal to $100 million plus the Ratio Incremental Amount.
 
“ Ratio Incremental Amount ” means:
 
(a) with respect to Ratio Debt to be secured by liens on a pari passu basis with the Term Facility and subject to a customary intercreditor agreement, the Borrower’s First Lien Net Leverage Ratio exceeding (i) the Closing Date First Lien Net Leverage Ratio or (ii) such ratio prior to such incurrence;
 
(b) with respect to Ratio Debt secured on a junior lien basis to the ABL Facility and subject to a customary intercreditor agreement, the Borrower’s Total Net Leverage Ratio exceeding (i) the Closing Date Total Net Leverage Ratio or (ii) such ratio prior to such incurrence; or
 
(c) with respect to unsecured Ratio Debt, either (i) the Borrower’s Total Net Leverage Ratio exceeding (x) the Closing Date Total Net Leverage Ratio or (y) such ratio prior to such incurrence or (ii) the Borrower’s Interest Coverage Ratio being no less than (x) 2.00:1.00 or (y) the Interest Coverage Ratio immediately prior to such incurrence,
 
in each case, as of the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter of the Borrower for which financial statements are available, calculated in each case on a pro forma basis (excluding	
 
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	  	the cash proceeds to the Borrower of any then proposed Ratio Debt for netting purposes).
 
Compliance with a negative covenant in the ABL Loan Documents may be permitted in part by one basket or exception and in part by another, in the Borrower’s discretion, and the Borrower may designate and redesignate (the “ Redesignation ”) (on or after any applicable date) the baskets or exceptions available to it on such date (or any later date) upon with compliance is based.
 
Unless the Borrower elects otherwise, compliance will be deemed to be first pursuant to a basket or exception based on a financial ratio (to the maximum extent permitted by such basket or exception) prior to being determined to pursuant to any other basket or exception, including those based on a fixed dollar amount.
 
“ Payment Conditions ” shall mean the following: (i) no Specified Default exists or would arise after giving effect to the relevant transactions, (ii) pro forma compliance for the four fiscal quarters most recently preceding such transaction or payment for which financial statements are available with a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of at least 1.00:1.00 and (iii) the Borrower’s having Specified Excess Availability (and with a 30-day lookback) in excess of the greater of (x) $31.25 million and (y) 12.5% of the Line Cap; provided however that the condition set forth in clause (ii) shall not be applicable if the Borrower has Specified Excess Availability in excess of the greater of (x) $43.75 million and (y) 17.5% of the Line Cap, in each case, on a pro forma basis immediately after giving effect to such transaction.
 
“ RP Payment Conditions ” shall mean the following: (i) no Specified Default exists or would arise after giving effect to the relevant transactions, (ii) pro forma compliance for the four fiscal quarters most recently preceding such transaction or payment for which financial statements are available with a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of at least 1.00:1.00 and (iii) the Borrower’s having Specified Excess Availability (and with a 30-day lookback) in excess of the greater of (x) $37.5 million and (y) 15% of the Line Cap; provided however that the condition set forth in clause (ii) shall not be applicable if the Borrower has Specified Excess Availability in excess of the greater of (x) $50 million and (y) 20% of the Line Cap, in each case, on a pro forma basis immediately after giving effect to such transaction.	
		
ABL Financial Covenant :	  	Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of a Covenant Trigger Event, the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined on Exhibit F to the Commitment Letter) as of the last day of any fiscal quarter shall not be less than 1.00:1.00, to be tested on the last day of any fiscal quarter (including at the time of occurrence of such Covenant Trigger Event and each subsequent fiscal quarter of the Borrower ending during the continuance of such Covenant Trigger Event) for which financial statements are required to have been delivered, on a trailing four quarter basis.
 
“ Covenant Trigger Event ” means Specified Excess Availability (as defined below) shall be less than either (a) the greater of (i) $25 million	
 
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	  	and (ii) 10.0% of the Line Cap for 2 consecutive Business Days or (b) the greater of (i) $18.75 million and (ii) 7.5% of the Line Cap at any time, and shall continue until Specified Excess Availability is equal to or exceeds such amount as reflected on a Borrowing Base Certificate delivered to the ABL Administrative Agent for a period of 20 days after Specified Excess Availability is equal to or exceeds such amount.
 
For purposes of determining compliance with the ABL Financial Covenant, any cash equity contribution (which shall be common equity or otherwise on terms reasonably acceptable to the ABL Administrative Agent) made to the Borrower after the beginning of the most recently ended fiscal quarter and on or prior to the day that is 10 business days after the day on which financial statements are required to be delivered for such fiscal quarter will, at the request of the Borrower, be included in the calculation of Consolidated EBITDA solely for the purposes of determining compliance with such ABL Financial Covenant at the end of such fiscal quarter and applicable subsequent periods which include such fiscal quarter (any such equity contribution so included in the calculation of Consolidated EBITDA, a “ Specified Equity Contribution ”); subject solely to following conditions: (a) there shall be no more than two quarters in each four consecutive fiscal quarter period in respect of which a Specified Equity Contribution is made, (b) the amount of any Specified Equity Contribution shall be no more than the amount expected to be required to cause the Borrower to be in pro forma compliance with the ABL Financial Covenant specified above, (c) no more than five Specified Equity Contributions shall be made during the term of the ABL Facility, (d) all Specified Equity Contributions shall be disregarded for purposes of any financial ratio determination under the ABL Loan Documents other than for determining compliance with the ABL Financial Covenant and (e) there shall be no pro forma or other reduction in indebtedness with the proceeds of any Specified Equity Contribution for determining compliance with the ABL Financial Covenant unless such proceeds are actually applied to prepay indebtedness. The ABL Loan Documents will contain a customary standstill provision with respect to the declaration of an event of default and/or exercise of remedies during the period in which a Specified Equity Contribution could be made but the Borrower shall not be permitted to borrow or obtain new letters of credit during such period.
 
“ Specified Excess Availability ” shall mean the sum of (i) Excess Availability and (ii) the amount by which the Borrowing Base at such time exceeds the ABL Commitments, up to an amount not to exceed 2.5% of ABL Commitments.	
		
Unrestricted Subsidiaries :	  	The ABL Loan Documents will permit the Borrower to designate any existing or subsequently acquired or organized subsidiary as an “unrestricted subsidiary” and subsequently re-designate any such unrestricted subsidiary as a restricted subsidiary; provided that (a) no Specified Default exists or would result therefrom at the time of designation and (b) the Borrower is in compliance with the Payment Conditions. The designation of any unrestricted subsidiary as a restricted subsidiary will be deemed to be an incurrence at the time of	
 
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	  	such designation of indebtedness of such subsidiary or liens on the assets of such subsidiary, in each case, outstanding on the date of such designation. The designation of any subsidiary as an unrestricted subsidiary will constitute an investment for purposes of the investments negative covenant described under the caption “Negative Covenants” above.
 
Unrestricted Subsidiaries will not be subject to the representations and warranties, covenants or events of default of the ABL Loan Documents and the results of operations and indebtedness of unrestricted subsidiaries will not be taken into account for purposes of determining any financial ratio or covenant contained in the ABL Loan Documents, and any cash or cash equivalents of any unrestricted subsidiary will not be taken into account for purposes of any net debt test under the ABL Loan Documents.	
		
Events of Default :	  	Limited to the following (to be applicable to the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries): nonpayment of principal, interest, letter of credit reimbursement obligations and fees (with not less than a five business day grace period for interest and fees); failure to perform negative covenants, the ABL Financial Covenant and affirmative covenant to provide notice of default or maintain the Borrower’s corporate existence; failure to deliver a Borrowing Base Certificate when required (subject to (a) five business day grace period or (b) two business day grace period if the Borrower is required to compute the Borrowing Base and deliver a Borrowing Base Certificate on a weekly basis as a result of a Weekly Borrowing Base Event); failure to perform under the Cash Management and Cash Dominion covenant (subject to a five business day grace period); failure to perform other covenants subject to a 30-day cure period after the earlier to occur of the date on which an executive officer of the Borrower becomes aware of such default and the date on which notice of default from the ABL Administrative Agent is received; any representation or warranty incorrect in any material respect when made; cross-acceleration and cross-default to continuing defaults under other material indebtedness in an aggregate principal amount in excess of the Threshold Amount (other than indebtedness held exclusively by subsidiaries); bankruptcy and similar proceedings of the Borrower or a material subsidiary; material monetary judgment defaults in excess of the Threshold Amount (to the extent not covered by insurance or other indemnity); ERISA events subject to no material adverse effect; invalidity (actual or asserted by the Borrower or any other subsidiary) of the ABL Loan Documents, the ABL Guarantees, the Intercreditor Agreement, a material security interest or a material portion of the Collateral; and change of control. “ Threshold Amount ” will be defined as the greater of (x) $80 million and (y) 12.5% of the Borrower’s Consolidated EBITDA for the most recently ended period of four fiscal quarters for which financial statements are available, calculated on a pro forma basis.	
		
Voting :	  	Amendments and waivers of the ABL Loan Documents will require the approval of Lenders (the “ Required ABL Lenders ”) holding more than	
 
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	  	50% of the aggregate amount of loans and commitments under the ABL Facility, except that: (a) the consent of each ABL Lender directly and adversely affected thereby shall be required with respect to (i) increases in commitments of such Lender, (ii) reductions of principal, interest (other than default interest) or fees owed to such Lender (it being understood and agreed that the waiver of any mandatory prepayment, default interest, default or event of default will only require the consent of the Required ABL Lenders), (iii) extensions of scheduled amortization, date of payment of interest or any fee or final maturity (it being understood and agreed that the waiver of any mandatory prepayment, default interest, default or event of default will only require the consent of the Required ABL Lenders) and (iv) changes to the pro rata sharing provisions (with exceptions for certain transactions and actions to be agreed, including amend and extend transactions and defaulting lender actions); (b) the consent of 100% of the ABL Lenders will be required with respect to (i) changes in voting thresholds and (ii) subordination or releases of liens on all or substantially all of the Collateral or all or substantially all of the aggregate value of the ABL Guarantees (other than in connection with any transfer or other release of Collateral or of the relevant Guarantor permitted by the ABL Loan Documents); (c) the consent of a supermajority (66.7%) of the ABL Commitments (or, if the ABL Commitments have been terminated, outstanding ABL Loans) will be required for any changes to the Borrowing Base definition or the component definitions thereof which result in increased borrowing availability; and (d) the consent of the ABL Administrative Agent and the Swingline Lender or Issuing Bank will be required to amend, modify or otherwise affect the rights and duties of the ABL Administrative Agent, such Swingline Lender or Issuing Bank, as the case may be. Notwithstanding the foregoing, only the consent of the Required ABL Lenders shall be required to waive the ABL Financial Covenant (or any component definition thereof to the extent applicable thereto) and not the consent of any other Lender. Disqualified Lenders will have limited voting rights (consistent with defaulting lenders) under the ABL Facility and will be required to assign all loans and commitments then owned by such Disqualified Lender to another lender (other than a Defaulting Lender) or eligible assignee (and the Borrower shall be entitled to seek specific performance in any applicable court of law or equity to enforce this sentence), subject to customary provisions and limitations.	
		
	  	The ABL Loan Documents shall contain customary provisions for replacing (i) non-consenting Lenders in connection with amendments and waivers requiring the consent of all Lenders or of all Lenders affected thereby so long as relevant Lenders holding more than 50% of the aggregate amount of the loans and commitments under the relevant Facilities have consented thereto, (ii) non-extending ABL Lenders, (iii) defaulting ABL Lenders, and (iv) ABL Lenders claiming increased costs, taxes gross-ups and similar required indemnity payments	
		
	  	The Facilities Documentation will contain customary “amend and extend” and “refinancing” provisions (on terms consistent with the Documentation Principles) pursuant to which the Borrower may refinance or extend commitments and/or outstandings pursuant to one	
 
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	  	or more tranches with only the consent of the respective extending or refinancing lenders; it being understood that each Lender under the applicable tranche or tranches that are being extended or refinanced shall have the opportunity to participate in such extension or refinancing on the same terms and conditions as each other lender in such tranche or tranches; provided that it is understood that no existing Lender will have any obligation to commit to any such extension or refinancing.	
		
Yield Protection and Increased Costs :	  	Usual for facilities and transactions of this type, including customary tax gross-up provisions and customary protections for increased costs imposed as a result of the Dodd-Frank Act or Basel III.	
		
Defaulting Lenders :	  	Consistent with the Documentation Principles. At the Borrower’s option, the Borrower may prepay the loans and/or terminate the commitments of any defaulting lender without penalty or premium.	
		
Assignments and Participations :	  	The ABL Lenders will be permitted to assign loans and commitments (other than to natural persons and Disqualified Lenders) with the consent of the Borrower, the ABL Administrative Agent, the Swingline Lender and the Issuing Bank (in each case, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned, it being agreed that it shall be reasonable to withhold consent to assignment to a Disqualified Lender); provided that no consent of the Borrower shall be required after the occurrence and during the continuance of a payment or bankruptcy event of default with respect to the Borrower or in the case of an assignment to a Lender, an affiliate of a Lender or an approved fund. The Borrower will be deemed to have consented to an assignment unless it objects thereto by written notice (including via email) to the ABL Administrative Agent within 10 business days after having received written notice of a request for such consent from the ABL Administrative Agent.
 
Each assignment will be in a minimum amount of $2.5 million. The ABL Administrative Agent will receive a processing and recordation fee of $3,500, payable by the assignor and/or the assignee, with each assignment. Loans and commitments in respect of the ABL Facility will not be permitted to be assigned to the Borrower or any of its affiliates. Each prospective assignee and participant will be required to represent that it is not a Disqualified Lender or an affiliate of a Disqualified Lender, in each case to the extent a list of Disqualified Lenders has been made available to the prospective assignee or participant, as applicable. As used herein, “ approved fund ” means, with respect to any Lender, any fund that is administered, advised or managed by (i) such Lender, (ii) an affiliate of such Lender or (iii) any entity or an affiliate of an entity that administers, advises or manages such Lender.
 
The ABL Lenders will be permitted to participate loans and commitments (other than to natural persons and Disqualified Lenders). Voting rights of participants will be limited to matters in respect of (i) increases in commitments participated to such participant, (ii) reductions of principal, interest (other than default interest) or fees	
 
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	  	in respect of loans participated to such participant (it being understood and agreed that the waiver of any mandatory prepayment, default interest, default or event of default will not require the consent of such participant), (iii) extensions of scheduled amortization, date of payment of interest and any fee or final maturity (it being understood and agreed that the waiver of any mandatory prepayment, default interest, default or event of default will not require the consent of such participant), and (iv) releases of all or substantially all of the Collateral or all or substantially all of the aggregate value of the Guarantees (other than in connection with any sale of Collateral or of the relevant Guarantor permitted by the ABL Loan Documents).
 
Notwithstanding anything in the ABL Loan Documents to the contrary, the ABL Administrative Agent shall not be responsible or have any liability for, or have any duty to ascertain, inquire into, monitor or enforce, compliance with the provisions of the ABL Loan Documents relating to Disqualified Lenders. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the ABL Administrative Agent in its capacity as such shall not (x) be obligated to ascertain, monitor or inquire as to whether any ABL Lender or participant in ABL Loans or prospective ABL Lender or participant in ABL Loans is a Disqualified Lender or (y) have any liability with respect to or arising out of any assignment or participation of ABL Loans, or ABL Commitments (in each case, except to the extent constituting gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct) disclosure of confidential information, to any Disqualified Lender.	
		
Expenses and Indemnification :	  	The expense and indemnification provisions to be set forth in the ABL Loan Documents will be substantially consistent with those set forth in Term Loan Documents and otherwise consistent with the ABL Documentation Principles.	
		
Governing Law and Forum :	  	New York.	
		
Counsel to ABL Administrative Agent and Lead Arrangers :	  	Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP.	
 
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ANNEX I TO EXHIBIT B

Interest Rates :	  	The interest rates under the ABL Facility will be as follows:	
		
	  	At the option of the Borrower, Adjusted LIBOR plus the Applicable Margin or ABR plus the Applicable Margin.	
		
	  	As used herein:	
		
	  	“ Adjusted LIBOR ” means the London interbank offered rate, adjusted for statutory reserve requirements; provided that “Adjusted LIBOR” shall be no less than 0.00% per annum.	
		
	  	“ ABR ” means, for any day, a rate per annum equal to the greatest of (a) the prime rate in effect of such day, (b) the NYFRB rate in effect on such day plus  1 ⁄ 2 of 1%, (c) the Adjusted LIBOR rate for a one-month interest period on such day (or if such day is not a business day, the immediately preceding business day) plus 1% and (d) 1.00% per annum.	
		
	  	“ Applicable Margin ” means with respect to the ABL Facility, initially (a) 0.50% per annum, in the case of ABR loans, and (b) 1.50% per annum, in the case of Adjusted LIBOR loans and subject to adjustment as specified in the following paragraph.
 
From and after the first full fiscal quarter completed after the Closing Date, the Applicable Margin under the ABL Facility shall be subject to adjustment based on Excess Availability, as follows:	

Excess Availability	  	Adjusted
LIBOR
loans	 	 	ABR
loans	 	
Less than 33.3%	  	 	1.75	% 	 	 	0.75	% 	
Less than 66.7% and equal to or greater than 33.3%	  	 	1.50	% 	 	 	0.50	% 	
Equal to or greater than 66.7%	  	 	1.25	% 	 	 	0.25	% 	

	  	Adjusted LIBOR borrowings may be made for interest periods of 1, 2, 3 or 6 (or, if agreed to by all applicable Lenders, 12) months or a shorter period as may be agreed by all applicable Lenders, as selected by the Borrower.	
		
	  	Interest on loans and all fees will be payable in arrears on the basis of a 360-day year (calculated on the basis of actual number of days elapsed), provided that interest on ABR loans, when based on the ABL Administrative Agent’s prime rate, will be payable in arrears on the basis of a 365-day year (or a 366-day year in a leap year), in each case calculated on the basis of the actual number of days elapsed. Interest will be payable on Adjusted LIBOR loans on the last day of the applicable interest period (and at the end of each three months, in the case of interest periods longer than three months) and upon prepayment, and on ABR loans quarterly and upon prepayment.	
		
Default Rate :	  	Upon and during the continuance of a payment or bankruptcy event of default, overdue amounts shall bear interest at, with respect to principal, the applicable interest rate plus 2.00% per annum and, with respect to any other amount, the interest rate applicable to ABR loans plus 2.00% per annum, and in each case shall be payable on demand.	
 
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Letter of Credit Fees :	  	A per annum fee equal to the Applicable Margin with respect to Adjusted LIBOR loans under the ABL Facility in effect from time to time will accrue on the aggregate face amount of outstanding letters of credit under the ABL Facility, payable in arrears at the end of each quarter and upon termination of the ABL Facility. Such fees shall be distributed to the applicable ABL Lenders pro rata in accordance with their commitments under the ABL Facility. In addition, the Borrower shall pay to each Issuing Bank, for its own account, (a) a fronting fee to be agreed upon on the aggregate face amount of outstanding letters of credit, payable in arrears at the end of each quarter and upon termination of the ABL Facility, and (b) the Issuing Bank’s customary issuance and administration fees.	
		
Commitment Fee :	  	Initially, 0.375% per annum on the average daily unused portion of the ABL Facility, payable quarterly in arrears. From and after the delivery by the Borrower to the Administrative Agent of the Borrower’s financial statements for the first full fiscal quarter of the Borrower completed after the Closing Date, the commitment fee shall be subject to one step-down to 0.25% based on Excess Availability during the preceding quarter of less than or equal to 50%.	
 
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CONFIDENTIAL	  	EXHIBIT C	
Project Apex
$2,700,000,000 Term Loan Facility
Summary of Principal Terms and Conditions
Capitalized terms used but not defined in this Exhibit C shall have the meanings set forth in the Commitment Letter to which this Exhibit B is attached or the other Exhibits to the Commitment Letter.

Borrower :	  	Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC (the “ Borrower ”).	
		
Lead Arrangers and Bookrunners :	  	JPMCB, MLPFS and RBCCM (the “ Lead Arrangers ”).	
		
Term Administrative Agent and Term Collateral Agent :	  	JPMCB will act as the sole administrative agent and sole collateral agent (in such capacities, the “ Term Administrative Agent” and together with the ABL Administrative Agent, the “ Administrative Agent ”) for the Term Lenders.	
		
Additional Agents :	  	The Borrower may designate additional financial institutions to act as syndication agent, documentation agent or co-documentation agent.	
		
Transactions :	  	As described in Exhibit A to the Commitment Letter.	
		
Lenders :	  	JPMCB (or one of its affiliates), BANA (or one of its affiliates), Royal Bank (or one of its affiliates) and a syndicate of financial institutions and other lenders (the “ Term Lenders ” and together with the ABL Lenders, the “ Lenders ”) arranged by the Lead Arrangers and reasonably acceptable to the Borrower, excluding Disqualified Lenders.	
		
Term Facility :	  	A senior secured term loan facility (the “ Term Facility ”) in an aggregate principal amount of $2,700 million plus at the Borrower’s election, any Term Flex Increase (as defined in the Fee Letter).	
		
	  	Loans under the Term Facility (“ Term Loans ”) will be available to the Borrower in U.S. dollars.	
		
Incremental Facilities :	  	The Facilities Documentation for the Term Facility (the “ Term Loan Documents ”) will permit the Borrower to add one or more incremental term facilities or increase the Term Facility (each, an “ Incremental Facility ” and collectively, the “ Incremental Facilities ”) in minimum amounts consistent with the Term Documentation Principles.
 
The aggregate principal amount of Incremental Facilities may not exceed, subject to the Borrower’s rights in respect of a Limited Condition Transaction (“ LCA Election ”), the Incremental Facility Cap.
 
“ Incremental Facility Cap ” means an amount equal to the Incremental Fixed Amount plus the Incremental Ratio Amount.
 
“ Incremental Fixed Amount ” means the sum of (a) the greater of (i) $641 million and (ii) 100% of the Borrower’s Consolidated EBITDA for the most recently ended period of four fiscal quarters for which	
 
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	  	financial statements are available, calculated on a pro forma basis, plus (b) the aggregate principal amount of voluntary prepayments, redemptions, repurchases and other permanent reductions of Term Loans that are secured on a pari passu basis with the Term Loans (in each case, including all debt buybacks and yank-a-bank payment amounts with credit given to the actual purchase price paid in cash), voluntary prepayments of loans under the ABL Facility (with a corresponding commitment reduction), in each case, except to the extent such prepayments were funded with the proceeds of long-term indebtedness, minus (c) the aggregate principal amount incurred under any Incremental Facility and Incremental Equivalent Debt incurred in reliance on the Fixed Incremental Amount.
 
“Incremental Ratio Amount” means such amount as would not result in,
 
(a) with respect to Incremental Facilities secured on a pari passu basis with the Term Facility, the Borrower’s First Lien Net Leverage Ratio exceeding (i) the Closing Date First Lien Net Leverage Ratio or (ii) such ratio prior to such incurrence;
 
(b) with respect to Incremental Facilities secured on a junior lien basis to the Term Facility, the Borrower’s Total Net Leverage Ratio exceeding (i) the Closing Date Total Net Leverage Ratio or (ii) such ratio prior to such incurrence; or
 
(c) with respect to unsecured Incremental Facilities, either (i) the Borrower’s Total Net Leverage Ratio exceeding (x) the Closing Date Total Net Leverage Ratio or (y) such ratio prior to such incurrence or (ii) the Borrower’s Interest Coverage Ratio being no less than (x) 2.00:1.00 or (y) the Interest Coverage Ratio immediately prior to such incurrence,
 
in each case as of the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter of the Borrower for which financial statements are available, calculated in each case on a Pro Forma Basis (excluding the cash proceeds to the Borrower of any then proposed Incremental Facility for netting purposes).
 
“ Closing Date First Lien Net Leverage Ratio ” means the First Lien Net Leverage Ratio on the Closing Date. “ Closing Date Total Net Leverage Ratio ” means the Total Net Leverage Ratio on the Closing Date. Each such ratio will be adjusted on the Closing Date to reflect the effect of any Term Flex Increase (as defined in the Fee Letter).
 
If the Borrower incurs indebtedness under an Incremental Facility (or Incremental Equivalent Debt) using the Fixed Incremental Amount on the same date that it incurs indebtedness using the Ratio Incremental Amount, the relevant ratio above will be calculated without regard to any incurrence of indebtedness under the Fixed Incremental Amount. Unless the Borrower elects otherwise, each Incremental Facility (or Incremental Equivalent Debt) will be deemed incurred first as Ratio Incremental Amount to the extent permitted, with any balance incurred under the Fixed Incremental Amount. Incremental Facilities will rank pari passu or junior in right of payment with the Initial Term Loans and	
 
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	  	will either be unsecured or secured by Liens that are pari passu with or junior to the Liens securing the Initial Term Loans.
 
The Borrower may classify, and may later reclassify, indebtedness incurred under an Incremental Facility (or Incremental Equivalent Debt) (the “ Incremental Reclassification ”) as incurred as, and in reliance on, the Fixed Incremental Amount, Ratio Incremental Amount, or both, on the date of incurrence and thereafter, to the extent permitted on the date of classification (or the date of any such reclassification).
 
The Incremental Facilities will be available at the request of the Borrower with consent required only from those lenders that agree, in their discretion, to participate in such Incremental Facility. Lenders providing an Incremental Facility will be reasonably acceptable to (a) the Borrower and (b) the Term Administrative Agent (but only to the extent such person would otherwise have a consent right to an assignment of such loans to such lender, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed). The Term Loan Documents may be amended as may be necessary to give effect to any Incremental Facility with the consent of the Borrower, the Term Administrative Agent and Lenders providing such Incremental Facility, including such amendments as may be necessary or advisable to have such facility fungible with the Initial Term Loans or other Incremental Facilities.
 
The incurrence of indebtedness under an Incremental Facility will be subject to only the following conditions and to any other conditions agreed between the lenders under the Incremental Facility and the Borrower, measured on the date such facilities are incurred, in each case subject to the Borrower’s LCA Election rights: (i) no event of default (or, in the case of a Permitted Acquisition or other permitted investment, no payment or bankruptcy event of default) under the Term Facility has occurred and be continuing or would result therefrom and (ii) all representations and warranties must be true and correct in all material respects immediately prior to, and after giving effect to, the incurrence of such Incremental Facility; provided that in connection with any Permitted Acquisition or other permitted investment that constitutes a Limited Condition Transaction, such representations and warranties may be limited to the Specified Representations
 
The Term Loan Documents will also require that:
 
(i) the final maturity date of any Incremental Facility be no earlier than the final maturity date for the Term Loans incurred on the Closing Date (the “ Initial Term Loans ”); provided that this clause (i) will not apply to up to $160 million (or if greater 25% of Consolidated EBITDA for the most recently ended period of four fiscal quarters for which financial statements are available, calculated on a pro forma basis) in aggregate initial principal amount of (at the Borrower’s option) Incremental Facilities or Incremental Equivalent Debt (the “ Inside Maturity Basket ”);
 
(ii) the weighted average life to maturity of any Incremental Facility be no shorter than the remaining weighted average life to maturity of the Initial Term Loans (without giving effect to any amortization or	
 
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	  	prepayments on the Initial Term Loans); provided that this clause (ii) will not apply to the Inside Maturity Basket;
 
(iii) the interest margins for any Incremental Facility will be determined by the Borrower and the lenders of such Incremental Facility; provided , that if the yield for any Incremental Facility incurred during the first six months following the Closing Date and secured on a pari passu basis with the Initial Term Loans (excluding any Incremental Facility (A) incurred in reliance on the Ratio Incremental Amount, (B) that has an outside maturity date at least one year after the latest maturity date of the Initial Term Loans at the time of incurrence thereof, (C) incurred in connection with a Permitted Investment), or (D) in an aggregate original principal amount up to $320 million (or if greater 50% of Consolidated EBITDA for the most recently ended period of four fiscal quarters for which financial statements are available, calculated on a pro forma basis)), is greater than the yield for the Initial First Lien Term Loans by more than 75 basis points (the “ Yield Differential ”), then the interest margins for the Initial Term Loans will be increased to the extent necessary so that the yield for such Incremental Facility is not more than 75 basis points higher than the yield for the Initial Term Loans (the “ MFN Provision ”);
 
(iv) any Incremental Facility will share on a pro rata basis or less than a pro rata basis (but not on a greater than pro rata basis except for prepayments with the proceeds of a refinancing and in respect of an earlier maturing tranche) in any mandatory prepayments of the Initial Term Loans, and
 
(v) except as otherwise set forth herein, all other terms of any Incremental Facility will be on terms and pursuant to documentation to be determined by the Borrower and the providers of such Incremental Facility; provided that to the extent such terms are not consistent with the Term Loan Documents, such terms shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Term Administrative Agent and the Borrower.
 
For purposes of determining the Yield Differential, (i) original issue discount (“ OID ”) or upfront fees (which will be deemed to constitute like amounts of OID) payable by the Borrower for the account of the Lenders with respect to the Initial Term Loans or the Incremental Facility in the primary syndication thereof will be included, (ii) arrangement, ticking, commitment or similar fees will be excluded (to the extent not paid or payable generally to all applicable lenders) and (iii) if the LIBOR or ABR floor for the Incremental Facility is greater than the LIBOR or ABR floor, respectively, for the Initial Term Loans, the difference between such floor for the Incremental Facility and the Initial Term Loans will be equated to an increase in interest margins, and in such case the interest rate floor (but not the interest rate margin) applicable to the existing Initial Term Loans will be increased by such difference. OID will be measured with reference to the loan proceeds received by the Borrower (and not with reference to any price at which loans are assigned) and will be equated to interest based on an assumed four-year life to maturity.
 
The Borrower may, in lieu of adding Incremental Facilities, utilize any part of the Incremental Facility Cap to incur (i) notes and/or loans that	
 
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	  	will be secured by liens that have the same priority as the liens that secure the Initial Term Loans (“ Parity Lien Debt ”), (ii) notes and/or loans that will be secured by liens that are junior in priority to the liens that secure the Initial Term Loans (“ Junior Lien Debt ”) and/or (iii) unsecured notes and/or loans (“ Unsecured Debt ” and, together with Parity Lien Debt and Junior Lien Debt, “ Incremental Equivalent Debt ”); provided that:
 
(a) Incremental Equivalent Debt will be capped at the Incremental Facility Cap;
 
(b)(i) any Parity Lien Debt will not mature prior to the final maturity date of, or have a shorter weighted average life than, the Initial Term Loans (without giving effect to any amortization or prepayments on the Initial Term Loans); provided that this clause (i) will not apply to the Inside Maturity Basket and (ii) any Junior Lien Debt or Unsecured Debt (other than bridge facilities) will not have a final maturity date, or have scheduled amortization, prior to the date that is 91 days following the final maturity date of the Initial Term Loans,
 
(c) any mandatory prepayments of Parity Lien Debt will be made on a pro rata basis or less than a pro rata basis (but not on a greater than pro rata basis except for prepayments with the proceeds of a refinancing and in respect of an earlier maturing tranche) with mandatory prepayments of the Initial Term Loans and any mandatory prepayments of any Junior Lien Debt or Unsecured Debt may not be made except to the extent that prepayments are made, to the extent required under the Term Facility or any Parity Lien Debt, first pro rata to the Facilities and any such Parity Lien Debt,
 
(d) any secured Incremental Equivalent Debt will be secured by liens on Collateral only (and not on any other assets) and subject to a usual and customary intercreditor agreement,
 
(e) any Incremental Equivalent Debt will not be guaranteed by any subsidiaries of the Borrower other than the Loan Parties (as defined below), and
 
(f) Incremental Equivalent Debt will not be subject to any “most favored nations” pricing provisions, except that any Incremental Equivalent Debt in the form of term loans that is secured on a pari passu basis with the Initial Term Loans will be subject to the MFN Provision.	
		
Refinancing Facilities :	  	The Borrower may refinance loans and commitments under the Term Facility on a dollar-for dollar basis, from time to time, in whole or part, with one or more tranches of secured or unsecured indebtedness (such indebtedness, a “ Refinancing Facility ”). Providers of a Refinancing Facility issued under the Term Loan Documents must be reasonably acceptable to the Borrower and the Term Administrative Agent; provided , that consent of the Term Administrative Agent will be required only to the extent it would have a consent right to an assignment of Term Loans to such provider and such consent may not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed.

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	  	The Term Loan Documents will contain customary limitations and restrictions applicable to Refinancing Facilities in accordance with the Term Documentation Principles.	
		
Term Documentation Principles :	  	The definitive documentation for the Term Loan Facility will (a) initially be prepared by counsel to the Borrower, (b) subject to the “flex” provisions contained in the Fee Letter, contain the terms and conditions set forth in this Exhibit C , (c) reflect the operational and strategic requirements of the Borrower and its subsidiaries, (d) be consistent with the proposed business plan and the Model, (e) shall be based upon the facilities documentation for the transaction identified to us as “Mariposa” and related documentation (collectively, the “ Identified Precedent ”), taking into account differences in the industry of the borrower under such facility, as modified for an “Up-C” structure, and in no event be less favorable to the Borrower and its subsidiaries than the definitive documentation governing the Existing Credit Facilities, (f) include customary “EU bail-in” provisions, (g) be modified to accommodate the reasonable operational and agency guidelines and practices of the Term Administrative Agent and changes in law and accounting standards and (h) be negotiated in good faith. The foregoing is referred to herein, collectively, as the “ Term Documentation Principles ” and together with the ABL Documentation Principles, the “ Documentation Principles ”). The Term Loan Documents will, subject to the “flex” provisions contained in the Fee Letter (which “flex” provisions shall not include any changes to the conditions to borrowing on the Closing Date), contain only those payment provisions, conditions to borrowing, mandatory prepayments, representations and warranties, covenants, events of default and guarantee and collateral provisions expressly set forth in this Exhibit C , in each case, applicable to, the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries to the extent set forth herein and with standards, qualifications, thresholds, exceptions, “baskets” and grace and cure periods consistent with the Term Documentation Principles.	
		
Purpose :	  	The proceeds of Term Loans, together with balance sheet cash at Atlas, the Company and their respective subsidiaries, will be used to consummate the Refinancing and to pay the Transaction Costs.	
		
Availability :	  	The full amount of the Initial Term Loans must be drawn in a single drawing substantially concurrently with the consummation of the Acquisition; provided that a portion of such proceeds in an amount equal to the outstanding Impax Convertible Notes (as defined in the Acquisition Agreement on October 17, 2017) will be funded into escrow, subject to escrow arrangements reasonably acceptable to the Term Administrative Agent with an escrow agent reasonable acceptable to the Term Administrative Agent to make payments on such Impax Convertible Notes. Amounts repaid or prepaid under the Term Facility may not be reborrowed.	
		
Interest Rates and Fees :	  	As set forth on Annex I hereto.	
		
Final Maturity and Amortization :	  	The Term Facility will mature on the seventh (7 th ) anniversary of the Closing Date (subject to extension with the consent of only the	
 
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	  	extending lenders) and will amortize in equal quarterly installments in aggregate annual amounts equal to 1.00% of the original principal amount of the Initial Term Loans during each year of the Term Facility (such payments subject to reduction as a result of voluntary and mandatory prepayments as provided herein), with the balance of the original principal amount of the Initial Term Loans payable at maturity. Amortization will commence at the end of the first full fiscal quarter ending after the Closing Date.	
		
Guarantees :	  	All obligations of the Borrower under the Term Facility will be unconditionally guaranteed jointly and severally on a senior secured basis (the “ Term Guarantees ”) by each existing and subsequently acquired or organized wholly-owned material U.S. subsidiary of the Borrower, other than Excluded Subsidiaries (the “ Term Guarantors ” and collectively with the Borrower, the “ Loan Parties ”); provided that any such guarantees will not be required to the extent it would result in material adverse tax consequences as reasonably determined by the Borrower in consultation with the Term Administrative Agent or if prohibited or restricted by applicable law or binding contractual obligation existing on the Closing Date or at the time of the acquisition of the applicable subsidiary and not created in anticipation thereof, including any requirement to obtain the consent of any governmental authority or third party.
 
Entities with respect to which the Borrower, directly or indirectly, owns 50% or less of the voting equity interests will not be subsidiaries of the Borrower.
 
For the avoidance of doubt, the “Loan Parties” will not include the Company or any of its subsidiaries until the Acquisition has been consummated.
 
“ Excluded Subsidiary ” means:
 
(a)   any subsidiary that is not a wholly owned subsidiary of the Borrower or another Loan Party,
 
(b)   any non-U.S. subsidiary,
 
(c)   any FSHCO,
 
(d)   any direct or indirect U.S. subsidiary of a non-U.S. subsidiary,
 
(e)   any subsidiary that is prohibited or restricted by applicable Law or by a binding contractual obligation existing on the Closing Date or at the time of the acquisition of such subsidiary (and not incurred in contemplation of such acquisition) from providing a guaranty or if such guaranty would require governmental (including regulatory) or third party consent, approval, license or authorization,
 
(f)   any special purpose securitization vehicle (or similar entity used for a qualified securitization financing),
 
(g)   any subsidiary that is a not-for-profit organization,
 
(h)   any captive insurance subsidiary,	
 
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	  	(i) any other subsidiary with respect to which, in the reasonable judgment of the Borrower in consultation with the Term Administrative Agent, the providing of a guaranty would result in material adverse tax consequences as reasonably determined by the Borrower in consultation with the Term Administrative Agent,
 
(j) any other subsidiary with respect to which, in the reasonable judgment of the Term Administrative Agent determines, in consultation with the Borrower, that the cost or other consequences (including any adverse tax consequences) of providing the Guaranty shall be excessive in view of the benefits to be obtained by the Lenders therefrom,
 
(k)   each unrestricted subsidiary and
 
(l) any immaterial subsidiary;
 
provided that the Borrower, in its sole discretion, may cause any subsidiary that otherwise qualifies as an “Excluded subsidiary” to become a “Guarantor” in accordance with the definition thereof and thereafter such Subsidiary shall not constitute an “Excluded Subsidiary” (unless and until the Borrower elects otherwise).	
		
Security :	  	Subject to the Certain Funds Provisions, obligations of the Loan Parties in respect of the Term Facility and the Term Guarantees (collectively, the “ Term Secured Obligations ”) will be secured by (i) a perfected first priority (subject to permitted liens) pledge of 100% of the equity interests of each direct, wholly-owned restricted subsidiary of the Borrower and of each other Loan Party (which pledge, in the case of capital stock of any non-U.S. organized subsidiary or FSHCO, shall be limited to 65% of the voting capital stock and 100% of the non-voting capital stock of such non-U.S. organized subsidiary or FSHCO), (ii) perfected first priority security interests in substantially all tangible and intangible personal property (other than ABL Priority Collateral (as defined in Exhibit B)) (including but not limited to equipment, general intangibles (including contract rights), investment property, U.S. intellectual property, intercompany notes, instruments, chattel paper and documents, letter of credit rights, commercial tort claims and proceeds of the foregoing) and (iii) perfected second priority security interests in the ABL Priority Collateral (the items described in clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) above, but excluding the Excluded Assets (as defined below), collectively, the “ Collateral ” and the items described in clauses (i) and (ii) above, but excluding the “ Excluded Assets ”, the “ Term Priority Collateral ”). The pledges of and security interests in the Collateral granted by the Borrower and each other Loan Party shall secure the Term Secured Obligations.	
	  	 
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, the Collateral shall exclude the following (collectively, the “ Excluded Assets ”):
 
(a)   any assets if and to the extent that a security interest therein (i) is prohibited by or in violation of any law, rule or regulation, (ii) requires any governmental or regulatory consent that has not been obtained;

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	  	(b)   any lease, license, franchise, charter, contract or agreement or purchase money lien or capital lease obligation, and any rights or interest thereunder, and any equipment subject to such purchase money lien, capital lease obligation or similar agreement, if and to the extent that a security interest therein is prohibited by or in violation of a term, provision or condition of any such lease, license, franchise, charter, contract or agreement or purchase money lien, capital lease obligation or similar agreement or requires a third party consent, approval, license or authorization, in each case of this clause (b) after giving effect to the anti-assignment provisions of the UCC or other applicable law and other than any proceeds or receivables thereof the assignment of which is expressly deemed effective under the UCC or other applicable law notwithstanding such prohibition or restriction (except to the extent such proceeds constitute Excluded Assets);
 
(c)   Excluded Equity Interests;
 
(d)   Excluded Accounts;
 
(e)   any “intent-to-use” application for registration of a trademark filed pursuant to Section 1(b) of the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1051, prior to the filing and acceptance of a “Statement of Use” pursuant to Section 1(d) of the Lanham Act or an “amendment to allege use” pursuant to Section 1(c) of the Lanham Act with respect thereto, to the extent that, and during the period, if any, in which, the grant of a security interest therein would impair the validity or enforceability of any registration that issues from such intent-to-use application under applicable federal law;
 
(f)   any interests in real property (for the avoidance of doubt, excluding fixtures to the extent perfected by filings pursuant to the Uniform Commercial Code in the office of the secretary of state (or similar central filing office) in the applicable grantor’s jurisdiction of organization);
 
(g)   any particular asset, if the pledge thereof or the security interest therein would result in material adverse tax consequences as reasonably determined by the Borrower in consultation with the Term Administrative Agent;
 
(h)   as extracted collateral, timber to be cut, farm products, manufactured homes and healthcare insurance receivables (but only to the extent such healthcare insurance receivables are (i) Medicare/Medicaid receivables, (ii) not perfected by the filing of a UCC financing statement or equivalent and/or (iii) as otherwise agreed);
 
(i) motor vehicles, airplanes and any other assets subject to certificates of title; and
 
(j) commercial tort claims below a dollar amount consistent with the Documentation Principles.

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	  	Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth above, the Loan Parties shall not be required, nor shall the Term Administrative Agent be authorized, (i) to perfect the above-described pledges and security interests by any means other than by (A) filings pursuant to the Uniform Commercial Code in the office of the secretary of state (or similar central filing office) of the relevant State(s), (B) customary filings in (i) the United States Patent and Trademark Office with respect to any material U.S. registered patents and material U.S. registered trademarks and any applications therefor and (ii) the United States Copyright Office of the Library of Congress with respect to material copyright registrations, in each case constituting Collateral or (C) subject to the Intercreditor Agreement, delivery to the applicable Administrative Agent to be held in its possession of all Collateral consisting of intercompany notes, stock certificates and other instruments in each case constituting Collateral and subject to materiality thresholds consistent with the Term Documentation Principles and certain other exclusions to be agreed, in each case as expressly required in the Facilities Documentation (and other actions required to perfect the above-described security interests due to a change in law and reasonably agreed between the Borrower and the Term Administrative Agent) or (ii) to enter into any control agreement with respect to any deposit accounts, securities accounts or commodities accounts.
 
In addition, no perfection actions will be required with respect to (i) motor vehicles and other assets subject to certificates of title, (ii) letter of credit rights, except to the extent constituting a support obligation for other Collateral as to which perfection is accomplished solely by the filing of a UCC financing statement or equivalent (it being understood that no actions shall be required to perfect a security interest in letter of credit rights, other than the filing of a UCC financing statement or equivalent), (iii) commercial tort claims with a value of less than an amount to be agreed and (iv) promissory notes evidencing debt for borrowed money in a principal amount of less than an amount to be agreed, (b) share certificates of immaterial subsidiaries shall not be required to be delivered, (c) no actions with respect to any assets located outside of the United States or in any non-U.S. jurisdiction or required by the laws of any non-U.S. jurisdiction will be required to be taken to create any security interests or to perfect or make enforceable any security interests in any such assets (it being understood that there shall be no security agreements or pledge agreements governed under the laws of any non-U.S. jurisdiction) and (d) no landlord lien waivers, estoppels or collateral access letters will be required. The Term Loan Documents will provide that “fair market value” will be determined by the Borrower in good faith and if supported by an opinion of a reputable valuation or investment banking firm shall be conclusive.
 
Notwithstanding the foregoing, assets will be excluded from the Collateral in circumstances where the applicable Administrative Agent determines in consultation with the Borrower that the costs of obtaining, perfecting or maintaining a security interest in such assets exceed the fair market value thereof or the practical benefit to the Lenders afforded (or proposed to be afforded) thereby. Liens on assets	
 
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	  	that are transferred in a permitted transaction to a Person that is not (and is not required to be) a Loan Party under the Term Loan Documents and liens on any assets held by an Excluded Subsidiary (or any Person that becomes an Excluded Subsidiary in a transaction not prohibited by the Term Loan Documents) or on assets that are Excluded Assets shall be automatically released. The Term Administrative Agent shall execute such acknowledgments and releases reasonably acceptable to it as the Borrower may reasonably request in connection with any such release, and the Term Administrative Agent shall be entitled to rely exclusively on an officer’s certificate of the Borrower when executing any such acknowledgment or release. Any execution and delivery of documents pursuant to such a release shall be without recourse to or warranty by the Term Administrative Agent and at the Borrower’s expense, in accordance with the Documentation Principles.
 
“ Excluded Equity Interests ” means:
 
(a)   more than 65% of the issued and outstanding voting equity interests of (1) each subsidiary that is a non-U.S. subsidiary and (2) each subsidiary that is a FSHCO;
 
(b)   any equity interests of (1) any person that is not a direct wholly-owned material subsidiary of the Borrower or any other Loan Party or (2) any equity interests in any other Person (other than a direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Borrower or any other Loan Party), in each case to the extent (x) the organization documents or other agreements with respect to such equity interests with other equity holders prohibits or restricts the pledge of such equity interests, (y) the pledge of such equity interests is otherwise prohibited or restricted by law, any agreement with a third party (other than the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries) or would result in a change of control, repurchase obligation or other adverse consequence (in each case, except to the extent that any such prohibition or restriction would be rendered ineffective under the UCC or other applicable law),
 
(c)   any margin stock,
 
(d)   any equity interest, if the pledge thereof or the security interest therein would result in material adverse tax consequences as reasonably determined by the Borrower in consultation with the Term Administrative Agent,
 
(e)   equity interests in any unrestricted subsidiaries, and
 
(f)   any equity interest with respect to which the Term Administrative Agent has determined in consultation with the Borrower that the costs of pledging, perfecting or maintaining the pledge in respect of such equity interest hereunder exceeds the fair market value thereof or the practical benefit to the secured parties afforded (or proposed to be afforded) thereby.
 
“ FSHCO ” means any direct or indirect U.S. subsidiary of the Borrower that has no material assets other than equity interests (or equity interests and indebtedness) in one or more non-U.S. subsidiaries or other FSHCOs.	
 
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Intercreditor Agreement :	  	The relative rights and priorities in the Collateral for the secured parties in (a) the ABL Facility and (b) the Term Facility will be set forth in the Intercreditor Agreement.	
		
Mandatory Prepayments :	  	Loans under the Term Facility and any Incremental Facility secured on a pari passu basis with the liens securing the Term Facility will be prepaid with:	
		
	  	(a)   (i) 50% (with step-downs to 25% and 0% based on achieving a First Lien Net Leverage Ratio of 0.50x and 1.0x, respectively, inside the Closing Date First Lien Net Leverage Ratio) of the Borrower’s annual Excess Cash Flow (to be defined in a manner consistent with the Documentation Principles), commencing with the first full fiscal year ending after the Closing Date; provided that (i) voluntary prepayments (including those made through debt buybacks made by the Borrower or any of its restricted subsidiaries in an amount equal to the discounted amount actually paid in respect of such debt buyback) of the Term Loans, any Indebtedness that is secured on a pari passu basis with the Initial Term Loans, loans under the ABL Facility (with respect to any revolving facility, to the extent accompanied by a permanent reduction of the corresponding commitment) made during such fiscal year (or, without duplication, after the end of such fiscal year but prior to the date of any Excess Cash Flow payment) will reduce the amount of Excess Cash Flow prepayments required for such fiscal year on a dollar-for-dollar basis (other than to the extent such prepayments are funded with the proceeds of long-term indebtedness), (ii) Excess Cash Flow will be reduced for, among other things, cash used for capital expenditures (other than to the extent financed with long-term indebtedness), permitted investments (including Permitted Acquisitions) and certain restricted payments, in each case, other than to the extent funded with long-term indebtedness, made during such fiscal year and (iii) excess cash flow sweeps not in excess of $15 million will not be required.	
		
	  	(b)   100% (with step-downs to 50% and 0% based on achieving a First Lien Net Leverage Ratio of 0.50x and 1.0x, respectively, inside the Closing Date First Lien Net Leverage Ratio) of the net cash proceeds of dispositions by the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries or casualty events in accordance with the Term Documentation Principles, but with exclusions consistent with the Term Documentation Principles or as the Borrower and the Lead Arrangers may agree, in excess of $20 million per transaction or series of related transactions and $40 million in the aggregate per fiscal year, and subject to the right of the Borrower to reinvest if such proceeds are reinvested (or committed to be reinvested) in assets used or useful in the business of the Borrower or any of its restricted subsidiaries within 18 months and, if so committed to be reinvested, reinvested no later than 180 days after the end of such 18-month period.	
 
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	  	(c)   100% of the net cash proceeds of non-ordinary course issuances of debt obligations of the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries after the Closing Date (other than permitted debt that is not credit agreement refinancing debt).	
		
	  	Mandatory prepayments pursuant to clauses (a), (b) and (c) above will be subject to customary limitations no less favorable than those set forth in the Identified Precedent to the extent required to be made from cash at non-U.S. subsidiaries, the repatriation of which would result in material adverse tax consequences (as determined by the Borrower in consultation with the Term Administrative Agent) or would be prohibited or restricted by applicable law.
 
Each Term Lender will have the right to reject its pro rata share of any mandatory prepayment (any such rejected mandatory prepayment amounts, the “ Declined Amounts ”), in which case the amounts so rejected will be retained by the Borrower (with no obligation to repay such loans in the future).	
		
	  	The above described mandatory prepayments will be applied on a pro rata basis to the Term Facility and to any Incremental Facility that is secured by liens which are pari passu with the liens securing the Term Facility (or a less than pro rata basis if permitted by such Incremental Facility) and to the installments thereof as directed by the Borrower (or, absent any such direction, in direct order of maturity of the remaining installments under the Term Facility and any Incremental Facility; provided , that the Term Loan Documents will provide that in the case of mandatory prepayments in respect of any Excess Cash Flow or any asset sale or Condemnation Event, a ratable portion of the net proceeds thereof may be applied to prepay or offer to purchase any Parity Lien Debt if required under the terms of such debt.
 
In addition, if a successful consent solicitation in connection with an Existing Notes LM Transaction shall have been achieved, Loans under the Term Facility will be prepaid on the date that is the later of (x) 45 business days following the Closing Date and (y) five business days following the consummation of such Existing Notes LM Transaction in an aggregate principal amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of any Impax Convertible Notes that are outstanding on such date. Such mandatory prepayment will be applied on a pro rata basis in direct order of maturity of the remaining installments thereunder.	
		
Voluntary Prepayments :	  	Voluntary prepayments of borrowings under the Term Facility and any Incremental Facility will be permitted at any time, without premium or penalty (other than, with respect to prepayments of any Initial Term Loans, any applicable Repricing Premium referred to below), subject to reimbursement of the Lenders’ redeployment costs actually incurred in the case of a prepayment of Adjusted LIBOR loans other than on the last day of the relevant interest period.	
		
	  	All voluntary prepayments under the Term Facility and any Incremental Facility will be applied as directed by the Borrower.	
 
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Repricing Premium :	  	In the event of a Repricing Transaction (as defined below) with respect to all or any portion of the Initial Term Loans prior to the six month anniversary of the Closing Date, the Borrower will be subject to a prepayment premium of 1% (a “ Repricing Premium ”) on the principal amount of such loans under the Term Facility prepaid, repaid or refinanced or, in the case of any amendment, the principal amount of the relevant loans outstanding immediately prior to such amendment or subject to a mandatory assignment in connection with such amendment.
 
The term “ Repricing Transaction ” means (a) the incurrence by the Borrower or any other subsidiary of any term loan indebtedness (i) having an all-in yield that is less than the all-in yield for the Initial Term Loans (in each case, the all-in-yield will exclude any structuring, commitment, arrangement, ticking or other similar fees (to the extent not paid or payable generally to all applicable lenders)), and (ii) the proceeds of which are used to prepay (or, in the case of a conversion, deemed to prepay or replace), in whole or in part, the outstanding principal of the Initial Term Loans or (b) any effective reduction in the all-in yield applicable to the Initial Term Loans (e.g., by way of amendment); provided that a Repricing Transaction will not include any event described in clause (a) or (b) above that (1) is not consummated for the primary purpose of lowering the all-in yield applicable to the Initial Term Loans or (2) that is consummated in connection with a change of control, an initial public offering or other Enterprise Transformative Event.
 
“ Enterprise Transformative Event ” means any merger, acquisition, investment, dissolution, liquidation, consolidation or disposition, in each case, by the Borrower or any restricted subsidiary that is either (a) not permitted by the terms of any Term Loan Documents immediately prior to the consummation of such transaction or (b) if permitted by the terms of the Term Loan Documents immediately prior to the consummation of such transaction, would not provide the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries with adequate flexibility under the Term Loan Documents for the continuation and/or expansion of their combined operations following such consummation, as reasonably determined by the Borrower acting in good faith.	
		
Limited Condition Transactions :	  	The Term Loan Documents will include limited condition transaction provisions consistent with the Term Documentation Principles with respect to transactions whose consummation is not conditioned on the availability of, or on obtaining, third party financing (“ Limited Condition Transactions ”).	
		
Representations and Warranties :	  	Subject to the Certain Funds Provisions and limited to the following (to be applicable to, the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries and as qualified by disclosure schedules to be delivered by the Borrower on the Closing Date containing information necessary to make such representations and warranties accurate and complete on the Closing Date): organization, existence, good standing, qualification and power; compliance with material laws; due authorization; no contravention with material laws, organizational documents, or material agreements; material governmental approvals; execution, delivery and	
 
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	  	enforceability of the Term Loan Documents; accuracy of financial statements and financial projections; no “Material Adverse Effect” after the Closing Date; litigation (subject to material adverse effect); labor matters (subject to material adverse effect); ownership of material property; environmental matters (subject to material adverse effect); taxes (subject to material adverse effect); ERISA compliance (subject to material adverse effect); subsidiaries; margin regulations; Investment Company Act; Patriot Act and applicable sanctions laws and anti-corruption laws; disclosure; material intellectual property; insurance; solvency on a consolidated basis as of the Closing Date consistent with the solvency certificate attached to this Commitment Letter; use of proceeds; and attachment and perfection of security interests in the Collateral (subject to permitted liens).	
		
Conditions Precedent to Initial Borrowing on the Closing Date :	  	Limited to the Financing Conditions (including and subject to the Certain Funds Provisions).	
		
Affirmative Covenants :	  	Limited to the following (to be applicable to the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries only): delivery of annual audited financial statements (within 90 days) (which may include a “going concern” qualification relating to an anticipated, but not actual, financial covenant default or to an upcoming maturity date) and quarterly (for the first three quarters of any fiscal year) unaudited (within 45 days) financial statements, annual budgets (within 60 days after the start of each fiscal year) and compliance certificates (within five days after delivery of annual audit and quarterly financial statements, as applicable); notices of default and other material events; payment of material taxes; maintenance of existence; maintenance of material properties; maintenance of insurance; commercially reasonable efforts to maintain public corporate credit or family ratings (but not to maintain a specific rating) for the Borrower and public facilities ratings (but not to maintain a specific rating) for the Term Facility; compliance with material laws (including material environmental laws, Patriot Act and applicable sanctions laws and anti-corruption laws); books and records; inspection rights of the Term Administrative Agent (subject to limitations on frequency and cost reimbursement and other than information subject to confidentiality obligations or attorney-client or other privilege); covenant to guarantee obligations and give security; further assurances as to security (including after-acquired property) and guarantees; designation of subsidiaries; and use of proceeds.	
		
Negative Covenants :	  	Limited to the following (to be applicable to the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries and subject to the Term Documentation Principles):
 
(a) liens securing indebtedness with baskets for (i) liens securing (1)  pari passu first lien debt subject to a pro forma First Lien Net Leverage Ratio of no greater than the Closing Date First Lien Net Leverage Ratio or such ratio prior to such lien’s attachment and (2) junior lien debt subject to a Total Net Leverage Ratio of no greater than the Closing Date Total Net Leverage Ratio or such ratio prior to such lien’s attachment, in each case calculated on a pro forma basis and	
 
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	  	excluding the cash proceeds of such proposed debt for netting purposes; (ii) a general basket equal to $225 million; (iii) liens on the Collateral securing the other Facilities (including Incremental Facilities, Incremental ABL Facilities, Incremental Equivalent Debt and any permitted refinancing thereof); (iv) liens on assets of non-Loan Party subsidiaries; (v) liens on assets that do not constitute Collateral not in excess of an amount to be agreed; (vi) other baskets and exceptions consistent with the Term Documentation Principles or as otherwise agreed by the Borrower and the Lead Arrangers;
 
(b) investments with baskets for (i) loans and advances to officers, directors and employees (x) to acquire equity in the Borrower or any parent thereof or for other customary purposes (e.g. travel, entertainment, relocation) and (y) otherwise not in excess of $20 million outstanding; (ii) investments in connection with the Transactions, (iii) investments in restricted subsidiaries (including entities that become restricted subsidiaries in connection with such investment) with a cap on investments in non-Loan Parties to be agreed; (iv) investments in unrestricted subsidiaries and similar business investments in an amount not to exceed $160 million; (v) a general basket equal to $320 million; (vi) Permitted Acquisitions; (vii) unlimited investments subject to compliance with a pro forma Total Net Leverage Ratio of not greater than 0.25x inside the Closing Date Total Net Leverage Ratio; and (viii) other baskets and exceptions consistent with the Term Documentation Principles or as otherwise agreed by the Borrower and the Lead Arrangers);
 
(c) debt with baskets for (i) contribution indebtedness (at 2x the aggregate cash or fair market value contributed); (ii) Ratio Debt (as defined below); (iii) capital lease/purchase money debt of $160 million without regard to any capital leases or purchase money indebtedness scheduled on the Closing Date; (iv) non-Loan Party debt equal to $160 million plus additional amounts in the form of working capital or other local lines of credit so long as not secured by Collateral and non-recourse to the Loan Parties; (v) cash collateralized letters of credit; (vi) non-speculative hedging arrangements and cash management arrangements; (vii) any indebtedness of the Company incurred or issued prior to the Closing Date which remains outstanding and is permitted to remain outstanding under the Acquisition Agreement; (ix) indebtedness arising from agreements providing for adjustments of purchase price or “earn outs” entered into in connection with acquisitions, (x) debt incurred and/or assumed in connection with a Permitted Acquisition or other permitted investment (subject in the case of (1) any such incurred debt only to the requirements applicable to the incurrence of Ratio Debt or (2) any such assumed debt only, that such assumed debt is not created in anticipation of such acquisition or investment), subject to a cap on such debt of non-Loan Parties to be agreed, (xi) the Facilities (including Incremental Facilities, Incremental ABL Facilities, Incremental Equivalent Debt and any permitted refinancing thereof); (xii) Refinancing Facilities; (xiii) a general basket equal to $225 million; and (xiv) other baskets and exceptions consistent with the Term Documentation Principles or as otherwise agreed by the Borrower and the Lead Arrangers;

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	  	(d) fundamental changes (which shall permit unlimited permitted investments consummated as mergers or consolidations in accordance with the Documentation Principles);
 
(e) dispositions, with a basket for (i) unlimited dispositions (the “ General Dispositions Basket ”) subject to receipt of fair market value and 75% cash or cash equivalent consideration (subject to exceptions to be set forth in the Term Loan Documents, which will include a basket of an amount to be agreed for non-cash consideration that may be designated as cash consideration), (ii) dispositions in connection with licensing of intellectual property to non-guarantor restricted subsidiaries in connection with bona fide tax planning purposes as determined in good faith by the Borrower), (iii) a de minimis basket for dispositions of property with a fair market value less than $10 million per transaction or series of related transactions or $50 million in the aggregate in any fiscal year and (iv) other baskets and exceptions consistent with the Term Documentation Principles or as otherwise agreed by the Borrower and the Lead Arrangers;
 
(f) restricted payments, with baskets for (i) equity buybacks upon death, disability or termination (etc.) subject to a cap of $25 million per fiscal year with rollover of unused amounts to subsequent calendar years; (ii) other equity redemptions up to $25 million per fiscal year; (iii) tax distributions equal to the Borrower’s taxable income (determined, if the Borrower is a disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as if the Borrower were instead a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) multiplied by the highest marginal combined federal, state and local income tax rate applicable to any direct or indirect owner (other than a person owning indirectly through an entity that is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) of the Borrower (or the Borrower’s regarded parent if the Borrower is a disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes), taking into account the deductibility of state and local income taxes for U.S. federal income tax purposes (and any limitations thereon) and not subject to cap or clawback; (iv) payment of legal, accounting and other ordinary course corporate overhead or other operational expenses of any such parent not to exceed an amount to be agreed in any fiscal year and for the payment of franchise or similar taxes; (v) dividends, distributions or redemptions in connection with the Transactions; (vi) a general basket equal to $200 million, subject to no event of default; (vii) unlimited restricted payments subject only to compliance with a pro forma Total Net Leverage Ratio of not greater than 0.75x inside the Closing Date Total Net Leverage Ratio; and (viii) other baskets and exceptions consistent with the Term Documentation Principles or as otherwise agreed by the Borrower and the Lead Arrangers);
 
(g) transactions with affiliates in excess of $20 million per transaction or a series of related transactions;
 
(h) restrictions on negative pledge clauses; and
 
(j) prepaying material junior lien or unsecured debt for borrowed money that is contractually subordinated in right of payment to the Term Facility and in excess of an amount to be agreed (the “ Junior Debt ”), or amendments of the documents governing such Junior Debt in	
 
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	  	a manner (when taken as a whole) materially adverse to the Lenders (when taken as a whole), which will permit, among other things, (i) regularly scheduled principal and interest, (ii) refinancing or exchanges of Junior Debt for other Junior Debt maturing no earlier, and not having a shorter weighted average life, than the Junior Debt being so refinanced or exchanged ( provided that such refinancing or exchange indebtedness shall be subordinated indebtedness if the Junior Debt so refinanced or exchanged was subordinated debt), (iii) conversion of Junior Debt to common or “qualified preferred” equity, (iv) a general basket equal to $200 million, subject to no event of default; (v) unlimited prepayments, purchases or redemptions of Junior Debt subject to compliance with a pro forma Total Net Leverage Ratio of not greater than 0.75x inside the Closing Date Total Net Leverage Ratio; and (vi) other baskets and exceptions consistent with the Term Documentation Principles and such other baskets and exceptions as otherwise agreed by the Borrower and the Lead Arrangers).
 
All dollar baskets will include a growing concept based on Consolidated EBITDA. The general basket for restricted payments may alternatively be used for investments and/or prepayments of Junior Debt, and the general basket for prepayments of Junior Debt may alternatively be used for restricted payments and/or investments (the “ Basket Reclassification ”). The Borrower shall be permitted to reclassify its debt and liens (other than debt under and liens securing the Facilities) incurred among baskets without limitation.
 
The Borrower and/or any restricted subsidiary will be permitted to make acquisitions of all or substantially all of the assets or a majority of the equity interests of a person or a line of business (each, a “ Permitted Acquisition ”), so long as, subject to the Borrower’s LCA Election rights (i) before and after giving effect thereto, no event of default (or, in the case of a Permitted Acquisition or other permitted investment, no payment or bankruptcy event of default) has occurred and is continuing, (ii) after giving effect thereto, the Borrower is in compliance with the permitted lines of business covenant and (iii) solely to the extent required by, and subject to the limitations set forth in “Guarantees” and “Security” above, the acquired company and its subsidiaries (other than any subsidiaries of the acquired company designated as an unrestricted subsidiary as provided in “Unrestricted Subsidiaries” below) will become Guarantors and pledge their Collateral to the Term Administrative Agent.
 
The Borrower and any restricted subsidiary will be permitted to incur indebtedness (“ Ratio Debt ”) so long as, subject to the Borrower’s LCA Election rights (a) before and after giving effect thereto, no payment or bankruptcy event of default has occurred and is continuing and (b) the aggregate principal amount of such Ratio Debt outstanding may not exceed after giving effect to the incurrence of such debt and the application of the proceeds thereof on a pro forma basis, as of the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter of the Borrower for which internal financial statements are available, an amount equal to the Ratio Debt Cap.
 
The Ratio Debt Cap means an amount equal to $100 million plus the Ratio Incremental Amount.

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	  	“ Ratio Incremental Amount” means :
 
(a) with respect to Ratio Debt to be secured on a pari passu basis with the Term Facility and subject to a customary intercreditor agreement, the Borrower’s First Lien Net Leverage Ratio exceeding (i) the Closing Date First Lien Net Leverage Ratio or (ii) such ratio prior to such incurrence;
 
(b) with respect to Ratio Debt secured on a junior lien basis to the Term Facility and subject to a customary intercreditor agreement, the Borrower’s Total Net Leverage Ratio exceeding (i) the Closing Date Total Net Leverage Ratio or (ii) such ratio prior to such incurrence; or
 
(c) with respect to unsecured Ratio Debt, either (i) the Borrower’s Total Net Leverage Ratio exceeding (x) the Closing Date Total Net Leverage Ratio or (y) such ratio prior to such incurrence or (ii) the Borrower’s Interest Coverage Ratio being no less than (x) 2.00:1.00 or (y) the Interest Coverage Ratio immediately prior to such incurrence,
 
in each case, as of the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter of the Borrower for which financial statements are available, calculated in each case on a pro forma basis (excluding the cash proceeds to the Borrower of any then proposed Ratio Debt for netting purposes).
 
Unless the Borrower elects otherwise, compliance will be deemed to be first pursuant to a basket or exception based on a financial ratio (to the maximum extent permitted by such basket or exception) prior to being determined to pursuant to any other basket or exception, including those based on a fixed dollar amount.
 
An Available Amount Basket will be included that, subject to the Borrower’s LCA Election rights, in the absence of a payment or bankruptcy event of default, may be used for investments, and subject to no event of default and, solely with respect to clause (b) of the definition of Available Amount Basket below, compliance with a 2.00:1.00 Interest Coverage Ratio test restricted payments and prepayments of Junior Debt.
 
“ Available Amount Basket ” will mean a cumulative amount equal to (a) the greater of (i) $165 million and (ii) an equivalent percentage of the Borrower’s Consolidated EBITDA for the most recently ended period of four fiscal quarters for which financial statements are available, calculated on a pro forma basis, plus (b) either, at the option of the Borrower to be made prior to the commencement of the general syndication of the Term Facility, (i) 50% of cumulative Consolidated Net Income or (ii) the retained portion of Excess Cash Flow for each fiscal year (commencing with the first full fiscal year ending after the Closing Date, and, with respect to clause (ii), measured with the positive Excess Cash Flow for each fiscal year less the amount of prepayments required to be made pursuant to the terms described above under “Mandatory Prepayments – Excess Cash Flow”), plus (c) the cash proceeds of new public or private qualified equity (other than contributions used to incur Indebtedness) issuances of the Borrower or	
 
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	  	any parent of the Borrower that are contributed to the Borrower as qualified equity, plus (d) qualified capital contributions to the Borrower made in cash or cash equivalents (other than Specified Equity Contributions and contributions used to incur Indebtedness), plus (e) the investments of the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries made using the Available Amount Basket in any unrestricted subsidiary that has been re-designated as a restricted subsidiary or that has been merged or consolidated with or into the Borrower or any of its restricted subsidiaries (up to the lesser of (i) the fair market value of the investments of the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries in such unrestricted subsidiary at the time of such re-designation or merger or consolidation and (ii) the fair market value of the original investments by the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries in such unrestricted subsidiary), plus (f) returns, profits, distributions and similar amounts received in cash or cash equivalents by the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries on investments made using the Available Amount Basket not in excess of such investments, plus (g) the aggregate amount of indebtedness (other than indebtedness owing to the Borrower or any of its restricted subsidiaries) that has been converted into or exchanged for equity interests (other than disqualified stock) of the Borrower, plus (h) any Declined Amounts, plus (i) amounts received by the Borrower or any of its restricted subsidiaries in cash from the sale of the equity interests of any unrestricted subsidiary or any dividend or other distribution by any unrestricted subsidiary, in each case, made in reliance on the Available Amount Basket.
 
Compliance with a negative covenant in the Term Loan Documents may be permitted in part by one basket or exception and in part by another, in the Borrower’s discretion, and the Borrower may designate and redesignate (the “ Redesignation ”) (on or after any applicable date) the baskets or exceptions available to it on such date (or any later date) upon with compliance is based.	
		
Term Facility Financial Covenant :	  	None.	
		
Unrestricted Subsidiaries :	  	The Term Loan Documents will permit the Borrower to designate any existing or subsequently acquired or organized subsidiary as an “unrestricted subsidiary” and subsequently re-designate any such unrestricted subsidiary as a restricted subsidiary; provided that no payment or bankruptcy event of default exists or would result therefrom at the time of designation. The designation of any unrestricted subsidiary as a restricted subsidiary shall be deemed to be an incurrence at the time of such designation of indebtedness of such subsidiary or liens on the assets of such subsidiary, in each case, outstanding on the date of such designation. The designation of any subsidiary as an unrestricted subsidiary shall constitute an investment for purposes of the investments negative covenant described under the caption “Negative Covenants” above. Unrestricted Subsidiaries will not be subject to the representations and warranties, covenants or events of default of the Term Loan Documents and the results of operations and indebtedness of unrestricted subsidiaries will not be taken into account for purposes of determining any financial ratio or covenant contained in	
 
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	  	the Term Loan Documents and any cash or cash equivalents of any unrestricted subsidiary will not be taken into account for purposes of any net debt test under the Term Loan Documents.	
		
Events of Default :	  	Limited to the following (to be applicable to the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries): nonpayment of principal, interest, and fees (with not less than a five business day grace period for interest and fees); failure to perform negative covenants, affirmative covenant to provide notice of default or maintain the Borrower’s corporate existence; failure to perform other covenants subject to a 30-day cure period after the earlier to occur of the date on which an executive officer of the Borrower becomes aware of such default and the date on which notice of default from the Term Administrative Agent is received; any representation or warranty incorrect in any material respect when made; cross-acceleration and cross-default to continuing defaults under other material indebtedness in an aggregate principal amount in excess of the Threshold Amount (other than the Facilities and indebtedness held exclusively by subsidiaries); bankruptcy and similar proceedings of the Borrower or a material subsidiary; material monetary judgment defaults in excess of the Threshold Amount (to the extent not covered by insurance or other indemnity); ERISA events subject to no material adverse effect; invalidity (actual or asserted by the Borrower or any other subsidiary) of the Term Loan Documents, the Term Guarantees, the Intercreditor Agreement, a material security interest or a material portion of the Collateral; and change of control. “ Threshold Amount ” will be defined as the greater of (x) $80 million and (y) 12.5% of the Borrower’s Consolidated EBITDA for the most recently ended period of four fiscal quarters for which financial statements are available, calculated on a pro forma basis.	
		
Voting :	  	Amendments and waivers of the Term Loan Documents will require the approval of Lenders (the “ Required Lenders ”) holding more than 50% of the aggregate amount of loans and commitments under the Term Facility, except that: (a) the consent of each Lender directly and adversely affected thereby shall be required with respect to (i) increases in commitments of such Lender, (ii) reductions of principal, interest (other than default interest) or fees owed to such Lender (it being understood and agreed that the waiver of any mandatory prepayment, default interest, default or event of default will only require the consent of the Required Lenders), (iii) extensions of scheduled amortization, date of payment of interest or any fee or final maturity (it being understood and agreed that the waiver of any mandatory prepayment, default interest, default or event of default will only require the consent of the Required Lenders), and (iv) changes to the pro rata sharing provisions (with exceptions for certain transactions and actions to be agreed, including loan buybacks, amend and extend transactions and defaulting lender actions); and (b) the consent of 100% of the Lenders will be required with respect to (i) changes in voting thresholds and (ii) subordination or releases of liens on all or substantially all of the Collateral or all or substantially all of the aggregate value of the Term Guarantees (other than in connection with any transfer or other release of Collateral or of the relevant Guarantor permitted by the Term Loan	
 
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	  	Documents). The consent of the Term Administrative Agent will be required to amend, modify or otherwise affect the rights and duties of the Term Administrative Agent. Disqualified Lenders will have limited voting rights (consistent with defaulting lenders) under the Term Facility and will be required to assign all loans and commitments then owned by such Disqualified Lender to another lender (other than a Defaulting Lender) or eligible assignee (and the Borrower shall be entitled to seek specific performance in any applicable court of law or equity to enforce this sentence), subject to customary provisions and limitations.	
		
	  	The Term Loan Documents shall contain customary provisions for replacing (i) non-consenting Lenders in connection with amendments and waivers requiring the consent of all Lenders or of all Lenders adversely affected thereby so long as relevant Lenders holding more than 50% of the aggregate amount of the loans and commitments under the relevant Facilities have consented thereto, (ii) non-extending Term Lenders, (iii) defaulting Term Lenders, and (iv) Term Lenders claiming increased costs, gross-ups and similar required indemnity payments.	
		
	  	The Facilities Documentation will contain customary “amend and extend” and “refinancing” provisions (on terms consistent with the Documentation Principles) pursuant to which the Borrower may refinance or extend commitments and/or outstandings pursuant to one or more tranches with only the consent of the respective extending or refinancing lenders; it being understood that each Lender under the applicable tranche or tranches that are being extended or refinanced shall have the opportunity to participate in such extension or refinancing on the same terms and conditions as each other lender in such tranche or tranches; provided that it is understood that no existing Lender will have any obligation to commit to any such extension or refinancing.
 
The Facilities Documentation will permit amendments thereof without the approval or consent of the Term Lenders to effect a Repricing Transaction other than any Term Lender holding Term Loans subject to such Repricing Transaction that will continue as a Term Lender in respect of the repriced tranche of Term Loans or modified Term Loans.	
		
Yield Protection and Increased Costs :	  	Usual for facilities and transactions of this type (including customary tax gross-up provisions and customary protections for increased costs imposed as a result of the Dodd-Frank Act or Basel III), in each case consistent with the Documentation Principles.	
		
Defaulting Lenders :	  	Consistent with the Documentation Principles. At the Borrower’s option, the Borrower may prepay the loans and/or terminate the commitments of any defaulting lender without penalty or premium.	
		
Assignments and Participations :	  	The Term Lenders will be permitted to assign loans and commitments (other than to natural persons or Disqualified Lenders) with the consent of the Borrower and the Term Administrative Agent, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned, it being agreed that it shall be reasonable to withhold consent to assignment to a Disqualified Lender); provided that no consent of the Borrower shall be	
 
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	  	required after the occurrence and during the continuance of a payment or bankruptcy event of default with respect to the Borrower or in the case of an assignment to a Lender, an affiliate of a Lender or an approved fund. The Borrower will be deemed to have consented to an assignment unless it objects thereto by written notice (including via email) to the Term Administrative Agent within 10 business days after having received written notice of a request for such consent from the Term Administrative Agent.
 
Each assignment will be in a minimum amount of $1.0 million. The Term Administrative Agent will receive a processing and recordation fee of $3,500, payable by the assignor and/or the assignee, with each assignment. Each prospective assignee and participant will be required to represent that it is not a Disqualified Lender or an affiliate of a Disqualified Lender, in each case to the extent a list of Disqualified Lenders has been made available to the prospective assignee or participant, as applicable. As used herein, “approved fund” means, with respect to any Lender, any fund that is administered, advised or managed by (i) such Lender, (ii) an affiliate of such Lender or (iii) any entity or an affiliate of an entity that administers, advises or manages such Lender.
 
Assignments of Term Loans and loans under Incremental Facilities to the Investors (to be defined in the Term Loan Documents) and their affiliates (other than the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries) (each, an “ Affiliated Lender ”) will be permitted (a) on a non-pro rata basis through open market purchases and/or (b) through Dutch auctions open to all Lenders on a pro rata basis in accordance with customary procedures, subject to the following limitations:
 
(a)   for purposes of any amendment, waiver or modification of the Term Loan Documents that does not require the consent of each Lender or each affected Lender or does not adversely affect such Affiliated Lender in its capacity as such in any material respect as compared to other Lenders and for purposes of any bankruptcy plan of reorganization or liquidation, Affiliated Lenders will be deemed to have voted in the same proportion as non-affiliated Lenders voting on such matter;
 
(b)   Affiliated Lenders will not be permitted to attend/participate in conference calls or meetings attended solely by the Lenders and the Term Administrative Agent, or to receive information provided solely to the Lenders or to receive the advice of counsel to the Term Administrative Agent or the Lenders, nor may Affiliated Lenders challenge the attorney-client privilege between the Term Administrative Agent and counsel to the Term Administrative Agent or between the Lenders and counsel to the Lenders;
 
(c)   loans owned or held by the Affiliated Lenders must not, in the aggregate for all such persons, exceed 25% of the aggregate amount of loans under the Term Facility and any Incremental Term Facility, as the case may be, outstanding at the time of assignment or purchase; and

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	  	(d)   any assignment and assumption agreement executed in connection with such purchases or sales will be accompanied by a customary big boy letter;
 
provided , that a Debt Fund Affiliate (as defined below) will not be subject to the foregoing limitations described in clauses (a) through (d) above; provided , further , that all loans held by Debt Fund Affiliates may not account for more than 49.9% of the loans of consenting Lenders included in determining whether Required Lenders have consented to any amendment, modification, waiver or any other action with respect to any of the terms of, or otherwise have acted on any manner with respect to, the Term Loan Documents.
 
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Term Loan Documents will permit (but not require) Affiliated Lenders to contribute any Term Loans acquired to the Borrower or any of its restricted subsidiaries for purposes of cancelling such debt, which may include contribution (with the consent of the Borrower) to the Borrower (whether through any of its direct or indirect parent entities or otherwise) in exchange for debt on a dollar-for-dollar basis or equity securities of such parent entity or the Borrower that are otherwise permitted to be incurred or issued by such entity or the Borrower at such time.
 
In addition, the Term Loan Documents will provide that assignments of loans under the Term Facility to the Borrower or any of its subsidiaries will be permitted through (a) open-market purchases on a non-pro rata basis and/or (b) Dutch auctions open to all Lenders on a pro rata basis in accordance with customary procedures, in each case so long as (i) no payment or bankruptcy event of default has occurred and is continuing or would result after giving effect to any such assignment pursuant to clause (b); and (ii) the loans purchased are automatically and permanently cancelled.	
		
	  	The Lenders will be permitted to participate loans and commitments to other people (other than natural persons and Disqualified Lenders). Voting rights of participants will be limited to matters in respect of (i) increases in commitments participated to such participant, (ii) reductions of principal, interest (other than default interest) or fees in respect of loans participated to such participant (it being understood and agreed that the waiver of any mandatory prepayment, default interest, default or event of default will not require the consent of such participant), (iii) extensions of scheduled amortization, date of payment of interest and any fee or final maturity (it being understood and agreed that the waiver of any mandatory prepayment, default interest, default or event of default will not require the consent of such participant), and (iv) releases of all or substantially all of the Collateral or all or substantially all of the aggregate value of the Guarantees (other than in connection with any sale of Collateral or of the relevant Guarantor permitted by the Term Loan Documents).
 
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Term Loan Documents, in no event will the Term Administrative Agent be responsible or have any liability for, or have any duty to ascertain, inquire into, monitor or enforce, compliance with the provisions of the Term Loan Documents	
 
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	  	relating to Disqualified Lenders. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Term Administrative Agent in its capacity as such shall not (x) be obligated to ascertain, monitor or inquire as to whether any Term Lender or participant in Term Loans or prospective Term Lender or participant in Term Loans is a Disqualified Lender or (y) have any liability with respect to or arising out of any assignment or participation of Term Loans or (except to the extent constituting gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct) disclosure of confidential information, to any Disqualified Lender.
 
“ Debt Fund Affiliate ” means (a) any affiliate of an Investor (other than the Borrower or any of its subsidiaries) that is a bona fide debt fund or investment vehicle that is engaged in the business of investing in, acquiring or trading commercial loans, bonds or similar extensions of credit in the ordinary course and that exercises investment discretion independent from the private equity business of such Investor and (b) any investment fund or account of a Permitted Investor managed by third parties (including by way of a managed account, a fund or an index fund in which a Permitted Investor has invested) that is not organized or used primarily for the purpose of making equity investments, in each case (a) and (b), with respect to which the Investor or Permitted Investor does not, directly or indirectly, possess the power to direct or cause the direction of the investment policies of such entity.
“Permitted Investors” means (a) any of the Investors, (b) each of the affiliates and investment managers of the Investors, (c) any fund or account managed by any of the persons described in clause (a) or (b) of this definition, (d) any employee benefit plan of the Borrower or any of its subsidiaries and any person or entity acting in its capacity as trustee, agent or other fiduciary or administrator of any such plan, and (e) investment vehicles of members of management of the Borrower that invest in, acquire or trade commercial loans but excluding natural persons.	
		
Expenses and Indemnification :	  	The expense and indemnification provisions to be set forth in the Term Loan Documents will be substantially consistent with those set forth in Identified Precedent and otherwise consistent with the Term Documentation Principles.	
		
Governing Law and Forum :	  	New York.	
		
Counsel to Term Administrative Agent and Lead Arrangers :	  	Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP	
 
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ANNEX I TO EXHIBIT C

Interest Rates :	  	The interest rates under the Term Facility will be as follows:	
		
	  	At the option of the Borrower, Adjusted LIBOR plus the Applicable Margin or ABR plus the Applicable Margin.	
		
	  	As used herein:	
		
	  	“ Adjusted LIBOR ” means the London interbank offered rate, adjusted for statutory reserve requirements; provided that “Adjusted LIBOR” shall be no less than 0.00% per annum.	
		
	  	“ ABR ” means, for any day, a rate per annum equal to the greatest of (a) the prime rate in effect of such day, (b) the NYFRB rate in effect on such day plus  1 ⁄ 2 of 1%, (c) the Adjusted LIBOR rate for a one-month interest period on such day (or if such day is not a business day, the immediately preceding business day) plus 1% and (d) 1.00% per annum.	
		
	  	“ Applicable Margin ” means, initially, (i) 2.50% per annum, in the case of ABR loans, and (ii) 3.50% per annum, in the case of Adjusted LIBOR loans and subject to adjustment as specified in the following paragraph.
 
From and after the first full fiscal quarter completed after the Closing Date, the Applicable Margin under the Term Facility shall be subject to two 25 bps step-downs upon achieving a reduction to the Closing Date First Lien Net Leverage Ratio of 0.25x and 0.50x, respectively.	
		
	  	Adjusted LIBOR borrowings may be made for interest periods of 1, 2, 3 or 6 (or, if agreed to by all applicable Lenders, 12) months or a shorter period as may be agreed by all applicable Lenders, as selected by the Borrower.	
		
	  	Interest on loans and all fees will be payable in arrears on the basis of a 360-day year (calculated on the basis of actual number of days elapsed), provided that interest on ABR loans, when based on the Term Administrative Agent’s prime rate, will be payable in arrears on the basis of a 365-day year (or a 366-day year in a leap year), in each case calculated on the basis of the actual number of days elapsed. Interest will be payable on Adjusted LIBOR loans on the last day of the applicable interest period (and at the end of each three months, in the case of interest periods longer than three months) and upon prepayment, and on ABR loans quarterly and upon prepayment.	
		
Default Rate :	  	Upon and during the continuance of a payment or bankruptcy event of default, overdue amounts shall bear interest at, with respect to principal, the applicable interest rate plus 2.00% per annum and, with respect to any other amount, the interest rate applicable to ABR loans plus 2.00% per annum, and in each case shall be payable on demand.	
 
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CONFIDENTIAL	  	EXHIBIT D	
Project Apex
Financing Conditions
Capitalized terms used in this Exhibit  D have the meanings set forth in the Commitment Letter to which this Exhibit  D is attached and the other Exhibits to the Commitment Letter. The commitments of the Initial Lenders, the Lead Arrangers’ and other agents’ agreements to perform the services described herein and the availability and the funding of the Facilities on the Closing Date are subject only to the satisfaction (or waiver by the Lead Arrangers) of only the following conditions precedent (in each case subject to the Certain Funds Provisions):
 
1.	The Acquisition shall be consummated pursuant to the Acquisition Agreement, substantially concurrently with the initial funding of the Term Facility, and no provision thereof shall have been amended, modified or waived, and no consent shall have been given thereunder, in each case in any manner materially adverse to the interests of the Commitment Parties or the Lenders without the prior written consent of the Commitment Parties (it being understood and agreed that any modification, amendment, consent or waiver of the definition of “Impax Material Adverse Effect” contained in the Acquisition Agreement as in effect on October 17, 2017 shall be deemed to be materially adverse to the interests of the Commitment Parties and the Lenders).	
 
2.	The Refinancing shall have been consummated or will be consummated substantially concurrently with the initial borrowing under the Facilities.	
 
3.	The Commitment Parties will have received the following (such credit agreements, guarantee and security agreements, collectively, the “ Facilities Documentation ”), in each case containing terms that are materially consistent with the provisions of the applicable Term Sheet and the Documentation Principles and subject to the Certain Funds Provisions:	
 
 	(a)	(i) a credit agreement with respect to the ABL Facility and (ii) a customary guarantee and security agreement, with respect to the ABL Facility pursuant to which a lien is granted on the Collateral in favor of the ABL Administrative Agent for the ratable benefit of the Lenders under the ABL Facility and the ABL Administrative Agent is authorized to file customary “all asset” UCC-1 financing statements with respect thereto, in each case, executed by the Borrower and each of the other Loan Parties party thereto;	
 
 	(b)	(i) a credit agreement with respect to the Term Facility and (ii) a customary guarantee and security agreement, with respect to the Term Facility pursuant to which a lien is granted on the Collateral in favor of the Term Administrative Agent for the ratable benefit of the Lenders under the Term Facility and the Term Administrative Agent is authorized to file customary “all asset” UCC-1 financing statements with respect thereto, in each case, executed by the Borrower and each of the other Loan Parties party thereto;	
 
 	(c)	an acknowledgment to an intercreditor agreement with respect to the Facilities executed by the Borrower and each of the other Loan Parties signatory thereto;	
 
 	(d)	customary security agreements for filing in (i) the United States Patent and Trademark Office with respect to any material U.S. registered patents and material U.S. registered trademarks and any applications therefor and (ii) the United States Copyright Office of the Library of Congress with respect to material copyright registrations, in each case constituting Collateral;	
 
 	(e)	to the extent delivered to the Borrower in connection with the Refinancing , certificated securities representing the equity interests in the Borrower’s wholly-owned material U.S. subsidiaries, in each case to the extent constituting Collateral and with customary stock powers executed in blank; and	
 
 	(f)	to the extent delivered to the Borrower pursuant to the terms of the Acquisition Agreement, certificated securities representing the equity interests in the Company’s wholly-owned material U.S. subsidiaries, in each case to the extent constituting Collateral and with customary stock powers executed in blank.	
 
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4.	The Commitment Parties will have received the following (collectively, the “ Closing Deliverables ”) in each case subject to the Certain Funds Provisions and the Documentation Principles:	
 
 	(a)	customary legal opinions from counsel to the Borrower and the other Loan Parties;	
 
 	(b)	a customary officers’ certificate, containing organizational documents, customary evidence of authorization and a customary incumbency certificate from any of the officers of the Borrower (and the officers of the other Loan Parties) executing the Facilities Documentation;	
 
 	(c)	good standing certificates (to the extent applicable) from the Secretary of State or such other office of the Borrower’s and each of the other Loan Parties’ jurisdiction of organization;	
 
 	(d)	a solvency certificate substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit E to the Commitment Letter from the chief financial officer or other officer with equivalent duties of the Borrower; and	
 
 	(e)	a customary borrowing request, which may be delivered on or prior to the Closing Date.	
 
5.	Since the date of the Acquisition Agreement, there shall not have been any change, effect, event, circumstance, occurrence or state of facts that has had or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, an Impax Material Adverse Effect (as defined in the Acquisition Agreement as in effect on October 17, 2017).	
 
6.	The Initial Lenders shall have received at least two Business Days prior to the Closing Date all outstanding documentation and other information about the Loan Parties required under applicable “know your customer” and anti-money laundering rules and regulations, including the Patriot Act, that in each case has been specifically requested by the Lead Arrangers in writing at least ten business days prior to the Closing Date.	
 
7.	Payment of fees and expenses due to the Commitment Parties under the Commitment Papers, to the extent (x) in the case of expenses and legal fees invoiced in reasonable detail at least three business days prior to the Closing Date (except as otherwise reasonably agreed by you) and (y) required to be paid on the Closing Date.	
 
8.	An Existing Notes LM Transaction (as defined in the Fee Letter) shall have been undertaken at least 3 business days prior to the Acquisition Date.	
 
9.	The Registration Statement (as defined in the Acquisition Agreement as of October 17, 2017) shall have been declared effective under the Securities Act (as defined in the Acquisition Agreement as of October 17, 2017).	
 
10.	The Acquisition Agreement Representations and the Specified Representations shall have been true and correct in all material respects (or in all respects if already qualified by materiality) as of the Closing Date.	
[remainder of page intentionally left blank]
 
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CONFIDENTIAL	  	EXHIBIT E	
Form of Solvency Certificate
Date: [                ,         ]
To the Administrative Agent and each of the Lenders
party to the Credit Agreement referred to below:
Pursuant to Section [        ] of the Credit Agreement 4 , the undersigned, solely in the undersigned’s capacity as [ chief financial officer][ specify other officer with equivalent duties ] of the Borrower, hereby certifies, on behalf of Borrower and not in the undersigned’s individual or personal capacity and without personal liability, that, to his knowledge, as of the Closing Date, after giving effect to the Transactions (including the making of the Loans under the Credit Agreement on the Closing Date and the application of the proceeds thereof):
 
 	(a)	the fair value of the assets of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis, exceeds their debts and liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, on a consolidated basis;	
 
 	(b)	the present fair saleable value of the property of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis, is greater than the amount that will be required to pay the probable liability, on a consolidated basis, of their debts and other liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, on a consolidated basis, as such debts and other liabilities become absolute and matured;	
 
 	(c)	the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis, are able to pay their debts and liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, on a consolidated basis, as such liabilities become absolute and matured; and	
 
 	(d)	the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis, are not engaged in, and are not about to engage in, business for which they have unreasonably small capital.	
For purposes of this Solvency Certificate, the amount of any contingent liability at any time shall be computed as the amount that would reasonably be expected to become an actual and matured liability. Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Credit Agreement.
The undersigned is familiar with the business and financial position of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries. In reaching the conclusions set forth in this Solvency Certificate, the undersigned has made such investigations and inquiries as the undersigned has deemed appropriate, having taken into account the nature of the business proposed to be conducted by the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries after consummation of the Transactions.
* * *
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Solvency Certificate, solely in the undersigned’s capacity as [chief financial officer][ specify other officer with equivalent duties ] of the Borrower, on behalf of Borrower and not in the undersigned’s individual or personal capacity and without personal liability, as of the date first stated above.

                [Borrower]	
		
By:    	 	 	
	 	Name:	
	 	Title:   [Chief Financial Officer]	

4  	Credit Agreement to be defined.	
 
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CONFIDENTIAL	  	EXHIBIT F	
Select Definitions
The financial definitions in the Facilities Documentation will be substantially consistent with the equivalent definitions of such terms in the Identified Precedent, after giving effect to the Documentation Principles and as modified, solely to the extent more favorable to the Borrower, as set forth below.
“ Consolidated EBITDA ” means, with respect to any Person for any Test Period, Consolidated Net Income of such Person for such Test Period, adjusted by:
(1) adding thereto, in each case, only to the extent deducted (and not added back) in determining such Consolidated Net Income and without duplication:
 
(a)	consolidated interest expense of such Person for such Test Period, including (i) payments made in respect of hedging obligations or other derivative instruments entered into for the purpose of hedging interest rate risk, (ii) amortization and write-offs of deferred financing fees, debt issuance costs, commissions, fees and expenses and expensing of bridge, commitment or financing fees, and (iii) dividend payments (excluding items eliminated in consolidation) on any series of disqualified equity interests;	
 
(b)	Consolidated Amortization Expense for such Test Period;	
 
(c)	Consolidated Depreciation Expense for such Test Period;	
 
(d)	Consolidated Tax Expense for such Test Period;	
 
(e)	the amount of any restructuring, severance, relocation, consolidation, integration, remediation or similar items or reserves in such Test Period (whether or not characterized as such in accordance with GAAP), including items or reserves incurred or taken in connection with (i) Permitted Acquisitions and other permitted investments after the Closing Date and (ii) severance and the consolidation or closing of any facilities after the Closing Date;	
 
(f)	the amount of costs relating to signing, retention and completion bonuses, relocation expenses, recruiting expenses, costs and expenses incurred in connection with any strategic or new initiatives, transition costs, consolidation and closing costs for facilities, business optimization expenses and new systems design and implementation costs;	
 
(g)	the amount of “run-rate” cost savings, operating expense reductions and synergies related to the Transactions, any Specified Transaction or any other restructuring, cost saving initiative or other initiative that are projected by such Person in good faith to result from actions taken, committed to be taken or expected to be taken no later than 24 months after the end of such Test Period (which amounts will be determined by such Person in good faith and calculated on a pro forma basis as though such amounts had been realized on the first day of such Test Period), net of the amount of actual benefits realized during such Test Period from such actions;	
 
(h)	any costs or expenses incurred in such Test Period pursuant to or in connection with or resulting from any management equity plan, profits interest or stock option plan or any other management or employee benefit plan or agreement or any post-employment benefit plans or agreements or any grants or sales of stock, stock appreciation or similar rights, stock options, restricted stock, preferred stock or other similar rights or any stock subscription, stockholders or partnership agreement;	
 
(i)	any net loss from disposed, abandoned, closed or discontinued operations;	
 
(j)	cash receipts (or any netting arrangements resulting in reduced cash expenditures) not representing Consolidated EBITDA or Consolidated Net Income in any Test Period to the extent non-cash gains relating to such income were deducted in the calculation of Consolidated EBITDA pursuant to paragraph (2) below for any previous Test Period and not added back;	
 
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(k)	any non-cash charges or expenses reducing Consolidated Net Income for such Test Period ( provided that if any such non-cash item represents an accrual or reserve for potential cash items in any future Test Period, (i) such Person may determine not to add back such non-cash item in the current Test Period and (ii) to the extent such Person does decide to add back such non-cash item, the cash payment in respect thereof in such future Test Period shall be subtracted from Consolidated EBITDA to such extent, and excluding amortization of a prepaid cash item that was paid in a prior Test Period);	
 
(l)	all charges, costs, expenses, accruals or reserves in connection with the rollover, acceleration or payout of equity interests held by officers or employees of such Person and all losses, charges and expenses related to payments made to holders of options or other derivative equity interests in the common equity of such Person or any direct or indirect parent thereof in connection with, or as a result of, any distribution being made to equity holders of such Person or any direct or indirect parent thereof, which payments are being made to compensate such option holders as though they were equity holders at the time of, and entitled to share in, such distribution;	
 
(m)	the amount of any expenses paid on behalf of any member of the board of directors or reimbursable to such member of the board of directors;	
 
(n)	all judgments, liabilities, obligations, damages of any kind, including liquidated damages, settlement amounts, losses, fines, costs, fees, expenses (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements), penalties and interest and other charges or expenses in connection with any lawsuit or other proceeding against such Person and its Subsidiaries; provided, that the amounts added back pursuant to this clause (o) shall not exceed 15% of Consolidated EBITDA prior to giving effect to this clause (o);	
 
(o)	losses or discounts on any sale of receivables, securitization assets and related assets to any securitization subsidiary in connection with a securitization transaction permitted hereunder;	
 
(p)	earn-outs and contingent consideration obligations(including to the extent accounted for as bonuses and other compensation), payments in respect of dissenting shares, and purchase price adjustments, made by such Person during such Test Period, in each case, in connection with a permitted investment or acquisition;	
 
(q)	the amount of any contingent payments in connection with the licensing of intellectual property or other assets;	
 
(r)	any extraordinary, non-recurring or unusual costs items;	
 
(s)	other adjustments consistent with Regulation S-X; and	
(2) subtracting therefrom, in each case only to the extent (and in the same proportion) included or added in determining such Consolidated Net Income and without duplication:
 
 	(a)	the aggregate amount of all non-cash items increasing Consolidated Net Income (other than (i) the accrual of revenue or recording of receivables in the ordinary course of business and (ii) the reversal of any accrual of a reserve referred to in the parenthetical in clause (1)(k) of this definition (other than any such reversal that results from a cash payment subtracted from Consolidated EBITDA)) for such Test Period;	
 
 	(b)	any extraordinary, non-recurring or unusual gains; and	
 
 	(c)	any net income from disposed, abandoned, closed or discontinued operations.	
Notwithstanding the foregoing, Consolidated EBITDA of the Borrower (i) for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2017, shall be deemed to be $141,670,000, (ii) for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2017, shall be deemed to be $170,000,000, (iii) for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2017, shall be deemed to be $185,000,000, and (iv) for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2018, shall be deemed to be $144,500,000, as such amounts may be adjusted pursuant to pro forma adjustments permitted by this Agreement.
“ Consolidated Amortization Expense ” means, with respect to any Person for any Test Period, the amortization expense of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such Test Period, including the
 
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amortization of deferred financing fees or costs for such Test Period, determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP.
“ Consolidated Cash Interest Expense ” means, with respect to any Person (on a consolidated basis) for any Test Period, the sum of: (1) cash consolidated interest expense (less cash interest income) for such period plus (2) all cash dividend payments (excluding items eliminated in consolidation) on any series of disqualified equity interests made during such period.
“ Consolidated Depreciation Expense ” means, with respect to any Person for any Test Period, the depreciation expense of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such Test Period, determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP.
“ Consolidated Net Debt ” means, as of any date of determination, (a) Consolidated Total Debt minus (b) the aggregate amount of cash and cash equivalents of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries as of such date that are not restricted.
“ Consolidated Net Income ” means, with respect to any Person for any Test Period, the Net Income of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP; provided that there shall be excluded from such consolidated net income (to the extent otherwise included therein), without duplication:
 
(1)	the Net Income for such Test Period of any Person that is not a Subsidiary, or is an Unrestricted Subsidiary, or that is accounted for by the equity method of accounting, shall be excluded; provided that the Borrower’s or any Restricted Subsidiary’s equity in the Net Income of such Person shall be included in the Consolidated Net Income of the Borrower for such Test Period up to the aggregate amount of dividends or distributions or other payments in respect of such equity that are actually paid in cash (or to the extent converted into cash) by such Person to the Borrower or a Restricted Subsidiary, in each case, in such Test Period, to the extent not already included therein (subject in the case of dividends, distributions or other payments in respect of such equity made to a Restricted Subsidiary to the limitations contained in clause (2) below);	
 
(2)	solely with respect to the calculation of Available Amount and Excess Cash Flow, (a) the Net Income of any Subsidiary of such Person during such Test Period to the extent that the declaration or payment of dividends or similar distributions by such Subsidiary of that income is not permitted by operation of the terms of its Organization Documents or any agreement, instrument or requirement of Law applicable to such Subsidiary during such Test Period; provided that Consolidated Net Income of such Person shall be increased by the amount of dividends or distributions or other payments that are actually paid to such Person or its Restricted Subsidiaries in respect of such Test Period and (b) the Net Income of any Person for the period prior to it becoming a Subsidiary;	
 
(3)	any gain (or loss), together with any related provisions for taxes on any such gain (or the tax effect of any such loss), realized by such Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries during such Test Period upon any asset sale or other disposition of any Equity Interests of any Person (other than any dispositions in the ordinary course of business) by such Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries;	
 
(4)	gains and losses due solely to fluctuations in currency values and the related tax effects determined in accordance with GAAP for such Test Period;	
 
(5)	earnings (or losses), including any impairment charge, resulting from any reappraisal, revaluation or write-up (or write-down) of assets during such Test Period;	
 
(6)	(a) unrealized gains and losses with respect to Hedge Agreements for such Test Period pursuant to the application of Accounting Standards Codification 815 (Derivatives and Hedging) and (b) any after-tax effect of income (or losses) for such Test Period that result from the early extinguishment of (i) Indebtedness, (ii) obligations under any Hedge Agreements or (iii) other derivative instruments;	
 
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(7)	any extraordinary, non-recurring or unusual gain (or extraordinary, non-recurring or unusual loss), together with any related provision for taxes on any such gain (or the tax effect of any such loss), recorded or recognized by such Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries during such Test Period;	
 
(8)	the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principles and changes as a result of the adoption or modification of accounting policies during such Test Period;	
 
(9)	any after-tax gains (or losses) on disposal of disposed, abandoned or discontinued operations for such Test Period;	
 
(10)	effects of adjustments (including the effects of such adjustments pushed down to such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries) in the inventory, property and equipment, software, goodwill, other intangible assets, in-process research and development, deferred revenue, debt and unfavorable or favorable lease line items in such Person’s consolidated financial statements pursuant to GAAP for such Test Period resulting from the application of purchase accounting in relation to the Transactions or any acquisition consummated prior to the Closing Date and any Permitted Acquisition or other investment or the amortization or write-off of any amounts thereof, net of taxes, for such Test Period;	
 
(11)	any non-cash compensation charge or expense (including any deferred non-cash compensation expense) for such Test Period, including any such charge or expense arising from the grants of stock appreciation or similar rights, stock options, restricted stock or other rights and any cash charges or expenses associated with the rollover, acceleration or payout of Equity Interests by, or to, management of the such Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in connection with the Transactions;	
 
(12)	(a) Transaction Costs incurred during such Test Period (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any charges, costs or expenses pursuant to or in connection with or resulting from any Existing Notes Offer) and (b) any fees and expenses incurred during such Test Period, or any amortization thereof for such Test Period, in connection with any acquisition (other than the Transactions), investment, disposition, issuance or repayment of Indebtedness, issuance of Equity Interests, refinancing transaction or amendment or modification of any debt or equity instrument (in each case, including any such transaction whether consummated on, after or prior to the Closing Date and any such transaction undertaken but not completed) and any charges or non-recurring costs incurred during such Test Period as a result of any such transaction;	
 
(13)	any expenses, charges or losses for such Test Period that are covered by indemnification or other reimbursement provisions in connection with any investment, Permitted Acquisition or any sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition of assets permitted under this Agreement, to the extent actually reimbursed, or, so long as the Borrower has made a determination that a reasonable basis exists for indemnification or reimbursement and only to the extent that such amount is in fact indemnified or reimbursed within 365 days of such determination (with a deduction in the applicable future period for any amount so added back to the extent not so indemnified or reimbursed within such 365 days); and	
 
(14)	to the extent covered by insurance and actually reimbursed, or, so long as the Borrower has made a determination that there exists reasonable evidence that such amount will in fact be reimbursed within 365 days of the date of such determination (with a deduction in the applicable future period for any amount so added back to the extent not so reimbursed within such 365 days), expenses, charges or losses for such Test Period with respect to liability or casualty events or business interruption.	
“ Consolidated First Lien Net Debt ” means, as of any date of determination, (a) Consolidated Total Debt outstanding as of such date under the Facility and any other Consolidated Total Debt outstanding as of such date that is secured by a Lien on the ABL Priority Collateral that is [ pari passu with] [senior to or pari passu ] with the Lien securing the Obligations or that is secured by a Lien on the Term Priority Collateral that is [senior to or pari passu with] [ pari passu with] the Lien securing the Obligations minus (b) cash and cash equivalents and short term investments of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries as of such date that are not restricted; provided that for purposes of calculating the amount of Consolidated First Lien Net Debt with respect to any Indebtedness being incurred in reliance on compliance with any financial ratio-based incurrence test, unrestricted cash, cash
 
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equivalents and short term investments will not include any proceeds received from such Indebtedness. For the avoidance of doubt, Indebtedness in respect of the [Term Loan] [ABL] Credit Agreement will constitute Consolidated First Lien Net Debt.
“Consolidated Tax Expense ” means, with respect to any Person for any Test Period, taxes based on gross receipts, income, profits or capital, franchise, excise or similar taxes, and foreign withholding taxes, of such Person for such Test Period, including (1) penalties and interest related thereto and (2) tax distributions made to any direct or indirect holders of equity interests of such Person in respect of any such taxes.
“ Consolidated Total Debt ” means, as of any date of determination, the aggregate principal amount of Indebtedness of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries outstanding on such date, determined on a consolidated basis (but excluding the effects of the application of purchase accounting in connection with the Transactions, any Permitted Acquisition or any other investment permitted hereunder), consisting of Indebtedness for borrowed money, unreimbursed obligations in respect of drawn letters of credit (to the extent not cash collateralized), obligations in respect of Capitalized Leases, debt obligations evidenced by promissory notes or similar instruments and obligations with respect to disqualified equity interests; provided that Consolidated Total Debt shall not include Indebtedness in respect of (i) any securitization financing permitted hereunder, (ii) any letter of credit, except to the extent of unreimbursed obligations in respect of drawn letters of credit ( provided that any unreimbursed amount under commercial letters of credit shall not be counted as Consolidated Total Debt until three business days after such amount is drawn (it being understood that any borrowing, whether automatic or otherwise, to fund such reimbursement shall be counted)) and (iii) obligations under Hedge Agreements.]
“ First Lien Net Leverage Ratio ” means, with respect to any Test Period, the ratio of (a) Consolidated First Lien Net Debt outstanding as of the last day of such Test Period to (b) Consolidated EBITDA of the Borrower for such Test Period.
“ Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio ” means, as of any date, the ratio of:
 
(1)	(a) Consolidated EBITDA of the Borrower for the most recent Test Period, minus (b) cash taxes and other tax distributions, minus (c) non-financed cash Capital Expenditures of the Borrower for such period (it being understood that capital expenditures funded with proceeds of revolving loans will not be deemed to be “financed” for the purpose of this clause (c)), to	
 
(2)	Fixed Charges of the Borrower for such Test Period.	
“ Fixed Charges ” means, for any period, the sum of the following for such period:
 
(1)	Consolidated Cash Interest Expense for such period, plus	
 
(2)	all scheduled principal amortization payments that were paid or payable in cash during such period with respect to Indebtedness for borrowed money of the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries, including payments in respect of Capital Leases but excluding payments with respect to intercompany Indebtedness.	
“ Interest Coverage Ratio ” means, as of any date, the ratio of (a) Consolidated EBITDA to (b) Consolidated Cash Interest Expense for such Test Period, in each case of clause (a) and (b) calculated on a pro forma basis for the most recently ended Test Period as of such date.
“ Net Income ” means, with respect to any Person, the net income (loss) of such Person, determined in accordance with GAAP and before any reduction in respect of preferred stock dividends.
“ Test Period ” means, at any time, (1) with respect to the Borrower, the four consecutive fiscal quarters of the Borrower most recently ended (in each case taken as one accounting period) for which financial statements have been or are required to be delivered pursuant to [applicable sections of Credit Agreement] and (2) in the case of any Person other than the Borrower, for the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters most closely corresponding to the period set forth in clause (1).
 
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“ Total Net Leverage Ratio ” means, with respect to any Test Period, the ratio of (a) Consolidated Net Debt as of the last day of such Test Period to (b) Consolidated EBITDA of the Borrower for such Test Period.
Pro Forma Calculations
(1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, financial ratios shall be calculated in the manner prescribed by this Section [        ]; provided that, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in clauses (2), (3) or (4) of this Section [        ], when calculating any financial ratio for purposes of (i) determining Applicable Margins and pricing grid step-downs, (ii) calculations of mandatory prepayments, (iii) determining compliance with the ABL Financial Covenant and (iv) any provisions related to the foregoing, the events described in this Section [        ] that occurred subsequent to the end of the applicable Test Period shall not be given pro forma effect.
(2) For purposes of calculating financial ratios, Specified Transactions (and the incurrence or repayment of any Indebtedness in connection therewith) that have been made (a) during the applicable Test Period or (b) subsequent to such Test Period and prior to or simultaneously with the event for which the calculation of any such ratio is made shall be calculated on a pro forma basis assuming that all such Specified Transactions (and any increase or decrease in Consolidated EBITDA and the component financial definitions used therein attributable to any Specified Transaction) had occurred on the first day of the applicable Test Period. If since the beginning of any applicable Test Period any Person that subsequently became a Restricted Subsidiary or was merged, amalgamated or consolidated with or into the Borrower or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries since the beginning of such Test Period shall have made any Specified Transaction that would have required adjustment pursuant to this Section [        ], then the financial ratios shall be calculated to give pro forma effect thereto in accordance with this Section [        ].
(3) Whenever pro forma effect is to be given to a Specified Transaction, the pro forma calculations shall be made in good faith by a Responsible Officer and may include, for the avoidance of doubt, the amount of cost savings, operating expense reductions and, synergies projected by the Borrower in good faith to be realized as a result of specified actions taken, committed to be taken or expected to be taken (calculated on a pro forma basis as though such cost savings, operating expense reductions and synergies had been realized on the first day of such Test Period and as if such cost savings, operating expense reductions and synergies were realized during the entirety of such period) relating to such Specified Transaction, net of the amount of actual benefits realized during such period from such actions (such cost savings and synergies, “ Specified Transaction Adjustments ”); provided , that
(a) such Specified Transaction Adjustments are reasonably identifiable and quantifiable in the good faith judgment of a Responsible Officer of the Borrower,
(b) such actions are taken, committed to be taken or reasonably anticipated to be taken no later than twenty four (24) months after the date of such Specified Transaction, and
(c) no amounts shall be added pursuant to this clause (3) to the extent duplicative of any amounts that are otherwise added back in calculating Consolidated EBITDA, whether through a pro forma adjustment or otherwise, with respect to such period.
(4) In the event that the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary incurs (including by assumption or guarantees) or repays (including by redemption, repayment, retirement or extinguishment) any Indebtedness included in the calculations of a financial covenant (in each case, other than Indebtedness incurred or repaid under any revolving credit facility in the ordinary course of business for working capital purposes), (a) during the applicable Test Period or (b) subsequent to the end of the applicable Test Period and prior to or simultaneously with the event for which the calculation of any such ratio is made, then each financial ratio shall be calculated giving pro forma effect to such incurrence or repayment of Indebtedness, to the extent required, as if the same had occurred on the last day of the applicable Test Period.
 
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LCA Election
Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement or any Loan Document to the contrary, when (a) calculating any applicable ratio in connection with incurrence of Indebtedness, the creation of Liens, the making of any disposition, the making of an investment, the designation of Subsidiary as restricted or unrestricted or the repayment of Indebtedness or (b) determining compliance with any provision of this Agreement which requires that no Default or Event of Default has occurred, is continuing or would result therefrom, in each case of (a) and (b) in connection with a Limited Condition Transaction, the date of determination of such ratio and determination of whether any Default or Event of Default has occurred, is continuing or would result therefrom shall, at the option of the Borrower (the Borrower’s election to exercise such option in connection with any Limited Condition Transaction, an “ LCA Election ”), be deemed to be the date the definitive agreements for such Limited Condition Transaction are entered into (the “ LCA Test Date ”). If on a Pro Forma Basis after giving effect to such Limited Condition Transaction and the other transactions to be entered into in connection therewith (including any incurrence of Indebtedness and the use of proceeds thereof), with such ratios and other provisions being calculated as if such Limited Condition Transaction or other transactions had occurred at the beginning of the most recent Test Period ending prior to the LCA Test Date for which financial statements are available, the Borrower could have taken such action on the relevant LCA Test Date in compliance with the applicable ratios or other provisions, such provisions shall be deemed to have been complied with, unless a payment or bankruptcy event of default shall be continuing on the date such Limited Condition Transaction is consummated. For the avoidance of doubt, (i) if any of such ratios or other provisions are exceeded or breached as a result of fluctuations in such ratio (including due to fluctuations in Consolidated EBITDA) or other provisions at or prior to the consummation of the relevant Limited Condition Transaction, such ratios and other provisions will not be deemed to have been exceeded or breached solely for purposes of determining whether the Limited Condition Transaction is permitted hereunder and (ii) such ratios and compliance with such conditions shall not be tested at the time of consummation of such Limited Condition Transaction or related Specified Transactions, unless on such date a payment or bankruptcy shall be continuing. If the Borrower has made an LCA Election for any Limited Condition Transaction, then in connection with any subsequent calculation of any ratio or basket availability with respect to any other Specified Transaction on or following the relevant LCA Test Date and prior to the earlier of the date on which such Limited Condition Transaction is consummated or the date that the definitive agreement for such Limited Condition Transaction is terminated or expires without consummation of such Limited Condition Transaction, any such ratio or basket shall be calculated on a Pro Forma Basis assuming such Limited Condition Transaction and other transactions in connection therewith (including any incurrence of Indebtedness and the use of proceeds thereof) have been consummated. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement or any Loan Document to the contrary, if the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary (x) incurs Indebtedness, creates Liens, makes dispositions, makes investments, makes Restricted Payments, designates any Subsidiary as restricted or unrestricted or repays any Indebtedness in connection with any Limited Condition Transaction under a ratio-based basket and (y) incurs Indebtedness, creates Liens, makes dispositions, makes investments, makes Restricted Payments, designates any Subsidiary as restricted or unrestricted or repays any Indebtedness in connection with such Limited Condition Transaction under a non-ratio-based basket (which shall occur within five Business Days of the events in clause (x) above), then the applicable ratio will be calculated with respect to any such action under the applicable ratio-based basket without regard to any such action under such non-ratio-based basket made in connection with such Limited Condition Transaction.
“ Specified Transaction ” means any investment that results in a Person becoming a Restricted Subsidiary, any designation of a Subsidiary as a Restricted Subsidiary or an Unrestricted Subsidiary, any Permitted Acquisition, any disposition that results in a Restricted Subsidiary ceasing to be a Subsidiary of the Borrower, any investment constituting an acquisition of assets constituting a business unit, line of business or division of another Person or a facility or any parcels of or interests (including leasehold interests) in real property and all improvements and fixtures thereon or any disposition of a business unit, line of business or division or a facility of the Borrower or a Restricted Subsidiary, in each case whether by merger, consolidation, amalgamation or
 
Project Apex – Commitment Letter
 
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otherwise, or any incurrence or repayment of Indebtedness (other than Indebtedness incurred or repaid under any revolving credit facility in the ordinary course of business for working capital purposes), Restricted Payment or Incremental Loan that by the terms of this Agreement requires such test to be calculated on a “Pro Forma Basis” or after giving “Pro Forma Effect.”
 
Project Apex – Commitment Letter
 
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 Exhibit 10.4
 
SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED
STOCKHOLDERS AGREEMENT
DATED AS OF
DECEMBER 16, 2017
BY AND AMONG
AMNEAL GROUP (AS DEFINED HEREIN)
AND
ATLAS HOLDINGS, INC.

 

Table of Contents
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

 	  	 	  	Page	 	
ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS	  	 	2	 	
1.1	  	Certain Definitions	  	 	2	 	
1.2	  	Other Terms	  	 	5	 	
		
ARTICLE II TERM	  	 	6	 	
2.1	  	Term and Termination	  	 	6	 	
		
ARTICLE III CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MATTERS	  	 	7	 	
3.1	  	Board Composition	  	 	7	 	
3.2	  	Director Nomination Rights	  	 	8	 	
3.3	  	Committees of the Company Board	  	 	9	 	
3.4	  	Chief Executive Officer	  	 	10	 	
3.5	  	Executive Chairman	  	 	10	 	
3.6	  	Amneal Group Agreement to Vote	  	 	10	 	
3.7	  	Amneal Consent Rights	  	 	11	 	
3.8	  	Taxable Transactions	  	 	11	 	
		
ARTICLE IV TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS, STANDSTILL, RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS, PARTICIPATION RIGHTS	  	 	11	 	
4.1	  	Restrictions on Transferability and Acquisitions	  	 	11	 	
4.2	  	Related Party Transactions	  	 	14	 	
4.3	  	Participation Rights	  	 	15	 	
		
ARTICLE V REGISTRATION RIGHTS	  	 	16	 	
5.1	  	Shelf Registration Statement	  	 	16	 	
5.2	  	Blackout Periods	  	 	17	 	
5.3	  	Demand Underwritten Offerings	  	 	17	 	
5.4	  	Piggyback Registration	  	 	19	 	
5.5	  	Registration Procedures	  	 	20	 	
5.6	  	Obligations of Amneal Group	  	 	23	 	
5.7	  	Expenses	  	 	24	 	
5.8	  	Indemnification; Contribution	  	 	24	 	
5.9	  	Indemnification Procedures	  	 	25	 	
5.10	  	Rule 144	  	 	26	 	
5.11	  	Preservation of Rights	  	 	26	 	
5.12	  	Transfer of Registration Rights	  	 	26	 	
		
ARTICLE VI FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION	  	 	27	 	
6.1	  	Exchange of Information	  	 	27	 	
6.2	  	Ownership of Information	  	 	27	 	
6.3	  	Compensation for Providing Information	  	 	27	 	
6.4	  	Record Retention	  	 	27	 	
6.5	  	Production of Witnesses; Records; Cooperation	  	 	27	 	
6.6	  	Privilege	  	 	28	 	
		
ARTICLE VII MISCELLANEOUS	  	 	28	 	
7.1	  	Corporate Power	  	 	28	 	
7.2	  	Confidentiality	  	 	28	 	
7.3	  	Governing Law; Consent to Jurisdiction	  	 	30	 	
7.4	  	Waiver of Jury Trial	  	 	30	 	
7.5	  	Notices	  	 	30	 	
7.6	  	Severability	  	 	31	 	
 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
( continued )

 	  	 	  	Page	 	
7.7	  	Entire Agreement	  	 	31	 	
7.8	  	Assignment; No Third-Party Beneficiaries	  	 	31	 	
7.9	  	Amendment; Waiver	  	 	32	 	
7.10	  	Interpretations	  	 	32	 	
7.11	  	Privileged Matters	  	 	32	 	
7.12	  	Counterparts; Electronic Transmission of Signatures	  	 	33	 	
7.13	  	Enforceable by the Conflicts Committee	  	 	33	 	

EXHIBIT A	  	Form of Conflicts Committee Charter	  		

Schedule 7.11(a)	 	Impax Law Firms	  		
Schedule 7.11(b)	 	Amneal Law Firms	  		
 
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 SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED STOCKHOLDERS AGREEMENT
SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED STOCKHOLDERS AGREEMENT, dated December 16, 2017 (this “ Agreement ”), by and among Amneal Pharmaceuticals Holding Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, AP Class D Member, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, AP Class E Member, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, AH PPU Management, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and Atlas Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”).
W I T N E S S E T H:
WHEREAS, the Parties previously entered into that certain Stockholders Agreement, dated October 17, 2017, as amended and restated by the Parties pursuant to the Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement, dated November 21, 2017 (the “ Prior Agreement ”), and the Parties desire to amend and restate the Prior Agreement in the form of this Agreement;
WHEREAS, the Company is party to that certain Business Combination Agreement, dated October 17, 2017 (the “ Transaction Agreement ”), by and among the Company, Impax Laboratories, Inc. (“ Impax ”), K2 Merger Sub Corporation and Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC;
WHEREAS, in connection with the consummation (the “ Closing ”) of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Agreement (collectively, the “ Transactions ”), each Amneal Group Member will enter into the Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement (the “ Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC Agreement ”) of Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, and the Company will be admitted as the managing member of Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC;
WHEREAS, in connection with the Closing, Amneal Group will receive (i) common units in Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC (as reflected in Schedule 1 to the Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC Agreement) which may be exchanged from time to time in accordance with the terms of the Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC Agreement for either cash or shares of Class A common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share (“ Class A Common Stock ”), or Class B-1 common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share (“ Class B-1 Common Stock ”), and (ii) shares of Class B common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share (“ Class B Common Stock ” and together with the Class A Common Stock and Class B-1 Common Stock, the “ Company Common Stock ”); and
WHEREAS, the Company Board (as hereinafter defined) has approved the Transactions and the acquisition by Amneal Group of common units in Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC and shares of Company Common Stock in connection therewith for all purposes under Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware; and
WHEREAS, the Amneal Group Members and the Company desire to enter into this Agreement in order to, inter alia , (i) set forth certain of their rights, duties and obligations as a result of the Transactions; (ii) provide for the management, operation and governance of the Company; and (iii) set forth restrictions on certain activities in respect of the Company Common Stock, corporate governance, and other related corporate matters.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, and
 
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intending to be legally bound, the Parties hereby agree that the Prior Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety as follows:
 ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
 1.1 Certain Definitions . For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the meanings specified in this Section 1.1 :
“ Action ” means any demand, action, claim, dispute, suit, countersuit, arbitration, inquiry, proceeding or investigation by or before any federal, state, local, foreign or international Governmental Entity or any arbitration or mediation tribunal.
“ Affiliate ” means, as to any Person, any other Person which, directly or indirectly, controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with, such Person; provided , however , that no Amneal Group Member or any of its Affiliates (other than the Company and its Subsidiaries) shall be deemed to be an Affiliate of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries for purposes of this Agreement, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries shall be deemed to be an Affiliate of any Amneal Group Member or any of its Subsidiaries (other than the Company and its Subsidiaries) for purposes of this Agreement. As used in this definition, “control” (including with correlative meanings, “controlled by” and “under common control with”) means possession, directly or indirectly, of power to direct or cause the direction of management or policies (whether through ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise). For the avoidance of doubt, the Affiliates of Amneal Holdings, LLC shall include each of Chirag Patel, Chintu Patel, Gautam Patel and Tushar Patel.
“ Amneal Group ” means, collectively, Amneal Pharmaceuticals Holding Company, LLC, AP Class D Member, LLC, AP Class E Member, LLC, AH PPU Management, LLC, and any of their respective Affiliates, successors and permitted assigns to which any shares of Company Common Stock have been Transferred in accordance with Section 4.1(b)(i)(E) , Section 4.1(b)(i)(F) or Section 4.1(c) (each such Person shall be referred to as an “ Amneal Group Member ”). Immediately following the Closing, each Amneal Group Member as of the date of this Agreement shall transfer the Amneal Units received by it in connection with the Closing to the Amneal Group Representative, and the Amneal Group Representative shall be assigned all of the rights and obligations of Amneal Group under this Agreement.
“ Amneal Group Representative ” means Amneal Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, or such other designee selected by Amneal Group Members holding a majority of the shares of Company Common Stock beneficially owned by Amneal Group.
“ Amneal Units ” means Common Units (as defined in the Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC Agreement).
“ beneficially own ” means, with respect to Company Common Stock, having the power to vote or direct the vote of shares of Company Common Stock. The terms “ beneficial owner ” and “ beneficial ownership ” shall have correlative meanings. “ Business Day ” means a day, other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in the County of New York, New York are authorized or required by applicable Law to close.
“ Charter ” means the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended from time to time.
“ Company Board ” means the board of directors of the Company.
 
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“ Company Group ” means the Company, each Subsidiary of the Company from and after the Closing (in each case so long as such Subsidiary remains a Subsidiary of the Company) and each other Person that is controlled either directly or indirectly by the Company following the Closing (in each case for so long as such Person continues to be controlled either directly or indirectly by the Company).
“ Company Independent Director ” means each director of the Company who (i) is an Independent Director; (ii) is not an Amneal Designee; (iii) is not a current or former (x) member of the board of directors of any Amneal Group Member or any of its Affiliates or (y) officer or employee of any member of any Amneal Group Member or any of its Affiliates; (iv) does not have and has not had any other material relationship with any member of Amneal Group that a reasonable person would conclude could interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out director responsibilities; and (v) is designated by the Conflicts Committee as a Company Independent Director.
“ Company Sale ” means (a) a merger, share exchange, consolidation, recapitalization or similar transaction resulting, directly or indirectly, in more than 50% of the total number of shares of outstanding Company Common Stock being beneficially owned after such transaction by any Person or group of Persons other than the Amneal Group or (b) a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company.
“ Company Securities ” means (i) the Company Common Stock, (ii) any preferred stock of the Company, (iii) any other common stock issued by the Company and (iv) any securities convertible into or exchangeable for, or options, warrants or other rights to acquire, Company Common Stock or any other common or preferred stock issued by the Company.
“ Compensation Committee ” means the Compensation Committee of the Company Board.
“ Executive Event ” means the failure of Robert A. Stewart to be serving as Chief Executive Officer of Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC as of immediately prior to the Closing, including by reason of his death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, removal from office or other cause.
“ Exchange Act ” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, together with the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“ Governmental Entity ” means any United States federal, state or local, or foreign, international or supranational, government, court or tribunal, or administrative, executive, governmental or regulatory or self-regulatory body, agency or authority thereof.
“ Group ” means Amneal Group or the Company Group, as the context requires.
“ Independent Director ” means a director who is independent under NYSE listing rules.
“ Information ” means information, whether or not patentable or copyrightable, in written, oral, electronic or other tangible or intangible forms, stored in any medium, including studies, reports, records, books, contracts, instruments, surveys, discoveries, ideas, concepts, know-how, techniques, designs, specifications, drawings, blueprints, diagrams, models, prototypes, samples, flow charts, data, computer data, disks, diskettes, tapes, computer programs or other Software, marketing plans, customer names, communications by or to attorneys (including attorney-client privileged communications), memoranda and other materials prepared by attorneys or under their direction (including attorney work product), and other technical, financial, employee or business information or data.
“ Law ” means any federal, state or local law (statutory, common or otherwise), constitution, treaty, convention, ordinance, code, rule, regulation, order, injunction, judgment, decree, ruling or other similar requirement enacted, adopted, promulgated or applied by a Governmental Entity.
 
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“ Liabilities ” means any debt, loss, damage, adverse claim, liability or obligation of any Person (whether direct or indirect, known or unknown, asserted or unasserted, absolute or contingent, accrued or unaccrued, liquidated or unliquidated, or due or to become due, and whether in contract, tort, strict liability or otherwise), and including all costs and expenses relating thereto.
“ Nominating Committee ” means the Nominating Committee of the Company Board.
“ NYSE ” means the New York Stock Exchange, or such other stock exchange or securities market on which shares of Class A Common Stock are at any time listed or quoted.
“ Other Stockholder ” means a holder of Company Common Stock that is not an Amneal Group Member.
“ Parties ” means each Amneal Group Member and the Company, and each a “ Party ”.
“ Person ” means an individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, trust, unincorporated organization, limited liability company or governmental or other entity.
“ Pro Rata Portion ” means, with respect to Amneal Group, on any issuance date for Company Securities, the number of Company Securities equal to the product of (i) the total number of Company Securities to be issued by the Company on such date and (ii) the fraction determined by dividing (x) the number of shares of Company Common Stock beneficially owned by Amneal Group immediately prior to such issuance by (y) the total number of shares of Company Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to such issuance.
“ Registrable Shares ” means, at any time, the shares of Class A Common Stock that are beneficially owned by an Amneal Group Member and the shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon a Redemption (as defined in the Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC Agreement) of Amneal Units held by any Amneal Group Member, excluding any such shares of Class A Common Stock that have, after the date hereof, been Transferred pursuant to a registration statement under, and in compliance with the requirements of, the Securities Act.
“ Related Party Transaction ” means any transaction between any member of the Company Group, on the one hand, and any Amneal Group Member, or any director, officer, employee or “associate” (as defined in Rule 12b-2 promulgated under the Exchange Act) of any Amneal Group Member, on the other hand.
“ SEC ” means the Securities and Exchange Commission.
“ Securities Act ” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, together with the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“ Software ” means the object and source code versions of computer programs and associated documentation, training materials and configurations to use and modify such programs, including programmer, administrator, end user and other documentation.
“ Subsidiary ” means, with respect to any Person, another Person, an amount of the voting securities or other voting ownership interests of which is sufficient, together with any contractual rights, to elect at least a majority of its board of directors or other governing body (or, if there are no such voting interests, 50% or more of the equity interests of which) is owned directly or indirectly by such first Person; provided , however , that neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries shall be deemed to be a Subsidiary of any Amneal Group Member or any of its Subsidiaries for purposes of this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, immediately following the Closing, Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC shall be a Subsidiary of the Company.
“ Tax ” has the meaning ascribed thereto in the Transaction Agreement.
 
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“ Taxable Transaction ” means any transaction (whether a merger, sale of assets, sale of securities, distribution, dividend, liquidation, dissolution, recapitalization, consolidation, reorganization, combination or other transaction) following the Closing which involves the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (including, for the avoidance of doubt, Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC) and would reasonably be expected to result in the recognition of $40,000,000 or more of taxable income or gain for U.S. federal income tax purposes by the Amneal Group (other than (a) any such transaction in which the consideration to be received by each Amneal Group Member in respect of its Amneal Units consists solely of cash or (b) a Redemption or Direct Exchange in accordance with Article XI of the Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC Agreement).
“ TPG ” means TPG Improv Holdings, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership.
“ TRA Acceleration Event ” means an early termination or acceleration pursuant to Section 4.1 of the Tax Receivable Agreement.
“ Transaction Documents ” means, collectively, this Agreement, the Transaction Agreement and the other Ancillary Agreements (as defined in the Transaction Agreement).
“ Transfer ” means, directly or indirectly (whether by merger, operation of law or otherwise), to sell, transfer, assign or otherwise dispose of or encumber (other than as security in connection with any bona fide loan or financing transaction) any direct or indirect economic, voting or other rights in or to any Company Common Stock, including by means of (i) the Transfer of an interest in a Person that directly or indirectly holds such Company Common Stock or (ii) a hedge, swap or other derivative.
“ Trigger Date ” means the first date on which Amneal Group ceases to beneficially own at least ten percent (10%) of the outstanding shares of the Company Common Stock.
“ underwritten offering ” means an offering in which Securities of the Company are sold to one or more underwriters (as defined in Section  2(a)(11) of the Securities Act) for resale to the public.
 1.2 Other Terms . For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in the sections indicated.

Term	  	Section	
Agreement	  	Preamble	
Amneal Confidential Information	  	7.2(b)	
Amneal Designee	  	3.2(a)	
Amneal Directors	  	3.1(a)(i)	
Amneal Group Representative	  	Preamble	
Amneal Law Firms	  	7.11(b)	
Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC	  	Recitals	
Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC Agreement	  	Recitals	
Blackout Period	  	5.2	
Board Expansion Right	  	3.1(c)	
Claim Notice	  	5.9(a)	
Claims	  	5.8(a)	
Class A Common Stock	  	Recitals	
Class B Common Stock	  	Recitals	
Class B-1 Common Stock	  	Recitals	
Closing	  	Recitals	
Company	  	Preamble	
Company-Assisted PIPE Transaction	  	5.3(e)	
Company Common Stock	  	Recitals	
 
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Term	  	Section	
Company Confidential Information	  	7.2(a)	
Conflicts Committee Charter	  	3.3(c)	
Counsel	  	5.5(a)(i)	
Demand Underwritten Offering	  	5.3(a)(i)	
Effective Period	  	5.5(a)(iii)	
Excluded Securities	  	4.3(a)	
Exiting Amneal Director	  	3.1(d)	
Form S-4 Registration Statement	  	5.1	
Immediately Tradeable Shares	  	4.1(b)(i)(G)	
Impax	  	Recitals	
Impax CEO Director	  	3.1(a)	
Impax Law Firms	  	7.11(a)	
Indemnifying Party	  	5.10(a)	
Issuance Notice	  	4.3(b)	
Lockup Period	  	4.1(b)(i)	
Non-Amneal Directors	  	3.1(a)(ii)	
Observer	  	3.1(c)	
Ownership Threshold	  	3.1(c)	
Participating Amneal Member	  	5.3(a)	
Piggyback Registration	  	5.4(a)	
Piggyback Registration Notice	  	5.4(a)	
Piggyback Registration Statement	  	5.4(a)	
PIPE Transaction	  	4.1(b)(ii)(C)	
Privilege	  	6.6	
Privileged Amneal Communications	  	7.11(b)	
Privileged Impax Communications	  	7.11(a)	
Qualifying Investor	  	3.1(c)	
Representatives	  	7.2(a)	
Required Amneal Group Member Information	  	5.6(a)	
Rule 415 Limitation	  	6.1(a)	
Shelf Registration Statement	  	5.1	
Transaction Agreement	  	Recitals	
Transactions	  	Recitals	
 ARTICLE II
TERM
 2.1 Term and Termination . This Agreement is effective as of the Closing (other than with respect to Section 5.1 , which shall be effective as of the date hereof) and shall terminate automatically on the earlier of (i) the termination of the Transaction Agreement pursuant to Article VIII thereof and (ii) the Trigger Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (a) the provisions of Article VI (other than Section 6.1 ) and Article VII (other than Section 7.13 ) shall survive the termination of this Agreement and (b) the provisions of Article V shall survive the termination of this Agreement until the first (1st) anniversary of the Trigger Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event any Amneal Group Member assigns its rights and obligations under Article V to the purchaser of any Registrable Shares in connection with a PIPE Transaction (for the avoidance of doubt, not including any Transfer described in clauses (C) through (F) of Section 4.1(b)(i) , whether or not such Transfer occurs prior to the end of the Lockup Period), such purchaser’s rights under Article V shall survive for one (1) year following the date of such Transfer ( provided , that such securities may be sold without restriction under Rule 144 at such time).
 
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 ARTICLE III
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MATTERS
 3.1 Board Composition .
(a) Subject to Section 3.1(c) , until the Trigger Date, the Company Board shall consist of no more than thirteen (13) directors (or, in the event that an Executive Event has occurred, eleven (11) directors). Immediately following the Closing, the Company Board shall be comprised of (i) seven (7) directors (or, in the event that an Executive Event has occurred, six (6) directors) designated by the Amneal Group Representative prior to the Closing (collectively, with any of their successors designated in accordance with Section 3.2(a) and Section 3.2(b) hereof and any additional director designated by the Amneal Group Representative pursuant to Section 3.1(c) , the “ Amneal Directors ”) and (ii) five (5) directors designated by Impax prior to the Closing, who shall be (A) the Chief Executive Officer of Impax immediately prior to the Closing (the “ Impax CEO Director ”) and (B) four (4) Company Independent Directors (selected by Impax from the Impax board of directors as of the date of the Transaction Agreement and including the chairman thereof) and (iii) if and only if an Executive Event has not occurred, Robert A. Stewart (the directors referred to in clauses (ii) and (iii) of this sentence, collectively with their successors and any additional directors appointed or designated in accordance with Section 3.2(c) and Section 3.2(e) , being referred to herein as the “ Non-Amneal Directors ”).
(b) Immediately following the Closing, and for so long as Amneal Group has beneficial ownership of more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding shares of the Company Common Stock, (i) the Non-Amneal Directors shall have the right to designate the lead Independent Director of the Company Board, and (ii) the Amneal Directors shall have the right to designate the Co-Chairmen of the Company Board. Immediately following the Closing, the Co-Chairmen of the Company Board shall be Chirag Patel and Chintu Patel, and the lead Independent Director shall be Robert L. Burr.
(c) In the event that Amneal Group Transfers more than four percent (4%) of the outstanding shares of Company Common Stock to a Person or a group of Persons pursuant to a PIPE Transaction (such a Person or group of Persons, a “ Qualifying Investor ”) and, following such Transfer, Amneal Group continues to beneficially own more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding shares of the Company Common Stock, Amneal Group shall have a one-time right exercisable within one year following such transaction (the “ Board Expansion Right ”) to cause the Company to increase the size of the Company Board by two (2) directors and to fill the resulting vacancies with one new director designated by the Amneal Group Representative and one new director designated by such Qualifying Investor. To the extent requested by such Qualifying Investor, this Agreement shall be amended to provide such Qualifying Investor with the right to appoint a director to the Company Board for so long as such Qualifying Investor continues to beneficially own more than four percent (4%) of the outstanding shares of Company Common Stock (the “ Ownership Threshold ”). In addition to the foregoing, any Qualifying Investor may, for so long as it satisfies the Ownership Threshold and has not appointed a director to the Company Board, designate one (1) individual (an “ Observer ”) to attend all meetings of the Company Board and (subject to applicable listing requirements) any committee thereof in a non-voting, observer capacity subject to customary terms and conditions for a board observer; provided , however , that the Observer shall be reasonably acceptable to the Nominating Committee of the Company Board.
(d) In the event that Amneal Group Transfers more than five percent (5%) of the outstanding shares of Company Common Stock to a Qualifying Investor, and, immediately prior to or following such Transfer, Amneal Group beneficially owns less than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding shares of the Company Common Stock (whether or not the Board Expansion Right pursuant to Section 3.1(c) has been exercised prior to such time), the Amneal Group Representative shall have a one-time right in connection with such transaction to cause the Company to replace any Exiting Amneal Director with a director designated by such Qualifying Investor. For purposes of this Section 3.1(d) , an “ Exiting Amneal Director ” shall mean an Amneal Director that the Amneal Group Representative is no longer entitled to designate pursuant to Section 3.1(a) as a result of such Transfer. To
 
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the extent requested by such Qualifying Investor, this Agreement shall be amended to provide such Qualifying Investor with the right to appoint a director to the Company Board for so long as such Qualifying Investor continues to beneficially own more than five percent (5%)  of the outstanding shares of Company Common Stock.
 3.2 Director Nomination Rights .
(a) Until the Trigger Date and subject to Section 3.2(a)(ii) , in connection with any annual or special meeting of the stockholders of the Company at which directors shall be elected, or any solicitation or submission of written consents having the same effect, the Nominating Committee shall nominate for election to the Company Board person(s) designated for nomination by the Amneal Group Representative (each person so designated, an “ Amneal Designee ”) in accordance with the following:
(i) if Amneal Group has beneficial ownership of more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding shares of the Company Common Stock, the Amneal Group Representative shall have the right to designate the lowest number of Amneal Designees that constitutes a majority of the total number of directors comprising the Company Board; and
(ii) if Amneal Group has beneficial ownership of ten percent (10%) or more, but fifty percent (50%) or less, of the outstanding shares of the Company Common Stock, the Amneal Group Representative shall have the right to designate a number of directors equal to the product of (x) the percentage of the shares of Company Common Stock beneficially owned by Amneal Group and (y) the total number of directors comprising the Company Board, rounded up to the nearest whole number (e.g., one and one quarter (1 1 / 4 ) directors shall be rounded up to two (2) directors); provided , that such rounding shall not result in the Amneal Group Representative having the right to designate a majority of the total number of directors comprising the Company Board when Amneal Group beneficially owns 50% or less of the outstanding shares of the Company Common Stock.
(b) Until the Trigger Date, the Amneal Group Representative shall have full authority and ability to designate any Amneal Designees, and the Company Board shall approve the nomination of any Amneal Designee. Subject to the requirements of applicable Law, the Amneal Group Representative shall have the exclusive right to remove any Amneal Directors from the Company Board. In the event any Amneal Designee is intended to qualify as an Independent Director on the Company Board, the Amneal Group Representative shall consult in good faith with the Company Board and solicit its input prior to making such designation. The Amneal Group Representative shall not designate any person to be an Amneal Designee (nor shall any Qualifying Investor be entitled to designate any person to be a director) who is unqualified under any applicable Law to serve as a director on the Company Board. For the avoidance of doubt, current or former employment of any Amneal Designee with an Amneal Group Member or any of its Subsidiaries or service by any such Amneal Designee on the board of directors of an Amneal Group Member or any of its Subsidiaries shall not, by itself, disqualify such individual from serving on the Company Board as an Amneal Designee.
(c) Subject to Section 3.1(d) and Section 4.1(d)(ii) and (iii) , if at any time the number of Amneal Directors then serving on the Company Board is in excess of the number of Amneal Designees the Amneal Group Representative has the right to designate pursuant to Section 3.1(c) or Section 3.2(a) , upon receipt of the written request of the Conflicts Committee, the Amneal Group Representative shall, and the Amneal Group shall take all actions reasonably necessary to cause a number of Amneal Directors equal to the excess to promptly tender his, her or their resignations from the Company Board (and from any committees or subcommittees thereof to which any such Amneal Director is then appointed or on which he or she is then serving) within sixty (60) days of such request; provided , however , that, if within such sixty (60) day period Amneal Group has regained its right to designate any such Amneal Director pursuant to Section 3.1(c) , then such Amneal Director shall continue serving on the Company Board. Subject to Section 3.1(d) , in the event that an Amneal Director shall cease to serve as a director pursuant to this Section 3.2(c) , the Nominating Committee shall have the sole right to fill such vacancy or designate a person for nomination for election to the Company Board to fill such vacancy with a person who shall satisfy all the qualifications of a Company Independent Director, in each case. If at any time the number of
 
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Amneal Directors then serving on the Company Board is less than the number of Amneal Designees Amneal Group has the right to designate pursuant to Section 3.1(c) or Section 3.2(a) , the Company Board and the Nominating Committee shall, at the request of the Amneal Group Representative, take all actions reasonably necessary to cause a number of Amneal Designees equal to such deficit to be appointed to the Company Board within sixty (60) days of such request.
(d) Until the Trigger Date, in the event that any Amneal Director shall cease to serve as a director for any reason other than pursuant to Section 3.2(c) , the vacancy resulting therefrom shall be filled by the Company Board as promptly as reasonably practicable with a substitute Amneal Director selected by Amneal Group in accordance with the requirements for the designation of Amneal Designees pursuant to Section 3.2(b) .
(e) From and after the Closing, in the event of a vacancy on the Company Board upon the death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, removal from office or other cause of any Non-Amneal Director (other than a director serving as Chief Executive Officer of the Company), the Nominating Committee shall have the sole right to fill such vacancy or designate a person for nomination for election to the Company Board to fill such vacancy, subject to the prior written consent of the Conflicts Committee, and such person shall satisfy all the qualifications of a Company Independent Director. The Nominating Committee shall take all actions necessary to cause the vacancy upon the death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, removal from office or other cause of a director serving as Chief Executive Officer of the Company to be filled by the successor Chief Executive Officer of the Company or to designate such person for nomination for election to the Company Board to fill such vacancy.
(f) The Nominating Committee shall nominate such number of Amneal Designees and such number of nominees to serve as Non-Amneal Directors as required to comply with the requirements of Section 3.1 hereof and this Section 3.2 . The Company shall cause each person nominated by the Nominating Committee to be included in the slate of nominees recommended by the Company Board to holders of Company Common Stock for election (including at any special meeting of stockholders held for the election of directors). Seventy-five percent (75%) of the directors serving on the Nominating Committee shall be required to approve (i) a decision not to nominate any Initial Company Director for re-election to the Company Board at either of the first two annual meetings of stockholders of the Company following the Closing Date and (ii) until the third annual meeting of stockholders of the Company following the Closing Date, any change to the individuals serving as Chairman or Co-Chairmen of the Company Board (for the avoidance of doubt, the individuals initially serving as Chairman or Co-Chairman of the Company Board shall be Chirag Patel, Chintu Patel and, unless an Executive Event has occurred, Paul Bisaro).
 3.3 Committees of the Company Board .
(a) Nominating Committee . For so long as Amneal Group has beneficial ownership of more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding shares of Company Common Stock, (i) the Nominating Committee shall consist of four (4) directors; (ii) the Amneal Group Representative shall have the right to designate two (2) of the directors to serve on the Nominating Committee; and (iii) the remaining directors on the Nominating Committee shall be designated by a majority of the Company Independent Directors then serving on the Company Board.
(b) Compensation Committee . For so long as Amneal Group has beneficial ownership of more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding shares of Company Common Stock, (i) the Compensation Committee shall consist of four (4) directors; (ii) the Amneal Group Representative shall have the right to designate two (2) of the directors to serve on the Compensation Committee; and (iii) the remaining directors on the Compensation Committee shall be designated by a majority of the Company Independent Directors then serving on the Company Board.
(c) Conflicts Committee . Until Trigger Date, the Company Board shall have a Conflicts Committee comprised solely of Company Independent Directors. The Conflicts Committee shall be fully empowered to requisition reasonable assistance from employees of the Company, including legal and financial staff, to retain
 
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independent legal, financial and other advisors as the Conflicts Committee deems necessary and to approve or not approve any transaction or other matter submitted to the Conflicts Committee (and such non-approval shall be binding on the Company Board), and shall have the authority and responsibilities set forth in this Agreement, the charter of the Conflicts Committee (the form of which is attached as Exhibit A hereto) (the “ Conflicts Committee Charter ”) and as may otherwise be delegated to the Conflicts Committee by the Company Board from time to time. Any amendments to the Conflicts Committee Charter shall be approved by (i) seventy-five percent (75%) of the directors comprising the Company Board, (ii) a majority of the Company Independent Directors then serving on the Company Board and (iii) a majority of the Conflicts Committee.
(d) Integration Committee . For a minimum of two (2) years following the Closing, the Company Board shall have an Integration Committee comprised of Chirag Patel, Chintu Patel and Paul M. Bisaro, which shall serve as an advisory committee to management to provide input in connection with the post-Closing integration of Impax and Amneal and shall not be entitled to take any other action on behalf of the Company Board.
(e) Amneal Committee Representation . Until the Trigger Date, each committee of the Company Board shall include at least one (1) Amneal Director, subject to compliance with applicable requirements of the NYSE. If at any time any committee of the Company Board (other than the Conflicts Committee) does not have at least one (1) Amneal Director serving on such committee, the Amneal Group Representative shall be entitled to designate one Amneal Director to have observer rights with respect to such committee.
(f) Committee Charters . Any amendment to the charter of any committee of the Company Board shall require the approval of 75% of the directors comprising the Company Board.
(g) Other Committee Composition . The formation and composition of any other committees of the Company Board not specified in this Section 3.3 shall require the approval of 75% of the directors comprising the Company Board.
 3.4 Chief Executive Officer . Immediately following the Closing, if and only if an Executive Event has not occurred, the Chief Executive Officer of the Company shall be Robert A. Stewart. Immediately following the Closing, if and only if an Executive Event has occurred, the Chief Executive Officer of the Company shall be Paul M. Bisaro and for eighteen (18) months following the Closing, the removal of Mr. Bisaro as Chief Executive Officer without cause shall require the approval of (i) a majority of the directors comprising the Company Board and (ii) a majority of the Non-Amneal Directors, in each case with Mr. Bisaro recusing himself from such vote.
 3.5 Executive Chairman . Immediately following the Closing, if and only if an Executive Event has not occurred, the Executive Chairman of the Company shall be Paul M. Bisaro and for eighteen (18) months following the Closing, the removal of Mr. Bisaro as Executive Chairman without cause shall require the approval of (i) a majority of the directors comprising the Company Board and (ii) a majority of the Non-Amneal Directors, in each case with Mr. Bisaro recusing himself from such vote.
 3.6 Amneal Group Agreement to Vote . From and after the Closing and until the Trigger Date, Amneal Group shall,
(a) cause its shares of Company Common Stock to be present for quorum purposes at any Company stockholder meeting;
(b) with respect to the election of directors, vote its shares of Company Common Stock in accordance with the recommendation of the Company Board ( provided , that the slate of nominees recommended by the Company Board complies with the terms of this Agreement); and
(c) not vote its shares of Company Common Stock in favor of the removal of any Non-Amneal Director unless such removal is recommended by the Nominating Committee.
 
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 3.7 Amneal Consent Rights . For so long as Amneal Group beneficially owns more than twenty-five percent (25%) of the outstanding shares of Company Common Stock, the Company shall not, without first obtaining the approval (by vote or written consent as provided by Law) of the Amneal Group Representative, take any of the following actions (whether by amendment, merger, recapitalization or otherwise):
(a) amend, modify or repeal any provision of the Charter or the Company’s bylaws in a manner that adversely impacts any Amneal Group Member;
(b) except pursuant to Section 3.1(c) , effect any change in the authorized number of directors of the Company;
(c) create or reclassify any new or existing class or series of capital stock having rights, preferences or privileges with respect to voting, liquidation, redemption, conversion or dividends that are senior to or on parity with the Company Common Stock; or
(d) consummate any Company Sale in which any Amneal Group Member receives a different amount or form of consideration per Company Security held by such Amneal Group Member as other holders of such Company Security.
 3.8 Taxable Transactions . For so long as Amneal Group beneficially owns either (a) shares of Class B Common Stock representing at least ten percent (10%) of the outstanding shares of Company Common Stock or (b) at least forty-five million (45,000,000) shares of Company Common Stock (as adjusted for any Capital Structure Change), the Company shall not, without first obtaining the approval (by vote or written consent) of the Amneal Group Representative, consummate any Taxable Transaction.
 ARTICLE IV
TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS, STANDSTILL, RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS,
PARTICIPATION RIGHTS
4.1 Restrictions on Transferability and Acquisitions .
(a) Each Amneal Group Member covenants and agrees that the shares of Company Common Stock beneficially owned or owned of record by such Amneal Group Member may be Transferred only pursuant to an effective registration statement under, and in compliance with the requirements of, the Securities Act (including a registration statement hereunder), or pursuant to an available exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the registration requirements of the Securities Act, and in compliance with any applicable U.S. state and federal securities laws, and any applicable securities laws of other jurisdictions. Each Amneal Group Member further covenants and agrees that the right of Amneal Group to Transfer any Company Common Stock is subject to the restrictions set forth in this Section 4.1 , and no Transfer of Company Common Stock by Amneal Group may be effected except in compliance with this Section 4.1 . Any attempted Transfer in violation of this Agreement shall be of no effect and null and void ab initio , regardless of whether the purported transferee has any actual or constructive knowledge of the Transfer restrictions set forth in this Agreement, and shall not be recorded on the stock transfer books of the Company.
(b) Lockup and Permitted Transfers .
(i) For the period of one hundred and eighty (180) calendar days following the Closing (the “ Lockup Period ”), no Amneal Group Member shall Transfer any shares of Company Common Stock beneficially owned or owned of record by such Amneal Group Member to any Person, unless with the prior written consent of the Conflicts Committee, except for:
(A) a Transfer of shares of Company Common Stock pursuant to a tender or exchange offer that has been approved or recommended by the Company Board;
 
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(B) a Transfer of shares of Company Common Stock pursuant to any Company Sale;
(C) a Transfer of shares of Company Common Stock permitted by Section 4.1(c) ;
(D) a Transfer of shares of Company Common Stock in connection with any pledge or pledges of any Amneal Group Member’s shares of Company Common Stock made pursuant to a bona fide loan or financing transaction with a third party;
(E) with respect to any Amneal Group Member that is an individual, a Transfer of shares of Company Common Stock (x) to such Amneal Group Member’s ancestors, descendants, siblings, cousins or spouse, (y) to trusts for the benefit of such Amneal Group Member or such persons or (z) by way of bequest or inheritance upon death ( provided that, prior to any such Transfer referenced in clause (x), (y) or (z), such transferee agrees in a writing reasonably acceptable to the Company to be bound by the terms of this Agreement as a party hereto in the position of an Amneal Group Member);
(F) with respect to any Amneal Group Member that is an entity, a Transfer of shares of Company Common Stock to such Amneal Group Member’s members, partners or other equity holders ( provided that, prior to any such Transfer, such transferee agrees in a writing reasonably acceptable to the Company to be bound by the terms of this Agreement as a party hereto in the position of an Amneal Group Member); and
(G) solely during the period beginning on the date hereof and until the Closing Date, one or more Transfers by any Amneal Group Member of up to a total of 60,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B-1 Common Stock in the aggregate (such 60,000,000 shares, as adjusted for any stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization, combination, reclassification or similar change in the capital structure of the Company (each, a “ Capital Structure Change ”) following the date hereof, the “ Immediately Tradeable Shares ”) (without duplication of the foregoing clauses (A) through (F)).
Any such Transfer described in clauses (C) through (G) shall not be subject to the prior written consent of the Conflicts Committee, but shall require prior written notice to the Company disclosing in reasonable detail the identity of the intended transferee.
(ii) Following the expiration of the Lockup Period, no Amneal Group Member shall, Transfer or agree to Transfer any shares of Company Common Stock to a Person or group (as such term is used in Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act), except for Transfers:
(A) in a registered offering pursuant to the procedures described in Article V (including, for the avoidance of doubt, the resale of shares of Company Common Stock by Amneal Group registered pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement, once declared effective under the Securities Act);
(B) in open market sales pursuant to, if available, Rule 144 under the Securities Act; provided , however , that Amneal Group may not, in the aggregate, Transfer more than fifteen percent (15%) of the outstanding Class A Common Stock pursuant to this Section 4.1(b)(ii)(B) in any twelve (12)-month period without the approval of the Conflicts Committee;
(C) in one or more privately negotiated sales exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act (a “ PIPE Transaction ”); provided , however , that Amneal Group may not, in the aggregate, Transfer more than fifteen percent (15%) of the outstanding Class A Common Stock pursuant to this Section 4.1(b)(ii)(C) in any twelve (12)-month period without the approval of the Conflicts Committee;
(D) permitted by clauses (A) through (F) of Section 4.1(b)(i) ; or
(E) in accordance with the prior written consent of the Conflicts Committee.
(iii) Following the expiration of the Lockup Period (other than any Transfer permitted by causes (A) through (F) of Section 4.1(b)(i) ), no Amneal Group Member shall, without the prior written consent of the Conflicts Committee, Transfer or agree to Transfer any shares of Company Common Stock to a Person
 
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or group (as such term is used in Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act) (i) if such Person or group would beneficially own in excess of fifteen percent (15%) of the voting power of the outstanding shares of Company Common Stock following such Transfer or (ii) to any such Person or group who, prior to such Transfer, beneficially owned fifteen percent (15%) or more of the outstanding Company Common Stock; provided , that such restrictions shall not apply to Transfers to such a Person or group if each of the following conditions are satisfied: such transferee (A) has filed a Schedule 13G under the Exchange Act with respect to the Company and has not subsequently filed a Schedule 13D under the Exchange Act that remains in effect with respect to the Company or (B) is an institutional investor, pension fund, foundation, sovereign wealth fund, real estate fund, mutual fund, index fund or other similar passive investor that invests in securities similar to the Class A Common Stock and has not filed a Schedule 13D with regard to the Company; and provided , further , that the restrictions set forth in this Section 4.1(b)(iii) shall not apply to a Transfer (x) consisting of a block trade executed at prevailing market prices obtainable at the time of such transfer through brokers in transactions on the NYSE, provided that the Amneal Group Member does not know or have good reason to believe that such Transfer would result in a Transfer of Class A Common Stock representing a number of shares equal to fifteen percent (15%) or more of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock to any such Person or group that has filed a Schedule 13D with regard to the Company that remains in effect, (y) to or by one or more underwriters in connection with an underwritten offering, including a block trade or a widely distributed public offering, so long as the Amneal Group Member does not know or have good reason to believe that such offering would result in a Transfer of Class A Common Stock representing a number of shares equal to fifteen percent (15%) or more of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock to any Person or group that has filed a Schedule 13D with regard to the Company, or (z) effected through a widely distributed public offering.
(c) Transfers to Affiliates . The foregoing Section 4.1(b) shall not apply to any Transfer by an Amneal Group Member, at any time, of all or any portion of its Company Common Stock to an Affiliate of Amneal Group; provided , that prior to any such Transfer, such Affiliate agrees in a writing reasonably acceptable to the Company to be bound by the terms of this Agreement as a party hereto in the position of an Amneal Group Member. Any such Transfer to an Affiliate of Amneal Group shall not be subject to the prior written consent of the Conflicts Committee.
(d) Standstill .
(i) Except as set forth in Section 4.1(d)(ii) and Section 4.1(d)(iii), until the earlier of (x) the third (3 rd ) anniversary of the Closing Date and (y) such time as Amneal Group beneficially owns shares of Company Common Stock representing less than twenty percent (20%) of the outstanding shares of Company Common Stock, Amneal Group shall not, without the prior written consent of the Conflicts Committee, directly or indirectly, alone or in concert with any other Person (including assisting or forming a group within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act or participating with or knowingly encouraging other persons to form such a group), in any manner:
(A) acquire or publicly offer or publicly propose to effect, or publicly announce any intention to effect any acquisition of beneficial ownership of Company Common Stock (including in derivative form) or any tender or exchange offer, merger, consolidation, business combination or other similar transaction involving the Company or any of its Subsidiaries that would result in the acquisition of beneficial ownership of Company Common Stock (including in derivative form);
(B) publicly seek a change in the composition or size of the Company Board, except in furtherance of the provisions of this Agreement;
(C) deposit any Company Common Stock (other than in connection with Transfers to Affiliates) into a voting trust or subject any Company Common Stock to any proxy, arrangement or agreement with respect to the voting of such securities or other agreement having a similar effect, in any such case which conflicts with Amneal Group’s obligations under Section 3.6;
 
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(D) publicly initiate, publicly propose or publicly announce any intention to participate in any “solicitation” of “proxies” to vote (as such terms are defined in Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act) with respect to the election of the Non-Amneal Directors or the removal of any Non-Amneal Director or publicly become a “participant” in a “solicitation” (as such terms are defined in Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act) with respect to the election of the Non-Amneal Directors or the removal of any Non-Amneal Director; or
(E) call for, or initiate, propose or requisition a call for, any general or special meeting of the Company’s stockholders in furtherance of the actions described in subclause (D).
(ii) Notwithstanding the foregoing Section 4.1(d)(i) ,
(A) if at any time the Amneal Group Representative loses the right to designate one or more Amneal Designees pursuant to Article III as a result of issuances of Company Securities by the Company, Amneal Group shall be permitted to acquire up to the number of shares of Company Common Stock that is the number of shares of Company Common Stock required to cause the Amneal Group Representative to regain the right to designate such number of Amneal Designee(s) that the Amneal Group Representative was entitled to designate as of immediately prior to such issuance, plus one percent (1%) of the outstanding shares of Company Common Stock; and
(B) if at any time the Amneal Group Representative loses the right to designate one or more Amneal Designees pursuant to Article III as a result of Transfers by any Amneal Group Member of beneficial ownership of shares of Company Common Stock, the other Amneal Group Members shall be permitted to acquire collectively up to the number of shares of Company Common Stock that is the number of shares of Company Common Stock required to cause the Amneal Group Representative to regain the right to designate such number of Amneal Designee(s) that the Amneal Group Representative was entitled to designate as of immediately prior to such Transfer, plus one percent (1%) of the outstanding shares of Company Capital Stock.
(iii) The foregoing Section 4.1(d)(i) shall not prohibit:
(A) Amneal Group from acquiring Company Common Stock by way of stock splits or stock dividends paid by the Company to all holders of Company Common Stock on a pro rata basis;
(B) acquisitions of Company Common Stock by Affiliates of Amneal Group pursuant to Transfers permitted by Section 4.1(c) ;
(C) acquisitions of Company Common Stock pursuant to Section 4.3 ; or
(D) Amneal Group from acquiring Company Common Stock pursuant to and in accordance with the terms of the Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC Agreement.
(e) Legend . Any stock certificates representing the Company Common Stock held by Amneal Group Members shall include a legend referencing the transfer restrictions set forth herein and in the Company’s Charter.
(f) Buyout Transaction . Any proposal by any Amneal Group Member to acquire in a transaction or series of related transactions reasonably expected to result in the acquisition of all of the Company Common Stock held by Other Stockholders must be subject to (i) the review, evaluation and prior written consent of the Conflicts Committee and (ii) for so long as Amneal Group beneficially owns more than thirty seven and one half percent (37.5%) of the outstanding shares of Company Common Stock, a non-waivable condition that a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of Company Common Stock held by Other Stockholders approve the transaction (or equivalent tender offer condition).
 4.2 Related Party Transactions .
(a) All proposed Related Party Transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents between the Company and any Amneal Group Member have been approved by the Company Board in connection with its
 
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approval of this Agreement. Any material amendments to or material modifications or terminations of or material waivers, consents or elections under any Related Party Transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents shall require the prior written consent of the Conflicts Committee if such Related Party Transactions (absent the application of the immediately preceding sentence) would require the prior written consent of the Conflicts Committee under the Conflicts Committee Charter. The prior written consent of the Conflicts Committee shall be required with respect to (i) any material amendments or modifications or terminations of any of the Transaction Documents (including, for the avoidance of doubt, the schedules thereto) and (ii) any material waivers, consents (other than any consents of the managing member of Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC contemplated by the Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC Agreement where no Amneal Group Member is a counterparty to or beneficiary of the matter in question and such matter would not otherwise require the prior written consent of the Conflicts Committee under this Section 4.2(a) ) or elections of the Company’s or Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC’s rights under any of the Transaction Documents (including, for the avoidance of doubt, the schedules thereto).
(b) All Related Party Transactions that are not contemplated by the Transaction Documents shall require the prior written consent of the Conflicts Committee if such Related Party Transactions would require the prior written consent of the Conflicts Committee under the Conflicts Committee Charter.
4.3 Participation Rights .
(a) To the extent permitted under NYSE rules, the Company hereby grants to Amneal Group the right to purchase the Pro Rata Portion of any Company Securities (other than any Excluded Securities) that the Company may from time to time propose to issue or sell to any Person, which right shall be exercisable by the Amneal Group Representative on behalf of Amneal Group. For purposes of this Section 4.3 , “ Excluded Securities ” means Company Securities issued in connection with: (i) a grant to any existing or prospective consultants, employees, officers or directors pursuant to any stock option, restricted stock award, restricted stock unit, performance share, employee stock purchase or similar equity-based plans or other compensation agreement or arrangement; (ii) any acquisition by the Company of the stock, assets, properties or business of any Person; (iii) a stock split, stock dividend or any similar recapitalization affecting the number of outstanding shares of stock or securities; (iv) any issuance of shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B-1 Common Stock upon a Redemption (as defined in the Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC Agreement) of Amneal Units held by any Amneal Group Member or (v) any issuance of warrants or other similar rights to purchase Company Common Stock to lenders or other institutional investors in any arm’s length transaction providing debt financing to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. For the avoidance of doubt, to the extent stockholder approval is required under the NYSE rules for the issuance or sale of Company Securities as provided in this Section 4.3 , (x) the Company may issue or sell Company Securities to such other Persons prior to obtaining such stockholder approval in accordance with Section 4.3(d) (to the extent no stockholder approval is required for the issuance or sale of Company Securities to such other Persons), and (y) the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to obtain such approval, and after receipt of such approval the Company shall issue or sell the Company Securities (if any) that any Amneal Group Member has irrevocably elected to purchase to such Amneal Group Member, on the terms set forth in the relevant Issuance Notice.
(b) The Company shall give written notice (an “ Issuance Notice ”) of any proposed issuance or sale described in Section 4.3(a) to Amneal Group within five (5) Business Days following any meeting of the Company Board at which any such issuance or sale is approved or, if the approval of the Company Board is not required in connection with such issuance or sale, no less than ten (10) Business Days prior to the date of the proposed issuance or sale. The Issuance Notice shall, if applicable, be accompanied by a written offer from any prospective purchaser seeking to purchase Company Securities and shall set forth the material terms and conditions of the proposed issuance, including:
(i) the number and class of the Company Securities to be issued and the percentage of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company such issuance would represent;
(ii) the proposed issuance date, which shall be at least ten (10) Business Days from the date of the Issuance Notice; and
(iii) the proposed purchase price per Company Security.
 
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(c) Amneal Group shall for a period of ten (10) Business Days following the receipt of an Issuance Notice have the right to elect irrevocably to purchase the Pro Rata Portion of the Company Securities at the purchase price set forth in the Issuance Notice by delivering a written notice to the Company, which right shall be exercisable on behalf of Amneal Group by the Amneal Group Representative. If, at the termination of such ten (10) Business Day period, the Amneal Group Representative shall have failed to deliver such notice to the Company, Amneal Group shall be deemed to have waived all of its rights under this Section 4.3 with respect to the purchase of such Company Securities. The closing of any purchase by the Amneal Group Representative shall be consummated concurrently with the consummation of the issuance or sale described in the Issuance Notice; provided , however , that the closing of any purchase by the Amneal Group Representative may be extended beyond the closing of the transaction in the Issuance Notice to the extent necessary to obtain any required approval or consent of a Governmental Entity or any other third party (and the Company and Amneal Group shall use their respective reasonable best efforts to obtain such approvals).
(d) Upon the expiration of the ten (10) Business Day period described in Section 4.3(c) , the Company shall be free to sell such Company Securities that the Amneal Group Representative has not elected irrevocably to purchase on terms and conditions no more favorable to the purchasers thereof than those offered to Amneal Group in the Issuance Notice delivered in accordance with Section 4.3(b) .
 ARTICLE V
REGISTRATION RIGHTS
 5.1 Shelf Registration Statement . Prior to the Closing, the Amneal Group Representative and Impax shall jointly prepare, and Impax shall cause the Company to file with the SEC (no later than five (5) Business Days following the later of (i) the date on which the Registration Statement on Form S-4, to be jointly prepared by Amneal and Impax and filed by the Company in accordance with Section 6.01 of the Transaction Agreement (the “ Form S-4 Registration Statement ”), is declared effective by the SEC and (ii) the date that Impax has received all information reasonably required from Amneal Group for inclusion in the Shelf Registration Statement, to the extent such information was not previously included in the Form S-4 Registration Statement) a “shelf” registration statement on Form S-1 with the SEC with respect to resales of all Registrable Shares to be held by Amneal Group following the Closing in accordance with Rule 415 (together with any additional registration statements filed to register any Registrable Shares, the “ Shelf Registration Statement ”). Prior to the Closing, Impax shall use its reasonable best efforts to cause the Company to, and following the Closing the Company shall, use its reasonable best efforts to (i) cause the Shelf Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed pursuant to this Section 5.1 to be declared effective under the Securities Act as promptly as reasonably possible after filing with the SEC and (ii) maintain the effectiveness of (and availability for use of) such Shelf Registration Statement on Form S-1 (including by, without limitation, filing any post-effective amendments thereto or prospectus supplements in respect thereof) until a Shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3 has been declared effective pursuant to the below. Upon becoming eligible to use Form S-3, the Company shall promptly file a Shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3, which may be in the form of a post-effective amendment to the Shelf Registration Statement on Form S-1, covering all of the then Registrable Shares and will maintain the effectiveness of the Shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3 (or such comparable or successor form) then in effect until such time as there are no Registrable Shares. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5.1 , if the SEC prevents the Company from including on a registration statement any or all of the Registrable Shares to be registered pursuant to this Section 5.1 due to limitations on the use of Rule 415 of the Securities Act for the resale of Registrable Shares by Amneal Group (a “ Rule 415 Limitation ”), such registration statement shall register the resale of a number of Registrable Shares which is equal to the maximum number of shares as is permitted by the SEC, and the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to register all such remaining Registrable Shares for resale as promptly as reasonably practicable in accordance with the applicable rules, regulations and guidance of the SEC. In such event, the number of Registrable Shares to be registered for each Amneal Group Member in such registration statement shall be reduced pro rata (i) first, among all Amneal Group Members and (ii) second, among purchasers of Company Common Stock in any Company-Assisted PIPE
 
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Transaction, in each case based on the proportion that the number of Registrable Shares held by such Amneal Group Member or shares held by such purchasers pursuant to such registration statement bears to the total number of Registrable Shares or shares held by such purchasers, as applicable, to be registered pursuant to such registration statement.
 5.2 Blackout Periods . Notwithstanding anything in Section 5.1 to the contrary, the Company shall be entitled to postpone and delay the filing or effectiveness (but not the preparation) of any registration statement or the offer or sale of any Registrable Shares thereunder (i) for reasonable periods of time in advance of the release of the Company’s quarterly and annual financial results and (ii) for reasonable periods of time, not in excess of an aggregate of sixty (60) calendar days in any twelve (12)-month period and in no event more than two times in any twelve (12)-month period (any such postponement and delay permitted by this Section 5.2 being, a “ Blackout Period ”), if (A) the Conflicts Committee determines in its good faith judgment that any such filing or effectiveness of a registration statement or the offering or sale of any Registrable Shares thereunder would (1) materially impede, materially delay or otherwise materially interfere with any pending or proposed material acquisition, disposition, corporate reorganization or other similar material transaction involving the Company as to which the Company has taken substantial steps and is proceeding with reasonable diligence to effect, (2) materially adversely affect any registered underwritten public offering of the Company’s securities for the Company’s account as to which the Company has taken substantial steps (including, but not limited to, selecting a managing underwriter for such offering) and is proceeding with reasonable diligence to effect such offering, or (3) require disclosure of material non-public information which, in the reasonable discretion of the Board, acting in good faith, would have a material adverse effect on the business, operations or management of the Company or any of its Affiliates if disclosed at such time or (B) the Conflicts Committee determines in its good faith judgment that it is necessary to amend or supplement the affected registration statement or the related prospectus so that such registration statement or prospectus shall not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; provided , however , that the Company shall give written notice to each Amneal Group Member that holds Registrable Shares of its determination to postpone or delay the filing of such registration statement or other imposition of a Blackout Period and a general statement of the reason for such deferral and an approximation of the anticipated delay; provided , further , that in the event that the Company proposes to register shares of Class A Common Stock (other than in connection with a registered underwritten public offering of the Company’s securities for the Company’s account) during a Blackout Period, the Company shall not pursuant to this Section 5.2 be entitled to postpone or delay the filing or effectiveness of any registration statement or the offer or sale of any Registrable Shares during such Blackout Period. Upon notice by the Company to Amneal Group of any such determination, each Amneal Group Member shall, except as required by applicable Law, keep the fact of any such notice strictly confidential, and during any Blackout Period, promptly halt any offer, sale, trading or transfer by it of any shares of Class A Common Stock pursuant to the registration statement for the duration of the Blackout Period set forth in such notice (or until such Blackout Period shall be earlier terminated in writing by the Company) and promptly halt any use, publication, dissemination or distribution of any prospectus or prospectus supplement covering such Registrable Shares for the duration of the Blackout Period set forth in such notice (or until such Blackout Period shall be earlier terminated in writing by the Company) and, if so directed by the Company, shall deliver to the Company any copies then in its possession of any such prospectus or prospectus supplement. A deferral of the filing or effectiveness of a registration statement or other imposition of a Blackout Period pursuant to this Section 5.2 shall be lifted as soon as practicable (and in no event later than the 46 th calendar day in any 12-month period), and the Company shall promptly (and in any event within five (5) Business Days) notify each Amneal Group Member, upon the circumstances giving rise to such Blackout Period no longer being present.
 5.3 Demand Underwritten Offerings .
(a) In the period following the expiration of the Lockup Period during which a Shelf Registration Statement covering the Registrable Shares is effective, if any Amneal Group Member (the “ Participating Amneal Members ”) delivers notice to the Company (such notice to be delivered no less than ten (10) Business Days prior
 
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to the date the underwriting agreement for any underwriting pursuant to this Section 5.3 is expected to be executed) stating that it intends to effect an underwritten public offering of all or part of its Registrable Shares included on the Shelf Registration Statement (a “ Demand Underwritten Offering ”), the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to amend or supplement the Shelf Registration Statement or related prospectus as may be necessary in order to enable such Registrable Shares to be distributed pursuant to the underwritten offering. Amneal Group shall only be entitled to offer and sell its Registrable Shares pursuant to a Demand Underwritten Offering if the aggregate amount of Registrable Shares to be offered and sold in such offering by the Participating Amneal Members are reasonably expected to result in aggregate gross proceeds (based on the current market price of the number of Registrable Shares to be sold) of not less than $75 million.
(b) Notwithstanding anything set forth herein to the contrary, following the Closing, (i) no Demand Underwritten Offering may be requested prior to the expiration of the Lockup Period, (ii) the Company may delay the commencement of any Demand Underwritten Offering for the same reasons as the Company may institute a Blackout Period prior to the commencement of any marketing efforts or “road shows” by the Company or the underwriters in connection with such Demand Underwritten Offering, and (iii) Amneal Group, collectively, shall have the right to request no more than an aggregate of two (2) Demand Underwritten Offerings or Company-Assisted PIPE Transactions in any twelve (12)-month period (other than the first Company-Assisted PIPE Transaction in any such twelve (12)-month period). Any request for a Demand Underwritten Offering under this Section 5.3 may be revoked or withdrawn upon written notice by the Participating Amneal Members to the Company; provided , that any such Demand Underwritten Offering withdrawn or not consummated for any reason shall be counted toward the total of two (2) Demand Underwritten Offerings or Company-Assisted PIPE Transactions permitted to be requested in any twelve (12)-month period; provided , however , that no revoked or withdrawn Demand Underwritten Offering or Company-Assisted PIPE Transaction shall be counted for determining the number of Demand Underwritten Offerings or Company-Assisted PIPE Transactions requested in any twelve (12)-month period if (1) Amneal Group reimburses the Company for all of its out-of-pocket costs and expenses incurred in connection with any such revoked or withdrawn Demand Underwritten Offering or Company-Assisted PIPE Transaction incurred through the date of such revocation or withdrawal and (2) such revocation or withdrawal shall have been made prior to the commencement of any marketing efforts or “road shows” by the Company or the underwriters in connection with such Demand Underwritten Offering or Company-Assisted PIPE Transaction; provided , further , that the Participating Amneal Members shall be entitled, at any time after receiving notice of the imposition of any Blackout Period by the Company, to withdraw a request for a Demand Underwritten Offering or Company-Assisted PIPE Transaction and, if such request is withdrawn, such Demand Underwritten Offering or Company-Assisted PIPE Transaction shall not count toward the total of two (2) Demand Underwritten Offerings or Company-Assisted PIPE Transactions permitted to be requested in any twelve (12)-month period.
(c) In connection with any Demand Underwritten Offering or Company-Assisted PIPE Transaction, the managing underwriter or placement agent (if any) for such offering shall be selected by the Participating Amneal Members, subject to the prior approval of the Company (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed).
(d) The Company may include Company Common Stock other than Registrable Shares in a Demand Underwritten Offering for any accounts on the terms provided below. If the managing underwriter of any proposed Demand Underwritten Offering informs the Company and the Participating Amneal Members that, in its or their opinion, the number of Registrable Shares which such Participating Amneal Members and any other Persons intend to include in such offering exceeds the number which can be sold in such offering without being likely to have a significant adverse effect on the price, timing or distribution of the securities offered or the market for the Registrable Shares offered, then the Registrable Shares to be included in such underwritten offering shall be (i) first, if requested by the Company on behalf of TPG, the number of shares of Company Common Stock TPG proposes to sell equal to at least the lesser of (A) 50% of the dollar value of the shares of Company Common Stock to be sold in the Demand Underwritten Offering or (B) $150,000,000 of shares of Company Common Stock, (ii) second, and only if all the shares referred to in clause (i) have been included, the
 
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number of shares of Registrable Shares that the Participating Amneal Members propose to sell, with such number to be allocated pro rata ( provided , that any securities thereby allocated to a Participating Amneal Member that exceed such a Participating Amneal Member’s request shall be reallocated among the remaining requesting a Participating Amneal Members in like manner) and (iii) third, and only if all the shares referred to in clause (ii) have been included, the number of shares of Company Common Stock proposed to be included therein by any other Persons (including Company Common Stock to be sold for the account of the Company) allocated among such Persons in such manner as the Company may determine.
(e) Amneal Group may request in writing that the Company provide assistance in connection with any PIPE Transaction proposed by Amneal Group (a “ Company-Assisted PIPE Transaction ”). Subject to the limitations on the number of Company-Assisted PIPE Transactions in Section 5.3(b) , the Company shall cause its management to support the marketing of the Company Securities included in the Company-Assisted PIPE Transaction and make themselves reasonably available for assistance in the selling effort for such Company-Assisted PIPE Transaction, including, but not limited to, the participation of such members of the Company’s management in road show presentations and the execution of customary stock purchase agreements, engagement letters or ancillary documentation in connection therewith and making customary representations and warranties and covenants and delivering or causing the delivery thereunder of customary deliveries for the subject company in such transaction.
(f) Nothing in this Article V shall affect, supersede or otherwise modify any of the restrictions on Transfer set forth in Article IV or any other provision of this Agreement.
 5.4 Piggyback Registration .
(a) Whenever the Company proposes to publicly sell or register for sale any of its securities in an underwritten offering pursuant to a registration statement (a “ Piggyback Registration Statement ”) under the Securities Act (other than a registration statement on Form S-8 or on Form S-4 or any similar successor forms thereto) (a “ Piggyback Registration ”), the Company shall give prompt written notice to Amneal Group of its intention to effect such sale or registration (the “ Piggyback Registration Notice ”) and, subject to Section 5.4(b) , shall include in such transaction all Registrable Securities with respect to which the Company has received a written request from any Amneal Group Member for inclusion therein within fifteen (15) days after the receipt of the Company’s notice. The Company may postpone or withdraw the filing or the effectiveness of a Piggyback Registration at any time in its sole discretion, without prejudice to any Amneal Group Member’s right to immediately request a Demand Underwritten Offering hereunder.
(b) If the managing underwriter or underwriters of any proposed underwritten offering of Registrable Shares included in a Piggyback Registration informs the Company and the Amneal Group Members that have requested to participate in such offering that, in its or their opinion, the number of Registrable Shares which such Amneal Group Members and any other Persons intend to include in such offering exceeds the number which can be sold in such offering without being likely to have a significant adverse effect on the price, timing or distribution of the securities offered or the market for the Registrable Shares offered, then the Registrable Shares to be included in such underwritten offering shall be (i) first, if requested by the Company on behalf of TPG, the number of shares of Company Common Stock TPG proposes to sell equal to at least the lesser of (A) 50% of the dollar value of the shares of Company Common Stock to be sold in the Demand Underwritten Offering or $150,000,000 of shares of Company Common Stock, (ii) second, and only if all the shares referred to in clause (i) have been included, the shares of Class A Common Stock that the Company proposes to sell, (iii) third, and only if all the shares referred to in clause (ii) have been included, the number of Registrable Shares that, in the opinion of such managing underwriter or underwriters, can be sold without having such adverse effect, with such number to be allocated pro rata (A) first, among purchasers of Company Common Stock in any Company-Assisted PIPE Transaction and (B) second, among the Amneal Group Members, in each of (A) and (B), that have requested to participate in such offering based on the relative number of Registrable Shares then held by each such holder ( provided , that any securities thereby allocated to an Amneal Group Member that exceed such Amneal Group Member’s request
 
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shall be reallocated among the remaining requesting Amneal Group Members in like manner) and (iv) fourth, and only if all of the Registrable Shares referred to in clause (iii) have been included in such Registration, any other securities eligible for inclusion in such offering.
(c) No registration of Registrable Shares effected pursuant to a request under this Section 5.4 shall be deemed to have been effected pursuant to Section 5.3 or shall relieve the Company of its obligations under Sections 5.1 through 5.3 .
 5.5 Registration Procedures .
(a) In connection with each registration statement prepared pursuant to this Article V pursuant to which Registrable Shares will be offered and sold, and in accordance with the intended method or methods of distribution of the Registrable Shares as described in such registration statement, the Company shall as expeditiously as reasonably possible:
(i) prepare and file with the SEC such registration statement on an appropriate registration form of the SEC and use reasonable best efforts to cause such registration statement to become effective under the Securities Act as promptly as reasonably practicable after the filing thereof, which registration statement shall comply as to form in all materials respects with the requirements of the applicable form and include all financial statements required by such form to be filed therewith; provided that before filing a registration statement or prospectus or any amendments or supplements thereto, the Company shall furnish to one counsel selected by Amneal Group (which such counsel shall be confirmed to the Company in writing (the “ Counsel ”)) draft copies of all such documents proposed to be filed (other than any portion of any thereof which contains information for which the Company has sought confidential treatment) as far in advance as reasonably practicable prior to filing (and in any event at least five (5) Business Days prior to such filing or such shorter time period as may be agreed by the Amneal Group and the Company), which documents will be subject to the reasonable review and (except for exhibits) comment of the Amneal Group and the Counsel and the underwriters in connection with any underwritten offering, and the Company shall not file any amendment or supplement to the Form S-4 Registration Statement or the Shelf Registration Statement to which the Amneal Group or any such underwriters shall reasonably object;
(ii) furnish without charge to each Amneal Group Member and the underwriters, if any, at least one conformed copy of the registration statement and each post-effective amendment or supplement thereto (including all schedules and exhibits but excluding all documents incorporated or deemed incorporated therein by reference, unless requested in writing by any Amneal Group Member or an underwriter, except to the extent such exhibits and schedules are currently available via EDGAR and other than any portion of any thereof which contains information for which the Company has sought confidential treatment) and such number of copies of the registration statement and each amendment or supplement thereto (excluding exhibits and schedules) and the summary, preliminary, final, amended or supplemented prospectuses included in such registration statement as each Amneal Group Member or such underwriter may reasonably request in order to facilitate the public sale or other disposition of the Registrable Shares being sold by such Amneal Group Member (the Company hereby consents to the use in accordance with the U.S. securities laws of such registration statement (or post-effective amendment thereto) and each such prospectus (or preliminary prospectus or supplement thereto) by such Amneal Group Member and the underwriters, if any, in connection with the offering and sale of the Registrable Shares covered by such registration statement or prospectus);
(iii) keep such registration statement effective and updated (including the filing of a new registration statement upon the expiration of a prior one) with respect to the disposition of all Registrable Securities subject thereto until the date on which there are no Registrable Shares (the “ Effective Period ”), and prepare and file with the SEC such amendments, post-effective amendments and supplements to the registration statement and the prospectus as may be necessary to maintain the effectiveness of the registration for the Effective Period) and cause the prospectus (and any amendments or supplements thereto) to be filed with the SEC;
 
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(iv) use its reasonable best efforts to register or qualify the Registrable Shares covered by such registration statement under such other securities or “blue sky” laws of such jurisdictions in the United States as are reasonably necessary, keep such registrations or qualifications in effect for so long as the registration statement remains in effect, and do any and all other acts and things which may be reasonably necessary to enable an Amneal Group Member or any underwriter to consummate the disposition of the Registrable Shares in such jurisdictions; provided , however , that in no event shall the Company be required to (A) qualify to do business as a foreign corporation in any jurisdiction where it would not, but for the requirements of this clause (iv), be required to be so qualified, (B) execute or file any general consent to service of process under the laws of any jurisdiction, (C) take any action that would subject it to service of process in suits other than those arising out of the offer and sale of the securities covered by the registration statement, or (D) subject itself to taxation in any jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be obligated to do so, but for this clause (iv);
(v) use its reasonable best efforts to cause all Registrable Shares covered by such registration statement to be listed (after notice of issuance) on the NYSE or on the principal securities exchange or interdealer quotation system on which Class A Common Stock is then listed or quoted;
(vi) promptly notify Amneal Group and the managing underwriter or underwriters in connection with any underwritten offering after becoming aware thereof, (A) when the registration statement or any related prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto has been filed, and, with respect to the registration statement or any post-effective amendment, when the same has become effective, (B) of any request by the SEC or any U.S. state securities authority for amendments or supplements to the registration statement or the related prospectus or for additional information, (C) of the issuance by the SEC of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the registration statement or the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose, (D) of the receipt by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification of the Registrable Shares for sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation of any proceeding for such purpose, or (E) within the Effective Period of the happening of any event or the existence of any fact which makes any statement in the registration statement or any post-effective amendment thereto, prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any document incorporated therein by reference untrue in any material respect or which requires the making of any changes in the registration statement or post-effective amendment thereto or any prospectus or amendment or supplement thereto so that they will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;
(vii) during the Effective Period, use its reasonable best efforts to obtain the withdrawal of any order enjoining or suspending the use or effectiveness of the registration statement or any post-effective amendment thereto or the lifting of any suspension of the qualification of any of the Registrable Shares for sale in any jurisdiction;
(viii) deliver to Amneal Group and the managing underwriters in connection with any underwritten offering copies of all correspondence between the SEC and the Company, its counsel or auditors and all memoranda relating to discussions with the SEC or its staff with respect to the registration statement (except to the extent such correspondence is currently available via EDGAR or relates to information subject to a confidential treatment request); provided that any such investigation shall not interfere unreasonably with the Company’s business;
(ix) provide and cause to be maintained a transfer agent and registrar for all Registrable Shares covered by such registration statement not later than the effective date of such registration statement;
(x) cooperate with Amneal Group and the managing underwriter or underwriters in connection with any underwritten offering to facilitate the timely preparation and delivery of certificates representing the Registrable Shares to be sold under the registration statement in a form eligible for deposit with the Depository Trust Corporation not bearing any restrictive legends (other than as required by the Depository Trust Corporation) and not subject to any stop transfer order with any transfer agent, and cause such
 
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Registrable Shares to be issued in such denominations and registered in such names as the managing underwriters in connection with any underwritten offering may request in writing or, if not an underwritten offering, in accordance with the instructions of the relevant Amneal Group Members, in each case at least two (2) Business Days prior to any sale of Registrable Shares;
(xi) in the case of a firm commitment underwritten offering, enter into, concurrently with the relevant Amneal Group Members, an underwriting agreement customary in form and substance (taking into account the Company’s prior underwriting agreements) for a firm commitment underwritten secondary offerings of the nature contemplated by the applicable registration statement;
(xii) obtain an opinion from the Company’s counsel and a “cold comfort” letter from the Company’s independent public accountants (and, if necessary, any other independent certified public accountants of any Subsidiary of the Company or of any business acquired by the Company for which financial statements and financial data is, or is required to be, included in the registration statement) in customary form and covering such matters as are customarily covered by such opinions and “cold comfort” letters in connection with an offering of the nature contemplated by the applicable registration statement;
(xiii) provide to the Counsel and to the managing underwriters in connection with any underwritten offering and no later than the time of filing of any document which is to be incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus (after the initial filing of such registration statement), copies of any such document;
(xiv) cause its management to use commercially reasonable efforts to support the marketing of the Registrable Shares covered by a Demand Underwritten Offering or Company-Assisted PIPE Transaction and make themselves reasonably available for assistance in the selling effort covered by such transactions, including, but not limited to, the participation of such members of the Company’s management in road show presentations; and
(xv) otherwise comply with all applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and any applicable national securities exchange.
(b) In the event that the Company would be required, pursuant to Section 5.5(a)(vi)(E) to notify Amneal Group or the managing underwriter or underwriters in connection with any underwritten offering of the occurrence of any event specified therein, the Company shall, subject to Section 5.5(c) , as promptly as practicable, prepare and furnish to Amneal Group and to each such underwriter a reasonable number of copies of a prospectus supplemented or amended so that, as thereafter delivered to purchasers of Registrable Shares that have been registered pursuant to this Agreement, such prospectus shall not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. Each Amneal Group Member agrees that, upon receipt of any notice from the Company pursuant to Section 5.5(a)(vi)(C) , Section 5.5(a)(vi)(D) or Section 5.5(a)(vi)(E) hereof, it shall, and shall use all reasonable best efforts to cause any sales or placement agent or agents for the Registrable Shares and the underwriters, if any, to, forthwith discontinue disposition of the Registrable Shares until such Person shall have received notice from the Company that such offers and sales of the Registrable Shares may be resumed and, if applicable, such Person shall have received copies of such amended or supplemented prospectus and, if so directed by the Company, to destroy all copies, other than permanent file copies, then in its possession of the prospectus (prior to such amendment or supplement) covering such Registrable Shares as soon as practicable after the Amneal Groups Members’ receipt of such notice.
(c) In the case of any Demand Underwritten Offering or Piggyback Registration, all Registrable Shares to be included in such offering or registration, as the case may be, shall be subject to the applicable underwriting agreement and no Amneal Group Member may participate in such offering or registration unless such Amneal Group Member agrees to sell such Amneal Group Member’s securities on the basis provided therein and completes and executes all questionnaires, indemnities, underwriting agreements and other documents which
 
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must be executed in connection therewith, and provides such other information to the Company or the underwriter as may be reasonably requested to offer or register such Person’s Registrable Shares.
5.6  Obligations of Amneal Group .
(a) Amneal Group Information . Each Amneal Group Member shall furnish to the Company in writing such information (“ Required Amneal Group Member Information ”) regarding the Amneal Group Member, the Registrable Shares held by it and its intended method of distribution of the Registrable Shares as the Company may from time to time reasonably request in writing, and shall execute such documents in connection with such registration as may reasonably be required to effect the registration, in order for the Company to comply with its obligations under all applicable securities and other laws and to ensure that the prospectus relating to such Registrable Shares, or any amendment or supplement to a registration statement or prospectus, conforms to the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder. If an Amneal Group Member fails to provide the requested information or execute such documents in connection with such registration as may reasonably be required to effect the registration within five (5) Business Days of the receipt by the Amneal Group Member of such request, the Company shall be entitled to refuse to register such Amneal Group Member’s Registrable Shares in the applicable registration statement. Each Amneal Group Member shall notify the Company as promptly as practicable of any inaccuracy or change in any Required Amneal Group Member Information previously furnished by such Amneal Group Member to the Company or of the occurrence of any event, in either case as a result of which any prospectus relating to the Registrable Shares contains or would contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, in connection with any registration, and promptly furnish to the Company any additional information required to correct and update such previously furnished Amneal Group Member Information or required so that such prospectus shall not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
(b) Filing Cooperation . Each Amneal Group Member agrees to cooperate with the Company as reasonably requested by the Company in connection with the preparation and filing of any registration statement in which any Registrable Shares held by such Amneal Group Member are being included.
(c) Holdback .
(i) The Company shall not effect any public sale or distribution of its equity securities, or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for such securities, during the ten days prior to and during the 90-day period beginning on the pricing date in connection with any Demand Underwritten Offering or a Piggyback Registration, except pursuant to any registrations on Form S-4 or Form S-8 or any successor form or unless the underwriters managing any such public offering otherwise agree.
(ii) If requested by the managing underwriter(s) for an underwritten offering (primary or secondary) of any equity securities (or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for equity securities) of the Company, each Amneal Group Member hereby agrees not to effect any Transfer of any Class A Common Stock (or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Class A Common Stock), including any sale pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act, and not to effect any Transfer of any other equity security of the Company (in each case, other than as part of such underwritten public offering) during the ten (10) days prior to, and during the 90-day period (or such shorter period as the managing underwriter(s) may permit in writing) beginning on, the effective date of the related registration statement (or date of the prospectus supplement if the offering is made pursuant to a “shelf” registration) pursuant to which such underwritten offering shall be made, provided that all of the Company’s executive officers and directors and any other holders of Class A Common Stock who are selling shares of Class A Common Stock in such underwritten offering enter into similar agreements for the same time period and on no less restrictive terms.
 
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5.7  Expenses . Amneal Group shall bear all agent fees and commissions, underwriting discounts and commissions, and fees and disbursements of its counsel (including the Counsel) and its accountants in connection with any registration of any Registrable Shares pursuant to this Article V and any Company-Assisted PIPE Transaction. The Company shall bear all other fees and expenses in connection with any registration statement prepared, filed or caused to become effective pursuant to this Article V , including all registration and filing fees, all printing costs and all fees and expenses of counsel and accountants for the Company and its Subsidiaries.
5.8  Indemnification; Contribution .
(a) In the event any Registrable Shares are included in a registration statement contemplated by this Agreement, the Company shall, and it hereby agrees to, indemnify and hold harmless, or cause to be indemnified and held harmless, each Amneal Group Member and its respective officers, directors, employees and controlling Persons, if any, in any offering or sale of the Registrable Shares, against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities in respect thereof and expenses (including reasonable fees of counsel) (collectively, “ Claims ”), to which each such indemnified party may become subject, insofar as such Claims (including any amounts paid in settlement effected with the consent of the Company as provided herein), or actions or proceedings in respect thereof, arise out of or are based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any registration statement, or any preliminary or final prospectus contained therein, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any document incorporated by reference therein, or arise out of or are based upon any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading, and the Company shall, and it hereby agrees to, reimburse, upon request, each such Amneal Group Member for any legal or other out-of-pocket expenses reasonably incurred and documented by them in connection with investigating or defending any such Claims; provided , however , that the Company shall not be liable to any Amneal Group Member (or its officers, directors, employee and controlling Persons, if any) in any such case to the extent that any such Claims arise out of or are based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in such registration statement, or preliminary or final prospectus, or amendment or supplement thereto, in reliance upon and in conformity with the Required Amneal Group Member Information furnished to the Company in writing by such Amneal Group Member or on behalf of such Amneal Group Member by any Representative of the Amneal Group Member, expressly for use therein, that is the subject of the untrue statement or omission.
(b) In the event any Registrable Shares are included in a registration statement contemplated by this Agreement, each Amneal Group Member shall, and hereby agrees to, indemnify and hold harmless the Company and its officers, directors, employees and controlling Persons, if any, in any offering or sale of its Registrable Shares against any Claims to which each such indemnified party may become subject, insofar as such Claims (including any amounts paid in settlement as provided herein), or actions or proceedings in respect thereof, arise out of or are based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any registration statement, or any preliminary or final prospectus contained therein, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any document incorporated by reference therein, or arise out of or are based upon any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and each Amneal Group Member shall, and it hereby agrees to, reimburse the Company for any legal or other out-of-pocket expenses reasonably incurred and documented by the Company in connection with investigating or defending any such Claims, in each case only to the extent that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in reliance upon and in conformity with the Required Amneal Group Member Information furnished to the Company in writing by the Amneal Group Member or its Representative expressly for use therein that is the subject of the untrue statement or omission; provided , however , that the liability of each Amneal Group Member hereunder shall be limited to an amount equal to the dollar amount of the net proceeds received by such Amneal Group Member from the sale of Registrable Shares sold by such Amneal Group Member pursuant to such registration statement or prospectus.
(c) Amneal Group and the Company agree that if, for any reason, the indemnification provisions contemplated by Section 5.8(a) or Section 5.8(b) are unavailable to or are insufficient to hold harmless an
 
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indemnified party in respect of any Claims referred to therein, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of such Claims in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative fault of the indemnifying party, on the one hand, and the indemnified party, on the other hand, with respect to the applicable offering of securities. The relative fault of such indemnifying party and indemnified party shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by such indemnifying party or by such indemnified party, and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. If, however, the allocation in the first sentence of this Section 5.8(c) is not permitted by applicable law, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only such relative faults, but also the relative benefits of the indemnifying party and the indemnified party, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The parties hereto agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this Section 5.8(c) were to be determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation which does not take into account the equitable considerations referred to in the preceding sentences of this Section 5.8(c) . The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the Claims referred to above shall be deemed to include (subject to the limitations set forth in Section 5.9 ) any legal or other fees or expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any such action, proceeding or claim. No Person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any Person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Amneal Group Member shall be liable to contribute any amount in excess of the dollar amount equal to the sum of (i) the net proceeds received by such Amneal Group Member from the sale of Registrable Shares sold by such Amneal Group Member pursuant to such registration statement or prospectus, minus (ii) any amounts paid or payable by such Amneal Group Member pursuant to Section  5.8(b) (except in the case of fraud or willful misconduct).
5.9  Indemnification Procedures .
(a) If an indemnified party shall desire to assert any claim for indemnification provided for under Section 5.8 in respect of, arising out of or involving a Claim against the indemnified party, such indemnified party shall notify the Company or the Amneal Group Member, as the case may be (the “ Indemnifying Party ”), in writing of such Claim, the amount or the estimated amount of damages sought thereunder to the extent then ascertainable (which estimate shall not be conclusive of the final amount of such Claim), any other remedy sought thereunder, any relevant time constraints relating thereto and, to the extent practicable, any other material details pertaining thereto (a “ Claim Notice ”) promptly after receipt by such indemnified party of written notice of the Claim; provided , however , that failure to provide a Claim Notice shall not affect the indemnification obligations provided hereunder except to the extent the Indemnifying Party shall have been materially prejudiced as a result of such failure. The indemnified party shall deliver to the Indemnifying Party, promptly after the indemnified party’s receipt thereof, copies of all notices and documents (including court papers) received by the indemnified party relating to the Claim; provided , however , that failure to provide any such copies shall not affect the indemnification obligations provided hereunder except to the extent the Indemnifying Party shall have been materially prejudiced as a result of such failure.
(b) The Indemnifying Party shall have the right to assume the defense of any Claim for which indemnification is being sought, including the employment of counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party and the payment of all reasonable fees and expenses incurred in connection with defense thereof. Should the Indemnifying Party so elect to assume the defense of a Claim, the Indemnifying Party will not be liable to the indemnified party for legal expenses subsequently incurred by the indemnified party in connection with the defense thereof, unless: (1) the Indemnifying Party has agreed in writing to pay such fees and expenses; (2) the Indemnifying Party shall have failed promptly to assume the defense of such Claim and to employ counsel reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party; or (3) such indemnified party shall have been advised by counsel that an actual or potential conflict of interest exists if the same counsel were to represent such
 
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indemnified party and the Indemnifying Party or any other indemnified party (in which case, if such indemnified party notifies the Indemnifying Party in writing that it elects to employ separate counsel at the expense of the Indemnifying Party, the Indemnifying Party shall not have the right to assume the defense thereof and such counsel shall be at the expense of the Indemnifying Party); provided , that the Indemnifying Party shall not be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one separate firm of attorneys (in addition to not more than one local counsel that may be required in the opinion of such firm) at any time for all indemnified parties hereunder. If the Indemnifying Party assumes such defense, the indemnified party shall have the right to participate in defense thereof and to employ counsel, at its own expense (except as provided in the immediately preceding sentence), separate from the counsel employed by the Indemnifying Party. If the Indemnifying Party chooses to defend any Claim, the indemnified party shall cooperate in the defense or prosecution thereof. Such cooperation shall include the retention and (upon the Indemnifying Party’s request) the provision to the Indemnifying Party of records and information that are reasonably relevant to such Claim, and the indemnified party shall use reasonable best efforts to make employees available on a mutually convenient basis to provide additional information and explanation of any material provided hereunder. Whether or not the Indemnifying Party shall have assumed the defense of a Claim, the indemnified party shall not admit any liability with respect to, or settle, compromise or discharge, such Claim without the Indemnifying Party’s prior written consent (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed). The Indemnifying Party may pay, settle or compromise a Claim without the written consent of the indemnified party, so long as such settlement includes (i) an unconditional release of the indemnified party from all liability in respect of such Claim, (ii) does not subject the indemnified party to any injunctive relief or other equitable remedy, and (iii) does not include a statement or admission of fault, culpability or failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.
5.10 Rule 144 . The Company will file the reports required to be filed by it under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations adopted by the SEC thereunder (or, if the Company is not required to file such reports, will, upon the request of Amneal Group, make publicly available other information) and will take such further action as any Amneal Group Member may reasonably request, all to the extent required from time to time to enable each Amneal Group Member to sell Class A Common Stock without registration under the Securities Act within the limitation of the exemptions provided by (i) Rule 144 under the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time or (ii) any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the SEC. Upon the reasonable request of any Amneal Group Member, the Company will deliver to such parties a written statement as to whether it has complied with such requirements and will, at its expense, forthwith upon the request of any such Amneal Group Member, deliver to such Amneal Group Member a certificate, signed by the Company’s principal financial officer, stating (a) the Company’s name, address and telephone number (including area code), (b) the Company’s Internal Revenue Service identification number, (c) the Company’s SEC file number, (d) the number of shares of each class of capital stock outstanding as shown by the most recent report or statement published by the Company, and (e) whether the Company has filed the reports required to be filed under the Exchange Act for a period of at least ninety (90) days prior to the date of such certificate and in addition has filed the most recent annual report required to be filed thereunder.
5.11 Preservation of Rights . The Company will not (i) grant any registration rights to third parties which are more favorable than or inconsistent with the rights granted hereunder or (ii) enter into any agreement, take any action, or permit any change to occur, with respect to its securities that violates or subordinates the rights expressly granted to Amneal Group in this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company is hereby expressly permitted to grant the registration rights contemplated by Section 2 of that certain letter agreement, dated as of the date hereof, between the Company and TPG.
5.12 Transfer of Registration Rights . The rights of each Amneal Group Member under this Agreement may be assigned to any direct or indirect transferee of an Amneal Group Member permitted under this Agreement who agrees in writing to be subject to and bound by all the terms and conditions of this Agreement. In furtherance of the foregoing and in lieu of an assignment of rights pursuant to the foregoing sentence, if requested by any Amneal Group Member in connection with any such Transfer by an Amneal Group Member, the Company will enter into one or standalone registration rights agreements for the benefit of such direct or
 
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indirect transferee providing for registration rights that are substantially consistent with the rights of such Amneal Group Member under this Agreement.
ARTICLE VI
FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION
Unless otherwise expressly provided, each of the covenants and agreements in this Article VI shall terminate at the end of the fiscal year of the Company in which the Trigger Date occurs:
6.1 Exchange of Information . Until the end of the fiscal year of the Company in which the Trigger Date occurs, each of the members of Amneal Group and the Company Group, on behalf of itself and the other members of its respective Group, agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to provide, or cause to be provided, to the other, at any time after the date hereof, as soon as reasonably practicable after written request therefor, any Information in the possession or under the control of such respective Group which the requesting party reasonably needs to comply with reporting, disclosure or filing requirements imposed on the requesting party or a member of its Group (including under applicable securities or Tax Laws) by a Governmental Entity having jurisdiction over the requesting party or such member of its Group; provided , however , that in the event that any Party determines that any such provision of Information could be commercially detrimental, violate any Law or agreement, or waive any attorney-client privilege, the Parties shall take reasonable measures to permit the compliance with such obligations in a manner that avoids any such harm or consequence. In connection therewith, each Party shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to respond to reasonable requests from the other Party for information regarding the Information delivered pursuant to this Section  6.1 and, if requested, shall make appropriate personnel available to discuss such Information.
6.2 Ownership of Information . Any Information owned by one Group that is provided to a requesting Party pursuant to Section  6.1 shall be deemed to remain the property of the providing Group. Unless specifically set forth herein, nothing contained in this Agreement shall be construed as granting or conferring rights of license or otherwise in any such Information.
6.3 Compensation for Providing Information . In connection with Information exchanged pursuant to Section  6.1 , the Party requesting Information agrees to reimburse the other Party for the reasonable, documented out-of-pocket costs, if any, of creating, gathering and copying such Information or otherwise performing, to the extent that such costs are incurred for the benefit of the requesting Party. Except as may be otherwise specifically provided elsewhere in this Agreement, or in any other agreement between the Parties, such costs shall be computed in accordance with the providing Party’s standard methodology and procedures.
6.4 Record Retention . To facilitate the possible exchange of Information pursuant to this Article  VI and other provisions of this Agreement, Amneal Group and the Company agree to use their reasonable best efforts to retain all Information in their respective possession or control in accordance with the policies of Amneal Group as in effect on the date of the Closing, to the extent such policies are communicated in writing to the Company reasonably in advance, or such other policies as may be reasonably adopted by the appropriate Party after the date hereof. Neither Party will destroy, or permit any of its Subsidiaries to destroy, any Information which the other Party may have the right to obtain pursuant to this Agreement prior to the fifth anniversary of the date of the Closing without first using its reasonable best efforts to notify the other Party of the proposed destruction and giving the other Party the opportunity to take possession of such Information prior to such destruction; provided , however , no Party will destroy, or permit any of its Subsidiaries to destroy, any Information required to be retained by applicable Law.
6.5 Production of Witnesses; Records; Cooperation .
(a) Except in the case of an adversarial Action by one Party against another Party, each member of Amneal Group and the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to make available to each other Party, upon written
 
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request, the former, current and future directors, officers, employees, other personnel and agents of the members of its respective Group as witnesses and any books, records or other documents within its control or which it otherwise has the ability to make available, to the extent that any such person (giving consideration to business demands of such directors, officers, employees, other personnel and agents) or books, records or other documents may reasonably be required in connection with any Action in which the requesting Party may from time to time be involved. The requesting Party shall bear all costs and expenses in connection therewith.
(b) Without limiting the foregoing, Amneal Group and the Company shall cooperate and consult to the extent reasonably necessary with respect to any Actions.
(c) In connection with any matter contemplated by this Section  6.5 , Amneal Group and the Company intend to and will maintain any applicable attorney-client privilege, work product doctrine, and other applicable privileges, doctrines, or immunities of any member of any Group.
6.6 Privilege . To the fullest extent permitted by law, the provision of any information pursuant to this Article  VI shall not be deemed a waiver of any privilege, including privileges arising under or related to the attorney-client privilege or any other applicable privilege (a “ Privilege ”). Neither the Company or any member of the Company Group nor any member of Amneal Group will be required to provide any information pursuant to this Article  VI if the provision of such information would serve as a waiver of any Privilege afforded such information.
ARTICLE VII
MISCELLANEOUS
7.1 Corporate Power . Each member of Amneal Group represents on behalf of itself and the Company represents on behalf of itself, as follows:
(a) each such Person has the requisite corporate or other power and authority and has taken all corporate or other action necessary in order to execute, deliver and perform this Agreement and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby; and
(b) this Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by it and constitutes a valid and binding agreement of it enforceable in accordance with the terms thereof.
7.2 Confidentiality .
(a) Company Confidential Information . For a period of four (4) years following the Closing Date, subject to Section  7.2(c) and except as contemplated by this Agreement or any Transaction Document, Amneal Group shall not, and shall cause its Subsidiaries and their respective officers, directors, employees, and other agents and representatives (collectively, “ Representatives ”), not to, directly or indirectly, disclose, reveal, divulge or communicate to any Person, other than its Representatives or its Affiliates who reasonably need to know such information in providing services to any member of Amneal Group, any Company Confidential Information. If any disclosures are made in connection with providing services to any member of Amneal Group under this Agreement or any Transaction Document, then the Company Confidential Information so disclosed shall be disclosed solely to the extent necessary to perform such services. Amneal Group shall use the same degree of care to prevent and restrain the unauthorized use or disclosure of the Company Confidential Information by any of their Representatives as they currently use for their own confidential information of a like nature, but in no event less than a reasonable standard of care. For purposes of this Section  7.2(a) , any Information relating to the business currently or formerly conducted, or proposed to be conducted, by any member of the Company Group furnished to or in the possession of any member of Amneal Group, irrespective of the form of communication, and all notes, analyses, compilations, forecasts, data, translations, studies, memoranda or other documents
 
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prepared by any member of Amneal Group or their respective officers, directors and Affiliates, that contain or otherwise reflect such Information is hereinafter referred to as “ Company Confidential Information .” Company Confidential Information does not include, and there shall be no obligation hereunder with respect to, information that (i) is or becomes generally available to the public, other than as a result of a disclosure by any Amneal Group Member not otherwise permissible hereunder, (ii) Amneal Group can demonstrate was or became available to any Amneal Group Member from a source other than the Company or its Affiliates or (iii) is developed independently by an Amneal Group Member without reference to the Company Confidential Information; provided , however , that, in the case of clause (ii), the source of such information was not known by such member of Amneal Group to be bound by a confidentiality agreement with, or other contractual, legal or fiduciary obligation of confidentiality to, any member of the Company Group with respect to such information. In the event any Amneal Group Member receives Company Confidential Information after the Trigger Date, Amneal Group shall keep and shall cause its Representatives to keep such Company Confidential Information confidential for the period of one (1) year following the date such Company Confidential Information was disclosed to Amneal Group.
(b) Amneal Confidential Information . For a period of four (4) years following the Closing Date, subject to Section  7.2(c) and except as contemplated by this Agreement or any Transaction Document, the Company shall not, and shall cause its Affiliates and their respective Representatives, not to, directly or indirectly, disclose, reveal, divulge or communicate to any Person, other than its Representatives or its Affiliates who reasonably need to know such information in providing services to the Company or any member of the Company Group, any Amneal Confidential Information. If any disclosures are made in connection with providing services to any member of the Company Group under this Agreement or any Transaction Document, then the Amneal Confidential Information so disclosed shall be disclosed solely to the extent necessary to perform such services. The Company Group shall use the same degree of care to prevent and restrain the unauthorized use or disclosure of the Amneal Confidential Information by any of their Representatives as they currently use for their own confidential information of a like nature, but in no event less than a reasonable standard of care. For purposes of this Section  7.2(b) , any Information relating to the businesses currently or formerly conducted, or proposed to be conducted, by Amneal Group or any of their respective Affiliates (other than any member of the Company Group) furnished to or in the possession of any member of the Company Group, irrespective of the form of communication, and all notes, analyses, compilations, forecasts, data, translations, studies, memoranda or other documents prepared by the Company, any member of the Company Group or their respective officers, directors and Affiliates, that contain or otherwise reflect such Information is hereinafter referred to as “ Amneal Confidential Information .” Amneal Confidential Information does not include, and there shall be no obligation hereunder with respect to, information that (i) is or becomes generally available to the public, other than as a result of a disclosure by any member of the Company Group not otherwise permissible hereunder, (ii) the Company can demonstrate was or became available to any member of the Company Group from a source other than Amneal Group or its Affiliates or (iii) is developed independently by a member of the Company Group without reference to the Amneal Confidential Information; provided , however , that, in the case of clause (ii), the source of such information was not known by a member of the Company Group to be bound by a confidentiality agreement with, or other contractual, legal or fiduciary obligation of confidentiality to, any member of Amneal Group with respect to such information. In the event any member of the Company Group receives Amneal Confidential Information after the Trigger Date, the Company shall keep and shall cause its Representatives to keep such Amneal Confidential Information confidential for the period of one (1) year following the date such Amneal Confidential Information was disclosed to the Company Group.
(c) If Amneal Group or its Affiliates, on the one hand, or the Company or its Affiliates, on the other hand, are requested or required (by oral question, interrogatories, requests for information or documents, subpoena, civil investigative demand or similar process) by any Governmental Entity or pursuant to applicable Law or stock exchange requirements to disclose or provide any Company Confidential Information or Amneal Confidential Information, as applicable, the Person receiving such request or demand, or so required by applicable Law or stock exchange requirements, shall, to the extent practicable and legally permissible, promptly provide the other Party with advance written notice of such request, demand or requirement and will reasonably cooperate other
 
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Party (at such other Party’s sole expense) with the other Party’s efforts to seek confidential treatment of any Confidential Information to be disclosed and/or to obtain a protective order narrowing the scope of disclosure. Confidential Information that is disclosed pursuant to this Section  7.2(c) will remain otherwise subject to the confidentiality and non-use provisions set forth herein. Subject to the foregoing, the Party that received such request or demand may thereafter disclose or provide any Company Confidential Information or Amneal Confidential Information, as the case may be, only to the extent required by such Law or stock exchange requirement (as so advised by counsel) or by lawful process or such Governmental Entity.
7.3 Governing Law ; Consent to Jurisdiction . This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, without giving effect to any applicable principles of conflict of laws that would cause the Laws of another State to otherwise govern this Agreement. The Parties agree that any Action seeking to enforce any provision of, or based on any matter arising out of or in connection with, this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby (whether brought by any Party or any of its Affiliates or against any Party or any of its Affiliates) shall be heard and determined exclusively in the Delaware Court of Chancery; provided , that if the Delaware Court of Chancery does not have jurisdiction over such Action, such Action shall be heard and determined exclusively in the Superior Court of the State of Delaware (Complex Commercial Division); provided , further , that if subject matter jurisdiction over the matter that is the subject of the Action is vested exclusively in the federal courts of the United States of America, such Action shall be heard in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. Consistent with the preceding sentence, each of the Parties hereby (i) submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of such courts for the purpose of any Action arising out of or relating to this Agreement brought by any Party; (ii) agrees that service of process will be validly effected by sending notice in accordance with Section  7.5 ; (iii) irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert by way of motion, defense or otherwise, in any such Action, any claim that it is not subject personally to the jurisdiction of the above-named courts, that its property is exempt or immune from attachment or execution, that the Action is brought in an inconvenient forum, that the venue of the Action is improper, or that this Agreement or the transactions contemplated by this Agreement may not be enforced in or by any of the above named courts; and (iv) agrees not to move to transfer any such Action to a court other than any of the above-named courts.
7.4 Waiver of Jury Trial . EACH OF THE PARTIES HEREBY WAIVES TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY WITH RESPECT TO ANY LITIGATION DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF, UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS. EACH OF THE PARTIES HEREBY (A) CERTIFIED THAT NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF THE OTHER PARTY HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PARTY WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER AND (B) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT HAS BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT AND THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED BY THIS AGREEMENT, AS APPLICABLE, BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION  7.4 .
7.5 Notices . Except for notices that are specifically required by the terms of this Agreement to be delivered orally, all notices, requests, claims, demands and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given, delivered and/or provided (a) when delivered personally, by facsimile (which is confirmed by a printed confirmation produced by the sending machine) or by e-mail of a .pdf attachment (for which a confirmation email is obtained), or (b) on the next Business Day when dispatched for overnight delivery by
 
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Federal Express or a similar courier, in either case, to the parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a party as shall be specified by like notice):
If to Amneal Group, to:
Amneal Holdings, LLC
c/o AE Companies, LLC
995 Route 202/206
Bridgewater, NJ 08807
Attention: Chirag Patel
Email: chiragp@aecollc.com
and
Amneal Holdings, LLC
520 Newport Center Drive
Newport Beach, CA 92660
Attention: Edward G. Coss
Email: edc@tarsadia.com
with a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):
Latham & Watkins LLP
885 3rd Ave
New York, NY 10022
Attention: Charles K. Ruck; R. Scott Shean
Email: charles.ruck@lw.com; scott.shean@lw.com
If to the Company, to:
Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
400 Crossing Boulevard, Third Floor
Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
Attn: General Counsel
with a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):
Sullivan & Cromwell LLP
125 Broad Street
New York, NY 10004
Attention: Francis J. Aquila
Email: aquilaf@sullcrom.com
7.6 Severability . If any provision of this Agreement shall be held to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable under any applicable Law, then such contravention or invalidity shall not invalidate the entire Agreement. Such provision shall be deemed to be modified to the extent necessary to render it legal, valid and enforceable, and if no such modification shall render it legal, valid and enforceable, then this Agreement shall be construed as if not containing the provision held to be invalid, and the rights and obligations of the Parties shall be construed and enforced accordingly.
7.7 Entire Agreement . This Agreement (including the annexes, exhibits and letters hereto) and the Transaction Documents constitute the entire agreement, and supersede all other prior agreements and understandings (both written and oral), among the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof.
7.8 Assignment; No Third-Party Beneficiaries . This Agreement shall not be assigned by any of the Parties without the prior written consent of the other Parties; provided , that notwithstanding the foregoing, each Amneal Group Member shall be entitled to assign such Amneal Group Member’s rights and obligations (i) under this
 
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Agreement, collectively, in connection with any Transfer of shares of Company Common Stock permitted under Section  4.1(b)(i)(E) , Section  4.1(b)(i)(F) or Section  4.1(c) (in which case such transferee shall, prior to any such Transfer, agree in a writing reasonably acceptable to the Company to be bound by the terms of this Agreement as a party hereto in the position of an Amneal Group Member) or (ii) under Article V (Registration Rights), in connection with any Transfer of Registrable Shares. This Agreement is for the sole benefit of the Parties to this Agreement and the members of their respective Group and their permitted successors and assigns, including any transferee in a Permitted Transfer (as defined in the Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC Agreement), and nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to or shall confer upon any other Person or entity (other than the Conflicts Committee, which is an intended third party beneficiary of the covenants set forth in this Agreement) any legal or equitable right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement.
7.9 Amendment; Waiver . No provision of this Agreement may be amended or modified except by a written instrument signed by all the Parties to such agreement; provided , that any material amendment or modification of this Agreement shall require the prior written consent of the Conflicts Committee. Either Party may, in its sole discretion, waive any and all rights granted to it in this Agreement; provided , that no waiver by any Party of any provision hereof shall be effective unless explicitly set forth in writing and executed by the Party so waiving; provided , further , that any waiver of any or all of the Company’s rights granted under this Agreement shall require the prior written consent of the Conflicts Committee. The waiver by any Party of a breach of any provision of this Agreement shall not operate or be construed as a waiver of any other subsequent breach.
7.10 Interpretations . When a reference is made in this Agreement to an Article, Section or Schedule, such reference shall be to an Article, Section or Schedule to this Agreement unless otherwise indicated. The words “include,” “includes” and “including” when used herein shall be deemed in each case to be followed by the words “without limitation.” Any references in this Agreement to “the date hereof” refers to the date of execution of this Agreement. The table of contents and headings contained in this Agreement are for reference purposes only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement. References to “this Agreement,” “hereof,” “herein,” and “hereunder” refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement and include any schedules, annexes, exhibits or other attachments to this Agreement. The word “or” shall be deemed to mean “and/or.” All terms defined in this Agreement shall have the defined meanings when used in any certificate or other document made or delivered pursuant hereto unless otherwise defined therein. The definitions contained in this Agreement are applicable to the singular as well as the plural forms of such terms and to the masculine as well as to the feminine and neuter genders of such term. Any agreement, instrument or statute defined or referred to herein or in any agreement or instrument that is referred to herein means such agreement, instrument or statute as from time to time amended, modified or supplemented, including (in the case of agreements or instruments) by waiver or consent and (in the case of statutes) by succession of comparable successor statutes and references to all attachments thereto and instruments incorporated therein. References to a Person are also to its permitted successors and assigns. The Parties have participated jointly in the negotiation and drafting of this Agreement with the assistance of counsel and other advisors and, in the event an ambiguity or question of intent or interpretation arises, this Agreement shall be construed as jointly drafted by the Parties and no presumption or burden of proof shall arise favoring or disfavoring any party by virtue of the authorship of any provision of this Agreement or interim drafts of this Agreement.
7.11 Privileged Matters .
(a) Each of the Parties agrees, on its own behalf and on behalf of its directors, officers, employees and Affiliates, that the law firms listed on Schedule  7.11(a) (the “ Impax Law Firms ”) may serve as counsel following consummation of the Transactions to the Company Group or any director, officer, employee or Affiliate of any member of the Company Group, in connection with any litigation, claim or obligation arising out of or relating to this Agreement, the other Transaction Documents or the Transactions notwithstanding any prior representation of Impax or any member of the Company Group by the Impax Law Firms. In connection with any representation expressly permitted pursuant to the prior sentence, Amneal Group hereby irrevocably waives and agrees not to
 
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assert any conflict of interest arising from or in connection with prior representation of Impax or any of its Affiliates by the Impax Law Firms. As to any privileged communications, or communications claimed to be privileged, in any form or format whatsoever between or among the Impax Law Firms, on the one hand, and Impax, the Company, any other member of the Company Group, or any of their respective directors, officers, employees or other representatives, on the other hand, prior to the Closing that relate to (i) the negotiation, documentation and consummation of the Transactions or any alternative transactions presented to or considered by Impax, the Company or any other member of the Company Group, or (ii) any dispute arising under this Agreement or the other Transaction Documents (collectively, the “ Privileged Impax Communications ”), Amneal Group, together with any of its Affiliates, successors or assigns, agrees that it and they may not use or rely on any of the Privileged Impax Communications in any action against or involving any of the other Parties after the Closing (other than in connection with any claim of fraud or any willful and material breach), absent an express waiver or consent by the pertinent member or members of the Company Group or a final determination by a court of law that the communication is not privileged.
(b) Each of the Parties agrees, on its own behalf and on behalf of its directors, officers, employees and Affiliates, that the law firms listed on Schedule  7.11(b) (the “ Amneal Law Firms ”) may serve as counsel following consummation of the Transactions to the Amneal Group or any director, officer, employee or Affiliate of any Amneal Group Member, in connection with any litigation, claim or obligation arising out of or relating to this Agreement, the other Transaction Documents or the Transactions notwithstanding any prior representation of Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC or any of its Affiliates by the Amneal Law Firms. In connection with any representation expressly permitted pursuant to the prior sentence, Company Group hereby irrevocably waives and agrees not to assert any conflict of interest arising from or in connection with prior representation of Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC or any of its Affiliates by the Amneal Law Firms. As to any privileged communications, or communications claimed to be privileged, in any form or format whatsoever between or among the Amneal Law Firms, on the one hand, and Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, any of its Affiliates (including any Amneal Group Member), or any of their respective directors, officers, employees or other representatives, on the other hand, prior to the Closing that relate to (i) the negotiation, documentation and consummation of the Transactions or any alternative transactions presented to or considered by Amneal or any other Amneal Group Member, or (ii) any dispute arising under this Agreement or the other Transaction Documents (collectively, the “ Privileged Amneal Communications ”), Company Group, together with any of its Affiliates, successors or assigns, agrees that it and they may not use or rely on any of the Privileged Amneal Communications in any action against or involving any of the other Parties after the Closing (other than in connection with any claim of fraud or any willful and material breach), absent an express waiver or consent by the pertinent member or members of the Amneal Group or a final determination by a court of law that the communication is not privileged.
7.12 Counterparts; Electronic Transmission of Signatures . This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and by different Parties in separate counterparts, and delivered by means of electronic mail transmission or otherwise, each of which when so executed and delivered shall be deemed to be an original and all of which when taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.
7.13 Enforceable by the Conflicts Committee . All of the Company’s and Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC’s rights under this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents may be enforced by the Conflicts Committee; provided that nothing in this Agreement shall require the Conflicts Committee to act on behalf of, or enforce any rights of, the Company or Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC. Any recovery in connection with an Action brought by the Conflicts Committee hereunder or thereunder shall be for the proportionate benefit of all Other Stockholders.
[ The remainder of this page has been intentionally left blank;
the next page is the signature page. ]
 
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have caused this Agreement to be executed on the date first written above by their respective duly authorized officers.

AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS
HOLDING COMPANY, LLC	
		
By:	 	/s/ Chirag Patel	
	 	Name:	 	Chirag Patel	
	 	Title:	 	Manager	
 
[ Signature Page to Stockholders Agreement ]

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AP CLASS D MEMBER, LLC	
		
By:	 	/s/ Chirag Patel	
	 	Name:	 	Chirag Patel	
	 	Title:	 	Manager	
 
[ Signature Page to Stockholders Agreement ]

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AP CLASS E MEMBER, LLC	
		
By	 	/s/ Chirag Patel	
	 	Name:	 	Chirag Patel	
	 	Title:	 	Manager	
 
[ Signature Page to Stockholders Agreement ]

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AH PPU MANAGEMENT, LLC	
		
By	 	/s/ Chirag Patel	
	 	Name:	 	Chirag Pate	
	 	Title:	 	Manager	
 
[ Signature Page to Stockholders Agreement ]

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ATLAS HOLDINGS, INC.	
		
By	 	/s/ Paul M. Bisaro	
	 	Name:	 	Paul Bisaro	
	 	Title:	 	Chief Executive Officer and
President	
 
[ Signature Page to Stockholders Agreement ]

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Exhibit A
ATLAS HOLDINGS, INC.
CONFLICTS COMMITTEE CHARTER
This Conflicts Committee Charter (the “Charter”) has been adopted by the Company Board of Directors (the “Company Board”) of Atlas Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”).
 
I.	Purpose	
The Conflicts Committee (the “Committee”) of the Company Board is responsible for providing leadership and guidance to the Company Board and the Company regarding transactions or situations involving potential conflicts of interest between any member of the Company Group, on the one hand, and any member of Amneal Group, or any director, officer, employee or associate of any Amneal Group Member, on the other hand.
This Charter is intended to implement the provisions of the Stockholders Agreement, dated as of October 17, 2017, by and among the Company and Amneal Group, as defined therein (as amended from time to time, the “Stockholders Agreement”). Capitalized terms used in this Charter but not otherwise defined have the meanings given to such terms in the Stockholders Agreement. In the event of any conflict between this Charter and the Stockholders Agreement, the provisions of the Stockholders Agreement shall prevail.
 
II.	Term and Composition	
The Committee shall exist until the first date on which Amneal Group ceases to beneficially own at least ten percent (10%) of the outstanding shares of the Company Common Stock.
The number of directors which constitute the Committee shall be determined by the Company Board from time to time. The Committee shall be comprised solely of Company Independent Directors appointed to serve on the Committee by a majority of the Company Independent Directors then serving on the Company Board. The Company Board shall elect or appoint a chairperson of the Committee (or, if it does not do so, the Committee members shall elect a chairperson by vote of a majority of the full Committee). The members of the Committee shall serve for a term of one year or until their successors shall be appointed and qualified. No member of the Committee shall be removed except by majority vote of the Company Independent Directors then serving on the Company Board. A majority of the Company Independent Directors then serving on the Company Board shall have the authority to fill vacancies or add additional members to the Committee.
 
III.	Meetings and Procedure	
The Committee shall meet as many times as it deems necessary or advisable to carry out its duties and responsibilities. The chairperson of the Committee or a majority of the members of the Committee may call a special meeting of the Committee. One or more meetings may be conducted in whole or in part by telephone conference call or similar means if it is impracticable to obtain the personal presence of each Committee member. A majority of the members of the Committee shall constitute a quorum.
Information and materials that are important to the Committee’s understanding of the agenda items and other topics to be considered at a Committee meeting should, to the extent practicable, be distributed sufficiently in advance of the meeting to permit prior review by the directors. In the event of a pressing need for the Committee to meet on short notice or if such materials contain highly confidential or sensitive information, it is recognized that written materials may not be available in advance of the meeting.
 
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The Company shall make available to the Committee, at its meetings and otherwise, such individuals and entities as may be designated from time to time by the Committee. Following each of its meetings, the Committee shall deliver a report on the meeting to the Company Board, including a description of all actions taken by the Committee at the meeting. The Committee shall keep written minutes of its meetings, which minutes shall be maintained with the books and records of the Company.
 
IV.	Responsibilities and Duties of the Conflicts Committee	
The Committee shall have the authority and responsibilities set forth in the Stockholders Agreement, the other Transaction Documents and as may otherwise be delegated to the Committee by the Nominating Committee or the Company Board from time to time. Such authority and responsibilities include but are not limited to:
 
 	A.	Review and report to the Company Board regarding potential conflicts of interest of directors and director nominees, and review the qualifications of directors and director nominees as Independent Directors and/or Company Independent Directors.	
 
 	B.	Review and approval of certain Transfers of shares of Company Common Stock by an Amneal Group Member to third parties as required pursuant to Section  4.1(b) of the Stockholders Agreement.	
 
 	C.	Review and approval of acquisitions of Company Common Stock by Amneal Group and certain other actions of Amneal Group as required pursuant to Section  4.1(d) of the Stockholders Agreement.	
 
 	D.	Determination of whether any transaction between any member of the Company Group, on the one hand, and any member of Amneal Group, or any director, officer, employee or associate of any Amneal Group Member, on the other hand, is a Related Party Transaction that must be reviewed and approved by the Committee in accordance with the criteria set forth in the immediately following sentence. Specifically, the Committee shall be responsible for the review and approval of the following:	
 
 	a.	Any Related Party Transaction that (i) involves aggregate amounts above $2,500,000, measured by payments (together with all substantially related payments) to or from the Company Group, or (ii) is otherwise material (with materiality defined in a manner consistent with the Company’s SEC disclosure requirements) to the Company Group, taken as a whole, in any non-monetary respect;	
 
 	b.	Any material amendments or modifications to, or terminations of, any of the Transaction Documents; and	
 
 	c.	Any material waivers, consents or elections of the Company’s or Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC’s rights under any of the Transaction Documents (except as otherwise set forth in Section  4.2(a) of the Stockholders Agreement).	
 
 	E.	Review and approval of any proposal by any Amneal Group Member of a transaction, or series of related transactions, reasonably expected to result in the acquisition of all of the Company Common Stock held by Other Stockholders, pursuant to Section  4.1(f) of the Stockholders Agreement.	
 
 	F.	Determination of whether to impose a Blackout Period in accordance with Section  5.2 of the Stockholders Agreement.	
 
 	G.	Review and approval of any material amendment or modification of the Stockholders Agreement, or any material waiver of any or all of the Company’s rights granted under the Stockholders Agreement.	
 
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 	H.	Enforcement of the Company’s rights under the Stockholders Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, at the Committee’s sole discretion, pursuant to Section  7.13 of the Stockholders Agreement.	
 
 	I.	Approval of the Charter and any amendments, modifications or supplements hereto from time to time; provided that, any amendments, modifications or supplements of the Charter shall be approved by (x) seventy-five percent (75%) of the directors comprising the Company Board, (y) a majority of the Company Independent Directors then serving on the Company Board and (z) a majority of the Committee.	
 
V.	Advisors	
The Committee shall be fully empowered to requisition reasonable assistance from employees of the Company, including legal and financial staff, to retain independent legal, financial and other advisors, at the Company’s expense, as the Committee deems necessary and to approve or not approve any transaction or other matter submitted to the Committee (and such non-approval shall be binding on the Company Board). The Committee shall have sole authority to approve related fees and retention terms.
 
VI.	Delegation	
Any duties and responsibilities of the Committee may be delegated to a subcommittee of the Committee.
 
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Schedule 7.11(a)
Impax Law Firms
Sullivan & Cromwell LLP
McDermott Will and Emery LLP
 
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Schedule 7.11(b)
Amneal Law Firms
Latham & Watkins LLP
Richards Layton & Finger P.A.
 
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Exhibit 10.5

 
TAX RECEIVABLE AGREEMENT
by and among
AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS LLC and
THE MEMBERS OF AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS LLC
FROM TIME TO TIME PARTY HERETO
Dated as of [●]

 

CONTENTS

 	 	 	  	Page	 	
Article I. DEFINITIONS	  	 	1	 	
			
Section 1.1	 	Definitions	  	 	1	 	
Section 1.2	 	Rules of Construction	  	 	9	 	
		
Article II. DETERMINATION OF REALIZED TAX BENEFIT	  	 	9	 	
			
Section 2.1	 	Basis Adjustments; Amneal LLC 754 Election	  	 	9	 	
Section 2.2	 	Basis Schedules	  	 	10	 	
Section 2.3	 	Tax Benefit Schedules	  	 	10	 	
Section 2.4	 	Procedures; Amendments	  	 	11	 	
		
Article III. TAX BENEFIT PAYMENTS	  	 	12	 	
			
Section 3.1	 	Timing and Amount of Tax Benefit Payments	  	 	12	 	
Section 3.2	 	No Duplicative Payments	  	 	14	 	
Section 3.3	 	Pro-Ration of Payments as Between the Members	  	 	14	 	
		
Article IV. TERMINATION	  	 	14	 	
			
Section 4.1	 	Early Termination of Agreement; Breach of Agreement	  	 	14	 	
Section 4.2	 	Early Termination Notice	  	 	16	 	
Section 4.3	 	Payment Upon Early Termination	  	 	16	 	
		
Article V. SUBORDINATION AND LATE PAYMENTS	  	 	16	 	
			
Section 5.1	 	Subordination	  	 	16	 	
Section 5.2	 	Late Payments by the Corporation	  	 	17	 	
		
Article VI. TAX MATTERS; CONSISTENCY; COOPERATION	  	 	17	 	
			
Section 6.1	 	Participation in the Corporation’s and Amneal LLC’s Tax Matters	  	 	17	 	
Section 6.2	 	Consistency	  	 	17	 	
Section 6.3	 	Cooperation	  	 	18	 	
Section 6.4	 	Approvals	  	 	18	 	
Section 6.5	 	Tax Attributes	  	 	18	 	
		
Article VII. MISCELLANEOUS	  	 	19	 	
			
Section 7.1	 	Notices	  	 	19	 	
Section 7.2	 	Counterparts	  	 	19	 	
Section 7.3	 	Entire Agreement; No Third Party Beneficiaries	  	 	19	 	
Section 7.4	 	Governing Law	  	 	19	 	
Section 7.5	 	Severability	  	 	19	 	
Section 7.6	 	Assignments; Amendments; Successors; No Waiver	  	 	20	 	
Section 7.7	 	Titles and Subtitles	  	 	20	 	
Section 7.8	 	Resolution of Disputes	  	 	20	 	
Section 7.9	 	Reconciliation	  	 	21	 	
Section 7.10	 	Withholding	  	 	21	 	
Section 7.11	 	Admission of the Corporation into a Consolidated Group; Transfers of Corporate Assets	  	 	22	 	
Section 7.12	 	Confidentiality	  	 	22	 	
Section 7.13	 	Change in Law	  	 	23	 	
Section 7.14	 	Interest Rate Limitation	  	 	23	 	
Section 7.15	 	Independent Nature of Rights and Obligations	  	 	23	 	
 
i

Exhibits

Exhibit A	  	-	  	Form of Joinder Agreement	
 
ii

TAX RECEIVABLE AGREEMENT
This TAX RECEIVABLE AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”), dated as of [●], is hereby entered into by and among Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Corporation ”), Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ Amneal LLC ”) and each of the Members from time to time party hereto. Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein have the respective meanings set forth in Section  1.1 .
RECITALS
WHEREAS, Amneal LLC is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
WHEREAS, each of the members of Amneal LLC as of the date hereof other than the Corporation (such members, together with each other Person who becomes a party hereto by satisfying the Joinder Requirement, the “ Members ”) owns Units;
WHEREAS, the Corporation is the sole managing member of Amneal LLC;
WHEREAS, the Corporation has issued shares of its Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Class A Common Stock”);
WHEREAS, on and after the date hereof, pursuant to Section 11.01 of the LLC Agreement, each Member has the right, in its sole discretion, from time to time to have all or a portion of its Units redeemed by Amneal LLC for Class A Common Stock and/or Class B-1 Common Stock or, at the Corporation’s election, cash (in each case, a “ Redemption ”); provided that, at the election of the Corporation in its sole discretion, the Corporation may effect a direct exchange of such cash or shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B-1 Common Stock for such Units (a “ Direct Exchange ”);
WHEREAS, Amneal LLC will have in effect an election under Section 754 of the Code as provided under Section  2.1(b) for the Taxable Year in which any Exchange occurs, which election will result in an adjustment to the Corporation’s share of the tax basis of the assets owned by Amneal LLC and its relevant subsidiaries (including any subsidiary that is (i) classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and has made an election under Section 754 of the Code or (ii) disregarded as separate from its owner for U.S. federal income tax purposes) (Amneal LLC and its relevant subsidiaries, the “ Amneal LLC Group ”), as of the date of the Exchange, with a consequent result on the taxable income subsequently derived therefrom; and
WHEREAS, the parties to this Agreement desire to provide for certain payments and make certain arrangements with respect to any tax benefits to be derived by the Corporation as the result of Exchanges and making payments under this Agreement, and to ease administrative burdens, an assumed tax rate shall be used to approximate the Corporation’s state and local liabilities for Covered Taxes without regard to such tax benefits for each Taxable Year.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the respective covenants and agreements set forth herein, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the parties hereto agree as follows:
 ARTICLE I.
DEFINITIONS
 Section 1.1 Definitions . As used in this Agreement, the terms set forth in this Article I shall have the following meanings.
“ Actual Interest Amount ” is defined in Section  3.1(b)(vii) of this Agreement.
 
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“ Actual Federal Tax Liability ” means, with respect to any Taxable Year, the liability for U.S. federal Covered Taxes of the Corporation (i) appearing on U.S. federal Tax Returns of the Corporation for such Taxable Year and (ii) if applicable, determined in accordance with a Determination (including interest imposed in respect thereof under applicable law).
“ Actual Other Tax Liability ” means, with respect to any Taxable Year, the product of (i) the sum of (x) U.S. federal taxable income of the Corporation determined in connection with calculating the Actual Federal Tax Liability for such Taxable Year and (y) actual state and local tax liabilities of the Corporation for such Taxable Year, and (ii) the Assumed Other Tax Rate.
“ Actual Tax Liability ” means, with respect to any Taxable Year, the Actual Federal Tax Liability for such Taxable Year, plus the Actual Other Tax Liability for such Taxable Year.
“ Advisory Firm ” means a nationally recognized accounting firm mutually agreed to by the Corporation and the Member Representative or, if the Corporation and the Member Representative are unable to agree on such a firm, Deloitte LLP.
“ Advisory Firm Letter ” means a letter prepared by the Advisory Firm used by the Corporation in connection with the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, which states that the relevant Schedules, notices or other information to be provided by the Corporation to the Members, along with all supporting schedules and work papers, were prepared in a manner that is consistent with the terms of this Agreement and, to the extent not expressly provided in this Agreement, on a reasonable basis in light of the facts and law in existence on the date such Schedules, notices or other information were delivered by the Corporation to the Members.
“ Affiliate ” has the meaning set forth in the Business Combination Agreement.
“ Agreed Rate ” means the Reference Rate plus 150 basis points.
“ Agreement ” is defined in the preamble.
“ Amended Schedule ” is defined in Section  2.4(b) of this Agreement.
“ Assumed Other Tax Rate ” means (i) the sum of the products of (a) the Corporation’s income and franchise tax apportionment rate(s) for each state and local jurisdiction in which Amneal LLC or the Corporation files an income or franchise tax return for the relevant Taxable Year and (b) the highest corporate income and franchise tax rate(s) paid by the Corporation for each state and local jurisdiction in which Amneal LLC or the Corporation files an income or franchise tax return for each relevant Taxable Year, provided that if state and local income and franchise taxes are deductible in the relevant Taxable Year for U.S. federal income tax purposes, such sum shall be reduced by (ii) the product of (x) the Corporation’s marginal U.S. federal income tax rate for the relevant Taxable Year and (y) the rate calculated under clause (i).
“ Amneal LLC ” is defined in the preamble.
“ Amneal LLC Group ” is defined in the recitals to this Agreement.
“ Assumed Tax Liability ” has the meaning set forth in the LLC Agreement.
“ Attributable ” is defined in Section  3.1(b)(i) of this Agreement.
“ Audit Committee ” means the audit committee of the Board.
“ Bankruptcy Code ” means Title 11, U.S. Code or any similar federal law for the relief of debtors.
 
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“ Basis Adjustment ” means the increase or decrease to, or the Corporation’s share of, the tax basis of the Reference Assets (i) under Section 734(b) (but only to the extent that an Exchange is treated as an event that gives rise to such adjustment), 743(b), 754 and 755 of the Code and, in each case, the comparable sections of U.S. state and local tax law (in situations where, following an Exchange, Amneal LLC remains in existence as an entity for tax purposes); (ii) under Sections 732 and 1012 of the Code and, in each case, the comparable sections of U.S. state and local tax law (in situations where, as a result of one or more Exchanges, Amneal LLC becomes an entity that is disregarded as separate from its owner for tax purposes), in each case, as a result of any Exchange and any payments made under this Agreement; and (iii) under Section 1012 of the Code as a result of any portion of the assets contributed pursuant to the Holdings Contribution Agreement being treated as having been sold to the Company for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the amount of any Basis Adjustment resulting from an Exchange of one or more Units shall be determined without regard to any Pre-Exchange Transfer of such Units and as if any such Pre-Exchange Transfer had not occurred.
“ Basis Schedule ” is defined in Section  2.2 of this Agreement.
“ Beneficial Owner ” means, with respect to any security, a Person who directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, has or shares: (i) voting power, which includes the power to vote, or to direct the voting of, with respect to such security and/or (ii) investment power, which includes the power to dispose of, or to direct the disposition of, such security.
“ Board ” means the Board of Directors of the Corporation.
“ Business Combination Agreement ” means the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of [●], by and among the Corporation, Impax Laboratories, Inc., K2 Merger Sub, Inc. and Amneal LLC.
“ Business Day ” has the meaning set forth in the Business Combination Agreement.
“ Change of Control ” means the occurrence of any of the following events:
(1) any “person” or “group” (within the meaning of Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act (excluding any “person” or “group” who, on the Closing Date, is the Beneficial Owner of securities of the Corporation representing more than fifty percent (50%) of the combined voting power of the Corporation’s then outstanding voting securities)) becomes the Beneficial Owner of securities of the Corporation representing more than fifty percent (50%) of the combined voting power of the Corporation’s then outstanding voting securities;
(2) the shareholders of the Corporation approve a plan of complete liquidation or dissolution of the Corporation or there is consummated an agreement or series of related agreements for the sale or other disposition, directly, or indirectly, by the Corporation of all or substantially all of the Corporation’s assets (including through a sale of assets of members of the Amneal LLC Group), other than such sale or other disposition by the Corporation of all or substantially all of the Corporation’s assets to an entity at least fifty percent (50%) of the combined voting power of the voting securities of which are owned by shareholders of the Corporation in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the Corporation immediately prior to such sale;
(3) there is consummated a Combination, and, immediately after the consummation of such Combination, either (x) the Board immediately prior to the Combination does not constitute at least a majority of the board of directors of the company surviving the Combination or, if the surviving company is a subsidiary, the ultimate parent thereof, or (y) all of the Persons who were the respective Beneficial Owners of the voting securities of the Corporation immediately prior to such Combination do not beneficially own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the combined voting power of the then outstanding voting securities of the Person resulting from such Combination; or
 
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(4) the following individuals cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the number of directors of the Corporation then serving: individuals who were directors of the Corporation on the Closing Date and any new director (other than a director whose initial assumption of office is in connection with an actual or threatened election contest, including but not limited to a consent solicitation, relating to the election of directors of the Corporation) whose appointment or election by the Board or nomination for election by the Corporation’s shareholders was approved or recommended by a vote of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the directors then still in office who either were directors of the Corporation on the Closing Date or whose appointment, election or nomination for election was previously so approved or recommended by the directors referred to in this clause 4; or
Notwithstanding the foregoing, a “Change of Control” shall not be deemed to have occurred by virtue of the consummation of any transaction or series of integrated transactions immediately following which the record holders of the Class A Common Stock, Class B Common Stock and Class B-1 Common Stock of the Corporation immediately prior to such transaction or series of transactions continue to have substantially the same proportionate ownership in and voting control over, and own substantially all of the shares of, an entity which owns all or substantially all of the assets of the Corporation immediately following such transaction or series of transactions.
“ Class  A Common Stock ” is defined in the recitals to this Agreement.
“ Class  B Common Stock ” means Class B common stock issued by the Corporation, par value $0.01 per share.
“ Class B-1 Common Stock ” means Class B-1 common stock issued by the Corporation, par value $0.01 per share.
“ Closing Date ” has the meaning set forth in the Business Combination Agreement.
“ Code ” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
“ Combination ” means a merger, consolidation, acquisition or other business combination of the Corporation or any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Corporation (including Amneal LLC) with any other corporation or other entity.
“ Corporation ” is defined in the preamble to this Agreement.
“ Corporation Letter ” means a letter prepared by the Corporation in connection with the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, which states that the relevant Schedules, notices or other information to be provided by the Corporation to the Members, along with all supporting schedules and work papers, were prepared in a manner that is consistent with the terms of this Agreement and, to the extent not expressly provided in this Agreement, on a reasonable basis in light of the facts and law in existence on the date such Schedules, notices or other information were delivered by the Corporation to the Members.
“ Covered Taxes ” means any and all U.S. federal, state and local taxes, assessments or similar charges that are based on or measured with respect to net income or profits, whether as an exclusive or an alternative basis (including for the avoidance of doubt, franchise taxes), and any interest imposed in respect thereof under applicable law.
“ Cumulative Net Realized Tax Benefit ” is defined in Section  3.1(b)(iii) of this Agreement.
“ Default Rate ” means the Reference Rate plus 525 basis points.
“ Default Rate Interest ” is defined in Section  3.1(b)(ix) of this Agreement.
“ Determination ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 1313(a) of the Code or similar provision of U.S. state or local tax law, as applicable, or any other event (including the execution of IRS Form 870-AD) that finally and conclusively establishes the amount of any liability for tax.
 
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“ Direct Exchange ” is defined in the recitals to this Agreement.
“ Dispute ” is defined in Section  7.8(a) of this Agreement.
“ Early Termination Effective Date ” means the date of an Early Termination Notice for purposes of determining the Early Termination Payment.
“ Early Termination Notice ” is defined in Section  4.2 of this Agreement.
“ Early Termination Payment ” is defined in Section  4.3(b) of this Agreement.
“ Early Termination Rate ” means the lesser of (i) the Reference Rate plus 100 basis points and (ii) 6.50% per annum, compounded annually.
“ Early Termination Reference Date ” is defined in Section  4.2 of this Agreement.
“ Early Termination Schedule ” is defined in Section  4.2 of this Agreement.
“ Exchange ” means any Direct Exchange or Redemption that in either case results in an adjustment under Section 734(b), 743(b) or 1012 of the Code with respect to the Amneal LLC Group.
“ Exchange Act ” means the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any successor provisions thereto.
“ Exchange Date ” means the date of any Exchange.
“ Expert ” is defined in Section  7.9 of this Agreement.
“ Extension Rate Interest ” is defined in Section  3.1(b)(viii) of this Agreement.
“ Final Payment Date ” means any date on which a payment is required to be made pursuant to this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, the Final Payment Date in respect of a Tax Benefit Payment is determined pursuant to Section  3.1(a) of this Agreement.
“ Holdings Contribution Agreement ” means that certain Contribution Agreement, dated as of October 5, 2017, by and among Amneal Pharmaceuticals Holding Company, LLC and the Company.
“ Hypothetical Federal Tax Liability ” means, with respect to any Taxable Year, the hypothetical liability of the Corporation that would arise in respect of U.S. federal Covered Taxes, using the same methods, elections, conventions and similar practices used on the actual relevant U.S. federal Tax Returns of the Corporation but (i) calculating depreciation, amortization, or other similar deductions, or otherwise calculating any items of income, gain, or loss, using the Non-Adjusted Tax Basis as reflected on the Basis Schedule, including amendments thereto for such Taxable Year; (ii) excluding any deduction attributable to Imputed Interest for such Taxable Year; (iii) treating any PTI Distribution as a distribution that is not described by Code Section 959; and (iv) deducting actual state and local tax liabilities for such Taxable Year and deducting or crediting, as applicable, allowable foreign tax liabilities for purposes of determining U.S. federal taxable income. For the avoidance of doubt, the Hypothetical Federal Tax Liability shall be determined without taking into account the carryover or carryback of any tax item (or portions thereof) that is attributable to any of the items described in clauses (i) or (ii) of the previous sentence.
“ Hypothetical Other Tax Liability ” means, with respect to any Taxable Year, the product of (i) the sum of (x) U.S. federal taxable income of the Corporation determined in connection with calculating the Hypothetical
 
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Federal Tax Liability for such Taxable Year and (y) the amount of state and local tax liabilities of the Corporation used for purposes of clause (iv) of the definition of Hypothetical Federal Tax Liability with respect to such Taxable Year and (ii) the Assumed Other Tax Rate.
“ Hypothetical Tax Liability ” means, with respect to any Taxable Year, the Hypothetical Federal Tax Liability for such Taxable Year, plus the Hypothetical Other Tax Liability for such Taxable Year.
“ ICE LIBOR ” means the ICE LIBOR rate for a period of three months, as published on the applicable Bloomberg screen page (or such other commercially available source providing quotations of ICE LIBOR as may be designated in good faith by the Corporation from time to time) at approximately 11:00 a.m., London time, two (2) Business Days prior to the commencement of such period, for dollar deposits (for delivery on the first day of such period) with a term equivalent to such period.
“ Imputed Interest ” is defined in Section  3.1(b)(vi) of this Agreement.
“ Independent Directors ” means the members of the Board who are “independent” under the standards set forth in Rule 10A-3 promulgated under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1933, as amended, and the corresponding rules of the applicable exchange on which the Class A Common Stock is traded or quoted.
“ IRS ” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Service.
“ Joinder ” means a joinder to this Agreement, in form and substance substantially similar to Exhibit A to this Agreement.
“ Joinder Requirement ” is defined in Section  7.6(a) of this Agreement.
“ LLC Agreement ” means that certain Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, dated as of the Closing Date, as such agreement may be further amended, restated, supplemented and/or otherwise modified from time to time.
“ Market Value ” means the “Common Unit Redemption Price,” as defined in the LLC Agreement.
“ Maximum Rate ” is defined in Section  7.14 of this Agreement.
“ Members ” is defined in the recitals to this Agreement.
“ Member Representative ” means Amneal Holdings, LLC.
“ Net Tax Benefit ” is defined in Section  3.1(b)(ii) of this Agreement.
“ Non-Adjusted Tax Basis ” means, with respect to any Reference Asset at any time, the tax basis that such asset would have had at such time if no Basis Adjustments had been made.
“ Non-TRA Portion ” is defined in Section  2.3(b) of this Agreement.
“ Objection Notice ” is defined in Section  2.4(a)(i) of this Agreement.
“ Parties ” means the parties named on the signature pages to this agreement and each additional party that satisfies the Joinder Requirement, in each case with their respective successors and assigns.
“ Person ” means “person,” as defined in the Business Combination Agreement.
 
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“ Pre-Exchange Transfer ” means any transfer of one or more Units (including upon the death of a Member or upon the issuance of Units resulting from the exercise of an option to acquire such Units) (i) that occurs prior to an Exchange of such Units and (ii) to which Section 743(b) of the Code applies.
“ PTI Distribution ” means any distribution of an amount described by Code Section 959 that is attributable to or the result of an Exchange.
“ Realized Tax Benefit ” is defined in Section  3.1(b)(iv) of this Agreement.
“ Realized Tax Detriment ” is defined in Section  3.1(b)(v) of this Agreement.
“ Reconciliation Dispute ” is defined in Section  7.9 of this Agreement.
“ Reconciliation Procedures ” is defined in Section  2.4(a) of this Agreement.
“ Redemption ” has the meaning in the recitals to this Agreement.
“ Reference Asset ” means any asset of Amneal LLC or any of its successors or assigns, and whether held directly by Amneal LLC or indirectly by Amneal LLC through a member of the Amneal LLC Group, at the time of an Exchange. A Reference Asset also includes any asset the tax basis of which is determined, in whole or in part, by reference to the tax basis of an asset that is described in the preceding sentence, including “substituted basis property” within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(42) of the Code.
“ Reference Rate ” means the Reference Rate Base plus the Reference Rate Spread.
“ Reference Rate Base ” means ICE LIBOR during any period for which such rate is published in accordance with the definition thereof. If ICE LIBOR ceases to be published in accordance with the definition thereof, the Corporation and the Member Representative shall work together in good faith to select a new Reference Rate with similar characteristics.
“ Reference Rate Spread ” means 0 basis points during any period for which ICE LIBOR is published in accordance with the definition thereof. If ICE LIBOR ceases to be published in accordance with the definition thereof, the Corporation and the Member Representative shall work together in good faith to select a new Reference Rate Spread, such that the Reference Rate is not materially changed (and in no event by more than 25 basis points) as a result of the selection of a new Reference Rate Base at the time of such selection.
“ Schedule ” means any of the following: (i) a Basis Schedule, (ii) a Tax Benefit Schedule, or (iii) the Early Termination Schedule, and, in each case, any amendments thereto.
“ Senior Obligations ” is defined in Section  5.1 of this Agreement.
“ Subsequent Acquisition ” means any acquisition, closing after the Closing Date, of the equity interests or assets of one or more business entities.
“ Subsequent Acquisition Target ” means any asset or entity acquired in a Subsequent Acquisition.
“ Subsequent Acquisition Tax Benefits ” means any and all tax benefits in respect of Covered Taxes of the Corporation arising as a result of a Subsequent Acquisition, including: (i) any deduction attributable to the carryforward of a net operating loss or any credits of a Subsequent Acquisition Target generated in a Taxable Year that ends prior to, or on the date of, the closing of the relevant Subsequent Acquisition, (ii) any deductions attributable to transaction expenses (including transaction-related compensation) of a Subsequent Acquisition Target, (iii) any deductions or offsets to income attributable to a step-up in tax basis resulting from a Subsequent
 
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Acquisition, (iv) any deduction for interest on liabilities incurred or carried to effect a Subsequent Acquisition, and (v) any net operating losses or net capital losses arising from the business of a Subsequent Acquisition Target, whether generated before or after a Subsequent Acquisition.
“ Tax Benefit Payment ” is defined in Section  3.1(b) of this Agreement.
“ Tax Benefit Schedule ” is defined in Section  2.3(a) of this Agreement.
“ Tax Return ” has the meaning set forth in the Business Combination Agreement.
“ Taxable Year ” means a taxable year of the Corporation as defined in Section 441(b) of the Code or comparable section of U.S. state or local tax law, as applicable (and, therefore, for the avoidance of doubt, may include a period of less than twelve (12) months for which a Tax Return is made), ending on or after the Closing Date.
“ Taxing Authority ” means any national, federal, state, county, municipal, or local government, or any subdivision, agency, commission or authority thereof, or any quasi-governmental body, or any other authority of any kind, exercising regulatory or other authority in relation to tax matters.
“ Termination Objection Notice ” is defined in Section  4.2 of this Agreement.
“ TRA-Portion ” is defined in Section  2.3(b) of this Agreement.
“ Treasury Regulations ” means the final, temporary, and (to the extent they can be relied upon) proposed regulations under the Code, as promulgated from time to time (including corresponding provisions and succeeding provisions) as in effect for the relevant taxable period.
“ U.S. ” means the United States of America.
“ Units ” means “Common Units,” as defined in the LLC Agreement.
“ Valuation Assumptions ” means, as of an Early Termination Effective Date, the assumptions that:
(1) in each Taxable Year ending on or after such Early Termination Effective Date, the Corporation will have taxable income sufficient to fully use the deductions arising from the Basis Adjustments and the Imputed Interest during such Taxable Year or future Taxable Years (including, for the avoidance of doubt, Basis Adjustments and Imputed Interest that would result from future Tax Benefit Payments that would be paid in accordance with the Valuation Assumptions) in which such deductions would become available;
(2) the U.S. federal income tax rates that will be in effect for each such Taxable Year will be those specified for each such Taxable Year by the Code and other law as in effect on the Early Termination Effective Date, except to the extent any change to such tax rates for such Taxable Year have already been enacted into law;
(3) all taxable income of the Corporation will be subject to the maximum applicable tax rates for each Covered Tax throughout the relevant period, provided , that the combined tax rate for U.S. state and local income taxes shall be the Assumed Other Tax Rate;
(4) any loss carryovers or carrybacks generated by any Basis Adjustment or Imputed Interest (including such Basis Adjustment and Imputed Interest generated as a result of payments under this Agreement) and available as of the date of the Early Termination Schedule will be used by the Corporation ratably in each Taxable Year from the date of the Early Termination Schedule through the scheduled expiration date of such loss carryovers or carrybacks; by way of example, if on the date of the Early Termination Schedule the Corporation had $100 of net operating losses with a carryforward period of ten (10) years, $10 of such net operating losses would be used in each of the ten (10) consecutive Taxable Years beginning in the Taxable Year of such Early Termination Schedule;
 
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(5) any non-amortizable assets will be disposed of on the Early Termination Effective Date;
(6) if, on the Early Termination Effective Date, any Member has Units that have not been Exchanged, then such Units shall be deemed to be Exchanged for the Market Value of the shares of Class A Common Stock that would be received by such Member if such Units had been Exchanged on the Early Termination Effective Date, and such Member shall be deemed to receive the amount of cash such Member would have been entitled to pursuant to Section  4.3(a) had such Units actually been Exchanged on the Early Termination Effective Date; and
(7) any payment obligations pursuant to this Agreement will be satisfied on the date that any Tax Return to which such payment obligation relates is required to be filed excluding any extensions.
 Section 1.2 Rules of Construction . Unless otherwise specified herein:
(a) The meanings of defined terms are equally applicable to both (i) the singular and plural forms and (ii) the active and passive forms of the defined terms.
(b) For purposes of interpretation of this Agreement:
(i) The words “herein,” “hereto,” “hereof” and “hereunder” and words of similar import when used in this Agreement shall refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision thereof.
(ii) References in this Agreement to a Schedule, Article, Section, clause or sub-clause refer to the appropriate Schedule to, or Article, Section, clause or subclause in, this Agreement.
(iii) References in this Agreement to dollars or “$” refer to the lawful currency of the United States of America.
(iv) The term “including” is by way of example and not limitation.
(v) The term “documents” includes any and all instruments, documents, agreements, certificates, notices, reports, financial statements and other writings, however evidenced, whether in physical or electronic form.
(c) In the computation of periods of time from a specified date to a later specified date, the word “from” means “from and including;” the words “to” and “until” each mean “to but excluding;” and the word “through” means “to and including.”
(d) Section headings herein are included for convenience of reference only and shall not affect the interpretation of this Agreement.
(e) Unless otherwise expressly provided herein, (a) references to organization documents (including the LLC Agreement), agreements (including this Agreement) and other contractual instruments shall be deemed to include all subsequent amendments, restatements, extensions, supplements and other modifications thereto, but only to the extent that such amendments, restatements, extensions, supplements and other modifications are permitted hereby; and (b) references to any law (including the Code and the Treasury Regulations) shall include all statutory and regulatory provisions consolidating, amending, replacing, supplementing or interpreting such law.
 ARTICLE II.
DETERMINATION OF REALIZED TAX BENEFIT
 Section 2.1 Basis Adjustments; Amneal LLC 754 Election .
(a) Basis Adjustments . The Parties acknowledge and agree that (A) each Redemption shall be treated as a direct purchase of Units by the Corporation from the applicable Member pursuant to Section 707(a)(2)(B) of the
 
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Code and (B) each Exchange will give rise to Basis Adjustments. For the avoidance of doubt, payments made under this Agreement shall not be treated as resulting in a Basis Adjustment to the extent such payments are treated as Imputed Interest or Default Rate Interest. Further, the Parties intend that Basis Adjustments be calculated in accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.743-1.
(b) Amneal LLC Section  754 Election . In its capacity as the sole managing member of Amneal LLC, the Corporation will ensure that, on and after the date hereof and continuing throughout the term of this Agreement, Amneal LLC and each of its direct and indirect subsidiaries (including any successors to Amneal LLC and its direct and indirect subsidiaries arising as a result of terminations occurring pursuant to Section 708(b)(1)(B) of the Code) that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes will have in effect an election under Section 754 of the Code (and under any similar provisions of applicable U.S. state or local law) for each Taxable Year; provided that with respect to any direct or indirect subsidiary of Amneal LLC that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes for which the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries do not have the authority under the governing documents of such subsidiary to cause or are otherwise prohibited from causing such subsidiary to have in effect an election under Section 754 of the Code (or under any similar provisions of applicable U.S. state or local law), the Corporation shall only be required to take commercially reasonable efforts to cause such subsidiary to have such an election in effect.
 Section 2.2 Basis Schedules . Within ninety (90) calendar days after the filing of the U.S. federal income Tax Return of the Corporation for each relevant Taxable Year, the Corporation shall, at its own expense, prepare, with assistance from the Advisory Firm, and deliver to the Members a schedule (the “ Basis Schedule ”) that shows, in reasonable detail as necessary in order to understand the calculations performed under this Agreement: (a) the Basis Adjustments with respect to the Reference Assets as a result of the relevant Exchanges effected in such Taxable Year, calculated (I) in the aggregate (including, for the avoidance of doubt, Exchanges by all Members) and (II) solely with respect to Exchanges by the applicable Member; (b) the period (or periods) over which the Reference Assets are amortizable and/or depreciable; and (c) the period (or periods) over which each Basis Adjustment is amortizable and/or depreciable. The Basis Schedule will become final and binding on the Parties pursuant to the procedures set forth in Section  2.4(a) and may be amended by the Parties pursuant to the procedures set forth in Section  2.4(b) .
 Section 2.3 Tax Benefit Schedules.
(a) Tax Benefit Schedule . Within ninety (90) calendar days after the filing of the U.S. federal income Tax Return of the Corporation for any Taxable Year in which there is a Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment, the Corporation shall, at its own expense, prepare, with assistance from the Advisory Firm, and deliver to the Members a schedule showing, in reasonable detail, the calculation of the Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment for such Taxable Year (a “ Tax Benefit Schedule ”). The Tax Benefit Schedule will become final and binding on the Parties pursuant to the procedures set forth in Section  2.4(a) , and may be amended by the Parties pursuant to the procedures set forth in Section  2.4(b) .
(b) Applicable Principles . Subject to the provisions of this Agreement, the Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment for each Taxable Year is intended to measure the decrease or increase in the Actual Tax Liability of the Corporation for such Taxable Year attributable to the Basis Adjustments and Imputed Interest, as determined using a “with and without” methodology described in Section  2.4(a) . Carryovers or carrybacks of any tax item attributable to any Basis Adjustment or Imputed Interest shall be considered to be subject to the rules of the Code and the Treasury Regulations or the appropriate provisions of U.S. state and local tax law, as applicable, governing the use, limitation and expiration of carryovers or carrybacks of the relevant type. If a carryover or carryback of any tax item includes a portion that is attributable to a Basis Adjustment or Imputed Interest (a “ TRA Portion ”) and another portion that is not (a “ Non-TRA Portion ”), such portions shall be considered to be used in accordance with the “with and without” methodology so that: (i) the amount of any Non-TRA Portion is deemed utilized first, followed by the amount of any TRA Portion (with the TRA Portion being applied on a proportionate basis consistent with the provisions of Section  3.3(a)) ; and (ii) in the case of a carryback of a Non-TRA Portion, such carryback shall not affect the original “with and without” calculation
 
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made in the prior Taxable Year. The Parties agree that, subject to the second to last sentence of Section  2.1(a) , all Tax Benefit Payments attributable to an Exchange will be treated as subsequent upward purchase price adjustments that give rise to further Basis Adjustments for the Corporation beginning in the Taxable Year of payment, and as a result, such additional Basis Adjustments will be incorporated into such Taxable Year continuing for future Taxable Years until any incremental Basis Adjustment benefits with respect to a Tax Benefit Payment equals an immaterial amount.
 Section 2.4 Procedures; Amendments .
(a) Procedures . Each time the Corporation delivers an applicable Schedule to the Members under this Agreement, including any Amended Schedule delivered pursuant to Section  2.4(b) , but excluding any Early Termination Schedule or amended Early Termination Schedule delivered pursuant to the procedures set forth in Section  4.2 , the Corporation shall also, at its own expense: (x) deliver supporting schedules and work papers, as determined in good faith by the Corporation or as reasonably requested by any Member, that provide a reasonable level of detail regarding the data and calculations that were relevant for purposes of preparing the Schedule; (y) deliver an Advisory Firm Letter supporting such Schedule (or, if the Advisory Firm cannot as a general matter of such Advisory Firm’s internal policies deliver Advisory Firm Letters, a Corporation Letter); and (z) allow the Members and their advisors to have reasonable access to the appropriate representatives, as determined in good faith by the Corporation or as reasonably requested by the Members, at the Corporation and the Advisory Firm in connection with a review of such Schedule. Without limiting the generality of the preceding sentence, the Corporation shall ensure that any Tax Benefit Schedule that is delivered to the Members, along with any supporting schedules and work papers, provides a reasonably detailed presentation of the calculation of the Actual Tax Liability of the Corporation for the relevant Taxable Year (the “with” calculation) and the Hypothetical Tax Liability of the Corporation for such Taxable Year (the “without” calculation), and identifies any material assumptions or operating procedures or principles that were used for purposes of such calculations. An applicable Schedule or amendment thereto shall become final and binding on the Parties thirty (30) calendar days from the date on which the Members first received the applicable Schedule or amendment thereto unless:
(i) a Member within thirty (30) calendar days after receiving the applicable Schedule or amendment thereto, provides the Corporation with written notice of a material objection to such Schedule that is made in good faith and that sets forth in reasonable detail such Member’s material objection (an “ Objection Notice ”); or
(ii) each Member provides a written waiver of its right to deliver an Objection Notice within the time period described in clause (i) above, in which case such Schedule or amendment thereto becomes binding on the date the waiver from all Members is received by the Corporation.
In the event that a Member timely delivers an Objection Notice pursuant to clause (i) above, and if the Parties, for any reason, are unable to successfully resolve the issues raised in the Objection Notice within thirty (30) calendar days after receipt by the Corporation of the Objection Notice, the Corporation and the Member shall employ the reconciliation procedures as described in Section  7.9 of this Agreement (the “ Reconciliation Procedures ”). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, to the extent that supporting schedules or work papers are requested pursuant to this Section 2.4(a) by a Member that (x) was not a member of Amneal LLC as of the date hereof, (y) does not hold directly or indirectly, together with Persons under common control with such Member, on an aggregate basis, at least five percent (5%) of the outstanding Units on the date of such Member’s request and (z) would not be entitled to receive directly or indirectly, together with Persons under common control with such Member, on an aggregate basis, at least five percent (5%) of the aggregate amount of all Early Termination Payments payable to all Members hereunder if the Corporation exercised its right of early termination on the date of such Member’s request, the cost of preparing such supporting schedules or work papers shall be borne solely by such requesting Member by set-off against the next Tax Benefit Payment to be made to such requesting Member pursuant to Section 3.1(a).
 
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(b) Amended Schedule . The applicable Schedule for any Taxable Year may be amended from time to time by the Corporation, at its own expense: (i) in connection with a Determination affecting such Schedule; (ii) to correct inaccuracies in the Schedule identified as a result of the receipt of additional factual information relating to a Taxable Year after the date the Schedule was originally provided to the Members; (iii) to comply with an Expert’s determination under the Reconciliation Procedures applicable to this Agreement; (iv) to reflect a change in the Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment for such Taxable Year attributable to a carryback or carryforward of a loss or other Tax item to such Taxable Year; (v) to reflect a change in the Realized Tax Benefit or Realized Tax Detriment for such Taxable Year attributable to an amended Tax Return filed for such Taxable Year; or (vi) to adjust a Basis Schedule to take into account any Tax Benefit Payments made pursuant to this Agreement (any such Schedule, an “ Amended Schedule ”).
 ARTICLE III.
TAX BENEFIT PAYMENTS
 Section 3.1 Timing and Amount of Tax Benefit Payments .
(a) Timing of Payments . Subject to Sections 3.2 and 3.3 , within three (3) Business Days following the date on which each Tax Benefit Schedule that is required to be delivered by the Corporation to the Members pursuant to Section  2.3(a) of this Agreement becomes final in accordance with Section  2.4(a) of this Agreement (such date, the “ Final Payment Date ” in respect of any Tax Benefit Payment), the Corporation shall pay to each relevant Member the Tax Benefit Payment as determined pursuant to Section  3.1(b) . Each such Tax Benefit Payment shall be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the bank account previously designated by such Members or as otherwise agreed by the Corporation and such Members. For the avoidance of doubt, the Members shall not be required under any circumstances to return any portion of any Tax Benefit Payment previously paid by the Corporation to the Members (including any portion of any Early Termination Payment). Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, at the election of a Member, the aggregate Tax Benefit Payments in respect of an Exchange (other than amounts accounted for as interest under the Code) shall not exceed an amount specified by the exchanging Member in the notice described in the following sentence. The election described in the prior sentence shall be made by an exchanging Member by providing written notice to the Corporation, as described in Section  7.1 , no later than the last day of such Member’s taxable year that includes such Exchange.
(b) Amount of Payments . For purposes of this Agreement, a “ Tax Benefit Payment ” with respect to any Member means an amount, not less than zero, equal to the sum of: (i) the Net Tax Benefit that is Attributable to such Member and (ii) the Actual Interest Amount.
(i) Attributable . A Net Tax Benefit is “ Attributable ” to a Member to the extent that it is derived from any Basis Adjustment or Imputed Interest that is attributable to an Exchange undertaken by or with respect to such Member.
(ii) Net Tax Benefit . The “ Net Tax Benefit ” Attributable to a Member for a Taxable Year equals the amount of the excess, if any, of (x) 85% of the Cumulative Net Realized Tax Benefit Attributable to such Member as of the end of such Taxable Year over (y) the aggregate amount of all Tax Benefit Payments previously made to such Member under this Section  3.1 . For the avoidance of doubt, if the Cumulative Net Realized Tax Benefit that is Attributable to a Member as of the end of any Taxable Year is less than the aggregate amount of all Tax Benefit Payments previously made to such Member, such Member shall not be required to return any portion of any Tax Benefit Payment previously made by the Corporation to such Member.
(iii) Cumulative Net Realized Tax Benefit . The “ Cumulative Net Realized Tax Benefit ” for a Taxable Year equals the cumulative amount of Realized Tax Benefits for all Taxable Years of the Corporation, up to and including such Taxable Year, net of the cumulative amount of Realized Tax Detriments for the same period. The Realized Tax Benefit and Realized Tax Detriment for each Taxable Year shall be determined
 
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based on the most recent Tax Benefit Schedule or Amended Schedule, if any, in existence at the time of such determination.
(iv) Realized Tax Benefit . The “ Realized Tax Benefit ” for a Taxable Year equals the excess, if any, of the Hypothetical Tax Liability over the Actual Tax Liability for such Taxable Year. If all or a portion of the Actual Tax Liability for such Taxable Year arises as a result of an audit or similar proceeding by a Taxing Authority of any Taxable Year, such liability shall not be included in determining the Realized Tax Benefit unless and until there has been a Determination.
(v) Realized Tax Detriment . The “ Realized Tax Detriment ” for a Taxable Year equals the excess, if any, of the Actual Tax Liability over the Hypothetical Tax Liability for such Taxable Year. If all or a portion of the Actual Tax Liability for such Taxable Year arises as a result of an audit or similar proceeding by a Taxing Authority of any Taxable Year, such liability shall not be included in determining the Realized Tax Detriment unless and until there has been a Determination.
(vi) Imputed Interest . The principles of Sections 1272, 1274, or 483 of the Code, as applicable, and the principles of any similar provision of U.S. state and local law, will apply to cause a portion of any Tax Benefit Payment payable by the Corporation to a Member under this Agreement to be treated as imputed interest (“ Imputed Interest ”). For the avoidance of doubt, the deduction for the amount of Imputed Interest as determined with respect to any Tax Benefit Payment payable by the Corporation to a Member shall be excluded in determining the Hypothetical Tax Liability of the Corporation for purposes of calculating Realized Tax Benefits and Realized Tax Detriments pursuant to this Agreement.
(vii) Actual Interest Amount . The “ Actual Interest Amount ” calculated in respect of the Net Tax Benefit for a Taxable Year will equal the amount of any Extension Rate Interest.
(viii) Extension Rate Interest . The amount of “ Extension Rate Interest ” calculated in respect of the Net Tax Benefit (including previously accrued Imputed Interest) for a Taxable Year will equal interest calculated at the Agreed Rate from the due date (without extensions) for filing the U.S. federal income Tax Return of the Corporation for such Taxable Year until the date on which the Corporation makes a timely Tax Benefit Payment to the Member on or before the Final Payment Date as determined pursuant to Section  3.1(a) .
(ix) Default Rate Interest . In the event that the Corporation does not make timely payment of all or any portion of a Tax Benefit Payment to a Member on or before the Final Payment Date as determined pursuant to Section  3.1(a) , the amount of “ Default Rate Interest ” calculated in respect of the Net Tax Benefit (including previously accrued Imputed Interest and Extension Rate Interest) for a Taxable Year will equal interest calculated at the Default Rate from the Final Payment Date for a Tax Benefit Payment as determined pursuant to Section  3.1(a) until the date on which the Corporation makes such Tax Benefit Payment to such Member. For the avoidance of doubt, any deduction for any Default Rate Interest as determined with respect to any Net Tax Benefit payable by the Corporation to a Member shall be included in the Hypothetical Tax Liability of the Corporation for purposes of calculating Realized Tax Benefits and Realized Tax Detriments pursuant to this Agreement.
(x) Except as provided in an election, if any, made pursuant to Section  3.1(a) , the Corporation and the Members hereby acknowledge and agree that, as of the date of this Agreement and as of the date of any future Exchange that may be subject to this Agreement, the aggregate value of the Tax Benefit Payments cannot be reasonably ascertained for U.S. federal income or other applicable tax purposes.
(c) Interest . The provisions of Section  3.1(b) are intended to operate so that interest will effectively accrue in respect of the Net Tax Benefit for any Taxable Year as follows:
(i) first, at the applicable rate used to determine the amount of Imputed Interest under the Code (from the relevant Exchange Date until the due date (without extensions) for filing the U.S. federal income Tax Return of the Corporation for such Taxable Year);
 
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(ii) second, at the Agreed Rate in respect of any Extension Rate Interest (from the due date (without extensions) for filing the U.S. federal income Tax Return of the Corporation for such Taxable Year until the Final Payment Date for a Tax Benefit Payment as determined pursuant to Section  3.1(a) ); and
(iii) third, at the Default Rate in respect of any Default Rate Interest (from the Final Payment Date for a Tax Benefit Payment as determined pursuant to Section  3.1(a) until the date on which the Corporation makes the relevant Tax Benefit Payment to a Member).
 Section 3.2 No Duplicative Payments . It is intended that the provisions of this Agreement will not result in the duplicative payment of any amount (including interest) that may be required under this Agreement, and the provisions of this Agreement shall be consistently interpreted and applied in accordance with that intent. For purposes of this Agreement, and also for the avoidance of doubt, no Tax Benefit Payment shall be calculated or made in respect of any estimated tax payments, including, without limitation, any estimated U.S. federal income tax payments.
 Section 3.3 Pro-Ration of Payments as Between the Members .
(a) Insufficient Taxable Income . Notwithstanding anything in Section  3.1(b) to the contrary, if the aggregate potential Covered Tax benefit of the Corporation as calculated with respect to the Basis Adjustments and Imputed Interest (in each case, without regard to the Taxable Year of origination) is limited in a particular Taxable Year because the Corporation does not have sufficient actual taxable income, then the available Covered Tax benefit for the Corporation shall be allocated among the Members in proportion to the respective Tax Benefit Payments that would have been payable if the Corporation had in fact had sufficient taxable income so that there had been no such limitation. As an illustration of the intended operation of this Section  3.3(a) , if the Corporation had $200 of aggregate potential Covered Tax benefits with respect to the Basis Adjustments and Imputed Interest in a particular Taxable Year (with $50 of such Covered Tax benefits being attributable to Member 1 and $150 of such Covered Tax benefits being attributable to Member 2), such that Member 1 would have potentially been entitled to a Tax Benefit Payment of $42.50 and Member 2 would have been entitled to a Tax Benefit Payment of $127.50 if the Corporation had $200 of taxable income, and if at the same time the Corporation only had $100 of actual taxable income in such Taxable Year, then $25 of the aggregate $100 actual Covered Tax benefit for the Corporation for such Taxable Year would be allocated to Member 1 and $75 of the aggregate $100 actual Covered Tax benefit for the Corporation would be allocated to Member 2, such that Member 1 would receive a Tax Benefit Payment of $21.25 and Member 2 would receive a Tax Benefit Payment of $63.75.
(b) Late Payments . If for any reason the Corporation is not able to timely and fully satisfy its payment obligations under this Agreement in respect of a particular Taxable Year, then Default Rate Interest will begin to accrue pursuant to Section  5.2 and the Corporation and other Parties agree that (i) the Corporation shall pay the Tax Benefit Payments due in respect of such Taxable Year to each Member pro rata in accordance with the principles of Section  3.3(a) and (ii) no Tax Benefit Payment shall be made in respect of any Taxable Year until all Tax Benefit Payments to all Members in respect of all prior Taxable Years have been made in full.
 ARTICLE IV.
TERMINATION
 Section 4.1 Early Termination of Agreement; Breach of Agreement .
(a) Corporation’s Early Termination Right . With the written approval of a majority of the Independent Directors, the Corporation may completely terminate this Agreement, as and to the extent provided herein, with respect to all amounts payable to the Members pursuant to this Agreement by paying to the Members the Early Termination Payment; provided that Early Termination Payments may be made pursuant to this Section  4.1(a)
 
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only if made in full and simultaneously to all Members that are entitled to such a payment, and provided further , that the Corporation may withdraw any notice to execute its termination rights under this Section  4.1(a) prior to the time at which any Early Termination Payment has been paid. Upon the Corporation’s payment of the Early Termination Payment, the Corporation shall not have any further payment obligations under this Agreement, other than with respect to any: (i) prior Tax Benefit Payments that are due and payable under this Agreement but that still remain unpaid as of the date of the Early Termination Notice; and (ii) current Tax Benefit Payment due for the Taxable Year ending on or including the date of the Early Termination Notice (except to the extent that the amount described in clause (ii) is included in the calculation of the Early Termination Payment). If an Exchange subsequently occurs with respect to Units for which the Corporation has exercised its termination rights under this Section  4.1(a) , the Corporation shall have no obligations under this Agreement with respect to such Exchange.
(b) Acceleration Upon Change of Control . In the event of a Change of Control, all obligations hereunder shall be accelerated and such obligations shall be calculated pursuant to this Article IV as if an Early Termination Notice had been delivered on the closing date of the Change of Control and utilizing the Valuation Assumptions by substituting the phrase “the closing date of a Change of Control” in each place where the phrase “Early Termination Effective Date” appears. Such obligations shall include, but not be limited to, (1) the Early Termination Payment calculated as if an Early Termination Notice had been delivered on the closing date of the Change of Control, (2) any Tax Benefit Payments agreed to by the Corporation and the Members as due and payable but unpaid as of the Early Termination Notice and (3) any Tax Benefit Payments due for any Taxable Year ending prior to, with or including the closing date of a Change of Control (except to the extent that any amounts described in clauses (2) or (3) are included in the Early Termination Payment). For the avoidance of doubt, Sections 4.2 and 4.3 shall apply to a Change of Control, mutadis mutandi.
(c) Acceleration Upon Breach of Agreement . In the event that the Corporation materially breaches any of its material obligations under this Agreement, whether as a result of failure to make any payment when due, failure to honor any other material obligation required hereunder, or by operation of law as a result of the rejection of this Agreement in a case commenced under the Bankruptcy Code or otherwise, then all obligations hereunder shall be accelerated and become immediately due and payable upon notice of acceleration from any Member ( provided that in the case of any proceeding under the Bankruptcy Code or other insolvency statute, such acceleration shall be automatic without any such notice), and such obligations shall be calculated as if an Early Termination Notice had been delivered on the date of such notice of acceleration (or, in the case of any proceeding under the Bankruptcy Code or other insolvency statute, on the date of such breach) and shall include, but not be limited to: (i) the Early Termination Payment calculated as if an Early Termination Notice had been delivered on the date of such acceleration; (ii) any prior Tax Benefit Payments that are due and payable under this Agreement but that still remain unpaid as of the date of such acceleration; and (iii) any current Tax Benefit Payment due for the Taxable Year ending with or including the date of such acceleration. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that the Corporation breaches this Agreement and such breach is not a material breach of a material obligation, a Member shall still be entitled to enforce all of its rights otherwise available under this Agreement, including by seeking an acceleration of amounts payable under this Agreement. For purposes of this Section  4.1(c) , and subject to the following sentence, the Parties agree that the failure to make any payment due pursuant to this Agreement within thirty (30) days of the relevant Final Payment Date shall be deemed to be a material breach of a material obligation under this Agreement for all purposes of this Agreement, and that it will not be considered to be a material breach of a material obligation under this Agreement to make a payment due pursuant to this Agreement within thirty (30) days of the relevant Final Payment Date. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, it shall not be a material breach of a material obligation of this Agreement if the Corporation fails to make any Tax Benefit Payment within thirty (30) days of the relevant Final Payment Date to the extent that the Corporation has insufficient funds, or cannot take commercially reasonable actions to obtain sufficient funds, to make such payment; provided that the interest provisions of Section  5.2 shall apply to such late payment (unless the Corporation does not have sufficient funds to make such payment as a result of limitations imposed by any Senior Obligations, in which case Section  5.2 shall apply, but the Default Rate shall be replaced by the Agreed Rate).
 
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 Section 4.2 Early Termination Notice . If the Corporation chooses to exercise its right of early termination under Section  4.1 above, the Corporation shall deliver to the Members a notice of the Corporation’s decision to exercise such right (an “ Early Termination Notice ”) and a schedule (the “ Early Termination Schedule ”) showing in reasonable detail the calculation of the Early Termination Payment. The Corporation shall also (x) deliver supporting schedules and work papers, as determined in good faith by the Corporation or as reasonably requested by a Member, that provide a reasonable level of detail regarding the data and calculations that were relevant for purposes of preparing the Early Termination Schedule; (y) deliver an Advisory Firm Letter (or, if the Advisory Firm cannot as a general matter of such Advisory Firm’s internal policies deliver Advisory Firm Letters, a Corporation Letter) supporting such Early Termination Schedule; and (z) allow the Members and their advisors to have reasonable access to the appropriate representatives, as determined in good faith by the Corporation or as reasonably requested by any Member, at the Corporation and the Advisory Firm in connection with a review of such Early Termination Schedule. The Early Termination Schedule shall become final and binding on each Party thirty (30) calendar days from the first date on which the Members received such Early Termination Schedule unless:
(i) a Member within thirty (30) calendar days after receiving the Early Termination Schedule, provides the Corporation with notice of a material objection to such Early Termination Schedule made in good faith and setting forth in reasonable detail such Member’s material objection (a “ Termination Objection Notice ”); or
(ii) each Member provides a written waiver of such right of a Termination Objection Notice within the period described in clause (i) above, in which case such Early Termination Schedule becomes binding on the date the waiver from all Members is received by the Corporation.
In the event that a Member timely delivers a Termination Objection Notice pursuant to clause (i) above, and if the Parties, for any reason, are unable to successfully resolve the issues raised in the Termination Objection Notice within thirty (30) calendar days after receipt by the Corporation of the Termination Objection Notice, the Corporation and such Member shall employ the Reconciliation Procedures. The date on which the Early Termination Schedule becomes final in accordance with this Section  4.2 shall be the “ Early Termination Reference Date .”
 Section 4.3 Payment Upon Early Termination .
(a) Timing of Payment . Within three (3) Business Days after the Early Termination Reference Date, the Corporation shall pay to each Member an amount equal to the Early Termination Payment for such Member. Such Early Termination Payment shall be made by the Corporation by wire transfer of immediately available funds to a bank account or accounts designated by the Members or as otherwise agreed by the Corporation and the Members.
(b) Amount of Payment . The “ Early Termination Payment ” payable to a Member pursuant to Section  4.3(a) shall equal the present value, discounted at the Early Termination Rate as determined as of the Early Termination Reference Date, of all Tax Benefit Payments that would be required to be paid by the Corporation to such Member, whether payable with respect to Units that were Exchanged prior to or on the Early Termination Effective Date, or are deemed to be Exchanged on the Early Termination Effective Date pursuant to the Valuation Assumptions, beginning from the Early Termination Effective Date and using the Valuation Assumptions. For the avoidance of doubt, an Early Termination Payment shall be made to each Member, regardless of whether such Member has Exchanged all of its Units as of the Early Termination Effective Date.
 ARTICLE V.
SUBORDINATION AND LATE PAYMENTS
 Section 5.1 Subordination . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement to the contrary, any Tax Benefit Payment or Early Termination Payment required to be made by the Corporation to the Members under
 
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this Agreement shall rank subordinate and junior in right of payment to any principal, interest, or other amounts due and payable in respect of any obligations owed in respect of secured indebtedness for borrowed money of the Corporation and its subsidiaries (“ Senior Obligations ”) and shall rank pari passu in right of payment with all current or future unsecured obligations of the Corporation that are not Senior Obligations. To the extent that any payment under this Agreement is not permitted to be made at the time payment is due as a result of this Section  5.1 and the terms of the agreements governing Senior Obligations, such payment obligation nevertheless shall accrue for the benefit of the Members and the Corporation shall make such payments at the first opportunity that such payments are permitted to be made in accordance with the terms of the Senior Obligations. For the avoidance of doubt, the Corporation shall use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the terms of the agreements governing Senior Obligations to allow payments to be made under this Agreement.
 Section 5.2 Late Payments by the Corporation . The amount of all or any portion of any Tax Benefit Payment or Early Termination Payment not made to any Member when due under the terms of this Agreement, whether as a result of Section  5.1 and the terms of the Senior Obligations or otherwise, shall be payable together with Default Rate Interest, which shall accrue beginning on the Final Payment Date and be computed as provided in Section  3.1(b )( ix) .
 ARTICLE VI.
TAX MATTERS; CONSISTENCY; COOPERATION
 Section 6.1 Participation in the Corporation ’ s and Amneal LLC ’ s Tax Matters . Except as otherwise provided herein, and except as provided in Section 9.03 of the LLC Agreement, the Corporation shall have full responsibility for, and sole discretion over, all tax matters concerning the Corporation and Amneal LLC, including without limitation the preparation, filing or amending of any Tax Return and defending, contesting or settling any issue pertaining to taxes. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Corporation shall notify the Members of, and keep them reasonably informed with respect to, the portion of any tax audit of the Corporation or Amneal LLC, or any of Amneal LLC’s subsidiaries, the outcome of which is reasonably expected to materially affect the Tax Benefit Payments payable to any Member under this Agreement, and the Member Representative, shall have the right to participate in and to monitor at its own expense (but, for the avoidance of doubt, not to control) any such portion of any such Tax audit; provided that the Corporation shall not settle or fail to contest any issue pertaining to Covered Taxes that is reasonably expected to materially adversely affect any Member’s rights or obligations under this Agreement (including the amount or timing of any payment made hereunder) without the prior written consent of the Member Representative. In addition to the foregoing, the Corporation shall not take any action outside the ordinary course of business (other than exercising its early termination right under Section  4.1(a) ) a principal purpose of which is to minimize Tax Benefit Payments determined in accordance with this Agreement; provided , that for the avoidance of doubt, nothing in this sentence shall be construed to in any way limit or otherwise prohibit the Corporation from exercising its rights pursuant to this Agreement (including, for the avoidance of doubt, this Section  6.1 ).
 Section 6.2 Consistency . All calculations and determinations made hereunder, including, without limitation, any Basis Adjustments, the Schedules, and the determination of any Realized Tax Benefits or Realized Tax Detriments, shall be made in accordance with the elections, methodologies or positions taken by the Corporation and Amneal LLC on their respective Tax Returns. Each Member shall prepare its Tax Returns in a manner that is consistent with the terms of this Agreement, and any related calculations or determinations that are made hereunder, including, without limitation, the terms of Section  2.1 of this Agreement and the Schedules provided to the Members under this Agreement. In the event that an Advisory Firm is replaced with another Advisory Firm acceptable to the Audit Committee, such replacement Advisory Firm shall perform its services under this Agreement using procedures and methodologies consistent with the previous Advisory Firm, unless otherwise required by law or unless the Corporation and all of the Members agree to the use of other procedures and methodologies.
 
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 Section 6.3 Cooperation .
(a) Each Member shall (i) furnish to the Corporation in a timely manner such information, documents and other materials as the Corporation may reasonably request for purposes of making any determination or computation necessary or appropriate under this Agreement, preparing any Tax Return or contesting or defending any audit, examination or controversy with any Taxing Authority, (ii) make itself available to the Corporation and its representatives to provide explanations of documents and materials and such other information as the Corporation or its representatives may reasonably request in connection with any of the matters described in clause (i) above, and (iii) reasonably cooperate in connection with any such matter. For the avoidance of doubt, no provision of this Agreement shall be construed to require any Member to provide any other party any right to access or review any Tax Return, tax work papers, or other proprietary or confidential information of such Member.
(b) The Corporation shall reimburse the Members for any reasonable and documented out-of-pocket costs and expenses incurred pursuant to Section  6.3(a) .
 Section 6.4 Approvals .
(a) Neither the Corporation, Amneal LLC nor any direct or indirect subsidiary of Amneal LLC that is treated as a partnership or is disregarded as separate from its owner for U.S. federal income tax purposes shall sell, exchange or otherwise dispose of any asset held on or prior to the Closing Date by Amneal LLC or any entity that was a subsidiary of Amneal LLC prior to the Closing Date in any twelve (12) month period if, following such disposition, the cumulative “amount realized” (as that term is defined in Section 1001 of the Code) from all such dispositions during such twelve (12) month period would be in excess of $40,000,000, unless (i) the Membership Representative provides its prior written consent to such transaction (which consent may be granted or withheld in the Member Representative’s sole discretion) or (ii) the Corporation agrees to use its best efforts to ensure that, during the taxable periods in which any Member is allocated gain attributable to such transaction, each such Member receives distributions pursuant to Section 4.01(b) of the LLC Agreement equal to its Assumed Tax Liability.
(b) Neither the Corporation, Amneal LLC nor any of their respective Affiliates shall make a Subsequent Acquisition if the Subsequent Acquisition Tax Benefits from such Subsequent Acquisition and all prior Subsequent Acquisitions could, in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to materially adversely affect any Member’s rights or obligations under this Agreement (including the amount or timing of any payment made hereunder) without the prior written consent of the Member Representative, which consent may be granted or withheld in the Member Representative’s sole discretion.
(c) Neither the Corporation nor any of its subsidiaries shall enter into any additional agreement providing rights similar to this Agreement to any Person (including any agreement pursuant to which the Corporation is obligated to pay amounts with respect to tax benefits resulting from any net operating losses or other tax attributes to which the Corporation becomes entitled as a result of a transaction) without the prior written consent of the Member Representative (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), unless all payments to be made by the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries pursuant to such agreement are expressly subordinate in right of payment to all payments to be made hereunder.
 Section 6.5 Tax Attributes . All net operating losses and other tax attributes of the Corporation (or any predecessor thereof), or of any affiliated group that files a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return (and any consolidated, combined, unitary or similar state tax group) and of which the Corporation (or any predecessor thereof) was the parent on or prior to the Closing Date shall, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, be carried back to taxable periods ending on or prior to the Closing Date.
 
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 ARTICLE VII.
MISCELLANEOUS
 Section 7.1 Notices . All notices, requests, consents and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be given (and shall be deemed to have been duly given upon receipt) by delivery in person, by courier service, by fax, by electronic mail (delivery receipt requested) or by certified or registered mail (postage prepaid, return receipt requested) to the respective Parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a Party as shall be as specified in a notice given in accordance with this Section  7.1 ). All notices hereunder shall be delivered as set forth below, or pursuant to such other instructions as may be designated in writing by the Party to receive such notice:
If to the Corporation, to:
Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
400 Crossing Boulevard, 3rd Floor
Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
Attn: Sheldon Hirt
E-mail: shirt@amneal.com
with a copy (which shall not constitute notice to the Corporation) to:
Latham & Watkins LLP
650 Town Center Drive, 20th Floor
Costa Mesa, California 92626
Attn: Charles K. Ruck and R. Scott Shean
E-mail: charles.ruck@lw.com and scott.shean@lw.com
If to a Member, the address, facsimile number and e-mail address specified on such Member’s signature page to this Agreement
Any Party may change its address, fax number or e-mail address by giving each of the other Parties written notice thereof in the manner set forth above.
 Section 7.2 Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when one or more counterparts have been signed by each of the Parties and delivered to the other Parties, it being understood that all Parties need not sign the same counterpart. Delivery of an executed signature page to this Agreement by facsimile transmission shall be as effective as delivery of a manually signed counterpart of this Agreement.
 Section 7.3 Entire Agreement; No Third Party Beneficiaries . This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, both written and oral, among the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof. Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to or shall confer upon any other Person any right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement.
 Section 7.4 Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the law of the State of Delaware, without regard to the conflicts of laws principles thereof that would mandate the application of the laws of another jurisdiction.
 Section 7.5 Severability . If any term or other provision of this Agreement is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced by any law or public policy, all other terms and provisions of this Agreement shall nevertheless remain in full force and effect so long as the economic or legal substance of the transactions contemplated hereby is not affected in any manner materially adverse to any Party. Upon such determination that any term or other
 
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provision is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced, the Parties hereto shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the original intent of the Parties as closely as possible to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law in an acceptable manner in order that the transactions contemplated hereby are consummated as originally contemplated to the greatest extent possible.
 Section 7.6 Assignments; Amendments; Successors; No Waiver .
(a) Assignment . Each Member may, at any time, assign, sell, alienate, transfer pledge or hypothecate its interest in this Agreement in whole or in part, including the right to receive any payments to be made pursuant to this Agreement, to any Person, provided , however, that no Member may assign, sell, pledge, or otherwise alienate or transfer any interest in this Agreement, including the right to receive any Tax Benefit Payments under this Agreement, to any Person without such Person executing and delivering a Joinder agreeing to succeed to the applicable portion of such Member’s interest in this Agreement and to become a Party for all purposes of this Agreement (the “ Joinder Requirement ”). For the avoidance of doubt, if a Member transfers Units in accordance with the terms of the LLC Agreement but does not assign to the transferee of such Units its rights under this Agreement with respect to such transferred Units, such Member shall continue to be entitled to receive the Tax Benefit Payments arising in respect of a subsequent Exchange of such Units. The Corporation may not assign any of its rights or obligations under this Agreement to any Person without the prior written consent of the Member Representative (and any purported assignment without such consent shall be null and void).
(b) Amendments . No provision of this Agreement may be amended unless such amendment is approved in writing by the Corporation and the Member Representative; provided that amendment of the definition of Change of Control will also require the written approval of a majority of the Independent Directors.
(c) Successors . All of the terms and provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon, and shall inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by, the Parties hereto and their respective successors, assigns, heirs, executors, administrators and legal representatives. The Corporation shall require and cause any direct or indirect successor (whether by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise) to all or substantially all of the business or assets of the Corporation, by written agreement, expressly to assume and agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent that the Corporation would be required to perform if no such succession had taken place.
(d) Waiver . No provision of this Agreement may be waived unless such waiver is in writing and signed by the Party against whom the waiver is to be effective. No failure by any Party to insist upon the strict performance of any covenant, duty, agreement, or condition of this Agreement, or to exercise any right or remedy consequent upon a breach thereof, shall constitute a waiver of any such breach or any other covenant, duty, agreement, or condition.
 Section 7.7 Titles and Subtitles . The titles of the sections and subsections of this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and are not to be considered in construing this Agreement.
 Section 7.8 Resolution of Disputes .
(a) Except for Reconciliation Disputes subject to Section  7.9 , any and all disputes which cannot be settled after substantial good-faith negotiation, including any ancillary claims of any Party, arising out of, relating to or in connection with the validity, negotiation, execution, interpretation, performance or non-performance of this Agreement (including the validity, scope and enforceability of this arbitration provision) (each a “ Dispute ”) shall be finally resolved by arbitration in accordance with the International Institute for Conflict Prevention and Resolution Rules for Non-Administered Arbitration by a panel of three arbitrators, of which the Corporation shall designate one arbitrator and the Members party to such Dispute shall designate one arbitrator in accordance with the “screened” appointment procedure provided in Resolution Rule 5.4. The arbitration shall be governed by the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. §§ 1 et seq. , and judgment upon the award rendered by the arbitrators may be entered by any court having jurisdiction thereof. The place of the arbitration shall be New York City, New York.
 
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(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a), any Party may bring an action or special proceeding in any court of competent jurisdiction for the purpose of compelling another Party to arbitrate, seeking temporary or preliminary relief in aid of an arbitration hereunder, and/or enforcing an arbitration award and, for the purposes of this paragraph (b), each Party (i) expressly consents to the application of paragraph (c) of this Section  7.8 to any such action or proceeding, and (ii) agrees that proof shall not be required that monetary damages for breach of the provisions of this Agreement would be difficult to calculate and that remedies at law would be inadequate. For the avoidance of doubt, this Section  7.8 shall not apply to Reconciliation Disputes to be settled in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section  7.9 .
(c) Any dispute as to whether a dispute is a Reconciliation Dispute within the meaning of Section  7.9 , or a Dispute within the meaning of this Section  7.8 , shall be decided and resolved as a Dispute subject to the procedures set forth in this Section  7.8 .
 Section 7.9 Reconciliation . In the event that the Corporation and any Member are unable to resolve a disagreement with respect to a Schedule (other than an Early Termination Schedule) prepared in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section  2.4 , with respect to an Early Termination Schedule prepared in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section  4.2 , or with respect to withholding pursuant to Schedule 7.10 , within the relevant time period designated in this Agreement (a “ Reconciliation Dispute ”), the Reconciliation Dispute shall be submitted for determination to a nationally recognized expert (the “ Expert ”) in the particular area of disagreement mutually acceptable to both Parties. The Expert shall be a partner or principal in a nationally recognized accounting firm, and unless the Corporation and such Member agree otherwise, the Expert shall not, and the firm that employs the Expert shall not, have any material relationship with the Corporation or such Member or other actual or potential conflict of interest. If the Parties are unable to agree on an Expert within fifteen (15) calendar days of receipt by the respondent(s) of written notice of a Reconciliation Dispute, the selection of an Expert shall be treated as a Dispute subject to Section  7.8 and an arbitration panel shall pick an Expert from a nationally recognized accounting firm that does not have any material relationship with the Corporation or such Member or other actual or potential conflict of interest. The Expert shall resolve any matter relating to the Basis Schedule or an amendment thereto, or the Early Termination Schedule or an amendment thereto within thirty (30) calendar days and shall resolve any matter relating to a Tax Benefit Schedule or an amendment thereto within fifteen (15) calendar days or as soon thereafter as is reasonably practicable, in each case after the matter has been submitted to the Expert for resolution. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, if the matter is not resolved before any payment that is the subject of a disagreement would be due (in the absence of such disagreement) or any Tax Return reflecting the subject of a disagreement is due, the undisputed amount shall be paid on the date prescribed by this Agreement and such Tax Return may be filed as prepared by the Corporation, subject to adjustment or amendment upon resolution. The costs and expenses relating to the engagement of such Expert or amending any Tax Return shall be borne by the Corporation except as provided in the next sentence. The Corporation and the Member shall bear their own costs and expenses of such proceeding, unless (i) the Expert adopts the Member’s position, in which case the Corporation shall reimburse the Member for any reasonable and documented out-of-pocket costs and expenses in such proceeding, or (ii) the Expert adopts the Corporation’s position, in which case the Member shall reimburse the Corporation for any reasonable and documented out-of-pocket costs and expenses in such proceeding. The Expert shall finally determine any Reconciliation Dispute and the determinations of the Expert pursuant to this Section  7.9 shall be binding on the Corporation and the Member and may be entered and enforced in any court having competent jurisdiction.
 Section 7.10 Withholding . The Corporation shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from any payment that is payable to any Member pursuant to this Agreement such amounts as the Corporation is required to deduct and withhold with respect to the making of such payment under the Code. If the Corporation becomes aware of any such requirement to so deduct and withhold from any payment to a Member, the Corporation shall (i) provide such Member with written notice of the amount of and applicable law requiring such withholding at least ten (10) calendar days prior to making such deduction and withholding, (ii) provide the Member with all related tax documentation that such Member reasonably requests and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain exemptions from, or reductions of, any amounts to be withheld. In the event that the Corporation and such
 
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Member, for any reason, disagree as to the amount to be withheld and deducted and are unable to resolve such disagreement at least five (5) calendar days prior to the date on which the Corporation would so deduct and withhold, the Corporation and the Member shall employ the Reconciliation Procedures. To the extent that amounts are so withheld and paid over to the appropriate Taxing Authority by the Corporation, such withheld amounts shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as having been paid by the Corporation to the relevant Member. Each Member shall promptly provide the Corporation with any applicable tax forms and certifications reasonably requested by the Corporation in connection with determining whether any such deductions and withholdings are required under the Code.
 Section 7.11 Admission of the Corporation into a Consolidated Group; Transfers of Corporate Assets .
(a) If the Corporation is or becomes a member of an affiliated, consolidated or unitary group of corporations that files a consolidated income Tax Return pursuant to Section 1501 or other applicable Sections of the Code governing affiliated or consolidated groups, or any similar provisions of U.S. state or local tax law, then: (i) the provisions of this Agreement shall be applied with respect to the group as a whole; and (ii) Tax Benefit Payments, Early Termination Payments, and other applicable items hereunder shall be computed with reference to the consolidated taxable income of the group as a whole.
(b) If any entity that is obligated to make a Tax Benefit Payment or Early Termination Payment hereunder transfers one or more assets to a corporation (or a Person classified as a corporation for U.S. income tax purposes) with which such entity does not file a consolidated Tax Return pursuant to Section 1501 of the Code, such entity, for purposes of calculating the amount of any Tax Benefit Payment or Early Termination Payment due hereunder, shall be treated as having disposed of such asset in a fully taxable transaction on the date of such contribution. The consideration deemed to be received by such entity shall be equal to the fair market value of the contributed asset. For purposes of this Section  7.11 , a transfer of a partnership interest shall be treated as a transfer of the transferring partner’s share of each of the assets and liabilities of that partnership.
 Section 7.12 Confidentiality . Each Member and its assignees acknowledges and agrees that the information of the Corporation is confidential and, except in the course of performing any duties as necessary for the Corporation and its Affiliates, as required by law or legal process or to enforce the terms of this Agreement, such Person shall keep and retain in the strictest confidence and not disclose to any Person any confidential matters, acquired pursuant to this Agreement, of the Corporation and its Affiliates and successors, learned by any Member heretofore or hereafter, provided that, each Member acknowledges and agrees that such Member shall, except as otherwise provided by applicable law, keep and retain in the strictest confidence and not disclose to any Person that is not a Member any confidential matters contained in supporting schedules or work papers provided to such Member pursuant to Section 2.4(a) this Agreement. This Section  7.12 shall not apply to (i) any information that has been made publicly available by the Corporation or any of its Affiliates, becomes public knowledge (except as a result of an act of any Member in violation of this Agreement) or is generally known to the business community, (ii) the disclosure of information to the extent necessary for a Member to prosecute or defend claims arising under or relating to this Agreement, and (iii) the disclosure of information to the extent necessary for a Member to prepare and file its Tax Returns, to respond to any inquiries regarding the same from any Taxing Authority or to prosecute or defend any action, proceeding or audit by any Taxing Authority with respect to such Tax Returns. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, the Members and each of their assignees (and each employee, representative or other agent of the Members or their assignees, as applicable) may disclose at their discretion to any and all Persons, without limitation of any kind, the tax treatment and tax structure of the Corporation, the Members and any of their transactions, and all materials of any kind (including tax opinions or other tax analyses) that are provided to the Members relating to such tax treatment and tax structure. If a Member or an assignee commits a breach, or threatens to commit a breach, of any of the provisions of this Section  7.12 , the Corporation shall have the right and remedy to have the provisions of this Section  7.12 specifically enforced by injunctive relief or otherwise by any court of competent jurisdiction without the need to post any bond or other security, it being acknowledged and agreed that any such breach or threatened breach shall cause irreparable injury to the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries and that money damages alone shall not
 
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provide an adequate remedy to such Persons. Such rights and remedies shall be in addition to, and not in lieu of, any other rights and remedies available at law or in equity.
 Section 7.13 Change in Law . Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if, in connection with an actual or proposed change in law, a Member reasonably believes that the existence of this Agreement could cause income (other than income arising from receipt of a payment under this Agreement) recognized by such Member (or direct or indirect equity holders in such Member) in connection with any Exchange to be treated as ordinary income rather than capital gain (or otherwise taxed at ordinary income rates) for U.S. federal income tax purposes or would have other material adverse tax consequences to such Member (or any direct or indirect owner of such Member), then at the written election of such Member in its sole discretion (in an instrument signed by such Member and delivered to the Corporation) and to the extent specified therein by such Member, this Agreement shall cease to have further effect with respect to such Member and shall not apply to an Exchange with respect to the Units of such Member occurring after a date specified by such Member, or may be amended in a manner reasonably determined by such Member, provided that (i) such amendment shall not result in an increase in any payments owed by the Corporation under this Agreement at any time as compared to the amounts and times of payments that would have been due in the absence of such amendment and (ii) the Member Representative consents in writing to such amendment, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed.
 Section 7.14 Interest Rate Limitation . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the interest paid or agreed to be paid hereunder with respect to amounts due to any Member hereunder shall not exceed the maximum rate of non-usurious interest permitted by applicable Law (the “ Maximum Rate ”). If any Member shall receive interest in an amount that exceeds the Maximum Rate, the excess interest shall be applied to the Tax Benefit Payment or Early Termination Payment, as applicable (but in each case exclusive of any component thereof comprising interest) or, if it exceeds such unpaid non-interest amount, refunded to the Corporation. In determining whether the interest contracted for, charged, or received by any Member exceeds the Maximum Rate, such Member may, to the extent permitted by applicable Law, (a) characterize any payment that is not principal as an expense, fee, or premium rather than interest, (b) exclude voluntary prepayments and the effects thereof, and (c) amortize, prorate, allocate, and spread in equal or unequal parts the total amount of interest throughout the contemplated term of the payment obligations owed by the Corporation to such Member hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is the intention of the Parties to conform strictly to any applicable usury laws.
 Section 7.15 Independent Nature of Rights and Obligations . The rights and obligations of each Member hereunder are several and not joint with the rights and obligations of any other Person. A Member shall not be responsible in any way for the performance of the obligations of any other Person hereunder, nor shall a Member have the right to enforce the rights or obligations of any other Person hereunder (other than the Corporation). The obligations of a Member hereunder are solely for the benefit of, and shall be enforceable solely by, the Corporation. Nothing contained herein or in any other agreement or document delivered at any closing, and no action taken by any Member pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Members acting as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Members are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such rights or obligations or the transactions contemplated hereby, and the Corporation acknowledges that the Members are not acting in concert or as a group and will not assert any such claim with respect to such rights or obligations or the transactions contemplated hereby.
[ Signature Page Follows This Page ]
 
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed or caused to be executed on their behalf this Agreement as of the date first written above.

AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.	

By:	 	 	
Name:	 		
Title:	 		

AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS LLC	

By:	 	 	
Name:	 		
Title:	 		

[MEMBERS]	
 
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Exhibit A
FORM OF JOINDER AGREEMENT
This JOINDER AGREEMENT, dated as of                     , 20     (this “ Joinder ”), is delivered pursuant to that certain Tax Receivable Agreement, dated as of [●] (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “ Tax Receivable Agreement ”) by and among Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Corporation ”), Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ Amneal LLC ”), and each of the Members from time to time party thereto. Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein have the respective meanings set forth in the Tax Receivable Agreement.
 
 	1.	Joinder to the Tax Receivable Agreement . The undersigned hereby represents and warrants to the Corporation that, as of the date hereof, the undersigned has been assigned an interest in the Tax Receivable Agreement from a Member and [●]. 1	
 
 	2.	Joinder to the Tax Receivable Agreement . Upon the execution of this Joinder by the undersigned and delivery hereof to the Corporation, the undersigned hereby is and hereafter will be a Member under the Tax Receivable Agreement and a Party thereto, with all the rights, privileges and responsibilities of a Member thereunder. The undersigned hereby agrees that it shall comply with and be fully bound by the terms of the Tax Receivable Agreement as if it had been a signatory thereto as of the date thereof.	
 
 	3.	Incorporation by Reference . All terms and conditions of the Tax Receivable Agreement are hereby incorporated by reference in this Joinder as if set forth herein in full.	
 
 	4.	Address . All notices under the Tax Receivable Agreement to the undersigned shall be direct to:	
[Name]
[Address]
[City, State, Zip Code]
Attn:
Facsimile:
E-mail:
[ Signature Page Follows This Page ]

1  	Note to Draft : Language to be added as applicable.	
 
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has duly executed and delivered this Joinder as of the day and year first above written.

[NAME OF NEW PARTY]	
		
By:	 	 	
Name:	 		
Title:	 		

Exhibit A
 
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Exhibit 10.6
ATLAS HOLDINGS, INC.
2018 INCENTIVE AWARD PLAN
ARTICLE 1.
PURPOSE
The purpose of the Atlas Holdings, Inc. 2018 Incentive Award Plan (as it may be amended or restated from time to time, the “ Plan ”) is to promote the success and enhance the value of Atlas Holdings, Inc. (the “ Company ”) by linking the individual interests of the members of the Board, Employees, and Consultants to those of Company stockholders and by providing such individuals with an incentive for outstanding performance to generate superior returns to Company stockholders. The Plan is further intended to provide flexibility to the Company in its ability to motivate, attract, and retain the services of members of the Board, Employees, and Consultants upon whose judgment, interest, and special effort the successful conduct of the Company’s operation is largely dependent.
ARTICLE 2.
DEFINITIONS AND CONSTRUCTION
Wherever the following terms are used in the Plan they shall have the meanings specified below, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The singular pronoun shall include the plural where the context so indicates.
2.1    “ Administrator ” shall mean the entity that conducts the general administration of the Plan as provided in Article 11. With reference to the duties of the Committee under the Plan which have been delegated to one or more persons pursuant to Section 11.6, or as to which the Board has assumed, the term “Administrator” shall refer to such person(s) unless the Committee or the Board has revoked such delegation or the Board has terminated the assumption of such duties.
2.2    “ Applicable Accounting Standards ” shall mean Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States, International Financial Reporting Standards or such other accounting principles or standards as may apply to the Company’s financial statements under United States federal securities laws from time to time.
2.3    “ Applicable Law ” shall mean any applicable law, including without limitation: (a) provisions of the Code, the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and any rules or regulations thereunder; (b) corporate, securities, tax or other laws, statutes, rules, requirements or regulations, whether federal, state, local or foreign; and (c) rules of any securities exchange or automated quotation system on which the Shares are listed, quoted or traded.
2.4    “ Award ” shall mean an Option, a Stock Appreciation Right, a Restricted Stock award, a Restricted Stock Unit award, an Other Stock or Cash Based Award or a Dividend Equivalent award, which may be awarded or granted under the Plan.

2.5    “ Award Agreement ” shall mean any written notice, agreement, terms and conditions, contract or other instrument or document evidencing an Award, including through electronic medium, which shall contain such terms and conditions with respect to an Award as the Administrator shall determine consistent with the Plan.
2.6    “ Board ” shall mean the Board of Directors of the Company.
2.7    “ Change in Control ” shall mean and includes each of the following:
(a)    Any “person” as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act (other than the Company, any trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under any employee benefit plan of the Company, or any company owned, directly or indirectly, by the stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the equity securities of the Company), becoming the beneficial owner (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of equity securities of the Company representing more than 50% of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding equity securities.
(b)    During any period of 12 consecutive months, the individuals who, at the beginning of such period, constitute the Board, and any new director whose election by the Board or nomination for election by the Company’s equityholders was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the directors then still in office who either were directors at the beginning of the 12-month period or whose election or nomination for election was previously so approved, cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board;
(c)    A merger or consolidation of the Company with any other corporation or other entity, other than a merger or consolidation that would result in the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto (and held by persons that are not affiliates of the acquirer) continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting securities of the surviving entity) more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the Company or such surviving entity outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation; provided , however , that a merger or consolidation effected to implement a recapitalization of the Company (or similar transaction) in which no person (other than those covered by the exceptions in Section 2.7(a)) acquires more than 50% of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding securities shall not constitute a Change in Control; or
(d)    The consummation of a sale or other disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, including a liquidation, other than the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company to a person or persons who beneficially own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the combined voting power of the outstanding voting securities of the Company immediately prior to the time of the sale or other disposition.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a Change in Control constitutes a payment event with respect to any Award (or any portion of an Award) that provides for the deferral of compensation that is subject to Section 409A, to the extent required to avoid the imposition of additional taxes under Section 409A, the transaction or event described in subsection (a), (b), (c) or (d) with respect to such Award (or portion thereof) shall only constitute a Change in Control for purposes of the payment timing of such Award if such transaction also constitutes a “change in control event,” as defined in Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-3(i)(5).
The Administrator shall have full and final authority, which shall be exercised in its sole discretion, to determine conclusively whether a Change in Control has occurred pursuant to the above definition, the date of the occurrence of such Change in Control and any incidental matters relating thereto; provided that any exercise of authority in conjunction with a determination of whether a Change in Control is a “change in control event” as defined in Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-3(i)(5) shall be consistent with such regulation.
 
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2.8    “ Code ” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time, together with the regulations and official guidance promulgated thereunder, whether issued prior or subsequent to the grant of any Award.
2.9    “ Committee ” shall mean the Compensation Committee of the Board, or another committee or subcommittee of the Board or the Compensation Committee of the Board described in Article 11 hereof.
2.10    “ Common Stock ” shall mean the Class A common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share.
2.11    “ Company ” shall have the meaning set forth in Article 1.
2.12    “ Consultant ” shall mean any consultant or adviser engaged to provide services to the Company or any Subsidiary who qualifies as a consultant or advisor under the applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission for registration of shares on a Form S-8 Registration Statement.
2.13    “ Director ” shall mean a member of the Board, as constituted from time to time.
2.14    “ Director Limit ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.6.
 
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2.15    “ Dividend Equivalent ” shall mean a right to receive the equivalent value (in cash or Shares) of dividends paid on Shares, awarded under Section 9.2.
2.16    “ DRO ” shall mean a “domestic relations order” as defined by the Code or Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended from time to time, or the rules thereunder.
2.17    “ Effective Date ” shall mean the date the Plan is approved by the stockholders of Impax Laboratories, Inc.
2.18    “ Eligible Individual ” shall mean any person who is an Employee, a Consultant or a Non-Employee Director, as determined by the Administrator.
2.19    “ Employee ” shall mean any officer or other employee (as determined in accordance with Section 3401(c) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations thereunder) of the Company or of any Subsidiary.
2.20    “ Equity Restructuring ” shall mean a nonreciprocal transaction between the Company and its stockholders, such as a stock dividend, stock split, spin-off, rights offering or recapitalization through a large, nonrecurring cash dividend, that affects the number or kind of Shares (or other securities of the Company) or the share price of Common Stock (or other securities) and causes a change in the per-share value of the Common Stock underlying outstanding Awards.
2.21    “ Exchange Act ” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time.
2.22    “ Expiration Date ” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section 12.1(c).
2.23    “ Fair Market Value ” shall mean, as of any given date, the value of a Share determined as follows:
(a)    If the Common Stock is (i) listed on any established securities exchange (such as the New York Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ Capital Market, the NASDAQ Global Market and the NASDAQ Global Select Market), (ii) listed on any national market system or (iii) quoted or traded on any automated quotation system, its Fair Market Value shall be the closing sales price for a Share as quoted on such exchange or system for such date or, if there is no closing sales price for a Share on the date in question, the closing sales price for a Share on the last preceding date for which such quotation exists, as reported in The Wall Street Journal or such other source as the Administrator deems reliable;
(b)    If the Common Stock is not listed on an established securities exchange, national market system or automated quotation system, but the Common Stock is regularly quoted by a recognized securities dealer, its Fair Market Value shall be the mean of the high bid and low asked prices for such date or, if there are no high bid and low asked prices for a Share on such date, the high bid and low asked prices for a Share on the last preceding date for which such information exists, as reported in The Wall Street Journal or such other source as the Administrator deems reliable; or
 
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(c)    If the Common Stock is neither listed on an established securities exchange, national market system or automated quotation system nor regularly quoted by a recognized securities dealer, its Fair Market Value shall be established by the Administrator in good faith.
2.24    “ Greater Than 10% Stockholder” shall mean an individual then owning (within the meaning of Section 424(d) of the Code) more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or any subsidiary corporation (as defined in Section 424(f) of the Code) or parent corporation thereof (as defined in Section 424(e) of the Code).
2.25    “ Holder ” shall mean a person who has been granted an Award.
2.26    “ Incentive Stock Option ” shall mean an Option that is intended to qualify as an incentive stock option and conforms to the applicable provisions of Section 422 of the Code.
2.27    “ Non-Employee Director ” shall mean a Director of the Company who is not an Employee.
2.28    “ Non-Employee Director Equity Compensation Policy ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.6.
2.29    “ Non-Qualified Stock Option ” shall mean an Option that is not an Incentive Stock Option or which is designated as an Incentive Stock Option but does not meet the applicable requirements of Section 422 of the Code.
2.30    “ Option ” shall mean a right to purchase Shares at a specified exercise price, granted under Article 5. An Option shall be either a Non-Qualified Stock Option or an Incentive Stock Option; provided , however , that Options granted to Non-Employee Directors and Consultants shall only be Non-Qualified Stock Options.
2.31    “ Option Term ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.4.
2.32    “ Organizational Documents ” shall mean, collectively, (a) the Company’s articles of incorporation, certificate of incorporation, bylaws or other similar organizational
 
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documents relating to the creation and governance of the Company, and (b) the Committee’s charter or other similar organizational documentation relating to the creation and governance of the Committee.
2.33    “ Other Stock or Cash Based Award ” shall mean a phantom stock award, cash payment, cash bonus award, stock payment, stock bonus award, performance award or incentive award that is paid in cash, Shares or a combination of both, awarded under Section 9.1, which may include, without limitation, deferred stock, deferred stock units, retainers, committee fees, and meeting-based fees.
2.34    “ Permitted Transferee ” shall mean, with respect to a Holder, any “family member” of the Holder, as defined in the General Instructions to Form S-8 Registration Statement under the Securities Act (or any successor form thereto), or any other transferee specifically approved by the Administrator after taking into account Applicable Law.
2.35    “ Plan ” shall have the meaning set forth in Article 1.
2.36    “ Program ” shall mean any program adopted by the Administrator pursuant to the Plan containing the terms and conditions intended to govern a specified type of Award granted under the Plan and pursuant to which such type of Award may be granted under the Plan.
2.37    “ Public Trading Date ” shall mean the first date upon which Common Stock is listed (or approved for listing) upon notice of issuance on any securities exchange or designated (or approved for designation) upon notice of issuance as a national market security on an interdealer quotation system.
2.38    “ Restricted Stock ” shall mean Common Stock awarded under Article 7 that is subject to certain restrictions and may be subject to risk of forfeiture or repurchase.
2.39    “ Restricted Stock Units ” shall mean the right to receive Shares awarded under Article 8.
2.40    “ Section  409A ” shall mean Section 409A of the Code and the Department of Treasury regulations and other interpretive guidance issued thereunder, including, without limitation, any such regulations or other guidance that may be issued after the Effective Date.
2.41    “ Securities Act ” shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
2.42    “ Shares ” shall mean shares of Common Stock.
2.43    “ Stock Appreciation Right ” shall mean an Award entitling the Holder (or other person entitled to exercise pursuant to the Plan) to exercise all or a specified portion thereof (to the extent then exercisable pursuant to its terms) and to receive from the Company an amount determined by multiplying the difference obtained by subtracting the exercise price per share of such Award from the Fair Market Value on the date of exercise of such Award by the number of Shares with respect to which such Award shall have been exercised, subject to any limitations the Administrator may impose.
 
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2.44    “ SAR Term ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.4.
2.45    “ Subsidiary ” shall mean any entity (other than the Company), whether domestic or foreign, in an unbroken chain of entities beginning with the Company if each of the entities other than the last entity in the unbroken chain beneficially owns, at the time of the determination, securities or interests representing at least fifty percent (50%) of the total combined voting power of all classes of securities or interests in one of the other entities in such chain.
2.46    “ Substitute Award ” shall mean an Award granted under the Plan in connection with a corporate transaction, such as a merger, combination, consolidation or acquisition of property or stock, in any case, upon the assumption of, or in substitution for, outstanding equity awards previously granted by a company or other entity; provided , however , that in no event shall the term “Substitute Award” be construed to refer to an award made in connection with the cancellation and repricing of an Option or Stock Appreciation Right.
2.47    “ Termination of Service ” shall mean:
(a)    As to a Consultant, the time when the engagement of a Holder as a Consultant to the Company or a Subsidiary is terminated for any reason, with or without cause, including, without limitation, by resignation, discharge, death or retirement, but excluding terminations where the Consultant simultaneously commences or remains in employment or service with the Company or any Subsidiary.
(b)    As to a Non-Employee Director, the time when a Holder who is a Non-Employee Director ceases to be a Director for any reason, including, without limitation, a termination by resignation, failure to be elected, death or retirement, but excluding terminations where the Holder simultaneously commences or remains in employment or service with the Company or any Subsidiary.
(c)    As to an Employee, the time when the employee-employer relationship between a Holder and the Company or any Subsidiary is terminated for any reason, including, without limitation, a termination by resignation, discharge, death, disability or retirement; but excluding terminations where the Holder simultaneously commences or remains in employment or service with the Company or any Subsidiary.
The Administrator, in its sole discretion, shall determine the effect of all matters and questions relating to any Termination of Service, including, without limitation, whether a Termination of Service has occurred, whether a Termination of Service resulted from a discharge for cause and all questions of whether particular leaves of absence constitute a Termination of Service; provided , however , that, with respect to Incentive Stock Options, unless the Administrator otherwise provides in the terms of any Program, Award Agreement or otherwise, or as otherwise required by Applicable Law, a leave of absence, change in status from an employee to an independent contractor or other change in the employee-employer relationship shall constitute a Termination of Service only if, and to the extent that, such leave of absence, change in status or other change interrupts employment for the purposes of Section 422(a)(2) of the Code and the then-applicable regulations and revenue rulings under said Section. For
 
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purposes of the Plan, a Holder’s employee-employer relationship or consultancy relations shall be deemed to be terminated in the event that the Subsidiary employing or contracting with such Holder ceases to remain a Subsidiary following any merger, sale of stock or other corporate transaction or event (including, without limitation, a spin-off).
ARTICLE 3.
SHARES SUBJECT TO THE PLAN
3.1     Number of Shares .
(a)    Subject to Sections 3.1(b) and 12.2, the aggregate number of Shares which may be issued or transferred pursuant to Awards (including, without limitation, Incentive Stock Options) under the Plan is 23,000,000. Any Shares distributed pursuant to an Award may consist, in whole or in part, of authorized and unissued Common Stock, treasury Common Stock or Common Stock purchased on the open market.
(b)    If any Shares subject to an Award are forfeited or expire, are converted to shares of another person in connection with a spin-off or other similar event, or such Award is settled for cash (in whole or in part) (including Shares repurchased by the Company under Section 7.4 at the same price paid by the Holder), the Shares subject to such Award shall, to the extent of such forfeiture, expiration, conversion or cash settlement, again be available for future grants of Awards under the Plan. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the following Shares shall not be added to the Shares authorized for grant under Section 3.1(a) and shall not be available for future grants of Awards: (i) Shares tendered by a Holder or withheld by the Company in payment of the exercise price of an Option; (ii) Shares tendered by the Holder or withheld by the Company to satisfy any tax withholding obligation with respect to an Award; and (iii) Shares subject to a Stock Appreciation Right that are not issued in connection with the stock settlement of the Stock Appreciation Right on exercise thereof. The payment of Dividend Equivalents in cash in conjunction with any outstanding Awards shall not be counted against the Shares available for issuance under the Plan. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 3.1(b), no Shares may again be optioned, granted or awarded if such action would cause an Incentive Stock Option to fail to qualify as an incentive stock option under Section 422 of the Code.
(c)    Substitute Awards shall not reduce the Shares authorized for grant under the Plan, except as may be required by reason of Section 422 of the Code. Additionally, in the event that a company acquired by the Company or any Subsidiary or with which the Company or any Subsidiary combines has shares available under a pre-existing plan approved by its stockholders and not adopted in contemplation of such acquisition or combination, the shares available for grant pursuant to the terms of such pre-existing plan (as adjusted, to the extent appropriate, using the exchange ratio or other adjustment or valuation ratio or formula used in such acquisition or combination to determine the consideration payable to the holders of common stock of the entities party to such acquisition or combination) may be used for Awards under the Plan and shall not reduce the Shares authorized for grant under the Plan; provided that Awards using such available Shares shall not be made after the date awards or grants could have been made under the terms of the pre-existing plan, absent the acquisition or combination, and shall only be made to individuals who were not employed by or providing services to the Company or its Subsidiaries immediately prior to such acquisition or combination.
3.2     Award Vesting Limitations . Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan to the contrary, but subject to Section 12.2 of the Plan, Awards granted under the Plan shall vest no earlier than the first anniversary of the date the Award is granted; provided , however , that, notwithstanding the foregoing, Awards that result in the issuance of an aggregate of up to 5% of the shares of Common Stock available pursuant to Section 3.1(a) may be granted to any one or more Eligible Individuals without respect to such minimum vesting provisions. Nothing in this Section 3.2 shall preclude the Administrator from taking action, in its sole discretion, to accelerate the vesting of any Award in connection with or following a Holder’s death, disability, Termination of Service or the consummation of a Change in Control.
 
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ARTICLE 4.
GRANTING OF AWARDS
4.1     Participation . The Administrator may, from time to time, select from among all Eligible Individuals, those to whom an Award shall be granted and shall determine the nature and amount of each Award, which shall not be inconsistent with the requirements of the Plan. Except for any Non-Employee Director’s right to Awards that may be required pursuant to the Non-Employee Director Equity Compensation Policy as described in Section 4.6, no Eligible Individual or other person shall have any right to be granted an Award pursuant to the Plan and neither the Company nor the Administrator is obligated to treat Eligible Individuals, Holders or any other persons uniformly. Participation by each Holder in the Plan shall be voluntary and nothing in the Plan or any Program shall be construed as mandating that any Eligible Individual or other person shall participate in the Plan.
4.2     Award Agreement . Each Award shall be evidenced by an Award Agreement that sets forth the terms, conditions and limitations for such Award as determined by the Administrator in its sole discretion (consistent with the requirements of the Plan and any applicable Program). Award Agreements evidencing Incentive Stock Options shall contain such terms and conditions as may be necessary to meet the applicable provisions of Section 422 of the Code.
4.3     Limitations Applicable to Section  16 Persons . Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan, the Plan, and any Award granted or awarded to any individual who is then subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act, shall be subject to any additional limitations set forth in any applicable exemptive rule under Section 16 of the Exchange Act (including Rule 16b-3 of the Exchange Act and any amendments thereto) that are requirements for the application of such exemptive rule. To the extent permitted by Applicable Law, the Plan and Awards granted or awarded hereunder shall be deemed amended to the extent necessary to conform to such applicable exemptive rule.
4.4     At-Will Service . Nothing in the Plan or in any Program or Award Agreement hereunder shall confer upon any Holder any right to continue in the employ of, or as a Director or Consultant for, the Company or any Subsidiary, or shall interfere with or restrict in any way the rights of the Company and any Subsidiary, which rights are hereby expressly reserved, to discharge any Holder at any time for any reason whatsoever, with or without cause, and with or without notice, or to terminate or change all other terms and conditions of employment or engagement, except to the extent expressly provided otherwise in a written agreement between the Holder and the Company or any Subsidiary.
4.5     Foreign Holders . Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan or applicable Program to the contrary, in order to comply with the laws in countries other than the United States in which the Company and its Subsidiaries operate or have Employees, Non-Employee Directors or Consultants, or in order to comply with the requirements of any foreign securities
 
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exchange or other Applicable Law, the Administrator, in its sole discretion, shall have the power and authority to: (a) determine which Subsidiaries shall be covered by the Plan; (b) determine which Eligible Individuals outside the United States are eligible to participate in the Plan; (c) modify the terms and conditions of any Award granted to Eligible Individuals outside the United States to comply with Applicable Law (including, without limitation, applicable foreign laws or listing requirements of any foreign securities exchange); (d) establish subplans and modify exercise procedures and other terms and procedures, to the extent such actions may be necessary or advisable; provided , however , that no such subplans and/or modifications shall increase the share limitation contained in Section 3.1 or the Director Limit; and (e) take any action, before or after an Award is made, that it deems advisable to obtain approval or comply with any necessary local governmental regulatory exemptions or approvals or listing requirements of any foreign securities exchange.
4.6     Non-Employee Director Awards .
(a)     Non-Employee Director Equity Compensation Policy . The Administrator, in its sole discretion, may provide that Awards granted to Non-Employee Directors shall be granted pursuant to a written nondiscretionary formula established by the Administrator (the “ Non-Employee Director Equity Compensation Policy ”), subject to the limitations of the Plan. The Non-Employee Director Equity Compensation Policy shall set forth the type of Award(s) to be granted to Non-Employee Directors, the number of Shares to be subject to Non-Employee Director Awards, the conditions on which such Awards shall be granted, become exercisable and/or payable and expire, and such other terms and conditions as the Administrator shall determine in its sole discretion. The Non-Employee Director Equity Compensation Policy may be modified by the Administrator from time to time in its sole discretion.
(b)     Director Limit . Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in the Plan or in the Non-Employee Director Equity Compensation Policy, the sum of the grant date fair value of equity-based Awards and the amount of any cash-based Awards granted to a Non-Employee Director during any calendar year shall not exceed $700,000 (the “ Director Limit ”).
ARTICLE 5.
GRANTING OF OPTIONS AND STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS
5.1     Granting of Options and Stock Appreciation Rights to Eligible Individuals . The Administrator is authorized to grant Options and Stock Appreciation Rights to Eligible Individuals from time to time, in its sole discretion, on such terms and conditions as it may determine, which shall not be inconsistent with the Plan.
5.2     Qualification of Incentive Stock Options . The Administrator may grant Options intended to qualify as Incentive Stock Options only to employees of the Company, any of the Company’s present or future “parent corporations” or “subsidiary corporations” as defined in Sections 424(e) or (f) of the Code, respectively, and any other entities the employees of which are eligible to receive Incentive Stock Options under the Code. No person who qualifies as a Greater Than 10% Stockholder may be granted an Incentive Stock Option unless such Incentive Stock Option conforms to the applicable provisions of Section 422 of the Code. To the extent
 
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that the aggregate fair market value of stock with respect to which “incentive stock options” (within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code, but without regard to Section 422(d) of the Code) are exercisable for the first time by a Holder during any calendar year under the Plan, and all other plans of the Company and any parent corporation or subsidiary corporation thereof (as defined in Section 424(e) and 424(f) of the Code, respectively), exceeds $100,000, the Options shall be treated as Non-Qualified Stock Options to the extent required by Section 422 of the Code. The rule set forth in the immediately preceding sentence shall be applied by taking Options and other “incentive stock options” into account in the order in which they were granted and the fair market value of stock shall be determined as of the time the respective options were granted. Any interpretations and rules under the Plan with respect to Incentive Stock Options shall be consistent with the provisions of Section 422 of the Code. Neither the Company nor the Administrator shall have any liability to a Holder, or any other person, (a) if an Option (or any part thereof) which is intended to qualify as an Incentive Stock Option fails to qualify as an Incentive Stock Option or (b) for any action or omission by the Company or the Administrator that causes an Option not to qualify as an Incentive Stock Option, including without limitation, the conversion of an Incentive Stock Option to a Non-Qualified Stock Option or the grant of an Option intended as an Incentive Stock Option that fails to satisfy the requirements under the Code applicable to an Incentive Stock Option.
5.3     Option and Stock Appreciation Right Exercise Price . The exercise price per Share subject to each Option and Stock Appreciation Right shall be set by the Administrator, but shall not be less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date the Option or Stock Appreciation Right, as applicable, is granted (or, as to Incentive Stock Options, on the date the Option is modified, extended or renewed for purposes of Section 424(h) of the Code). In addition, in the case of Incentive Stock Options granted to a Greater Than 10% Stockholder, such price shall not be less than 110% of the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date the Option is granted (or the date the Option is modified, extended or renewed for purposes of Section 424(h) of the Code). Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of an Option or Stock Appreciation Right that is a Substitute Award, the exercise price per share of the Shares subject to such Option or Stock Appreciation Right, as applicable, may be less than the Fair Market Value per share on the date of grant; provided that the exercise price of any Substitute Award shall be determined in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 424 and 409A of the Code.
5.4     Option and SAR Term . The term of each Option (the “ Option Term ”) and the term of each Stock Appreciation Right (the “ SAR Term ”) shall be set by the Administrator in its sole discretion; provided , however , that the Option Term or SAR Term, as applicable, shall not be more than (a) ten (10) years from the date the Option or Stock Appreciation Right, as applicable, is granted to an Eligible Individual (other than, in the case of Incentive Stock Options, a Greater Than 10% Stockholder), or (b) five (5) years from the date an Incentive Stock Option is granted to a Greater Than 10% Stockholder. Except as limited by the requirements of Section 409A or Section 422 of the Code and regulations and rulings thereunder or the first sentence of this Section 5.4 and without limiting the Company’s rights under Section 10.7, the Administrator may extend the Option Term of any outstanding Option or the SAR Term of any outstanding Stock Appreciation Right, and may extend the time period during which vested Options or Stock Appreciation Rights may be exercised, in connection with any Termination of Service of the Holder or otherwise, and may amend, subject to Sections 10.7 and 12.1, any other term or condition of such Option or Stock Appreciation Right relating to such Termination of Service of the Holder or otherwise.
 
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5.5     Option and SAR Vesting . The period during which the right to exercise, in whole or in part, an Option or Stock Appreciation Right vests in the Holder shall be set by the Administrator and set forth in the applicable Award Agreement, subject to Section 3.2. Unless otherwise determined by the Administrator in the Award Agreement, the applicable Program or by action of the Administrator following the grant of the Option or Stock Appreciation Right, (a) no portion of an Option or Stock Appreciation Right which is unexercisable at a Holder’s Termination of Service shall thereafter become exercisable and (b) the portion of an Option or Stock Appreciation Right that is unexercisable at a Holder’s Termination of Service shall automatically expire thirty (30) days following such Termination of Service.
5.6     Substitution of Stock Appreciation Rights; Early Exercise of Options . The Administrator may provide in the applicable Program or Award Agreement evidencing the grant of an Option that the Administrator, in its sole discretion, shall have the right to substitute a Stock Appreciation Right for such Option at any time prior to or upon exercise of such Option; provided that such Stock Appreciation Right shall be exercisable with respect to the same number of Shares for which such substituted Option would have been exercisable, and shall also have the same exercise price, vesting schedule and remaining term as the substituted Option. The Administrator may provide in the terms of an Award Agreement that the Holder may exercise an Option in whole or in part prior to the full vesting of the Option in exchange for unvested shares of Restricted Stock with respect to any unvested portion of the Option so exercised. Shares of Restricted Stock acquired upon the exercise of any unvested portion of an Option shall be subject to such terms and conditions as the Administrator shall determine.
ARTICLE 6.
EXERCISE OF OPTIONS AND STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS
6.1     Exercise and Payment . An exercisable Option or Stock Appreciation Right may be exercised in whole or in part. However, an Option or Stock Appreciation Right shall not be exercisable with respect to fractional Shares and the Administrator may require that, by the terms of the Option or Stock Appreciation Right, a partial exercise must be with respect to a minimum number of Shares. Payment of the amounts payable with respect to Stock Appreciation Rights pursuant to this Article 6 shall be in cash, Shares (based on its Fair Market Value as of the date the Stock Appreciation Right is exercised), or a combination of both, as determined by the Administrator.
6.2     Manner of Exercise . All or a portion of an exercisable Option or Stock Appreciation Right shall be deemed exercised upon delivery of all of the following to the Secretary of the Company, the stock plan administrator of the Company or such other person designated by the Administrator, or his, her or its office, as applicable:
(a)    A written or electronic notice complying with the applicable rules established by the Administrator stating that the Option or Stock Appreciation Right, or a portion thereof, is exercised. The notice shall be signed or otherwise acknowledged electronically by the Holder or other person or entity then entitled to exercise the Option or Stock Appreciation Right or such portion thereof;
 
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(b)    Such representations and documents as the Administrator, in its sole discretion, deems necessary or advisable to effect compliance with Applicable Law;
(c)    In the event that the Option shall be exercised pursuant to Section 10.3 by any person or persons other than the Holder, appropriate proof of the right of such person or persons to exercise the Option or Stock Appreciation Right, as determined in the sole discretion of the Administrator; and
(d)    Full payment of the exercise price and applicable withholding taxes for the Shares with respect to which the Option or Stock Appreciation Right, or portion thereof, is exercised, in a manner permitted by the Administrator in accordance with Sections 10.1 and 10.2.
6.3     Notification Regarding Disposition . The Holder shall give the Company prompt written or electronic notice of any disposition of Shares acquired by exercise of an Incentive Stock Option which occurs within (a) two years from the date of granting (including the date the Option is modified, extended or renewed for purposes of Section 424(h) of the Code) such Option to such Holder, or (b) one year after the date of transfer of such Shares to such Holder. Such notice shall specify the date of such disposition or other transfer and the amount realized, in cash, other property, assumption of indebtedness or other consideration, by the Holder in such disposition or other transfer.
ARTICLE 7.
AWARD OF RESTRICTED STOCK
7.1     Award of Restricted Stock . The Administrator is authorized to grant Restricted Stock to Eligible Individuals, and shall determine the terms and conditions, including the restrictions applicable to each award of Restricted Stock, which terms and conditions shall not be inconsistent with the Plan or any applicable Program, and may impose such conditions on the issuance of such Restricted Stock as it deems appropriate. The Administrator shall establish the purchase price, if any, and form of payment for Restricted Stock; provided , however , that if a purchase price is charged, such purchase price shall be no less than the par value, if any, of the Shares to be purchased, unless otherwise permitted by Applicable Law. In all cases, legal consideration shall be required for each issuance of Restricted Stock to the extent required by Applicable Law.
7.2     Rights as Stockholders . Subject to Section 7.4, upon issuance of Restricted Stock, the Holder shall have, unless otherwise provided by the Administrator, all the rights of a stockholder with respect to said Shares, subject to the restrictions in the Plan, any applicable Program and/or the applicable Award Agreement, including the right to receive all dividends and other distributions paid or made with respect to the Shares to the extent such dividends and other distributions have a record date that is on or after the date on which the Holder to whom such Shares are granted becomes the record holder of such Restricted Stock; provided , however , that,
 
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in the sole discretion of the Administrator, any extraordinary distributions with respect to the Shares may be subject to the restrictions set forth in Section 7.3. In addition, unless otherwise determined by the Administrator, with respect to a share of Restricted Stock, dividends shall only be paid out to the Holder to the extent that the share of Restricted Stock vests.
7.3     Restrictions . All shares of Restricted Stock (including any shares received by Holders thereof with respect to shares of Restricted Stock as a result of stock dividends, stock splits or any other form of recapitalization) shall be subject to such restrictions and vesting requirements as the Administrator shall provide in the applicable Program or Award Agreement, subject to Section 3.2. By action taken after the Restricted Stock is issued, the Administrator may, on such terms and conditions as it may determine to be appropriate, accelerate the vesting of such Restricted Stock by removing any or all of the restrictions imposed by the terms of the applicable Program or Award Agreement.
7.4     Repurchase or Forfeiture of Restricted Stock . Except as otherwise determined by the Administrator, if no price was paid by the Holder for the Restricted Stock, upon a Termination of Service during the applicable restriction period, the Holder’s rights in unvested Restricted Stock then subject to restrictions shall lapse, and such Restricted Stock shall be surrendered to the Company and cancelled without consideration on the date of such Termination of Service. If a price was paid by the Holder for the Restricted Stock, upon a Termination of Service during the applicable restriction period, the Company shall have the right to repurchase from the Holder the unvested Restricted Stock then subject to restrictions at a cash price per share equal to the price paid by the Holder for such Restricted Stock or such other amount as may be specified in the applicable Program or Award Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as otherwise provided by Section 3.2, the Administrator, in its sole discretion, may provide that upon certain events, including, without limitation, a Change in Control, the Holder’s death, retirement or disability or any other specified Termination of Service or any other event, the Holder’s rights in unvested Restricted Stock then subject to restrictions shall not lapse, such Restricted Stock shall vest and cease to be forfeitable and, if applicable, the Company shall cease to have a right of repurchase.
7.5     Section 83(b) Election . If a Holder makes an election under Section 83(b) of the Code to be taxed with respect to the Restricted Stock as of the date of transfer of the Restricted Stock rather than as of the date or dates upon which the Holder would otherwise be taxable under Section 83(a) of the Code, the Holder shall be required to deliver a copy of such election to the Company promptly after filing such election with the Internal Revenue Service along with proof of the timely filing thereof with the Internal Revenue Service.
ARTICLE 8.
AWARD OF RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS
8.1     Grant of Restricted Stock Units . The Administrator is authorized to grant Awards of Restricted Stock Units to any Eligible Individual selected by the Administrator in such amounts and subject to such terms and conditions as determined by the Administrator.
 
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8.2     Term . Except as otherwise provided herein, the term of a Restricted Stock Unit award shall be set by the Administrator in its sole discretion.
8.3     Purchase Price . The Administrator shall specify the purchase price, if any, to be paid by the Holder to the Company with respect to any Restricted Stock Unit award; provided , however , that the value of the consideration shall not be less than the par value of a Share, unless otherwise permitted by Applicable Law.
8.4     Vesting of Restricted Stock Units . At the time of grant, the Administrator shall specify the date or dates on which the Restricted Stock Units shall become fully vested and nonforfeitable, and may specify such conditions to vesting as it deems appropriate, including, without limitation, vesting based upon the Holder’s duration of service to the Company or any Subsidiary, Company performance, individual performance or other specific criteria, in each case on a specified date or dates or over any period or periods, as determined by the Administrator.
8.5     Maturity and Payment . At the time of grant, the Administrator shall specify the maturity date applicable to each grant of Restricted Stock Units, which shall be no earlier than the vesting date or dates of the Award and may be determined at the election of the Holder (if permitted by the applicable Award Agreement); provided that, except as otherwise determined by the Administrator, and subject to compliance with Section 409A, in no event shall the maturity date relating to each Restricted Stock Unit occur following the later of (a) the 15 th day of the third month following the end of the calendar year in which the applicable portion of the Restricted Stock Unit vests; and (b) the 15 th day of the third month following the end of the Company’s fiscal year in which the applicable portion of the Restricted Stock Unit vests. On the maturity date, the Company shall, in accordance with the applicable Award Agreement and subject to Section 10.4(f), transfer to the Holder one unrestricted, fully transferable Share for each Restricted Stock Unit scheduled to be paid out on such date and not previously forfeited, or in the sole discretion of the Administrator, an amount in cash equal to the Fair Market Value of such Shares on the maturity date or a combination of cash and Common Stock as determined by the Administrator, subject to Section 3.2.
8.6     Payment upon Termination of Service . An Award of Restricted Stock Units shall be payable only while the Holder is an Employee, a Consultant or a member of the Board, as applicable; provided , however , that the Administrator, in its sole discretion, may provide (in an Award Agreement or otherwise) that a Restricted Stock Unit award may be paid subsequent to a Termination of Service in certain events, including a Change in Control, the Holder’s death, retirement or disability or any other specified Termination of Service.
ARTICLE 9.
AWARD OF OTHER STOCK OR CASH BASED AWARDS AND DIVIDEND EQUIVALENTS
9.1     Other Stock or Cash Based Awards . The Administrator is authorized to grant Other Stock or Cash Based Awards, including awards entitling a Holder to receive Shares or cash to be delivered immediately or in the future, to any Eligible Individual. Subject to the provisions of the Plan and any applicable Program, the Administrator shall determine the terms
 
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and conditions of each Other Stock or Cash Based Award, including the term of the Award, any exercise or purchase price, performance goals, transfer restrictions, vesting conditions and other terms and conditions applicable thereto, which shall be set forth in the applicable Award Agreement, subject to Section 3.2. Other Stock or Cash Based Awards may be paid in cash, Shares, or a combination of cash and Shares, as determined by the Administrator, and may be available as a form of payment in the settlement of other Awards granted under the Plan, as stand-alone payments, as a part of a bonus, deferred bonus, deferred compensation or other arrangement, and/or as payment in lieu of compensation to which an Eligible Individual is otherwise entitled.
9.2     Dividend Equivalents . Dividend Equivalents may be granted by the Administrator, either alone or in tandem with another Award, based on dividends declared on the Common Stock, to be credited as of dividend payment dates during the period between the date the Dividend Equivalents are granted to a Holder and the date such Dividend Equivalents terminate or expire, as determined by the Administrator. Such Dividend Equivalents shall be converted to cash or additional Shares by such formula and at such time and subject to such restrictions and limitations as may be determined by the Administrator. In addition, Dividend Equivalents with respect to an unvested Award shall be paid out to the Holder only to the extent that the vesting conditions are subsequently satisfied and the Award vests. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Dividend Equivalents shall be payable with respect to Options or Stock Appreciation Rights.
ARTICLE 10.
ADDITIONAL TERMS OF AWARDS
10.1     Payment . The Administrator shall determine the method or methods by which payments by any Holder with respect to any Awards granted under the Plan shall be made, including, without limitation: (a) cash or check, (b) Shares (including, in the case of payment of the exercise price of an Award, Shares issuable pursuant to the exercise of the Award) held for any minimum period of time as may be established by the Administrator having a Fair Market Value on the date of delivery equal to the aggregate payments required, (c) delivery of a written or electronic notice that the Holder has placed a market sell order with a broker acceptable to the Company with respect to Shares then issuable upon exercise or vesting of an Award, and that the broker has been directed to pay a sufficient portion of the net proceeds of the sale to the Company in satisfaction of the aggregate payments required; provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to the Company upon settlement of such sale, (d) other form of legal consideration acceptable to the Administrator in its sole discretion, or (e) any combination of the above permitted forms of payment. Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan to the contrary, no Holder who is a Director or an “executive officer” of the Company within the meaning of Section 13(k) of the Exchange Act shall be permitted to make payment with respect to any Awards granted under the Plan, or continue any extension of credit with respect to such payment, with a loan from the Company or a loan arranged by the Company in violation of Section 13(k) of the Exchange Act.
10.2     Tax Withholding . The Company or any Subsidiary shall have the authority and the right to deduct or withhold, or require a Holder to remit to the Company, an amount sufficient to satisfy federal, state, local and foreign taxes (including the Holder’s FICA,
 
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employment tax or other social security contribution obligation) required by law to be withheld with respect to any taxable event concerning a Holder arising as a result of the Plan or any Award. The Administrator may, in its sole discretion and in satisfaction of the foregoing requirement, or in satisfaction of such additional withholding obligations as a Holder may have elected, allow a Holder to satisfy such obligations by any payment means described in Section 10.1 hereof, including without limitation, by allowing such Holder to elect to have the Company or any Subsidiary withhold Shares otherwise issuable under an Award (or allow the surrender of Shares). The number of Shares that may be so withheld or surrendered shall be no greater than the number of Shares that have a fair market value on the date of withholding or repurchase equal to the aggregate amount of such liabilities based on the maximum statutory withholding rates in such Holder’s applicable jurisdiction for federal, state, local and foreign income tax and payroll tax purposes that are applicable to such taxable income. The Administrator shall determine the fair market value of the Shares, consistent with applicable provisions of the Code, for tax withholding obligations due in connection with a broker-assisted cashless Option or Stock Appreciation Right exercise involving the sale of Shares to pay the Option or Stock Appreciation Right exercise price or any tax withholding obligation.
10.3     Transferability of Awards .
(a)    Except as otherwise provided in Sections 10.3(b) and 10.3(c):
(i)    No Award under the Plan may be sold, pledged, assigned or transferred in any manner other than (A) by will or the laws of descent and distribution or (B) subject to the consent of the Administrator, pursuant to a DRO, unless and until such Award has been exercised or the Shares underlying such Award have been issued, and all restrictions applicable to such Shares have lapsed;
(ii)    No Award or interest or right therein shall be liable for or otherwise subject to the debts, contracts or engagements of the Holder or the Holder’s successors in interest or shall be subject to disposition by transfer, alienation, anticipation, pledge, hypothecation, encumbrance, assignment or any other means whether such disposition be voluntary or involuntary or by operation of law by judgment, levy, attachment, garnishment or any other legal or equitable proceedings (including bankruptcy) unless and until such Award has been exercised, or the Shares underlying such Award have been issued, and all restrictions applicable to such Shares have lapsed, and any attempted disposition of an Award prior to satisfaction of these conditions shall be null and void and of no effect, except to the extent that such disposition is permitted by Section 10.3(a)(i); and
(iii)    During the lifetime of the Holder, only the Holder may exercise any exercisable portion of an Award granted to such Holder under the Plan, unless it has been disposed of pursuant to a DRO. After the death of the Holder, any exercisable portion of an Award may, prior to the time when such portion becomes unexercisable under the Plan or the applicable Program or Award Agreement, be exercised by the Holder’s personal representative or by any person empowered to do so under the deceased Holder’s will or under the then-applicable laws of descent and distribution.
 
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(b)    Notwithstanding Section 10.3(a), the Administrator, in its sole discretion, may determine to permit a Holder or a Permitted Transferee of such Holder to transfer an Award other than an Incentive Stock Option (unless such Incentive Stock Option is intended to become a Nonqualified Stock Option) to any one or more Permitted Transferees of such Holder, subject to the following terms and conditions: (i) an Award transferred to a Permitted Transferee shall not be assignable or transferable by the Permitted Transferee other than (A) to another Permitted Transferee of the applicable Holder or (B) by will or the laws of descent and distribution or, subject to the consent of the Administrator, pursuant to a DRO; (ii) an Award transferred to a Permitted Transferee shall continue to be subject to all the terms and conditions of the Award as applicable to the original Holder (other than the ability to further transfer the Award to any person other than another Permitted Transferee of the applicable Holder); and (iii) the Holder (or transferring Permitted Transferee) and the receiving Permitted Transferee shall execute any and all documents requested by the Administrator, including, without limitation documents to (A) confirm the status of the transferee as a Permitted Transferee, (B) satisfy any requirements for an exemption for the transfer under Applicable Law and (C) evidence the transfer. In addition, and further notwithstanding Section 10.3(a), hereof, the Administrator, in its sole discretion, may determine to permit a Holder to transfer Incentive Stock Options to a trust that constitutes a Permitted Transferee if, under Section 671 of the Code and other Applicable Law, the Holder is considered the sole beneficial owner of the Incentive Stock Option while it is held in the trust.
(c)    Notwithstanding Section 10.3(a), a Holder may, in the manner determined by the Administrator, designate a beneficiary to exercise the rights of the Holder and to receive any distribution with respect to any Award upon the Holder’s death. A beneficiary, legal guardian, legal representative, or other person claiming any rights pursuant to the Plan is subject to all terms and conditions of the Plan and any Program or Award Agreement applicable to the Holder and any additional restrictions deemed necessary or appropriate by the Administrator. If the Holder is married or a domestic partner in a domestic partnership qualified under Applicable Law and resides in a community property state, a designation of a person other than the Holder’s spouse or domestic partner, as applicable, as the Holder’s beneficiary with respect to more than 50% of the Holder’s interest in the Award shall not be effective without the prior written or electronic consent of the Holder’s spouse or domestic partner. If no beneficiary has been designated or survives the Holder, payment shall be made to the person entitled thereto pursuant to the Holder’s will or the laws of descent and distribution. Subject to the foregoing, a beneficiary designation may be changed or revoked by a Holder at any time; provided that the change or revocation is delivered in writing to the Administrator prior to the Holder’s death.
10.4     Conditions to Issuance of Shares .
(a)    The Administrator shall determine the methods by which Shares shall be delivered or deemed to be delivered to Holders. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Company shall not be required to issue or deliver any certificates or make any book entries evidencing Shares pursuant to the exercise of any Award, unless and until the Administrator has determined, with advice of counsel, that the issuance of such Shares is in compliance with Applicable Law and the Shares are covered by an effective registration statement or applicable exemption from registration. In addition to the terms and conditions provided herein, the Administrator may require that a Holder make such reasonable covenants, agreements and representations as the Administrator, in its sole discretion, deems advisable in order to comply with Applicable Law.
 
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(b)    All share certificates delivered pursuant to the Plan and all Shares issued pursuant to book entry procedures are subject to any stop-transfer orders and other restrictions as the Administrator deems necessary or advisable to comply with Applicable Law. The Administrator may place legends on any share certificate or book entry to reference restrictions applicable to the Shares (including, without limitation, restrictions applicable to Restricted Stock).
(c)    The Administrator shall have the right to require any Holder to comply with any timing or other restrictions with respect to the settlement, distribution or exercise of any Award, including a window-period limitation, as may be imposed in the sole discretion of the Administrator.
(d)    No fractional Shares shall be issued and the Administrator, in its sole discretion, shall determine whether cash shall be given in lieu of fractional Shares or whether such fractional Shares shall be eliminated by rounding down.
(e)    The Company, in its sole discretion, may (i) retain physical possession of any stock certificate evidencing Shares until any restrictions thereon shall have lapsed and/or (ii) require that the stock certificates evidencing such Shares be held in custody by a designated escrow agent (which may but need not be the Company) until the restrictions thereon shall have lapsed, and that the Holder deliver a stock power, endorsed in blank, relating to such Shares.
(f)    Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan, unless otherwise determined by the Administrator or required by Applicable Law, the Company shall not deliver to any Holder certificates evidencing Shares issued in connection with any Award and instead such Shares shall be recorded in the books of the Company (or, as applicable, its transfer agent or stock plan administrator).
10.5     Forfeiture and Claw-Back Provisions . All Awards (including any proceeds, gains or other economic benefit actually or constructively received by a Holder upon any receipt or exercise of any Award or upon the receipt or resale of any Shares underlying the Award and any payments of a portion of an incentive-based bonus pool allocated to a Holder) shall be subject to the provisions of any claw-back policy implemented by the Company, including, without limitation, any claw-back policy adopted to comply with the requirements of Applicable Law, including, without limitation, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and any rules or regulations promulgated thereunder, whether or not such claw-back policy was in place at the time of grant of an Award, to the extent set forth in such claw-back policy and/or in the applicable Award Agreement.
10.6     Prohibition on Repricing . Subject to Section 12.2, the Administrator shall not, without the approval of the stockholders of the Company, (a) authorize the amendment of any outstanding Option or Stock Appreciation Right to reduce its price per Share, or (b) cancel any Option or Stock Appreciation Right in exchange for cash or another Award when the Option or Stock Appreciation Right price per Share exceeds the Fair Market Value of the underlying
 
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Shares. Furthermore, for purposes of this Section 10.6, except in connection with a corporate transaction involving the Company (including, without limitation, any stock dividend, stock split, extraordinary cash dividend, recapitalization, reorganization, merger, consolidation, split-up, spin-off, combination or exchange of shares), the terms of outstanding Awards may not be amended to reduce the exercise price per Share of outstanding Options or Stock Appreciation Rights or cancel outstanding Options or Stock Appreciation Rights in exchange for cash, other Awards or Options or Stock Appreciation Rights with an exercise price per Share that is less than the exercise price per Share of the original Options or Stock Appreciation Rights without the approval of the stockholders of the Company.
10.7     Amendment of Awards . Subject to Applicable Law, the Administrator may amend, modify or terminate any outstanding Award, including but not limited to, substituting therefor another Award of the same or a different type, changing the date of exercise or settlement, and converting an Incentive Stock Option to a Non-Qualified Stock Option. The Holder’s consent to such action shall be required unless (a) the Administrator determines that the action, taking into account any related action, would not materially and adversely affect the Holder, or (b) the change is otherwise permitted under the Plan (including, without limitation, under Section 12.2 or 12.10).
10.8     Data Privacy . As a condition of receipt of any Award, each Holder explicitly and unambiguously consents to the collection, use and transfer, in electronic or other form, of personal data as described in this Section 10.8 by and among, as applicable, the Company and its Subsidiaries for the exclusive purpose of implementing, administering and managing the Holder’s participation in the Plan. The Company and its Subsidiaries may hold certain personal information about a Holder, including but not limited to, the Holder’s name, home address and telephone number, date of birth, social security or insurance number or other identification number, salary, nationality, job title(s), any shares of stock held in the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and details of all Awards, in each case, for the purpose of implementing, managing and administering the Plan and Awards (the “ Data ”). The Company and its Subsidiaries may transfer the Data amongst themselves as necessary for the purpose of implementation, administration and management of a Holder’s participation in the Plan, and the Company and its Subsidiaries may each further transfer the Data to any third parties assisting the Company and its Subsidiaries in the implementation, administration and management of the Plan. These recipients may be located in the Holder’s country, or elsewhere, and the Holder’s country may have different data privacy laws and protections than the recipients’ country. Through acceptance of an Award, each Holder authorizes such recipients to receive, possess, use, retain and transfer the Data, in electronic or other form, for the purposes of implementing, administering and managing the Holder’s participation in the Plan, including any requisite transfer of such Data as may be required to a broker or other third party with whom the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or the Holder may elect to deposit any Shares. The Data related to a Holder will be held only as long as is necessary to implement, administer, and manage the Holder’s participation in the Plan. A Holder may, at any time, view the Data held by the Company with respect to such Holder, request additional information about the storage and processing of the Data with respect to such Holder, recommend any necessary corrections to the Data with respect to the Holder or refuse or withdraw the consents herein in writing, in any case without cost, by contacting his or her local human resources representative. The Company may cancel the Holder’s ability to participate in the Plan and, in the Administrator’s discretion, the
 
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Holder may forfeit any outstanding Awards if the Holder refuses or withdraws his or her consents as described herein. For more information on the consequences of refusal to consent or withdrawal of consent, Holders may contact their local human resources representative.
ARTICLE 11.
ADMINISTRATION
11.1     Administrator . The Committee shall administer the Plan (except as otherwise permitted herein). To the extent necessary to comply with Rule 16b-3 of the Exchange Act, the Committee shall take all action with respect to Awards, and the individuals taking such action shall consist solely of two or more Non-Employee Directors, each of whom is intended to qualify as both a “non-employee director” as defined by Rule 16b-3 of the Exchange Act. Additionally, to the extent required by Applicable Law, each of the individuals constituting the Committee shall be an “independent director” under the rules of any securities exchange or automated quotation system on which the Shares are listed, quoted or traded. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any action taken by the Committee shall be valid and effective, whether or not members of the Committee at the time of such action are later determined not to have satisfied the requirements for membership set forth in this Section 11.1 or the Organizational Documents. Except as may otherwise be provided in the Organizational Documents or as otherwise required by Applicable Law, (a) appointment of Committee members shall be effective upon acceptance of appointment, (b) Committee members may resign at any time by delivering written or electronic notice to the Board and (c) vacancies in the Committee may only be filled by the Board. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) the full Board, acting by a majority of its members in office, shall conduct the general administration of the Plan with respect to Awards granted to Non-Employee Directors and, with respect to such Awards, the term “Administrator” as used in the Plan shall be deemed to refer to the Board and (ii) the Board or Committee may delegate its authority hereunder to the extent permitted by Section 11.6.
11.2     Duties and Powers of Administrator . It shall be the duty of the Administrator to conduct the general administration of the Plan in accordance with its provisions. The Administrator shall have the power to interpret the Plan, all Programs and Award Agreements, and to adopt such rules for the administration, interpretation and application of the Plan and any Program as are not inconsistent with the Plan, to interpret, amend or revoke any such rules and to amend the Plan or any Program or Award Agreement; provided that the rights or obligations of the Holder of the Award that is the subject of any such Program or Award Agreement are not materially and adversely affected by such amendment, unless the consent of the Holder is obtained or such amendment is otherwise permitted under Section 10.5 or Section 12.10. In its sole discretion, the Board may at any time and from time to time exercise any and all rights and duties of the Committee in its capacity as the Administrator under the Plan except with respect to matters which under Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act or any successor rule, or any regulations or rules issued thereunder, or the rules of any securities exchange or automated quotation system on which the Shares are listed, quoted or traded are required to be determined in the sole discretion of the Committee.
 
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11.3     Action by the Administrator . Unless otherwise established by the Board, set forth in any Organizational Documents or as required by Applicable Law, a majority of the Administrator shall constitute a quorum and the acts of a majority of the members present at any meeting at which a quorum is present, and acts approved in writing by all members of the Administrator in lieu of a meeting, shall be deemed the acts of the Administrator. Each member of the Administrator is entitled to, in good faith, rely or act upon any report or other information furnished to that member by any officer or other employee of the Company or any Subsidiary, the Company’s independent certified public accountants, or any executive compensation consultant or other professional retained by the Company to assist in the administration of the Plan.
11.4     Authority of Administrator . Subject to the Organizational Documents, any specific designation in the Plan and Applicable Law, the Administrator has the exclusive power, authority and sole discretion to:
(a)    Designate Eligible Individuals to receive Awards;
(b)    Determine the type or types of Awards to be granted to each Eligible Individual (including, without limitation, any Awards granted in tandem with another Award granted pursuant to the Plan);
(c)    Determine the number of Awards to be granted and the number of Shares to which an Award will relate;
(d)    Determine the terms and conditions of any Award granted pursuant to the Plan, including, but not limited to, the exercise price, grant price, purchase price, any performance criteria, any restrictions or limitations on the Award, any schedule for vesting, lapse of forfeiture restrictions or restrictions on the exercisability of an Award, and accelerations or waivers thereof, and any provisions related to non-competition and claw-back and recapture of gain on an Award, based in each case on such considerations as the Administrator in its sole discretion determines;
(e)    Determine whether, to what extent, and under what circumstances an Award may be settled in, or the exercise price of an Award may be paid in cash, Shares, other Awards, or other property, or an Award may be canceled, forfeited, or surrendered;
(f)    Prescribe the form of each Award Agreement, which need not be identical for each Holder;
(g)    Decide all other matters that must be determined in connection with an Award;
(h)    Establish, adopt, or revise any Programs, rules and regulations as it may deem necessary or advisable to administer the Plan;
(i)    Interpret the terms of, and any matter arising pursuant to, the Plan, any Program or any Award Agreement;
 
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(j)    Make all other decisions and determinations that may be required pursuant to the Plan or as the Administrator deems necessary or advisable to administer the Plan; and
(k)    Accelerate wholly or partially the vesting or lapse of restrictions of any Award or portion thereof at any time after the grant of an Award, subject to whatever terms and conditions it selects and Section 3.2 and Section 12.2.
11.5     Decisions Binding . The Administrator’s interpretation of the Plan, any Awards granted pursuant to the Plan, any Program or any Award Agreement and all decisions and determinations by the Administrator with respect to the Plan are final, binding and conclusive on all persons.
11.6     Delegation of Authority . The Board or Committee may from time to time delegate to a committee of one or more members of the Board or one or more officers of the Company the authority to grant or amend Awards or to take other administrative actions pursuant to this Article 11; provided , however , that in no event shall an officer of the Company be delegated the authority to grant Awards to, or amend Awards held by, the following individuals: (a) individuals who are subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act, , or (b) officers of the Company (or Directors) to whom authority to grant or amend Awards has been delegated hereunder; provided , further , that any delegation of administrative authority shall only be permitted to the extent it is permissible under any Organizational Documents and Applicable Law. Any delegation hereunder shall be subject to the restrictions and limits that the Board or Committee specifies at the time of such delegation or that are otherwise included in the applicable Organizational Documents, and the Board or Committee, as applicable, may at any time rescind the authority so delegated or appoint a new delegatee. At all times, the delegatee appointed under this Section 11.6 shall serve in such capacity at the pleasure of the Board or the Committee, as applicable, and the Board or the Committee may abolish any committee at any time and re-vest in itself any previously delegated authority.
ARTICLE 12.
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
12.1     Amendment, Suspension or Termination of the Plan .
(a)    Except as otherwise provided in Section 12.1(b), the Plan may be wholly or partially amended or otherwise modified, suspended or terminated at any time or from time to time by the Board; provided that, except as provided in Section 10.5 and Section 12.10, no amendment, suspension or termination of the Plan shall, without the consent of the Holder, materially and adversely affect any rights or obligations under any Award theretofore granted or awarded, unless the Award itself otherwise expressly so provides.
(b)    Notwithstanding Section 12.1(a), the Board may not, except as provided in Section 12.2, take any of the following actions without approval of the Company’s stockholders given within twelve (12) months before or after such action: (i) increase the limit imposed in Section 3.1 on the maximum number of Shares which may be issued under the Plan, (ii) reduce the price per share of any outstanding Option or Stock Appreciation Right granted under the Plan or take any action prohibited under Section 10.6, or (iii) cancel any Option or Stock Appreciation Right in exchange for cash or another Award in violation of Section 10.6.
 
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(c)    No Awards may be granted or awarded during any period of suspension or after termination of the Plan, and notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, in no event may any Award be granted under the Plan after the tenth (10 th ) anniversary of the earlier of (i) the date on which the Plan was adopted by the Board or (ii) the date the Plan was approved by the Company’s stockholders (such anniversary, the “ Expiration Date ”). Any Awards that are outstanding on the Expiration Date shall remain in force according to the terms of the Plan, the applicable Program and the applicable Award Agreement.
12.2     Changes in Common Stock or Assets of the Company, Acquisition or Liquidation of the Company and Other Corporate Events .
(a)    In the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination or exchange of shares, merger, consolidation or other distribution (other than normal cash dividends) of Company assets to stockholders, or any other change affecting the shares of the Company’s stock or the share price of the Company’s stock other than an Equity Restructuring, the Administrator may make equitable adjustments, if any, to reflect such change with respect to: (i) the aggregate number and kind of Shares that may be issued under the Plan (including, but not limited to, adjustments of the limitations in Section 3.1 on the maximum number and kind of Shares which may be issued under the Plan); (ii) the number and kind of Shares (or other securities or property) subject to outstanding Awards; (iii) the terms and conditions of any outstanding Awards (including, without limitation, any applicable performance targets or criteria with respect thereto); and (iv) the grant or exercise price per share for any outstanding Awards under the Plan.
(b)    In the event of any transaction or event described in Section 12.2(a) or any unusual or nonrecurring transactions or events affecting the Company, any Subsidiary of the Company, or the financial statements of the Company or any Subsidiary, or of changes in Applicable Law or Applicable Accounting Standards, the Administrator, in its sole discretion, and on such terms and conditions as it deems appropriate, either by the terms of the Award or by action taken prior to the occurrence of such transaction or event, is hereby authorized to take any one or more of the following actions whenever the Administrator determines that such action is appropriate in order to prevent dilution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available under the Plan or with respect to any Award under the Plan, to facilitate such transactions or events or to give effect to such changes in Applicable Law or Applicable Accounting Standards:
(i)    To provide for the termination of any such Award in exchange for an amount of cash and/or other property with a value equal to the amount that would have been attained upon the exercise of such Award or realization of the Holder’s rights (and, for the avoidance of doubt, if as of the date of the occurrence of the transaction or event described in this Section 12.2 the Administrator determines in good faith that no amount would have been attained upon the exercise of such Award or realization of the Holder’s rights, then such Award may be terminated by the Company without payment);
 
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(ii)    To provide that such Award be assumed by the successor or survivor corporation, or a parent or subsidiary thereof, or shall be substituted for by similar options, rights or awards covering the stock of the successor or survivor corporation, or a parent or subsidiary thereof, with appropriate adjustments as to the number and kind of shares and applicable exercise or purchase price, in all cases, as determined by the Administrator;
(iii)    To make adjustments in the number and type of Shares of the Company’s stock (or other securities or property) subject to such Award, and/or in the terms and conditions of (including the grant or exercise price), and the criteria included in, outstanding Awards and Awards which may be granted in the future;
(iv)    To provide that such Award shall be exercisable or payable or fully vested with respect to all Shares covered thereby, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan or the applicable Program or Award Agreement;
(v)    To replace such Award with other rights or property selected by the Administrator; and/or
(vi)    To provide that the Award cannot vest, be exercised or become payable after such event.
(c)    In connection with the occurrence of any Equity Restructuring, and notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Sections 12.2(a) and 12.2(b):
(i)    The number and type of securities subject to each outstanding Award and the exercise price or grant price thereof, if applicable, shall be equitably adjusted (and the adjustments provided under this Section 12.2(c)(i) shall be nondiscretionary and shall be final and binding on the affected Holder and the Company); and/or
(ii)    The Administrator shall make such equitable adjustments, if any, as the Administrator, in its sole discretion, may deem appropriate to reflect such Equity Restructuring with respect to the aggregate number and kind of Shares that may be issued under the Plan (including, but not limited to, adjustments of the limitation in Section 3.1 on the maximum number and kind of Shares which may be issued under the Plan).
(d)    In the event an Award continues in effect or is assumed or an equivalent Award substituted, and a Holder incurs a Termination of Service without “cause” (as such term is defined in the sole discretion of the Administrator, or as set forth in the Award Agreement relating to such Award) upon or within twelve (12) months following a Change in Control, then such Holder shall be fully vested in such continued, assumed or substituted Award.
(e)    In the event that the successor corporation in a Change in Control refuses to assume or substitute for an Award (or any portion thereof), the Administrator may cause (i) any or all of such Award (or portion thereof) to terminate in exchange for cash, rights or other property pursuant to Section 12.2(b)(i) or (ii) any or all of such Award (or portion thereof) to become fully exercisable immediately prior to the consummation of such transaction (which may, subject to Section 5.4, include extension of the exercise period of any or all of such Award) and all forfeiture restrictions on any or all of such Award to lapse. If any such Award is
 
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exercisable in lieu of assumption or substitution in the event of a Change in Control (and the Administrator does not extend the exercise period), the Administrator shall notify the Holder that such Award shall be fully exercisable for a period of fifteen (15) days from the date of such notice, contingent upon the occurrence of the Change in Control, and such Award shall terminate upon the expiration of such period.
(f)    For the purposes of this Section 12.2, an Award shall be considered assumed if, following the Change in Control, the Award confers the right to purchase or receive, for each Share subject to the Award immediately prior to the Change in Control, the consideration (whether stock, cash, or other securities or property) received in the Change in Control by holders of Common Stock for each Share held on the effective date of the transaction (and if holders were offered a choice of consideration, the type of consideration chosen by the holders of a majority of the outstanding Shares); provided , however , that if such consideration received in the Change in Control was not solely common stock of the successor corporation or its parent, the Administrator may, with the consent of the successor corporation, provide for the consideration to be received upon the exercise of the Award, for each Share subject to an Award, to be solely common stock of the successor corporation or its parent equal in fair market value to the per-share consideration received by holders of Common Stock in the Change in Control.
(g)    The Administrator, in its sole discretion, may include such further provisions and limitations in any Award, agreement or certificate, as it may deem equitable and in the best interests of the Company that are not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan.
(h)    Unless otherwise determined by the Administrator, no adjustment or action described in this Section 12.2 or in any other provision of the Plan shall be authorized to the extent it would (i) cause the Plan to violate Section 422(b)(1) of the Code, (ii) result in short-swing profits liability under Section 16 of the Exchange Act or violate the exemptive conditions of Rule 16b-3 of the Exchange Act, or (iii) cause an Award to fail to be exempt from or comply with Section 409A.
(i)    The existence of the Plan, any Program, any Award Agreement and/or the Awards granted hereunder shall not affect or restrict in any way the right or power of the Company or the stockholders of the Company to make or authorize any adjustment, recapitalization, reorganization or other change in the Company’s capital structure or its business, any merger or consolidation of the Company, any issue of stock or of options, warrants or rights to purchase stock or of bonds, debentures, preferred or prior preference stocks the rights of which are superior to or affect the Common Stock or the rights thereof or that are convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, or the dissolution or liquidation of the Company, or any sale or transfer of all or any part of its assets or business, or any other corporate act or proceeding, whether of a similar character or otherwise.
(j)    In the event of any pending stock dividend, stock split, combination or exchange of shares, merger, consolidation or other distribution (other than normal cash dividends) of Company assets to stockholders, or any other change affecting the Shares or the share price of the Common Stock including any Equity Restructuring, for reasons of administrative convenience, the Company, in its sole discretion, may refuse to permit the exercise of any Award during a period of up to thirty (30) days prior to the consummation of any such transaction.
 
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12.3     Approval of Plan by Stockholders . The Plan shall be submitted for the approval of the Company’s stockholders within twelve (12) months after the date of the Board’s initial adoption of the Plan.
12.4     No Stockholders Rights . Except as otherwise provided herein or in an applicable Program or Award Agreement, a Holder shall have none of the rights of a stockholder with respect to Shares covered by any Award until the Holder becomes the record owner of such Shares.
12.5     Paperless Administration . In the event that the Company establishes, for itself or using the services of a third party, an automated system for the documentation, granting or exercise of Awards, such as a system using an internet website or interactive voice response, then the paperless documentation, granting or exercise of Awards by a Holder may be permitted through the use of such an automated system.
12.6     Effect of Plan upon Other Compensation Plans . The adoption of the Plan shall not affect any other compensation or incentive plans in effect for the Company or any Subsidiary. Nothing in the Plan shall be construed to limit the right of the Company or any Subsidiary: (a) to establish any other forms of incentives or compensation for Employees, Directors or Consultants of the Company or any Subsidiary, or (b) to grant or assume options or other rights or awards otherwise than under the Plan in connection with any proper corporate purpose including without limitation, the grant or assumption of options in connection with the acquisition by purchase, lease, merger, consolidation or otherwise, of the business, stock or assets of any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, firm or association.
12.7     Compliance with Laws . The Plan, the granting and vesting of Awards under the Plan and the issuance and delivery of Shares and the payment of money under the Plan or under Awards granted or awarded hereunder are subject to compliance with all Applicable Law (including but not limited to state, federal and foreign securities law and margin requirements), and to such approvals by any listing, regulatory or governmental authority as may, in the opinion of counsel for the Company, be necessary or advisable in connection therewith. Any securities delivered under the Plan shall be subject to such restrictions, and the person acquiring such securities shall, if requested by the Company, provide such assurances and representations to the Company as the Company may deem necessary or desirable to assure compliance with all Applicable Law. The Administrator, in its sole discretion, may take whatever actions it deems necessary or appropriate to effect compliance with Applicable Law, including, without limitation, placing legends on share certificates and issuing stop-transfer notices to agents and registrars. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, the Administrator may not take any actions hereunder, and no Awards shall be granted, that would violate Applicable Law. To the extent permitted by Applicable Law, the Plan and Awards granted or awarded hereunder shall be deemed amended to the extent necessary to conform to Applicable Law.
12.8     Titles and Headings, References to Sections of the Code or Exchange Act . The titles and headings of the Sections in the Plan are for convenience of reference only and, in the
 
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event of any conflict, the text of the Plan, rather than such titles or headings, shall control. References to sections of the Code or the Exchange Act shall include any amendment or successor thereto.
12.9     Governing Law . The Plan and any Programs and Award Agreements hereunder shall be administered, interpreted and enforced under the internal laws of the State of Delaware without regard to conflicts of laws thereof or of any other jurisdiction.
12.10     Section 409A . To the extent that the Administrator determines that any Award granted under the Plan is subject to Section 409A, the Plan, the Program pursuant to which such Award is granted and the Award Agreement evidencing such Award shall incorporate the terms and conditions required by Section 409A. In that regard, to the extent any Award under the Plan or any other compensatory plan or arrangement of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is subject to Section 409A, and such Award or other amount is payable on account of a Participant’s Termination of Service (or any similarly defined term), then (i) such Award or amount shall only be paid to the extent such Termination of Service qualifies as a “separation from service” as defined in Section 409A, and (ii) if such Award or amount is payable to a “specified employee” as defined in Section 409A then to the extent required in order to avoid a prohibited distribution under Section 409A, such Award or other compensatory payment shall not be payable prior to the earlier of (A) the expiration of the six-month period measured from the date of the Participant’s Termination of Service, or (B) the date of the Participant’s death.    To the extent applicable, the Plan, the Program and any Award Agreements shall be interpreted in accordance with Section 409A. Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan to the contrary, in the event that following the Effective Date the Administrator determines that any Award may be subject to Section 409A, the Administrator may (but is not obligated to), without a Holder’s consent, adopt such amendments to the Plan and the applicable Program and Award Agreement or adopt other policies and procedures (including amendments, policies and procedures with retroactive effect), or take any other actions, that the Administrator determines are necessary or appropriate to (1) exempt the Award from Section 409A and/or preserve the intended tax treatment of the benefits provided with respect to the Award, or (2) comply with the requirements of Section 409A and thereby avoid the application of any penalty taxes under Section 409A. The Company makes no representations or warranties as to the tax treatment of any Award under Section 409A or otherwise. The Company shall have no obligation under this Section 12.10 or otherwise to take any action (whether or not described herein) to avoid the imposition of taxes, penalties or interest under Section 409A with respect to any Award and shall have no liability to any Holder or any other person if any Award, compensation or other benefits under the Plan are determined to constitute non-compliant, “nonqualified deferred compensation” subject to the imposition of taxes, penalties and/or interest under Section 409A.
12.11     Unfunded Status of Awards . The Plan is intended to be an “unfunded” plan for incentive compensation. With respect to any payments not yet made to a Holder pursuant to an Award, nothing contained in the Plan or any Program or Award Agreement shall give the Holder any rights that are greater than those of a general creditor of the Company or any Subsidiary.
12.12     Indemnification . To the extent permitted under Applicable Law and the Organizational Documents, each member of the Administrator shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Company from any loss, cost, liability, or expense that may be imposed upon or
 
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reasonably incurred by such member in connection with or resulting from any claim, action, suit, or proceeding to which he or she may be a party or in which he or she may be involved by reason of any action or failure to act pursuant to the Plan and against and from any and all amounts paid by him or her in satisfaction of judgment in such action, suit, or proceeding against him or her; provided he or she gives the Company an opportunity, at its own expense, to handle and defend the same before he or she undertakes to handle and defend it on his or her own behalf. The foregoing right of indemnification shall not be exclusive of any other rights of indemnification to which such persons may be entitled pursuant to the Organizational Documents, as a matter of law, or otherwise, or any power that the Company may have to indemnify them or hold them harmless.
12.13     Relationship to other Benefits . No payment pursuant to the Plan shall be taken into account in determining any benefits under any pension, retirement, savings, profit sharing, group insurance, welfare or other benefit plan of the Company or any Subsidiary except to the extent otherwise expressly provided in writing in such other plan or an agreement thereunder.
12.14     Expenses . The expenses of administering the Plan shall be borne by the Company and its Subsidiaries.
*    *    *    *    *
 
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I hereby certify that the foregoing Plan was duly adopted by the Board of Directors of Impax Laboratories, Inc. on                     , 201    .
*    *    *    *    *
I hereby certify that the foregoing Plan was approved by the stockholders of Impax Laboratories, Inc. on                         , 201    .
Executed on this        day of                        , 201    .

 
Corporate Secretary	

Exhibit 10.7
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
This EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (“ Agreement ”) is entered into as of December 16, 2017, by and among Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC (“ Amneal ”), Atlas Holdings, Inc. (“ Holdings ”) and Robert A. Stewart (the “ Executive ” and, collectively with Amneal and Holdings, the “ Parties ”).
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, Amneal has entered into that certain Business Combination Agreement (the “ Business Combination Agreement ”), dated as of October 17, 2017, with, among others, Impax Laboratories, Inc. (“ Impax ”) and Holdings which contemplates transactions (the “ Combination ”) pursuant to which Impax, following its conversion into a limited liability company, will become a wholly owned subsidiary of Amneal and Holdings, which will become a publicly traded company and renamed Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in connection with the Combination. For purposes of this Agreement, the term the “ Company ” shall refer to (i) Amneal and its subsidiaries prior to the consummation of the Combination and (ii) Holdings and its subsidiaries on and after the consummation of the Combination, in each case, inclusive of any successors and assigns permitted by this Agreement.
WHEREAS, the Executive possesses unique personal knowledge, experience and expertise;
WHEREAS, effective as of January 25, 2018 (the “ Effective Date ”), the Company desires to employ the Executive, and the Executive desires to be employed by the Company, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement;
WHEREAS, effective as of immediately following the consummation of the Combination (the “ Closing ”), the unitholders of the Amneal will hold the majority of the voting power of the Company’s common stock;
WHEREAS, prior to the Closing, the Executive shall serve as Company’s President and on and following the Closing the Executive shall serve as the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer; and
WHEREAS, the Company and the Executive desire to enter into this Agreement as to the terms and conditions of the Executive’s employment with the Company effective as of the Effective Date.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the covenants and agreements hereinafter set forth and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties agree as follows:
 
1.	EMPLOYMENT AND DUTIES	
1.1 Term of Employment . Subject to Section 8.2 below, the Executive’s initial term of employment under this Agreement shall commence on the Effective Date and shall continue until the third anniversary of the Effective Date (the “ Initial Term ”), unless further extended or

earlier terminated as provided in this Agreement. This Agreement will automatically be renewed for single one-year periods unless written notice of non-renewal (a “ Non-Renewal Notice ”) is provided by any party at least 90 days prior to the end of the Initial Term or the successive one-year period then in effect or unless earlier terminated as provided in this Agreement. Neither non-renewal of this Agreement for additional periods after the third anniversary of the Effective Date, nor expiration of this Agreement as a result of such non-renewal, shall, by itself, result in termination of the Executive’s employment. The period of time between the Effective Date and the termination of the Executive’s employment under this Agreement shall be referred to herein as the “ Term. ”
1.2 General .
1.2.1 Subject to the terms set forth herein, as of the Effective Date, the Executive shall serve as the President of the Company and shall perform such duties as are customarily associated with the position of President and such other duties as assigned to Executive by the managing member of the Company. Subject to the terms set forth herein, effective as of the Closing, the Executive shall serve as the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and he shall (i) have general supervision of all of the departments and businesses of the Company and its subsidiaries, (ii) prescribe the duties of all other officers and employees of the Company and its subsidiaries, (iii) have substantial input into the pre-integration planning for the combined companies involved in the Combination, and (iv) have such other authorities, duties and responsibilities as are prescribed by the Company’s bylaws and as may from time to time be delegated to him by the Board (as defined below). During the Term, the Executive shall report solely and directly to the Board. For purposes of this Agreement, the term “ Board ” shall mean the board of managers of the Company in respect of any action taken prior to the Closing the board of directors of the Company in respect of any action taken on and following the Closing.
1.2.2 On, or as promptly as practicable following, the Closing, but no later than 30 days following the Closing, the Executive shall be appointed to the Board. Thereafter, during the Term, at each applicable annual meeting of the Company’s stockholders, the Board, subject to its fiduciary duties, shall nominate and recommend the election of the Executive by the Company’s stockholders as a director. Upon termination of the Executive’s employment for any reason under this Agreement or upon the expiration of the Term, the Executive shall resign immediately upon request of the Board from all officer and director positions held by him with the Company and its subsidiaries.
1.2.3 The Executive shall faithfully and diligently discharge his duties hereunder and use his best efforts to implement the policies established from time to time by the Board. The Executive shall devote substantially all of his business time, attention, knowledge and skills faithfully, diligently and to the best of his ability, in furtherance of the business and activities of the Company; provided , however , that nothing in this Agreement shall preclude the Executive from devoting reasonable periods of time required for:
(i) serving as a director or member of a committee, in each case, in a non-lead, non-chair role, of up to two (2) publicly traded corporations and up to one (1) private organization or corporation, in each case, that does not, in the good faith determination of the Board, compete with the Company or otherwise create, or could create, in the good faith determination of the Board a conflict of interest with the business of the Company;
 
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(ii) delivering lectures, fulfilling speaking engagements, and any writing or publication relating to his area of expertise; provided , however , that any fees, royalties or honorariums received therefrom shall be promptly turned over to the Company;
(iii) engaging in professional organization and program activities;
(iv) managing his personal passive investments and affairs; and
(v) participating in charitable or community affairs;
provided that such activities do not, either individually or in the aggregate, materially interfere with the performance of his duties and responsibilities under this Agreement or create a conflict of interest with the business of the Company as determined in good faith by the Board.
1.2.4 In the event the Business Combination Agreement is terminated without the consummation of the Combination, then the Parties agree to confer in good faith to reach mutual agreement on the Executive’s continued role with the Company and shall amend this Agreement to the extent necessary to reflect such role, provided, however, that the termination of the Business Combination Agreement without the consummation of the Combination shall constitute Good Reason to the extent provided under Section 4.1.3.
1.3 Reimbursement of Expenses . The Company shall promptly reimburse the Executive for all reasonable, documented, out-of-pocket travel and other business expenses incurred by the Executive in the performance of the Executive’s duties to the Company in accordance with the Company’s applicable expense reimbursement policies and procedures as are in effect from time to time. To the extent any such reimbursements (and any other reimbursements of costs and expenses provided for herein) are includable in the Executive’s gross income for Federal income tax purposes, all such reimbursements shall be made no later than March 15 of the calendar year next following the calendar year in which the expenses to be reimbursed are incurred.
 
2.	COMPENSATION	
2.1 Base Salary . During the Term, the Executive shall be entitled to receive a base salary at the annual rate of $1,000,000 (the “ Base Salary ”). The Base Salary shall be subject to increase but not decrease in the sole discretion of the Board, provided however, that any increase in Base Salary shall become the Base Salary under this Agreement and shall not be decreased from such increased amount. The Base Salary shall be paid in accordance with the payroll practices of the Company, but not less than monthly.
2.2 Incentive Bonuses . During the Term, the Executive shall be eligible to receive an annual bonus targeted at 100% of the Executive’s Base Salary (the “ Incentive Bonus ”) under the annual incentive program adopted by the Board, as may be amended from time to time. The amount of Incentive Bonus payable for any year shall be based on the achievement of performance objectives established by the Board, as determined in its discretion, and, based on
 
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achievement, may be between zero and 150% of the Executive’s Base Salary. The Incentive Bonus will be prorated for the Executive’s initial year of employment. The Executive must be employed by the Company through the date of payment of any Incentive Bonus in order to remain eligible for such Incentive Bonus. The target amount of the Incentive Bonus shall be subject to increase but not decrease in the sole discretion of the Board.
2.3 Equity Awards .
2.3.1 Sign-On Restricted Stock Units . In consideration of the Executive’s commencement of employment with the Company, on, or as promptly as practicable following, the Closing, but no later than 30 days immediately following the Closing, the Company shall grant to the Executive an award of restricted stock units (the “ Sign-On RSUs ”) having a grant date fair value equal to $2,500,000. The Sign-On RSUs will vest in respect of 25% of the total number of Sign-On RSUs on each of the first four anniversaries of the Closing, subject to the Executive’s continuous services to the Company through the applicable vesting date. The Sign-On RSUs shall otherwise be subject to the terms of the plan pursuant to which they are granted and an award agreement to be entered into between the Executive and the Company and Section 4.4.2(iii) or 4.4.3(iii) (as applicable) below.
2.3.2 Stock Option Grant . On, or as promptly as practicable following, the Closing, but no later than 30 days immediately following the Closing, the Company shall grant to the Executive an option to purchase (the “ Initial Option ”) that number of shares of the Company common stock necessary for the Initial Option to have a grant date fair value of $5,000,000. The per share exercise price of the Initial Option shall be equal to the per share fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The Initial Option shall vest and become exercisable with respect to 25% of the total number of shares subject to the Initial Option on each of the first four anniversaries of the Closing, subject to the Executive’s continuous service to the Company through the applicable vesting date. The Initial Option shall otherwise be subject to the terms of the plan pursuant to which they are granted and an award agreement to be entered into between the Executive and the Company and Section 4.4.2(iii) or 4.4.3(iii) (as applicable) below.
2.3.3 Additional Restricted Stock Units . On, or as promptly as practicable following, the Closing, but no later than 30 days immediately following the Closing, the Company shall grant to the Executive an additional award of restricted stock units (the “ Additional RSUs ”) having a grant date fair value equal to $2,500,000. The Additional RSUs will vest in respect of 25% of the total number of Additional RSUs on each of the first four anniversaries of the Closing, subject to the Executive’s continuous services to the Company through the applicable vesting date. The Additional RSUs shall otherwise be subject to the terms of the plan pursuant to which they are granted and an award agreement to be entered into between the Executive and the Company and Section 4.4.2(iii) or 4.4.3(iii) (as applicable) below.
2.3.4 Future Equity Awards . Following the Closing, the Executive will be eligible to receive stock options, restricted stock units and other equity incentive grants as determined by the Board in its sole discretion.
 
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2.5 Additional Compensation . During the Term, in addition to the foregoing, the Executive shall be eligible to receive such other compensation as may from time to time be awarded him by the Board or the Compensation Committee of the Board.
 
3.	EMPLOYEE BENEFITS	
(a) During the Term, the Executive shall be entitled to participate in and have the benefit of all group life, disability, hospital, surgical and major medical insurance plans and programs and other employee benefit plans and programs as generally are made available to executive personnel of the Company, as such benefit plans or programs may be amended or terminated in the sole discretion of the Board or the Compensation Committee of the Board, from time to time.
(b) The Executive shall be entitled to at least 20 paid vacation days per calendar year in accordance with the Company’s vacation policy in effect from time to time, provided that any unused vacation days in any calendar year shall be carried over to the next calendar year subject to any accrual caps under the Company’s vacation policy.
 
4.	TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT	
4.1 General . The Executive’s employment under this Agreement may be terminated without any breach of this Agreement only on the following circumstances:
4.1.1 Death . The Executive’s employment under this Agreement shall terminate upon his death.
4.1.2 Disability . If the Executive suffers a Disability (as defined below), the Board may terminate the Executive’s employment under this Agreement upon 30 days prior written notice; provided that the Executive has not returned to full time performance of his duties during such 30-day period. For purposes of this Agreement, “ Disability ” shall mean the Executive’s inability to perform his duties and responsibilities hereunder, with or without reasonable accommodation, due to any physical or mental illness or incapacity, which condition either (i) has continued for a period of 180 consecutive days (including weekends and holidays) in any 365-day period, or (ii) is projected by the Board in good faith after consulting with a licensed physician mutually selected by the Board and the Executive (or, in the event of the Executive’s incapacity, his legal representative), that the condition is likely to continue for a period of at least six consecutive months from its commencement.
4.1.3 Good Reason . The Executive may terminate his employment under this Agreement for Good Reason (as defined below). For purposes of this Agreement, “ Good Reason ” shall mean the occurrence of any of the following events without the Executive’s consent:
(i) any action or inaction by the Company constituting a material breach of the Agreement by the Company;
(ii) a material diminution of the titles, authorities, duties, or responsibilities of the Executive set forth in Section 1.2 above (other than temporarily while the Executive is physically or mentally incapacitated and unable to properly perform such duties, as
 
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determined by the Board in good faith), or the assignment to the Executive of titles, authorities, duties, or responsibilities that are inconsistent with his position of President of the Company prior to the Closing and President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company on or following the Closing;
(iii) the loss of any of the titles of the Executive with the Company set forth in Section 1.2 above;
(iv) a material reduction by the Company in the Base Salary or in any of the percentages of the Base Salary payable as an Incentive Bonus;
(v) an actual relocation of the Executive’s principal office more than 35 miles from Bridgewater, New Jersey;
(vi) the delivery by the Board to the Executive of a Non-Renewal Notice in accordance with Section 1.1;
(vii) the termination of the Business Combination Agreement without the consummation of the Combination or the failure of the Combination to close by December 31, 2018 (a “ No-Closing Event ”), provided, however, that Good Reason shall not exist if the Company grants to the Executive one or more Company equity awards (“ Substitute Equity Awards ”) providing for an aggregate economic opportunity of not less than $10,000,000, based on reasonable assumptions regarding Company performance, such grant to be made within 15 days following such No-Closing Event; or
(viii) a material change in the reporting structure set forth in Section 1.2.1 hereof.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Executive may not terminate his employment for Good Reason under this Section 4.1.3 unless (i) the Executive provides written notice to the Board of the occurrence of an event constituting Good Reason within 30 days of its initial occurrence and (ii) if curable, the Board shall fail to cure such event constituting Good Reason within 30 days following its receipt of such written notice. The Date of Termination shall be the date the Board receives the Executive’s Notice of Termination if the event constituting Good Reason is uncurable and 30 days after the date the Board receives the Executive’s Notice of Termination if the event constituting Good Reason is curable and remains uncured 30 days after the Board receives the Executive’s notice of Termination.
4.1.4 Without Good Reason . The Executive may voluntarily terminate his employment under this Agreement without Good Reason upon written notice by the Executive to the Board at least 60 days prior to the effective date of such termination (which termination the Board may, in its sole discretion, make effective earlier than the date set forth in the Notice of Termination (as defined below)).
4.1.5 Cause . The Board may terminate the Executive’s employment under this Agreement at any time for Cause (as defined below). For purposes of this Agreement, termination for “ Cause ” shall mean any of the following as determined in good faith by the Board:
 
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(i) the willful and continued failure by the Executive to substantially perform his obligations under this Agreement (other than any such failure resulting from the Executive’s incapacity due to a Disability); provided , however , that the Board shall have provided the Executive with a Notice of Termination specifying such failure and the Executive shall have been afforded at least 15 business days within which to cure same;
(ii) the Executive’s conviction of or plea of guilty or nolo contendere to a felony or a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude or dishonesty;
(iii) the Executive’s willful misconduct in the performance of his duties hereunder (including theft, fraud, embezzlement, and securities law violations) that results in material economic or reputational harm to the Company;
(iv) the Executive’s violation of the Company’s Code of Conduct or other written policies that results in material economic or reputational harm to the Company; provided , however , that the Board shall have provided the Executive with a Notice of Termination specifying such failure and the Executive shall have been afforded at least 15 business days within which to cure same; or
For purposes of this Section 4.1.5, no act or failure to act on the part of the Executive shall be considered “ willful ,” unless done, or omitted to be done, in good faith or without reasonable belief that his action or omission was in, or not opposed to, the best interest of the Company (including their reputation).
Prior to any termination for Cause, the Board shall provide the Executive with a Notice of Termination specifying the event constituting Cause and shall give the Executive the opportunity to appear before the Board, with or without counsel, to present his views on the Cause event. If, after such hearing, at least two-thirds of the full Board (excluding the Executive) does not support such termination, the Notice of Termination shall be rescinded. After providing the notice in the foregoing sentence, the Board may suspend the Executive with full pay and benefits until a final determination pursuant to this Section has been made.
4.1.6 Without Cause . The Board may terminate the Executive’s employment under this Agreement without Cause immediately upon written notice by the Board to the Executive, other than for death or Disability.
4.1.7 Definition of Change in Control . For purposes of this Agreement, a “ Change in Control ” shall be deemed to occur upon any of the following events that occurs after the Closing, provided that such an event constitutes a “change in control event” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code (as defined below): (a) any “ person ” as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”) (other than the Company, any trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under any employee benefit plan of the Company, or any company owned, directly or indirectly, by the stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the equity securities of the Company), becoming the beneficial owner (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of equity securities of the Company representing more than 50% of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding equity
 
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securities; (b) during any period of 12 consecutive months, the individuals who, at the beginning of such period, constitute the Board, and any new director whose election by the Board or nomination for election by the Company’s equityholders was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the directors then still in office who either were directors at the beginning of the 12-month period (or the Closing if later than such date) or whose election or nomination for election was previously so approved, cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board; (c) a merger or consolidation of the Company with any other corporation or other entity, other than a merger or consolidation that would result in the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto (and held by persons that are not affiliates of the acquirer) continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting securities of the surviving entity) more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the Company or such surviving entity outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation; provided , however , that a merger or consolidation effected to implement a recapitalization of the Company (or similar transaction) in which no person (other than those covered by the exceptions in clause (a) of this Section 4.1.7) acquires more than 50% of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding securities shall not constitute a Change in Control; or (d) the consummation of a sale or other disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, including a liquidation, other than the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company to a person or persons who beneficially own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the combined voting power of the outstanding voting securities of the Company immediately prior to the time of the sale or other disposition. For the avoidance of doubt, the Combination shall not constitute a Change in Control under this Agreement.
4.2 Notice of Termination . Any termination of the Executive’s employment by the Board or by the Executive (other than termination by reason of the Executive’s death) shall be communicated by written Notice of Termination to the other party of this Agreement. For purposes of this Agreement, a “ Notice of Termination ” shall mean a written notice which shall indicate the specific termination provision in this Agreement relied upon and, other than with respect to a termination pursuant to Section 4.1.6 hereof, shall set forth in reasonable detail the facts and circumstances claimed to provide the basis for such termination.
4.3 Date of Termination . The “ Date of Termination ” shall mean (a) if the termination is the result of the Executive’s death, the date of his death, (b) if the termination is pursuant to Section 4.1.2 hereof, 30 days after the Notice of Termination is given (provided that the Executive shall not have returned to the performance of his duties on a full-time basis during such 30-day period), (c) if the termination is pursuant to Section 4.1.3 or Section 4.1.5 hereof, the date specified in the Notice of Termination after the expiration of any applicable cure period, (d) if the termination is pursuant to Section 4.1.4 hereof, the date specified in the Notice of Termination which shall be at least 60 days after the Notice of Termination is given, or such earlier date as the Board shall determine in its sole discretion, and (e) if the termination is pursuant to Section 4.1.6 hereof, the date on which the Notice of Termination is given.
4.4 Compensation Upon Termination .
4.4.1 Termination for Cause or without Good Reason . If the Executive’s employment shall be terminated by the Board for Cause or by the Executive without Good
 
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Reason, the Executive shall receive from the Company: (a) any earned but unpaid Base Salary through the Date of Termination, paid in accordance with the Company’s standard payroll practices; (b) reimbursement for any unreimbursed expenses properly incurred and paid in accordance with Section 1.3 hereof through the Date of Termination; (c) payment for any accrued but unused vacation time in accordance with the Company’s policy; (d) all equity awards previously granted to the Executive that have vested in accordance with the terms of such grants; and (e) such vested accrued benefits, and other payments, if any, as to which the Executive (and his eligible dependents) may be entitled under, and in accordance with the terms and conditions of, the employee benefit arrangements, plans and programs of the Company as of the Date of Termination, other than any severance pay plan (such amounts and benefits set forth in clauses (a) though (e) being referred to hereinafter as the “ Amounts and Benefits ”), and the Company shall have no further obligation with respect to this Agreement other than as provided in Sections 5, 6.5 and 7 hereof. Any equity awards previously granted to the Executive that have not vested in accordance with the terms of their grants as of the Date of Termination shall be forfeited as of the Date of Termination.
4.4.2 Termination Apart from a Change in Control . If, at any time prior to the expiration of the Term and other than during a Change in Control Period (as defined below), the Executive resigns from his employment hereunder for Good Reason, or the Board terminates the Executive’s employment hereunder without Cause, then the Company shall pay or provide the Executive the Amounts and Benefits and, subject to Section 4.4.5, a severance payment and equity vesting as follows:
(i) an amount equal to two times the Base Salary as then in effect (without taking into account any reduction therein that constitutes a basis for Good Reason), with the aggregate amount due paid in equal installments on the Company’s normal payroll dates for a period of 24 months from the Date of Termination in accordance with the normal payroll practices of the Company, with each such payment deemed to be a separate payment for the purposes of Section 409A of the Code;
(ii) a pro-rated portion of the Incentive Bonus for the year during which the Date of Termination occurs based on the number of days the Executive serves the Company during such year and actual performance of the corporate goals for such Incentive Bonus, inclusive of any adjustments made by the Board that are applied to all other executive participants in the annual incentive program, such pro-rated Incentive Bonus to be paid in a lump sum at the same time related bonuses are paid to executives who continue to be employed by the Company and, in any event, in the calendar year following the year during which the Date of Termination occurs;
(iii) the vesting, and if applicable, exercisability of each outstanding equity award granted to the Executive by the Company shall accelerate in respect of that number of shares of Company common stock (or other equity securities) that would have vested had the Executive’s employment with the Company continued through the first anniversary of the Date of Termination, provided, however, that if the Date of Termination occurs prior to the Sign-On RSUs, Initial Option and Initial RSUs being granted by the Company and if the Substitute Equity Awards have not been granted as of the Date of Termination, then in lieu of such vesting acceleration, the Company shall pay to the Executive $2,500,000, less withholding taxes, in a lump sum on the first payroll date on or following the 60th day after the Date of Termination;
 
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(iv) During the period commencing on the Date of Termination and ending as of the second anniversary of the Date of Termination, or, if earlier, the date on which the Executive becomes eligible for comparable replacement coverage under a subsequent employer’s group health plan (in any case, the “ COBRA Period ”), subject to the Executive’s valid election to continue healthcare coverage under Section 4980B of the Code and the regulations thereunder, the Company shall, in its sole discretion, either (A) continue to provide to the Executive and the Executive’s dependents, at the Company’s sole expense, or (B) reimburse the Executive and the Executive’s dependents for coverage under its group health plan (if any) at the same levels in effect on the Date of Termination; provided, however , that if (1) any plan pursuant to which such benefits are provided is not, or ceases prior to the expiration of the continuation coverage period to be, exempt from the application of Section 409A under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(a)(5), (2) the Company is otherwise unable to continue to cover the Executive or the Executive’s dependents under its group health plans, or (3) the Company cannot provide the benefit without violating applicable law (including, without limitation, Section 2716 of the Public Health Service Act), then, in any such case, an amount equal to each remaining subsidy shall thereafter be paid to the Executive in substantially equal monthly installments over the COBRA Period (or remaining portion thereof); and
(v) Outplacement services provided to the Executive by a reputable national outplacement service provider for up to two years following the Date of Termination.
4.4.3 Termination Following Change in Control . Anything contained herein to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event the Executive resigns from his employment hereunder for Good Reason, the Board terminates the Executive’s employment hereunder without Cause or Executive’s employment terminates by reason of death or Disability, in each case, within the period commencing three months prior to a Change in Control and ending 24 months following the Change in Control (a “ Change in Control Period ”), then, in lieu of any amount otherwise payable pursuant to Section 4.4.2, the Company shall pay or provide the Executive the Amounts and Benefits and, subject to Section 4.4.5, a severance payment as follows:
(i) an amount equal to the sum of (x) two times the Base Salary as then in effect (without taking into account any reduction therein that constitutes a basis for Good Reason), plus (y) an amount equal to two times the Executive’s target Incentive Bonus as then in effect (without taking into account any reduction therein that constitutes a basis for Good Reason), with the aggregate amount due paid in a lump sum on the first payroll date on or following the 60th day after the Date of Termination;
(ii) a pro-rated portion of the Incentive Bonus for the year during which the Date of Termination occurs based on the number of days the Executive serves the Company during such year and actual performance of the corporate goals for such Incentive Bonus, inclusive of any adjustments made by the Board that are applied to all other executive participants in the annual incentive program, such pro-rated Incentive Bonus to be paid in a lump sum at the same time related bonuses are paid to executives who continue to be employed by the Company and, in any event, in the calendar year following the year during which the Date of Termination occurs;
 
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(iii) During the COBRA Period, subject to the Executive’s valid election to continue healthcare coverage under Section 4980B of the Code and the regulations thereunder, the Company shall, in its sole discretion, either (A) continue to provide to the Executive and the Executive’s dependents, at the Company’s sole expense, or (B) reimburse the Executive and the Executive’s dependents for coverage under its group health plan (if any) at the same levels in effect on the Date of Termination; provided, however , that if (1) any plan pursuant to which such benefits are provided is not, or ceases prior to the expiration of the continuation coverage period to be, exempt from the application of Section 409A under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(a)(5), (2) the Company is otherwise unable to continue to cover the Executive or the Executive’s dependents under its group health plans, or (3) the Company cannot provide the benefit without violating applicable law (including, without limitation, Section 2716 of the Public Health Service Act), then, in any such case, an amount equal to each remaining subsidy shall thereafter be paid to the Executive in substantially equal monthly installments over the COBRA Period (or remaining portion thereof);
(iv) The vesting and, if applicable, exercisability of each equity award granted to the Executive by the Company shall accelerate in respect of 100% of the shares of the Company common stock subject thereto effective as of the Date of Termination, provided, however, that if the Date of Termination occurs prior to the Sign-On RSUs, Initial Option and Initial RSUs being granted by the Company and if the Substitute Equity Awards have not been granted as of the Date of Termination, then in lieu of such vesting acceleration, the Company shall pay to the Executive $10,000,000, less withholding taxes, in a lump sum on the first payroll date on or following the 60th day after the Date of Termination; and
(v) Outplacement services provided to the Executive by a reputable national outplacement service provider for up to two years following the Date of Termination.
4.4.4 No Mitigation or Offset; Nature of Payments . The Executive shall not be required to mitigate the amount of any payment provided for in this Section 4.4 by seeking other employment or otherwise, nor shall the amount of any payment provided for in this Section 4.4 be reduced by any compensation earned by the Executive as the result of employment by another employer or business or by profits earned by the Executive from any other source at any time before and after the Date of Termination. Any amounts due under this Section 4.4 are in the nature of severance payments considered to be reasonable by the Company and are not in the nature of a penalty.
4.4.5 Release . Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in this Agreement, the Company’s obligation to pay or provide the Executive with the payments and benefits under Sections 4.4.2 and 4.4.3 (other than the Amounts and Benefits), and any accelerated vesting with respect to the equity awards under Section 4.4.3, shall be conditioned on the Executive’s execution and failure to revoke a waiver and general release in a form generally consistent with Exhibit B hereto (subject to such changes as may be necessary at the time of execution in order to make such release enforceable) (the “ Release ”). The Company shall provide the Release to the Executive within seven days following the applicable Date of Termination. In order to
 
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receive the payments and benefits under Sections 4.4.2 and 4.4.3 (other than the Amounts and Benefits) and the accelerated vesting with respect to the equity awards under Section 4.4.3, the Executive will be required to execute and deliver the Release within 50 days after the date it is provided to him and not to revoke it within seven days following such execution and delivery.
 
5.	INSURABILITY; RIGHT TO INSURE	
The Company shall have the right to maintain key man life insurance in its own name covering the Executive’s life in an amount of up to $50,000,000.00. The Executive shall fully cooperate in the procuring of such insurance, including submitting to any required medical examination and by completing, executing and delivering such applications and other instrument in writing as may be reasonably required by any insurance company to which application for insurance may be made by the Company. The Company’s ability to procure any key man life insurance covering Executive’s life shall not be a condition of employment.
 
6.	CONFIDENTIALITY; NON-COMPETITION; NON-SOLICITATION; NON- DISPARAGEMENT; COOPERATION	
6.1 Confidential Information . The Parties acknowledge that the services to be performed by the Executive under this Agreement are unique and extraordinary and, as a result of such employment, the Executive shall be in possession of Confidential Information (as defined below) relating to the business practices of the Company and the members thereof. The term “ Confidential Information ” shall mean any and all information (oral and written) relating to the Company, or any of their respective activities, or of the clients, customers or business practices of the Company, except (i) as such disclosure or use may be required or appropriate in connection with his work as an employee of the Company, (ii) when required to do so by a court of law, by any governmental agency having supervisory authority over the business of the Company or by any administrative or legislative body (including a committee thereof) with apparent jurisdiction to order him to divulge, disclose or make accessible such information, (iii) as to such confidential information that becomes generally known to the public or trade without his violation of this Section 6.1, or (iv) to the Executive’s spouse, attorney and/or his personal tax and financial advisors as reasonably necessary or appropriate to advance the Executive’s tax, financial and other personal planning (each an “Exempt Person”), provided, however , that any disclosure or use of any trade secret or proprietary or confidential information of the Company by an Exempt Person shall be deemed to be a breach of this Section 6.1 by the Executive.
6.2 Confidential Information includes, but it not limited to, information that the Executive creates, develops, derives, obtains, makes known, or learns about which has commercial value in the business in which the Company is involved and which is treated by the Company as confidential, such as trade secrets, ideas, processes, formulas, compounds, compositions, research and clinical data, know-how, discoveries, developments, designs, innovations, plans, strategies, pricing, costs, financial information, employee information, forecasts and current and prospective customer and supplier lists. The Executive shall not, during the Term or at any time thereafter, except as may be required in the course of the performance of his duties hereunder (including pursuant to Section 6.6 below) and except with respect to any litigation or arbitration involving this Agreement, including the enforcement hereof, directly or indirectly, use, communicate, disclose or disseminate to any person, firm or
 
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corporation any Confidential Information acquired by the Executive during, or as a result of, his employment with the Company, without the prior written consent of the Board. Without limiting the foregoing, the Executive understands that the Executive shall be prohibited from misappropriating any trade secret of the Company or of the clients or customers of the Company acquired by the Executive during, or as a result of, his employment with the Company, at any time during or after the Term. Further without limiting the foregoing, as a condition of Executive’s employment with the Company, the Executive shall enter into the Company’s standard Employee Confidentiality, Non-Solicitation and Ownership of Inventions Agreement (the “ Proprietary Information Agreement ”). In the event of a conflict between this Agreement and the Proprietary Information Agreement, this Agreement shall control.
6.3 Return of Property . Upon the termination of the Executive’s employment for any reason all property of the Company that is in the possession of the Executive, including all documents, records, drug formulations, notebooks, equipment, price lists, specifications, programs, customer and prospective customer lists and other materials that contain Confidential Information that are in the possession of the Executive, including all copies thereof, shall be promptly returned to the Company. Anything to the contrary herein notwithstanding, the Executive shall be entitled to retain (i) papers and other materials of a personal nature, including photographs, correspondence, personal diaries, calendars and rolodexes, personal files and phone books, (ii) information showing his compensation or relating to reimbursement of expenses, (iii) information that he reasonably believes may be needed for tax purposes and (iv) copies of plans, programs and agreements relating to his employment, or termination thereof, with the Company.
6.4 Non-Competition . The Executive acknowledges that the Executive has been provided with Confidential Information and, during the Term, the Company from time to time will provide Executive with access to Confidential Information. Ancillary to the rights provided to the Executive as set forth in this Agreement, the Executive’s continued employment with the Company during the Term (subject to earlier termination as provided herein), and the Company’s provision of Confidential Information, and the Executive’s agreements regarding the use of same, in order to protect the value of any Confidential Information, and in consideration for good and valuable consideration received by the Executive, the Parties agree to the following provisions against unfair competition, which the Executive acknowledges represent a fair balance of the Company’s rights to protect its business and the Executive’s right to pursue employment. The Executive hereby agrees that he shall not, during the Term and for a period of 9 months thereafter, directly or indirectly, engage or have an interest in, or render any services to, any business (whether as owner, manager, operator, licensor, licensee, lender, partner, stockholder, joint venturer, employee, consultant or otherwise) (such activities hereinafter referred to collectively as “ Engaging ”) that competes directly with the Company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall prevent the Executive from (i) owning securities in a publicly traded entity whose activities compete with those of the Company, provided that such securities holdings are not greater than five percent of the equity ownership in such entity; (ii) Engaging in the business of the ownership and licensing (as licensor) of trademarks and brands if the products or services carrying such trademarks and brands do not compete with the products or services carrying the trademarks and brands owned and licensed (as licensor) by the Company, or that the Company is actively planning to own or license (as licensor), during the Term; or (iii) Engaging in an operating company (including ownership of securities of such operating company’s holding company) with annual revenues not in excess of $10,000,000.
 
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6.5 Prohibition on Use of Confidential Information to Solicit Customers and Prospects . During the Executive’s employment, the Executive shall not engage in any other employment or activity that might materially interfere with the interests of the Company. Furthermore, the Executive shall not, except in the furtherance of the Executive’s duties hereunder, directly or indirectly, individually or on behalf of any other person, firm, corporation or other entity, (i) during the Term (except in the good faith performance of his duties) and for a period of 24 months thereafter, solicit, aid or induce any employee, representative or agent of the Company to leave such employment or retention or to accept employment with or render services to or with any other person, firm, corporation or other entity unaffiliated with the Company or hire or retain any such employee, representative or agent, or take any action to materially assist or aid any other person, firm, corporation or other entity in identifying, hiring or soliciting any such employee, representative or agent, other (x) than any such employee, representative or agent whose employment has been terminated by the Company and (y) his personal assistant(s), (ii) during the Term (except in the good faith performance of his duties) and for a period of 12 months thereafter, solicit, aid or induce (or attempt to do any of the foregoing) directly or indirectly, any current or prospective customer of the Company with whom the Executive substantially dealt with at any time during the last two years of the Executive’s employment to purchase goods or services then sold by the Company from another person, firm, corporation or other entity or assist or aid any other persons or entity in identifying or soliciting any such customer or (iii) during the Term (except in the good faith performance of his duties) and for a period of 24 months thereafter, interfere in any manner with the relationship of the Company and any of its vendors. An employee, representative or agent shall be deemed covered by this Section 6.5 while so employed or retained by the Company and for six months thereafter. Anything to the contrary herein notwithstanding, the following shall not be deemed a violation of this Section 6.4: (a) the Executive’s solicitation of the Company’s customers and/or vendors in connection with, and directly related to, his Engaging in a business that complies with Sections 6.3(ii) or (iii); (b) the Executive’s responding to an unsolicited request for an employment reference regarding any former employee of the Company from such former employee, or from a third party, by providing a reference setting forth his personal views about such former employee; or (c) if an entity with which the Executive is associated hires or engages any employee of the Company, if the Executive was not, directly or indirectly, involved in hiring or identifying such person as a potential recruit or assisting in the recruitment of such employee. For purposes hereof, the Executive shall be deemed to have been involved “ indirectly ” in soliciting, hiring or identifying an employee only if the Executive (x) directs a third party to solicit or hire the Employee, (y) identifies an employee to a third party as a potential recruit or (z) aids, assists or participates with a third party in soliciting or hiring an employee.
6.6 Non-Disparagement . At no time during or within five years after the Term shall (x) the Executive, directly or indirectly, disparage the Company or any of the Company’s past or present employees, directors, products or services and (y) the Company, including its subsidiaries, parents and affiliates, directly or indirectly, disparage the Executive. In addition, the Company shall instruct and shall use reasonable efforts so that each director and officer of the Company and its subsidiaries and parents not to, directly or indirectly, disparage the Executive. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this Section 6.5 shall prevent any entity or
 
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person from making any truthful statement to the extent (i) necessary to rebut any untrue public statements made about him or her or it; (ii) necessary with respect to any litigation, arbitration or mediation involving this Agreement and the enforcement thereof; (iii) required by law or by any court, arbitrator, mediator or administrative or legislative body (including any committee thereof) with jurisdiction over such person; or (iv) made as good faith competitive statements in the ordinary course of business.
6.7 Cooperation . Upon the receipt of reasonable notice from the Company (including outside counsel), the Executive shall, while employed by the Company and thereafter, respond and provide information with regard to matters of which the Executive has knowledge as a result of the Executive’s employment with the Company and will provide reasonable assistance to the Company and its representatives in defense of any claims that may be made against the Company, and will provide reasonable assistance to the Company in the prosecution of any claims that may be made by the Company, to the extent that such claims may relate to matters related to the Executive’s period of employment with the Company. Any request for such cooperation shall take into account the Executive’s personal and business commitments and is subject to his personal and business schedule. The Executive shall promptly inform the Board (to the extent the Executive is legally permitted to do so) if the Executive is asked to assist in any investigation of the Company or their actions, regardless of whether a lawsuit or other proceeding has then been filed with respect to such investigation. If the Executive is required to provide any services pursuant to this Section 6.6 following the Term, upon presentation of appropriate documentation, the Company shall promptly reimburse the Executive for reasonable out-of-pocket travel, lodging, communication and duplication expenses incurred in connection with the performance of such services and in accordance with the Company’s expense policy for its senior officers (provided that it shall be in Executive’s discretion to travel via first or business class, which costs shall be reimbursable by the Company), for reasonable legal fees to the extent the Executive in good faith believes that separate legal representation is reasonably required, and for the Executive’s time at a rate equivalent to the Executive’s most recent base salary. In addition, if the Executive’s cooperation exceed 2 days in any calendar month, then the Executive shall be compensated at a per diem rate of $5,000 for any full or partial day of such cooperation. The Executive’s entitlement to reimbursement of such costs and expenses, including legal fees, pursuant to this Section 6.6, shall in no way affect the Executive’s rights, if any, to be indemnified and/or advanced expenses in accordance with the Company’s (or any of its subsidiaries’) corporate or other organizational documents, any applicable insurance policy, and/or in accordance with this Agreement.
6.8 Remedies and Reformation . Without intending to limit the remedies available to the Company, the Executive acknowledges that a breach of any of the covenants contained in this Section 6 may result in material and irreparable injury to the Company for which there is no adequate remedy at law, that it will not be possible to measure damages for such injuries precisely and that, in the event of such a breach or threat the Company shall be entitled to seek a temporary restraining order and/or a preliminary or permanent injunction in a court of jurisdiction restraining the Executive from engaging in activities prohibited by this Section 6 or such other relief as may be required specifically to enforce any of the covenants in this Section 6. If for any reason it is held that the restrictions under this Section 6 are not reasonable or that consideration therefor is inadequate, such restrictions shall be interpreted or modified to include as much of the duration and scope identified in this Section as will render such restrictions valid and enforceable.
 
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6.9 Violations . In the event of any violation of the provisions of this Section 6, the Executive acknowledges and agrees that: (a) the post-termination restrictions contained in this Section 6 shall be extended by a period of time equal to the period of such violation, it being the intention of the Parties hereto that the running of the applicable post-termination restriction period shall be tolled during any period of such violation; (b) any severance payable which remains unpaid or other benefits yet to be received under Section 4.4.2 or 4.4.3 shall be forfeited by the Executive; and (c) any vested options not exercised as of the date of any violation of the provisions of this Section 6 shall be forfeited.
 
7.	INDEMNIFICATION; DIRECTORS’ AND OFFICERS’ LIABILITY INSURANCE	
During the Term and thereafter, the Company shall indemnify and hold harmless the Executive and his heirs and representatives as, and to the extent, provided in the Company’s organizational documents. In addition, the Executive shall be entitled to enter into a form of indemnification agreement on terms and conditions no less favorable than the indemnification agreement entered into between the Company and members of the Board. The Company agrees to continue and maintain a directors and officers’ liability insurance policy covering the Executive to the extent the Company provides such coverage for its other executive officers.
 
8.	MISCELLANEOUS	
8.1 Notices . All notices or communications hereunder shall be in writing, addressed as follows (or to such other address as either party may have furnished to the other in writing by like notice):
 
 	To the Company:		
 
 	 	Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC	
 	 	400 Crossing Boulevard, Third Floor	
 	 	Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807	
 	 	Facsimile No.: (908) 947-3144	
 	 	Attn: Sheldon Hirt, Senior Vice President, General Counsel	
 	 	Email: shirt@amneal.com	
To the Executive, at the last address for the Executive on the books of the Company.
All such notices shall be conclusively deemed to be received and shall be effective (i) if sent by hand delivery, upon receipt, (ii) if sent by telecopy or facsimile transmission, upon confirmation of receipt by the sender of such transmission, (iii) if sent by overnight courier, one business day after being sent by overnight courier, or (iv) if sent by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, on the fifth day after the day on which such notice is mailed.
 
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8.2 T esting; Verification . As a condition of the Executive’s employment with the Company, the Executive will be required to successfully complete the Company’s standard onboarding procedures, including any background check and drug testing, the cost of which shall be paid by the Company. In addition, to comply with Department of Homeland Security, the Executive will be required to provide verification of the Executive’s identity and legal right to work in the United States and must complete a Form I-9 within the first three (3) days of the Effective Date. The Company shall notify the Executive of the identity of a clinic for drug testing that is local to the Executive, and the Executive hereby agrees to schedule an appointment with such clinic within forty-eight (48) hours of the date of this Agreement. In the event the Executive fails any such tests or such verification, then this Agreement shall be void ab initio and of no further force or effect.
8.3 Severability . Each provision of this Agreement shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Agreement is held to be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision will be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provision or the remaining provisions of this Agreement.
8.4 Binding Effect; Benefits . The Executive may not delegate his duties or assign his rights hereunder. Except as explicitly provided in the Agreement, no rights or obligations of the Company under this Agreement may be assigned or transferred by the Company other than pursuant to a merger or consolidation in which the Company is not the continuing entity, or a sale, liquidation or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, provided that the assignee or transferee is the successor to all or substantially all of the assets or businesses of the Company and assumes the liabilities, obligations and duties of the Company under this Agreement, either contractually or by operation of law. The Company further agree that, in the event of any disposition of their business and assets described in the preceding sentence, they shall use their best efforts to cause such assignee or transferee expressly to assume the liabilities, obligations and duties of the Company hereunder.
8.5 Entire Agreement . This Agreement, collectively with the Exhibits hereto and the Proprietary Information Agreement, represent the entire agreement of the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and shall supersede any and all previous contracts, arrangements, proposed terms or understandings between the Parties. This Agreement (including any of the Exhibits hereto) may be amended, modified or replaced at any time by mutual written agreement of the Parties. In the case of any conflict between any term or provision of this Agreement and any term or provision contained in any agreement, policy, plan, program, arrangement, employment manual, memorandum or other written document between or relating to the Company and the Executive or any rule of general applicability of the Company, this Agreement shall control and prevail.
8.6 Withholding . The payment of any amount pursuant to this Agreement shall be subject to applicable withholding and payroll taxes, and such other deductions as may be required by applicable law.
 
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8.7 Governing Law . This Agreement and the performance of the Parties hereunder shall be governed by the internal laws (and not the law of conflicts) of the State of New Jersey, unless superseded by federal law.
8.8 Arbitration . Any dispute or controversy, including, but not limited to, discrimination claims and claims involving a class, arising under or in connection with this Agreement or the Executive’s employment with the Company, other than injunctive relief under Section 6.7 hereof, shall be settled exclusively by arbitration, conducted before a single arbitrator in New Jersey (applying New Jersey law) in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules and Procedures of the American Arbitration Association then in effect. The decision of the arbitrator will be final and binding upon the Parties hereto. Judgment may be entered on the arbitrator’s award in any court having jurisdiction. The Parties acknowledge and agree that in connection with any such arbitration and regardless of outcome (a) each party shall pay all its own costs and expenses, including without limitation its own legal fees and expenses, and (b) joint expenses shall be borne equally among the Parties. EACH PARTY WAIVES RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY.
8.9 Section 409A of the Code .
8.9.1 General . It is intended that the provisions of this Agreement comply with Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code ”) and the regulations and guidance promulgated thereunder (collectively “ Code Section  409A ”), and all provisions of this Agreement shall be construed in a manner consistent with the requirements for avoiding taxes or penalties under Code Section 409A. If any provision of this Agreement (or of any award of compensation, including equity compensation or benefits) would cause the Executive to incur any additional tax or interest under Code Section 409A, the Company shall, upon the specific request of the Executive, use its reasonable business efforts to in good faith reform such provision to comply with Code Section 409A; provided, that to the maximum extent practicable, the original intent and economic benefit to the Parties of the applicable provision shall be maintained. The Company shall timely use its reasonable business efforts to amend any plan or program in which the Executive participates to bring it in compliance with Code Section 409A.
8.9.2 Separation from Service; Six-Month Delay . A termination of employment shall not be deemed to have occurred for purposes of any provision of this Agreement providing for the payment of any amounts or benefits upon or following a termination of employment unless such termination is also a “ Separation from Service ” within the meaning of Code Section 409A and, for purposes of any such provision of this Agreement, references to a “ resignation ,” “ termination ,” “ termination of employment ” or like terms shall mean Separation from Service. If the Executive is deemed on the Date of Termination to be a “ specified employee ,” within the meaning of that term under Section (a)(2)(B) of Code Section 409A (“ Code Section  409(a)(2)(B) ”) and using the identification methodology selected by the Company, as applicable, from time to time, or if none, the default methodology, then with regard to any payment, the providing of any benefit or any distribution of equity made subject to this Section 8.10.2, to the extent required to be delayed in compliance with Code Section 409A(a)(2)(B), and any other payment, the provision of any other benefit or any other distribution of equity that is required to be delayed in compliance with Code Section
 
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409A(a)(2)(B), such payment, benefit or distribution shall not be made or provided prior to the earlier of (i) the expiration of the six-month period measured from the date of the Executive’s Separation from Service or (ii) the date of the Executive’s death. On the first day of the seventh month following the date of the Executive’s Separation from Service or, if earlier, on the date of his death, (x) all payments delayed pursuant to this Section 8.10.2 (whether they would have otherwise been payable in a single sum or in installments in the absence of such delay) shall be paid or reimbursed to the Executive in a lump sum, and any remaining payments and benefits due under this Agreement shall be paid or provided in accordance with the normal payment dates specified for them herein and (y) all distributions of equity delayed pursuant to this Section 8.10.2 shall be made to the Executive. In addition to the foregoing, to the extent required by Code Section 409A(a)(2)(B), prior to the occurrence of both a Disability termination as provided in Section 4.1.2 hereof and the Executive’s becoming “disabled” under Code Section 409A, the payment of any compensation to the Executive under this Agreement shall be suspended for a period of six months commencing at such time that the Executive shall be deemed to have had a Separation from Service because either (A) a sick leave ceases to be a bona fide sick leave of absence, or (B) the permitted time period for a sick leave of absence expires (an “ SFS Disability ”), without regard to whether such SFS Disability actually results in a Disability termination. Promptly following the expiration of such six-month period, all compensation suspended pursuant to the foregoing sentence (whether it would have otherwise been payable in a single sum or in installments in the absence of such suspension) shall be paid or reimbursed to the Executive in a lump sum. On any delayed payment date under this Section 8.10.2, there shall be paid to the Executive or, if the Executive has died, to his estate, in a single cash lump sum together with the payment of such delayed payment, interest on the aggregate amount of such delayed payment at the Delayed Payment Interest Rate (as defined below) computed from the date on which such delayed payment otherwise would have been made to the Executive until the date paid. For purposes of the foregoing, the “ Delayed Payment Interest Rate ” shall mean the prime interest rate as reported in The Wall Street Journal as of the business day immediately preceding the payment date for the applicable delayed payment.
8.9.3 Expense Reimbursement . With regard to any provision herein that provides for reimbursement of costs and expenses or in-kind benefits, except as permitted by Code Section 409A, (i) the right to reimbursement or in-kind benefits shall not be subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit, (ii) the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in-kind benefits, provided during any taxable year shall not affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in-kind benefits to be provided, in any other taxable year, provided that the foregoing clause (ii) shall not be violated with regard to expenses reimbursed under any arrangement covered by Section 105(b) of the Internal Revenue Code and the regulations and guidance promulgated thereunder solely because such expenses are subject to a limit related to the period the arrangement is in effect and (iii) such payments shall be made on or before the last day of the Executive’s taxable year following the taxable year in which the expense was incurred.
8.10 Consultants/Attorney’s Fees . The Company shall promptly pay directly or reimburse the Executive for all consultants and attorneys’ fees, disbursements and costs incurred by the Executive in connection with the negotiation, preparation and execution of this Agreement, which in the aggregate shall not exceed $20,000.
 
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8.11 Survivorship . Except as otherwise expressly set forth in this Agreement, upon the expiration of the Term, the respective rights and obligations of the Parties shall survive such expiration to the extent necessary to carry out the intentions of the Parties as embodied in this Agreement. This Agreement shall continue in effect until there are no further rights or obligations of the Parties outstanding hereunder and shall not be terminated by either party without the express prior written consent of all Parties.
8.12 Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in counterparts (including by electronic transmission) which, when taken together, shall constitute one and the same agreement of the Parties.
8.13 Company Representations . As of the Effective Date, the Company represents and warrants to the Executive that (i) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement (and the agreements referred to herein) by the Company has been fully and validly authorized by all necessary corporate action, (ii) the officer or director signing this Agreement on behalf of the Company is duly authorized to do so, (iii) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement does not violate any applicable law, regulation, order, judgment or decree or any agreement, plan or corporate governance document to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound and (iv) upon execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Executive and the Company, it shall be a valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except to the extent that enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally.
[Signature Page Follows]
 
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Amneal and Holdings have caused this Agreement to be duly executed and the Executive has hereunto set his hand, as of the date first set forth above.

Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC	

By:	 	/s/ Chirag Patel	
Name: Chirag Patel	
Title: Co-CEO & Chairman	
	
Atlas Holdings, Inc.	

By:	 	/s/ Paul M. Bisaro	
			
Name:	 	Paul M. Bisaro	
Title:	 	Chief Executive Officer and President	
	
/s/ Robert A. Stewart	
Robert A. Stewart	
Signature Page to Employment Agreement

Exhibit A
(To be signed on or within 50 days after termination. Please do not sign before the date of termination.)
RELEASE AGREEMENT
(Age 40 or Older)
In exchange for my receipt of the severance payments and benefits set forth in Sections 4.4.2 and 4.4.3 of my Employment Agreement, dated [            ], 201[7] (as amended, my “ Employment Agreement ”), with Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC (the “ Company ”) [and Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“ Parent ”)], and for other valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, I do hereby release and forever discharge the “ Releasees ” hereunder, consisting of the Company [and Parent], and each of their subsidiaries and affiliates, and, in their capacity as such, each of their predecessors, successors, partners, directors, officers, employees, attorneys and agents, of and from any and all manner of action or actions, cause or causes of action, in law or in equity, suits, debts, liens, contracts, agreements, promises, liability, claims, demands, damages, losses, costs, attorneys’ fees or expenses, of any nature whatsoever, known or unknown, fixed or contingent, in connection with or arising under my employment with the Company [Parent] (hereinafter called “ Claims ”), which I now have or have ever had against the Releasees, or any of them, by reason of any matter, cause, or thing whatsoever from the beginning of time to the date I sign this Release Agreement. The Claims released herein include, but are not limited to: (1) all claims arising out of or in any way related to my service or employment relationship with any of the Releasees or the termination of that relationship; (2) all claims related to my compensation or benefits from the any of the Releasees, including salary, bonuses, commissions, Paid Time Off, expense reimbursements, severance pay, fringe benefits, stock, stock options, or any other ownership interests in [Parent,] the Company or any of their respective subsidiaries and affiliates (collectively, the “ Group Entities ”); (3) all claims for breach of contract, wrongful termination, and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing; (4) all tort claims, including claims for fraud, defamation, emotional distress, and discharge in violation of public policy; and (5) all federal, state, and local statutory claims, including (without limitation) claims for discrimination, harassment, retaliation, attorneys’ fees, and other claims arising under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, as amended (the “ ADEA ”); Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended; the Equal Pay Act; the Civil Rights Act of 1866; the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, as amended; the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended; the False Claims Act, as amended; the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, as amended; the Fair Labor Standards Act, as amended; the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; the Worker Adjustment Notification and Retraining Act; the New Jersey Law Against Discrimination; the New Jersey Conscientious Employee Protection Act; the New Jersey Family Leave Act; the New Jersey Wage Payment Law; the New Jersey Wage and Hour Law; the New Jersey Equal Pay Act; and retaliation claims under the New Jersey Workers’ Compensation Law.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Release Agreement shall not be construed in any way to release any Claim (i) to payments and benefits under Section 4.4.2 and 4.4.3 of my Employment Agreement, (ii) to accrued or vested benefits I may have, if any, as of the date

hereof under any applicable plan, policy, practice, program, contract or agreement with any Group Entity, (iii) for indemnification and/or advancement of expenses, arising under any indemnification agreement between me and any Group Entity or under the bylaws, certificate of incorporation or other similar governing document of any Group Entity, (iv) to any rights or benefits that may not be waived pursuant to applicable law, including, without limitation, any right to unemployment insurance benefits, (v) that arises after the date I execute this Release Agreement, or (vi) to my right to communicate directly with, cooperate with, or provide information to, any federal, state or local government regulator.
For the avoidance of doubt, nothing in this Release will be construed to prohibit me from filing a charge with, reporting possible violations to, or participating or cooperating with any governmental agency or entity, including but not limited to the EEOC, the Department of Justice, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the National Labor Relations Board, Congress, or any agency Inspector General, or making other disclosures that are protected under the whistleblower, anti-discrimination, or anti-retaliation provisions of federal, state or local law or regulation; provided, however , that I may not disclose information of the Releasees that is protected by the attorney-client privilege, except as otherwise required by law. I do not need the prior authorization of the applicable Releasee to make any such reports or disclosures, and I am not required to notify the applicable Releasee that I have made such reports or disclosures.
I acknowledge that I am knowingly and voluntarily waiving and releasing any rights I may have under the ADEA, and that the consideration given under my Employment Agreement for the waiver and release I am providing herein is in addition to anything of value to which I was already entitled. I further acknowledge that I have been advised by this writing, as required by the ADEA, that: (a) my waiver and release do not apply to any rights or claims that may arise after the date I sign this Release Agreement; (b) I should consult with an attorney prior to signing this Release Agreement (although I may choose voluntarily not to do so); (c) I have forty-five (45) days to consider this Release Agreement (although I may choose voluntarily to sign this Release Agreement before the end of the 45-day period) and to return the signed Release Agreement to the Company; (d) I have seven (7) days following the date I sign this Release Agreement (the “ Revocation Period ”) to revoke the Release Agreement as described below; and (e) this Release Agreement shall not be effective until the date upon which the Revocation Period has expired, which shall be the eighth day after I sign this Release Agreement (the “ Effective Date ”). I understand and agree that if I choose to revoke this Release Agreement, I must deliver notice of such revocation in writing, by personal delivery, email or mail, to [NAME], [TITLE] (            @            .com) at the Company, [ADDRESS], no later than 5:00 p.m. Pacific Time on the last day of the Revocation Period. If mailed, the revocation must be properly addressed and postmarked no later than the last day of the Revocation Period.
I represent that I have no lawsuits, claims or actions pending in my name, or on behalf of myself or any other person or entity, against any of the Releasees. I agree that I will not voluntarily provide assistance, information or advice, directly or indirectly (including through agents or attorneys), to any person or entity in connection with any actual or potential claim or cause of action of any kind against the Releasees and I shall not induce or encourage any person or entity to do so, unless compelled or authorized to do so by law. Notwithstanding the foregoing, I retain the right to file a charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and equivalent federal, state and local agencies, and to cooperate with investigations by any such agencies.

I acknowledge and represent that I have not suffered any discrimination or harassment by any of the Releasees on account of race, gender, national origin, religion, marital or registered domestic partner status, sexual orientation, age, disability, veteran status, medical condition or any other characteristic protected by applicable law. I acknowledge and represent that I have not been denied any leave, benefits or rights to which I may have been entitled under the FMLA or any other federal or state law, and that I have not suffered any job-related wrongs or injuries for which I might be entitled to compensation or relief. I further acknowledge and represent that, other than the benefits that will be provided to me pursuant to Sections 4.4.2 and 4.4.3 of my Employment Agreement, I have been paid all wages, bonuses, compensation, benefits and other amounts that any of the Releasees has ever owed to me, and I am not entitled to any additional compensation, severance or benefits after the date on which my employment with the Group Entities terminated, with the sole exception of any benefit the right to which has vested under the express terms of a Group Entity benefit plan document.
In addition, I hereby acknowledge my continuing obligations under my Employee Confidentiality, Non-Solicitation and Ownership of Inventions Agreement with the Company and under Section 6 of the Employment Agreement, including (without limitation) my obligations not to use or disclose any proprietary or confidential information of the Group Entities. Notwithstanding anything herein or in my Employee Confidentiality, Non-Solicitation and Ownership of Inventions Agreement with the Company, I acknowledge and I agree that, pursuant to 18 USC Section 1833(b), I will not be held criminally or civilly liable under any federal or state trade secret law for the disclosure of a trade secret that is made: (i) in confidence to a federal, state, or local government official, either directly or indirectly, or to an attorney, and solely for the purpose of reporting or investigating a suspected violation of law; or (ii) in a complaint or other document filed in a lawsuit or other proceeding, if such filing is made under seal.
I agree that if I commence any suit arising out of, based upon, or relating to any of the Claims released under this Release Agreement, then I will pay to the Releasees, and each of them, in addition to any other damages caused to the Releasees thereby, all attorneys’ fees incurred by the Releasees in defending or otherwise responding to such suit; provided, that, this paragraph shall not apply with respect to any compulsory counterclaims within the meaning of Rule 13(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, asserted by me against the Releasees bringing claims against me.
I agree that if any provision of this Release Agreement is determined to be invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part, this determination will not affect any other provision of this Release Agreement and the provision in question shall be modified so as to be rendered enforceable in a manner consistent with the intent of the Parties insofar as possible under applicable law. I understand that this Release Agreement, together with my Employment Agreement, constitutes the complete, final and exclusive embodiment of the entire agreement between [Parent,] the Company and me with regard to the subject matter hereof. I am not relying on any promise or representation by [Parent or] the Company that is not expressly stated therein.

I acknowledge that in order for this Release Agreement to become effective, I must sign this Release Agreement and return it by email or mail to [NAME], [TITLE] (            @            .com) at the Company, [ADDRESS], on or within fifty (50) days after the date on which my employment terminated, and I must not exercise my right to revoke the Release Agreement as described above.
I have carefully read and fully understand this Release Agreement, and agree to be bound by its terms.

Printed Name:	 	 	
Signature:	 	 	
Date:	 	 	

Exhibit 10.8
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING
THIS MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING (“ MOU ”), is made and entered into as of the 16th day of December, 2017 (the “ Effective Date ”), by and among Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC (the “ Company ”), Paul M. Bisaro (“ Bisaro ”), Impax Laboratories, Inc. (“ Impax ”), Amneal Holdings, LLC (“ Amneal Holdings ”) (solely with respect to and in connection with its obligations set forth in Paragraph 1 of this MOU) and Atlas Holdings, Inc. (“ Atlas ”). The Company, Impax, Bisaro and Atlas may be referred to herein individually as a “party” and collectively as the “parties.”
WHEREAS , the Company has entered into that certain Business Combination Agreement (the “ Business Combination Agreement ”), dated as of October 17, 2017, with, among others, Impax and Atlas, pursuant to which the following combination (the “ Combination ”) is expected to occur: Impax, following its conversion into a limited liability company, will become a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and Atlas, which will be renamed Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“ Parent ”);
WHEREAS , Bisaro currently serves as the Chief Executive Officer of Impax pursuant to that certain employment agreement entered into between Bisaro and Impax dated March 24, 2017 (the “ Existing Employment Agreement ”);
WHEREAS, on October 17, 2017, Bisaro executed a Waiver of the Good Reason, which is attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “ Waiver ”), whereby Bisaro agreed that the neither the Combination nor the Business Combination Agreement would constitute Good Reason under the Existing Employment Agreement;
WHEREAS, in consideration for the Waiver, the parties are entering into this MOU, to evidence their agreement that as of the closing of the Combination pursuant to the terms of the Combination Agreement (the “ Closing ”) Bisaro shall commence serving Parent as Executive Chairman and no later than immediately following the Closing, Bisaro and Parent shall enter into an employment agreement setting forth the terms and conditions for such service substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B (the “ Amneal Employment Agreement ”); and
WHEREAS , the parties anticipate that the Closing will occur prior to December 31, 2018.
NOW THEREFORE , in consideration of the mutual promises between the parties and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereby agree as follows:
1. Combination and Employment. The parties represent and warrant that, subject to Bisaro continuing to serve as the Chief Executive Officer of Impax through the Closing and Robert Stewart commencing employment as Chief Executive Officer of Parent at the Closing, (a)

as of the Closing, Bisaro shall commence serving as the Executive Chairman of Parent, (b) no later than immediately following the Closing, Bisaro and Parent shall enter into the Amneal Employment Agreement, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B, and (c) upon the later of the Closing or the date the Amneal Employment Agreement is entered into, the Existing Employment Agreement shall terminate without triggering any right to severance thereunder. Bisaro and Parent shall each execute and deliver the Amneal Employment Agreement to the other party no later than immediately following the Closing, which execution and delivery shall in no event be more than thirty (30) days following the Closing. As of the Effective Date, Impax holds all of the voting stock of Parent and on or after the Closing, Amneal Holdings and Impax shall cause the board of directors of Parent to authorize and approve the Amneal Employment Agreement, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B, and shall further authorize the officers of Parent to fulfill the obligations designated to Parent under this MOU upon the terms and conditions set forth herein.
2. Term and Termination. The term of this MOU is twelve (12) months from its Effective Date. This MOU shall terminate upon the earliest of (a) the later of the Closing or the execution and delivery of the Amneal Employment Agreement by each of Parent and Bisaro, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B ; or (b) twelve (12) months from the date first set forth above.
3. Impax Employment Agreement. The Existing Employment Agreement shall remain in full force and effect, subject to the Waiver, until the termination of this MOU under Paragraph 2(a) above. In the event of the termination of the MOU under Paragraph 2(b), the Existing Employment Agreement shall remain in full force and effect after termination of the MOU according to its original provisions. In the event of a termination of the MOU under Paragraph 2(a) above, Bisaro agrees to execute such other documents as shall be reasonably determined necessary or appropriate by Parent to evidence the termination of the Existing Employment Agreement without triggering any severance obligations thereunder. Notwithstanding the above, all payments, salary, bonuses, benefits or options which were earned or vested but unpaid prior to termination of the Existing Employment Agreement shall be paid or provided to Bisaro within ten (10) days of the termination of the Existing Employment Agreement. Notwithstanding the above, the Stock Option Agreement between Impax and Bisaro shall continue to be in full force and effect, without modification, notwithstanding the termination of the MOU or the Existing Employment Agreement.
4. Governing Law . This MOU shall be governed and has been constructed in accordance with the laws of the State of New Jersey without application of any conflict of laws or choice of law provision.
(Signatures on following page)
 
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this MOU as of the date indicated.

Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC	
		
By:	 	/s/ Chirag Patel	
Name:	 	Chirag Patel	
Title:	 	Manager	
	
Impax Laboratories, Inc.	
		
By:	 	/s/ Bryan M. Reasons	
Name:	 	Bryan M. Reasons	
Title:	 	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	
	
Amneal Holdings, LLC	
		
By:	 	/s/ Chirag Patel	
Name:	 	Chirag Patel	
Title:	 	Manager	
	
Atlas Holdings, Inc.	
		
By:	 	/s/ Bryan M. Reasons	
Name:	 	Bryan M. Reasons	
Title:	 	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	
	
/s/ Paul M. Bisaro	
Paul M. Bisaro	
 
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Exhibit A
Waiver
(attached)

Private and Confidential
October 17, 2017
Paul M. Bisaro
[Redacted]
Dear Paul,
Reference is made to (1) that certain Business Combination Agreement, dated as of October 17, 2017 (the “ Business Combination Agreement ”), by and among Impax Laboratories, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), Atlas Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned Subsidiary of Impax (“ Holdco ”), K2 Merger Sub Corporation, a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned Subsidiary of Holdco (“ Merger Sub ”) and Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ Amneal ”) and (2) that certain Employment Agreement, dated as of March 24, 2017 (the “ Employment Agreement ”), between yourself and the Company.
You hereby acknowledge and agree that neither (i) the execution of the Business Combination Agreement by Impax or its adoption by the stockholders of Impax nor (ii) the consummation of the Transactions or the occurrence of the Closing (as such terms are defined in the Business Combination Agreement) shall constitute “Good Reason” solely for purposes of clause (ix) of the definition of “Good Reason” in your Employment Agreement.
[Signature Page Follows]

 	 	 	
Impax Laboratories
100 Somerset Corporate Boulevard, Suite 3000
Bridgewater, N.J. 08807
732.595.4600 Phone
732.595.4753 Fax	 	CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS:
30831 Huntwood Avenue, Hayward CA 94544
510.240.6000 Phone
510.240.6096 Fax	  	www.impaxlabs.com	

Sincerely,

/s/ Bryan M. Reasons	
Bryan M. Reasons	
SVP, Finance and Chief Financial Officer	
Impax Laboratories, Inc.	
Acknowledged and agreed,

/s/ Paul M. Bisaro	
Paul M. Bisaro	
	
October 17, 2017	
Date	

Exhibit B
Amneal Employment Agreement
(attached)

EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
This EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (“ Agreement ”) is entered into as of [●] (the “ Effective Date ”), by and between Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“ Amneal ”) and Paul M. Bisaro (the “ Executive ”).
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, The Executive currently serves as the Chief Executive Officer of Impax Laboratories, Inc. (“ Impax ”) pursuant to that certain employment agreement entered into between the Executive and Impax dated March 24, 2017 (the “ Existing Employment Agreement ”);
WHEREAS, Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC (the “ Company ”), Impax and Atlas Holdings, Inc. entered into a Business Combination Agreement dated as of October 17, 2017 pursuant to which Impax, following its conversion into a limited liability company, became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and Atlas Holdings, Inc., which was renamed Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc.;
WHEREAS, the Executive possesses unique personal knowledge, experience and expertise;
WHEREAS, upon execution of this Agreement, the Executive shall cease to serve Impax as Chief Executive Officer, the Existing Employment Agreement shall terminate without triggering any severance thereunder and the Executive shall commence serving Amneal as Executive Chairman pursuant to the terms and conditions of this Agreement; and
WHEREAS, Amneal and the Executive desire to enter into this Agreement as to the terms and conditions of the Executive’s service to Amneal.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the covenants and agreements hereinafter set forth and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:
 
1.	EMPLOYMENT AND DUTIES	
1.1 Term of Employment . Subject to Section 8.2 below, the Executive’s initial term of employment under this Agreement shall commence on the Effective Date and shall continue until the third anniversary of the Effective Date (the “ Initial Term ”), unless further extended or earlier terminated as provided in this Agreement. This Agreement will automatically be renewed for single one-year periods unless written notice of non-renewal (a “ Non-Renewal Notice ”) is provided by any party at least 90 days prior to the end of the Initial Term or the successive one-year period then in effect or unless earlier terminated as provided in this Agreement. Neither non-renewal of this Agreement for additional periods after the second anniversary of the Closing, nor expiration of this Agreement as a result of such non-renewal, shall, by itself, result in termination of the Executive’s employment. The period of time between the Closing and the termination of the Executive’s employment under this Agreement or the expiration of this Agreement, whichever is earlier, shall be referred to herein as the “ Term. ”
 
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1.2 General .
1.2.1 Subject to the terms set forth herein, effective as of the Closing, the Executive shall serve as the Executive Chairman of Amneal and shall have the authorities, duties and responsibilities as are usual and customary for such position or are prescribed by Amneal’s bylaws and as may from time to time be delegated to him by the board of directors of Amneal (the “ Board ”), which include but are limited to the following: [INSERT LIST OF DUTIES].
1.2.2 As of the Effective Date, Executive shall serve as a director of the Board. Thereafter, during the Term, at each applicable annual meeting of Amneal’s stockholders, the Board, subject to its fiduciary duties, shall nominate and recommend the election of the Executive by Amneal’s stockholders as a director. Upon termination of the Executive’s employment for any reason under this Agreement or upon the expiration of the Term of this Agreement, the Executive shall resign immediately upon request of the Board from all officer and director positions held by him with Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries. For purposes of this Agreement, the term “ Subsidiaries ” shall mean any entity with voting equity securities that are more than 50% controlled by Amneal as the parent company or the holding company.
1.2.3 The Executive shall faithfully and diligently discharge his duties hereunder and use his best efforts to implement the policies established from time to time by the Board. The Executive shall devote all of his business time, attention, knowledge and skills faithfully, diligently and to the best of his ability, in furtherance of the business and activities of Amneal; provided , however , that nothing in this Agreement shall preclude the Executive from devoting reasonable periods of time required for:
(i) serving as a director or member of a committee, in each case, in a non-lead, non-chair role, of up to two (2) publicly traded corporations and up to one (1) private organization or corporation, in each case, that does not, in the good faith determination of the Board, compete with Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries or otherwise create, or could create, in the good faith determination of the Board a conflict of interest with the business of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries;
(ii) delivering lectures, fulfilling speaking engagements, and any writing or publication relating to his area of expertise; provided , however , that any fees, royalties or honorariums received therefrom shall be promptly turned over to Amneal;
(iii) engaging in professional organization and program activities;
(iv) managing his personal passive investments and affairs; and
(v) participating in charitable or community affairs;
 
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provided that such activities do not materially, individually or in the aggregate, interfere with the performance of his duties and responsibilities under this Agreement or create a conflict of interest with the business of Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries as determined in good faith by the Board. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Executive shall be permitted to continue to serve on the boards of directors upon which he serves as of the Effective Date, provided, that he takes all reasonably necessary actions to terminate any such service that violates this Section 1.2.3 on or prior to the three-month anniversary of the Effective Date and in the interim, shall cooperate with the Board to limit any interference, conflict or violation.
1.3 Reimbursement of Expenses . Amneal shall reimburse the Executive for all reasonable, documented, out-of-pocket travel and other business expenses incurred by the Executive in the performance of the Executive’s duties to Amneal in accordance with Amneal’s applicable expense reimbursement policies and procedures as are in effect from time to time. To the extent any such reimbursements (and any other reimbursements of costs and expenses provided for herein) are includable in the Executive’s gross income for Federal income tax purposes, all such reimbursements shall be made no later than March 15 of the calendar year next following the calendar year in which the expenses to be reimbursed are incurred.
 
2.	COMPENSATION	
2.1 Base Salary . During the Term, the Executive shall be entitled to receive a base salary at the annual rate of $750,000, subject to increase, or decrease, only if salary decreases are concurrently implemented across the senior executives of Amneal as determined by the Board or the Compensation Committee of the Board from time to time in its discretion, payable in accordance with the payroll practices of Amneal (the “ Base Salary ”).
2.2 Incentive Bonuses . During the Term, the Executive shall be eligible to receive an annual bonus targeted at 100% of the Executive’s Base Salary (the “ Incentive Bonus ”) under the annual incentive program adopted by the Board, as may be amended from time to time. Such bonus shall be paid within 2-1/2 months following the end of the calendar year to which it relates. The amount of Incentive Bonus payable for any year shall be based on the achievement of performance objectives established by the Board, as determined in its discretion, and, based on achievement, may be between zero and 150% of the Executive’s Base Salary. The Incentive Bonus will be prorated for the Executive’s initial year of employment. The Executive must be employed by Amneal through the date of payment of any Incentive Bonus in order to remain eligible for such Incentive Bonus.
2.3 Equity Awards .
2.3.1 Stock Option Grant . On, or as promptly as practicable following, the Effective Date, but no later than 30 days immediately following the Effective Date, Amneal shall grant to the Executive an option to purchase (the “ Initial Option ”) that number of shares of Amneal common stock necessary for the Initial Option to have a grant date fair value of $3,000,000. The per share exercise price of the Initial Option shall be equal to the
 
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per share fair market value of Amneal’s common stock on the date of grant. The Initial Option shall vest and become exercisable with respect to 25% of the total number of shares subject to the Initial Option on each of the first four anniversaries of the Effective Date, subject to the Executive’s continuous service to Amneal through the applicable vesting date. The Initial Option shall otherwise be subject to the terms of the plan pursuant to which it is granted and an award agreement to be entered into between the Executive and Amneal.
2.3.2 Initial Restricted Stock Units . On, or as promptly as practicable following, the Effective Date, but no later than 30 days immediately following the Effective Date, Amneal shall grant to the Executive an award of restricted stock units (the “ Initial RSUs ”) having a grant date fair value equal to $1,500,000. The Initial RSUs will vest in respect of 25% of the total number of Initial RSUs on each of the first four anniversaries of the Effective Date, subject to the Executive’s continuous services to Amneal through the applicable vesting date. The Initial RSUs shall otherwise be subject to the terms of the plan pursuant to which they are granted and an award agreement to be entered into between the Executive and Amneal.
2.3.3 Future Equity Awards . During the term of this Agreement, the Executive will be eligible to receive additional stock options, restricted stock units and other equity incentive grants as determined by the Board in its sole discretion.
2.4 Additional Compensation . During the Term, in addition to the foregoing, the Executive shall be eligible to (i) receive such other compensation as may from time to time be awarded him by the Board or the Compensation Committee of the Board; and (ii) participate and receive compensation from other bonus, incentive, performance awards and similar programs or compensation that is offered to other executives of Amneal.
 
3.	EMPLOYEE BENEFITS	
During the Term, the Executive shall be entitled to paid time off generally made available to executive personnel of Amneal and to participate in and have the benefit of all group life, disability, hospital, surgical and major medical insurance plans and programs and other employee benefit plans and programs as generally are made available to executive personnel of Amneal, as such benefit plans or programs may be amended or terminated in the sole discretion of the Board or the Compensation Committee of the Board, from time to time. The Executive shall accrue up to twenty (20) days paid time off each calendar year which will accrue in accordance with the Amneal’s employment policies and procedures, including in respect of any accrual caps.
 
4.	TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT	
4.1 General . The Executive’s employment under this Agreement may be terminated without any breach of this Agreement only on the following circumstances:
4.1.1 Death . The Executive’s employment under this Agreement shall terminate upon his death.
4.1.2 Disability . If the Executive suffers a Disability (as defined below),
 
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the Board may terminate the Executive’s employment under this Agreement upon 30 days prior written notice; provided that the Executive has not returned to full time performance of his duties during such 30-day period. For purposes of this Agreement, “Disability” shall mean the Executive’s inability to perform his duties and responsibilities hereunder, with or without reasonable accommodation, due to any physical or mental illness or incapacity, which condition either (i) has continued for a period of 180 days (including weekends and holidays) in any consecutive 365-day period, or (ii) is projected by the Board in good faith after consulting with a doctor selected by the Board and consented to by the Executive (or, in the event of the Executive’s incapacity, his legal representative), such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, that the condition is likely to continue for a period of at least six consecutive months from its commencement.
4.1.3 Good Reason . The Executive may terminate his employment under this Agreement for Good Reason (as defined below) at any time on or prior to the 60 th day after the occurrence of any of the Good Reason events set forth below. For purposes of this Agreement, “ Good Reason ” shall mean the occurrence of any of the following events without the Executive’s consent:
(i) any action or inaction by Amneal constituting a material breach of the Agreement by Amneal;
(ii) a material diminution of the authorities, duties or responsibilities of the Executive set forth in Section 1.2 above or a failure to appoint Executive to the Board (other than temporarily while the Executive is physically or mentally incapacitated and unable to properly perform such duties, as determined by the Board in good faith);
(iii) the loss of any of the titles of the Executive with Amneal set forth in Section 1.2 above or a change in the primary office location where Executive provides the majority of his services that is fifty (50) or more miles from the current location, which is 400 Crossing Boulevard, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807;
(iv) a material reduction by Amneal in the Base Salary or in any of the percentages of the Base Salary payable as an Incentive Bonus, but, except in the case of a reduction following a Change in Control (as defined below), not including a reduction in the Base Salary or in any of the percentages of the Base Salary payable as an Incentive Bonus which is consistent with the reduction in the Base Salary or in any of the percentages of the Base Salary payable as an Incentive Bonus imposed on all senior executives of Amneal;
(v) the assignment to the Executive of duties or responsibilities that are negatively and materially inconsistent with any of his duties and responsibilities set forth in Section 1.2 hereof;
(vi) the delivery by the Board to the Executive of a Non-Renewal Notice in accordance with Section 1.1; or
(vii) a material change in the reporting structure set forth in Section 1.2.1 hereof.
 
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Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Executive shall not be deemed to have Good Reason under this Section 4.1.3 unless, Executive provides written notice to the Board of the occurrence of an event constituting Good Reason within 30 days of its initial occurrence, the Board shall fail to cure such event constituting Good Reason within 30 days following its receipt of such written notice and the Executive’s resignation on account of Good Reason is effective within 30 days following the end of the Board’s 30-day cure period.
4.1.4 Without Good Reason . The Executive may voluntarily terminate his employment under this Agreement without Good Reason upon written notice by the Executive to the Board at least 60 days prior to the effective date of such termination (which termination the Board may, in its sole discretion, make effective earlier than the date set forth in the Notice of Termination (as defined below)).
4.1.5 Cause . The Board may terminate the Executive’s employment under this Agreement at any time for Cause (as defined below). For purposes of this Agreement, termination for “ Cause ” shall mean any of the following as determined in good faith by the Board:
(i) the willful and continued failure by the Executive to substantially perform his obligations under this Agreement (other than any such failure resulting from the Executive’s incapacity due to a Disability); provided , however , that the Board shall have provided the Executive with a Notice of Termination specifying such failure and the Executive shall have been afforded at least 15 business days within which to cure same;
(ii) the indictment of the Executive for, or his conviction of or plea of guilty or nolo contendere to, a felony or any other crime involving moral turpitude or dishonesty;
(iii) the Executive’s willful misconduct in the performance of his duties hereunder (including theft, fraud, embezzlement, and securities law violations);
(iv) the Executive’s violation of Amneal’s Code of Conduct or other written policies, which is attached hereto as Exhibit A ; provided , however , that the Board shall have provided the Executive with a Notice of Termination specifying such failure and the Executive shall have been afforded at least 15 business days within which to cure same; or
(v) the Executive’s willful misconduct (including theft, fraud, embezzlement, and securities law violations) that is actually or potentially materially injurious to Amneal or its Subsidiaries in the Board’s reasonable business judgment, monetarily or otherwise.
For purposes of this Section 4.1.5, no act or failure to act on the part of the Executive shall be considered “ willful ,” unless done, or omitted to be done, without reasonable belief that his action or omission was in, or not opposed to, the best interest of Amneal (including their reputation).
 
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Prior to any termination for Cause, the Board shall provide the Executive with a Notice of Termination specifying the event constituting Cause and shall give the Executive the opportunity to appear before the Board to present his views on the Cause event. If, after such hearing, a majority of the full Board (excluding the Executive) does not support such termination, the Notice of Termination shall be rescinded. After providing the notice in the foregoing sentence, the Board may suspend the Executive with full pay and benefits until a final determination pursuant to this Section has been made.
4.1.6 Without Cause . The Board may terminate the Executive’s employment under this Agreement without Cause immediately upon written notice by the Board to the Executive, other than for death or Disability.
4.1.7 Definition of Change in Control . For purposes of this Agreement, a “ Change in Control ” shall be deemed to occur upon any of the following events that occurs after the Closing, provided that such an event constitutes a “change in control event” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code (as defined below): (a) any “ person ” as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”) (other than Amneal, any trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under any employee benefit plan of Amneal, or any company owned, directly or indirectly, by the stockholders of Amneal in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the equity securities of Amneal), becoming the beneficial owner (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of equity securities of Amneal representing more than 50% of the combined voting power of Amneal’s then outstanding equity securities; (b) during any period of 12 consecutive months, the individuals who, at the beginning of such period, constitute the Board, and any new director whose election by the Board or nomination for election by Amneal’s equity holders was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the directors then still in office who either were directors at the beginning of the 12-month period (or the Closing if later than such date) or whose election or nomination for election was previously so approved, cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board; (c) a merger or consolidation of Amneal with any other corporation or other entity, other than a merger or consolidation that would result in the voting securities of Amneal outstanding immediately prior thereto (and held by persons that are not affiliates of the acquirer) continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting securities of the surviving entity) more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of Amneal or such surviving entity outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation; provided , however , that a merger or consolidation effected to implement a recapitalization of Amneal (or similar transaction) in which no person (other than those covered by the exceptions in clause (a) of this Section 4.1.7) acquires more than 50% of the combined voting power of Amneal’s then outstanding securities shall not constitute a Change in Control; or (d) the consummation of a sale or other disposition by Amneal of all or substantially all Amneal’s assets, including a liquidation, other than the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of Amneal to a person or persons who beneficially own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the combined voting power of the outstanding voting securities of Amneal immediately prior to the time of the sale or other disposition. For the avoidance of doubt, the Combination Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereunder shall not constitute a Change in Control under this Agreement.
 
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4.2 Notice of Termination . Any termination of the Executive’s employment by Amneal (other than termination by reason of the Executive’s death) shall be communicated by written Notice of Termination to the other party of this Agreement. For purposes of this Agreement, a “ Notice of Termination ” shall mean a written notice which shall indicate the specific termination provision in this Agreement relied upon and, other than with respect to a termination pursuant to Section 4.1.6 hereof, shall set forth in reasonable detail the facts and circumstances claimed to provide the basis for such termination.
4.3 Date of Termination . The “ Date of Termination ” shall mean (a) if the termination is the result of the Executive’s death, the date of his death, (b) if the termination is pursuant to Section 4.1.2 hereof, 30 days after the Notice of Termination is given (provided that the Executive shall not have returned to the performance of his duties on a full-time basis during such 30-day period), (c) if the termination is pursuant to Section 4.1.3 or Section 4.1.5 hereof, the date specified in the Notice of Termination after the expiration of any applicable cure period, (d) if the termination is pursuant to Section 4.1.4 hereof, the date specified in the Notice of Termination which shall be at least 60 days after the Notice of Termination is given, or such earlier date as the Board shall determine in its sole discretion, and (e) if the termination is pursuant to Section 4.1.6 hereof, the date on which the Notice of Termination is given.
4.4 Compensation Upon Termination .
4.4.1 Termination for Cause or without Good Reason . If the Executive’s employment shall be terminated by the Board for Cause or by the Executive without Good Reason, the Executive shall receive from Amneal: (a) any earned but unpaid Base Salary through the Date of Termination, paid in accordance with Amneal’s standard payroll practices; (b) reimbursement for any unreimbursed expenses properly incurred and paid in accordance with Section 1.3 hereof through the Date of Termination; (c) payment for any accrued but unused vacation time in accordance with Amneal’s policy; (d) all equity awards previously granted to the Executive that have vested in accordance with the terms of such grants; and (e) such vested accrued benefits, and other payments, if any, as to which the Executive (and his eligible dependents) may be entitled under, and in accordance with the terms and conditions of, the employee benefit arrangements, plans and programs of Amneal as of the Date of Termination, other than any severance pay plan (such amounts and benefits set forth in clauses (a) though (e) being referred to hereinafter as the “ Amounts and Benefits ”), and Amneal shall have no further obligation with respect to this Agreement other than as provided in Sections 5, 6.5 and 7 hereof. Any equity awards previously granted to the Executive that have not vested in accordance with the terms of their grants as of the Date of Termination shall be forfeited as of the Date of Termination.
4.4.2 Termination Apart from a Change in Control . If, at any time prior to the expiration of the Term and other than during a Change in Control Period (as defined below), the Executive resigns from his employment hereunder for Good Reason, or the Board terminates the Executive’s employment hereunder without Cause, then Amneal shall pay or provide the Executive the Amounts and Benefits and, subject to Section 4.4.5, a severance payment as follows:
 
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(i) an amount equal to two times the Base Salary as then in effect (without taking into account any reduction therein that constitutes a basis for Good Reason), with the aggregate amount due paid in equal installments on Amneal’s normal payroll dates for a period of 12 months from the Date of Termination in accordance with the normal payroll practices of Amneal, with each such payment deemed to be a separate payment for the purposes of Section 409A of the Code;
(ii) During the period commencing on the Date of Termination and ending as of the second anniversary of the Date of Termination, or, if earlier, the date on which the Executive becomes eligible for comparable replacement coverage under a subsequent employer’s group health plan (in any case, the “ COBRA Period ”), subject to the Executive’s valid election to continue healthcare coverage under Section 4980B of the Code and the regulations thereunder, Amneal shall, in its sole discretion, either (A) continue to provide to the Executive and the Executive’s dependents, at Amneal’s sole expense, or (B) reimburse the Executive and the Executive’s dependents for coverage under its group health plan (if any) at the same levels in effect on the Date of Termination; provided, however , that if (1) any plan pursuant to which such benefits are provided is not, or ceases prior to the expiration of the continuation coverage period to be, exempt from the application of Section 409A under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(a)(5), (2) Amneal is otherwise unable to continue to cover the Executive or the Executive’s dependents under its group health plans, or (3) Amneal cannot provide the benefit without violating applicable law (including, without limitation, Section 2716 of the Public Health Service Act), then, in any such case, an amount equal to each remaining subsidy shall thereafter be paid to the Executive in substantially equal monthly installments over the COBRA Period (or remaining portion thereof); and
(iii) the vesting, and if applicable, exercisability of each outstanding equity award granted to the Executive by Amneal shall accelerate in respect of that number of shares of Amneal common stock (or other equity securities) that would have vested had the Executive’s employment with Amneal continued through the first anniversary of the Date of Termination, and any such stock options, notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in the option agreement or the plan pursuant to which the option was granted, shall remain exercisable for a period of 12 months following the Date of Termination or, if earlier, until the original expiration date of the option.
4.4.3 Termination Following Change in Control . Anything contained herein to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event the Executive resigns from his employment hereunder for Good Reason, the Board terminates the Executive’s employment hereunder without Cause or Executive’s employment terminates by reason of death or Disability, in each case, within the period commencing three months prior to a Change in Control and ending 24 months following the Change in Control (a “ Change in Control Period ”), then, in lieu of any amount otherwise payable pursuant to Section 4.4.2, Amneal shall pay or provide the Executive the Amounts and Benefits and, subject to Section 4.4.5, a severance payment as follows:
(i) an amount equal to the sum of (x) two times the Base Salary as
 
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then in effect (without taking into account any reduction therein that constitutes a basis for Good Reason), plus (y) an amount equal to two times the Executive’s target Incentive Bonus as then in effect (without taking into account any reduction therein that constitutes a basis for Good Reason), with the aggregate amount due paid in equal installments on Amneal’s normal payroll dates for a period of 12 months from the Date of Termination in accordance with the normal payroll practices of Amneal, with each such payment deemed to be a separate payment for the purposes of Section 409A of the Code; provided, however, that all or a portion of the severance payable under this Section 4.4.3(i) shall instead be paid in a lump sum on the 60th day following the date of the Executive’s “separation from service” (within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code) to the extent that such lump sum payment would not result in any additional excise tax or tax penalties under Section 409A of the Code;
(ii) During the COBRA Period, subject to the Executive’s valid election to continue healthcare coverage under Section 4980B of the Code and the regulations thereunder, Amneal shall, in its sole discretion, either (A) continue to provide to the Executive and the Executive’s dependents, at Amneal’s sole expense, or (B) reimburse the Executive and the Executive’s dependents for coverage under its group health plan (if any) at the same levels in effect on the Date of Termination; provided, however , that if (1) any plan pursuant to which such benefits are provided is not, or ceases prior to the expiration of the continuation coverage period to be, exempt from the application of Section 409A under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(a)(5), (2) Amneal is otherwise unable to continue to cover the Executive or the Executive’s dependents under its group health plans, or (3) Amneal cannot provide the benefit without violating applicable law (including, without limitation, Section 2716 of the Public Health Service Act), then, in any such case, an amount equal to each remaining subsidy shall thereafter be paid to the Executive in substantially equal monthly installments over the COBRA Period (or remaining portion thereof); and
(iii) The vesting and, if applicable, exercisability of each equity award granted to the Executive by Amneal, including each stock option and restricted stock unit award, shall accelerate in respect of 100% of the shares of Amneal common stock subject thereto effective as of the Date of Termination, and any such stock options, notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in the option agreement or the plan pursuant to which the option was granted, shall remain exercisable for a period of 12 months following the Date of Termination or, if earlier, until the original expiration date of the option.
4.4.5 Termination upon Death . In the event of the Executive’s death, Amneal shall pay or provide to the Executive’s estate: (i) the Amounts and Benefits and (ii) a pro-rated Incentive Bonus based on actual performance paid at the same time other executives are paid their related bonuses. In addition, (A) all of the then unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units previously granted to the Executive by Amneal shall immediately become vested on the Date of Termination and any underlying shares shall be distributed to the Executive’s estate within 60 days of the Date of Termination and (B) the portion of the unvested stock options previously granted to the Executive by Amneal that are scheduled to vest in the calendar year of the Executive’s death shall immediately become vested and exercisable. After giving effect to the foregoing, any portion of the stock options that remain unvested on the Executive’s death shall be forfeited.
 
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4.4.6 Termination upon Disability . In the event Amneal terminates the Executive’s employment hereunder for reason of Disability, Amneal shall pay or provide to the Executive: (i) the Amounts and Benefits, (ii) a pro-rated Incentive Bonus based on actual performance paid at the same time other executives are paid their related bonuses and (iii) medical benefits for six months. In addition, subject to Section 4.4.8, (A) 50% of the unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units previously granted to the Executive by Amneal shall immediately become vested on the Date of Termination and any underlying shares shall be distributed to the Executive subject to Section 4.4.8 and (B) the portion of any unvested stock options previously granted to the Executive by Amneal that are scheduled to vest in the calendar year in which the Date of Termination occurs shall immediately become vested subject to Section 4.4.8. After giving effect to the foregoing, any portion of any restricted shares, restricted stock units and stock options that remain unvested on the certification following the Date of Termination shall be forfeited as of the Date of Termination.
4.4.7 No Mitigation or Offset . The Executive shall not be required to mitigate the amount of any payment provided for in this Section 4.4 by seeking other employment or otherwise, nor shall the amount of any payment provided for in this Section 4.4 be reduced by any compensation earned by the Executive as the result of employment by another employer or business or by profits earned by the Executive from any other source at any time before and after the Date of Termination.
4.4.8 Release . Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in this Agreement, Amneal’s obligation to pay or provide the Executive with the payments and benefits under Sections 4.4.2 and 4.4.3 (other than the Amounts and Benefits), and any accelerated vesting with respect to the equity awards under Section 4.4.3, shall be conditioned on the Executive’s execution and failure to revoke a waiver and general release in a form generally consistent with Exhibit B hereto (subject to such changes as may be necessary at the time of execution in order to make such release enforceable) (the “ Release ”). Amneal shall provide the Release to the Executive within seven days following the applicable Date of Termination. In order to receive the payments and benefits under Sections 4.4.2 and 4.4.3 (other than the Amounts and Benefits) and the accelerated vesting with respect to the equity awards under Section 4.4.3, the Executive will be required to execute and deliver the Release within 45 days after the date it is provided to him and not to revoke it within seven days following such execution and delivery. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, (i) all payments delayed pursuant to this Section, except to the extent delayed pursuant to Section 8.10.2, shall be paid to the Executive in a lump sum on the first payroll date on or following the 60th day after the Date of Termination, and any remaining payments due under this Agreement shall be paid or provided in accordance with the normal payment dates specified for them herein, with each such payment deemed to be a separate and distinct payment for the purposes of Section 409A of the Code and (ii) all accelerated vesting with respect to the equity awards delayed pursuant to this Section, except to the extent delayed pursuant to Section 8.10.2, shall be effected on the 60th day after the Date of Termination.
 
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5.	INSURABILITY; RIGHT TO INSURE	
Amneal shall have the right to maintain key man life insurance in its own name covering the Executive’s life in an amount of up to $50,000,000.00. The Executive shall fully cooperate in the procuring of such insurance, including submitting to any required medical examination and by completing, executing and delivering such applications and other instrument in writing as may be reasonably required by any insurance company to which application for insurance may be made by Amneal. Amneal’s ability to procure any key man life insurance covering Executive’s life shall not be a condition of employment.
 
6.	CONFIDENTIALITY; NON-COMPETITION; NON-SOLICITATION; NON-DISPARAGEMENT; COOPERATION	
6.1 Confidential Information . The Parties acknowledge that the services to be performed by the Executive under this Agreement are unique and extraordinary and, as a result of such employment, the Executive shall be in possession of Confidential Information (as defined below) relating to the business practices of Amneal and its Subsidiaries thereof. The term “Confidential Information” shall mean any and all information (oral and written) relating to Amneal and its Subsidiaries or any of their respective activities, or of the clients, customers or business practices of Amneal and its Subsidiaries, other than such information which (i) is generally available to the public or within the relevant trade or industry, other than as the result of breach of the provisions of this Section 6.1, or (ii) the Executive is required to disclose under any applicable laws, regulations or directives of any government agency, tribunal or authority having jurisdiction in the matter or under subpoena or other process of law. Confidential Information includes, but it not limited to, information that the Executive creates, develops, derives, obtains, makes known, or learns about which has commercial value in the business in which Amneal and its Subsidiaries is involved and which is treated by Amneal or its Subsidiaries as confidential, such as trade secrets, ideas, processes, formulas, compounds, compositions, research and clinical data, know-how, discoveries, developments, designs, innovations, plans, strategies, pricing, costs, financial information, employee information, forecasts and current and prospective customer and supplier lists. The Executive shall not, during the Term or at any time thereafter, except as may be required in the course of the performance of his duties hereunder (including pursuant to Section 6.6 below) and except with respect to any litigation or arbitration involving this Agreement, including the enforcement hereof, directly or indirectly, use, communicate, disclose or disseminate to any person, firm or corporation any Confidential Information acquired by the Executive during, or as a result of, his employment with Amneal, without the prior written consent of the Board. Without limiting the foregoing, the Executive understands that the Executive shall be prohibited from misappropriating any trade secret of Amneal or its Subsidiaries or of the clients or customers of Amneal or its Subsidiaries acquired by the Executive during, or as a result of, his employment with Amneal, at any time during or after the Term. Further without limiting the foregoing, as a condition of Executive’s employment with Amneal, the Executive shall enter into Amneal’s standard Employee Confidentiality, Non-Solicitation and Ownership of Inventions Agreement (the “Proprietary Information Agreement”), attached as Exhibit C . In the event of a conflict between this Agreement and the Proprietary Information Agreement, this Agreement shall control.
6.2 Return of Property . Upon the termination of the Executive’s employment for
 
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any reason all property of Amneal and its Subsidiaries that is in the possession of the Executive, including all documents, records, drug formulations, notebooks, equipment, price lists, specifications, programs, customer and prospective customer lists and other materials that contain Confidential Information that are in the possession of the Executive, including all copies thereof, shall be promptly returned to Amneal. Anything to the contrary herein notwithstanding, the Executive shall be entitled to retain (i) papers and other materials of a personal nature, including photographs, correspondence, personal diaries, calendars and rolodexes, personal files and phone books, (ii) information showing his compensation or relating to reimbursement of expenses, (iii) information that he reasonably believes may be needed for tax purposes and (iv) copies of plans, programs and agreements relating to his employment, or termination thereof, with Amneal.
6.3 Non-Competition . The Executive acknowledges that the Executive has been provided with Confidential Information and, during the Term, Amneal from time to time will provide Executive with access to Confidential Information. Ancillary to the rights provided to the Executive as set forth in this Agreement, the Executive’s continued employment with Amneal during the Term (subject to earlier termination as provided herein), and Amneal’s provision of Confidential Information, and the Executive’s agreements regarding the use of same, in order to protect the value of any Confidential Information, and in consideration for good and valuable consideration received by the Executive, the Parties agree to the following provisions against unfair competition, which the Executive acknowledges represent a fair balance of Amneal’s rights to protect its business and the Executive’s right to pursue employment. The Executive hereby agrees that he shall not, during the Term, directly or indirectly, engage or have an interest in, or render any services to, any business (whether as owner, manager, operator, licensor, licensee, lender, partner, stockholder, joint venturer, employee, consultant or otherwise) (such activities hereinafter referred to collectively as “ Engaging ”) that competes directly with Amneal or its Subsidiaries. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall prevent the Executive from (i) owning securities in a publicly traded entity whose activities compete with those of Amneal or its Subsidiaries provided that such securities holdings are not greater than five percent of the equity ownership in such entity; (ii) Engaging in the business of the ownership and licensing (as licensor) of trademarks and brands if the products or services carrying such trademarks and brands do not compete with the products or services carrying the trademarks and brands owned and licensed (as licensor) by Amneal or its Subsidiaries, or that Amneal or any of its Subsidiaries is actively planning to own or license (as licensor), during the Term; or (iii) Engaging in an operating company (including ownership of securities of such operating company’s holding company) with annual revenues not in excess of $10,000,000.
6.4 Prohibition on Use of Confidential Information to Solicit Customers and Prospects . During the Executive’s employment, the Executive shall not engage in any other employment or activity that might materially interfere with the interests of Amneal or its Subsidiaries. Furthermore, the Executive shall not, except in the furtherance of the Executive’s duties hereunder, directly or indirectly, individually or on behalf of any other person, firm, corporation or other entity, (i) during the Term (except in the good faith performance of his duties) and for a period of 24 months thereafter, solicit, aid or induce any employee, representative or agent of Amneal or its Subsidiaries to leave such employment or retention or to accept employment with or render services to or with any other person, firm,
 
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corporation or other entity unaffiliated with Amneal or hire or retain any such employee, representative or agent, or take any action to materially assist or aid any other person, firm, corporation or other entity in identifying, hiring or soliciting any such employee, representative or agent, (ii) during the Term (except in the good faith performance of his duties) and for a period of 12 months thereafter, solicit, aid or induce (or attempt to do any of the foregoing) directly or indirectly, any current or prospective customer of Amneal or its Subsidiaries with whom the Executive in any way dealt with at any time during the last two years of the Executive’s employment to purchase goods or services then sold by Amneal or its Subsidiaries from another person, firm, corporation or other entity or assist or aid any other persons or entity in identifying or soliciting any such customer or (iii) during the Term (except in the good faith performance of his duties) and for a period of 24 months thereafter, interfere in any manner with the relationship of Amneal or its Subsidiaries and any of its vendors. An employee, representative or agent shall be deemed covered by this Section while so employed or retained by Amneal or its Subsidiaries and for six months thereafter. Anything to the contrary herein notwithstanding, the following shall not be deemed a violation of this Section 6.4: (a) the Executive’s solicitation of the Amneal’s customers and/or vendors in connection with, and directly related to, his Engaging in a business that complies with Sections 6.3(ii) or (iii); (b) the Executive’s responding to an unsolicited request for an employment reference regarding any former employee of Amneal or its Subsidiaries from such former employee, or from a third party, by providing a reference setting forth his personal views about such former employee; or (c) if an entity with which the Executive is associated hires or engages any employee of Amneal or its Subsidiaries, if the Executive was not, directly or indirectly, involved in hiring or identifying such person as a potential recruit or assisting in the recruitment of such employee. For purposes hereof, the Executive shall be deemed to have been involved “ indirectly ” in soliciting, hiring or identifying an employee only if the Executive (x) directs a third party to solicit or hire the Employee, (y) identifies an employee to a third party as a potential recruit or (z) aids, assists or participates with a third party in soliciting or hiring an employee.
6.5 Non-Disparagement . At no time during or within five years after the Term shall the Executive, directly or indirectly, disparage Amneal or its Subsidiaries or any of Amneal’s or its Subsidiaries past or present employees, directors, products or services. Amneal and its Subsidiaries shall advise their senior officers and the members of the Board not to disparage the Executive during the period. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this Section 6.5 shall prevent any person from making any truthful statement to the extent (i) necessary to rebut any untrue public statements made about him or her; (ii) necessary with respect to any litigation, arbitration or mediation involving this Agreement and the enforcement thereof; (iii) required by law or by any court, arbitrator, mediator or administrative or legislative body (including any committee thereof) with jurisdiction over such person; or (iv) made as good faith competitive statements in the ordinary course of business.
6.6 Cooperation . Upon the receipt of reasonable notice from Amneal or its legal counsel, the Executive shall, while employed by Amneal and thereafter, respond and provide information with regard to matters of which the Executive has knowledge as a result of the Executive’s employment with Amneal and will provide reasonable assistance to Amneal and its representatives in defense of any claims that may be made against Amneal or its
 
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Subsidiaries, and will provide reasonable assistance to Amneal in the prosecution of any claims that may be made by Amneal or its Subsidiaries, to the extent that such claims may relate to matters related to the Executive’s period of employment with Amneal. Any request for such cooperation shall take into account the Executive’s personal and business commitments. The Executive shall promptly inform the Board (to the extent the Executive is legally permitted to do so) if the Executive is asked to assist in any investigation of the Amneal or its Subsidiaries or their actions, regardless of whether a lawsuit or other proceeding has then been filed with respect to such investigation. If the Executive is required to provide any services pursuant to this Section 6.6 following the Term, upon presentation of appropriate documentation, Amneal shall promptly reimburse the Executive for reasonable out-of-pocket travel, lodging, communication and duplication expenses incurred in connection with the performance of such services and in accordance with Amneal’s expense policy for its senior officers (provided that it shall be in Executive’s discretion to travel via first or business class, which costs shall be reimbursable by Amneal), for reasonable legal fees to the extent the Executive in good faith believes that separate legal representation is reasonably required, and for the Executive’s time at a rate equivalent to the Executive’s most recent base salary. The Executive’s entitlement to reimbursement of such costs and expenses, including legal fees, pursuant to this Section 6.6, shall in no way affect the Executive’s rights, if any, to be indemnified and/or advanced expenses in accordance with the Amneal or its Subsidiaries corporate or other organizational documents, any applicable insurance policy, and/or in accordance with this Agreement.
6.7 Remedies and Reformation . Without intending to limit the remedies available to Amneal , the Executive acknowledges that a breach of any of the covenants contained in this Section 6 may result in material and irreparable injury to Amneal for which there is no adequate remedy at law, that it will not be possible to measure damages for such injuries precisely and that, in the event of such a breach or threat Amneal shall be entitled to a temporary restraining order and/or a preliminary or permanent injunction restraining the Executive from engaging in activities prohibited by this Section 6 or such other relief as may be required specifically to enforce any of the covenants in this Section 6. If for any reason it is held that the restrictions under this Section 6 are not reasonable or that consideration therefor is inadequate, such restrictions shall be interpreted or modified to include as much of the duration and scope identified in this Section as will render such restrictions valid and enforceable.
6.8 Violations . In the event of any material violation of the provisions of this Section 6, the Executive acknowledges and agrees that: (a) the post-termination restrictions contained in this Section 6 shall be extended by a period of time equal to the period of such violation, it being the intention of the parties hereto that the running of the applicable post-termination restriction period shall be tolled during any period of such violation; (b) any severance payable which remains unpaid or other benefits yet to be received under Section 4.4.2 or 4.4.3 shall be forfeited by the Executive; and (c) any vested options not exercised as of the date of any violation of the provisions of this Section 6 shall be forfeited.
 
7.	INDEMNIFICATION; DIRECTORS’ AND OFFICERS’ LIABILITY INSURANCE	
During the Term and thereafter, Amneal shall indemnify and hold harmless the Executive
 
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and his heirs and representatives as, and to the extent, provided in the applicable Amneal organizational documents, a copy of which will be provided to Executive upon request. In addition, the Executive shall be entitled to enter into a form of indemnification agreement on terms and conditions no less favorable than the indemnification agreement entered into between Amneal and members of the Board. During the Term and for the applicable statute of limitations thereafter, Amneal shall also cover the Executive under its directors’ and officers’ liability insurance on the same basis as it covers other senior executive officers and directors of Amneal.
 
8.	MISCELLANEOUS	
8.1 Notices . All notices or communications hereunder shall be in writing, addressed as follows (or to such other address as either party may have furnished to the other in writing by like notice):
To Amneal:
Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC
400 Crossing Boulevard, Third Floor
Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
Facsimile No.: (908) 947-3144
Attn: Sheldon Hirt, Senior Vice President, General Counsel
Email: shirt@amneal.com
To the Executive, at the last address for the Executive on the books of Amneal, which is currently:                                                                                   .
All such notices shall be conclusively deemed to be received and shall be effective (i) if sent by hand delivery, upon receipt, (ii) if sent by telecopy or facsimile transmission, upon confirmation of receipt by the sender of such transmission, (iii) if sent by overnight courier, one business day after being sent by overnight courier, or (iv) if sent by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, on the fifth day after the day on which such notice is mailed.
8.2 Testing; Verification . As a condition of the Executive’s employment with Amneal, the Executive will be required to successfully complete Amneal’s standard onboarding procedures, including any background check and drug testing, the cost of which shall be paid by Amneal. In addition, to comply with Department of Homeland Security, the Executive will be required to provide verification of the Executive’s identity and legal right to work in the United States and must complete a Form I-9 within the first three (3) days of the Closing. Amneal shall notify the Executive of the identity of a clinic for drug testing that is local to the Executive, and the Executive hereby agrees to schedule an appointment with such clinic within forty-eight (48) hours of the date of this Agreement. In the event the Executive fails any such tests or such verification, which cannot be sufficiently explained by Executive or is not remedied or corrected by a subsequent test or verification at Employee’s expense, then Amneal shall have the right to terminate this Agreement for Cause under this Agreement.
8.3 Severability . Each provision of this Agreement shall be interpreted in such
 
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manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Agreement is held to be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision will be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provision or the remaining provisions of this Agreement.
8.4 Binding Effect; Benefits . The Executive may not delegate his duties or assign his rights hereunder. Except as explicitly provided in the Agreement, no rights or obligations of Amneal under this Agreement may be assigned or transferred by Amneal other than pursuant to a merger or consolidation in which Amneal is not the continuing entity, or a sale, liquidation or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of Amneal, provided that the assignee or transferee is the successor to all or substantially all of the assets or businesses of Amneal and assumes the liabilities, obligations and duties of Amneal under this Agreement, either contractually or by operation of law. Amneal further agrees that, in the event of any disposition of its business and assets described in the preceding sentence, they shall use their best efforts to cause such assignee or transferee expressly to assume the liabilities, obligations and duties of Amneal hereunder. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of, and be binding upon, the Parties and their respective heirs, legal representatives, successors and permitted assigns.
8.5 Entire Agreement . This Agreement, collectively with the Exhibits hereto and the Proprietary Information Agreement, represents the entire agreement of the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and shall supersede any and all previous contracts, arrangements, proposed terms or understandings between the Parties. In addition, this Agreement shall supersede the employment agreement between the Executive and Impax as of the execution of this Agreement by Amneal and Executive, and the Executive agrees to execute such documents as reasonably determined necessary or appropriate to affect such supersession without triggering any severance under such employment agreement. This Agreement (including any of the Exhibits hereto) may be amended, modified or replaced at any time by mutual written agreement of the Parties. In the case of any conflict between any express term of this Agreement and any statement contained in any plan, program, arrangement, employment manual, memorandum or rule of general applicability of the Amneal, this Agreement shall control.
8.6 Withholding . The payment of any amount pursuant to this Agreement shall be subject to applicable withholding and payroll taxes, and such other deductions as may be required by applicable law.
8.7 Governing Law . This Agreement and the performance of the parties hereunder shall be governed by the internal laws (and not the law of conflicts) of the State of New Jersey.
8.8 Arbitration . Any dispute or controversy, including, but not limited to, discrimination claims and claims involving a class, arising under or in connection with this Agreement or the Executive’s employment with Amneal, other than injunctive relief under Section 6.7 hereof, shall be settled exclusively by arbitration, conducted before a single arbitrator in New Jersey (applying New Jersey law) in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules and Procedures of the American Arbitration Association then in effect.
 
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The decision of the arbitrator will be final and binding upon the parties hereto. Judgment may be entered on the arbitrator’s award in any court having jurisdiction. The parties acknowledge and agree that in connection with any such arbitration and regardless of outcome (a) each party shall pay all its own costs and expenses, including without limitation its own legal fees and expenses, and (b) joint expenses shall be borne equally among the parties. EACH PARTY WAIVES RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY.
8.9 Section 409A of the Code .
8.9.1 General . It is intended that the provisions of this Agreement comply with Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code ”) and the regulations and guidance promulgated thereunder (collectively “ Code Section 409A ”), and all provisions of this Agreement shall be construed in a manner consistent with the requirements for avoiding taxes or penalties under Code Section 409A. If any provision of this Agreement (or of any award of compensation, including equity compensation or benefits) would cause the Executive to incur any additional tax or interest under Code Section 409A, Amneal shall, upon the specific request of the Executive, use its reasonable business efforts to in good faith reform such provision to comply with Code Section 409A; provided, that to the maximum extent practicable, the original intent and economic benefit to the Parties of the applicable provision shall be maintained. Amneal shall timely use its reasonable business efforts to amend any plan or program in which the Executive participates to bring it in compliance with Code Section 409A.
8.9.2 Separation from Service; Six-Month Delay . A termination of employment shall not be deemed to have occurred for purposes of any provision of this Agreement providing for the payment of any amounts or benefits upon or following a termination of employment unless such termination is also a “ Separation from Service ” within the meaning of Code Section 409A and, for purposes of any such provision of this Agreement, references to a “ resignation ,” “ termination ,” “ termination of employment ” or like terms shall mean Separation from Service. If the Executive is deemed on the Date of Termination to be a “ specified employee ,” within the meaning of that term under Section (a)(2)(B) of Code Section 409A (“ Code Section 409(a)(2)(B) ”) and using the identification methodology selected by Amneal, from time to time, or if none, the default methodology, then with regard to any payment, the providing of any benefit or any distribution of equity made subject to this Section 8.10.2, to the extent required to be delayed in compliance with Code Section 409A(a)(2)(B), and any other payment, the provision of any other benefit or any other distribution of equity that is required to be delayed in compliance with Code Section 409A(a)(2)(B), such payment, benefit or distribution shall not be made or provided prior to the earlier of (i) the expiration of the six-month period measured from the date of the Executive’s Separation from Service or (ii) the date of the Executive’s death. On the first day of the seventh month following the date of the Executive’s Separation from Service or, if earlier, on the date of his death, (x) all payments delayed pursuant to this Section 8.10.2 (whether they would have otherwise been payable in a single sum or in installments in the absence of such delay) shall be paid or reimbursed to the Executive in a lump sum, and any remaining payments and benefits due under this Agreement shall be paid or provided in accordance with the normal payment dates specified for them herein and (y) all distributions of equity delayed pursuant to this Section 8.10.2 shall be made to the
 
23

Executive. In addition to the foregoing, to the extent required by Code Section 409A(a)(2)(B), prior to the occurrence of both a Disability termination as provided in Section 4.1.2 hereof and the Executive’s becoming “disabled” under Code Section 409A, the payment of any compensation to the Executive under this Agreement shall be suspended for a period of six months commencing at such time that the Executive shall be deemed to have had a Separation from Service because either (A) a sick leave ceases to be a bona fide sick leave of absence, or (B) the permitted time period for a sick leave of absence expires (an “ SFS Disability ”), without regard to whether such SFS Disability actually results in a Disability termination. Promptly following the expiration of such six-month period, all compensation suspended pursuant to the foregoing sentence (whether it would have otherwise been payable in a single sum or in installments in the absence of such suspension) shall be paid or reimbursed to the Executive in a lump sum. On any delayed payment date under this Section 8.10.2, there shall be paid to the Executive or, if the Executive has died, to his estate, in a single cash lump sum together with the payment of such delayed payment, interest on the aggregate amount of such delayed payment at the Delayed Payment Interest Rate (as defined below) computed from the date on which such delayed payment otherwise would have been made to the Executive until the date paid. For purposes of the foregoing, the “ Delayed Payment Interest Rate ” shall mean the prime interest rate as reported in The Wall Street Journal as of the business day immediately preceding the payment date for the applicable delayed payment.
8.9.3 Expense Reimbursement . With regard to any provision herein that provides for reimbursement of costs and expenses or in-kind benefits, except as permitted by Code Section 409A, (i) the right to reimbursement or in-kind benefits shall not be subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit, (ii) the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in-kind benefits, provided during any taxable year shall not affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in-kind benefits to be provided, in any other taxable year, provided that the foregoing clause (ii) shall not be violated with regard to expenses reimbursed under any arrangement covered by Section 105(b) of the Internal Revenue Code and the regulations and guidance promulgated thereunder solely because such expenses are subject to a limit related to the period the arrangement is in effect and (iii) such payments shall be made on or before the last day of the Executive’s taxable year following the taxable year in which the expense was incurred.
8.10 Survivorship . Except as otherwise expressly set forth in this Agreement, upon the expiration of the Term, the respective rights and obligations of the parties shall survive such expiration to the extent necessary to carry out the intentions of the parties as embodied in this Agreement. This Agreement shall continue in effect until there are no further rights or obligations of the parties outstanding hereunder and shall not be terminated by either party without the express prior written consent of both parties.
8.11 Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in counterparts (including by electronic transmission) which, when taken together, shall constitute one and the same agreement of the parties.
8.12 Amneal Representations . As of the Effective Date, Amneal represents and warrants to the Executive that (i) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement
 
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(and the agreements referred to herein) by Amneal has been fully and validly authorized by all necessary corporate action, (ii) the officer or director signing this Agreement on behalf of Amneal is duly authorized to do so, (iii) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement does not violate any applicable law, regulation, order, judgment or decree or any agreement, plan or corporate governance document to which Amneal is a party or by which it is bound; and (iv) upon execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Executive and Amneal, it shall be a valid and binding obligation of Amneal enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except to the extent that enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally.
[Signature Page Follows]
 
25

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Amneal has caused this Agreement to be duly executed and the Executive has hereunto set his hand, as of the date first set forth above.

Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	
	
By:                                                                                        	
Name:	
Title:	
 
Paul M. Bisaro	
 
Signature Page to Employment Agreement

Exhibit A
AMNEAL’S CODE OF CONDUCT

Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, and
Subsidiaries
Code of Conduct
Dear Colleagues:
Our success is grounded in our belief that the world is our family and we are forever accountable to the people who use our products, to our partners and colleagues, and most importantly, to each other. Included in this belief and accountability is our expectation that all of us adhere to the highest standards of integrity and ethics in everything we do.
This Code of Conduct is an essential tool to maintaining trust and accountability by guiding our actions. The Code is neither a comprehensive resource nor a substitute for sound judgment; it is an ethical guideline intended to drive integrity throughout Amneal. While words matter, our actions matter more. We must incorporate the specific content and the intent of these guidelines into our daily actions as we deliver on our commitments to each other, our customers, our business partners and the communities where we do business. Please read this Code carefully and understand its content. You are responsible for incorporating it into your daily activities. If you have questions or see violations speak to Human Resources or Legal Department to get answers. Thank you for your continued support in this critical endeavor.
Sincerely yours,
Chirag Patel, Co-CEO
Chintu Patel, Co-CEO
****
Purpose of the Amneal Code of Conduct
Amneal is built upon a foundation of the highest ethical standards. Our Code provides ethical guidelines as a framework for our actions and to promote:
 
•	 	honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships;	
 
•	 	full, fair, accurate, timely, and understandable disclosure in reports and documents we file with regulatory agencies and in our other public communications;	
 
•	 	compliance with applicable laws, rules, and regulations;	
 
•	 	the prompt internal reporting of violations of this Code; and	
 
•	 	accountability for adherence to this Code.	
Our Code applies to everyone at Amneal, including its directors, officers, and employees of Amneal, and its subsidiaries, as well as business partners and contractors who perform work on our behalf. This Code should guide your conduct in the course of our business. The principles described in this Code are general in nature and do not cover every situation that may arise. Use common sense and good judgment in applying this Code. If you have any questions about applying the Code, it is your responsibility to seek guidance. This Code is not the exclusive source of guidance and information regarding the conduct of our business. You should consult applicable policies and procedures in specific areas as they apply.
 
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Page 2

You should not hesitate to ask questions about whether any conduct may violate the Code. In addition, you should be alert to possible violations of the Code by others and report suspected violations, without fear of any form of retaliation. Any employee who violates the standards in the Code may be subject to disciplinary action up to and including termination of employment and, in appropriate cases, civil legal action or referral for regulatory or criminal prosecution.
Our Responsibilities
As an Amneal employee, you are expected to comply with both the content and the intent of our Code. This means you must understand and comply with all of our policies, laws and regulations that apply to your job, even if you feel pressured to do otherwise. Our Code also requires you to seek guidance if you have questions or concerns and to cooperate fully in any investigation of suspected violations of the Code that may arise in the course of your employment. Periodically, you may be asked to provide a written certification that you have reviewed and understand Amneal’s Code of Conduct, comply with its standards, and are not personally aware of any violations of the Code by others. This certification is your pledge to live up to our Code and its expectations and to promptly raise concerns about any situation that you think may violate our Code. Employees who violate our Code put themselves, fellow employees, or Amneal at risk and are subjected to disciplinary action up to and including termination of employment.
Product quality
Amneal is committed to maintaining high quality of products. All employees must comply with all applicable laws and regulations regarding our research, development, manufacturing and distribution activities, including Good Clinical Practices, Good Manufacturing Practices, and Good Laboratory Practices, among other practices.
Safety
Each of us has a responsibility to report adverse events associated with our products. If you learn of an adverse event whether during work time or outside of office hours, you much, within 24 hours, report this information to the Drug Safety Department.
Making Good Decisions
In addition to complying with the requirements contained in Amneal policies, in specific situations, before taking any action each employee should consider the following questions, and unless the answer to each question is “YES”, the action should not be taken:
 
•	 	Is this action legal, ethical, and socially responsible?	
 
•	 	Does this action comply with both content and the intent of our Code?	
 
•	 	Will this action appear appropriate?	
 
•	 	Is it clear that Amneal would not be embarrassed or compromised if this action were to become known within Amneal or publicly?	
Following Laws and Regulations
It is Amneal’s policy to follow all laws and regulations in the countries and communities in which we conduct business. As we manufacture and sell our products across the United States and globally, this Code provides only an overview of our general principles. As an Amneal employee you are responsible to know the local policies of the facility at which you work and applicable local laws.
 
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Page 3

Asking Questions and Reporting Concerns
If you know of or suspect a violation of applicable laws or regulations, this Code, or Amneal’s related policies, you have an obligation to immediately report it to the Human Resources or Legal Department.
Commitment to Non-Retaliation
Amneal prohibits retaliation, in any form, against anyone who, in good faith, reports violations or suspected violations of this Code, company policy, or applicable law, or who assists in the investigation of a reported violation. Acts of retaliation should be reported immediately to Human Resources or Legal Department.
Complying with the Code of Conduct
To maintain the highest standards of integrity, we must dedicate ourselves to complying with our Code, company policies and procedures and applicable laws and regulations. Violations of our Code not only damage Amneal’s standing in the communities we serve—they may also be illegal. Employees involved in violating our Code will likely face negative consequences. Amneal will take the appropriate disciplinary action in response to each case, up to and including termination. In addition, employees involved may be subject to government fines or criminal or civil liability.
Discrimination
Having a diverse workforce—made up of team members who bring a wide variety of skills, abilities, experiences and perspectives—is essential to our success. We embrace diversity of ethnicity, gender, generation, geography and thought. We are committed to the principles of equal employment opportunity, inclusion and respect. All employment-related decisions must be based on company needs, job requirements and individual qualifications. We do not tolerate discrimination against anyone—team members, customers, business partners or other stakeholders—on the basis of race, national origin, religion, age, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability, or protected veteran status, marital status or any other characteristic protected by local, state, or federal laws, rules, or regulations or any other status protected by the laws or regulations in the locations where we operate. We comply with laws regarding employment of immigrants and noncitizens and provide equal employment opportunity to everyone who is legally authorized to work in the applicable country. We provide reasonable accommodations to individuals with disabilities and remove any artificial barriers to success. Report suspected discrimination right away to Human Resources or Legal Department and never retaliate against anyone who raises a good faith belief that unlawful discrimination has occurred.
Harassment
Every employee has a right to a work environment free from harassment, regardless of whether the harasser is a co-worker, supervisor, manager, customer, vendor or visitor. Harassment can include any behavior (verbal, visual or physical) that creates an intimidating, offensive, abusive or hostile work environment, or unwelcome conduct, whether verbal, physical or visual that is based on gender, race, color, religion or any other legally protected classification or sexual harassment of a person of the same or opposite sex of the harasser. Harassment is strictly prohibited. As is the case with any violation of the Code, you have a responsibility to report any harassing behavior or condition regardless of if you are directly involved or just a witness. Retaliation for making a good faith complaint or for assisting in the investigation of a discrimination or harassment complaint is prohibited. Report the offending conduct to the Human Resources or the Legal Department.
Workplace Safety and Violence Prevention
Amneal strives to provide a safe and healthy workplace for employees, customers and visitors to all of our sites. All managers have responsibility for ensuring proper safety and health conditions for their employees. Management is committed to maintaining industry standards in all areas of employee safety and health, including industrial hygiene and safety. To support this commitment, employees are
 
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responsible for observing all safety and health rules, practices and laws that apply to their jobs, and for taking precautions necessary to protect themselves, their co-workers and visitors including wearing personal protective equipment and apparel as required. Employees are also responsible for immediately reporting accidents, injuries, occupational illnesses and unsafe practices or conditions to their supervisor. Threats, acts of violence and physical intimidation are strictly prohibited. Possession of weapons on the job or at any Amneal site is also strictly prohibited. As is the case with any violation of the Code, employees have a responsibility to report any unsafe behavior or condition regardless of whether they are directly involved or a witness.
Physical Assets and Resources
All employees must protect Amneal assets, such as laptops, telephones, mobile devices, IT networking resources, equipment, inventory, supplies, cash and business information. Treat company assets with the same care you would if they were your own. Use Amneal resources only to conduct company business. No employee may commit theft, fraud or embezzlement, or misuse company property for any reason. Use of these resources, whether in the office or at home, is not private. Amneal may monitor individual use of network services, including email and visits to specific websites, as permitted by law.
Substance Abuse
Amneal requires employees to work free from the influence of any substance, including drugs and alcohol, preventing them from conducting work activities safely and effectively. Amneal reserves the right to have any employee tested if there is a reasonable suspicion that he or she is under the influence of drugs or alcohol. If you are using prescription or non-prescription drugs that may impair alertness or judgment, or witness an employee impaired and therefore possibly jeopardizing the safety of others or Amneal’s business interests, you should report it immediately. If you have a problem related to alcohol or drugs, you are encouraged to seek assistance from programs which Amneal may offer and/or other qualified professionals.
Proprietary and Confidential Information
One of our most important assets is Amneal’s confidential information. As an employee of Amneal, you may learn of information about Amneal that is confidential and proprietary. You also may learn of information before that information is released to the general public. Employees who have received or have access to confidential information should take extreme care to keep this information confidential. Confidential information includes non-public information that might be of use to competitors or harmful to Amneal or its customers if disclosed, including but not limited to, business, marketing plans or activities, financial information, research and development activities, product pipeline, regulatory strategy, litigation strategy, manufacturing strategy, product lists, engineering and manufacturing ideas, designs, databases, customer lists, pricing strategies, personnel data, personally identifiable information pertaining to our employees, customers or other individuals (including, for example, names, addresses, telephone numbers and social security numbers), and similar types of information provided to us by our customers, suppliers and partners. You are expected to keep confidential and proprietary information confidential unless and until that information is released to the public through approved channels (usually through a press release or a formal communication from a member of senior management). Every employee has a duty to refrain from disclosing to any person confidential or proprietary information about us or any other company learned in the course of employment here, until that information is disclosed to the public through approved channels. You should also take care not to inadvertently disclose confidential information. Materials that contain confidential information, such as memos, notebooks, computer disks and laptop computers, should be stored securely. Unauthorized posting or discussion of any information concerning our business, information or prospects on the internet is prohibited. You may not discuss our business, information or prospects in any chat room, regardless of whether you use your own name or a pseudonym. All company emails, voicemails and other communications are presumed confidential, are
 
Rev. June 30, 2016
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company property and should not be forwarded or otherwise disseminated outside of Amneal, except where required for legitimate business purposes. The obligation to protect confidential information of Amneal continues even after cessation of employment.
Protecting Customer/Third Party Information
Keeping customer information secure and using it appropriately is a top priority for Amneal. We must safeguard any confidential information shared with us by customers or third parties. We must also ensure that such information is used only for the reasons for which the information was gathered, unless further use is allowed by law. Customer or third party information includes any information about a specific customer/third party, including such things as name, address, phone numbers, financial information, etc. We do not disclose any information about a third party without first obtaining written approval, unless required by law or regulation (e.g. a court-issued subpoena).
Intellectual Property and Protecting IP
As an employee, the work product you create for Amneal belongs to Amneal. This work product includes but is not limited to inventions, discoveries, ideas, trade secrets, know-how, improvements, software programs, artwork, and works of authorship. This work product is Amneal’s property (it does not belong to individuals) if it is created or developed, in whole or in part, on company time, as part of your duties or through the use of company resources or information. Additionally, to ensure that Amneal receives the benefit of work done by outside consultants, it is essential that an appropriate agreement be in place before any work begins with third parties.
We value new product or process for the preparation of the same and business ideas, concepts, and other information that we produce. When we do not identify or otherwise protect this intellectual property, Amneal risks losing rights to it and the competitive advantages it offers. It is incumbent upon you to protect our intellectual property from illegal or other misuse by making sure it is affixed with or identified by appropriate trademark, service mark, copyright notice, confidential marking or patent marking (if applicable). Be sure to disclose to management any innovation developed on company time or using company information or resources, so that Amneal can decide whether to seek formal protection. Additionally, we must avoid infringing on the IP rights of others. Please remember not to:
 
•	 	disclose non-public intellectual property inappropriately or without approval from the Legal Department;	
 
•	 	use company resources or time to create or invent something unrelated to our business;	
 
•	 	use a previous employer’s intellectual property without that company’s permission;	
 
•	 	make unauthorized copies of software or licensed or confidential information;	
 
•	 	copy magazine/journal articles or other publications, unless you have explicit authority to do so;	
 
•	 	affix the trademark of another company to goods without proper authorization; and	
 
•	 	hire a competitor’s employee to obtain that competitor’s trade secrets.	
Antitrust and Fair Competition
It is our policy that all directors, officers, and employees comply with all antitrust and competition laws. International, Federal and State antitrust and competition laws prohibit efforts and actions to restrain or limit competition between companies that otherwise would be competing for business in the marketplace. You must be particularly careful when you interact with any employees or representatives of Amneal’s competitors. You should use extreme care to avoid any improper discussions with our competitors, especially at trade association meetings or other industry or trade events where competitors may interact. Under no circumstances should you discuss customer information, prospects, pricing, or other business terms with any employees or representatives of our competitors. If you are not careful, you could potentially violate antitrust and/or competition laws if you discuss or make an agreement with a competitor regarding:
 
Rev. June 30, 2016
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•	 	prices or pricing strategy;	
 
•	 	discounts;	
 
•	 	terms of our customer relationships;	
 
•	 	sales policies or sales practices;	
 
•	 	marketing plans;	
 
•	 	customer selection;	
 
•	 	allocating customers or market areas; or	
 
•	 	contract terms and contracting strategies.	
Agreements with competitors do not need to be written in order to violate applicable antitrust and competition laws. Informal, verbal, or implicit understandings (e.g. knowing winks) are also violations. Antitrust violations in the U.S. may be prosecuted civilly or criminally (as felonies) and can result in severe penalties for Amneal and any associate or other person who participates in a violation (e.g. the incarceration of an employee). As with all aspects of this Code, should you have questions about this you should contact the Legal Department.
Honest Advertising and Marketing
It is Amneal’s policy to comply with all laws and regulations governing the sales and marketing of our products throughout the world. It is our responsibility to accurately represent Amneal and our products in our marketing, advertising and sales materials. It is Amneal’s policy to advertise and promote its products only through programs and materials that have been formally approved by the Company to ensure compliance with applicable country, state and/or local laws and regulations. No employee is permitted to give unauthorized discounts, rebates, concessions, commissions or incentives, or bribes or other payments to obtain or retain business.
Anti-Money Laundering
Money laundering is a global problem with far-reaching and serious consequences. Money laundering is defined as the process of converting illegal proceeds so that funds are made to appear legitimate, and it is not limited to cash transactions. Complex commercial transactions may hide financing for criminal activity such as terrorism, illegal narcotics trade, bribery, and fraud. Involvement in such activities undermines our integrity, damages our reputation and can expose Amneal and individuals to severe sanctions. Amneal forbids knowingly engaging in transactions that facilitate money laundering or result in unlawful diversion. Anti-money laundering laws of the United States and other countries and international organizations require transparency of payments and the identity of all parties to transactions.
Anti-corruption/Anti-bribery
The United States and many other countries have laws that prohibit bribery, kickbacks, and other improper payments. No Amneal employee, officer, agent, or independent contractor acting on our behalf may offer or provide bribes or other improper benefits in order to obtain business or an unfair advantage. A bribe is defined as directly or indirectly offering anything of value (e.g., gifts, money, or promises) to influence or induce action, or to secure an improper advantage. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other U.S. laws prohibit payment of any money or anything of value to a foreign official, foreign political party (or official thereof), or any candidate for foreign political office for the purposes of directing, obtaining or retaining business. We expect all employees, officers, agents, and independent contractors acting on behalf of Amneal to strictly abide by these laws. All employees are required to comply strictly with the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”). In essence, no employee shall make or promise to make, directly or indirectly, any payment of money or object of value to any foreign official
 
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of a government, political party, or a candidate for political office for the purpose of inducing or influencing actions in any way to assist Amneal in obtaining or retaining business for or with Amneal. A bribe is giving anything of value that would improperly influence or appear to improperly influence the outcome of a transaction. “Anything of value” is very broadly defined and can include such things as:
 
•	 	cash;	
 
•	 	gifts;	
 
•	 	meals;	
 
•	 	entertainment;	
 
•	 	travel and lodging;	
 
•	 	personal services;	
 
•	 	charitable donations;	
 
•	 	business opportunities;	
 
•	 	favors; and	
 
•	 	offers of employment.	
Gifts and Entertainment
Gifts and entertainment can create goodwill in our business relationships, but can also make it hard to be objective about the person providing them. Our choice of suppliers, vendors and partners must be based on objective factors like quality, cost, value, service and ability to deliver. We must avoid even the appearance of making business decisions based on gifts received through these relationships. Giving or accepting gifts of in frequent nominal value, as defined in local policy, are acceptable. Infrequent business entertainment is appropriate provided it’s not excessive and it does not create the appearance of impropriety or an actual conflict of interest. When giving gifts or offering to entertain a business partner, ensure that your offer does not violate the recipient’s own policies. If you work with public officials, be aware that even simple offers such as purchasing a meal or refreshments may be unacceptable or even against the law. Always contact the Legal Department before providing any gift or entertainment to a public official.
Trade Compliance
We comply with all United States federal import and export laws and regulations. These laws restrict transfers, exports, and sales of products or technical data from the United States to certain prescribed countries and persons as well as re-export of certain items from one non-U.S. location to another. Many countries in which we operate have similar laws and regulations. If you are involved in importing and exporting goods and data, you are responsible for knowing and following these laws.
Government Customers/Contracting
When doing business with federal, state, or local governments, we must ensure that all statements and representations to government procurement officials are accurate and truthful, including costs and other financial data. If your assignment directly involves working with the government, or if you are responsible for someone working with the government on behalf of Amneal, be alert to the special rules and regulations applicable to our government customers. Additional steps should be taken to understand and comply with these requirements. Any conduct that could appear improper must be avoided when dealing with government officials and employees. Payments, gifts, or other favors given to a government official or employee are strictly prohibited as it may appear to be a means of influence or a bribe. Failure to avoid these activities may expose the government agency, the government employee, Amneal, and you to substantial fines and penalties. For these reasons, any sale of our products or services to any federal, state, or local government entity must be in accordance with Amneal policies.
 
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Maintain Accurate Financial Records/Internal Accounting Controls
Accurate and reliable records are crucial to our business. We are committed to maintaining accurate company records and accounts in order to ensure legal and ethical business practices and to prevent fraudulent activities. We are responsible for helping ensure that the information we record, process, and analyze is accurate, and recorded in accordance with applicable accounting or legal principles. We also need to ensure that it is made secure and readily available to those with a need to know on a timely basis. Company records include sales information, payroll, timecards, travel and expense reports, e-mails, accounting and financial data, measurement and performance records, electronic data files and all other records maintained in the ordinary course of our business. All company records must be complete, accurate, and reliable in all material respects. There is never a reason to make false or misleading entries. Undisclosed or unrecorded funds, payments, or receipts are inconsistent with our business practices and are strictly prohibited.
Avoiding Conflicts of Interest
We have an obligation to make sound business decisions in the best interests of Amneal without the influence of personal interests or gain. Amneal requires you to avoid any conflict, or even the appearance of a conflict, between your personal interests and the interests of Amneal. A conflict exists when your interests, duties, obligations or activities, or those of a family member or close friend are, or may be, in conflict or incompatible with the interests of Amneal. Should any business or personal conflict of interest arise, or even appear to arise, you should disclose it immediately to the Human Resources or Legal Department for review. In some instances, disclosure may not be sufficient and we may require that the conduct be stopped or that actions taken be reversed where possible. As it is impossible to describe every potential conflict, we rely on you to exercise sound judgment, to seek advice when appropriate, and to adhere to the highest standards of integrity. Every employee, officer, and director of Amneal is expected to act in the best interests of Amneal and to protect our reputation from any conflicts. We should also be sensitive to even the appearance of a conflict. This means that employees, officers, and directors should avoid any investment, interest, association, or activity that may cause others to doubt their or Amneal’s fairness or integrity, or that may interfere with their ability to perform job duties objectively and effectively. Many potential conflicts of interest can be prevented or remedied by making full disclosure of the situation to your supervisor and functional leader. Our supervisors and leaders are responsible to ensure that Amneal’s interests are protected from conflicts of interest. The following activities could represent conflicts of interest:
 
•	 	owning, directly or indirectly, a significant financial interest in any entity that does business, seeks to do business, or competes with Amneal;	
 
•	 	holding a second job that interferes with your ability to do your regular job;	
 
•	 	employing, consulting, or serving on the board of a vendor, competitor, customer, supplier, or other service provider;	
 
•	 	hiring a vendor, supplier, distributor, or other agent managed or owned by a relative or close friend;	
 
•	 	soliciting or accepting any cash, gifts, entertainment, or benefits that are more than modest, as defined or described in local policies, in value from any vendor, competitor, supplier, or customer; and	
 
•	 	taking personal advantage of corporate opportunities.	
Insider Trading
You are prohibited from trading or enabling others to trade stock of another company such as a customer, supplier, competitor, potential acquisition or alliance partner while in possession of material nonpublic information (“Material Information”) about that company. Material Information is any information that an investor might consider important in deciding whether to buy, sell, or hold securities. Information is considered non-public if it has not been adequately disclosed to the public. All non-public information
 
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about Amneal or about companies with which we do business is considered confidential information. To use Material Information in connection with buying or selling securities, including tipping others who might make an investment decision on the basis of this information, is not only unethical, it is illegal. We must exercise the utmost care when handling Material Information. At times we may receive confidential information before it is made publicly available to ordinary investors of other companies. Some of that information may be considered significant or material, and could be important to an investor deciding to buy, sell or hold securities.
Relationships with Regulators
Given the highly regulated environment in which we operate, we must be vigilant in meeting our responsibilities to comply with relevant laws and regulations. We expect full cooperation of our employees with our regulators and to respond to their requests for information in an appropriate and timely manner. You should be alert to any changes in the law or new requirements that may affect our business and be aware that new products or services may be subject to special legal and/or regulatory requirements. If you become aware of any significant regulatory or legal concern, you must immediately bring them to the attention of our functional leader and the Legal Department. We are committed to maintaining an open, constructive and professional relationship with regulators on matters of regulatory policy, submissions, compliance, and product performance.
Communicating with External Parties
Amneal employees are not authorized to speak with the media, investors, and analysts on behalf of Amneal unless authorized by Laurene Isip, Senior Director Corporate Communications. Unless specifically authorized, do not give the impression that you are speaking on behalf of Amneal in any communication that may become public. This includes posts to online forums, social media sites, blogs, chat rooms, and bulletin boards. This policy also applies to comments to journalists about specific matters that relate to our business, as well as letters to the editor and endorsements of products or services.

Exhibit B
(To be signed on or within 45 days after termination. Please do not sign before the date of termination.)
RELEASE AGREEMENT
(Age 40 or Older)
In exchange for my receipt of the severance payments and benefits set forth in Sections 4.4.2 and 4.4.3 of my Employment Agreement, dated [            ], 201[    ] (as amended, my “ Employment Agreement ”), with Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“ Amneal ”), and for other valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, I do hereby release and forever discharge the “ Releasees ” hereunder, consisting of Amneal and its Subsidiaries (as defined below), and, in their capacity as such, each of their predecessors, successors, partners, directors, officers, employees, attorneys and agents, of and from any and all manner of action or actions, cause or causes of action, in law or in equity, suits, debts, liens, contracts, agreements, promises, liability, claims, demands, damages, losses, costs, attorneys’ fees or expenses, of any nature whatsoever, known or unknown, fixed or contingent (hereinafter called “ Claims ”), which I now have or have ever had against the Releasees, or any of them, by reason of any matter, cause, or thing whatsoever from the beginning of time to the date I sign this Release Agreement. The Claims released herein include, but are not limited to: (1) all claims arising out of or in any way related to my service or employment relationship with any of the Releasees or the termination of that relationship; (2) all claims related to my compensation or benefits from the any of the Releasees, including salary, bonuses, commissions, Paid Time Off, expense reimbursements, severance pay, fringe benefits, stock, stock options, or any other ownership interests in Amneal or its Subsidiaries (collectively, the “ Group Entities ”); (3) all claims for breach of contract, wrongful termination, and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing; (4) all tort claims, including claims for fraud, defamation, emotional distress, and discharge in violation of public policy; and (5) all federal, state, and local statutory claims, including (without limitation) claims for discrimination, harassment, retaliation, attorneys’ fees, and other claims arising under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, as amended (the “ ADEA ”); Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended; the Equal Pay Act; the Civil Rights Act of 1866; the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, as amended; the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended; the False Claims Act, as amended; the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, as amended; the Fair Labor Standards Act, as amended; the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; the Worker Adjustment Notification and Retraining Act; the New Jersey Law Against Discrimination; the New Jersey Conscientious Employee Protection Act; the New Jersey Family Leave Act; the New Jersey Wage Payment Law; the New Jersey Wage and Hour Law; the New Jersey Equal Pay Act; and retaliation claims under the New Jersey Workers’ Compensation Law. For purposes of this Release Agreement, the term Subsidiary shall mean any entity with voting equity securities that is more than 50% controlled by Amneal as the parent company or the holding company.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Release Agreement shall not be construed in any way to release any Claim (i) to payments and benefits under Section 4.4.2 and 4.4.3 of my

Employment Agreement, (ii) to accrued or vested benefits I may have, if any, as of the date hereof under any applicable plan, policy, practice, program, contract or agreement with any Group Entity, (iii) for indemnification and/or advancement of expenses, arising under any indemnification agreement between me and any Group Entity or under the bylaws, certificate of incorporation or other similar governing document of any Group Entity, (iv) to any rights or benefits that may not be waived pursuant to applicable law, including, without limitation, any right to unemployment insurance benefits, or (v) to my right to communicate directly with, cooperate with, or provide information to, any federal, state or local government regulator.
For the avoidance of doubt, nothing in this Release will be construed to prohibit me from filing a charge with, reporting possible violations to, or participating or cooperating with any governmental agency or entity, including but not limited to the EEOC, the Department of Justice, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the National Labor Relations Board, Congress, or any agency Inspector General, or making other disclosures that are protected under the whistleblower, anti-discrimination, or anti-retaliation provisions of federal, state or local law or regulation; provided, however , that I may not disclose information of the Releasees that is protected by the attorney-client privilege, except as otherwise required by law. I do not need the prior authorization of the applicable Releasee to make any such reports or disclosures, and I am not required to notify the applicable Releasee that I have made such reports or disclosures.
I acknowledge that I am knowingly and voluntarily waiving and releasing any rights I may have under the ADEA, and that the consideration given under my Employment Agreement for the waiver and release I am providing herein is in addition to anything of value to which I was already entitled. I further acknowledge that I have been advised by this writing, as required by the ADEA, that: (a) my waiver and release do not apply to any rights or claims that may arise after the date I sign this Release Agreement; (b) I should consult with an attorney prior to signing this Release Agreement (although I may choose voluntarily not to do so); (c) I have forty-five (45) days to consider this Release Agreement (although I may choose voluntarily to sign this Release Agreement before the end of the 45-day period) and to return the signed Release Agreement to Amneal; (d) I have seven (7) days following the date I sign this Release Agreement (the “ Revocation Period ”) to revoke the Release Agreement as described below; and (e) this Release Agreement shall not be effective until the date upon which the Revocation Period has expired, which shall be the eighth day after I sign this Release Agreement (the “ Effective Date ”). I understand and agree that if I choose to revoke this Release Agreement, I must deliver notice of such revocation in writing, by personal delivery, email or mail, to [NAME], [TITLE] (            @            .com) at Amneal, [ADDRESS], no later than 5:00 p.m. Pacific Time on the last day of the Revocation Period. If mailed, the revocation must be properly addressed and postmarked no later than the last day of the Revocation Period.
I represent that I have no lawsuits, claims or actions pending in my name, or on behalf of myself or any other person or entity, against any of the Releasees. I agree that I will not voluntarily provide assistance, information or advice, directly or indirectly (including through agents or attorneys), to any person or entity in connection with any actual or potential claim or cause of action of any kind against the Releasees and I shall not induce or encourage any person or entity to do so, unless compelled or authorized to do so by law. Notwithstanding the

foregoing, I retain the right to file a charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and equivalent federal, state and local agencies, and to cooperate with investigations by any such agencies.
I acknowledge and represent that I have not suffered any discrimination or harassment by any of the Releasees on account of race, gender, national origin, religion, marital or registered domestic partner status, sexual orientation, age, disability, veteran status, medical condition or any other characteristic protected by applicable law. I acknowledge and represent that I have not been denied any leave, benefits or rights to which I may have been entitled under the FMLA or any other federal or state law, and that I have not suffered any job-related wrongs or injuries for which I might be entitled to compensation or relief. I further acknowledge and represent that, other than the benefits that will be provided to me pursuant to Sections 4.4.2 and 4.4.3 of my Employment Agreement, I have been paid all wages, bonuses, compensation, benefits and other amounts that any of the Releasees has ever owed to me, and I am not entitled to any additional compensation, severance or benefits after the date on which my employment with Amneal terminated, with the sole exception of any benefit the right to which has vested under the express terms of an Amneal benefit plan document.
In addition, I hereby acknowledge my continuing obligations under my Employee Confidentiality, Non-Solicitation and Ownership of Inventions Agreement with Amneal and under Section 6 of the Employment Agreement, including (without limitation) my obligations not to use or disclose any proprietary or confidential information of the Group Entities. Notwithstanding anything herein or in my Employee Confidentiality, Non-Solicitation and Ownership of Inventions Agreement with Amneal, I acknowledge and I agree that, pursuant to 18 USC Section 1833(b), I will not be held criminally or civilly liable under any federal or state trade secret law for the disclosure of a trade secret that is made: (i) in confidence to a federal, state, or local government official, either directly or indirectly, or to an attorney, and solely for the purpose of reporting or investigating a suspected violation of law; or (ii) in a complaint or other document filed in a lawsuit or other proceeding, if such filing is made under seal.
I agree that if I commence any suit arising out of, based upon, or relating to any of the Claims released under this Release Agreement, then I will pay to the Releasees, and each of them, in addition to any other damages caused to the Releasees thereby, all attorneys’ fees incurred by the Releasees in defending or otherwise responding to such suit; provided, that, this paragraph shall not apply with respect to any compulsory counterclaims within the meaning of Rule 13(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, asserted by me against the Releasees bringing claims against me.
I agree that if any provision of this Release Agreement is determined to be invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part, this determination will not affect any other provision of this Release Agreement and the provision in question shall be modified so as to be rendered enforceable in a manner consistent with the intent of the parties insofar as possible under applicable law. I understand that this Release Agreement, together with my Employment Agreement, constitutes the complete, final and exclusive embodiment of the entire agreement between Amneal and me with regard to the subject matter hereof. I am not relying on any promise or representation by Amneal that is not expressly stated therein.

I acknowledge that in order for this Release Agreement to become effective, I must sign this Release Agreement and return it by email or mail to [NAME], [TITLE] (            @            .com) at Amneal, [ADDRESS], on or within forty-five (45) days after the date on which my employment terminated, and I must not exercise my right to revoke the Release Agreement as described above.
I have carefully read and fully understand this Release Agreement, and agree to be bound by its terms.

Printed Name:	 	 	

Signature:	 	 	

Date:	 	 	

Exhibit C
Proprietary Information Agreement

EMPLOYEE CONFIDENTIALITY, NON-SOLICITATION, AND
OWNERSHIP OF INVENTIONS AGREEMENT
THIS      EMPLOYEE CONFIDENTIALITY, NON-SOLICITATION, AND OWNERSHIP OF INVENTIONS AGREEMENT (the “ Agreement ”) is entered into this          day of              ,          by and between Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, (together with any past or present subsidiaries, “ Employer ”), and                  (“ Employee ”).
RECITALS
A.     Employer owns certain valuable Confidential Information (as defined below), some or all of which is used by or available to Employee in the ordinary course of his/her duties as an employee of the Employer, and protecting the Confidential Information is critical to the Employer’s success and ability to continue as a going concern; and
B.     Employer has established a policy of requiring all employees and contractors having access to its Confidential Information to enter into confidentiality agreements, and Employee acknowledges the importance of protecting the Confidential Information and is willing to enter into and be bound by this Agreement for that purpose.
AGREEMENT
NOW, THEREFORE , in consideration of the hiring and employment by the Employer of Employee, and the mutual promises set forth herein and other valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties intending to be legally bound hereby agree as follows:
1.     Recitals . The foregoing recitals are incorporated herein and made a substantive part of this Agreement.
2.     Applicability . The terms and conditions of this Agreement apply to Employee in the ordinary course of his/her duties as an employee of Employer.
3.     Confidential Information . For purposes of this Agreement, “ Confidential Information ” means all information or material of the Employer that is proprietary and confidential, including but not limited to the following types of information and material, as it may have existed in the past, currently exist or be planned, anticipated or exist in the future: (i) trade secrets, product specifications, data, know-how, formulae, formulations, compositions, designs, sketches, devices, photographs, graphs, drawings, samples, discoveries, inventions and ideas, improvements, research and development, methods and processes, customer lists, customer requirements, price lists, market studies, business plans, computer software and programs (including object code and source code), computer and database technologies, systems, structures, and architectures, discoveries, concepts, financial information and statements, marketing and pricing strategies and decisions, financial projections and budgets, historical and projected sales, capital spending, budgets and plans, the terms of contracts to which the Employer is or has been a party, the names and backgrounds of key personnel, personnel training
 
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techniques and materials, and any other information concerning the business and affairs of the Employer; (ii) notes, analyses, compilations, studies, summaries and other material prepared by or for the Employer or any employee or consultant of the Employer, including without limitation Employee, containing or based, in whole or in part, on any information included in the foregoing; (iii) the knowledge and ability to put and use together various individual elements of Confidential Information and/or public information when such knowledge and ability has been learned or developed during Employee’s employment with the Employer, whether or not on the Employer’s premises; and (iv) information and materials received by the Employer from third parties in confidence. In addition, protection of the Employer’s trade secrets as referenced above are in addition to, and not a substitute for, the “trade secrets” protected by any applicable state statute.
4.     Confidentiality . Employee agrees Employee shall not disclose to others, nor shall Employee use for Employee’s or another’s benefit, any such Confidential Information, either during Employee’s employment with the Employer or thereafter. Employee shall use Confidential Information only for the benefit of the Employer within the scope of Employee’s assigned employment duties. Except as authorized by the Employer in advance and in writing, Employee agrees (i) not to disclose Confidential Information to any entity or person not employed or retained by the Employer and (ii) not to use, transfer, or assist others in using the Confidential Information or any other property of the Employer for any purpose other than in furtherance of the business of the Employer.
5.     Exceptions .
a.     The obligations of confidentiality of Section 4 hereof do not apply to any part of the Confidential Information which Employee can demonstrate by reliable written evidence (i) was, or becomes generally available to the public other than through a breach of this Agreement by Employee; or (ii) has been acquired by Employee on a non-confidential basis from any third party having a lawful right to disclose it to Employee; or (iii) was, or is, developed by Employee without reliance on the Confidential Information; or (iv) Employee is required by law to disclose, subject to the provisions of (b) below; or (v) was already in the possession of Employee.
b.     If, pursuant to a court or other legal order, Employee is requested or required (by oral questions, interrogatories, requests for information or documents, subpoena, civil investigative demand or similar process) to disclose any information supplied to Employee during the course of Employee’s employment with Employer, it is agreed that Employee will provide Employer with prompt written notice of such request(s) or requirement (prior to complying with such disclosure request or requirement) so that Employer may seek an appropriate protective order and/or provide a limited waiver of Employee’s compliance with the provisions of this Agreement solely with respect to the referenced order.
c.     If Employee relies upon a fact or facts described in part (a) of this paragraph as the basis for disclosure of the Confidential Information, Employee bears the burden of proof with respect to the fact or facts relied upon.
 
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6.     Non-Solicitation of Employees .      Employee acknowledges that but for Employee’s employment with the Employer, Employee would not have had access to the Employer’s employees and the Confidential Information regarding same. Employee agrees that during the course of Employee’s employment and for a period of one (1) year after the cessation of Employee’s employment for any reason, Employee shall not, directly or indirectly, solicit on Employee’s behalf or on behalf of any individual or entity competing with or seeking to compete with the Employer, or directly or indirectly, assist any such individual or entity in soliciting, any employees of the Employer to leave the employ or in any other way modify or alter their respective employment or business relationship with the Employer. Employee agrees that if Employee violates any of the restrictions contained in this paragraph, the restrictive period provided for shall be increased by the period of time from the commencement of any such violation until the time such violation shall be cured by Employee; or, in the event the Employer seeks judicial enforcement of this Agreement, for a period of one (1) year from the date of any Court order enforcing the Agreement.
7.     Employer’s Ownership of Inventions and Confidential Information .     Employee agrees to immediately disclose to the Employer all Confidential Information developed in whole or in part by him/her during the term of Employee’s employment with the Employer. All right, title and interest in and to the Confidential Information including, without limitation, all intellectual property, inventions, improvements, and derivative works conceived, reduced to practice, participated in or made by Employee during his/her employment with the Employer (regardless of whether such inventions or improvements are made by Employee during his/her hours of employment or at the Employer’s facilities), are and shall remain the exclusive property of the Employer. Accordingly, Employee agrees to and hereby does grant and assign to Employer all right, title and interest in and to all Confidential Information existing now or in the future upon its creation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Employee shall without further consideration undertake any reasonable action requested by the Employer to confirm or secure the Employer’s rights in the Confidential Information including, without limitation, the execution and delivery of conveyance documents.
8.     Records and Other Employer Property .     At the Employer’s request, or upon termination of Employee’s employment with Employer, whichever is sooner, Employee agrees to turn over to Employer all notes, data, tapes, lists, reference items, sketches, drawings, memoranda, records and other materials in any way containing, constituting or relating to any Confidential Information, and other documents which are in Employee’s possession or control belonging to Employer or relating to its business.
9.     Records .     At the Employer’s request, or upon termination of Employee’s employment with Employer, Employee agrees to turn over to Employer all notes, data, tapes, lists, reference items, sketches, drawings, memoranda, records and other materials in any way containing, constituting or relating to any Confidential Information, and other documents which are in Employee’s possession or control belonging to Employer or relating to its business.
10.     Miscellaneous .     This Agreement constitutes the sole and entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes any previous or contemporaneous oral or written communications, representations, understandings or agreements with the Employer or any representative of the Employer regarding the subject matter hereof. If any provision of this
 
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Agreement is found to be invalid or unenforceable in any circumstance, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect the other provisions of this Agreement. This Agreement may not be modified or amended except by a writing signed by an authorized officer of the Employer. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New Jersey, except to the extent the issue arising under the Agreement is governed by federal law, and any dispute arising out of this Agreement that cannot be settled amicably by the parties shall be adjudicated in the state or federal courts of the State of New Jersey, the exclusive jurisdiction and venue of which the parties hereby acknowledge and agree to. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective heirs, personal representatives, successors and assigns. It is further understood and agreed that no failure or delay by a party hereto in exercising any right, power, or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise thereof preclude any other or further exercise thereof, or the exercise of any right, power or privilege hereunder. The parties acknowledge and agree that the Employer shall be entitled to seek an injunction or other equitable relief to enforce its rights under this Agreement without the necessity of posting bond and shall be entitled to recover from Employee all costs incurred by it in enforcing its rights under this Agreement, including attorney’s fees.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the parties have executed this Employee Confidentiality, Non- Solicitation, And Ownership of Inventions Agreement as an instrument under seal as of the day and year first above written.

Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC	 		 	Employee	
					
By:	 	 	 		 	By:	 	 	
Name:	 		 		 	Name:	 		
Date:	 		 		 	Date:	 		
 
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Exhibit 10.9
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (“ Agreement ”), entered into as of March 24, 2017, by and between Impax Laboratories, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), and Paul M. Bisaro (the “ Executive ”).
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, the Executive possesses unique personal knowledge, experience and expertise;
WHEREAS, effective as of March 27, 2017 (the “ Effective Date ”), the Company desires to employ the Executive, and the Executive desires to be employed by the Company, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement; and
WHEREAS, the Company and the Executive desire to enter into this Agreement as to the terms and conditions of the Executive’s employment with the Company effective as of the Effective Date.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the covenants and agreements hereinafter set forth and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:
 
1.	EMPLOYMENT AND DUTIES	
1.1  Term of Employment . The Executive’s initial term of employment under this Agreement shall commence on the Effective Date and shall continue until the second anniversary of the Effective Date (the “ Initial Term ”), unless further extended or earlier terminated as provided in this Agreement. This Agreement will automatically be renewed for single one-year periods unless written notice of non-renewal (a “ Non-Renewal Notice ”) is provided by either party at least 90 days prior to the end of the Initial Term or the successive one-year period then in effect or unless earlier terminated as provided in this Agreement. Neither non-renewal of this Agreement for additional periods after the second anniversary of the Effective Date, nor expiration of this Agreement as a result of such non-renewal, shall, by itself, result in termination of the Executive’s employment. The period of time between the Effective Date and the termination of the Executive’s employment under this Agreement or the expiration of this Agreement, whichever is earlier, shall be referred to herein as the “ Term. ”

1.2  General .
1.2.1 During the Term, the Executive shall have the titles of President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and shall have general supervision of all of the departments and business of the Company and shall prescribe the duties of all other officers and employees of the Company and such other authorities, duties and responsibilities as are prescribed by the Company’s bylaws and as may from time to time be delegated to him by the Board of Directors of the Company (the “ Board ”). The Executive shall faithfully and diligently discharge his duties hereunder and use his best efforts to implement the policies established by the Board from time to time. During the Term, the Executive shall be the highest ranking executive of the Company and no other officer will be appointed with authority over the Executive, and the Executive shall report directly to the Board.
1.2.2 The Executive shall devote all of his business time, attention, knowledge and skills faithfully, diligently and to the best of his ability, in furtherance of the business and activities of the Company; provided , however , that nothing in this Agreement shall preclude the Executive from devoting reasonable periods of time required for:
(i) serving as a director or member of a committee, in each case, in a non-lead, non-chair role, of up to two (2) publicly traded corporations and up to one (1) private organization or corporation, in each case, that does not, in the good faith determination of the Board, compete with the Company or otherwise create, or could create, in the good faith determination of the Board, a conflict of interest with the business of the Company;
(ii) delivering lectures, fulfilling speaking engagements, and any writing or publication relating to his area of expertise; provided , however , that any fees, royalties or honorariums received therefrom shall be promptly turned over to the Company;
(iii) engaging in professional organization and program activities;
 
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(iv) managing his personal passive investments and affairs; and
(v) participating in charitable or community affairs;
provided that such activities do not materially, individually or in the aggregate, interfere with the due performance of his duties and responsibilities under this Agreement or create a conflict of interest with the business of the Company, as determined in good faith by the Board. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Executive shall be permitted to continue to serve on the boards of directors upon which he serves as of the Effective Date, provided, that he takes all reasonably necessary actions to terminate any such service that violates this Section 1.2.1 on or prior to the three-month anniversary of the Effective Date and, in the interim, shall cooperate with the Board to limit any interference, conflict or violation. The Company represents that, based on current facts and circumstances, for the purposes of this Section 1.2 and Section 6.3, the Company acknowledges and accepts the Executive’s service on the boards of directors of Allergan plc and Zoetis, Inc.
1.2.3 The Executive shall obtain a comprehensive medical examination every two years during the Term, and the Company shall reimburse the Executive the cost thereof to the extent not reimbursed by health insurance.
1.2.4 The Board shall appoint the Executive as a member of the Board no later than the first regularly scheduled meeting of the Board following the Executive’s commencement of employment. At or prior to such meeting, the Board shall amend the Company’s bylaws to increase the number of authorized directors to nine. Thereafter, during the Term, at each applicable annual meeting of the Company’s stockholders, the Board shall nominate and recommend the election of the Executive by the Company’s stockholders as a director. Upon Termination for any reason under this Agreement or upon the expiration of the Term of this Agreement, the Executive shall resign immediately upon request of the Board from all officer and director positions held by him with the Company and its affiliates.
 
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1.3  Reimbursement of Expenses . During the Term, the Company shall pay the reasonable expenses incurred by the Executive in the performance of his duties hereunder, including, without limitation, those incurred in connection with business related travel (including, in the discretion of Executive, first class or business class travel), or entertainment, or, if such expenses are paid directly by the Executive, the Company shall promptly reimburse him for such payments, provided that the Executive properly accounts for such expenses in accordance with the Company’s business expense reimbursement policy. To the extent any such reimbursements (and any other reimbursements of costs and expenses provided for herein) are includable in the Executive’s gross income for Federal income tax purposes, all such reimbursements shall be made no later than March 15 of the calendar year next following the calendar year in which the expenses to be reimbursed are incurred.
 
2.	COMPENSATION	
2.1  Base Salary . During the Term, the Executive shall be entitled to receive a base salary at the annual rate of $850,000, subject to increase, or decrease, only if salary decreases are concurrently implemented across the senior executives of the Company, as determined by the Board or its Compensation Committee from time to time in its discretion, payable in accordance with the payroll practices of the Company (the “ Base Salary ”).
2.2  Incentive Bonuses . In addition to the Base Salary, during the Term the Executive shall participate in the Company’s management bonus program whereby the Executive will be eligible to receive an annual cash incentive bonus based upon a percentage of the Base Salary and attainment of goals established in writing by the Board or its Compensation Committee at the beginning of each year (the “ Incentive Bonus ”) for each completed calendar year (subject to Section 4.4 hereof) of service with the Company. Such bonus shall be paid within 2-1/2 months following the end of the calendar year to which it relates, subject to Executive’s continuous employment through the last day of the calendar year to which such bonus relates. The Executive’s Incentive Bonus for 2017 (targeted at a minimum of 100% of the Base Salary and potentially up to 150% of the Base Salary depending upon the achievement of certain business and individual objectives and criteria) will be prorated based on the number of days elapsed in the year before and after the Effective Date.
 
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2.3  Stock Option Award . Subject to approval by the Board, on the Effective Date or as soon as reasonably practicable thereafter, the Company shall grant to the Executive an option (the “ Option ”) to purchase 850,000 shares of Company common stock under, or on substantially the same terms as, its Third Amended and Restated 2002 Equity Incentive Plan, as may be amended from time to time (the “ Plan ”). The Option shall have an exercise price per share equal to the closing trading price of Company common stock on the date of grant. The Option shall vest and become exercisable with respect to 25% of the shares subject to the Option on each of the first four anniversaries of the Effective Date, in each case, subject to Executive’s continued employment to the Company through the applicable vesting date. The Option will otherwise be subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan and the Company’s standard form of stock option agreement or terms and conditions substantially similar thereto. During the Term, the Executive shall be eligible to receive such other grants of equity awards in such amounts and subject to such terms as determined by the Compensation Committee in its sole discretion.
2.5  Additional Compensation . During the Term, in addition to the foregoing, the Executive shall be eligible to receive such other compensation as may from time to time be awarded him by either the Board or the Compensation Committee in its sole discretion.
 
3.	EMPLOYEE BENEFITS	
During the Term, the Executive shall be entitled to paid time off generally made available to executive personnel of the Company and to participate in and have the benefit of all group life, disability, hospital, surgical and major medical insurance plans and programs and other employee benefit plans and programs as generally are made available to executive personnel of the Company, as such benefit plans or programs may be amended or terminated in the sole discretion of the Board and with the concurrence of the Compensation Committee, from time to time. The Executive shall accrue up to twenty (20) days paid time off each calendar year which will accrue in accordance with the Company’s Paid Time Off (PTO) & Holiday Policy.
 
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4.	TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT	
4.1  General . The Executive’s employment under this Agreement may be terminated without any breach of this Agreement only on the following circumstances:
4.1.1  Death . The Executive’s employment under this Agreement shall terminate upon his death.
4.1.2  Disability . If the Executive suffers a Disability (as defined below), the Company may terminate the Executive’s employment under this Agreement upon 30 days prior written notice; provided that the Executive has not returned to full time performance of his duties during such 30-day period. For purposes of this Agreement, “ Disability ” shall mean the Executive’s inability to perform his duties and responsibilities hereunder, with or without reasonable accommodation, due to any physical or mental illness or incapacity, which condition either (i) has continued for a period of 180 days (including weekends and holidays) in any consecutive 365-day period, or (ii) is projected by the Board in good faith after consulting with a doctor selected by the Company and consented to by the Executive (or, in the event of the Executive’s incapacity, his legal representative), such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, that the condition is likely to continue for a period of at least six consecutive months from its commencement.
4.1.3  Good Reason . The Executive may terminate his employment under this Agreement for Good Reason (as defined below) at any time on or prior to the 60th day after the occurrence of any of the Good Reason events set forth in the following sentence. For purposes of this Agreement, “ Good Reason ” shall mean the occurrence of any of the following events without the Executive’s consent and which is not cured by the Company upon written notice by the Executive, such notice to have been provided by the Executive within 30 days of any such event having occurred:
(i) any action or inaction by the Company constituting a material breach of the Agreement by the Company;
(ii) a material diminution of the authorities, duties or responsibilities of the Executive set forth in Section 1.2 above (other than temporarily while the Executive is physically or mentally incapacitated and unable to properly perform such duties, as determined by the Board in good faith);
 
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(iii) the loss of any of the titles of the Executive with the Company set forth in Section 1.2 above;
(iv) a material reduction by the Company in the Base Salary or in any of the percentages of the Base Salary payable as an Incentive Bonus, but, except in the case of a reduction following a Change in Control (as defined below), not including a reduction in the Base Salary or in any of the percentages of the Base Salary payable as an Incentive Bonus which is consistent with the reduction in the Base Salary or in any of the percentages of the Base Salary payable as an Incentive Bonus imposed on all senior executives of the Company;
(v) the failure by the Board to, at the end of the applicable Board term, nominate or renominate the Executive to serve as a member of the Board (other than as a result of the Executive’s death or Disability, or because of a legal prohibition under applicable law or regulation);
(vi) the assignment to the Executive of duties or responsibilities that are negatively and materially inconsistent with any of his duties and responsibilities set forth in Section 1.2 hereof;
(vii) a material change in the reporting structure set forth in Section 1.2.1 hereof;
(viii) the delivery to the Executive by the Company of a Non-Renewal Notice; or
(ix) a Change in Control occurs.
4.1.4  Without Good Reason . The Executive may voluntarily terminate his employment under this Agreement without Good Reason upon written notice by the Executive to the Company at least 60 days prior to the effective date of such termination (which termination the Company may, in its sole discretion, make effective earlier than the date set forth in the Notice of Termination (as defined below)).
 
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4.1.5  Cause . The Company may terminate the Executive’s employment under this Agreement at any time for Cause (as defined below). For purposes of this Agreement, termination for “ Cause ” shall mean termination of the Executive’s employment because of the occurrence of any of the following as determined in good faith by the Board:
(i) the willful and continued failure by the Executive to substantially perform his obligations under this Agreement (other than any such failure resulting from the Executive’s incapacity due to a Disability); provided , however , that the Company shall have provided the Executive with a Notice of Termination specifying such failure and the Executive shall have been afforded at least 15 business days within which to cure same;
(ii) the indictment of the Executive for, or his conviction of or plea of guilty or nolo contendere to, a felony or any other crime involving moral turpitude or dishonesty;
(iii) the Executive’s willful misconduct in the performance of his duties hereunder (including theft, fraud, embezzlement, and securities law violations;
(iv) the Executive’s violation of the Company’s Code of Conduct or other written policies; provided , however , that the Company shall have provided the Executive with a Notice of Termination specifying such failure and the Executive shall have been afforded at least 15 business days within which to cure same; or
(v) the Executive’s willful misconduct other than in the performance of his duties for the Company (including theft, fraud, embezzlement, and securities law violations) that is actually or potentially materially injurious to the Company in the Company’s reasonable business judgement, monetarily or otherwise.
For purposes of this Section 4.1.5, no act or failure to act on the part of the Executive shall be considered “ willful ,” unless done, or omitted to be done, without reasonable belief that his action or omission was in, or not opposed to, the best interest of the Company (including its reputation). Prior to any termination for Cause, the Company shall provide the Executive with a Notice of Termination specifying the event constituting Cause and shall give the Executive the opportunity to appear before the Board to present his views on the Cause event. If, after such hearing, the majority of the full Board (excluding the Executive) does not support such termination, the Notice of Termination shall be rescinded. After providing the notice in the foregoing sentence, the Board may suspend the Executive with full pay and benefits until a final determination pursuant to this Section has been made.
 
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4.1.6  Without Cause . The Company may terminate the Executive’s employment under this Agreement without Cause immediately upon written notice by the Company to the Executive, other than for death or Disability.
4.1.7  Definition of Change in Control . For purposes of this Agreement, a “ Change in Control ” shall be deemed to occur upon any of the following events, provided that such an event is a Change in Control Event within the meaning of Code Section 409A (as defined below): (a) any “ person ” as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”) (other than the Company, any trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under any employee benefit plan of the Company, or any company owned, directly or indirectly, by the stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the common stock), becoming the beneficial owner (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing more than 50% of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding securities; (b) during any period of 12 consecutive months, the individuals who, at the beginning of such period, constitute the Board, and any new director whose election by the Board or nomination for election by the Company’s stockholders was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the directors then still in office who either were directors at the beginning of the 12-month period or whose election or nomination for election was previously so approved, cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board; (c) a merger or consolidation of the Company with any other corporation or other entity, other than a merger or consolidation that would result in the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto (and held by persons that are not affiliates of the acquirer) continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting securities of the surviving entity) more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of
 
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the Company or such surviving entity outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation; provided , however , that a merger or consolidation effected to implement a recapitalization of the Company (or similar transaction) in which no person (other than those covered by the exceptions in clause (a) of this Section 4.4.4) acquires more than 50% of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding securities shall not constitute a Change in Control; or (d) the consummation of a sale or other disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, including a liquidation, other than the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company to a person or persons who beneficially own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the combined voting power of the outstanding voting securities of the Company immediately prior to the time of the sale or other disposition.
4.2  Notice of Termination . Any termination of the Executive’s employment by the Company or by the Executive (other than termination by reason of the Executive’s death) shall be communicated by written Notice of Termination to the other party of this Agreement. For purposes of this Agreement, a “ Notice of Termination ” shall mean a written notice which shall indicate the specific termination provision in this Agreement relied upon and shall set forth in reasonable detail the facts and circumstances claimed to provide the basis for such termination.
4.3  Date of Termination . The “ Date of Termination ” shall mean (a) if the termination is the result of the Executive’s death, the date of his death, (b) if the termination is pursuant to Section 4.1.2 hereof, 30 days after the Notice of Termination is given (provided that the Executive shall not have returned to the performance of his duties on a full-time basis during such 30-day period), (c) if the termination is pursuant to Section 4.1.3 or Section 4.1.5 hereof, the date specified in the Notice of Termination after the expiration of any applicable cure period, (d) if the termination is pursuant to Section 4.1.4 hereof, the date specified in the Notice of Termination which shall be at least 60 days after the Notice of Termination is given, or such earlier date as the Company shall determine in its sole discretion, and (e) if the termination is pursuant to Section 4.1.6 hereof, the date on which the Notice of Termination is given.
 
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4.4  Compensation Upon Termination .
4.4.1  Termination for Cause or without Good Reason . If the Executive’s employment shall be terminated by the Company for Cause or by the Executive without Good Reason, the Executive shall receive from the Company: (a) any earned but unpaid Base Salary through the Date of Termination, paid in accordance with the Company’s standard payroll practices; (b) any Incentive Bonus earned but unpaid for a prior fiscal year, paid in accordance with Section 2.2 (including payment timing); (c) reimbursement for any unreimbursed expenses properly incurred and paid in accordance with Section 1.3 hereof through the Date of Termination; (d) payment for any accrued but unused vacation time in accordance with Company policy; (e) all stock options and restricted stock previously granted to the Executive that have vested in accordance with the terms of such grants; and (f) such vested accrued benefits, and other payments, if any, as to which the Executive (and his eligible dependents) may be entitled under, and in accordance with the terms and conditions of, the employee benefit arrangements, plans and programs of the Company as of the Date of Termination, other than any severance pay plan (such amounts and benefits set forth in clauses (a) though (f) being referred to hereinafter as the “ Amounts and Benefits ”), and the Company shall have no further obligation with respect to this Agreement other than as provided in Sections 6.5, 7 and 8 hereof. Any stock options and restricted stock previously granted to the Executive that have not vested in accordance with the terms of their grants as of the Date of Termination shall be forfeited as of the Date of Termination.
4.4.2  Termination as a result of Death, Disability, Without Cause or For Good Reason . If, prior to the expiration of the Term, the Executive resigns from his employment hereunder for Good Reason, his employment is terminated by reason of his death or the Company terminates the Executive’s employment hereunder without Cause or for reason of Executive’s Disability, then the Company shall pay or provide the Executive the Amounts and Benefits and, subject to Section 4.4.8:
 
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(i) Subject to Section 8.10.2, an amount equal to the sum of (x) the balance of the Base Salary due under this Agreement or two times the Base Salary as then in effect (without taking into account any reduction therein that constitutes a basis for Good Reason), whichever is greater, plus (y) an amount equal to two times the average of the Incentive Bonus the Executive received from the Company for all fiscal years completed during the Term, with the aggregate amount due paid in equal installments on the Company’s normal payroll dates for a period of 12 months from the Date of Termination in accordance with the normal payroll practices of the Company, with each such payment deemed to be a separate payment for the purposes of Code Section 409A (as defined below);
(ii) in the event such resignation or termination occurs following the Company’s first fiscal quarter of any year, a pro rata portion of the Executive’s Incentive Bonus for the fiscal year in which the Executive’s termination occurs based on actual results for such year (determined by multiplying the amount of such Incentive Bonus which would be due for the full fiscal year, as determined in good faith by the Board, by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days during the fiscal year of termination that the Executive is employed by the Company and the denominator of which is 365), paid in accordance with Section 2.2 (including payment timing, “ Pro Rata Bonus ”); and
(iii) the continuation of all benefits for 24 months from the Date of Termination.
In addition, subject to Section 4.4.8, the vesting of all unvested stock options and restricted stock previously granted to the Executive shall be accelerated by (x) 24 months, in the case of a termination by the Company without Cause or resignation for Good Reason or (y) 12 months, in the case of a termination on account of Executive’s death or Disability, and any such stock options, notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in the option or the plan pursuant to which the option was granted, shall remain exercisable for a period of 12 months following the Date of Termination or, if earlier, until the original expiration date of the option.
 
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4.4.3  Termination Following Change in Control . Anything contained herein to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event the Executive resigns from his employment hereunder for Good Reason, the Company terminates the Executive’s employment hereunder without Cause or Executive’s employment terminates by reason of death or Disability, in each case, within 60 days preceding or 12 months following a Change in Control (as defined below), or the Term expires or is not renewed due to the Company’s delivery of a notice of nonrenewal and the Executive’s employment is then terminated without Cause within 12 months following a Change in Control, then the Company shall pay or provide the Executive the Amounts and Benefits and, subject to Section 4.4.8, a severance payment as follows:
(i) subject to Section 8.9.2, an amount equal to the sum of (x) the balance of the Base Salary due under this Agreement or two and one half times the Base Salary as then in effect (without taking into account any reduction therein that constitutes a basis for Good Reason), whichever is greater, plus (y) an amount equal to two and one half times the average of the Incentive Bonus the Executive received from the Company for all fiscal years completed during the Term, with the aggregate amount due paid in equal installments on the Company’s normal payroll dates for a period of 12 months from the Date of Termination in accordance with the normal payroll practices of the Company, with each such payment deemed to be a separate payment for the purposes of Code Section 409A (as defined below);
(ii) in the event such resignation or termination occurs following the Company’s first fiscal quarter of any year, a Pro Rata Bonus, paid in accordance with Section 2.2 (including payment timing); and
(iii) the continuation of all benefits for 24 months from the Date of Termination.
In addition, subject to Section 4.4.8, the vesting of all unvested stock options and restricted stock previously granted to the Executive shall be accelerated to the Date of Termination and any such stock options, notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in the option or the plan pursuant to which the option was granted, shall remain exercisable for a period of 12 months following the Date of Termination or, if earlier, until the original expiration date of the option.
 
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4.4.4  No Mitigation or Offset . The Executive shall not be required to mitigate the amount of any payment provided for in this Section 4.4 by seeking other employment or otherwise, nor shall the amount of any payment provided for in this Section 4.4 be reduced by any compensation earned by the Executive as the result of employment by another employer or business or by profits earned by the Executive from any other source at any time before and after the Date of Termination.
4.4.5  Release . Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in this Agreement, the Company’s obligation to pay or provide the Executive with the payments and benefits under Sections 4.4.2 and 4.4.3 (other than the Amounts and Benefits), and any distributions with respect to the restricted stock and stock options under Sections 4.4.2 and 4.4.3, shall be conditioned on the Executive’s execution and failure to revoke a waiver and general release in a form generally consistent with Exhibit A hereto (subject to such changes as may be necessary at the time of execution in order to make such release enforceable) (the “ Release ”). The Company shall provide the Release to the Executive within seven days following the applicable Date of Termination. In order to receive the payments and benefits under Sections 4.4.2 and 4.4.3 (other than the Amounts and Benefits) and the distributions with respect to the restricted stock and stock options under Sections 4.4.2 and 4.4.3, the Executive will be required to execute and deliver the Release within 21 days after the date it is provided to him and not to revoke it within seven days following such execution and delivery. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, (i) all payments delayed pursuant to this Section, except to the extent delayed pursuant to Section 8.10.2, shall be paid to the Executive in a lump sum on the first Company payroll date on or following the 60th day after the Date of Termination, and any remaining payments due under this Agreement shall be paid or provided in accordance with the normal payment dates specified for them herein, with each such payment deemed to be a separate and distinct payment for the purposes of Code Section 409A (as defined below) and (ii) all distributions with respect to the restricted stock and stock options delayed pursuant to this Section, except to the extent delayed pursuant to Section 8.10.2, shall be distributed to the Executive on the 60th day after the Date of Termination.
 
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5.	INSURABILITY; RIGHT TO INSURE	
The Company shall have the right to maintain key man life insurance in its own name covering the Executive’s life in an amount of up to $50,000,000.00. The Executive shall fully cooperate in the procuring of such insurance, including submitting to any required medical examination and by completing, executing and delivering such applications and other instrument in writing as may be reasonably required by any insurance company to which application for insurance may be made by the Company. The Company’s ability to procure any key man life insurance covering Executive’s life shall not be a condition of employment.
 
6.	CONFIDENTIALITY; NON-COMPETITION; NON-SOLICITATION; NON- DISPARAGEMENT; COOPERATION	
6.1  Confidential Information . The Company and the Executive acknowledge that the services to be performed by the Executive under this Agreement are unique and extraordinary and, as a result of such employment, the Executive shall be in possession of Confidential Information (as defined below) relating to the business practices of the Company and its subsidiaries and affiliates (collectively, the “ Company Group ”). The term “ Confidential Information ” shall mean any and all information (oral and written) relating to the Company Group, or any of their respective activities, or of the clients, customers or business practices of the Company Group, other than such information which (i) is generally available to the public or within the relevant trade or industry, other than as the result of breach of the provisions of this Section 6.1, or (ii) the Executive is required to disclose under any applicable laws, regulations or directives of any government agency, tribunal or authority having jurisdiction in the matter or under subpoena or other process of law. Confidential Information includes, but it not limited to, information that the Executive creates, develops, derives, obtains, makes known, or learns about which has commercial value in the business in which the Company Group is involved and which is treated by the Company Group as confidential, such as trade secrets, ideas, processes, formulas, compounds, compositions, research and clinical data, know-how, discoveries, developments, designs, innovations,
 
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plans, strategies, pricing, costs, financial information, employee information, forecasts and current and prospective customer and supplier lists. The Executive shall not, during the Term or at any time thereafter, except as may be required in the course of the performance of his duties hereunder (including pursuant to Section 6.6 below) and except with respect to any litigation or arbitration involving this Agreement, including the enforcement hereof, directly or indirectly, use, communicate, disclose or disseminate to any person, firm or corporation any Confidential Information acquired by the Executive during, or as a result of, his employment with the Company, without the prior written consent of the Company. Without limiting the foregoing, the Executive understands that the Executive shall be prohibited from misappropriating any trade secret of the Company Group or of the clients or customers of the Company Group acquired by the Executive during, or as a result of, his employment with the Company, at any time during or after the Term.
6.2  Return of Property . Upon the termination of the Executive’s employment for any reason all Company Group property that is in the possession of the Executive, including all documents, records, drug formulations, notebooks, equipment, price lists, specifications, programs, customer and prospective customer lists and other materials that contain Confidential Information that are in the possession of the Executive, including all copies thereof, shall be promptly returned to the Company. Anything to the contrary herein notwithstanding, the Executive shall be entitled to retain (i) papers and other materials of a personal nature, including photographs, correspondence, personal diaries, calendars and rolodexes, personal files and phone books, (ii) information showing his compensation or relating to reimbursement of expenses, (iii) information that he reasonably believes may be needed for tax purposes and (iv) copies of plans, programs and agreements relating to his employment, or termination thereof, with the Company.
6.3  Non-Competition . Except in the case of a Termination pursuant to Section 4.4.3 following a Change in Control, the Executive hereby agrees that he shall not, during the Term, directly or indirectly, engage or have an interest in, or render any services to, any business (whether as owner, manager, operator, licensor, licensee, lender, partner, stockholder, joint venturer, employee, consultant or otherwise)
 
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(such activities hereinafter referred to collectively as “ Engaging ”) that competes directly with the Company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall prevent the Executive from (i) owning securities in a publicly traded entity whose activities compete with those of the Company (or any member thereof), provided that such securities holdings are not greater than five percent of the equity ownership in such entity; (ii) Engaging in the business of the ownership and licensing (as licensor) of trademarks and brands if the products or services carrying such trademarks and brands do not compete with the products or services carrying the trademarks and brands owned and licensed (as licensor) by the Company, or that the Company is actively planning to own or license (as licensor), on the Date of Termination; or (iii) Engaging in an operating company (including ownership of securities of such operating company’s holding company) with annual revenues not in excess of $10,000,000.
6.4  Prohibition on Use of Confidential Information to Solicit Customers and Prospects . During the Executive’s employment, the Executive shall not engage in any other employment or activity that might materially interfere with the interests of the Company Group. Furthermore, the Executive shall not, except in the furtherance of the Executive’s duties hereunder, directly or indirectly, individually or on behalf of any other person, firm, corporation or other entity, (i) during the Term (except in the good faith performance of his duties) and for a period of 24 months thereafter, solicit, aid or induce any employee, representative or agent of the Company to leave such employment or retention or to accept employment with or render services to or with any other person, firm, corporation or other entity unaffiliated with the Company or hire or retain any such employee, representative or agent, or take any action to materially assist or aid any other person, firm, corporation or other entity in identifying, hiring or soliciting any such employee, representative or agent, (ii) during the Term (except in the good faith performance of his duties) and for a period of 12 months thereafter, solicit, aid or induce (or attempt to do any of the foregoing) directly or indirectly, any current or prospective customer of the Company with whom the Executive in any way dealt with at any time during the last two years of the Executive’s employment to purchase goods or services then sold by the Company from another person, firm, corporation or other

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entity or assist or aid any other persons or entity in identifying or soliciting any such customer or (iii) during the Term (except in the good faith performance of his duties) and for a period of 24 months thereafter, interfere in any manner with the relationship of the Company and any of its vendors. An employee, representative or agent shall be deemed covered by this Section while so employed or retained by the Company and for six months thereafter. Anything to the contrary herein notwithstanding, the following shall not be deemed a violation of this Section 6.4: (a) the Executive’s solicitation of the Company’s customers and/or vendors in connection with, and directly related to, his Engaging in a business that complies with Sections 6.3(ii) or (iii); (b) the Executive’s responding to an unsolicited request for an employment reference regarding any former employee of the Company from such former employee, or from a third party, by providing a reference setting forth his personal views about such former employee; or (c) if an entity with which the Executive is associated hires or engages any employee of the Company, if the Executive was not, directly or indirectly, involved in hiring or identifying such person as a potential recruit or assisting in the recruitment of such employee. For purposes hereof, the Executive shall be deemed to have been involved “ indirectly ” in soliciting, hiring or identifying an employee only if the Executive (x) directs a third party to solicit or hire the Employee, (y) identifies an employee to a third party as a potential recruit or (z) aids, assists or participates with a third party in soliciting or hiring an employee.
6.5  Non-Disparagement . At no time during or within five years after the Term shall the Executive, directly or indirectly, disparage the Company Group or any of the Company Group’s past or present employees, directors, products or services. The Company shall advise its senior officers and the members of the Board (while serving in such capacities) not to disparage the Executive during the period. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this Section 6.5 shall prevent any person from making any truthful statement to the extent (i) necessary to rebut any untrue public statements made about him or her; (ii) necessary with respect to any litigation, arbitration or mediation involving this Agreement and the enforcement thereof; (iii) required by law or by any court, arbitrator, mediator or administrative or legislative body (including any committee thereof) with jurisdiction over such person; or (iv) made as good faith competitive statements in the ordinary course of business.
 
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6.6  Cooperation . Upon the receipt of reasonable notice from the Company (including the Company’s outside counsel), the Executive shall, while employed by the Company and thereafter, respond and provide information with regard to matters of which the Executive has knowledge as a result of the Executive’s employment with the Company and will provide reasonable assistance to the Company Group and its representatives in defense of any claims that may be made against the Company Group (or any member thereof), and will provide reasonable assistance to the Company Group in the prosecution of any claims that may be made by the Company Group (or any member thereof), to the extent that such claims may relate to matters related to the Executive’s period of employment with the Company (or any predecessors). Any request for such cooperation shall take into account the Executive’s personal and business commitments. The Executive shall promptly inform the Company (to the extent the Executive is legally permitted to do so) if the Executive is asked to assist in any investigation of the Company Group (or any member thereof) or their actions, regardless of whether a lawsuit or other proceeding has then been filed with respect to such investigation. If the Executive is required to provide any services pursuant to this Section 6.6 following the Term, upon presentation of appropriate documentation, the Company shall promptly reimburse the Executive for reasonable out-of-pocket travel, lodging, communication and duplication expenses incurred in connection with the performance of such services and in accordance with the Company’s expense policy for its senior officers (provided that it shall be in Executive’s discretion to travel via first or business class, which costs shall be reimbursable by the Company), for reasonable legal fees to the extent the Executive in good faith believes that separate legal representation is reasonably required, and for the Executive’s time at a rate equivalent to the Executive’s most recent base salary. The Executive’s entitlement to reimbursement of such costs and expenses, including legal fees, pursuant to this Section 6.6, shall in no way affect the Executive’s rights, if any, to be indemnified and/or advanced expenses in accordance with the Company’s (or any of its subsidiaries’) corporate or other organizational documents, any applicable insurance policy, and/or in accordance with this Agreement.
 
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6.7  Remedies and Reformation . Without intending to limit the remedies available to the Company, the Executive acknowledges that a breach of any of the covenants contained in this Section 6 may result in material and irreparable injury to the Company, or its affiliates or subsidiaries, for which there is no adequate remedy at law, that it will not be possible to measure damages for such injuries precisely and that, in the event of such a breach or threat the Company shall be entitled to a temporary restraining order and/or a preliminary or permanent injunction restraining the Executive from engaging in activities prohibited by this Section 6 or such other relief as may be required specifically to enforce any of the covenants in this Section 6. If for any reason it is held that the restrictions under this Section 6 are not reasonable or that consideration therefor is inadequate, such restrictions shall be interpreted or modified to include as much of the duration and scope identified in this Section as will render such restrictions valid and enforceable.
6.8  Violations . In the event of any violation of the provisions of this Section 6, the Executive acknowledges and agrees that: (a) the post-termination restrictions contained in this Section 6 shall be extended by a period of time equal to the period of such violation, it being the intention of the parties hereto that the running of the applicable post-termination restriction period shall be tolled during any period of such violation; (b) any severance payable which remains unpaid or other benefits yet to be received under Section 4.4.2 or 4.4.3 shall be forfeited by the Executive; and (c) any vested options not exercised as of the date of any violation of the provisions of this Section 6 shall be forfeited.
 
7.	INDEMNIFICATION; DIRECTORS’ AND OFFICERS’ LIABILITY INSURANCE	
During the Term and thereafter, the Company shall indemnify and hold harmless the Executive and his heirs and representatives as, and to the extent, provided in the Company’s by-laws. During the Term and thereafter, the Company shall also cover the Executive under the Company’s directors’ and officers’ liability insurance on the same basis as it covers other senior executive officers and directors of the Company.
 
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8.	MISCELLANEOUS	
8.1  Notices . All notices or communications hereunder shall be in writing, addressed as follows (or to such other address as either party may have furnished to the other in writing by like notice):

                                    	 	To the Company:	 	Impax Laboratories, Inc.	
			
	 		 	31047 Genstar Rd.	
			
	 		 	Hayward, CA 94544	
			
	 		 	Attn: Chairman, Compensation Committee	
			
	 		 	To the Executive, at the last address for the Executive on the books of the Company.	
All such notices shall be conclusively deemed to be received and shall be effective (i) if sent by hand delivery, upon receipt, (ii) if sent by telecopy or facsimile transmission, upon confirmation of receipt by the sender of such transmission, (iii) if sent by overnight courier, one business day after being sent by overnight courier, or (iv) if sent by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, on the fifth day after the day on which such notice is mailed.
8.2  Testing; Verification . As a condition of the Executive’s employment with the Company, the Executive will be required to successfully complete a drug test, background check and credit check, the cost of which shall be paid by the Company. In addition, to comply with Department of Homeland Security, the Executive will be required to provide verification of the Executive’s identity and legal right to work in the United States and must complete a Form I-9 within the first three (3) days of the Effective Date. The Company shall notify the Executive of the identity of a clinic for drug testing that is local to the Executive, and the Executive hereby agrees to schedule an appointment with such clinic within forty-eight (48) hours of the date of this Agreement. In the event the Executive fails any such tests or such verification, then this Agreement shall be void ab initio and of no further force or effect.
 
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8.3  Severability . Each provision of this Agreement shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Agreement is held to be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision will be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provision or the remaining provisions of this Agreement.
8.4  Binding Effect; Benefits . The Executive may not delegate his duties or assign his rights hereunder. No rights or obligations of the Company under this Agreement may be assigned or transferred by the Company other than pursuant to a merger or consolidation in which the Company is not the continuing entity, or a sale, liquidation or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, provided that the assignee or transferee is the successor to all or substantially all of the assets or businesses of the Company and assumes the liabilities, obligations and duties of the Company under this Agreement, either contractually or by operation of law. The Company further agrees that, in the event of any disposition of its business and assets described in the preceding sentence, it shall use its best efforts to cause such assignee or transferee expressly to assume the liabilities, obligations and duties of the Company hereunder. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term “ Company ” shall include the Company and, subject to the foregoing, any of its successors and assigns. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of, and be binding upon, the parties hereto and their respective heirs, legal representatives, successors and permitted assigns.
8.5 [Intentionally Omitted.]
8.6  Entire Agreement . This Agreement, including the Exhibits hereto, represent the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and shall supersede any and all previous contracts, arrangements, proposed terms or understandings between the Company and the Executive. This Agreement (including any of the Exhibits hereto) may be amended, modified or replaced at any time by mutual written agreement of the parties hereto. In the case of any conflict between any express term of this Agreement and any statement contained in any plan, program, arrangement, employment manual, memorandum or rule of general applicability of the Company, this Agreement shall control.
 
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8.7  Withholding . The payment of any amount pursuant to this Agreement shall be subject to applicable withholding and payroll taxes, and such other deductions as may be required by applicable law.
8.8  Governing Law . This Agreement and the performance of the parties hereunder shall be governed by the internal laws (and not the law of conflicts) of the State of Delaware.
8.9  Arbitration . Any dispute or controversy, including, but not limited to, discrimination claims and claims involving a class, arising under or in connection with this Agreement or the Executive’s employment with the Company, other than injunctive relief under Section 6.7 hereof, shall be settled exclusively by arbitration, conducted before a single arbitrator in Delaware (applying Delaware law) in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules and Procedures of the American Arbitration Association then in effect. The decision of the arbitrator will be final and binding upon the parties hereto. Judgment may be entered on the arbitrator’s award in any court having jurisdiction. The parties acknowledge and agree that in connection with any such arbitration and regardless of outcome (a) each party shall pay all its own costs and expenses, including without limitation its own legal fees and expenses, and (b) joint expenses shall be borne equally among the parties. EACH PARTY WAIVES RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY.
8.10  Section 409A of the Code .
8.10.1  General . It is intended that the provisions of this Agreement comply with Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code and the regulations and guidance promulgated thereunder (collectively “ Code Section 409A ”), and all provisions of this Agreement shall be construed in a manner consistent with the requirements for avoiding taxes or penalties under Code Section 409A. If any provision of this Agreement (or of any award of compensation, including equity compensation or benefits) would cause the Executive to incur any additional tax or interest under Code Section 409A, the Company shall, upon the specific request of the Executive, use its reasonable business efforts to in good faith reform
 
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such provision to comply with Code Section 409A; provided, that to the maximum extent practicable, the original intent and economic benefit to the Executive and the Company of the applicable provision shall be maintained. The Company shall timely use its reasonable business efforts to amend any plan or program in which the Executive participates to bring it in compliance with Code Section 409A.
8.10.2  Separation from Service; Six-Month Delay . A termination of employment shall not be deemed to have occurred for purposes of any provision of this Agreement providing for the payment of any amounts or benefits upon or following a termination of employment unless such termination is also a “ Separation from Service ” within the meaning of Code Section 409A and, for purposes of any such provision of this Agreement, references to a “ resignation ,” “ termination ,” “ termination of employment ” or like terms shall mean Separation from Service. If the Executive is deemed on the Date of Termination to be a “ specified employee ,” within the meaning of that term under Section (a)(2)(B) of Code Section 409A (“ Code Section 409(a)(2)(B) ”)and using the identification methodology selected by the Company from time to time, or if none, the default methodology, then with regard to any payment, the providing of any benefit or any distribution of equity made subject to this Section 8.10.2, to the extent required to be delayed in compliance with Code Section 409A(a)(2)(B), and any other payment, the provision of any other benefit or any other distribution of equity that is required to be delayed in compliance with Code Section 409A(a)(2)(B), such payment, benefit or distribution shall not be made or provided prior to the earlier of (i) the expiration of the six-month period measured from the date of the Executive’s Separation from Service or (ii) the date of the Executive’s death. On the first day of the seventh month following the date of the Executive’s Separation from Service or, if earlier, on the date of his death, (x) all payments delayed pursuant to this Section 8.10.2 (whether they would have otherwise been payable in a single sum or in installments in the absence of such delay) shall be paid or reimbursed to the Executive in a lump sum, and any remaining payments and benefits due under this Agreement shall be paid or provided in accordance with the normal payment dates specified for them herein and (y) all distributions of equity delayed pursuant to this Section 8.10.2 shall be made to the Executive. In addition
 
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to the foregoing, to the extent required by Code Section 409A(a)(2)(B), prior to the occurrence of both a Disability termination as provided in Section 4.1.2 hereof and the Executive’s becoming “disabled” under Code Section 409A, the payment of any compensation to the Executive under this Agreement shall be suspended for a period of six months commencing at such time that the Executive shall be deemed to have had a Separation from Service because either (A) a sick leave ceases to be a bona fide sick leave of absence, or (B) the permitted time period for a sick leave of absence expires (an “ SFS Disability ”), without regard to whether such SFS Disability actually results in a Disability termination. Promptly following the expiration of such six-month period, all compensation suspended pursuant to the foregoing sentence (whether it would have otherwise been payable in a single sum or in installments in the absence of such suspension) shall be paid or reimbursed to the Executive in a lump sum. On any delayed payment date under this Section 8.10.2, there shall be paid to the Executive or, if the Executive has died, to his estate, in a single cash lump sum together with the payment of such delayed payment, interest on the aggregate amount of such delayed payment at the Delayed Payment Interest Rate (as defined below) computed from the date on which such delayed payment otherwise would have been made to the Executive until the date paid. For purposes of the foregoing, the “ Delayed Payment Interest Rate ” shall mean the prime interest rate as reported in The Wall Street Journal as of the business day immediately preceding the payment date for the applicable delayed payment.
8.10.3  Expense Reimbursement . With regard to any provision herein that provides for reimbursement of costs and expenses or in-kind benefits, except as permitted by Code Section 409A, (i) the right to reimbursement or in-kind benefits shall not be subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit, (ii) the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in-kind benefits, provided during any taxable year shall not affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in-kind benefits to be provided, in any other taxable year, provided that the foregoing clause (ii) shall not be violated with regard to expenses reimbursed under any arrangement covered by Section 105(b) of the Internal Revenue Code and the regulations and guidance promulgated thereunder solely because such expenses are subject to a limit related to the period the arrangement is in effect and (iii) such payments shall be made on or before the last day of the Executive’s taxable year following the taxable year in which the expense was incurred.
 
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8.11  Survivorship . Except as otherwise expressly set forth in this Agreement, upon the expiration of the Term, the respective rights and obligations of the parties shall survive such expiration to the extent necessary to carry out the intentions of the parties as embodied in this Agreement. This Agreement shall continue in effect until there are no further rights or obligations of the parties outstanding hereunder and shall not be terminated by either party without the express prior written consent of both parties.
8.12  Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in counterparts (including by electronic transmission) which, when taken together, shall constitute one and the same agreement of the parties.
8.13  Company Representations . The Company represents and warrants to the Executive that (i) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement (and the agreements referred to herein) by the Company has been fully and validly authorized by all necessary corporate action, (ii) the officer or director signing this Agreement on behalf of the Company is duly authorized to do so, (iii) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement does not violate any applicable law, regulation, order, judgment or decree or any agreement, plan or corporate governance document to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound and (iv) upon execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Executive and the Company, it shall be a valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except to the extent that enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally.
[Signature Page Follows]
 
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Agreement to be duly executed and the Executive has hereunto set his hand, as of the date first set forth above.

	 	Impax Laboratories, Inc.	
		
By:	 	/s/ Robert L. Burr	
Name:	 	Robert L. Burr	
Title:	 	Chairman of the Board of Directors	
		
	 	/s/ Paul M. Bisaro	
	 	Paul M. Bisaro	
 
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EXHIBIT A
Form of General Release and Waiver
General Release and Waiver
This General Release and Waiver (this “ Release ”) is entered into effective as of             , by Paul M. Bisaro (the “ Executive ”), on the one hand, and Impax Laboratories, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates (collectively, the “ Company ”), on the other hand (the Executive and the Company are referred to collectively as the “ Parties ”). Defined terms used but not defined herein shall have the same meaning as set forth in the Employment Agreement between the Executive and the Company dated March 24, 2017 (“ Employment Agreement ”).
1.  Confirmation of Termination . The Executive’s employment with the Company is terminated as of             (the “ Termination Date ”). This Release sets forth the payments, benefits, and other terms and conditions that the Company will provide to the Executive under [, and serves as notice of, an election by the Company of a termination pursuant to Section 4.1.6 of] the Employment Agreement. If the Executive executes, delivers, and does not revoke this Release as set forth in Section 13 below, the Executive will be entitled to the payments and benefits pursuant to the terms hereof. Except as set forth in this Release, the Executive acknowledges and agrees that the Termination Date is the date of termination of his employment for all purposes, including for purposes of participation in and coverage under all benefit plans and programs sponsored by or through the Company. The Executive acknowledges and agrees that the Company shall not have any obligation to rehire the Executive, nor shall the Company have any obligation to consider him for employment after the Termination Date. The Executive acknowledges and agrees that he will not knowingly seek employment with the Company at any time in the future, and that the Company’s refusal to employ the Executive in any future capacity will not subject the Company to liability on any grounds. In the event that the Release does not become effective pursuant to Section 13 of this Release or otherwise, then Company reserves the right to claim that the Executive’s employment was terminated pursuant to Section 4.1.5 of the Employment Agreement.

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2.  Resignation . Effective as of the Termination Date, the Executive hereby resigns as an officer and director of the Company and all of its subsidiaries and affiliates and from any positions held with any other entities at the direction or request of the Company. The Executive agrees to promptly execute and deliver such other documents as the Company shall reasonably request to evidence such resignations. In addition, the Executive acknowledges and agrees that the Termination Date shall be the date of his termination from all other offices, positions, trusteeships, committee memberships and fiduciary capacities held with, or on behalf of, the Company. The Executive agrees to make himself available to assist and consult with the Company regarding matters relating to his former duties for a period of six months after his Termination Date, provided that the Executive is reimbursed for any and all reasonable expenses related to such cooperation, including but not limited to, travel, lodging, communication, and duplication expenses, and that the Executive is reimbursed for reasonable attorney fees if the Executive in good faith believes that separate legal representation is required, and that the Executive is compensated for the Executive’s time at a rate equivalent to the Executive’s most recent base salary.
3.  Termination Benefits . If the Executive executes and delivers this Release and does not revoke this Release within the time set forth in Section 13 below, then the Executive will be entitled, subject to the terms and conditions set forth below and in the plan documents, to the payments and benefits set forth in this Section 3 (collectively the “ Termination Benefits ”), which together satisfy in full the Company’s obligations with respect to payments and benefits under the Employment Agreement or otherwise:
a. [Separation Pay: The Company shall pay the Executive $            (representing             times the Executive’s Base Salary, (as defined in Section 2.1 of the Employment Agreement)), paid in equal installments on the Company’s normal payroll dates for a period of 12 consecutive months commencing from the Termination Date in accordance with the normal payroll practice of the Company, with each payment deemed to be a separate payment for purposes of IRS Code §409A. The first payment shall be made on the next normal payroll day following the Release Effective Date, as that term is defined in Section 13 below.]
 
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b. [Separation Bonus: The Company shall pay the Executive $            (representing             times the average of the Incentive Bonus (as defined in Section 2.2 of the Employment Agreement) the Executive received from the Company for all fiscal years completed during the term of the Employment Agreement), paid in equal installments on the Company’s normal payroll dates for a period of 12 consecutive months commencing from the Termination Date in accordance with the normal payroll practice of the Company, with each payment deemed to be a separate payment for purposes of IRS Code §409A. The first payment shall be made on the next normal payroll day following the Release Effective Date, as that term is defined in Section 13 below.]
c. [Pro Rata Bonus: No later than             , the Company shall pay the Executive a pro rata portion of the Executive’s Incentive Bonus for fiscal year             based solely on the Company’s actual results against the Company’s goals for the year (determined by multiplying the amount of such Incentive Bonus which would be due for the full fiscal year, as determined in good faith by the Board, by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days up to the Termination Date during the fiscal year of termination that the Executive was employed by the Company and the denominator of which is 365).]
d. Benefits
i. Medical Benefits: The Company will provide the Executive with information regarding eligibility to continue medical, dental, and vision benefits under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act, as amended (“ COBRA ”), in accordance with its terms. If the Executive timely and effectively elects under COBRA to continue medical benefit coverage after the Termination Date under the Company Independence Blue Cross medical plan (or any successor plan) for himself or any of his dependents currently enrolled on his plan (the “Dependents”), then the Company will pay the insurer such COBRA medical benefit premiums for as long as the Executive and/or his Dependents remain eligible for and enrolled under COBRA for up to             consecutive months

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commencing immediately after the Termination Date. In the event the Executive or his Dependents, after timely and effectively electing to continue such medical benefit coverage under COBRA, and after using all available COBRA, becomes ineligible to continue such medical benefit coverage under COBRA through no fault of their own, the Executive and/or his Dependents (but only if they would be eligible to obtain coverage under the Company Independence Blue Cross medical plan had the Executive been employed by the Company at such time), as applicable, may be eligible to convert to an individual Independence Blue Cross Individual Personal Choice medical plan (or any successor plan as set forth in the then applicable group medical plan documents) at the same cost to the Executive for coverage as described under the plan documents. In such event, the Company agrees to pay the insurer the premium for such individual plan for the period commencing from such COBRA ineligibility date and ending on the last day of the     -month period commencing immediately after the Termination Date.
ii. [Dental Benefits: The Executive will remain eligible to continue dental benefit coverage under the Company Delta Dental dental plan (or any successor plan) for himself and his Dependents for up to 24 consecutive months commencing immediately after the Termination Date. The Company will pay the insurer for any related dental benefit premiums under such group dental plan for as long as the Executive and/or his Dependents remain enrolled in such group dental benefit plan, for up to 24 consecutive months commencing immediately after the Termination Date.]
iii. [Vision Benefits: The Executive will remain eligible to continue vision benefit coverage under the Company VSP vision plan (or any successor plan) for himself and his Dependents for up to 24 consecutive months commencing immediately after the Termination Date. The Company will pay the insurer for any related vision benefit premiums under such vision plan for as long as the Executive and/or his Dependents remain enrolled in such group vision benefit plan, for up to 24 consecutive months commencing immediately after the Termination Date.]
 
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iv. Payment for Benefit Continuation. If it is not possible or convenient for the Company to pay the insurer directly for any medical, dental, or vision insurance benefit coverage set forth in Sections 3(d) hereunder, then the Executive will be solely responsible for timely making such payments and the Company will reimburse the Executive within 30 days of receipt from the Executive of reasonable proof that payment has been timely received by the insurer. The Executive agrees to notify the Company promptly in writing after the Executive or his Dependents become eligible for medical, dental or vision insurance benefits under another employer’s plan, in which case any obligation by the Company under this Section 3 or otherwise to extend such benefit(s) shall cease immediately.
e. [Stock Option and Restricted Stock Awards: If the Executive executes, delivers, and does not revoke this Release within the time set forth in Section 13 below, then (i) there shall be [a 12 month acceleration of vesting] for those stock options and shares of restricted stock described in Table 1 of Exhibit A hereof [and the Executive shall be entitled to exercise such stock options described in Table 1 of Exhibit A hereof during the 12 month period immediately following the Termination Date or, if earlier, until the original expiration date of the options, and (ii) the Executive shall be entitled to exercise those vested stock options described in Table 2 of Exhibit A hereof during the 12 month period immediately following the Termination Date or, if earlier, until the original expiration date of the options]. Each of these stock options and shares of restricted stock shall otherwise remain subject in all respects to the restrictions of the applicable stock option grant or restricted stock award agreements between the Executive and the Company and any applicable equity incentive plan. Except as set forth in this Section 3(e) and Exhibit A; all other stock options and shares of restricted stock held by the Executive that are unvested shall terminate and be forfeited.]
f. Subject to Section 3(e) above, any changes to the terms and conditions of the Company’s benefit plans that apply generally to employees or to the Company’s applicable equity incentive plan shall also apply to the Executive and his entitlement under this Release (e.g., changes to the premiums, changes to coverage, changes in insurers, changes to the equity incentive plans, etc.).
 
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g. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Release or the Employment Agreement, the Executive acknowledges and agrees that the Termination Benefits set forth in this Section 3 together with the Amounts and Benefits (as defined in Section 4.4.1 of the Employment Agreement), are the sole wages, payments, stock, stock options, insurance, and benefits to which the Executive is entitled, under the Employment Agreement or otherwise, and that no other wages, payments, stock, stock options, insurance, benefits or other monies of any nature are due from the Company. The Executive acknowledges and agrees that the Termination Benefits exceed any wages, payment, stock, stock options, insurance, benefit, or other thing of value to which the Executive might otherwise be entitled under any policy, plan or procedure of the Company and/or any other agreement between the Executive and the Company.
h. All payments made to the Executive pursuant to this Section 3 shall be subject to all applicable or required deductions, taxes, and withholdings.
4.  Acknowledgement of Payments Provided . Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Amounts and Benefits (as defined in Section 4.4.1 of the Employment Agreement) shall not be subject to the Executive’s execution of this Release. The Executive acknowledges and agrees that the Company has paid the Executive’s final wages (including any accrued, unused paid time off) and all other Amounts and Benefits in full and that the Executive has submitted and been reimbursed in full for all reasonable and necessary business expenses incurred through the Termination Date.
5.  Tax Liability . Although the Company shall make applicable tax withholdings from the Termination Benefits and the Amounts and Benefits, the Executive acknowledges and agrees that any and all tax liability, penalties and interest (including under Code Section 409A), if any, which may become due from the Executive or assessed against the Executive because of the Termination Benefits or Amounts and Benefits, and/or any other payments or benefits referenced in this Release is the Executive’s sole responsibility, and the Executive will timely pay any taxes, penalties and interest which may become due on it. The Executive shall indemnify and hold harmless the Company from any tax, tax penalty, interest, attorneys’ fees or other costs related to the failure by the Executive to pay any tax liability assessed against the Executive, including under Code Section 409A because of the payment of the Termination Benefits, Amounts and Benefits, and/or any other payments or benefits referenced in this Release.

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6.  General Release and Waiver . In consideration of the Termination Benefits and/or any other payments or benefits referenced in this Release, and for other good and valuable consideration, receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the Executive for himself and for his heirs, executors, administrators, trustees, legal representatives and assigns (collectively, the “ Releasors ”), hereby releases, remises, and acquits the Company and its subsidiaries and affiliates and all of their respective past, present and future parent entities, subsidiaries, divisions, affiliates and related business entities, any of their successors and assigns, assets, employee benefit plans or funds, and any of their respective past and/or present directors, officers, fiduciaries, agents, trustees, administrators, managers, supervisors, shareholders, investors, employees, legal representatives, agents, counsel and assigns, whether acting on behalf of the Company or its subsidiaries or affiliates or, in their individual capacities (collectively, the “ Releasees ” and each a “ Releasee ”) from any and all claims, known or unknown, which the Releasors have or may have against any Releasee arising on or prior to the date that the Executive executes this Release and any and all liability which any such Releasee may have to the Releasors, whether denominated claims, demands, causes of action, obligations, damages or liabilities arising from any and all bases, however denominated, including but not limited to (a) any claim under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (“ ADEA ”), the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Civil Rights Act of 1991, Section 1981 of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, the Equal Pay Act, the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, (excluding claims for accrued, vested benefits under any employee benefit or pension plan of the Company, subject to the terms and conditions of such plan and applicable law), the Uniform Trade Secrets Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Fair Labor Standards Act the Family and Medical Leave Act, the National Labor Relations Act, the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act, the New Jersey Law Against Discrimination (which may include claims for race, color, familial status, religious creed, ancestry, age, sex, pregnancy, national origin, or disability discrimination and harassment), New Jersey Wage Payment

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Laws, N.J.S.A. § 34:11-1 et seq., the New Jersey Conscientious Employee Protection Act, the New Jersey Family Leave Act, the New Jersey Worker Health and Safety Act, the New York State Human Rights Law, the New York Labor Law (including but not limited to the New York State Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act, all provisions prohibiting discrimination and retaliation, and all provisions regulating wage and hour law), the New York State Correction Law, the New York State Civil Rights Law, Section 125 of the New York Workers’ Compensation Law, and the New York City Human Rights Law, all as amended; (b) any and all claims arising from or relating to the Executive’s employment relationship with Company and his service relationship as an officer or director of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates, or as a result of the termination of such relationships; (c) all claims related to the Executive’s compensation or benefits from the Company or the Releasees, including salary, bonuses, commissions, vacation pay, expense reimbursements, severance pay, fringe benefits, stock, stock options, or any other ownership interests in the Company or the Releasees; (d) all claims for breach of contract, wrongful termination and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing; (e) all tort claims, including claims for fraud, defamation, privacy rights, emotional distress, and discharge in violation of public policy; and (f) all federal, state (including but not limited to the States of Delaware, California, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania), and local statutory or constitutional claims, including claims for compensation, discrimination, harassment, whistleblower protection, retaliation, attorneys’ fees, costs, disbursements, or other claims (referred to collectively as the “ Released Claims ”).
This Release does not release claims that cannot be released as a matter of law, or the right to file a charge with or participate in a charge by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“ EEOC ”), or any other local, state, or federal administrative body or government agency that is authorized to enforce or administer laws related to employment, against the Company. However, by executing this Release, the Executive hereby waives the right to recover in any proceeding the Executive may bring before the EEOC or any state human rights commission or in any proceeding brought by the EEOC or any state human rights commission on the Executive’s behalf. This Release is for any relief, no matter how denominated, including, but not limited to, injunctive relief, wages, back pay, front pay, compensatory damages, or punitive damages.
 
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This Release shall not apply to (i) the Executive’s rights to indemnification from the Company, if any, or rights, if any, to be covered under any applicable insurance policy with respect to any liability the Executive incurred or might incur as an employee, officer or director of the Company including, without limitation, the Executive’s rights under Section 7 of the Employment Agreement; or (ii) any right the Executive may have to obtain contribution as permitted by law in the event of entry of judgment against the Executive as a result of any act or failure to act for which the Executive, on the one hand, and Company or any other Releasee, on the other hand, are jointly liable.
The Executive waives and relinquishes all rights and benefits afforded by Section 1542 of the Civil Code of California, to the extent applicable, which provides as follows:
A GENERAL RELEASE DOES NOT EXTEND TO CLAIMS WHICH THE CREDITOR DOES NOT KNOW OR SUSPECT TO EXIST IN HIS OR HER FAVOR AT THE TIME OF EXECUTING THE RELEASE, WHICH IF KNOWN BY HIM OR HER MUST HAVE MATERIALLY AFFECTED HIS OR HER SETTLEMENT WITH THE DEBTOR.
The Executive hereby acknowledges that the foregoing waiver is an essential and material term of this Release.
7.  Continuing Covenants . Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Release, the Executive acknowledges and agrees that he remains subject to the provisions of Section 6 of the Employment Agreement and the Employee Invention and Proprietary Information Agreement (“Invention Agreement”), both of which shall remain in full force and effect for the periods set forth therein and are deemed part of this Release. The Executive acknowledges and agrees that he has made a diligent search for any Company property in his possession or control and that he has returned all such property to the Company. The Executive acknowledges and agrees that any action for injunctive relief brought for claims arising out of Section 6 of the Employment Agreement or the Invention Agreement, as well as any related claims for

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trade secret misappropriation, breach of fiduciary duty, unfair competition, or other related business tort claims, shall be brought exclusively in Delaware state court or Delaware federal court. The Executive shall submit to and accept the exclusive jurisdiction of such suit, legal action, or proceeding in Delaware state court or Delaware federal court. The Executive acknowledges and agrees to accept personal jurisdiction in Delaware and also acknowledges and agrees not to challenge the mandatory Delaware forum on any grounds whatsoever, including lack of jurisdiction or forum non-conveniens.
8.  No Claims . The Executive acknowledges and agrees that there are no claims or actions currently filed or pending relating to the subject matter of the Release, the Employment Agreement, or any Released Claims. The Executive acknowledges and agrees that the Executive will not file or permit to be filed on the Executive’s behalf any such claims or actions. The Executive hereby requests all administrative agencies having jurisdiction over employment and labor law matters and courts to honor the Executive’s release of claims under this Release. Should the Company ever request the Executive to execute any administrative dismissal forms, the Executive shall immediately execute the form and return it to the Company. Should the Executive file any claim or action relating to the subject matter of this Release, the Employment Agreement, or any Released Claims, such filing shall be considered an intentional breach of the Release and the Executive will be subject, among other rights Company may have, to all damages and costs available under law and equity, including without limitation, the amount of consideration paid hereunder. The Executive further acknowledges and agrees that the Executive has not failed to report any work-related occupational injuries or diseases arising out of or in the course of employment with the Company.
9.  No Admission . This Release does not constitute an admission of liability or wrongdoing of any kind by the Company or any other Releasee. This Release is not intended, and shall not be construed, as an admission that any Releasee has violated any federal, state or local law (statutory or decisional), ordinance or regulation, breached any contract or committed any wrong whatsoever against any Releasor.

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10.  Heirs and Assigns . The terms of this Release shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Parties named herein and their respective successors and permitted assigns.
11.  Miscellaneous . This Release will be construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware without regard to the principles of conflicts of law. If any provision of this Release is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be illegal, void or unenforceable, such provision shall have no effect; however, the remaining provisions will be enforced to the maximum extent possible. The parties acknowledge and agree that, except as otherwise set forth herein, this Release constitutes the entire agreement and complete understanding of the parties with regard to the matters set forth herein and, except as otherwise set forth in this Release, supersedes any and all agreements (including without limitation the Employment Agreement), understandings, and discussions, whether written or oral, between the parties. No other promises or agreements are binding unless in writing and signed by each of the Parties after the Release Effective Date (as defined below). Should any provision of this Release require interpretation or construction, it is agreed by the Parties that the entity interpreting or constructing this Release shall not apply a presumption against one party by reason of the rule of construction that a document is to be construed more strictly against the Party who prepared the document. The Parties agree to bear their own attorneys’ fees and costs with respect to this Release.
12.  Knowing and Voluntary Waiver . The Executive acknowledges and agrees that he: (a) has carefully read this Release in its entirety; (b) has had an opportunity to consider it for at least 21 calendar days; (c) is hereby advised by the Company in writing to consult with an attorney of his choosing in connection with this Release; (d) fully understands the significance of all of the terms and conditions of this Release and has discussed them with his independent legal counsel, or had a reasonable opportunity to do so; (e) has had answered to his satisfaction any questions he has asked with regard to the meaning and significance of any of the provisions of this Release and has not relied on any statements or explanations made by any Releasee or their counsel; (f) understands that he has seven calendar days in which to revoke this Release (as described in Section 13) after signing it and (g) is signing this Release voluntarily and of his own free will and agrees to abide by all the terms and conditions contained herein.
 
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13.  Effective Time of Release . The Executive may accept this Release by signing it and delivering it to the Company as provided in Section 15 of this Release within 21 days of his receipt hereof. After executing this Release, the Executive will have seven calendar days (the “ Revocation Period ”) to revoke this Release by indicating his desire to do so in writing delivered to the Company as provided in Section 15 of this Release by no later than 12:00 p.m. EST on the seventh calendar day following the date on which he executes and delivers this Release. The effective date of this Release shall be the eighth day after the Executive executes and delivers this Release (the “ Release Effective Date ”). If the last day of the Revocation Period falls on a Saturday, Sunday or holiday, the last day of the Revocation Period will be deemed to be the next business day. If the Executive does not execute this Release or exercises his right to revoke hereunder, he shall forfeit his right to receive any of the Termination Benefits set forth in Section 3 above and any other payments or benefits referenced in this Release with the sole exception of the Amounts and Benefits, and to the extent such Termination Benefits have already been provided, the Executive agrees that he will immediately reimburse the Company for the amounts of such payment.
14.  Confidentiality . The provisions of this Release shall be held in strictest confidence by the Executive. The Executive shall not publicize or disclose it in any manner whatsoever; provided, however, that the Executive may disclose this Release in confidence to his immediate family, attorney, accountant, tax preparer, and financial advisor and the Executive may also disclose this Release insofar as such disclosure may be necessary to enforce its terms or as otherwise required by law. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, in the event of a breach of this Section 14, the Company’s remedies shall be injunctive relief and all damages caused proximately by such breach. In any legal action (including arbitration) the prevailing party shall be entitled to reasonable attorney’s fees. The Company may at its option withhold payments otherwise due under this Release (with the sole exception of the Amounts and Benefits) pending the resolution of any legal action (including arbitration) in which the breach of this Section 14 is being disputed. Ultimately, however, the remedies for a breach hereunder shall be limited as provided in this Section.
 
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15.  Notices . All notices or communications hereunder shall be in writing, and shall be addressed and delivered as follows (or to such other address as either Party may have furnished to the other in writing by like notice): (a) To the Company: Impax Laboratories, Inc., 31047 Genstar Road, Hayward, CA 94544, Attn: Vice President of Human Resources, (b) To the Executive: [ ],             . All such notices and/or communications shall be conclusively deemed to be received and shall be effective (i) if sent by hand delivery, upon receipt, (ii) if sent by telecopy or facsimile transmission, upon confirmation of receipt by the sender of such transmission, (iii) if sent by overnight courier, one business day after being sent by overnight courier, or (iv) if sent by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, on the fifth day after the day on which such notice or correspondence is mailed. All payments shall be made so that the recipient shall have immediately available US denominated funds on the due date for such payment, and shall be sent to the same addresses listed above.
16.  Breach of Release . Excluding the Executive’s duty of confidentiality, the breach of which shall be exclusively governed by Section 14 hereof, if the Executive violates any of his obligations under this Release, then the Company may at its option terminate the Executive’s rights to any and all Termination Benefits under Section 3 or any other payments or benefits referenced in this Release (with the sole exception of the Amounts and Benefits); provided, however, the Company may, in addition to any other rights it may have and in accordance with applicable law, demand a monetary payment equal to all Termination Benefits and other payments and benefits received by the Executive or any other payments or benefits referenced in this Release (with the sole exception of the Amounts and Benefits) and the Executive agrees to make such payment promptly upon such demand. In the event that the Company
alleges that the Executive breached the Release, the prevailing party will be entitled to reasonable attorney fees.
 
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17.  Dispute Resolution . Except as otherwise set forth herein, the Parties hereby agree that any and all claims, disputes, demands, or controversies of any nature whatsoever arising out of, or relating to, this Release, or its interpretation, enforcement, breach, performance or execution, the Executive’s employment with the Company, or the termination of such employment, including but not limited to any statutory claims, shall be resolved, to the fullest extent permitted by law, by final, binding and confidential arbitration in Delaware (applying Delaware law) in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules and Procedures of the American Arbitration Association then in effect. The decision of the arbitrator will be final and binding upon the parties thereto. Judgment may be entered on the arbitrator’s award in any court having jurisdiction. The Parties acknowledge and agree that in connection with any such arbitration and regardless of outcome: (a) each party shall bear its own costs and expenses, including without limitation its own legal fees and expenses, and (b) joint expenses shall be born equally among the parties. EACH PARTY WAIVES ITS RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY. Nothing in this Release is intended to prevent either the Executive or the Company from obtaining injunctive relief in court to prevent irreparable harm pending the conclusion of any arbitration, including but not limited to injunctive relief sought pursuant to Section 7 of this Release.
[Signature Page Follows]

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Dated:	 	 	
	 	Paul M. Bisaro	
		
Dated:	 	 	
	 	[NAME AND TITLE]	
	 	Impax Laboratories, Inc.	

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EXHIBIT A
[Equity Awards]

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Exhibit 10.10
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
This EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (“ Agreement ”) is entered into as of January 24, 2018, by and among Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC (“ Amneal ”), Amneal Holdings, LLC (“ Holdings ”) and Andrew Boyer (the “ Executive ” and, collectively with Amneal and Holdings, the “ Parties ”).
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, Amneal has entered into that certain Business Combination Agreement (the “ Business Combination Agreement ”), dated as of October 17, 2017 (and as subsequently amended), with, among others, Impax Laboratories, Inc. (“ Impax ”) and Atlas Holdings, Inc. (“Atlas”) which contemplates transactions (the “ Combination ”) pursuant to which Impax, following its conversion into a limited liability company, will become a wholly owned subsidiary of Amneal and Atlas, which will become a publicly traded company and be renamed Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in connection with the Combination. For purposes of this Agreement, the term the “ Company ” shall refer to (i) Amneal and its subsidiaries prior to the consummation of the Combination and (ii) Atlas and its subsidiaries on and after the consummation of the Combination, in each case, inclusive of any successors and assigns permitted by this Agreement.
WHEREAS, the Executive possesses unique personal knowledge, experience and expertise;
WHEREAS, effective as of February 5, 2018 (the “ Effective Date ”), the Company desires to employ the Executive, and the Executive desires to be employed by the Company, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement;
WHEREAS, effective as of immediately following the consummation of the Combination (the “ Closing ”), Holdings will hold the majority of the voting power of the Company’s common stock;
WHEREAS, commencing as of the Effective Date, the Executive shall serve as the Company’s Executive Vice President, Commercial Operations; and
WHEREAS, the Company and the Executive desire to enter into this Agreement as to the terms and conditions of the Executive’s employment with the Company effective as of the Effective Date.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the covenants and agreements hereinafter set forth and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties agree as follows:
 
1.	EMPLOYMENT AND DUTIES	
1.1     Term of Employment . Subject to Section 8.2 below, the Executive’s initial term of employment under this Agreement shall commence on the Effective Date and shall continue until June 30, 2021 (the “ Initial Term ”), unless further extended or earlier terminated as provided in this Agreement. This Agreement will automatically be renewed for single one-year

periods unless written notice of non-renewal (a “ Non-Renewal Notice ”) is provided by any party at least 90 days prior to the end of the Initial Term or the successive one-year period then in effect or unless earlier terminated as provided in this Agreement. Neither non-renewal of this Agreement for additional periods after the third anniversary of the Effective Date, nor expiration of this Agreement as a result of such non-renewal, shall, by itself, result in termination of the Executive’s employment. The period of time between the Effective Date and the termination of the Executive’s employment under this Agreement shall be referred to herein as the “ Term. ”
1.2     General .
1.2.1    Subject to the terms set forth herein, as of the Effective Date, the Executive shall serve as the Executive Vice President, Commercial Operations of the Company and shall perform such duties as are customarily associated with such position and such other reasonable duties consistent with such position as may from time to time be assigned to Executive by the Company.    During the Term (i) prior to the Closing, the Executive shall report to the President of Amneal and (ii) following the Closing, the Executive shall report to the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company.
1.2.2    The Executive shall faithfully and diligently discharge his duties hereunder and use his reasonable best efforts to achieve the objectives assigned to him from time to time by the Company. The Executive shall devote substantially all of his business time, attention, knowledge and skills faithfully, diligently and to the best of his ability, in furtherance of the business and activities of the Company; provided , however , that nothing in this Agreement shall preclude the Executive from devoting reasonable periods of time required for:
(i)    serving as a director or member of a committee, in each case, in a non-lead, non-chair role, of up to two (2) publicly traded corporations and up to one (1) private organization or corporation, in each case, that does not, in the good faith determination of the Board, compete with the Company or otherwise create, or could create, in the good faith determination of the Board a conflict of interest with the business of the Company;
(ii)    delivering lectures, fulfilling speaking engagements, and any writing or publication relating to his area of expertise; provided , however , that any fees, royalties or honorariums received therefrom shall be promptly turned over to the Company;
(iii)    engaging in professional organization and program activities;
(iv)    managing his personal passive investments and affairs; and
(v)    participating in charitable or community affairs;
provided that such activities do not, either individually or in the aggregate, materially interfere with the performance of his duties and responsibilities under this Agreement or create a conflict of interest with the business of the Company as determined in good faith by the Board.
1.3     Reimbursement of Expenses . The Company shall promptly reimburse the Executive for all reasonable, documented, out-of-pocket travel and other business expenses incurred by the Executive in the performance of the Executive’s duties to the Company in
 
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accordance with the Company’s applicable expense reimbursement policies and procedures as are in effect from time to time. To the extent any such reimbursements (and any other reimbursements of costs and expenses provided for herein) are includable in the Executive’s gross income for Federal income tax purposes, all such reimbursements shall be made no later than March 15 of the calendar year next following the calendar year in which the expenses to be reimbursed are incurred.
 
2.	COMPENSATION	
2.1     Base Salary . During the Term, the Executive shall be entitled to receive a base salary at the annual rate of $650,000 (the “ Base Salary ”). The Base Salary shall be subject to increase but not decrease in the sole discretion of the Board, provided however, that any increase in Base Salary shall become the Base Salary under this Agreement and shall not be decreased from such increased amount. The Base Salary shall be paid in accordance with the payroll practices of the Company, but not less than monthly.
2.2     Incentive Bonuses . During the Term, the Executive shall be eligible to receive an annual bonus targeted at 80% of the Executive’s Base Salary (the “ Incentive Bonus ”) under the annual incentive program adopted by the Board, as may be amended from time to time. The amount of Incentive Bonus payable for any year shall be based on the achievement of reasonable performance objectives established by the Board, as determined in its discretion, and, based on achievement, may be between zero and 150% of the Executive’s Base Salary. The Incentive Bonus will be prorated for the Executive’s initial year of employment. Except as provided herein, the Executive must be employed by the Company through the date of payment any Incentive Bonus in order to remain eligible for such Incentive Bonus. The target amount of the Incentive Bonus shall be subject to increase but not decrease in the sole discretion of the Board. The Incentive Bonus will be paid to Executive at the same general time as paid to other senior executives of the Company, but no later than 75 days following the end of the applicable fiscal year for which the Incentive Bonus is payable.
2.3     Equity Awards .
2.3.1     Sign-On Restricted Stock Units . In consideration of the Executive’s commencement of employment with the Company, on, or as promptly as practicable following, the Closing, but no later than 30 days immediately following the Closing, the Company shall grant to the Executive an award of restricted stock units (the “ Sign-On RSUs ”) having a grant date fair value equal to $1,000,000. The Sign-On RSUs will vest in respect of 25% of the total number of Sign-On RSUs on each of the first four anniversaries of the Closing, subject to the Executive’s continuous services to the Company through the applicable vesting date. The Sign-On RSUs shall otherwise be subject to the terms of the plan pursuant to which they are granted and an award agreement to be entered into between the Executive and the Company and Section 4.4.2(iii) or 4.4.3(iii) (as applicable) below.
2.3.2     Stock Option Grant . On, or as promptly as practicable following, the Closing, but no later than 30 days immediately following the Closing, the Company shall grant to the Executive an option to purchase (the “ Initial Option ”) that number of shares of the Company common stock necessary for the Initial Option to have a grant date fair value of $2,000,000 (with
 
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such fair value determined on the same basis that grant values are determined for other senior executives of the Company). The per share exercise price of the Initial Option shall be equal to the per share fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The Initial Option shall vest and become exercisable with respect to 25% of the total number of shares subject to the Initial Option on each of the first four anniversaries of the Closing, subject to the Executive’s continuous service to the Company through the applicable vesting date. The Initial Option shall otherwise be subject to the terms of the plan pursuant to which they are granted and an award agreement to be entered into between the Executive and the Company and Section 4.4.2(iii) or 4.4.3(iii) (as applicable) below.
2.3.3     Substitute Unit Grant . In the event that the Business Combination Agreement is terminated without the consummation of the Combination (a “No-Closing Event”), the Company will grant to the Executive one or more Company profit participation unit awards (“Substitute Awards”) providing for an aggregate economic opportunity of not less than $3,000,000, based on reasonable assumptions regarding Company performance, such grant to be made within 30 days following such No-Closing Event.
2.3.4     Future Equity Awards . Following the Closing, the Executive will be eligible to receive stock options, restricted stock units and other equity incentive grants as determined by the Board in its sole discretion.
2.4     Additional Compensation . During the Term, in addition to the foregoing, the Executive shall be eligible to receive such other compensation as may from time to time be awarded him by the Board or the Compensation Committee of the Board.
 
3.	EMPLOYEE BENEFITS	
(a) During the Term, the Executive shall be entitled to participate in and have the benefit of all group life, disability, hospital, surgical and major medical insurance plans and programs and other employee benefit plans and programs as generally are made available to executive personnel of the Company, as such benefit plans or programs may be amended or terminated in the sole discretion of the Board or the Compensation Committee of the Board, from time to time.
(b) The Executive shall be entitled to at least 20 (or such greater number as offered generally to other senior executives of the Company) paid vacation days per calendar year in accordance with the Company’s vacation policy in effect from time to time, provided that any unused vacation days in any calendar year shall be carried over to the next calendar year subject to any accrual caps under the Company’s vacation policy.
 
4.	TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT	
4.1     General . The Executive’s employment under this Agreement may be terminated without any breach of this Agreement only on the following circumstances:
4.1.1     Death . The Executive’s employment under this Agreement shall terminate upon his death.
 
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4.1.2     Disability . If the Executive suffers a Disability (as defined below), the Board may terminate the Executive’s employment under this Agreement upon 30 days prior written notice; provided that the Executive has not returned to full time performance of his duties during such 30-day period. For purposes of this Agreement, “ Disability ” shall mean the Executive’s inability to perform his duties and responsibilities hereunder, with or without reasonable accommodation, due to any physical or mental illness or incapacity, which condition either (i) has continued for a period of 180 consecutive days (including weekends and holidays) in any 365-day period, or (ii) is projected by the Board in good faith after consulting with a licensed physician mutually selected by the Board and the Executive (or, in the event of the Executive’s incapacity, his legal representative), that the condition is likely to continue for a period of at least six consecutive months from its commencement.
4.1.3     Good Reason . The Executive may terminate his employment under this Agreement for Good Reason (as defined below). For purposes of this Agreement, “ Good Reason ” shall mean the occurrence of any of the following events without the Executive’s express written consent:
(i)    any action or inaction by the Company constituting a material breach of the Agreement by the Company;
(ii)    a material diminution of the titles, positions, reporting line, authorities, duties, or responsibilities of the Executive set forth in Section 1.2 above (other than temporarily while the Executive is physically or mentally incapacitated and unable to properly perform such duties, as determined by the Board in good faith), or the assignment to the Executive of titles, authorities, duties, or responsibilities that are inconsistent with his position of Executive Vice President, Commercial Operations of the Company;
(iii)    the loss of any of the titles of the Executive with the Company set forth in Section 1.2 above;
(iv)    a reduction by the Company in the Base Salary or in any of the percentages of the Base Salary payable as an Incentive Bonus except for across-the-board reductions, not to exceed 10%, of base salary or incentive bonus generally affecting senior executives of the Company on a similar percentage basis;
(v)    the relocation of the Executive’s principal office more than 35 miles from Bridgewater, New Jersey;
(vi)    the delivery by the Board to the Executive of a Non-Renewal Notice in accordance with Section 1.1; or
(vii)    an adverse change in the reporting structure set forth in Section 1.2.1 hereof.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Executive may not terminate his employment for Good Reason under this Section 4.1.3 unless (i) the Executive provides written notice to the Board of the occurrence of an event constituting Good Reason within 30 days of the Executive’s knowledge of its initial occurrence and (ii) if curable, the Board shall fail to cure such event
 
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constituting Good Reason within 30 days following its receipt of such written notice. The Date of Termination shall be the date the Board receives the Executive’s Notice of Termination if the event constituting Good Reason is not curable and 30 days after the date the Board receives the Executive’s Notice of Termination if the event constituting Good Reason is curable and remains uncured 30 days after the Board receives the Executive’s notice of Termination. The foregoing notwithstanding, in the event that the event constituting Good Reason is the Board’s delivery to the Executive of a Non-Renewal Notice as set forth in Section 4.1.3(vi) prior to the date that is 30 days before the end of the Initial Term, then the Date of Termination shall be deemed to be the expiry of the Initial Term.
4.1.4     Without Good Reason . The Executive may voluntarily terminate his employment under this Agreement without Good Reason upon written notice by the Executive to the Board at least 60 days prior to the effective date of such termination (which termination the Board may, in its sole discretion, make effective earlier than the date set forth in the Notice of Termination (as defined below)).
4.1.5     Cause . The Board may terminate the Executive’s employment under this Agreement at any time for Cause (as defined below). For purposes of this Agreement, termination for “ Cause ” shall mean any of the following as determined in good faith by the Board:
(i)    the willful and continued failure by the Executive to substantially perform his obligations under this Agreement (other than any such failure resulting from the Executive’s incapacity due to a Disability); provided , however , that the Board shall have provided the Executive with a Notice of Termination specifying such failure and the Executive shall have been afforded at least 15 business days within which to cure same;
(ii)    the Executive’s conviction of or plea of guilty or nolo contendere to a felony or a misdemeanor involving material dishonesty;
(iii)    the Executive’s willful misconduct in the performance of his duties hereunder (including theft, fraud, embezzlement, and securities law violations) that results in material economic or reputational harm to the Company;
(iv)    the Executive’s violation of the Company’s Code of Conduct or other written policies made available to Executive or with respect to which he should reasonably be aware that results in material economic or reputational harm to the Company; provided , however , that the Board shall have provided the Executive with a Notice of Termination specifying such violation and the Executive shall have been afforded at least 15 business days within which to cure same; or
For purposes of this Section 4.1.5, no act or failure to act on the part of the Executive shall be considered “ willful ,” unless done, or omitted to be done, in good faith or without reasonable belief that his action or omission was in, or not opposed to, the best interest of the Company (including their reputation). For the avoidance of doubt, no act or failure to act on the part of the Executive based upon the direction or advice of legal counsel to the Company shall be deemed to constitute Cause hereunder.
 
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Prior to any termination for Cause, the Board shall provide the Executive with a Notice of Termination specifying the event constituting Cause and shall give the Executive the opportunity to appear before the Board, with or without counsel, to present his views on the Cause event. If, after such hearing, at least two-thirds of the full Board (excluding the Executive) does not support such termination, the Notice of Termination shall be rescinded. After providing the notice in the foregoing sentence, the Board may suspend the Executive with full pay and benefits until a final determination pursuant to this Section has been made.
4.1.6     Without Cause . The Board may terminate the Executive’s employment under this Agreement without Cause immediately upon written notice by the Board to the Executive, other than for death or Disability.
4.1.7     Definition of Change in Control . For purposes of this Agreement, a “ Change in Control ” shall be deemed to occur upon any of the following events that occurs after the Closing, provided that such an event constitutes a “change in control event” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code (as defined below): (a) any “ person ” as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”) (other than the Company, any trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under any employee benefit plan of the Company, or any company owned, directly or indirectly, by the stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the equity securities of the Company), becoming the beneficial owner (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of equity securities of the Company representing more than 50% of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding equity securities; (b) during any period of 12 consecutive months, the individuals who, at the beginning of such period, constitute the Board, and any new director whose election by the Board or nomination for election by the Company’s equityholders was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the directors then still in office who either were directors at the beginning of the 12-month period (or the Closing if later than such date) or whose election or nomination for election was previously so approved, cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board; (c) a merger or consolidation of the Company with any other corporation or other entity, other than a merger or consolidation that would result in the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto (and held by persons that are not affiliates of the acquirer) continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting securities of the surviving entity) more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the Company or such surviving entity outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation; provided , however , that a merger or consolidation effected to implement a recapitalization of the Company (or similar transaction) in which no person (other than those covered by the exceptions in clause (a) of this Section 4.1.7) acquires more than 50% of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding securities shall not constitute a Change in Control; or (d) the consummation of a sale or other disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, including a liquidation, other than the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company to a person or persons who beneficially own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the combined voting power of the outstanding voting securities of the Company immediately prior to the time of the sale or other disposition. For the avoidance of doubt, the parties hereby agree that the Combination shall not constitute a Change in Control under this Agreement.
 
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4.2     Notice of Termination . Any termination of the Executive’s employment by the Board or by the Executive (other than termination by reason of the Executive’s death) shall be communicated by written Notice of Termination to the other party of this Agreement. For purposes of this Agreement, a “ Notice of Termination ” shall mean a written notice which shall indicate the specific termination provision in this Agreement relied upon and, other than with respect to a termination pursuant to Section 4.1.6 hereof, shall set forth in reasonable detail the facts and circumstances claimed to provide the basis for such termination.
4.3     Date of Termination . The “ Date of Termination ” shall mean (a) if the termination is the result of the Executive’s death, the date of his death, (b) if the termination is pursuant to Section 4.1.2 hereof, 30 days after the Notice of Termination is given (provided that the Executive shall not have returned to the performance of his duties on a full-time basis during such 30-day period), (c) if the termination is pursuant to Section 4.1.3 or Section 4.1.5 hereof, the date specified in the Notice of Termination after the expiration of any applicable cure period (subject to the last sentence of Section 4.1.3), (d) if the termination is pursuant to Section 4.1.4 hereof, the date specified in the Notice of Termination which shall be at least 60 days after the Notice of Termination is given, or such earlier date as the Board shall determine in its sole discretion, and (e) if the termination is pursuant to Section 4.1.6 hereof, the date on which the Notice of Termination is given.
4.4     Compensation Upon Termination .
4.4.1     Termination for Cause or without Good Reason . If the Executive’s employment shall be terminated by the Board for Cause or by the Executive without Good Reason, the Company shall pay or provide to the Executive: (a) any earned but unpaid Base Salary through the Date of Termination, paid in accordance with the Company’s standard payroll practices; (b) reimbursement for any unreimbursed expenses properly incurred and paid in accordance with Section 1.3 hereof through the Date of Termination; (c) payment for any accrued but unused vacation time in accordance with the Company’s policy; (d) all equity awards previously granted to the Executive that have vested in accordance with the terms of such grants; and (e) such vested accrued benefits, and other payments, if any, as to which the Executive (and his eligible dependents) may be entitled under, and in accordance with the terms and conditions of, the employee benefit arrangements, plans and programs of the Company as of the Date of Termination, other than any severance pay plan (such amounts and benefits set forth in clauses (a) though (e) being referred to hereinafter as the “ Amounts and Benefits ”), and the Company shall have no further obligation with respect to this Agreement other than as provided in Sections 5, 6.5 and 7 hereof. Any equity awards previously granted to the Executive that have not vested in accordance with the terms of their grants as of the Date of Termination shall be forfeited as of the Date of Termination.
4.4.2     Termination Apart from a Change in Control . If, at any time prior to the expiration of the Term and other than during a Change in Control Period (as defined below), the Executive resigns from his employment hereunder with Good Reason, or the Board terminates the Executive’s employment hereunder without Cause, then the Company shall pay or provide the Executive the Amounts and Benefits and, subject to Section 4.4.5, a severance payment and equity vesting as follows:
 
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(i)    an amount equal to two times the Base Salary as then in effect (without taking into account any reduction therein that constitutes a basis for Good Reason), with the aggregate amount due paid in equal installments on the Company’s normal payroll dates for a period of 24 months from the Date of Termination in accordance with the normal payroll practices of the Company, with each such payment deemed to be a separate payment for the purposes of Section 409A of the Code;
(ii)    (A) a pro-rated portion of the Incentive Bonus for the year during which the Date of Termination occurs based on the number of days the Executive serves the Company during such year and actual performance of the corporate goals for such Incentive Bonus, inclusive of any adjustments made by the Board that are applied to all other executive participants in the annual incentive program, such pro-rated Incentive Bonus to be paid in a lump sum at the same time related bonuses are paid to executives who continue to be employed by the Company and, in any event, in the calendar year following the year during which the Date of Termination occurs and (B) the prior year’s bonus to the extent not then already paid with the amount based on the higher of target or actual performance of the relevant goals, such prior year’s Incentive Bonus to be paid in a lump sum at the same time related bonuses are paid to executives who continue to be employed by the Company;
(iii)    the vesting, and if applicable, exercisability of each outstanding equity award granted to the Executive by the Company shall accelerate in respect of that number of shares of Company common stock (or other equity securities) that would have vested had the Executive’s employment with the Company continued through the first anniversary of the Date of Termination and, to the extent applicable, shall remain exercisable for a period of not less than 12 months following the Date of Termination (unless doing so would not comply with Code Section 409A (as defined in Section 8.9 hereof);
(iv)    During the period commencing on the Date of Termination and ending as of the second anniversary of the Date of Termination, or, if earlier, the date on which the Executive becomes eligible for comparable replacement coverage under a subsequent employer’s group health plan (in any case, the “ COBRA Period ”), subject to the Executive’s valid election to continue healthcare coverage under Section 4980B of the Code and the regulations thereunder, the Company shall, in its sole discretion, either (A) continue to provide to the Executive and the Executive’s dependents, at the Company’s sole expense, or (B) reimburse the Executive and the Executive’s dependents for coverage under its group health plan (if any) at the same levels in effect on the Date of Termination; provided, however , that if (1) any plan pursuant to which such benefits are provided is not, or ceases prior to the expiration of the continuation coverage period to be, exempt from the application of Section 409A under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(a)(5), (2) the Company is otherwise unable to continue to cover the Executive or the Executive’s dependents under its group health plans, or (3) the Company cannot provide the benefit without violating applicable law (including, without limitation, Section 2716 of the Public Health Service Act), then, in any such case, an amount equal to each remaining subsidy shall thereafter be paid to the Executive in substantially equal monthly installments over the COBRA Period (or remaining portion thereof); and
(v)    Outplacement services provided to the Executive by a reputable national outplacement service provider for up to two years following the Date of Termination.
 
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4.4.3     Termination Following Change in Control . Anything contained herein to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event the Executive resigns from his employment hereunder with Good Reason, the Board terminates the Executive’s employment hereunder without Cause or Executive’s employment terminates by reason of death or Disability, in each case, within the period commencing three months prior to a Change in Control and ending 24 months following the Change in Control (a “ Change in Control Period ”), then, in lieu of any amount otherwise payable pursuant to Section 4.4.2, the Company shall pay or provide the Executive the Amounts and Benefits and, subject to Section 4.4.5, a severance payment as follows:
(i)    an amount equal to the sum of (x) two times the Base Salary as then in effect (without taking into account any reduction therein that constitutes a basis for Good Reason), plus (y) an amount equal to two times the Executive’s target Incentive Bonus as then in effect (without taking into account any reduction therein that constitutes a basis for Good Reason), with the aggregate amount due paid in a lump sum on the first payroll date on or following the 60th day after the Date of Termination;
(ii)    (A) a pro-rated portion of the Incentive Bonus for the year during which the Date of Termination occurs based on the number of days the Executive serves the Company during such year and actual performance of the corporate goals for such Incentive Bonus, inclusive of any adjustments made by the Board that are applied to all other executive participants in the annual incentive program, such pro-rated Incentive Bonus to be paid in a lump sum at the same time related bonuses are paid executives who continue to be employed by the Company and, in any event, in the calendar year following the year during which the Date of Termination occurs and (B) the prior year’s bonus to the extent not then already paid with the amount based on the higher of target or actual performance of the relevant goals, such prior year’s Incentive Bonus to be paid in a lump sum at the same time related bonuses are paid to executives who continue to be employed by the Company;
(iii)    During the COBRA Period, subject to the Executive’s valid election to continue healthcare coverage under Section 4980B of the Code and the regulations thereunder, the Company shall, in its sole discretion, either (A) continue to provide to the Executive and the Executive’s dependents, at the Company’s sole expense, or (B) reimburse the Executive and the Executive’s dependents for coverage under its group health plan (if any) at the same levels in effect on the Date of Termination; provided, however , that if (1) any plan pursuant to which such benefits are provided is not, or ceases prior to the expiration of the continuation coverage period to be, exempt from the application of Section 409A under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(a)(5), (2) the Company is otherwise unable to continue to cover the Executive or the Executive’s dependents under its group health plans, or (3) the Company cannot provide the benefit without violating applicable law (including, without limitation, Section 2716 of the Public Health Service Act), then, in any such case, an amount equal to each remaining subsidy shall thereafter be paid to the Executive in substantially equal monthly installments over the COBRA Period (or remaining portion thereof);
(iv)    The vesting and, if applicable, exercisability of each equity award granted to the Executive by the Company shall accelerate in respect of 100% of the shares of the Company common stock subject thereto effective as of the Date of Termination and, to the extent applicable, shall remain exercisable for a period of not less than 12 months following the Date of Termination (unless doing so would not comply with Code Section 409A (as defined in Section 8.9 hereof); and
 
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(v)    Outplacement services provided to the Executive by a reputable national outplacement service provider for up to two years following the Date of Termination.
4.4.4     No Mitigation or Offset; Nature of Payments . The Executive shall not be required to mitigate the amount of any payment provided for in this Section 4.4 by seeking other employment or otherwise, nor shall the amount of any payment provided for in this Section 4.4 be reduced by any compensation earned by the Executive as the result of employment by another employer or business or by profits earned by the Executive from any other source at any time before and after the Date of Termination. Any amounts due under this Section 4.4 are in the nature of severance payments considered to be reasonable by the Company and are not in the nature of a penalty.
4.4.5     Release . Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in this Agreement, the Company’s obligation to pay or provide the Executive with the payments and benefits under Sections 4.4.2 and 4.4.3 (other than the Amounts and Benefits), and any accelerated vesting with respect to the equity awards under Section 4.4.3, shall be conditioned on the Executive’s execution and failure to revoke a waiver and general release in a form generally consistent with Exhibit B hereto (subject to such changes as may be necessary at the time of execution in order to make such release enforceable) (the “ Release ”). The Company shall provide the Release to the Executive within seven days following the applicable Date of Termination. In order to receive the payments and benefits under Sections 4.4.2 and 4.4.3 (other than the Amounts and Benefits) and the accelerated vesting with respect to the equity awards under Section 4.4.3, the Executive will be required to execute and deliver the Release within 45 days after the date it is provided to him and not to revoke it within seven days following such execution and delivery.
 
5.	INSURABILITY; RIGHT TO INSURE	
The Company shall have the right to maintain key man life insurance in its own name covering the Executive’s life in an amount of up to $50,000,000.00. The Executive shall fully cooperate in the procuring of such insurance, including submitting to any required medical examination and by completing, executing and delivering such applications and other instrument in writing as may be reasonably required by any insurance company to which application for insurance may be made by the Company. The Company’s ability to procure any key man life insurance covering Executive’s life shall not be a condition of employment.
 
6.	CONFIDENTIALITY; NON-COMPETITION; NON-SOLICITATION; NON- DISPARAGEMENT; COOPERATION	
6.1     Confidential Information . The Parties acknowledge that the services to be performed by the Executive under this Agreement are unique and extraordinary and, as a result of such employment, the Executive shall be in possession of Confidential Information (as defined below) relating to the business practices of the Company and the members thereof. The term “ Confidential Information ” shall mean any and all information (oral and written) relating to the Company, or any of their respective activities, or of the clients, customers or business
 
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practices of the Company, except (i) as such disclosure or use may be required or appropriate in connection with his work as an employee of the Company, (ii) when required to do so by a court of law, by any governmental agency having supervisory authority over the business of the Company or by any administrative or legislative body (including a committee thereof) with apparent jurisdiction to order him to divulge, disclose or make accessible such information, (iii) as to such confidential information that becomes generally known to the public or trade without his violation of this Section 6.1, or (iv) to the Executive’s spouse, attorney and/or his personal tax and financial advisors as reasonably necessary or appropriate to advance the Executive’s tax, financial and other personal planning (each an “Exempt Person”), provided, however , that any disclosure or use of any trade secret or proprietary or confidential information of the Company by an Exempt Person shall be deemed to be a breach of this Section 6.1 by the Executive.
6.2    Confidential Information includes, but it not limited to, information that the Executive creates, develops, derives, obtains, makes known, or learns about which has commercial value in the business in which the Company is involved and which is treated by the Company as confidential, such as trade secrets, ideas, processes, formulas, compounds, compositions, research and clinical data, know-how, discoveries, developments, designs, innovations, plans, strategies, pricing, costs, financial information, employee information, forecasts and current and prospective customer and supplier lists. The Executive shall not, during the Term or at any time thereafter, except as may be required in the course of the performance of his duties hereunder (including pursuant to Section 6.6 below) and except with respect to any litigation or arbitration involving this Agreement (or otherwise between the Executive and the Company), including the enforcement hereof, directly or indirectly, use, communicate, disclose or disseminate to any person, firm or corporation any Confidential Information acquired by the Executive during, or as a result of, his employment with the Company, without the prior written consent of the Board. Without limiting the foregoing, the Executive understands that the Executive shall be prohibited from misappropriating any trade secret of the Company or of the clients or customers of the Company acquired by the Executive during, or as a result of, his employment with the Company, at any time during or after the Term. Further without limiting the foregoing, as a condition of Executive’s employment with the Company, the Executive shall enter into the Company’s standard Employee Confidentiality, Non-Solicitation and Ownership of Inventions Agreement (the “ Proprietary Information Agreement ”). In the event of a conflict between this Agreement and the Proprietary Information Agreement, this Agreement shall control.
6.3     Return of Property . Upon the termination of the Executive’s employment for any reason all property of the Company that is in the possession of the Executive, including all documents, records, drug formulations, notebooks, equipment, price lists, specifications, programs, customer and prospective customer lists and other materials that contain Confidential Information that are in the possession of the Executive, including all copies thereof, shall be promptly returned to the Company. Anything to the contrary herein notwithstanding, the Executive shall be entitled to retain (i) papers and other materials of a personal nature, including photographs, correspondence, personal diaries, calendars and rolodexes, personal files and phone books, (ii) information showing his compensation or relating to reimbursement of expenses, (iii) information that he reasonably believes may be needed for tax purposes and (iv) copies of plans, programs and agreements relating to his employment, or termination thereof, with the Company.
 
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6.4     Non-Competition . The Executive acknowledges that the Executive has been provided with Confidential Information and, during the Term, the Company from time to time will provide Executive with access to Confidential Information. Ancillary to the rights provided to the Executive as set forth in this Agreement, the Executive’s continued employment with the Company during the Term (subject to earlier termination as provided herein), and the Company’s provision of Confidential Information, and the Executive’s agreements regarding the use of same, in order to protect the value of any Confidential Information, and in consideration for good and valuable consideration received by the Executive, the Parties agree to the following provisions against unfair competition, which the Executive acknowledges represent a fair balance of the Company’s rights to protect its business and the Executive’s right to pursue employment.    The Executive hereby agrees that he shall not, during the Term and, except as provided below, for a period of 9 months thereafter, directly or indirectly, engage or have an interest in, or render any services to, any business (whether as owner, manager, operator, licensor, licensee, lender, partner, stockholder, joint venturer, employee, consultant or otherwise) (such activities hereinafter referred to collectively as “ Engaging ”) that (i) competes directly with the Company and (ii) then constitutes one of the four top competitors of the Company by volume as determined by IMS. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall prevent the Executive from (i) owning securities in a publicly traded entity whose activities compete with those of the Company, provided that such securities holdings are not greater than five percent of the equity ownership in such entity or making passive investments in private equity funds, hedge funds, mutual funds or similar investment vehicles; (ii) Engaging in the business of the ownership and licensing (as licensor) of trademarks and brands if the products or services carrying such trademarks and brands do not compete with the products or services carrying the trademarks and brands owned and licensed (as licensor) by the Company, or that the Company is actively planning to own or license (as licensor), during the Term; or (iii) Engaging in an operating company (including ownership of securities of such operating company’s holding company) with annual revenues not in excess of $10,000,000.    The non-competition restrictions in this Section 6.4 shall cease to apply following the end of the Term if the Company provides a Non-Renewal Notice pursuant to Section 1.1 hereof.
6.5     Prohibition on Use of Confidential Information to Solicit Customers and Prospects . During the Executive’s employment, the Executive shall not engage in any other employment or activity that might materially interfere with the interests of the Company. Furthermore, the Executive shall not, except in the furtherance of the Executive’s duties hereunder, directly or indirectly, individually or on behalf of any other person, firm, corporation or other entity, (i) during the Term (except in the good faith performance of his duties) and for a period of 24 months thereafter, solicit, aid or induce any employee, representative or agent of the Company to leave such employment or retention or to accept employment with or render services to or with any other person, firm, corporation or other entity unaffiliated with the Company or hire or retain any such employee, representative or agent, or take any action to materially assist or aid any other person, firm, corporation or other entity in identifying, hiring or soliciting any such employee, representative or agent, other (x) than any such employee, representative or agent whose employment has been terminated by the Company and (y) his personal assistant(s), (ii) during the Term (except in the good faith performance of his duties) and for a period of 12 months thereafter, solicit, aid or induce (or attempt to do any of the foregoing) directly or indirectly, any current or prospective customer of the Company with whom the Executive substantially dealt with at any time during the last two years of the
 
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Executive’s employment to purchase goods or services then sold by the Company from another person, firm, corporation or other entity or assist or aid any other persons or entity in identifying or soliciting any such customer or (iii) during the Term (except in the good faith performance of his duties) and for a period of 24 months thereafter, interfere in any manner with the relationship of the Company and any of its vendors. An employee, representative or agent shall be deemed covered by this Section 6.5 while so employed or retained by the Company and for six months thereafter. Anything to the contrary herein notwithstanding, the following shall not be deemed a violation of this Section 6.4: (a) the Executive’s solicitation of the Company’s customers and/or vendors in connection with, and directly related to, his Engaging in a business that complies with Sections 6.3(ii) or (iii); (b) the Executive’s responding to an unsolicited request for an employment reference regarding any former employee of the Company from such former employee, or from a third party, by providing a reference setting forth his personal views about such former employee; or (c) if an entity with which the Executive is associated hires or engages any employee of the Company, if the Executive was not, directly or indirectly, involved in hiring or identifying such person as a potential recruit or assisting in the recruitment of such employee. For purposes hereof, the Executive shall be deemed to have been involved “ indirectly ” in soliciting, hiring or identifying an employee only if the Executive (x) directs a third party to solicit or hire the Employee, (y) identifies an employee to a third party as a potential recruit or (z) aids, assists or participates with a third party in soliciting or hiring an employee.
6.6     Non-Disparagement . At no time during or within five years after the Term shall (x) the Executive, directly or indirectly, disparage the Company or any of the Company’s past or present employees, directors, products or services and (y) the Company, including its subsidiaries, parents and affiliates, directly or indirectly, disparage the Executive. In addition, the Company shall instruct and shall use reasonable efforts so that each director and officer of the Company and its subsidiaries and parents not to, directly or indirectly, disparage the Executive. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this Section 6.5 shall prevent any entity or person from making any truthful statement to the extent (i) necessary to rebut any untrue public statements made about him or her or it; (ii) necessary with respect to any litigation, arbitration or mediation involving this Agreement and the enforcement thereof; (iii) required by law or by any court, arbitrator, mediator or administrative or legislative body (including any committee thereof) with jurisdiction over such person; (iv) made as good faith competitive statements in the ordinary course of business or (v) made in good faith in the performance of duties (e.g., in the course of providing performance reviews).
6.7     Cooperation . Upon the receipt of reasonable notice from the Company (including outside counsel), the Executive shall, while employed by the Company and thereafter, respond and provide information with regard to matters of which the Executive has knowledge as a result of the Executive’s employment with the Company and will provide reasonable assistance to the Company and its representatives in defense of any claims that may be made against the Company, and will provide reasonable assistance to the Company in the prosecution of any claims that may be made by the Company, to the extent that such claims may relate to matters related to the Executive’s period of employment with the Company. Any request for such cooperation shall take into account the Executive’s personal and business commitments and is subject to his personal and business schedule. The Executive shall promptly inform the Board (to the extent the Executive is legally permitted to do so) if the Executive is asked to assist in any investigation of the Company or their actions, regardless of whether a lawsuit or other
 
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proceeding has then been filed with respect to such investigation. If the Executive is required to provide any services pursuant to this Section 6.6 following the Term, upon presentation of appropriate documentation, the Company shall promptly reimburse the Executive for reasonable out-of-pocket travel, lodging, communication and duplication expenses incurred in connection with the performance of such services and in accordance with the Company’s expense policy for its senior officers (provided that it shall be in Executive’s discretion to travel via first or business class, which costs shall be reimbursable by the Company), for reasonable legal fees to the extent the Executive in good faith believes that separate legal representation is reasonably required, and for the Executive’s time at a rate equivalent to the Executive’s most recent base salary. In addition, if the Executive’s cooperation exceeds 2 days in any calendar month, then the Executive shall be compensated at a per diem rate of $5,000 for any full or partial day of such cooperation. The Executive’s entitlement to reimbursement of such costs and expenses, including legal fees, pursuant to this Section 6.6, shall in no way affect the Executive’s rights, if any, to be indemnified and/or advanced expenses in accordance with the Company’s (or any of its subsidiaries’) corporate or other organizational documents, any applicable insurance policy, and/or in accordance with this Agreement.
6.8     Remedies and Reformation . Without intending to limit the remedies available to the Company, the Executive acknowledges that a breach of any of the covenants contained in this Section 6 may result in material and irreparable injury to the Company for which there is no adequate remedy at law, that it will not be possible to measure damages for such injuries precisely and that, in the event of such a breach or threat the Company shall be entitled to seek a temporary restraining order and/or a preliminary or permanent injunction in a court of jurisdiction restraining the Executive from engaging in activities prohibited by this Section 6 or such other relief as may be required specifically to enforce any of the covenants in this Section 6. If for any reason it is held that the restrictions under this Section 6 are not reasonable or that consideration therefor is inadequate, such restrictions shall be interpreted or modified to include as much of the duration and scope identified in this Section as will render such restrictions valid and enforceable.
6.9     Violations . In the event of any violation of the provisions of this Section 6, the Executive acknowledges and agrees that: (a) the post-termination restrictions contained in this Section 6 shall be extended by a period of time equal to the period of such violation, it being the intention of the Parties hereto that the running of the applicable post-termination restriction period shall be tolled during any period of such violation; (b) any severance payable which remains unpaid or other benefits yet to be received under Section 4.4.2 or 4.4.3 shall be forfeited by the Executive; and (c) any vested options not exercised as of the date of any violation of the provisions of this Section 6 shall be forfeited.
 
7.	INDEMNIFICATION; DIRECTORS’ AND OFFICERS’ LIABILITY INSURANCE	
During the Term and thereafter, the Company shall indemnify and hold harmless the Executive and his heirs and representatives as, and to the extent, provided in the Company’s organizational documents. In addition, the Executive shall be entitled to enter into a form of indemnification agreement on terms and conditions no less favorable than the indemnification agreement entered into between the Company and members of the Board. The Company agrees to continue and maintain a directors and officers’ liability insurance policy covering the Executive to the extent the Company provides such coverage for its other executive officers.
 
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8.	MISCELLANEOUS	
8.1     Notices . All notices or communications hereunder shall be in writing, addressed as follows (or to such other address as either party may have furnished to the other in writing by like notice):

To the Company:	  	Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC	
	  	400 Crossing Boulevard	
	  	Bridgewater, NJ 08807	
	  	Attention: President and Chief Executive Officer	
		
With a copy to:	  	General Counsel	
		
To the Executive:	  	At the last address for the Executive on the books of the Company.	
All such notices shall be conclusively deemed to be received and shall be effective (i) if sent by hand delivery, upon receipt, (ii) if sent by telecopy or facsimile transmission, upon confirmation of receipt by the sender of such transmission, (iii) if sent by overnight courier, one business day after being sent by overnight courier, or (iv) if sent by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, on the fifth day after the day on which such notice is mailed.
8.2     T esting; Verification . As a condition of the Executive’s employment with the Company, the Executive will be required to successfully complete the Company’s standard onboarding procedures, including any background check and drug testing, the cost of which shall be paid by the Company. In addition, to comply with Department of Homeland Security, the Executive will be required to provide verification of the Executive’s identity and legal right to work in the United States and must complete a Form I-9 within the first three (3) days of the Effective Date. The Company shall notify the Executive of the identity of a clinic for drug testing that is local to the Executive, and the Executive hereby agrees to schedule an appointment with such clinic within forty-eight (48) hours of the date of this Agreement. In the event the Executive fails any such tests or such verification, then this Agreement shall be void ab initio and of no further force or effect.
8.3     Severability . Each provision of this Agreement shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Agreement is held to be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision will be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provision or the remaining provisions of this Agreement.
8.4     Binding Effect; Benefits . The Executive may not delegate his duties or assign his rights hereunder. Except as explicitly provided in the Agreement, no rights or obligations of the Company under this Agreement may be assigned or transferred by the Company other than
 
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pursuant to a merger or consolidation in which the Company is not the continuing entity, or a sale, liquidation or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, provided that the assignee or transferee is the successor to all or substantially all of the assets or businesses of the Company and assumes the liabilities, obligations and duties of the Company under this Agreement, either contractually or by operation of law. The Company further agree that, in the event of any disposition of their business and assets described in the preceding sentence, they shall use their best efforts to cause such assignee or transferee expressly to assume the liabilities, obligations and duties of the Company hereunder.
8.5     Entire Agreement . This Agreement, collectively with the Exhibits hereto and the Proprietary Information Agreement, represent the entire agreement of the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and shall supersede any and all previous contracts, arrangements, proposed terms or understandings between the Parties. This Agreement (including any of the Exhibits hereto) may be amended, modified or replaced at any time by mutual written agreement of the Parties. In the case of any conflict between any term or provision of this Agreement and any term or provision contained in any agreement, policy, plan, program, arrangement, employment manual, memorandum or other written document between or relating to the Company and the Executive or any rule of general applicability of the Company, this Agreement shall control and prevail.
8.6     Withholding . The payment of any amount pursuant to this Agreement shall be subject to applicable withholding and payroll taxes, and such other deductions as may be required by applicable law.
8.7     Governing Law . This Agreement and the performance of the Parties hereunder shall be governed by the internal laws (and not the law of conflicts) of the State of New Jersey, unless superseded by federal law.
8.8     Arbitration . Any dispute or controversy, including, but not limited to, discrimination claims and claims involving a class, arising under or in connection with this Agreement or the Executive’s employment with the Company, other than injunctive relief under Section 6.7 hereof, shall be settled exclusively by arbitration, conducted before a single arbitrator in New Jersey (applying New Jersey law) in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules and Procedures of the American Arbitration Association then in effect. The decision of the arbitrator will be final and binding upon the Parties hereto. Judgment may be entered on the arbitrator’s award in any court having jurisdiction. The Parties acknowledge and agree that in connection with any such arbitration and regardless of outcome (a) each party shall pay all its own costs and expenses, including without limitation its own legal fees and expenses, and (b) joint expenses shall be borne equally among the Parties. EACH PARTY WAIVES THE RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY.
8.9     Section 409A of the Code .
8.9.1     General . It is intended that the provisions of this Agreement comply with Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code ”) and the regulations and guidance promulgated thereunder (collectively “ Code Section  409A ”), and all provisions of this Agreement shall be construed in a manner consistent with the requirements for
 
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avoiding taxes or penalties under Code Section 409A. If any provision of this Agreement (or of any award of compensation, including equity compensation or benefits) would cause the Executive to incur any additional tax or interest under Code Section 409A, the Company shall, upon the specific request of the Executive, use its reasonable business efforts to in good faith reform such provision to comply with Code Section 409A; provided, that to the maximum extent practicable, the original intent and economic benefit to the Parties of the applicable provision shall be maintained. The Company shall timely use its reasonable business efforts to amend any plan or program in which the Executive participates to bring it in compliance with Code Section 409A.
8.9.2     Separation from Service; Six-Month Delay . A termination of employment shall not be deemed to have occurred for purposes of any provision of this Agreement providing for the payment of any amounts or benefits upon or following a termination of employment unless such termination is also a “ Separation from Service ” within the meaning of Code Section 409A and, for purposes of any such provision of this Agreement, references to a “ resignation ,” “ termination ,” “ termination of employment ” or like terms shall mean Separation from Service. If the Executive is deemed on the Date of Termination to be a “ specified employee ,” within the meaning of that term under Section (a)(2)(B) of Code Section 409A (“ Code Section  409(a)(2)(B) ”) and using the identification methodology selected by the Company, as applicable, from time to time, or if none, the default methodology, then with regard to any payment, the providing of any benefit or any distribution of equity made subject to this Section 8.10.2, to the extent required to be delayed in compliance with Code Section 409A(a)(2)(B), and any other payment, the provision of any other benefit or any other distribution of equity that is required to be delayed in compliance with Code Section 409A(a)(2)(B), such payment, benefit or distribution shall not be made or provided prior to the earlier of (i) the expiration of the six-month period measured from the date of the Executive’s Separation from Service or (ii) the date of the Executive’s death. On the first day of the seventh month following the date of the Executive’s Separation from Service or, if earlier, on the date of his death, (x) all payments delayed pursuant to this Section 8.10.2 (whether they would have otherwise been payable in a single sum or in installments in the absence of such delay) shall be paid or reimbursed to the Executive in a lump sum, and any remaining payments and benefits due under this Agreement shall be paid or provided in accordance with the normal payment dates specified for them herein and (y) all distributions of equity delayed pursuant to this Section 8.10.2 shall be made to the Executive. In addition to the foregoing, to the extent required by Code Section 409A(a)(2)(B), prior to the occurrence of both a Disability termination as provided in Section 4.1.2 hereof and the Executive’s becoming “disabled” under Code Section 409A, the payment of any compensation to the Executive under this Agreement shall be suspended for a period of six months commencing at such time that the Executive shall be deemed to have had a Separation from Service because either (A) a sick leave ceases to be a bona fide sick leave of absence, or (B) the permitted time period for a sick leave of absence expires (an “ SFS Disability ”), without regard to whether such SFS Disability actually results in a Disability termination. Promptly following the expiration of such six-month period, all compensation suspended pursuant to the foregoing sentence (whether it would have otherwise been payable in a single sum or in installments in the absence of such suspension) shall be paid or reimbursed to the Executive in a lump sum. On any delayed payment date under this Section 8.10.2, there shall be paid to the Executive or, if the Executive has died, to his estate, in a single cash lump sum together with the payment of such delayed payment, interest on the aggregate amount of such delayed payment at the Delayed Payment Interest Rate (as
 
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defined below) computed from the date on which such delayed payment otherwise would have been made to the Executive until the date paid. For purposes of the foregoing, the “ Delayed Payment Interest Rate ” shall mean the prime interest rate as reported in The Wall Street Journal as of the business day immediately preceding the payment date for the applicable delayed payment.
8.9.3     Expense Reimbursement . With regard to any provision herein that provides for reimbursement of costs and expenses or in-kind benefits, except as permitted by Code Section 409A, (i) the right to reimbursement or in-kind benefits shall not be subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit, (ii) the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in-kind benefits, provided during any taxable year shall not affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in-kind benefits to be provided, in any other taxable year, provided that the foregoing clause (ii) shall not be violated with regard to expenses reimbursed under any arrangement covered by Section 105(b) of the Internal Revenue Code and the regulations and guidance promulgated thereunder solely because such expenses are subject to a limit related to the period the arrangement is in effect and (iii) such payments shall be made on or before the last day of the Executive’s taxable year following the taxable year in which the expense was incurred.
8.10     Consultants/Attorney’s Fees . The Company shall promptly pay directly or reimburse the Executive for all consultants and attorneys’ fees, disbursements and costs incurred by the Executive in connection with the negotiation, preparation and execution of this Agreement, which in the aggregate shall not exceed $7,500.
8.11     Survivorship . Except as otherwise expressly set forth in this Agreement, upon the expiration of the Term, the respective rights and obligations of the Parties shall survive such expiration to the extent necessary to carry out the intentions of the Parties as embodied in this Agreement. This Agreement shall continue in effect until there are no further rights or obligations of the Parties outstanding hereunder and shall not be terminated by either party without the express prior written consent of all Parties.
8.12     Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in counterparts (including by electronic transmission) which, when taken together, shall constitute one and the same agreement of the Parties.
8.13     Company Representations . As of the Effective Date, the Company represents and warrants to the Executive that (i) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement (and the agreements referred to herein) by the Company has been fully and validly authorized by all necessary corporate action, (ii) the officer or director signing this Agreement on behalf of the Company is duly authorized to do so, (iii) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement does not violate any applicable law, regulation, order, judgment or decree or any agreement, plan or corporate governance document to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound and (iv) upon execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Executive and the Company, it shall be a valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except to the extent that enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally.
 
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[Signature Page Follows]
 
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Amneal and Holdings have caused this Agreement to be duly executed and the Executive has hereunto set his hand, as of the date first set forth above.

Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC	

By:	 	/s/ Chirag Patel	
			
Name:  Chirag Patel	
Title:   Co-CEO and Chairman	
 
Amneal Holdings, LLC	

By:	 	/s/ Chirag Patel	
			
Name:  Chirag Patel	
Title:   Management Member	

/s/ Andrew Boyer	
Andrew Boyer	
 
Signature Page to Employment Agreement

Exhibit A
(To be signed on or within 50 days after termination. Please do not sign before the date of termination.)
RELEASE AGREEMENT
(Age 40 or Older)
In exchange for my receipt of the severance payments and benefits set forth in Sections 4.4.2 and 4.4.3 of my Employment Agreement, dated [            ], 201[8] (as amended, my “ Employment Agreement ”), with Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC (the “ Company ”) [and Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“ Parent ”)], and for other valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, I do hereby release and forever discharge the “ Releasees ” hereunder, consisting of the Company [and Parent], and each of their subsidiaries and affiliates, and, in their capacity as such, each of their predecessors, successors, partners, directors, officers, employees, attorneys and agents, of and from any and all manner of action or actions, cause or causes of action, in law or in equity, suits, debts, liens, contracts, agreements, promises, liability, claims, demands, damages, losses, costs, attorneys’ fees or expenses, of any nature whatsoever, known or unknown, fixed or contingent, in connection with or arising under my employment with the Company [Parent] (hereinafter called “ Claims ”), which I now have or have ever had against the Releasees, or any of them, by reason of any matter, cause, or thing whatsoever from the beginning of time to the date I sign this Release Agreement. The Claims released herein include, and are limited to: (1) all claims arising out of or in any way related to my service or employment relationship with any of the Releasees or the termination of that relationship; (2) all claims related to my compensation or benefits from the any of the Releasees, including salary, bonuses, commissions, Paid Time Off, expense reimbursements, severance pay, fringe benefits, stock, stock options, or any other ownership interests in [Parent,] the Company or any of their respective subsidiaries and affiliates (collectively, the “ Group Entities ”); (3) all claims for breach of contract, wrongful termination, and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing; (4) all tort claims, including claims for fraud, defamation, emotional distress, and discharge in violation of public policy; and (5) all federal, state, and local statutory claims, including (without limitation) claims for discrimination, harassment, retaliation, attorneys’ fees, and other claims arising under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, as amended (the “ ADEA ”); Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended; the Equal Pay Act; the Civil Rights Act of 1866; the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, as amended; the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended; the False Claims Act, as amended; the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, as amended; the Fair Labor Standards Act, as amended; the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; the Worker Adjustment Notification and Retraining Act; the New Jersey Law Against Discrimination; the New Jersey Conscientious Employee Protection Act; the New Jersey Family Leave Act; the New Jersey Wage Payment Law; the New Jersey Wage and Hour Law; the New Jersey Equal Pay Act; and retaliation claims under the New Jersey Workers’ Compensation Law.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Release Agreement shall not be construed in any way to release any Claim (i) to payments and benefits under Section 4.4.2 and 4.4.3 of my Employment Agreement, (ii) to accrued or vested benefits I may have, if any, as of the date

hereof under any applicable plan, policy, practice, program, contract or agreement with any Group Entity, (iii) for indemnification and/or advancement of expenses, arising under any indemnification agreement between me and any Group Entity or under the bylaws, certificate of incorporation or other similar governing document of any Group Entity or to coverage under applicable directors’ and officers’ or other third party liability insurance policy(ies) maintained by the Company or any of its affiliates, (iv) to any rights or benefits that may not be waived pursuant to applicable law, including, without limitation, any right to unemployment insurance benefits, (v) that arises after the date I execute this Release Agreement, or (vi) to my right to communicate directly with, cooperate with, or provide information to, any federal, state or local government regulator.
For the avoidance of doubt, nothing in this Release will be construed to prohibit me from filing a charge with, reporting possible violations to, or participating or cooperating with any governmental agency or entity, including but not limited to the EEOC, the Department of Justice, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the National Labor Relations Board, Congress, or any agency Inspector General, or making other disclosures that are protected under the whistleblower, anti-discrimination, or anti-retaliation provisions of federal, state or local law or regulation; provided, however , that I may not disclose information of the Releasees that is protected by the attorney-client privilege, except as otherwise required by law. I do not need the prior authorization of the applicable Releasee to make any such reports or disclosures, and I am not required to notify the applicable Releasee that I have made such reports or disclosures.
I acknowledge that I am knowingly and voluntarily waiving and releasing any rights I may have under the ADEA, and that the consideration given under my Employment Agreement for the waiver and release I am providing herein is in addition to anything of value to which I was already entitled. I further acknowledge that I have been advised by this writing, as required by the ADEA, that: (a) my waiver and release do not apply to any rights or claims that may arise after the date I sign this Release Agreement; (b) I should consult with an attorney prior to signing this Release Agreement (although I may choose voluntarily not to do so); (c) I have forty-five (45) days to consider this Release Agreement (although I may choose voluntarily to sign this Release Agreement before the end of the 45-day period) and to return the signed Release Agreement to the Company; (d) I have seven (7) days following the date I sign this Release Agreement (the “ Revocation Period ”) to revoke the Release Agreement as described below; and (e) this Release Agreement shall not be effective until the date upon which the Revocation Period has expired, which shall be the eighth day after I sign this Release Agreement (the “ Effective Date ”). I understand and agree that if I choose to revoke this Release Agreement, I must deliver notice of such revocation in writing, by personal delivery, email or mail, to [NAME], [TITLE] (            @            .com) at the Company, [ADDRESS], no later than 5:00 p.m. Pacific Time on the last day of the Revocation Period. If mailed, the revocation must be properly addressed and postmarked no later than the last day of the Revocation Period.
I represent that I have no lawsuits, claims or actions pending in my name, or on behalf of myself or any other person or entity, against any of the Releasees. I agree that I will not voluntarily provide assistance, information or advice, directly or indirectly (including through agents or attorneys), to any person or entity in connection with any actual or potential claim or cause of action of any kind against the Releasees and I shall not induce or encourage any person or entity to do so, unless compelled or authorized to do so by law. Notwithstanding the

foregoing, I retain the right to file a charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and equivalent federal, state and local agencies, and to cooperate with investigations by any such agencies.
I acknowledge and represent that I have not suffered any discrimination or harassment by any of the Releasees on account of race, gender, national origin, religion, marital or registered domestic partner status, sexual orientation, age, disability, veteran status, medical condition or any other characteristic protected by applicable law. I acknowledge and represent that I have not been denied any leave, benefits or rights to which I may have been entitled under the FMLA or any other federal or state law, and that I have not suffered any job-related wrongs or injuries for which I might be entitled to compensation or relief. I further acknowledge and represent that, other than the benefits that will be provided to me pursuant to Sections 4.4.2 and 4.4.3 of my Employment Agreement, I have been paid all wages, bonuses, compensation, benefits and other amounts that any of the Releasees has ever owed to me, and I am not entitled to any additional compensation, severance or benefits after the date on which my employment with the Group Entities terminated, with the sole exception of any benefit the right to which has vested under the express terms of a Group Entity benefit plan document.
In addition, I hereby acknowledge my continuing obligations under my Employee Confidentiality, Non-Solicitation and Ownership of Inventions Agreement with the Company and under Section 6 of the Employment Agreement, including (without limitation) my obligations not to use or disclose any proprietary or confidential information of the Group Entities. Notwithstanding anything herein or in my Employee Confidentiality, Non-Solicitation and Ownership of Inventions Agreement with the Company, I acknowledge and I agree that, pursuant to 18 USC Section 1833(b), I will not be held criminally or civilly liable under any federal or state trade secret law for the disclosure of a trade secret that is made: (i) in confidence to a federal, state, or local government official, either directly or indirectly, or to an attorney, and solely for the purpose of reporting or investigating a suspected violation of law; or (ii) in a complaint or other document filed in a lawsuit or other proceeding, if such filing is made under seal.
I agree that if I commence any suit arising out of, based upon, or relating to any of the Claims released under this Release Agreement, then I will pay to the Releasees, and each of them, in addition to any other damages caused to the Releasees thereby, all attorneys’ fees incurred by the Releasees in defending or otherwise responding to such suit; provided, that, this paragraph shall not apply with respect to any compulsory counterclaims within the meaning of Rule 13(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, asserted by me against the Releasees bringing claims against me.
I agree that if any provision of this Release Agreement is determined to be invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part, this determination will not affect any other provision of this Release Agreement and the provision in question shall be modified so as to be rendered enforceable in a manner consistent with the intent of the Parties insofar as possible under applicable law. I understand that this Release Agreement, together with my Employment Agreement, constitutes the complete, final and exclusive embodiment of the entire agreement between [Parent,] the Company and me with regard to the subject matter hereof. I am not relying on any promise or representation by [Parent or] the Company that is not expressly stated therein.

I acknowledge that in order for this Release Agreement to become effective, I must sign this Release Agreement and return it by email or mail to [NAME], [TITLE] (                @            .com) at the Company, [ADDRESS], on or within fifty (50) days after the date on which my employment terminated, and I must not exercise my right to revoke the Release Agreement as described above.
I have carefully read and fully understand this Release Agreement, and agree to be bound by its terms.

Printed Name:	 	 	

Signature:	 	 	

Date:	 	 	

Exhibit 10.11
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (“ Agreement ”), entered into as of December 12, 2012 (the “ Effective Date ”), by and between Impax Laboratories, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), and Bryan M. Reasons (the “ Executive ”).
W I T N E S S E T H:
WHEREAS, the Executive possesses unique personal knowledge, experience and expertise concerning the business and operations conducted by the company;
WHEREAS, the Company desires to continue the employment of the Executive, and the Executive desires to continue to be employed by the Company, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement; and
WHEREAS, effective as of the Effective Date, the Company and the Executive desire to enter into this Agreement as to the terms and conditions of the Executive’s continued employment with the Company.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the covenants and agreements hereinafter set forth and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:
 
1.	EMPLOYMENT AND DUTIES	
1.1  Term of Employment . The Executive’s initial term of employment under this Agreement shall commence on the Effective Date and shall continue until December 31, 2013 (the “ Initial Term ”), unless further extended or earlier terminated as provided in this Agreement. This Agreement will automatically be renewed for single one-year periods unless written notice of non-renewal is provided by either party at least 90 days prior to the end of the Initial Term or the successive one-year period then in effect or unless earlier terminated as provided in this Agreement. Neither non-renewal of this Agreement for additional periods after December 31, 2013, nor expiration of this Agreement as a result of such non-renewal, shall, by itself, result in termination of Executive’s employment. The period of time between the Effective Date and the termination of the Executive’s employment under this Agreement or the expiration of this Agreement, whichever is earlier, shall be referred to herein as the “ Term. ”
1.2  General .
1.2.1 During the Term, the Executive shall have the title of Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer of the Company and shall have the authorities, duties and responsibilities of the principal financial and/or accounting officer of the Company and such other authorities, duties and responsibilities as are prescribed by the Company’s by-laws, or as may from time to time be delegated to him by the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) or the Chief Executive Officer of the Company. The Executive shall faithfully and diligently discharge his duties hereunder and use his best efforts to implement the policies established by the Board from time to time. During the Term, the Executive shall report to the Chief Executive Officer.
 
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1.2.2 The Executive shall devote all of his business time, attention, knowledge and skills faithfully, diligently and to the best of his ability, in furtherance of the business and activities of the Company; provided , however , that nothing in this Agreement shall preclude the Executive from devoting reasonable periods of time required for:
(i) serving as a director or member of a committee of up to two (2) organizations or corporations that do not, in the good faith determination of the Board, compete with the Company or otherwise create, or could create, in the good faith determination of the Board, a conflict of interest with the business of the Company;
(ii) delivering lectures, fulfilling speaking engagements, and any writing or publication relating to his area of expertise; provided , however , that any fees, royalties or honorariums received therefrom shall be promptly turned over to the Company;
(iii) engaging in professional organization and program activities;
(iv) managing his personal passive investments and affairs; and
(v) participating in charitable or community affairs;
provided that such activities do not materially, individually or in the aggregate, interfere with the due performance of his duties and responsibilities under this Agreement or create a conflict of interest with the business of the Company, as determined in good faith by the Board.
1.2.3 The Executive shall obtain a comprehensive medical examination every two years during the Term, and the Company shall reimburse the Executive the cost thereof to the extent not reimbursed by health insurance.
1.3  Reimbursement of Expenses . During the Term, the Company shall pay the reasonable expenses incurred by the Executive in the performance of his duties hereunder, including, without limitation, those incurred in connection with business related travel or entertainment, or, if such expenses are paid directly by the Executive, the Company shall promptly reimburse him for such payments, provided that the Executive properly accounts for such expenses in accordance with the Company’s business expense reimbursement policy. To the extent any such reimbursements (and any other reimbursements of costs and expenses provided for herein) are includable in the Executive’s gross income for Federal income tax purposes, all such reimbursements shall be made no later than March 15 of the calendar year next following the calendar year in which the expenses to be reimbursed are incurred.
 
2.	COMPENSATION	
2.1  Base Salary . During the Term, the Executive shall be entitled to receive a base salary at the annual rate of $385,000.00, subject to increase or decrease, as determined by the Board or its Compensation Committee from time to time in its discretion, payable in accordance with the payroll practices of the Company (the “ Base Salary ”).
 
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2.2  Incentive Bonuses . In addition to the Base Salary, during the Term the Executive shall participate in the Company’s management bonus program whereby the Executive will be eligible to receive an annual cash incentive bonus based upon a percentage of the Base Salary and attainment of goals established in writing by the Board or its Compensation Committee at the beginning of each year (the “ Incentive Bonus ”) for each completed calendar year (subject to Section 5.4 hereof) of service with the Company. Such bonus shall be paid within 2-1/2 months following the end of the calendar year to which it relates. The Executive’s potential bonus for 2012 is targeted at 50% of the Base Salary and potentially up to 75% of the Base Salary, and for 2013 is targeted at 60% of the Base Salary and potentially up to 90% of the Base Salary, in each case, depending upon the achievement of certain business and individual objectives and criteria for each period.
2.3  Options and Stock Awards . During the Term, the Executive shall be eligible to receive such other grants of stock options and restricted stock in such amounts and subject to such terms as determined by the Compensation Committee in its sole discretion.
2.4  Relocation Allowance . The Company shall pay the Executive a relocation allowance in the gross amount of $130,000.00, less all applicable taxes and other required withholdings, which may be used toward any and all expenses that the Executive may incur in moving to the Bay Area in California. The Company shall pay such allowance as follows: (i) $65,000.00 within thirty (30) days following the Effective Date, and (ii) the remaining $65,000.00 on the first payroll date following the Executive’s relocation to the Bay Area as demonstrated by delivery to the Company of satisfactory proof of a permanent move; provided , however , that (i) if within one (1) year of the Effective Date the Executive voluntarily terminates his employment without Good Reason or the Company terminates the Executive’s employment for Cause (as such terms are defined below), then the Executive shall repay to the Company the full amount of the relocation allowance received, and (ii) if such an event as described in subparagraph (i) above occurs after the first anniversary of the Effective Date and prior to the second anniversary of the Effective Date, then the Executive shall repay to the Company the second of the relocation allowance payments received. If either relocation allowance is required to be repaid pursuant to the proviso in the preceding sentence, the Executive shall repay the applicable relocation allowance to the Company within thirty (30) days of the Executive’s last day of employment.
2.5  Home-Finding Trips . The Company will reimburse the Executive for reasonable and appropriate expenses for two home-finding trips during the six (6) months following the Effective Date, upon proper accounting for such expenses. Home-finding trips will be limited to no more than a combined total of 8 days.
2.6  Reimbursement of Temporary Living Expenses . Pending acquisition of a permanent residence in California’s Bay Area, the Company shall reimburse the Executive up to $3,000.00 per month for temporary living expenses for up to a period of eight (8) months following the Effective Date, upon proper accounting for such expenses. Such reimbursements will cease once the Executive becomes eligible to receive the second relocation allowance payment as set forth in Paragraph 2.4 above, or after a period of eight (8) months, whichever occurs first.
 
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2.7  Additional Compensation . During the Term, in addition to the foregoing, the Executive shall be eligible to receive such other compensation as may from time to time be awarded him by either the Board or the Compensation Committee in its sole discretion.
 
3.	PLACE OF PERFORMANCE	
In connection with his employment by the Company, the Executive shall be based at the Company’s principal executive offices in Hayward, California.
 
4.	EMPLOYEE BENEFITS	
During the Term, the Executive shall be entitled to paid time off generally made available to executive personnel of the Company and to participate in and have the benefit of all group life, disability, hospital, surgical and major medical insurance plans and programs and other employee benefit plans and programs as generally are made available to executive personnel of the Company, as such benefit plans or programs may be amended or terminated in the sole discretion of the Board and with the concurrence of the Compensation Committee, from time to time.
 
5.	TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT	
5.1  General . The Executive’s employment under this Agreement may be terminated without any breach of this Agreement only on the following circumstances:
5.1.1  Death . The Executive’s employment under this Agreement shall terminate upon his death.
5.1.2  Disability . If the Executive suffers a Disability (as defined below), the Company may terminate the Executive’s employment under this Agreement upon 30 days prior written notice; provided that the Executive has not returned to full time performance of his duties during such 30-day period. For purposes of this Agreement, “ Disability ” shall mean the Executive’s inability to perform his duties and responsibilities hereunder, with or without reasonable accommodation, due to any physical or mental illness or incapacity, which condition either (i) has continued for a period of 180 days (including weekends and holidays) in any consecutive 365-day period, or (ii) is projected by the Board in good faith after consulting with a doctor selected by the Company and consented to by the Executive (or, in the event of the Executive’s incapacity, his legal representative), such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, that the condition is likely to continue for a period of at least six consecutive months from its commencement.
5.1.3  Good Reason . The Executive may terminate his employment under this Agreement for Good Reason (as defined below) at any time on or prior to the 60th day after the occurrence of any of the Good Reason events set forth in the following sentence. For purposes of this Agreement, “ Good Reason ” shall mean the occurrence of any of the following events without the Executive’s consent and which is not cured by the Company upon written notice by the Executive, such notice to have been provided by the Executive within 30 days of any such event having occurred:
 
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(i) any action or inaction by the Company constituting a material breach of the Agreement by the Company;
(ii) a material diminution of the authorities, duties or responsibilities of the Executive set forth in Section 1.2 above (other than temporarily while the Executive is physically or mentally incapacitated and unable to properly perform such duties, as determined by the Board in good faith);
(iii) the loss of any of the titles of the Executive with the Company set forth in Section 1.2 above;
(iv) a material reduction by the Company in the Base Salary or in any of the percentages of the Base Salary payable as an Incentive Bonus, but, except in the case of a reduction following a Change in Control (as defined below), not including (a) a reduction in the Base Salary or in any of the percentages of the Base Salary payable as an Incentive Bonus which is consistent with the reduction in the Base Salary or in any of the percentages of the Base Salary payable as an Incentive Bonus imposed on all senior executives of the Company or (b) a reduction in the Base Salary or in any of the percentages of the Base Salary payable as an Incentive Bonus based on the results of peer benchmark data obtained by the Board and after approval of the Board;
(v) the relocation of the Executive to an office more than 50 miles from its current Hayward location;
(vi) the assignment to the Executive of duties or responsibilities that are materially inconsistent with any of his duties and responsibilities set forth in Section 1.2 hereof;
(vii) a material change in the reporting structure set forth in Section 1.2.1 hereof; or
(viii) the failure of the Company to obtain the assumption in writing of its obligation to perform this Agreement by any successor in connection with a sale or other disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets or businesses within 10 days after such sale or other disposition.
5.1.4  Without Good Reason . The Executive may voluntarily terminate his employment under this Agreement without Good Reason upon written notice by the Executive to the Company at least 60 days prior to the effective date of such termination (which termination the Company may, in its sole discretion, make effective earlier than the date set forth in the Notice of Termination (as defined below)).
5.1.5  Cause . The Company may terminate the Executive’s employment under this Agreement at any time for Cause (as defined below). For purposes of this Agreement, termination for “ Cause ” shall mean termination of the Executive’s employment because of the occurrence of any of the following as determined in good faith by the Board:
 
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(i) the willful and continued failure by the Executive to substantially perform his obligations under this Agreement (other than any such failure resulting from the Executive’s incapacity due to a Disability); provided , however , that the Company shall have provided the Executive with a Notice of Termination specifying such failure and the Executive shall have been afforded at least 15 days within which to cure same;
(ii) the indictment of the Executive for, or his conviction of or plea of guilty or nolo contendere to, a felony or any other crime involving moral turpitude or dishonesty;
(iii) the Executive’s willful misconduct in the performance of his duties hereunder (including theft, fraud, embezzlement, and securities law violations or violation of the Company’s Code of Conduct or other written policies); or
(iv) the Executive’s willful misconduct other than in the performance of his duties for the Company (including theft, fraud, embezzlement, and securities law violations) that is actually or potentially materially injurious to the Company, monetarily or otherwise.
For purposes of this Section 5.1.5, no act or failure to act on the part of the Executive shall be considered “ willful ,” unless done, or omitted to be done, without reasonable belief that his action or omission was in, or not opposed to, the best interest of the Company (including its reputation). Prior to any termination for Cause, the Company shall provide the Executive with a Notice of Termination specifying the event constituting Cause and shall give the Executive the opportunity to appear before the Board to present his views on the Cause event. If, after such hearing, the majority of the full Board (excluding the Executive) does not support such termination, the Notice of Termination shall be rescinded. After providing the notice in the foregoing sentence, the Board may suspend the Executive with full pay and benefits until a final determination pursuant to this Section has been made.
5.1.6  Without Cause . The Company may terminate the Executive’s employment under this Agreement without Cause immediately upon written notice by the Company to the Executive, other than for death or Disability.
5.2  Notice of Termination . Any termination of the Executive’s employment by the Company or by the Executive (other than termination by reason of the Executive’s death) shall be communicated by written Notice of Termination to the other party of this Agreement. For purposes of this Agreement, a “ Notice of Termination ” shall mean a written notice which shall indicate the specific termination provision in this Agreement relied upon and shall set forth in reasonable detail the facts and circumstances claimed to provide the basis for such termination.
5.3  Date of Termination . The “ Date of Termination ” shall mean (a) if the termination is the result of the Executive’s death, the date of his death, (b) if the termination is pursuant to Section 5.1.2 hereof, 30 days after the Notice of Termination is given (provided that the Executive shall not have returned to the performance of his duties on a full-time basis during such 30-day period), (c) if the termination is pursuant to Section 5.1.5 or Section 5.1.3 hereof, the date specified in the Notice of Termination after the expiration of any applicable cure period, (d) if the termination is pursuant to Section 5.1.4 hereof, the date specified in the Notice of Termination which shall be at least 60 days after the Notice of Termination is given, or such earlier date as the Company shall determine in its sole discretion, and (e) if the termination is pursuant to Section 5.1.6 hereof, the date on which the Notice of Termination is given.
 
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5.4  Compensation Upon Termination .
5.4.1  Termination for Cause or without Good Reason . If the Executive’s employment shall be terminated by the Company for Cause or by the Executive without Good Reason, then the Executive shall receive from the Company: (a) any earned but unpaid portion of the Base Salary through the Date of Termination, paid in accordance with the Company’s standard payroll practices; (b) any Incentive Bonus earned but unpaid for a prior fiscal year, paid in accordance with Section 2.2; (c) reimbursement for any unreimbursed expenses properly incurred and paid in accordance with Section 1.3 and Sections 2.5 and 2.6 through the Date of Termination; (d) payment for any accrued but unused vacation time in accordance with Company policy; (e) all stock options and restricted stock previously granted to the Executive that have vested in accordance with the terms of such grants; and (f) such vested accrued benefits, and other payments, if any, as to which the Executive (and his eligible dependents) may be entitled under, and in accordance with the terms and conditions of, the employee benefit arrangements, plans and programs of the Company as of the Date of Termination, other than any severance pay plan (such amounts and benefits set forth in clauses (a) though (f) being referred to hereinafter as the “ Amounts and Benefits ”), and the Company shall have no further obligation with respect to this Agreement other than as provided in Sections 7.4, 8 and 9 hereof. Any stock options and restricted stock previously granted to the Executive that have not vested in accordance with the terms of their grants as of the Date of Termination shall be forfeited as of the Date of Termination.
5.4.2  Termination without Cause or For Good Reason . If, prior to the expiration of the Term, the Executive resigns from his employment hereunder for Good Reason or the Company terminates the Executive’s employment hereunder without Cause (other than a termination by reason of death or Disability), and Section 5.4.3 does not apply, then the Company shall pay or provide the Executive the Amounts and Benefits and, subject to Section 5.4.8:
(i) Subject to Section 9.9.2, an amount equal to the sum of (x) the balance of the Base Salary due under this Agreement or one and one half times the Base Salary as then in effect (without taking into account any reduction therein that constitutes a basis for Good Reason), whichever is the greater, plus (y) an amount equal to one and one half times the average of the Incentive Bonus the Executive received from the Company for all fiscal years completed during the Term, with the aggregate amount due paid in equal installments on the Company’s normal payroll dates for a period of 12 months from the Date of Termination in accordance with the normal payroll practices of the Company, with each such payment deemed to be a separate payment for the purposes of Code Section 409A (as defined below);
(ii) in the event such resignation or termination occurs following the Company’s first fiscal quarter of any year, a pro rata portion of the Executive’s Incentive Bonus for the fiscal year in which the Executive’s termination occurs based on actual results for such year (determined by multiplying the amount of such Incentive Bonus which would be due for the full fiscal year, as determined in good faith by the Board, by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days during the fiscal year of termination that the Executive is employed by the Company and the denominator of which is 365), paid in accordance with, and at the times specified in, Section 2.2 (“ Pro Rata Bonus ”); and
 
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(iii) the continuation of all benefits for 24 months from the Date of Termination.
In addition, subject to Section 5.4.8, the vesting of all unvested stock options and restricted stock previously granted to the Executive shall be accelerated by 12 months, and any such stock options, notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in the option or the plan pursuant to which the option was granted, shall remain exercisable for a period of 12 months following the Date of Termination.
5.4.3  Termination Following Change in Control . Anything contained herein to the contrary notwithstanding, if the Executive resigns from his employment hereunder for Good Reason, the Company terminates the Executive’s employment hereunder without Cause (other than a termination by reason of death or Disability) within 60 days preceding or 12 months following a Change in Control (as defined below), or the Term expires or is not renewed due to the Company’s delivery of a notice of nonrenewal and the Executive’s employment is then terminated without Cause within 12 months following a Change in Control, then the Company shall pay or provide the Executive the Amounts and Benefits and, subject to Section 5.4.8, a change-in-control payment as follows:
(i) subject to Section 9.9.2, an amount equal to the sum of (x) the balance of the Base Salary due under this Agreement or two and one quarter times the Base Salary as then in effect (without taking into account any reduction therein that constitutes a basis for Good Reason), whichever is the greater, plus (y) an amount equal to two and one quarter times the average of the Incentive Bonus the Executive received from the Company for all fiscal years completed during the Term, with the aggregate amount due paid in equal installments on the Company’s normal payroll dates for a period of 12 months from the Date of Termination in accordance with the normal payroll practices of the Company, with each such payment deemed to be a separate payment for the purposes of Code Section 409A (as defined below);
(ii) in the event such resignation or termination occurs following the Company’s first fiscal quarter of any year, a Pro Rata Bonus; and
(iii) the continuation of all benefits for 24 months from the Date of Termination.
In addition, subject to Section 5.4.8, the vesting of all unvested stock options and restricted stock previously granted to the Executive shall be accelerated to the Date of Termination, and any such stock options, notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in the option or the plan pursuant to which the option was granted, shall remain exercisable for a period of 12 months following the Date of Termination.
 
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5.4.4 For purposes of this Agreement, a “ Change in Control ” shall be deemed to occur upon any of the following events, provided that such an event is a Change in Control Event within the meaning of Code Section 409A (as defined below): (a) any “ person ” as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”) (other than the Company, any trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under any employee benefit plan of the Company, or any company owned, directly or indirectly, by the stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the common stock), becoming the beneficial owner (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing more than 50% of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding securities; (b) during any period of 12 consecutive months, the individuals who, at the beginning of such period, constitute the Board, and any new director whose election by the Board or nomination for election by the Company’s stockholders was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the directors then still in office who either were directors at the beginning of the 12-month period or whose election or nomination for election was previously so approved, cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board; (c) a merger or consolidation of the Company with any other corporation or other entity, other than a merger or consolidation that would result in the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto (and held by persons that are not affiliates of the acquirer) continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting securities of the surviving entity) more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the Company or such surviving entity outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation; provided , however , that a merger or consolidation effected to implement a recapitalization of the Company (or similar transaction) in which no person (other than those covered by the exceptions in clause (a) of this Section 5.4.4) acquires more than 50% of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding securities shall not constitute a Change in Control; or (d) the consummation of a sale or other disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, including a liquidation, other than the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company to a person or persons who beneficially own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the combined voting power of the outstanding voting securities of the Company immediately prior to the time of the sale or other disposition.
5.4.5  Termination upon Death . In the event of the Executive’s death, the Company shall pay or provide to the Executive’s estate: (i) the Amounts and Benefits and (ii) a Pro Rata Bonus. In addition, (A) all of the then remaining unvested restricted stock previously granted to the Executive shall immediately become vested on the Date of Termination and shall be distributed to the Executive’s estate within 60 days of the Date of Termination and (B) the portion of the unvested stock options previously granted to the Executive that are scheduled to vest in the calendar year of the Executive’s death shall immediately become vested on the certification of the Compensation Committee based on the achievement of the performance goals for such year, calculated through the Date of Termination, and shall be distributed to the Executive’s estate 60 days after the Date of Termination. After giving effect to the foregoing, any portion of the stock options that remain unvested on the certification following the Executive’s death shall be forfeited.
5.4.6  Termination upon Disability . In the event the Company terminates the Executive’s employment hereunder for reason of Disability, the Company shall pay or provide to the Executive: (i) the Amounts and Benefits, (ii) a Pro Rata Bonus and (iii) medical benefits for six months. In addition, subject to Section 5.4.8, (A) 50% of the unvested restricted stock previously granted to the Executive shall immediately become vested on the Date of Termination and shall be distributed to the Executive as provided in, and subject to, Sections 5.4.8 and 9.9.2 and (B) the portion of the unvested stock options previously granted to the Executive that are scheduled to vest in the calendar year the Date of Termination occurs shall immediately become vested on the certification of the Compensation Committee based on the achievement of the performance goals for such year, calculated through the Date of Termination, and shall be distributed to the Executive as provided in, and subject to, Sections 5.4.8 and 9.9.2. After giving effect to the foregoing, any portion of the restricted shares and stock options that remain unvested on the certification following the Date of Termination shall be forfeited as of the Date of Termination.
 
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5.4.7  No Mitigation or Offset . The Executive shall not be required to mitigate the amount of any payment provided for in this Section 5.4 by seeking other employment or otherwise, nor shall the amount of any payment provided for in this Section 5.4 be reduced by any compensation earned by the Executive as the result of employment by another employer or business or by profits earned by the Executive from any other source at any time before and after the Date of Termination.
5.4.8  Release . Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in this Agreement, the Company’s obligation to pay or provide the Executive with the payments and benefits under Sections 5.4.2 and 5.4.3 (other than the Amounts and Benefits), and any distributions with respect to the restricted stock and stock options under Sections 5.4.2, 5.4.3 and 5.4.6, shall be conditioned on the Executive’s execution and failure to revoke a waiver and general release in a form consistent with Exhibit A hereto (subject to such changes as may be necessary at the time of execution in order to make such release enforceable) (the “ Release ”). The Company shall provide the Release to the Executive within seven days following the applicable Date of Termination. In order to receive the payments and benefits under Sections 5.4.2 and 5.4.3 (other than the Amounts and Benefits) and the distributions with respect to the restricted stock and stock options under Sections 5.4.2, 5.4.3 and 5.4.6, the Executive will be required to execute and deliver the Release within 21 days after the date it is provided to him and not to revoke it within seven days following such execution and delivery. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, (i) all payments delayed pursuant to this Section, except to the extent delayed pursuant to Section 9.9.2, shall be paid to the Executive in a lump sum on the first Company payroll date on or following the 60th day after the Date of Termination, and any remaining payments due under this Agreement shall be paid or provided in accordance with the normal payment dates specified for them herein, with each such payment deemed to be a separate payment for the purposes of Code Section 409A (as defined below) and (ii) all distributions with respect to the restricted stock and stock options delayed pursuant to this Section, except to the extent delayed pursuant to Section 9.9.2, shall be distributed to the Executive on the 60th day after the Date of Termination.
 
6.	INSURABILITY; RIGHT TO INSURE	
The Company shall have the right to maintain key man life insurance in its own name covering the Executive’s life in an amount of up to $50,000,000.00. The Executive shall fully cooperate in the procuring of such insurance, including submitting to any required medical examination and by completing, executing and delivering such applications and other instrument in writing as may be reasonably required by any insurance company to which application for insurance may be made by the Company.
 
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7.	CONFIDENTIALITY; NON-SOLICITATION; NON-DISPARAGEMENT; COOPERATION	
7.1  Confidential Information.  The Company and the Executive acknowledge that the services to be performed by the Executive under this Agreement are unique and extraordinary and, as a result of such employment, the Executive shall be in possession of Confidential Information (as defined below) relating to the business practices of the Company and its subsidiaries and affiliates (collectively, the “ Company Group ”). The term “ Confidential Information ” shall mean any and all information (oral and written) relating to the Company Group, or any of their respective activities, or of the clients, customers or business practices of the Company Group, other than such information which (i) is generally available to the public or within the relevant trade or industry, other than as the result of breach of the provisions of this Section 7.1, or (ii) the Executive is required to disclose under any applicable laws, regulations or directives of any government agency, tribunal or authority having jurisdiction in the matter or under subpoena or other process of law. Confidential Information includes, but it not limited to, information that the Executive creates, develops, derives, obtains, makes known, or learns about which has commercial value in the business in which the Company Group is involved and which is treated by the Company Group as confidential, such as trade secrets, ideas, processes, formulas, compounds, compositions, research and clinical data, know-how, discoveries, developments, designs, innovations, plans, strategies, forecasts and customer and supplier lists. The Executive shall not, during the Term or at any time thereafter, except as may be required in the course of the performance of his duties hereunder (including pursuant to Section 7.5 below) and except with respect to any litigation or arbitration involving this Agreement, including the enforcement hereof, directly or indirectly, use, communicate, disclose or disseminate to any person, firm or corporation any Confidential Information acquired by the Executive during, or as a result of, his employment with the Company, without the prior written consent of the Company. Without limiting the foregoing, the Executive understands that the Executive shall be prohibited from misappropriating any trade secret of the Company Group or of the clients or customers of the Company Group acquired by the Executive during, or as a result of, his employment with the Company, at any time during or after the Term.
7.2  Return of Property.  Upon the termination of the Executive’s employment for any reason, all Company Group property that is in the possession of the Executive, including all documents, records, drug formulations, notebooks, equipment, price lists, specifications, programs, customer and prospective customer lists and other materials that contain Confidential Information that are in the possession of the Executive, including all copies thereof, shall be promptly returned to the Company. Anything to the contrary herein notwithstanding, the Executive shall be entitled to retain (i) papers and other materials of a personal nature, including photographs, correspondence, personal diaries, calendars and rolodexes, personal files and phone books, (ii) information showing his compensation or relating to reimbursement of expenses, (iii) information that he reasonably believes may be needed for tax purposes and (iv) copies of plans, programs and agreements relating to his employment, or termination thereof, with the Company.
 
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7.3  Prohibition on Use of Confidential Information to Solicit Customers and Prospects.  During the Executive’s employment, the Executive shall not engage in any other employment or activity that might materially interfere with or be in direct competition with the interests of the Company Group. Furthermore, the Executive shall not, except in the furtherance of the Executive’s duties hereunder, directly or indirectly, individually or on behalf of any other person, firm, corporation or other entity, (i) during the Term (except in the good faith performance of his duties) and for a period of 24 months thereafter, solicit, aid or induce any employee, representative or agent of the Company to leave such employment or retention or to accept employment with or render services to or with any other person, firm, corporation or other entity unaffiliated with the Company or hire or retain any such employee, representative or agent, or take any action to materially assist or aid any other person, firm, corporation or other entity in identifying, hiring or soliciting any such employee, representative or agent, (ii) during the Term (except in the good faith performance of his duties) and for a period of 12 months thereafter, use any Confidential Information or trade secrets of the Company Group to solicit, aid, or induce (or attempt to do any of the foregoing), directly or indirectly, any customer or prospective customer of the Company with whom the Executive in any way dealt at any time during the last two years of his employment to purchase goods or services then sold by the Company from another person, firm, corporation or other entity or assist or aid any other persons or entity in identifying or soliciting any such customer or (iii) during the Term (except in the good faith performance of his duties) and for a period of 24 months thereafter, use any Confidential Information or trade secrets to interfere in any manner with the relationship of the Company and any of its vendors. An employee, representative or agent shall be deemed covered by this Section while so employed or retained by the Company and for six months thereafter. Anything to the contrary herein notwithstanding, the following shall not be deemed a violation of this Section 7.3: (a) the Executive’s responding to an unsolicited request for an employment reference regarding any former employee of the Company from such former employee, or from a third party, by providing a reference setting forth his personal views about such former employee; or (b) if an entity with which the Executive is associated hires or engages any employee of the Company, if the Executive was not, directly or indirectly, involved in hiring or identifying such person as a potential recruit or assisting in the recruitment of such employee. For purposes hereof, the Executive shall be deemed to have been involved “ indirectly ” in soliciting, hiring or identifying an employee only if the Executive (x) directs a third party to solicit or hire the Employee, (y) identifies an employee to a third party as a potential recruit or (z) aids, assists or participates with a third party in soliciting or hiring an employee.
7.4  Non-Disparagement.  At no time during or within five years after the Term shall the Executive, directly or indirectly, disparage the Company Group or any of the Company Group’s past or present employees, directors, products or services. The Company shall advise its senior officers and the members of the Board (while serving in such capacities) not to disparage the Executive during the period. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this Section 7.4 shall prevent any person from making any truthful statement to the extent (i) necessary to rebut any untrue public statements made about him or her; (ii) necessary with respect to any litigation, arbitration or mediation involving this Agreement and the enforcement thereof; (iii) required by law or by any court, arbitrator, mediator or administrative or legislative body (including any committee thereof) with jurisdiction over such person; or (iv) made as good faith competitive statements in the ordinary course of business.
 
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7.5  Cooperation.  Upon the receipt of reasonable notice from the Company (including the Company’s outside counsel), the Executive shall, while employed by the Company and thereafter, respond and provide information with regard to matters of which the Executive has knowledge as a result of the Executive’s employment with the Company and will provide reasonable assistance to the Company Group and its representatives in defense of any claims that may be made against the Company Group (or any member thereof), and will provide reasonable assistance to the Company Group in the prosecution of any claims that may be made by the Company Group (or any member thereof), to the extent that such claims may relate to matters related to the Executive’s period of employment with the Company (or any predecessors). Any request for such cooperation shall take into account the Executive’s personal and business commitments. The Executive shall promptly inform the Company (to the extent the Executive is legally permitted to do so) if the Executive is asked to assist in any investigation of the Company Group (or any member thereof) or their actions, regardless of whether a lawsuit or other proceeding has then been filed with respect to such investigation. If the Executive is required to provide any services pursuant to this Section 7.5 following the Term, upon presentation of appropriate documentation, the Company shall promptly reimburse the Executive for reasonable out-of-pocket travel, lodging, communication and duplication expenses incurred in connection with the performance of such services and in accordance with the Company’s expense policy for its senior officers, and for reasonable legal fees to the extent the Board in good faith believes that separate legal representation is reasonably required. The Executive’s entitlement to reimbursement of such costs and expenses, including legal fees, pursuant to this Section 7.5, shall in no way affect the Executive’s rights, if any, to be indemnified and/or advanced expenses in accordance with the Company’s (or any of its subsidiaries’) corporate or other organizational documents, any applicable insurance policy, and/or in accordance with this Agreement.
7.6  Remedies and Reformation.  Without intending to limit the remedies available to the Company, the Executive acknowledges that a breach of any of the covenants contained in this Section 7 may result in material and irreparable injury to the Company, or its affiliates or subsidiaries, for which there is no adequate remedy at law, that it will not be possible to measure damages for such injuries precisely and that, in the event of such a breach or threat the Company shall be entitled to a temporary restraining order and/or a preliminary or permanent injunction restraining the Executive from engaging in activities prohibited by this Section 7 or such other relief as may be required specifically to enforce any of the covenants in this Section 7. If for any reason it is held that the restrictions under this Section 7 are not reasonable or that consideration therefor is inadequate, such restrictions shall be interpreted or modified to include as much of the duration and scope identified in this Section as will render such restrictions valid and enforceable.
7.7  Violations.  In the event of any violation of the provisions of this Section 7, the Executive acknowledges and agrees that: (a) the post-termination restrictions contained in this Section 7 shall be extended by a period of time equal to the period of such violation, it being the intention of the parties hereto that the running of the applicable post-termination restriction period shall be tolled during any period of such violation; (b) any severance payable which remains unpaid or other benefits yet to be received under Section 5.4.2 or 5.4.3 shall be forfeited by the Executive; and (c) any vested options not exercised as of the date of any violation of the provisions of this Section 7 shall be forfeited.
 
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8.	INDEMNIFICATION; DIRECTORS’ AND OFFICERS’ LIABILITY INSURANCE	
During the Term and thereafter, the Company shall indemnify and hold harmless the Executive and his heirs and representatives as, and to the extent, provided in the Company’s by-laws. During the Term and thereafter, the Company shall also cover Executive under the Company’s directors’ and officers’ liability insurance on the same basis as it covers other senior executive officers and directors of the Company.
 
9.	MISCELLANEOUS	
9.1  Notices . All notices or communications hereunder shall be in writing, addressed as follows (or to such other address as either party may have furnished to the other in writing by like notice):
To the Company:     Impax Laboratories, Inc.
                          31047 Genstar Rd.
                          Hayward, CA 94544
                         Attn: Chairman, Compensation Committee
To the Executive, at the last address for the Executive on the books of the Company.
All such notices shall be conclusively deemed to be received and shall be effective (i) if sent by hand delivery, upon receipt, (ii) if sent by telecopy or facsimile transmission, upon confirmation of receipt by the sender of such transmission, (iii) if sent by overnight courier, one business day after being sent by overnight courier, or (iv) if sent by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, on the fifth day after the day on which such notice is mailed.
9.2  Severability . Each provision of this Agreement shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Agreement is held to be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision will be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provision or the remaining provisions of this Agreement.
9.3  Binding Effect; Benefits . Executive may not delegate his duties or assign his rights hereunder. No rights or obligations of the Company under this Agreement may be assigned or transferred by the Company other than pursuant to a merger or consolidation in which the Company is not the continuing entity, or a sale, liquidation or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, provided that the assignee or transferee is the successor to all or substantially all of the assets or businesses of the Company and assumes the liabilities, obligations and duties of the Company under this Agreement, either contractually or by operation of law. The Company further agrees that, in the event of any disposition of its business and assets described in the preceding sentence, it shall use its best efforts to cause such assignee or transferee expressly to assume the liabilities, obligations and duties of the Company hereunder. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term “ Company ” shall include the Company and, subject to the foregoing, any of its successors and assigns. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of, and be binding upon, the parties hereto and their respective heirs, legal representatives, successors and permitted assigns.
 
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9.4  Modification of Termination Benefits . In the event that RiskMetrics Group or a proxy advisory firm of similar stature recommends that stockholders do not vote in favor of the election of any of the Company’s Directors because of any provision of Sections 5 or 7 of this Agreement, the Executive shall, upon request of the Company, enter into an amendment of this Agreement modifying or eliminating such provision to the extent necessary to cause withdrawal of such recommendation.
9.5  Entire Agreement . This Agreement, including the Exhibits hereto, represent the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and shall supersede any and all previous contracts, arrangements, proposed terms, or understandings between the Company and the Executive. This Agreement (including any of the Exhibits hereto) may be amended at any time by mutual written agreement of the parties hereto. In the case of any conflict between any express term of this Agreement and any statement contained in any plan, program, arrangement, employment manual, memorandum or rule of general applicability of the Company, this Agreement shall control.
9.6  Withholding . The payment of any amount pursuant to this Agreement shall be subject to applicable withholding and payroll taxes, and such other deductions as may be required by applicable law.
9.7  Governing Law . This Agreement and the performance of the parties hereunder shall be governed by the internal laws (and not the law of conflicts) of the State of Delaware.
9.8  Arbitration . Any dispute or controversy, including but not limited to statutory discrimination claims and claims involving a class, arising under or in connection with this Agreement or the Executive’s employment with the Company, other than injunctive relief under Section 7.7 hereof, shall be settled exclusively by arbitration, conducted before a single arbitrator in San Francisco, California (applying Delaware law) in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules and Procedures of the American Arbitration Association then in effect. The decision of the arbitrator will be final and binding upon the parties hereto. Judgment may be entered on the arbitrator’s award in any court having jurisdiction. The parties acknowledge and agree that in connection with any such arbitration and regardless of outcome (a) each party shall pay all its own costs and expenses, including without limitation its own legal fees and expenses, and (b) joint expenses shall be borne equally among the parties. EACH PARTY WAIVES RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY.
9.9  Section 409A of the Code .
9.9.1 It is intended that the provisions of this Agreement comply with Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code and the regulations and guidance promulgated thereunder (collectively “ Code Section 409A ”), and all provisions of this Agreement shall be construed in a manner consistent with the requirements for avoiding taxes or penalties under Code Section 409A. If any provision of this Agreement (or of any award of compensation, including equity compensation or benefits) would cause the Executive to incur any additional tax or interest under Code Section 409A, the Company shall, upon the specific request of the Executive, use its reasonable business efforts to in good faith reform such provision to comply with Code Section 409A; provided, that to the maximum extent practicable, the original intent and economic benefit to the Executive and the Company of the applicable provision shall be maintained, but the Company shall have no obligation to make any changes that could create any additional economic cost or loss of benefit to the Company. The Company shall timely use its reasonable business efforts to amend any plan or program in which the Executive participates to bring it in compliance with Code Section 409A. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall have no liability with regard to any failure to comply with Code Section 409A so long as it has acted in good faith with regard to compliance therewith.
 
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9.9.2 A termination of employment shall not be deemed to have occurred for purposes of any provision of this Agreement providing for the payment of any amounts or benefits upon or following a termination of employment unless such termination is also a “ Separation from Service ” within the meaning of Code Section 409A and, for purposes of any such provision of this Agreement, references to a “ resignation, ” “ termination, ” “ termination of employment ” or like terms shall mean Separation from Service. If the Executive is deemed on the Date of Termination to be a “ specified employee ,” within the meaning of that term under Section (a)(2)(B) of Code Section 409A (“ Code Section 409(a)(2)(B) ”)and using the identification methodology selected by the Company from time to time, or if none, the default methodology, then with regard to any payment, the providing of any benefit or any distribution of equity made subject to this Section 9.9.2, to the extent required to be delayed in compliance with Code Section 409A(a)(2)(B), and any other payment, the provision of any other benefit or any other distribution of equity that is required to be delayed in compliance with Code Section 409A(a)(2)(B), such payment, benefit or distribution shall not be made or provided prior to the earlier of (i) the expiration of the six-month period measured from the date of the Executive’s Separation from Service or (ii) the date of the Executive’s death. On the first day of the seventh month following the date of Executive’s Separation from Service or, if earlier, on the date of his death, (x) all payments delayed pursuant to this Section 9.9.2 (whether they would have otherwise been payable in a single sum or in installments in the absence of such delay) shall be paid or reimbursed to the Executive in a lump sum, and any remaining payments and benefits due under this Agreement shall be paid or provided in accordance with the normal payment dates specified for them herein and (y) all distributions of equity delayed pursuant to this Section 9.9.2 shall be made to the Executive. In addition to the foregoing, to the extent required by Code Section 409A(a)(2)(B), prior to the occurrence of both a Disability termination as provided in Section 5.1.2 hereof and the Executive’s becoming “disabled” under Code Section 409A, the payment of any compensation to the Executive under this Agreement shall be suspended for a period of six months commencing at such time that the Executive shall be deemed to have had a Separation from Service because either (A) a sick leave ceases to be a bona fide sick leave of absence, or (B) the permitted time period for a sick leave of absence expires (an “ SFS Disability ”), without regard to whether such SFS Disability actually results in a Disability termination. Promptly following the expiration of such six-month period, all compensation suspended pursuant to the foregoing sentence (whether it would have otherwise been payable in a single sum or in installments in the absence of such suspension) shall be paid or reimbursed to the Executive in a lump sum. On any delayed payment date under this Section 9.9.2, there shall be paid to the Executive or, if the Executive has died, to his estate, in a single cash lump sum together with the payment of such delayed payment, interest on the aggregate amount of such delayed payment at the Delayed Payment Interest Rate (as defined below) computed from the date on which such delayed payment otherwise would have been made to the Executive until the date paid. For purposes of the foregoing, the “ Delayed Payment Interest Rate ” shall mean the short term Applicable Federal Rate as of the business day immediately preceding the payment date for the applicable delayed payment.
 
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9.9.3 With regard to any provision herein that provides for reimbursement of costs and expenses or in-kind benefits, except as permitted by Code Section 409A, (i) the right to reimbursement or in-kind benefits shall not be subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit, (ii) the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in-kind benefits, provided during any taxable year shall not affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement, or in-kind benefits to be provided, in any other taxable year, provided that the foregoing clause (ii) shall not be violated with regard to expenses reimbursed under any arrangement covered by Section 105(b) of the Internal Revenue Code and the regulations and guidance promulgated thereunder solely because such expenses are subject to a limit related to the period the arrangement is in effect and (iii) such payments shall be made on or before the last day of the Executive’s taxable year following the taxable year in which the expense was incurred.
9.10  Survival . Except as otherwise expressly set forth in this Agreement, upon the expiration of the Term, the respective rights and obligations of the parties shall survive such expiration to the extent necessary to carry out the intentions of the parties as embodied in this Agreement. This Agreement shall continue in effect until there are no further rights or obligations of the parties outstanding hereunder and shall not be terminated by either party without the express prior written consent of both parties.
9.11  Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in counterparts (including by electronic transmission) which, when taken together, shall constitute one and the same agreement of the parties.
9.12  Company Representations . The Company represents and warrants to the Executive that (i) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement (and the agreements referred to herein) by the Company has been fully and validly authorized by all necessary corporate action, (ii) the officer signing this Agreement on behalf of the Company is duly authorized to do so, (iii) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement does not violate any applicable law, regulation, order, judgment or decree or any agreement, plan or corporate governance document to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound and (iv) upon execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Executive and the Company, it shall be a valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except to the extent that enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally.
[Signature Page Follows]
 
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Agreement to be duly executed and the Executive has hereunto set his hand, as of the date first set forth above.

IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.	
		
By:	 	/s/ Larry Hsu	
Larry Hsu	
President and Chief Executive Officer	
	
/s/ Bryan M. Reasons	
Bryan M. Reasons	
 
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EXHIBIT A
Form of General Release and Waiver
This General Release and Waiver (this “ Release ”) is entered into effective as of                     , 20        , by                (the “ Executive ”) in favor of Impax Laboratories, Inc. (the “ Company ”).
1.  Confirmation of Termination . The Executive’s employment with the Company is terminated as of                     , 20            (the “ Termination Date ”). Except as set forth in the Employment Agreement (as defined below), the Executive acknowledges that the Termination Date is the termination date of his employment for purposes of participation in and coverage under all benefit plans and programs sponsored by or through the Company. The Executive acknowledges and agrees that the Company shall not have any obligation to rehire the Executive, nor shall the Company have any obligation to consider him for employment, after the Termination Date. The Executive agrees that he will not seek employment with the Company at any time in the future.
2.  Resignation . Effective as of the Termination Date, the Executive hereby resigns as an officer and director of the Company and any of its affiliates and from any such positions held with any other entities at the direction or request of the Company or any of its affiliates. The Executive agrees to promptly execute and deliver such other documents as the Company shall reasonably request to evidence such resignations. In addition, the Executive hereby agrees and acknowledges that the Termination Date shall be date of his termination from all other offices, positions, trusteeships, committee memberships and fiduciary capacities held with, or on behalf of, the Company or any of its affiliates.
3.  Termination Benefits . Upon the Executive’s execution and delivery of this Release and failure to revoke it within the time specified in Section 10 below, then, subject to Section 9 below, the Executive will be entitled to the payments and benefits (subject to taxes and all applicable withholding requirements) set forth under Section [5.4.2] [5.4.3] of the Employment Agreement effective as of December 12, 2012 between the Company and the Executive (the “ Employment Agreement ”) and the distribution with respect to the restricted stock and stock options set forth under Section [5.4.2] [5.4.3] [5.4.6] of the Employment Agreement (the “ Termination Benefits ”). Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Amounts and Benefits (as defined in the Employment Agreement) shall not be subject to the Executive’s execution of this Release. The Executive acknowledges and agrees that the Termination Benefits exceed any payment, benefit, or other thing of value to which the Executive might otherwise be entitled under any policy, plan or procedure of the Company and/or any agreement between the Executive and the Company, except as provided above.
 
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4.  General Release and Waiver . In consideration of the Termination Benefits, and for other good and valuable consideration, receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the Executive for himself and for his heirs, executors, administrators, trustees, legal representatives and assigns (collectively, the “ Releasors ”), hereby releases, remises, and acquits the Company and its affiliates and all of their respective past, present and future parent entities, subsidiaries, divisions, affiliates and related business entities, any of their successors and assigns, assets, employee benefit plans or funds, and any of their respective past and/or present directors, officers, fiduciaries, agents, trustees, administrators, managers, supervisors, shareholders, investors, employees, legal representatives, agents, counsel and assigns, whether acting on behalf of the Company or its affiliates or, in their individual capacities (collectively, the “ Releasees ” and each a “ Releasee ”) from any and all claims, known or unknown, which the Releasors have or may have against any Releasee arising on or prior to the date of this Release and any and all liability which any such Releasee may have to the Releasors, whether denominated claims, demands, causes of action, obligations, damages or liabilities arising from any and all bases, however denominated, including but not limited to (a) any claim under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 including the Older Workers Benefits Protection Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Civil Rights Act of 1991, Section 1981 of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, the Equal Pay Act, the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, (excluding claims for accrued, vested benefits under any employee benefit or pension plan of the Company, subject to the terms and conditions of such plan and applicable law), and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, all as amended; (b) any claim under the California Fair Employment and Housing Act and any other provision of the California Labor Law, all as amended, or any other similar state or local laws; (c) any claim under any other Federal, state, or local law and any workers’ compensation or disability claims under any such laws to the extent such claims are waivable; and (d) any claim for attorneys’ fees, costs, disbursements and/or the like. This Release includes, without limitation, any and all claims arising from or relating to the Executive’s employment relationship with Company and his service relationship as an officer or director of the Company or any of its affiliates, or as a result of the termination of such relationships. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Release, this Release is not intended to interfere with the Executive’s right to file a charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“ EEOC ”) in connection with any claim he believes he may have against any Releasee. However, by executing this Release, the Executive hereby waives the right to recover in any proceeding the Executive may bring before the EEOC or any state human rights commission or in any proceeding brought by the EEOC or any state human rights commission on the Executive’s behalf. This Release is for any relief, no matter how denominated, including, but not limited to, injunctive relief, wages, back pay, front pay, compensatory damages, punitive damages, and attorneys’ fees. This Release shall not apply to (i) the obligation of the Company to provide the Executive with the Amounts and Benefits and the Termination Benefits and any provision relating thereto under the Employment Agreement; (ii) the Executive’s rights to indemnification from the Company or rights to be covered under any applicable insurance policy with respect to any liability the Executive incurred or might incur as an employee, officer or director of the Company including, without limitation, the Executive’s rights under Section 8 of the Employment Agreement; or (iii) any right the Executive may have to obtain contribution as permitted by law in the event of entry of judgment against the Executive as a result of any act or failure to act for which the Executive, on the one hand, and Company or any other Releasee, on the other hand, are jointly liable.
The Executive waives and relinquishes all rights and benefits afforded by Section 1542 of the Civil Code of California, to the extent applicable, which provides as follows:
A GENERAL RELEASE DOES NOT EXTEND TO CLAIMS WHICH THE CREDITOR DOES NOT KNOW OR SUSPECT TO EXIST IN HIS OR HER FAVOR AT THE TIME OF EXECUTING THE RELEASE, WHICH IF KNOWN BY HIM OR HER MUST HAVE MATERIALLY AFFECTED HIS OR HER SETTLEMENT WITH THE DEBTOR.
 
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The	Executive hereby acknowledges that the foregoing waiver is an essential and material term of this Release.	
5.  Continuing Covenants . The Executive acknowledges and agrees that he remains subject to the provisions of Section 7 of the Employment Agreement which shall remain in full force and effect for the periods set forth therein.
6.  No Admission . This Release does not constitute an admission of liability or wrongdoing of any kind by the Company or any other Releasee. This Release is not intended, and shall not be construed, as an admission that any Releasee has violated any federal, state or local law (statutory or decisional), ordinance or regulation, breached any contract or committed any wrong whatsoever against any Releasor.
7.  Heirs and Assigns . The terms of this Release shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties named herein and their respective successors and permitted assigns.
8.  Miscellaneous . This Release will be construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware without regard to the principles of conflicts of law. If any provision of this Release is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be illegal, void or unenforceable, such provision shall have no effect; however, the remaining provisions will be enforced to the maximum extent possible. The parties acknowledge and agree that, except as otherwise set forth herein, this Release constitutes the complete understanding between the parties with regard to the matters set forth herein and, except as otherwise set forth herein, supersede any and all agreements, understandings, and discussions, whether written or oral, between the parties. No other promises or agreements are binding unless in writing and signed by each of the parties after the Release Effective Date (as defined below). Should any provision of this Release require interpretation or construction, it is agreed by the parties that the entity interpreting or constructing this Release shall not apply a presumption against one party by reason of the rule of construction that a document is to be construed more strictly against the party who prepared the document.
9.  Knowing and Voluntary Waiver . The Executive acknowledges that he: (a) has carefully read this Release in its entirety; (b) has had an opportunity to consider it for at least 21 days; (c) is hereby advised by the Company in writing to consult with an attorney of his choosing in connection with this Release; (d) fully understands the significance of all of the terms and conditions of this Release and has discussed them with his independent legal counsel, or had a reasonable opportunity to do so; (e) has had answered to his satisfaction any questions he has asked with regard to the meaning and significance of any of the provisions of this Release and has not relied on any statements or explanations made by any Releasee or their counsel; (f) understands that he has seven days in which to revoke this Release (as described in Section 10) after signing it and (g) is signing this Release voluntarily and of his own free will and agrees to abide by all the terms and conditions contained herein.
 
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10.  Effective Time of Release . The Executive may accept this Release by signing it and delivering it to the Company as provided in Section 9.1 of the Employment Agreement within 21 days of his receipt hereof. After executing this Release, the Executive will have seven days (the “ Revocation Period ”) to revoke this Release by indicating his desire to do so in writing delivered to the Company in accordance with Section 9.1 of the Employment Agreement by no later than 5:00 p.m. EST on the seventh day following the date on which he executes and delivers this Agreement. The effective date of this Agreement shall be the eighth day after the Executive executes and delivers this Agreement (the “ Release Effective Date ”). If the last day of the Revocation Period falls on a Saturday, Sunday or holiday, the last day of the Revocation Period will be deemed to be the next business day. If the Executive does not execute this Release or exercises his right to revoke hereunder, he shall forfeit his right to receive any of the Termination Benefits, and to the extent such Termination Benefits have already been provided, the Executive agrees that he will immediately reimburse the Company for the amounts of such payment.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Executive has duly executed this Release as of the date first set forth above.

EXECUTIVE:	

Name	
 
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Exhibit 10.12
AMENDMENT TO
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
THIS AMENDMENT TO EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (this “ Amendment ”) is made and entered into effective as of April 1, 2014 (the “ Effective Date ”), by and between Impax Laboratories, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), and Bryan M. Reasons (the “ Executive ”).
WHEREAS , the Company and the Executive are parties to that certain Employment Agreement between the Company and the Executive, dated as of December 12, 2012 (the “ Agreement ”), which sets forth the terms of the Executive’s employment with the Company;
WHEREAS , the Company and the Executive desire to amend the Agreement, as set forth herein.
NOW, THEREFORE , in consideration of the premises and the mutual covenants and conditions herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Executive hereby agree as follows, effective as of the Effective Date.
1. The second sentence of Section 1.1 of the Agreement is hereby deleted and replaced in its entirety with the following:
“This Agreement will automatically be renewed for single one-year periods unless written notice of non-renewal (a “ Non-Renewal Notice ”) is provided by either party at least ninety (90) days prior to the end of the Initial Term or the successive one-year period then in effect or unless earlier terminated as provided in this Agreement.”
2. The word “or” at the end of Section 5.1.3(vii) of the Agreement is hereby deleted.
3. The following sentence is hereby inserted as Section 5.1.3(viii) of the Agreement and the remaining subsection of Section 5.1.3 of the Agreement is hereby renumbered accordingly:
“(viii) the delivery to Executive by the Company of a Non-Renewal Notice; or”
4. Counterparts . This Amendment may be executed in one or more facsimile, electronic or original counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and both of which together shall constitute the same instrument.
5. Ratification . All terms and provisions of the Agreement not amended hereby, either expressly or by necessary implication, shall remain in full force and effect. The Agreement, as hereby amended, and any attachments thereto, constitute the entire agreement between the parties with respect to their subject matter and supersede all prior agreements, arrangements, dealings or writings between the parties and from and after the date of this Amendment, all references to the term “ Agreement ” in this Amendment or the original Agreement shall include the terms contained in this Amendment.
[Signature Page Follows]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF , this Amendment to Employment Agreement has been duly executed by or on behalf of the parties hereto as of the Effective Date.

EXECUTIVE	  		  	IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.	
				
/s/ Bryan M. Reasons
Name: Bryan M. Reasons	  		  	By:	  	/s/ Allen Chao, Ph.D.
Name: Allen Chao, Ph.D.
Title: Board Director	

Exhibit 10.13
THE IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.
EXECUTIVE NON-QUALIFIED DEFERRED COMPENSATION
PLAN
Effective as of January 1, 2008
Amended and Restated as of December 31, 2007

IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.
EXECUTIVE NON-QUALIFIED DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN
ARTICLE I — PURPOSE; EFFECTIVE DATE
 
1.1.	Purpose . The purpose of this Executive Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan (hereinafter, the “Plan”) is to permit a select group of highly compensated employees of IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC. (and its selected subsidiaries and/or affiliates) to defer the receipt of income which would otherwise become payable to them. This Plan is intended to serve as an amendment to and restatement of the existing I MPAX L ABORATORIES , I NC . Executive Non-qualifiedDeferred Compensation Plan (hereinafter, the “Existing Plan”), applicable to certain individuals connected with the company, and the interests of any participant in the Existing Plan will become one hundred percent vested and subject to the terms and conditions of this Plan as of the effective date. It is intended that this Plan, by providing these eligible individuals an opportunity to defer the receipt of income, will assist in retaining and attracting individuals of exceptional ability.	
 
1.2.	Plan Type . For purposes of §409A, the portion of the amounts deferred by the Participants and benefits attributable thereto, shall be considered an elective account balance plan as defined in Treas. Reg. §1.409A -1(c)(2)(i)(A), or as otherwise provided by the Code; the portion of the amounts deferred as matching or employer contributions and benefits attributable thereto, shall be considered an nonelective account balance plan as defined in Treas. Reg. §1.409A -1(c)(2)(i)(B), or as otherwise provided by the Code.	
 
1.3.	Effective Date . The amended and restated Plan shall be initially effective as of January 1, 2008. It is the intent that all of the amounts deferred and benefits provided under this Plan will be subject to the terms of Section 409A of the Code, and that the Plan has been operated in good faith compliance with Section 409A of the Code and all applicable guidance as of January 1, 2005.	
ARTICLE II — DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Plan, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
 
2.1.	Account(s) . “Account(s)” means the account or accounts maintained on the books of the Company used solely to calculate the amount payable to each Participant under this Plan and shall not constitute a separate fund of assets. Account(s) shall be deemed to exist from the time amounts are first credited to such Account(s) until such time that the entire Account Balance has been distributed in accordance with this Plan. The Accounts available for each Participant shall be identified as:	
 
 	a)	Company Match Account;	
 
 	b)	Retirement Account; and,	

 	c)	In-Service Account; each Participant may maintain up to two (2) In-Service Accounts based on selecting different times and/or form of payments as selected under Article 5, below.	
 
2.2.	Beneficiary . “Beneficiary” means the person, persons or entity as designated by the Participant, entitled under Article VI to receive any Plan benefits payable after the Participant’s death.	
 
2.3.	Board . “Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company.	
 
2.4.	Change in Control . A “Change in Control” shall mean a change in the ownership or effective control of the Company, or in the ownership of a substantial portion of the assets of the Company, as defined and determined under Section 409A(a)(2)(A)(v) of the Code (or its successor provisions), Treasury Notice 2005-1 and any further guidance published with respect to such term. Without in any way limiting the scope of the preceding sentence, a Change of Control shall be deemed to occur on the date upon which one of the following events occurs:	
 
 	a)	any one person (as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d)(2) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or more than one person acting as a group (as determined under Treasury regulations), acquires ownership of stock of the Company that, together with stock held by such person or group, constitutes more than 50% of either the total fair market value or total voting power of the stock of the Company (except that the acquisition of additional control of the Company by the same person or persons during such 12-month period is not considered to cause a change in control of the Company); or	
 
 	b)	any one person (as such term is used in the Exchange Act), or more than one person acting as a group (as determined under Treasury regulations), acquires (or has acquired during the 12-month period ending on the date of the most recent acquisition by such person or persons) ownership of stock of the Company possessing 35% or more of the total voting power of the Company (except that the acquisition of additional control of the Company by the same person or persons during such 12-month period is not considered to cause a change in control of the Company); or	
 
 	c)	a majority of members of the Board is replaced during any 12-month period by directors whose appointment or election is not recommended by a majority of the members of the Board prior to the date of the appointment or election; or	
 
 	d)	any one person (as such term is used in the Exchange Act), or more than one person acting as a group (as determined under Treasury regulations), acquires (or has acquired during the 12-month period ending on the date of the most recent acquisition by such person or persons) assets from the Company that have a total gross fair market value equal to or more than 40% of the total gross fair market value of all of the assets of the Company immediately prior to such acquisition or acquisitions.	

2.5.	Committee . “Committee” means the Committee appointed by the Board to administer the Plan pursuant to Article VII.	
 
2.6.	Company . “Company” I MPAX L ABORATORIES , I NC , a Delaware corporation, and any directly or indirectly affiliated subsidiary corporations, any other affiliate designated by the Board, or any successor to the business thereof.	
 
2.7.	Compensation . “Compensation” means the base salary payable to and bonus or incentive compensation (including commissions) earned by a Participant with respect to employment services performed for the Company by the Participant and considered to be “wages” for purposes of federal income tax withholding. For purposes of this Plan only, Compensation shall be calculated before reduction for any amounts deferred by the Participant pursuant to the Company’s tax qualified plans which may be maintained under Section 401(k) or Section 125 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the “Code”), or pursuant to this Plan or any other non-qualified plan which permits the voluntary deferral of compensation. Inclusion of any other forms of compensation is subject to Committee Approval.	
 
2.8.	Deferral Commitment . “Deferral Commitment” means a commitment made by a Participant to defer a portion of Compensation as set forth in Article III, and as permitted by the Committee in its sole discretion. The Deferral Commitment shall apply to each payment of Compensation payable to a Participant, and the Committee is empowered to group the various types of Compensation together for purposes of effecting the election to defer. By way of example: the Committee may apply the election to defer “salary” to salary, commissions, and any other regularly occurring form of compensation; or the Committee may apply the election to defer “bonus” to annual bonuses, short-term bonus, long term bonus arrangements and other forms of incentive based compensation. The Deferral Commitment shall specify the Account or Accounts to which the Compensation deferred shall be credited. With respect to the deferral of salary, such designation shall be made in the form of a whole percentage; with respect to a deferral of bonus or incentive compensation, such designation shall be in the form of a whole percentage, a whole percentage in excess of a stated dollar amount or an exact stated dollar amount. Such Deferral Commitment shall be made in a form and at a time deemed acceptable to the Committee. A Deferral Commitment with respect to any bonus or incentive compensation which is based on services performed over a period of at least twelve (12) months shall be made as provided by the Committee, but no later than six (6) months prior to the end of such performance period.	
 
2.9.	Deferral Period .“Deferral Period” means each calendar year, except that if a Participant first becomes eligible after the beginning of a calendar year, the initial Deferral Period shall be the date the Participant first becomes eligible to participate in this Plan through and including December 31 st of that calendar year.	
 
2.10.	Determination Date . “Determination Date” means each business day.	
 
2.11.	Disability . “Disability means a physical or mental condition whereby the Participant: (i) is unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve (12) months, or (ii) is, by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve (12) months, receiving income replacement benefits for a period of not less than three (3) months under an accident and health plan covering employees of the participant’s employer.	

2.12.	Distribution Election . “Distribution Election” means the form prescribed by the Committee and completed by the Participant, indicating the chosen form of payment for benefits payable from each Account under this Plan, as elected by the Participant.	
 
2.13.	Discretionary Contribution . “Discretionary Contribution” means the Company contribution credited to a Participant’s Account(s) under Section 4.5, below.	
 
2.14.	Financial Hardship . “Financial Hardship” means a severe financial hardship to the Participant resulting from an illness or accident of the Participant, the Participant’s spouse, or a dependent (as defined in Section 152(a) of the Code) of the Participant, loss of the Participant’s property due to casualty, or other similar extraordinary and unforeseeable circumstances arising as a result of events beyond the control of the participant.	
 
2.15.	401(k) Plan . “401(k) Plan” means the “Impax Laboratories, Inc. 401(k) Plan”, or any other successor defined contribution plan maintained by the Company that qualifies under Section 401(a) of the Code and satisfies the requirements of Section 401(k) of the Code.	
 
2.16.	Interest . “Interest” means the amount credited to or charged against a Participant’s Account(s) on each Determination Date, which shall be based on the Valuation Funds chosen by the Participant as provided in Section 2.23, below and in a manner consistent with Section 4.3, below. Such credits or charges to a Participant’s Account may be either positive or negative to reflect the increase or decrease in value of the Account in accordance with the provisions of this Plan.	
 
2.17.	Matching Contribution . “Matching Contribution” means the Company contribution credited to a Participant’s Account(s) under Section 4.4, below, as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion.	
 
2.18.	Participant . “Participant” means any individual who is eligible, pursuant to Section 3.1, below, to participate in this Plan, and who either, has elected to defer Compensation under this Plan in accordance with Article III, below, or who is determined by the Committee in their sole discretion as being eligible to receive a Discretionary Contribution, or who had an account maintained under the Existing Plan, which will now become subject to the terms and conditions of this Plan. Such individual shall remain a Participant in this Plan for the period of deferral, or credit, and until such time as all benefits payable under this Plan have been paid in accordance with the provisions hereof.	
 
2.19.	Performance Based Compensation . “Performance-Based Compensation” means any bonus or incentive compensation which is based on services performed over a period of at least twelve (12) months shall be made as provided by the Committee, and otherwise meets the definition of such under Treas. Regs. §1-409A-1(e) and other applicable guidance.	
 
2.20.	Plan . “Plan” means this Executive Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan as amended from time to time.	

2.21.	Retirement . “Retirement” means the termination of a Participant’s employment with the Company, for reasons other than death or Disability, on or after the attainment of age fifty-five (55) with at least five (5) Years of Service with the Company.	
 
2.22.	Termination . “Termination”, “terminates employment” or any other similar such phrase means the a Participant’s “separation from service” with the Company, for any reason, within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code, and Treas Reg. §1.409A-1(h) and other applicable guidance.	
 
2.23.	Valuation Funds . “Valuation Funds” means one or more of the independently established funds or indices that are identified and listed by the Committee. These Valuation Funds are used solely to calculate the Interest that is credited to each Participant’s Account(s) in accordance with Article IV, below, and does not represent, nor should it be interpreted to convey any beneficial interest on the part of the Participant in any asset or other property of the Company. The determination of the increase or decrease in the performance of each Valuation Fund shall be made by the Committee in its reasonable discretion. The Committee shall select the various Valuation Funds available to the Participants with respect to this Plan and shall set forth a list of these Valuation Funds attached hereto as Exhibit A, which may be amended from time to time in the discretion of the Committee.	
 
2.24.	Years of Service . “Years of Service” shall have the meaning provided for such term for purposes of vesting under the 401(k) Plan, whether or not the Participant is a participant in such plan.	
ARTICLE III — ELIGIBILITY AND PARTICIPATION
 
3.1.	Eligibility and Participation .	
 
 	a)	Eligibility . Eligibility to participate in the Plan shall be limited to those select key employees of Company who are designated by the Committee from time to time, and approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board.	
 
 	b)	Participation . An individual’s participation in the Plan shall be effective upon notification to the individual by the Committee of eligibility to participate, and the earlier of a contribution under this Plan being made on behalf of the Participant by the Company or the completion and submission of a Deferral Commitment, a Distribution Election, an Allocation Form, and a Distribution Election to the Committee no later than fifteen (15) days prior to the beginning of the Deferral Period, or as otherwise permitted by the Committee.	
 
 	c)	First-Year Participation . When an individual first becomes eligible to participate in this Plan during a Deferral Period, and is not a Participant in another plan sponsored by the Company which is considered to be of a similar type as defined in Treas. Reg. §1.409A -1(c)(2)(i)(A) or (B), or as otherwise provided by the Code, a Deferral Commitment may be submitted to the Committee within thirty (30) days of the individual becoming eligible to participate. Such Deferral Commitment will be effective only with regard to Compensation earned and payable following submission of the Deferral Commitment to the Committee.	

3.2.	Form of Deferral Commitment . A Participant may elect to make a Deferral Commitment no later than fifteen (15) days prior to the beginning of the Deferral Period, or at such other time as permitted by the Committee, and in the form permitted by the Committee. The Deferral Commitment shall specify the following:	
 
 	a)	Timing of Deferral Election . With respect to the deferral of salary, the Participant shall make an election to defer Compensation by filing a Deferral Commitment with the Committee, and such election shall become irrevocable no later than the last day of the calendar year prior to the Deferral Period, except as provided in Section 3.1(c), above; with respect to the Deferral of Performance Based Compensation, the Participant shall make an election to defer Compensation by filing a Deferral Commitment with the Committee, and such election shall become irrevocable no later than six (6) months prior to the end of such performance period to which the compensation relates, except as provided in Section 3.1(c), above.	
 
 	b)	Deferral Amounts; Accounts . A Deferral Commitment shall be made with respect to each payment and/or type of Compensation payable by the Company to a Participant during the Deferral Period, and shall designate the portion of each deferral that shall be allocated among the various Retirement or In-Service Accounts. In addition, no amounts shall be deferred into an In-Service Account during a Deferral Period when amounts are scheduled to be made from such Account and until such time as that entire Account Balance has been completely distributed. The Participant shall set forth the amount to be deferred in the manner provided by the Committee.	
 
 	c)	Allocation to Valuation Funds . The Participant shall specify in a separate form (known as the “Allocation Form”) filed with the Committee, the Participant’s initial allocation of the amounts deferred into each Account among the various available Valuation Funds.	
 
 	d)	Maximum Deferral . The maximum amount of salary that may be deferred shall be seventy-five percent (75%); the maximum amount of bonus or incentive compensation that may be deferred shall be one hundred percent (100%).	
 
3.3.	Period of Commitment . Any Deferral Commitment made by a Participant with respect to Compensation shall remain in effect for the next succeeding Deferral Period, and shall remain in effect for all future Deferral Periods unless revoked or amended in writing by the Participant and delivered to the Committee no later than fifteen (15) days prior to the beginning of a subsequent Deferral Period, except that if a Participant suffers a Disability or terminates employment with Company prior to the end of the Deferral Period, the Deferral Period shall end as of the date of Disability or termination.	
 
3.4.	Modification of Deferral Commitment . Except as provided in Sections 3.3, above, and 5.5 and 5.6 below, a Deferral Commitment shall be irrevocable by the Participant during a Deferral Period.	

3.5.	Change in Status . If the Committee determines that a Participant’s employment performance is no longer at a level that warrants reward through participation in this Plan, but does not terminate the Participant’s employment with Company, the Participant’s existing Deferral Commitment shall terminate at the end of the Deferral Period, and no new Deferral Commitment may be made by such Participant after notice of such determination is given by the Committee, unless the Participant later satisfies the requirements of Section 3.1. If the Committee, in its sole discretion, determines that the Participant no longer qualifies as a member of a select group of management or highly compensated employees, as determined in accordance with the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, the Committee may, in its sole discretion terminate any Deferral Commitment for that year, and prohibit the Participant from making any future Deferral Commitments.	
 
3.6.	Defaults in Event of Incomplete or Inaccurate Deferral Commitments . In the event that a Participant submits a Deferral Commitment, Allocation Form or Distribution Election to the Committee that contains information necessary to the efficient operation of this Plan which, in the sole discretion of the Committee, is missing, incomplete or inaccurate, the Committee shall be authorized to treat such form as if the following elections had been made by the Participant, and such information shall be communicated to the Participant:	
 
 	a)	If no Account is listed — treat as if the Retirement Account was elected;	
 
 	b)	If Accounts listed equal less than 100% — treat as if the balance was deferred into Retirement Account;	
 
 	c)	If Accounts listed equal more than 100% — proportionately reduce each Account to equal 100%;	
 
 	d)	If In-Service Account is listed, but no deferrals can be made into that Account due to the fact that benefits are scheduled to be paid or are being paid from that In-Service Account, then the amounts elected to be deferred shall be credited to another In-Service Account, if such other In-Service Account is available for deferral, and if not, then to the Retirement Account during such period of payment, after which time the balance of the amounts elected to be deferred shall be credited to a subsequent In-Service Account with a distribution date as elected or as provided in sub- section (i), below;	
 
 	e)	If no Valuation Fund is selected — treat as if the Money Market Fund was elected;	
 
 	f)	If Valuation Fund(s) selected equal less than 100% — treat as if the Money Market Fund was elected for remaining balance;	
 
 	g)	If Valuation Fund(s) selected equal more than 100% — proportionately reduce each Valuation Fund to equal 100%;	
 
 	h)	If no Distribution Election is chosen -treat as if lump sum was elected for In-Service Account and treat as if three (3) year was elected for Retirement Account; and,	
 
 	i)	If no time of payment is chosen for In-Service Account -treat as if the earliest possible date available under the provisions of Section 5.2, below was elected.	

ARTICLE IV — DEFERRED COMPENSATION ACCOUNT
 
4.1.	Accounts . The Compensation deferred by a Participant under the Plan, any Matching or Discretionary Contributions and Interest shall be credited to the Participant’s Account(s) as selected by the Participant, or as otherwise provided in this Article. Separate accounts may be maintained on the books of the Company to reflect the different Accounts chosen by the Participant, and the Participant shall designate the portion of each deferral that will be credited to each Account as set forth in Section 3.2(b), above. These Accounts shall be used solely to calculate the amount payable to each Participant under this Plan and shall not constitute a separate fund of assets.	
 
4.2.	Timing of Credits; Withholding . A Participant’s deferred Compensation shall be credited to each Account designated by the Participant as soon as practical after the date the Compensation deferred would have otherwise been payable to the Participant. Any Matching and Discretionary Contributions shall be credited to the appropriate Account(s) as provided by the Committee. Any withholding of taxes or other amounts with respect to deferred Compensation or other amounts credited under this Plan that is required by local, state or federal law shall be withheld from the Participant’s corresponding non-deferred portion of the Compensation to the maximum extent possible, and any remaining amount shall reduce the amount credited to the Participant’s Account in a manner specified by the Committee.	
 
4.3.	Valuation Funds . A Participant shall designate, at a time and in a manner acceptable to the Committee, one or more Valuation Funds for each Account for the sole purpose of determining the amount of Interest to be credited or debited to such Account. Such election shall designate the portion of each deferral of Compensation made into each Account that shall be allocated among the available Valuation Fund(s), and such election shall apply to each succeeding deferral of Compensation until such time as the Participant shall file a new election with the Committee. Upon notice to the Committee, Participants shall also be permitted to reallocate the balance in each Valuation Fund among the other available Valuation Funds as determined by the Committee. The manner in which such elections shall be made and the frequency with which such elections may be changed and the manner in which such elections shall become effective shall be determined in accordance with the procedures to be adopted by the Committee or its delegates from time to time. As of the Effective Date, such elections may be made on a daily basis electronically, and such elections shall become effective on the date made or the next available Determination Date.	
 
4.4.	Matching Contributions . Company shall make a Matching Contribution to the Company Match Account of any Participant designated by the Committee, equal to fifty percent (50%) times the Participant’s Compensation elected to be deferred under this Plan up to a maximum of ten percent (10%) of Compensation. The Matching Contribution shall be credited to the Company Match Account as soon as practical after the end of the Deferral Period, but in no event later than 90 days after the close of such year.	
 
4.5.	Discretionary Contributions . In its sole discretion, Company may make Discretionary Contributions to a Participant’s Account. Discretionary Contributions shall be credited at such times and in such amounts as recommended by the Committee and approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board, or the Board in its sole discretion. Unless the Committee specifies otherwise, such Discretionary Contribution shall be allocated to the Retirement Account.	

4.6.	Determination of Accounts . Each Participant’s Account as of each Determination Date shall consist of the balance of the Account as of the immediately preceding Determination Date, adjusted as follows:	
 
 	a)	New Deferrals . Each Account shall be increased by any deferred Compensation credited since such prior Determination Date in the proportion chosen by the Participant, except that no amount of new deferrals shall be credited to an Account at the same time that a distribution is to be made from that Account.	
 
 	b)	Company Contributions . Each Account shall be increased by any Discretionary and/or Matching Contributions credited since such prior Determination as set forth above in sections 4.4, and 4.5 or as otherwise directed by the Committee.	
 
 	c)	Distributions . Each Account shall be reduced by the amount of each benefit payment made from that Account since the prior Determination Date. Distributions shall be deemed to have been made proportionally from each of the Valuation Funds maintained within such Account based on the proportion that such Valuation Fund bears to the sum of all Valuation Funds maintained within such Account for that Participant as of the Determination Date immediately preceding the date of payment.	
 
 	d)	Interest . Each Account shall be increased or decreased by the Interest credited to such Account since such Determination Date as though the balance of that Account as of the beginning of the current month had been invested in the applicable Valuation Funds chosen by the Participant.	
 
4.7.	Vesting of Accounts . Each Participant shall be vested in the amounts credited to such Participant’s Account and Interest thereon as follows:	
 
 	a)	Amounts Deferred . A Participant shall be one hundred percent (100%) vested at all times in the amount of Compensation elected to be deferred under this Plan, including any Interest thereon.	
 
 	b)	Matching Contributions . A Participant shall become vested in the amount of Matching Contributions credited under this Plan, including any Interest thereon according to the following schedule:	

Years of Service	  	Vesting Percentage	 	
Less than 1	  	 	0	% 	
1 but less than 2	  	 	20	% 	
2 but less than 3	  	 	40	% 	
3 but less than 4	  	 	60	% 	
4 but less than 5	  	 	80	% 	
5 or more	  	 	100	% 	
 
 	c)	Discretionary Contributions . A Participant’s Discretionary Contributions and Interest thereon shall become vested as determined by the Committee.	

 	d)	Death, Disability, Termination of Plan, or Change in Control . Notwithstanding anything else to the contrary, a Participant’s Accounts shall become one hundred percent (100%) vested upon death, Disability, Termination of this Plan (as provided in Article IX, below) or a Change in Control.	
 
4.8.	Statement of Accounts . To the extent that the Company does not arrange for Account balances to be accessible online by the Participant, the Committee shall provide to each Participant a statement showing the balances in the Participant’s Account no less frequently than annually.	
ARTICLE V — PLAN BENEFITS
 
5.1.	Company Match Account . The vested portion of a Participant’s Company Match Account shall be distributed to the Participant upon the termination of employment with the Company.	
 
 	a)	Timing of Payment. Benefits payable from the Company Match Account shall commence as soon as practical after the date of the Participant’s Termination, but in no event earlier than six (6) months following the Participant’s Termination.	
 
 	b)	Form of Payment. The form of benefit payment shall be that form applicable to the Retirement Account, selected by the Participant in accordance with the provisions of section 5.2, below. If the Form of Payment selected provides for subsequent payments, subsequent payments shall be made on or about the anniversary of the initial payment.	
 
5.2.	Retirement Account . The vested portion of a Participant’s Retirement Account shall be distributed to the Participant upon the termination of employment with the Company.	
 
 	a)	Timing of Payment. Benefits payable from the Retirement Account shall commence as soon as practical after the date of the Participant’s Termination, but in no event earlier than six (6) months following the Participant’s Termination.	
 
 	b)	Form of Payment. The form of benefit payment shall be that form selected by the Participant in the first Deferral Commitment which designated a portion of the Compensation deferred be allocated to the Retirement Account, and as permitted pursuant to Section 5.7 below, except that if the Participant terminates employment prior to Retirement, in which event, the Retirement Account shall be paid in the form of a lump sum payment. If the Form of Payment selected provides for subsequent payments, subsequent payments shall be made on or about the anniversary of the initial payment.	
 
 	c)	Special Adjustments . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, Participants who participated in this Plan prior to December 31, 2007 and for whom an Account had been maintained, the following rules shall apply with respect to the time and form of payment:	
 
 	i)	Terminated — Those Participants who have terminated or do in fact terminate prior to December 31, 2007, shall have their Accounts paid out at the time and in the form previously selected under the terms of the Plan prior to Restatement;	
 
 	ii)	Active — Those Participants who remain employed by the Company after December 31, 2007 shall file a Distribution Election which changes the time and form of payment for the Account; such changes shall be reflected by the establishment of various Accounts as provided for and limited by the terms of this Plan. In the event the Participant does not submit such a form by December 31, 2007, the Employer shall be deemed to have submitted such a form indicating the amounts being established in the Retirement Account and providing for a three (3) year payout. Such Distribution Election, submitted by the Participant or deemed by the Employer, shall become irrevocable, except as herein provided, on December 31, 2007.	

5.3.	In-Service Account . The vested portion of a Participant’s In-Service Account shall generally be distributed to the Participant upon the date chosen by the Participant.	
 
 	a)	Timing of Payment . Benefits payable from the In-Service Account shall commence on or about April 15 th of the year specified in the first Deferral Commitment which designated a portion of the Compensation deferred be allocated to the In-Service Account. In no event shall the date selected be earlier than the first day of the sixth calendar year following the initial filing of the Deferral Commitment with respect to that In-Service Account. In the event that the Participant terminates employment with the Company prior to the date so specified, the benefits under this section shall commence as soon as administratively practical after termination of employment, but no later earlier than six (6) months following the Participant’s Termination.	
 
 	b)	Form of Payment . The form of benefit payment from the In-Service Account shall be that form selected by the Participant pursuant to Section 5.7, below, except that if the Participant terminates employment with the Company prior to the date so specified, then the In-Service Account shall be paid in the form of a lump sum payment. If the Form of Payment selected provides for subsequent payments, subsequent payments shall be made on or about the anniversary of the initial payment.	
 
 	c)	Change of Time and/or Form of Payment . The Participant may, subsequently amend the form of payment or the intended date of payment to a date later than that date initially chosen, by filing such amendment with the Committee no later that twelve (12) months prior to the current date of payment. The Participant may file this amendment, provided that each amendment must provide for a payout as otherwise permitted under this paragraph at a date no earlier than five (5) years after the date of payment in force immediately prior to the filing of such request, and the amendment may not take effect for twelve (12) months after the request is made.	
 
5.4.	Death Benefit . Upon the death of a Participant prior to the commencement of benefits under this Plan from any particular Account, Company shall pay to the Participant’s Beneficiary an amount equal to the vested Account balance in that Account in the form of a lump sum payment as soon as administratively possible. In the event of the death of the Participant after the commencement of benefits under this Plan from any Account, the benefits from that Account(s) shall be paid to the Participant’s designated Beneficiary from that Account at the same time and in the same manner as if the Participant had survived.	

5.5.	Hardship Distributions . Upon a finding that a Participant has suffered a Financial Hardship, the Committee may, in its sole discretion, terminate the existing Deferral Commitment, and/or make distributions from any or all of the Participant’s Accounts. The amount of such distribution shall be limited to the amount reasonably necessary to meet the Participant’s needs resulting from the Financial Hardship plus amounts necessary to pay taxes reasonably anticipated as a result of the distribution, after taking into account the extent to which such Financial Hardship is or may be relieved through the reimbursement or compensation by insurance, or otherwise or by liquidation of the Participant’s assets (to the extent that liquidation of such assets would not itself cause severe financial hardship). The amount of such distribution will not exceed the Participant’s vested Account balances. If payment is made due to Financial Hardship, the Participant’s deferrals under this Plan shall cease for the period of the Financial Hardship and for twelve (12) months thereafter. If the Participant is again eligible to participate, any resumption of the Participant’s deferrals under the Plan after such twelve (12) month period shall be made only at the election of the Participant in accordance with Article III herein.	
 
5.6.	Disability Distributions . Upon a finding that a Participant has suffered a Disability, the Committee shall make a distribution of all of the Participant’s Accounts. The amount of such distribution shall be made in the form selected by the Participant applicable to the distribution of the Retirement Account under Section 5.1, above, and shall commence as soon as administratively practical after the determination of such Disability.	
 
5.7.	Form of Payment . Unless otherwise specified in this Article, the benefits payable from any Account under this Plan shall be paid in the form of benefit as provided below, and specified by the Participant in the Distribution Election applicable to that Account at the time of the initial deferral or credit to that Account. The permitted forms of benefit payments are:	
 
 	a)	A lump sum amount which is equal to the vested Account balance; and	
 
 	b)	Annual installments for a period of up to fifteen (15) years (or in the event of payment of the In-Service Account, a maximum of five (5) years) where the annual payment shall be equal to the balance of the Account immediately prior to the payment, multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is one (1) and the denominator of which commences at the number of annual payment initially chosen and is reduced by one (1) in each succeeding year. Interest on the unpaid balance shall be based on the most recent allocation among the available Valuation Funds chosen by the Participant, made in accordance with Section 4.3, above.	
 
5.8.	Small Account . If the Participant’s vested, unpaid Retirement Account balance as of the time the payments are to commence from the Retirement Account is less than $50,000, the remaining unpaid, vested Retirement Account shall be paid in a lump sum, notwithstanding any election by the Participant to the contrary; and, if the Participant’s vested, unpaid In-Service Account balance as of the time the payments are to commence from such In-Service Account is less than $25,000, the remaining unpaid, vested In-Service Account shall be paid in a lump sum, notwithstanding any election by the Participant to the contrary.	
 
5.9.	Withholding; Payroll Taxes . Company shall withhold from any payment made pursuant to this Plan any taxes required to be withheld from such payments under local, state or federal law. A Beneficiary, however, may elect not to have withholding of federal income tax pursuant to Section 3405(a)(2) of the Code, or any successor provision thereto.	

5.10.	Payments in Connection with a Domestic Relations Order . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, the Company may make distributions to someone other than the Participant if such payment is necessary to comply with a domestic relations order, as defined in §414(p)(1)(B), involving the Participant. Where the domestic relations order permits discretion on the part of the non-Participant spouse and such discretion has not been exercised, the Company shall distribute to the non-Participant spouse the amounts subject to the order as soon as practical.	
 
5.11.	Payment to Guardian . If a Plan benefit is payable to a minor or a person declared incompetent or to a person incapable of handling the disposition of the property, the Committee may direct payment to the guardian, legal representative or person having the care and custody of such minor, incompetent or person. The Committee may require proof of incompetency, minority, incapacity or guardianship as it may deem appropriate prior to distribution. Such distribution shall completely discharge the Committee and Company from all liability with respect to such benefit.	
 
5.12.	Effect of Payment . The full payment of the applicable benefit under this Article V shall completely discharge all obligations on the part of the Company to the Participant (and the Participant’s Beneficiary) with respect to the operation of this Plan, and the Participant’s (and Participant’s Beneficiary’s) rights under this Plan shall terminate.	
ARTICLE VI — BENEFICIARY DESIGNATION
 
6.1.	Beneficiary Designation . Each Participant shall have the right, at any time, to designate one (1) or more persons or entity as Beneficiary (both primary as well as secondary) to whom benefits under this Plan shall be paid in the event of Participant’s death prior to complete distribution of the Participant’s vested Account balance. Each Beneficiary designation shall be in a written form prescribed by the Committee and shall be effective only when filed with the Committee during the Participant’s lifetime.	
 
6.2.	Changing Beneficiary . Any Beneficiary designation may be changed by a Participant without the consent of the previously named Beneficiary by the filing of a new Beneficiary designation with the Committee.	
 
6.3.	No Beneficiary Designation . If any Participant fails to designate a Beneficiary in the manner provided above, if the designation is void, or if the Beneficiary designated by a deceased Participant dies before the Participant or before complete distribution of the Participant’s benefits, the Participant’s Beneficiary shall be the person in the first of the following classes in which there is a survivor:	
 
 	a)	The Participant’s surviving spouse;	
 
 	b)	The Participant’s children in equal shares, except that if any of the children predeceases the Participant but leaves surviving issue, then such issue shall take by right of representation the share the deceased child would have taken if living;	
 
 	c)	The Participant’s estate.	

6.4.	Effect of Payment . Payment to the Beneficiary shall completely discharge the Company’s obligations under this Plan.	
ARTICLE VII — ADMINISTRATION
 
7.1.	Committee; Duties . This Plan shall be administered by the Committee, which shall consist of those individuals named by the Board, except in the event of a Change in Control as provided in Section 7.5 below. The Committee shall have the authority to make, amend, interpret and enforce all appropriate rules and regulations for the administration of the Plan and decide or resolve any and all questions, including interpretations of the Plan, as they may arise in such administration. A majority vote of the Committee members shall control any decision. Members of the Committee may be Participants under this Plan.	
 
7.2.	Agents . The Committee may, from time to time, employ agents and delegate to them such administrative duties as it sees fit, and may from time to time consult with counsel who may be counsel to the Company.	
 
7.3.	Binding Effect of Decisions . The decision or action of the Committee with respect to any question arising out of or in connection with the administration, interpretation and application of the Plan and the rules and regulations promulgated hereunder shall be final, conclusive and binding upon all persons having any interest in the Plan.	
 
7.4.	Indemnity of Committee . The Company shall indemnify and hold harmless the members of the Committee against any and all claims, loss, damage, expense or liability arising from any action or failure to act with respect to this Plan on account of such member’s service on the Committee, except in the case of gross negligence or willful misconduct.	
 
7.5.	Election of Committee After Change in Control . After a Change in Control, vacancies on the Committee shall be filled by majority vote of the remaining Committee members and Committee members may be removed only by such a vote. If no Committee members remain, a new Committee shall be elected by majority vote of the Participants in the Plan immediately preceding such Change in Control. After a Change in Control, no amendment shall be made to Article VII or other Plan provisions regarding Committee authority with respect to the Plan without prior approval by the Committee.	

ARTICLE VIII — CLAIMS PROCEDURE
 
8.1.	Claim . Any person or entity claiming a benefit, requesting an interpretation or ruling under the Plan (hereinafter referred to as “Claimant”), or requesting information under the Plan shall present the request in writing to the Committee, which shall respond in writing as soon as practical, but in no event later than ninety (90) days after receiving the initial claim (or no later than forty-five (45) days after receiving the initial claim regarding a Disability under this Plan).	
 
8.2.	Denial of Claim . If the claim or request is denied, the written notice of denial shall state:	
 
 	a)	The reasons for denial, with specific reference to the Plan provisions on which the denial is based;	
 
 	b)	A description of any additional material or information required and an explanation of why it is necessary, in which event the time frames listed in section 8.1 shall be one hundred and eighty (180) and seventy-five (75) days from the date of the initial claim respectively; and	
 
 	c)	An explanation of the Plan’s claim review procedure.	
 
8.3.	Review of Claim . Any Claimant whose claim or request is denied or who has not received a response within sixty (60) days (or one hundred and eighty (180) days in the event of a claim regarding a Disability) may request a review by notice given in writing to the Committee. Such request must be made within sixty (60) days (or one hundred and eighty (180) days in the event of a claim regarding a Disability) after receipt by the Claimant of the written notice of denial, or in the event Claimant has not received a response sixty (60) days (or one hundred and eighty (180) days in the event of a claim regarding a Disability) after receipt by the Committee of Claimant’s claim or request. The claim or request shall be reviewed by the Committee which may, but shall not be required to, grant the Claimant a hearing. On review, the claimant may have representation, examine pertinent documents, and submit issues and comments in writing.	
 
8.4.	Final Decision . The decision on review shall normally be made within sixty (60) days (or forty-five (45) days in the event of a claim regarding a Disability) after the Committee’s receipt of claimant’s claim or request. If an extension of time is required for a hearing or other special circumstances, the Claimant shall be notified and the time limit shall be one hundred twenty (120) days (or ninety (90) days in the event of a claim regarding a Disability). The decision shall be in writing and shall state the reasons and the relevant Plan provisions. All decisions on review shall be final and bind all parties concerned.	
ARTICLE IX — AMENDMENT AND TERMINATION OF PLAN
 
9.1.	Amendment . The Board may at any time amend the Plan by written instrument, notice of which is given to all Participants and to Beneficiary receiving installment payments, except that no amendment shall reduce the amount accrued in any Account as of the date the amendment is adopted.	

9.2.	Company’s Right to Terminate . The Board may, in its sole discretion, terminate the entire Plan, or terminate a portion of the Plan that is identified as an elective account balance plan as defined in Treas. Reg. §1.409A -1(c)(2)(i)(A), or as a nonelective account balance plan as defined in Treas. Reg. §1.409A -1(c)(2)(i)(B), and require distribution of all benefits due under the Plan or portion thereof, provided that:	
 
 	a)	The termination of the Plan does not occur proximate to a downturn in the financial health, as determined by the Committee, of the Company;	
 
 	b)	The Company also terminates all other plans or arrangements which are considered to be of a similar type as defined in Treas. Reg. §1.409A -1(c)(2)(i), or as otherwise provided by the Code, as the portion of the Plan which has been terminated;	
 
 	c)	No payments made in connection with the termination of the Plan occur earlier than 12 months following the Plan termination date other than payments the Plan would have made irrespective of Plan termination;	
 
 	d)	All payments made in connection with the termination of the Plan are completed within 24 months following the Plan termination date;	
 
 	e)	The Company does not establish a new plan of a similar type as defined in Treas. Reg. §1.409A -1(c)(2)(i), within 3 years following the Plan termination date as the portion of the Plan which has been terminated; and,	
 
 	f)	The Company meets any other requirements deemed necessary to comply with provisions of the Code and applicable regulations which permit the acceleration of the time and form of payment made in connection with plan terminations and liquidations.	
ARTICLE X — MISCELLANEOUS
 
10.1.	Unfunded Plan . This plan is an unfunded plan maintained primarily to provide deferred compensation benefits for a select group of “management or highly-compensated employees” within the meaning of Sections 201, 301, and 401 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), and therefore is exempt from the provisions of Parts 2, 3 and 4 of Title I of ERISA.	
 
10.2.	Unsecured General Creditor . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Plan, Participants and Participants’ Beneficiary shall be unsecured general creditors, with no secured or preferential rights to any assets of Company or any other party for payment of benefits under this Plan. Any property held by Company for the purpose of generating the cash flow for benefit payments shall remain its general, unpledged and unrestricted assets. Company’s obligation under the Plan shall be an unfunded and unsecured promise to pay money in the future.	
 
10.3.	Trust Fund . Company shall be responsible for the payment of all benefits provided under the Plan. At its discretion, Company may establish one (1) or more trusts, with such trustees as the Board may approve, for the purpose of assisting in the payment of such benefits. The assets of any such trust shall be held for payment of all Company’s general creditors in the event of insolvency. To the extent any benefits provided under the Plan are paid from any such trust, Company shall have no further obligation to pay them. If not paid from the trust, such benefits shall remain the obligation of Company.	

10.4.	Nonassignability . Neither a Participant nor any other person shall have any right to commute, sell, assign, transfer, pledge, anticipate, mortgage or otherwise encumber, transfer, hypothecate or convey in advance of actual receipt the amounts, if any, payable hereunder, or any part thereof, which are, and all rights to which are, expressly declared to be unassignable and non-transferable. No part of the amounts payable shall, prior to actual payment, be subject to seizure or sequestration for the payment of any debts, judgements, alimony or separate maintenance owed by a Participant or any other person, nor be transferable by operation of law in the event of a Participant’s or any other person’s bankruptcy or insolvency.	
 
10.5.	Not a Contract of Employment . This Plan shall not constitute a contract of employment between Company and the Participant. Nothing in this Plan shall give a Participant the right to be retained in the service of Company or to interfere with the right of the Company to discipline or discharge a Participant at any time.	
 
10.6.	Protective Provisions . A Participant will cooperate with Company by furnishing any and all information requested by Company, in order to facilitate the payment of benefits hereunder, and by taking such physical examinations as Company may deem necessary and taking such other action as may be requested by Company.	
 
10.7.	Governing Law . The provisions of this Plan shall be construed and interpreted according to the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, except as preempted by federal law.	
 
10.8.	Validity . If any provision of this Plan shall be held illegal or invalid for any reason, said illegality or invalidity shall not affect the remaining parts hereof, but this Plan shall be construed and enforced as if such illegal and invalid provision had never been inserted herein.	
 
10.9.	Notice . Any notice required or permitted under the Plan shall be sufficient if in writing and hand delivered or sent by registered or certified mail. Such notice shall be deemed given as of the date of delivery or, if delivery is made by mail, as of the date shown on the postmark on the receipt for registration or certification. Mailed notice to the Committee shall be directed to the company’s address. Mailed notice to a Participant or Beneficiary shall be directed to the individual’s last known address in company’s records.	
 
10.10.	Successors . The provisions of this Plan shall bind and inure to the benefit of Company and its successors and assigns. The term successors as used herein shall include any corporate or other business entity which shall, whether by merger, consolidation, purchase or otherwise acquire all or substantially all of the business and assets of Company, and successors of any such corporation or other business entity.	

I MPAX L ABORATORIES , I NC .	
	
BY:	
	
DATED:	

Exhibit 10.14
IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.
EXECUTIVE NON-QUALIFIED DEFERRED
COMPENSATION PLAN
WHEREAS, the Company has adopted The Impax Laboratories, Inc. Executive Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Plan”), as fully amended restated, effective as of January 1, 2008; and
WHEREAS, the Company desires to amend the Plan to comply with section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended;
NOW, THEREFORE, effective as of January 1, 2009, the Plan is amended as follows:
 
1.	Section 2.14 is deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:	
“ Financial Hardship . “Financial Hardship” means a severe financial hardship to the Participant resulting from an illness or accident of the Participant, the Participant’s spouse, or a dependent (as defined in Section 152 of the Code without regard to Section 152(b)(1), (b)(2) and (d)(1)(B)) of the Participant, loss of the Participant’s property due to casualty, or other similar extraordinary and unforeseeable circumstances arising as a result of events beyond the control of the participant, and as otherwise defined in Treas. Reg. §1.409A-3(i)(3).”
 
2.	Section 3.5 is deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:	
“ Change in Status . If the Committee determines, in its sole discretion, that a Participant’s employment performance is no longer at a level that warrants reward through participation in this Plan, but does not terminate the Participant’s employment with Company, or that Participant no longer qualifies as a member of a select group of management or highly compensated employees, as determined in accordance with the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, the Participant’s existing Deferral Commitment shall terminate at the end of the Deferral Period, and no new Deferral Commitment may be made by such Participant after notice of such determination is given by the Committee, unless the Participant later satisfies the requirements of Section 3.1.”

3.	Section 5.2(c)(ii) is deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:	
“ Active – Those Participants who remain employed by the Company after December 31, 2007 shall file a Distribution Election which provides the time and form of payment for the Account; such changes shall be reflected by the establishment of various Accounts as provided for and limited by the terms of this Plan; provided, however, that any amount that would otherwise have been payable in the calendar year in which such Distribution Election is filed may not be payable pursuant to such Distribution Election after such calendar year, and any amount that would have otherwise been payable after the calendar year in which such Distribution Election is filed may not be payable pursuant to such Distribution Election in such calendar year. In the event the Participant does not submit such a form by December 31, 2007, the Employer shall be deemed to have submitted such a form indicating the amounts being established in the Retirement Account and providing for a three (3) year payout; provided, however, that any amount that would otherwise have been payable in a calendar year prior to 2008 may not be payable after such calendar year and any amount that would have otherwise been payable after 2007 may not be payable before 2008. Such Distribution Election, submitted by the Participant or deemed by the Employer, shall become irrevocable, except as herein provided, on December 31, 2007.”
ADOPTED this                  day of                 , 2008.

IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.	
		
BY:	 	                          	

Exhibit 10.15

	  		  		
			
	  		  	RBC Capital Markets, LLC
3 World Financial Center
200 Vesey Street
New York, New York 10281
Telephone: (212) 858-7000	
			
	  		  	June 25, 2015	
 
To:	Impax Laboratories, Inc.	
30831 Huntwood Avenue
Hayward, CA 94544
Attention:              Mark Schlossberg, SVP & General Counsel
Telephone No.:     (510) 240-6000
Facsimile No.:       (510) 240-6096
 
Re:	Base Warrants	
The purpose of this letter agreement (this “ Confirmation ”) is to confirm the terms and conditions of the Warrants issued by Impax Laboratories, Inc. (“ Company ”) to Royal Bank of Canada (“ Dealer ”) as of the Trade Date specified below (the “ Transaction ”). This letter agreement constitutes a “Confirmation” as referred to in the ISDA Master Agreement specified below. This Confirmation shall replace any previous agreements and serve as the final documentation for the Transaction.
The definitions and provisions contained in the 2002 ISDA Equity Derivatives Definitions (the “ Equity Definitions ”), as published by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. (“ ISDA ”), are incorporated into this Confirmation. In the event of any inconsistency between the Equity Definitions and this Confirmation, this Confirmation shall govern.
Each party is hereby advised, and each such party acknowledges, that the other party has engaged in, or refrained from engaging in, substantial financial transactions and has taken other material actions in reliance upon the parties’ entry into the Transaction to which this Confirmation relates on the terms and conditions set forth below.
1. This Confirmation evidences a complete and binding agreement between Dealer and Company as to the terms of the Transaction to which this Confirmation relates. This Confirmation shall supplement, form a part of, and be subject to an agreement in the form of the 2002 ISDA Master Agreement (the “ Agreement ”) as if Dealer and Company had executed an agreement in such form (but without any Schedule except for (i) the election of the laws of the State of New York as the governing law (without reference to choice of law doctrine) and (ii) the election that the “Cross Default” provisions of Section 5(a)(vi) of the Agreement will apply to Company as if (a) the phrase”, or becoming capable at such time of being declared,” were deleted from Section 5(a)(vi)(1) of the Agreement, (b) the “Threshold Amount” were USD 35,000,000 and (c) the following language were added to the end of Section 5(a)(vi): “Notwithstanding the foregoing, a default under subsection (2) hereof shall not constitute an Event of Default if (x) the default was caused solely by error or omission of an administrative or operational nature; (y) funds were available to enable the party to make the payment when due; and (z) the payment is made within two Local Business Days of such party’s receipt of written notice of its failure to pay.”) on the Trade Date. In the event of any inconsistency between provisions of that Agreement and this Confirmation, this Confirmation will prevail for the purpose of the Transaction to which this Confirmation relates. The parties hereby agree that no Transaction other than the Transaction to which this Confirmation relates shall be governed by the Agreement.

2. The Transaction is a Warrant Transaction, which shall be considered a Share Option Transaction for purposes of the Equity Definitions. The terms of the particular Transaction to which this Confirmation relates are as follows:
General Terms .

Trade Date:	  	June 25, 2015	
		
Effective Date:	  	The Trade Date	
		
Warrants:	  	Equity call warrants, each giving the holder the right to purchase a number of Shares equal to the Warrant Entitlement at a price per Share equal to the Strike Price, subject to the terms set forth under the caption “Settlement Terms” below. For the purposes of the Equity Definitions, each reference to a Warrant herein shall be deemed to be a reference to a Call Option.	
		
Warrant Style:	  	European	
		
Seller:	  	Company	
		
Buyer:	  	Dealer	
		
Shares:	  	The common stock of Company, par value USD 0.01 per share (Exchange symbol “IPXL”)	
		
Number of Warrants:	  	7,892,900. For the avoidance of doubt, the Number of Warrants shall be reduced by any Warrants exercised or deemed exercised hereunder. In no event will the Number of Warrants be less than zero.	
		
Warrant Entitlement:	  	One Share per Warrant	
		
Strike Price:	  	USD 81.2770	
		
	  	Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Agreement, this Confirmation or the Equity Definitions, in no event shall the Strike Price be subject to adjustment to the extent that, after giving effect to such adjustment, the Strike Price would be less than USD 47.81, except for any adjustment pursuant to the terms of this Confirmation and the Equity Definitions in connection with stock splits or similar changes to Company’s capitalization.	
		
Premium:	  	USD 73,600,000.00	
		
Premium Payment Date:	  	The closing date of the initial issuance of the Company’s 2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due June 15, 2022	
		
Exchange:	  	The NASDAQ Global Market	
		
Related Exchange(s):	  	All Exchanges	
Procedures for Exercise .

	 	Expiration Time:	  	                        The Valuation Time	
 
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Expiration Dates:	  	Each Scheduled Trading Day during the period from, and including, the First Expiration Date to, but excluding, the 100 th Scheduled Trading Day following the First Expiration Date shall be an “Expiration Date” for a number of Warrants equal to the Daily Number of Warrants on such date; provided that, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Equity Definitions, if any such date is a Disrupted Day, the Calculation Agent shall in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner make adjustments, if applicable, to the Daily Number of Warrants or shall reduce such Daily Number of Warrants to zero for which such day shall be an Expiration Date and shall designate a Scheduled Trading Day or a number of Scheduled Trading Days as the Expiration Date(s) for the remaining Daily Number of Warrants or a portion thereof for the originally scheduled Expiration Date; and provided further that if such Expiration Date has not occurred pursuant to this clause as of the eighth Scheduled Trading Day following the last scheduled Expiration Date under the Transaction, then such Scheduled Trading Day shall be deemed to be an Expiration Date for the relevant Daily Number of Warrants and the Calculation Agent shall determine its good faith estimate of the fair market value for the Shares as of the Valuation Time on that eighth Scheduled Trading Day.	
		
First Expiration Date:	  	September 15, 2022 (or if such day is not a Scheduled Trading Day, the next following Scheduled Trading Day), subject to Market Disruption Event below.	
		
Daily Number of Warrants:	  	For any Expiration Date, the Number of Warrants that have not expired or been exercised as of such day, divided by the remaining number of Expiration Dates (including such day), rounded down to the nearest whole number, subject to adjustment pursuant to the provisos to “Expiration Dates”.	
		
Automatic Exercise:	  	Applicable; and means that for each Expiration Date, a number of Warrants equal to the Daily Number of Warrants for such Expiration Date will be deemed to be automatically exercised at the Expiration Time on such Expiration Date.	
		
Market Disruption Event:	  	Section 6.3(a) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by replacing clause (ii) in its entirety with “(ii) an Exchange Disruption, or” and inserting immediately following clause (iii) the phrase “; in each case that the Calculation Agent determines is material.”	
		
	  	Section 6.3(d) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by deleting the remainder of the provision following the words “Scheduled Closing Time” in the fourth line thereof.	
Valuation Terms .

Valuation Time:	  	Scheduled Closing Time; provided that if the principal trading session is extended, the Calculation Agent shall determine the Valuation Time in its reasonable discretion.	
		
Valuation Date:	  	Each Exercise Date.	
 
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Settlement Terms .

Settlement Method Election:	  	Applicable; provided that (i) references to “Physical Settlement” in Section 7.1 of the Equity Definitions shall be replaced by references to “Net Share Settlement”; (ii) Company may elect Cash Settlement only if Company represents and warrants to Dealer in writing on the date of such election that (A) Company and its Affiliates are not in possession of any material non-public information regarding Company or the Shares, (B) Company is electing Cash Settlement in good faith and not as part of a plan or scheme to evade compliance with the federal securities laws, and (C) the assets of Company at their fair valuation exceed the liabilities of Company (including contingent liabilities), the capital of Company is adequate to conduct the business of Company, and Company has the ability to pay its debts and obligations as such debts mature and does not intend to, or does not believe that it will, incur debt beyond its ability to pay as such debts mature; and (iii) the same election of settlement method shall apply to all Expiration Dates hereunder.	
		
Electing Party:	  	Company	
		
Settlement Method Election Date:	  	The third Scheduled Trading Day immediately preceding the First Expiration Date.	
		
Default Settlement Method:	  	Net Share Settlement	
		
Net Share Settlement:	  	If Net Share Settlement is applicable, then on the relevant Settlement Date, Company shall deliver to Dealer a number of Shares equal to the Share Delivery Quantity for such Settlement Date to the account specified herein free of payment through the Clearance System, and Dealer shall be treated as the holder of record of such Shares at the time of delivery of such Shares or, if earlier, at 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on such Settlement Date, and Company shall pay to Dealer cash in lieu of any fractional Share based on the Settlement Price on the relevant Valuation Date.	
		
Share Delivery Quantity:	  	For any Settlement Date, a number of Shares, as calculated by the Calculation Agent, equal to the Net Share Settlement Amount for such Settlement Date divided by the Settlement Price on the Valuation Date for such Settlement Date.	
		
Net Share Settlement Amount:	  	For any Settlement Date, an amount equal to the product of (i) the number of Warrants exercised or deemed exercised on the relevant Exercise Date , (ii) the Strike Price Differential for the relevant Valuation Date and (iii) the Warrant Entitlement.	
		
Cash Settlement:	  	If Cash Settlement is applicable, on the relevant Settlement Date, Company shall pay to Dealer an amount of cash in USD equal to the Net Share Settlement Amount for such Settlement Date.	
 
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Settlement Price:	  	For any Valuation Date, the per Share volume-weighted average price as displayed under the heading “Bloomberg VWAP” on Bloomberg page IPXL <equity> AQR (or any successor thereto) in respect of the period from the scheduled opening time of the Exchange to the Scheduled Closing Time on such Valuation Date (or if such volume-weighted average price is unavailable, the market value of one Share on such Valuation Date, as determined by the Calculation Agent). Notwithstanding the foregoing, if (i) any Expiration Date is a Disrupted Day and (ii) the Calculation Agent determines that such Expiration Date shall be an Expiration Date for fewer than the Daily Number of Warrants, as described above, then the Settlement Price for the relevant Valuation Date shall be the volume-weighted average price per Share on such Valuation Date on the Exchange, as determined by the Calculation Agent based on such sources as it deems appropriate using a volume-weighted methodology, for the portion of such Valuation Date for which the Calculation Agent determines there is no Market Disruption Event.	
		
Settlement Dates:	  	As determined pursuant to Section 9.4 of the Equity Definitions, subject to Section 9(m)(i) hereof; provided that Section 9.4 of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by (i) inserting the words “or cash” immediately following the word “Shares” in the first line thereof and (ii) inserting the words “for the Shares” immediately following the words “Settlement Cycle” in the second line thereof.	
		
Other Applicable Provisions:	  	If Net Share Settlement is applicable, the provisions of Sections 9.1(c), 9.8, 9.9, 9.11 and 9.12 of the Equity Definitions will be applicable, except that all references in such provisions to “Physically-settled” shall be read as references to “Net Share Settled.” “Net Share Settled” in relation to any Warrant means that Net Share Settlement is applicable to that Warrant.	
		
Representation and Agreement:	  	Notwithstanding Section 9.11 of the Equity Definitions, the parties acknowledge that (i) any Shares delivered to Dealer may be, upon delivery, subject to restrictions and limitations arising from Company’s status as issuer of the Shares under applicable securities laws and (ii) any Shares delivered to Dealer may be “restricted securities” (as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Securities Act ”)).	
 
3.	Additional Terms applicable to the Transaction .	
Adjustments applicable to the Transaction:

Method of Adjustment:	  	Calculation Agent Adjustment, except that any adjustment in respect of a Potential Adjustment Event shall be made in a commercially reasonable manner and in consultation with Company. For the avoidance of doubt, in making any adjustments under the Equity Definitions, the Calculation Agent may make adjustments, if any, to any one or more of the Strike Price, the Number of Warrants, the Daily Number of Warrants and the Warrant Entitlement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any cash dividends or distributions on the Shares, whether or not extraordinary, shall be governed by Section 9(h) of this Confirmation in lieu of Article 10 or Section 11.2(c) of the Equity Definitions.	
 
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Extraordinary Events applicable to the Transaction:

New Shares:	  	Section 12.1(i) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended (a) by deleting the text in clause (i) thereof in its entirety (including the word “and” following clause (i)) and replacing it with the phrase “publicly quoted, traded or listed (or whose related depositary receipts are publicly quoted, traded or listed) on any of the New York Stock Exchange, The NASDAQ Global Select Market or The NASDAQ Global Market (or their respective successors)” and (b) by inserting immediately prior to the period the phrase “and (iii) of an entity or person that is a corporation”.	
Consequence of Merger Events:

Merger Event:	  	Applicable, except that any adjustment in respect of a Merger Event shall be made in a commercially reasonable manner and in consultation with Company; provided that if an event occurs that constitutes both a Merger Event under Section 12.1(b) of the Equity Definitions and an Additional Termination Event under Section 9(j)(ii)(B) of this Confirmation, the provisions of Section 9(j)(ii)(B) will apply.	
		
Share-for-Share:	  	Modified Calculation Agent Adjustment	
		
Share-for-Other:	  	Cancellation and Payment (Calculation Agent Determination)	
		
Share-for-Combined:	  	Component Adjustment	
		
Modified Calculation	  		
Agent Adjustment:	  	If, in respect of any Merger Event to which Modified Calculation Agent Adjustment applies, the adjustments to be made in accordance with Section 12.2(e)(i) of the Equity Definitions would result in Company being different from the issuer of the Shares, then with respect to such Merger Event, as a condition precedent to the adjustments contemplated in Section 12.2(e)(i) of the Equity Definitions, Dealer, the Issuer of the Affected Shares and the entity that will be the Issuer of the New Shares shall, prior to the Merger Date, have entered into such documentation containing agreements relating to “tacking” and “holding period” related considerations under U.S. securities law and credit exposure assumed by Dealer as the result of the Merger Event, as reasonably requested by Dealer that Dealer has determined, in its good faith, reasonable judgment, to be reasonably necessary or appropriate to allow Dealer to continue as a party to the Transaction, as adjusted under Section 12.2(e)(i) of the Equity Definitions, and to preserve its hedging or hedge unwind activities in connection with the Transaction in a manner compliant with applicable legal and regulatory requirements, and if such conditions are not met or if the Calculation Agent reasonably determines that no adjustment that it could make under Section 12.2(e)(i) of the Equity Definitions will produce a commercially reasonable result, then the consequences set forth in Section 12.2(e)(ii) of the Equity Definitions shall apply.	
 
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Consequence of Tender Offers:

Tender Offer:	  	Applicable; provided that Section 12.1(d) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by replacing “10%” with “25%”; provided, further ,that if an event occurs that constitutes both a Tender Offer under Section 12.1(d) of the Equity Definitions and Additional Termination Event under Section 9(j)(ii)(A) of this Confirmation, the provisions of Section 9(j)(ii)(A) will apply.	
		
Share-for-Share:	  	Modified Calculation Agent Adjustment	
		
Share-for-Other:	  	Modified Calculation Agent Adjustment	
		
Share-for-Combined:	  	Modified Calculation Agent Adjustment	
		
Consequences of Announcement Events:	  	Modified Calculation Agent Adjustment as set forth in Section 12.3(d) of the Equity Definitions, except that any adjustment in respect of an Announcement Event shall be made in a commercially reasonable manner and in consultation with Company; provided that, in respect of an Announcement Event, (x) references to “Tender Offer” shall be replaced by references to “Announcement Event” and references to “Tender Offer Date” shall be replaced by references to “date of such Announcement Event” and (y) for the avoidance of doubt, the Calculation Agent may determine whether the relevant Announcement Event has had a material effect on the Transaction (and, if so, adjust the terms of the Transaction accordingly in a commercially reasonable manner) on one or more occasions on or after the date of the Announcement Event but no later than the Expiration Date, any Early Termination Date and/or any other date of cancellation, it being understood that any adjustment in respect of an Announcement Event shall take into account any earlier adjustment relating to the same Announcement Event. An Announcement Event shall be an “Extraordinary Event” for purposes of the Equity Definitions, to which Article 12 of the Equity Definitions is applicable.	
 
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Announcement Event:	  	(i) The public announcement by any entity of (x) any transaction or event that is reasonably likely to be completed, as determined by the Calculation Agent and, if completed, would constitute a Merger Event or Tender Offer, (y) any potential acquisition by Issuer and/or its subsidiaries where the aggregate consideration exceeds 15% of the market capitalization of Issuer as of the date of such announcement (an “ Acquisition Transaction ”) or (z) the intention to enter into a Merger Event or Tender Offer or an Acquisition Transaction, (ii) the public announcement by Issuer of an intention to solicit or enter into, or to explore strategic alternatives or other similar undertaking that may include, a Merger Event or Tender Offer or an Acquisition Transaction or (iii) any subsequent public announcement by any entity of a change to a transaction or intention that is the subject of an announcement of the type described in clause (i) or (ii) of this sentence (including, without limitation, a new announcement, whether or not by the same party, relating to such a transaction or intention or the announcement of a withdrawal from, or the abandonment or discontinuation of, such a transaction or intention), as determined by the Calculation Agent. For the avoidance of doubt, the occurrence of an Announcement Event with respect to any transaction or intention shall not preclude the occurrence of a later Announcement Event with respect to such transaction or intention. For purposes of this definition of “Announcement Event,” the remainder of the definition of “Merger Event” in Section 12.1(b) of the Equity Definitions following the definition of “Reverse Merger” therein shall be disregarded.	
		
Nationalization, Insolvency or Delisting:	  	Cancellation and Payment (Calculation Agent Determination); provided that, in addition to the provisions of Section 12.6(a)(iii) of the Equity Definitions, it will also constitute a Delisting if the Exchange is located in the United States and the Shares are not immediately re-listed, re-traded or re-quoted on any of the New York Stock Exchange, The NASDAQ Global Select Market or The NASDAQ Global Market (or their respective successors); if the Shares are immediately re-listed, re-traded or re-quoted on any of the New York Stock Exchange, The NASDAQ Global Select Market or The NASDAQ Global Market (or their respective successors), such exchange or quotation system shall thereafter be deemed to be the Exchange.	
		
Additional Disruption Events:	  		
		
Change in Law:	  	Applicable; provided that Section 12.9(a)(ii) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by (i) replacing the word “Shares” with the phrase “Hedge Positions” in clause (X) thereof and (ii) inserting the parenthetical “(including, for the avoidance of doubt and without limitation, adoption or promulgation of new regulations authorized or mandated by existing statute)” at the end of clause (A) thereof.	
		
Failure to Deliver:	  	Not Applicable	
		
Insolvency Filing:	  	Applicable	
 
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Hedging Disruption:	  	Applicable; provided that,	
		
	  	(i) Section 12.9(a)(v) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by (a) inserting the following words at the end of clause (A) thereof: “in the manner contemplated by the Hedging Party on the Trade Date” and (b) inserting the following two phrases at the end of such Section:	
		
	  	“For the avoidance of doubt, the term “equity price risk” shall be deemed to include, but shall not be limited to, stock price and volatility risk. And, for the further avoidance of doubt, any such transactions or assets referred to in phrases (A) or (B) above must be available on commercially reasonable pricing terms.”; and	
		
	  	(ii)  Section 12.9(b)(iii) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by inserting in the third line thereof, after the words “to terminate the Transaction”, the words “or a portion of the Transaction affected by such Hedging Disruption”.	
		
Increased Cost of Hedging:	  	Applicable	
		
Loss of Stock Borrow:	  	Applicable	
		
Maximum Stock Loan Rate:	  	200 basis points	
		
Increased Cost of Stock Borrow:	  	Applicable	
		
Initial Stock Loan Rate:	  	0 basis points until June 15, 2022 and 25 basis points thereafter.	
		
Hedging Party:	  	For all applicable Additional Disruption Events, Dealer.	
		
Determining Party:	  	For all applicable Extraordinary Events, Dealer.	
		
Non-Reliance:	  	Applicable	
		
Agreements and Acknowledgments	  		
Regarding Hedging Activities:	  	Applicable	
		
Additional Acknowledgments:	  	Applicable	
 
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4.   Calculation Agent .	  	Dealer, whose judgments, determinations and calculations shall be made in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner; provided that, following the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default of the type described in Section 5(a)(vii) of the Agreement with respect to which Dealer is the sole Defaulting Party, if the Calculation Agent fails to timely make any calculation, adjustment or determination required to be made by the Calculation Agent hereunder or to perform any obligation of the Calculation Agent hereunder and such failure continues for five (5) Exchange Business Days following notice to the Calculation Agent by Company of such failure, Company shall have the right to designate a nationally recognized third-party dealer in over-the-counter corporate equity derivatives to act, during the period commencing on the date such Event of Default occurred and ending on the Early Termination Date with respect to such Event of Default, as the Calculation Agent. Following any determination or calculation by the Calculation Agent hereunder, upon a request by Company, the Calculation Agent shall promptly (but in any event within five Scheduled Trading Days) provide to Company by e-mail to the e-mail address provided by Company in such request a report (in a commonly used file format for the storage and manipulation of financial data) displaying in reasonable detail the basis for such determination or calculation (including any assumptions used in making such determination or calculation), it being understood that the Calculation Agent shall not be obligated to disclose any proprietary models or proprietary or confidential information used by it for such determination or calculation.	
 
5.	Account Details .	
 
 	(a)	Account for payments to Company:	
To be provided by Company.
Account for delivery of Shares from Company:
To be provided by Company.
 
 	(b)	Account for payments to Dealer:	
ABA: 021000021
JP Morgan Chase NY (CHASUS33)
A/C Royal Bank of Canada, NY Branch (ROYCUS3X)
A/C#: 920-1-033363
FFC A/C Name: RBC US Transit
FFC A/C#: 012692041499
Reference: Impax Laboratories, Inc.
Account for delivery of Shares to Dealer:
To be provided by Dealer.
 
6.	Offices .	
 
 	(a)	The Office of Company for the Transaction is: Inapplicable, Company is not a Multibranch Party.	
 
 	(b)	The Office of Dealer for the Transaction is: New York	
Royal Bank of Canada
c/o RBC Capital Markets, LLC
3 World Financial Center
200 Vesey Street
New York, New York 10281
Attention:         Structured Derivatives Documentation
Telephone:        (212) 858-7000
Facsimile:         (212) 428-3053
 
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7.	Notices .	
 
 	(a)	Address for notices or communications to Company:	
Impax Laboratories, Inc.
30831 Huntwood Avenue
Hayward, CA 94544
Attention:             Mark Schlossberg, SVP & General Counsel
Telephone No.:    (510) 240-6000
Facsimile No.:      (510) 240-6096
Address for notices or communications to Dealer:
Royal Bank of Canada
c/o RBC Capital Markets, LLC
3 World Financial Center
200 Vesey Street
New York, New York 10281
Attention:          Structured Derivatives Documentation
Telephone:        (212) 858-7000
Facsimile:         (212) 428-3053
Email:               RBCECMCorporateEquityLinkedDocumentation@rbc.com
 
8.	Representations and Warranties of Company .	
Other than for purposes of Section 5(a)(iv) of the Agreement, each of the representations and warranties of Company set forth in Section 3 of the Purchase Agreement (the “ Purchase Agreement ”), dated as of June 25, 2015, between Company and RBC Capital Markets, LLC, as representative of the initial purchasers party thereto (the “ Initial Purchasers ”), are true and correct and are hereby deemed to be repeated to Dealer as if set forth herein. Company hereby further represents and warrants to Dealer on the date hereof, on and as of the Premium Payment Date and, in the case of the representations in Section 8(d), at all times until termination of the Transaction, that:
 
 	(a)	Company has all necessary corporate power and authority to execute, deliver and perform its obligations in respect of the Transaction; such execution, delivery and performance have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on Company’s part; and this Confirmation has been duly and validly executed and delivered by Company and constitutes its valid and binding obligation, enforceable against Company in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights and remedies generally, and subject, as to enforceability, to general principles of equity, including principles of commercial reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in a proceeding at law or in equity) and except that rights to indemnification and contribution hereunder may be limited by federal or state securities laws or public policy relating thereto.	
 
 	(b)	Neither the execution and delivery of this Confirmation nor the incurrence or performance of obligations of Company hereunder will conflict with or result in a breach of the certificate of incorporation or by-laws (or any equivalent documents) of Company, or any applicable law or regulation, or any order, writ, injunction or decree of any court or governmental authority or agency, or any agreement or instrument filed as an exhibit to Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, as updated by any subsequent filings, or constitute a default under, or result in the creation of any lien under, any such agreement or instrument.	
 
 	(c)	No consent, approval, authorization, or order of, or filing with, any governmental agency or body or any court is required in connection with the execution, delivery or performance by Company of this Confirmation, except such as have been obtained or made and such as may be required under the Securities Act or state securities laws.	
 
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 	(d)	A number of Shares equal to 10,544,266 (the “ Warrant Shares ”) have been reserved for issuance by all required corporate action of Company. The Warrant Shares have been duly authorized and, when delivered against payment therefor (which may include Net Share Settlement in lieu of cash) and otherwise as contemplated by the terms of the Warrants following the exercise of the Warrants in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Warrants, will be validly issued, fully-paid and non-assessable, and the issuance of the Warrant Shares will not be subject to any preemptive or similar rights.	
 
 	(e)	Company is not and, after consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, will not be required to register as an “investment company” as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.	
 
 	(f)	Company is an “eligible contract participant” (as such term is defined in Section 1a(18) of the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended, other than a person that is an eligible contract participant under Section 1a(18)(C) of the Commodity Exchange Act).	
 
 	(g)	Company and each of its affiliates is not, on the date hereof, in possession of any material non-public information with respect to Company or the Shares.	
 
 	(h)	To Company’s knowledge, no state or local (including any non-U.S. jurisdiction’s) law, rule, regulation or regulatory order applicable to the Shares would give rise to any reporting, consent, registration or other requirement (including without limitation a requirement to obtain prior approval from any person or entity) as a result of Dealer or its affiliates owning or holding (however defined) Shares.	
 
 	(i)	Company (A) is capable of evaluating investment risks independently, both in general and with regard to all transactions and investment strategies involving a security or securities; (B) will exercise independent judgment in evaluating the recommendations of any broker-dealer or its associated persons, unless it has otherwise notified the broker-dealer in writing; and (C) has total assets of at least $50 million.	
 
 	(j)	Without limiting the generality of Section 13.1 of the Equity Definitions, Company acknowledges that Dealer is not making any representations or warranties with respect to the treatment of the Transaction under any accounting standards including ASC Topic 260, Earnings Per Share , ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging , or ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity and ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (or any successor issue statements) or under FASB’s Liabilities & Equity Project.	
 
9.	Other Provisions .	
 
 	(a)	Opinions . Company shall deliver to Dealer one or more opinions of counsel, dated as of the Premium Payment Date, given by Latham & Watkins LLP, with respect to the matters set forth in Sections 8(a) through (d) of this Confirmation; provided that any such opinion of counsel may contain customary exceptions and qualifications. Delivery of such opinion to Dealer shall be a condition precedent for the purpose of Section 2(a)(iii) of the Agreement with respect to each obligation of Dealer under Section 2(a)(i) of the Agreement. In addition, in connection with the entry into or consummation of any Redomicile Transaction (as defined below), Company shall deliver to Dealer an opinion of counsel (subject to customary qualifications, assumptions and exceptions), dated as of the date of such Redomicile Transaction, with respect to the matters set forth in Sections 8(a), 8(b), 8(c) and 8(d) of this Confirmation (except the reference in Section 8(b) to “any agreement or instrument filed as an exhibit to Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, as updated by any subsequent filings” shall be replaced with “any agreement or instrument to which Company or its subsidiaries is a party or to which Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject”). “ Redomicile Transaction ” means any Merger Event, reincorporation of Company, corporate redomiciliation of Company or similar transaction pursuant to which (x) the consideration for the Shares includes (or, at the option of a holder of Shares, may include) shares of a corporation that is not organized under the laws of the United States, any State thereof or the District of Columbia or (y) the Company following such Merger Event, reincorporation of Company, corporate redomiciliation of Company or similar transaction is not a corporation or is incorporated in a jurisdiction other than the United States, any State thereof or the District of Columbia.	
 
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 	(b)	Repurchase Notices . Company shall, on any day on which Company effects any repurchase of Shares, promptly give Dealer a written notice of such repurchase (a “ Repurchase Notice ”) on such day if following such repurchase, the number of outstanding Shares on such day, subject to any adjustments provided herein, is (i) less than 69.09 million (in the case of the first such notice) or (ii) thereafter more than 2.43 million less than the number of Shares included in the immediately preceding Repurchase Notice. Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Dealer and its affiliates and their respective officers, directors, employees, affiliates, advisors, agents and controlling persons (each, an “ Indemnified Person ”) from and against any and all losses (including losses relating to Dealer’s hedging activities as a consequence of becoming, or of the risk of becoming, a Section 16 “insider”, including without limitation, any forbearance from hedging activities or cessation of hedging activities and any losses in connection therewith with respect to the Transaction), claims, damages, judgments, liabilities and reasonable expenses (including reasonable attorney’s fees), joint or several, which an Indemnified Person may become subject to, in each case, as a result of Company’s failure to provide Dealer with a Repurchase Notice on the day and in the manner specified in this paragraph, and to reimburse, within 30 days, upon written request, each of such Indemnified Persons for any reasonable legal or other expenses incurred in connection with investigating, preparing for, providing testimony or other evidence in connection with or defending any of the foregoing. If any suit, action, proceeding (including any governmental or regulatory investigation), claim or demand shall be brought or asserted against the Indemnified Person as a result of Company’s failure to provide Dealer with a Repurchase Notice on the day and in the manner specified in this paragraph, such Indemnified Person shall promptly notify Company in writing, and Company, upon request of the Indemnified Person, shall retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Person to represent the Indemnified Person and any others Company may designate in such proceeding and shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel related to such proceeding. Company shall not be liable for any settlement of such proceeding that is effected without its written consent, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, Company agrees to indemnify any Indemnified Person from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement or judgment. Company shall not, without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Person, effect any settlement of any such proceeding that is pending or threatened in respect of which any Indemnified Person is or could have been a party and indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such Indemnified Person, unless such settlement includes an unconditional release of such Indemnified Person from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such proceeding on terms reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnified Person. If the indemnification provided for in this paragraph is unavailable to an Indemnified Person or insufficient in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to therein, then Company under such paragraph, in lieu of indemnifying such Indemnified Person thereunder, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Person as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities. The remedies provided for in this paragraph (b) are not exclusive and shall not limit any rights or remedies which may otherwise be available to any Indemnified Person at law or in equity. The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in this paragraph shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of the termination of the Transaction.	
 
 	(c)	Regulation M . Company is not on the Trade Date engaged in a distribution, as such term is used in Regulation M under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”), of any securities of Company, other than a distribution meeting the requirements of the exception set forth in Rules 101(b) and 102(b) of Regulation M. Company shall not, until the second Scheduled Trading Day immediately following the Effective Date, engage in any such distribution.	
 
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 	(d)	Rule 10b-18 . On each Settlement Date, neither Company nor any “affiliate” or “affiliated purchaser” (each as defined in Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act (“ Rule 10b-18 ”)) shall directly or indirectly (including, without limitation, by means of any cash-settled or other derivative instrument) purchase, offer to purchase, place any bid or limit order that would effect a purchase of, or commence any tender offer relating to, any Shares (or an equivalent interest, including a unit of beneficial interest in a trust or limited partnership or a depository share) or any security convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Shares except through Dealer and except (w) purchases of Shares that do not constitute “Rule 10b-18 purchases” under subparagraphs (ii) or (iii) of Rule 10b-18(a)(13) and that are not reasonably expected to result in purchases of Shares in the market, (x) withholding of Shares from holders of employee stock options to cover amounts payable (including tax liabilities and/or payment of exercise price) in respect of the exercise of such employee stock options, (y) purchases of Shares from employees to satisfy obligations under employee compensation agreements with such employees and (z) privately negotiated off-exchange repurchases of Shares that are not reasonably expected to result in purchases of Shares in the market.	
 
 	(e)	Resolutions . On or prior to the Trade Date, Company shall deliver to Dealer a resolution of Company’s board of directors authorizing the Transaction.	
 
 	(f)	No Manipulation . Company is not entering into the Transaction to create actual or apparent trading activity in the Shares (or any security convertible into or exchangeable for the Shares) or to raise or depress or otherwise manipulate the price of the Shares (or any security convertible into or exchangeable for the Shares) or otherwise in violation of the Exchange Act.	
 
 	(g)	Transfer or Assignment . Company may not transfer any of its rights or obligations under the Transaction without the prior written consent of Dealer. Dealer may, without Company’s consent, transfer or assign all or any part of its rights or obligations under the Transaction to any affiliate of Dealer or any internationally recognized investment bank; provided , that, in each case, as a result of such transfer or assignment, (i) Company will not be required to pay the transferee on any payment date an amount under Section 2(d)(i)(4) of the Agreement greater than an amount that Company would have been required to pay to Dealer in the absence of such transfer or assignment and (ii) such transferee provides either an IRS Form W-9 or W-8 (or successor form). If at any time at which (A) the Section 16 Percentage exceeds 8.5%, (B) the Warrant Equity Percentage exceeds 14.5%, or (C) the Share Amount exceeds the Applicable Share Limit (if any applies) (any such condition described in clauses (A), (B) or (C), an “ Excess Ownership Position ”), Dealer is unable after using its commercially reasonable efforts to effect a transfer or assignment of Warrants in accordance with the preceding sentence on pricing terms reasonably acceptable to Dealer and within a time period reasonably acceptable to Dealer such that no Excess Ownership Position exists, then Dealer may designate any Exchange Business Day as an Early Termination Date with respect to a portion of the Transaction (the “ Terminated Portion ”), such that following such partial termination no Excess Ownership Position exists. In the event that Dealer so designates an Early Termination Date with respect to a Terminated Portion, a payment shall be made pursuant to Section 6 of the Agreement as if (1) an Early Termination Date had been designated in respect of a Transaction having terms identical to the Transaction and a Number of Warrants equal to the number of Warrants underlying the Terminated Portion, (2) Company were the sole Affected Party with respect to such partial termination and (3) the Terminated Portion were the sole Affected Transaction (and, for the avoidance of doubt, the provisions of Section 9(l) shall apply to any amount that is payable by Company to Dealer pursuant to this sentence as if Company was not the Affected Party). The “ Section  16 Percentage ” as of any day is the fraction, expressed as a percentage, (A) the numerator of which is the number of Shares that Dealer and each person subject to aggregation of Shares with Dealer under Section 13 or Section 16 of the Exchange Act and rules promulgated thereunder directly or indirectly beneficially own (as defined under Section 13 or Section 16 of the Exchange Act and rules promulgated thereunder) and (B) the denominator of which is the number of Shares outstanding. The “ Warrant Equity Percentage ” as of any day is the fraction, expressed as a percentage, (A) the numerator of which is the sum of (1) the product of the Number of Warrants and the Warrant Entitlement and (2) the aggregate number of Shares underlying any other warrants purchased by Dealer from Company, and (B) the denominator of which is the number of Shares outstanding. The “ Share Amount ” as of any day is the number of Shares that Dealer and any person whose ownership position would be aggregated with that of Dealer (Dealer or any such person, a “ Dealer Person ”) under any law, rule, regulation, regulatory order or organizational documents or contracts of Company that are, in each case, applicable to ownership of Shares (“ Applicable Restrictions ”), owns, beneficially owns, constructively owns, controls, holds the power to vote or otherwise meets a relevant definition of ownership under any Applicable Restriction, as determined by Dealer in its reasonable discretion. The “ Applicable Share Limit ” means a number of Shares equal to (A) the minimum number of Shares that gives rise to reporting or registration obligations (except for any filings of Form 13F, Schedule 13D or Schedule 13G under the Exchange Act, in each case as in effect on the Trade Date) or other requirements (including obtaining prior approval from any person or entity) of a Dealer Person, or could result in a material adverse effect on a Dealer Person, under any Applicable Restriction, as determined by Dealer in its reasonable discretion, minus (B) 1% of the number of Shares outstanding. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Confirmation to the contrary requiring or allowing Dealer to purchase, sell, receive or deliver any Shares or other securities, or make or receive any payment in cash, to or from Company, Dealer may designate any of its affiliates to purchase, sell, receive or deliver such Shares or other securities, or make or receive such payment in cash, and otherwise to perform Dealer’s obligations in respect of the Transaction and any such designee may assume such obligations. Dealer shall be discharged of its obligations to Company to the extent of any such performance.	
 
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 	(h)	Dividends . If at any time during the period from and including the Effective Date, to and including the last Expiration Date, an ex-dividend date for a cash dividend occurs with respect to the Shares, then the Calculation Agent will adjust any of the Strike Price, Number of Warrants, Daily Number of Warrants and/or any other variable relevant to the exercise, settlement or payment of the Transaction to preserve the fair value of the Warrants to Dealer after taking into account such dividend.	
 
 	(i)	Role of Agent. Dealer has appointed, as its agent, its indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, RBC Capital Markets, LLC (“ RBCCM ”), for purposes of conducting, on Dealer’s behalf, a business in privately negotiated transactions in options and other derivatives. Company hereby is advised that Dealer, the principal and stated counterparty in such transactions, duly has authorized RBCCM to market, structure, negotiate, document, price, execute and hedge transactions in over-the-counter derivative products. RBCCM does not act as agent of Company. For the avoidance of doubt, any performance by Dealer of its obligations hereunder solely to RBCCM shall not relieve Dealer of such obligations. RBCCM’s performance to Company of Dealer’s obligations hereunder shall relieve Dealer of such obligations to the extent of such performance. Any performance by Company of its obligations (including notice obligations) through or by means of RBCCM’s agency for Dealer shall constitute good performance of Company’s obligations hereunder to Dealer.	
 
 	(j)	Additional Provisions .	
 
 	(i)	Amendments to the Equity Definitions:	
 
 	(A)	Section 11.2(a) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by deleting the words “a diluting or concentrative” and replacing them with the words “a material”; and adding the phrase “or Warrants” at the end of the sentence.	
 
 	(B)	Section 11.2(c) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by (w) replacing the words “a diluting or concentrative” with “a material” in the fifth line thereof, (x) adding the phrase “or Warrants” after the words “the relevant Shares” in the same sentence, (y) deleting the words “diluting or concentrative” in the sixth to last line thereof and (z) deleting the phrase “(provided that no adjustments will be made to account solely for changes in volatility, expected dividends, stock loan rate or liquidity relative to the relevant Shares)” and replacing it with the phrase “(and, for the avoidance of doubt, adjustments may be made to account solely for changes in volatility, expected dividends, stock loan rate or liquidity relative to the relevant Shares).”	
 
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 	(C)	Section 11.2(e)(vii) of the Equity Definitions is hereby replaced in its entirety with the words “any other corporate event involving the Issuer or its securities that has a material economic effect on the Transaction.”	
 
 	(D)	Section 12.6(a)(ii) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by (1) deleting from the fourth line thereof the word “or” after the word “official” and inserting a comma therefor, and (2) deleting the semi-colon at the end of subsection (B) thereof and inserting the following words therefor “or (C) the occurrence of any of the events specified in Section 5(a)(vii) (1) through (9) of the ISDA Master Agreement with respect to that Issuer.”	
 
 	(E)	Section 12.9(b)(iv) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by:	
 
 	(x)	deleting (1) subsection (A) in its entirety, (2) the phrase “or (B)” following subsection (A) and (3) the phrase “in each case” in subsection (B); and	
 
 	(y)	replacing the phrase “neither the Non-Hedging Party nor the Lending Party lends Shares” with the phrase “such Lending Party does not lend Shares” in the penultimate sentence.	
 
 	(F)	Section 12.9(b)(v) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by:	
 
 	(x)	adding the word “or” immediately before subsection “(B)” and deleting the comma at the end of subsection (A); and	
 
 	(y)	(1) deleting subsection (C) in its entirety, (2) deleting the word “or” immediately preceding subsection (C), (3) deleting the penultimate sentence in its entirety and replacing it with the sentence “The Hedging Party will determine the Cancellation Amount payable by one party to the other.” and (4) deleting clause (X) in the final sentence.	
 
 	(ii)	Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Confirmation, upon the occurrence of one of the following events, with respect to the Transaction, (1) Dealer shall have the right to designate such event an Additional Termination Event and designate an Early Termination Date pursuant to Section 6(b) of the Agreement, (2) Company shall be deemed the sole Affected Party with respect to such Additional Termination Event and (3) the Transaction, or, at the election of Dealer in its sole discretion, any portion of the Transaction, shall be deemed the sole Affected Transaction; provided that if Dealer so designates an Early Termination Date with respect to a portion of the Transaction, (a) a payment shall be made pursuant to Section 6 of the Agreement as if an Early Termination Date had been designated in respect of a Transaction having terms identical to the Transaction and a Number of Warrants equal to the number of Warrants included in the terminated portion of the Transaction, and (b) for the avoidance of doubt, the Transaction shall remain in full force and effect except that the Number of Warrants shall be reduced by the number of Warrants included in such terminated portion:	
 
 	(A)	A “person” or “group” within the meaning of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act, other than Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and its and their employee benefit plans, files a Schedule TO or any schedule, form or report under the Exchange Act disclosing that such person or group has become the direct or indirect “beneficial owner,” as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, of the common equity of Company representing more than 50% of the voting power of all classes of such common equity entitled to vote generally in the election of its directors.	
 
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 	(B)	Consummation of (I) any recapitalization, reclassification or change of the Shares (other than changes resulting from a subdivision or combination) as a result of which the Shares would be converted into, or exchanged for, stock, other securities, other property or assets, (II) any share exchange, consolidation or merger of Company pursuant to which the Shares will be converted into cash, securities or other property or assets or (III) any sale, lease or other transfer in one transaction or a series of transactions of all or substantially all of the consolidated assets of Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to any person other than one of Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any transaction or transactions set forth in this clause (B) shall not constitute an Additional Termination Event if (x) at least 90% of the consideration received or to be received by holders of the Shares, excluding cash payments for fractional Shares and cash payments made pursuant to dissenters’ appraisal rights, in connection with such transaction or transactions consists of shares of common stock that are listed or quoted on any of The New York Stock Exchange, The NASDAQ Global Select Market or The NASDAQ Global Market (or any of their respective successors) or will be so listed or quoted when issued or exchanged in connection with such transaction or transactions, and (y) as a result of such transaction or transactions, the Shares will consist of such consideration, excluding cash payments for fractional Shares and cash payments made pursuant to dissenters’ appraisal rights.	
 
 	(C)	[Reserved.]	
 
 	(D)	Default by Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries (as defined below) with respect to any mortgage, agreement or other instrument under which there may be outstanding, or by which there may be secured or evidenced, any indebtedness for money borrowed in excess of $35 million (or its foreign currency equivalent) in the aggregate of Company and/or any such subsidiary, whether such indebtedness now exists or shall hereafter be created (i) resulting in such indebtedness becoming or being declared due and payable or (ii) constituting a failure to pay the principal or interest of any such debt when due and payable at its stated maturity, upon required repurchase, upon declaration of acceleration or otherwise, if such default is not cured or waived, or such acceleration is not rescinded within 30 days after written notice to Company.	
A “ Significant Subsidiary ” is a subsidiary that is a “significant subsidiary” as defined under Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X under the Exchange Act.
 
 	(E)	[Reserved.]	
 
 	(F)	Dealer, despite using commercially reasonable efforts, is unable or reasonably determines, based on advice of counsel, that it is impractical or illegal, to hedge its exposure with respect to the Transaction in the public market without registration under the Securities Act or as a result of any legal, regulatory or self-regulatory requirements or related policies and procedures (whether or not such requirements, policies or procedures are imposed by law or have been voluntarily adopted by Dealer).	
 
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 	(G)	On any day during the period from and including the Trade Date, to and including the earlier of the Stockholder Approval Date and the final Expiration Date, (I) the Notional Unwind Shares (as defined below) as of such day exceeds a number of Shares equal to 75% of the Maximum Number of Shares, or (II) Company makes a public announcement of any transaction or event that, in the reasonable opinion of Dealer would, upon consummation of such transaction or upon the occurrence of such event, as applicable, and after giving effect to any applicable adjustments hereunder, cause the Notional Unwind Shares immediately following the consummation of such transaction or the occurrence of such event to exceed a number of Shares equal to 75% of the Maximum Number of Shares. The “ Notional Unwind Shares ” as of any day is a number of Shares equal to (1) the amount that would be payable pursuant to Section 6 of the Agreement (determined as of such day as if an Early Termination Date had been designated in respect of the Transaction and as if the Company were the sole Affected Party and the Transaction were the sole Affected Transaction), divided by (2) the Settlement Price (determined as if such day were a Valuation Date). “ Stockholder Approval Date ” means the first date on which (x) Shareholders of Company have approved an increase in the number of authorized but unissued Shares that are not reserved for other purposes sufficient for Company to issue and deliver upon exercise and settlement or termination of all Warrants evidenced hereby a number of Shares equal to two times the product of the Number of Warrants and the Warrant Entitlement (the “ Maximum Underlying Share Amount ”) and (y) Company has reserved for exercise and settlement or termination of all Warrants evidenced hereby a number of Shares equal to the Maximum Underlying Share Amount.	
 
 	(k)	Collateral and No Setoff . Notwithstanding any provision of the Agreement or any other agreement between the parties to the contrary, the obligations of Company hereunder are not secured by any collateral. Both parties waive any rights to set-off or netting, including in any bankruptcy proceedings of Company, amounts due either party with respect to any Transaction hereunder against amounts due to either party from the other party under any other agreement between the parties.	
 
 	(l)	Alternative Calculations and Payment on Early Termination and on Certain Extraordinary Events .	
 
 	(i)	If (a) an Early Termination Date (whether as a result of an Event of Default or a Termination Event) occurs or is designated with respect to the Transaction or (b) the Transaction is cancelled or terminated upon the occurrence of an Extraordinary Event (except as a result of (i) a Nationalization, Insolvency or Merger Event in which the consideration to be paid to holders of Shares consists solely of cash, (ii) a Merger Event or Tender Offer that is within Company’s control, or (iii) an Event of Default in which Company is the Defaulting Party or a Termination Event in which Company is the Affected Party other than an Event of Default of the type described in Section 5(a)(iii), (v), (vi), (vii) or (viii) of the Agreement or a Termination Event of the type described in Section 5(b) of the Agreement, in each case that resulted from an event or events outside Company’s control), and if Company would owe any amount to Dealer pursuant to Section 6(d)(ii) of the Agreement or any Cancellation Amount pursuant to Article 12 of the Equity Definitions (any such amount, a “ Payment Obligation ”), then Company shall satisfy the Payment Obligation by the Share Termination Alternative (as defined below), unless (a) Company gives irrevocable telephonic notice to Dealer, confirmed in writing within one Scheduled Trading Day, no later than 12:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Merger Date, Tender Offer Date, Announcement Date (in the case of a Nationalization, Insolvency or Delisting), Early Termination Date or date of cancellation, as applicable, of its election that the Share Termination Alternative shall not apply, (b) Company remakes the representation set forth in Section 8(g) as of the date of such election and (c) Dealer agrees, such agreement not to be unreasonably withheld, to such election, in which case the provisions of Section 12.7 or Section 12.9 of the Equity Definitions, or the provisions of Section 6(d)(ii) of the Agreement, as the case may be, shall apply.	

Share Termination Alternative:	  	If applicable, Company shall deliver to Dealer the Share Termination Delivery Property on the date (the “ Share Termination Payment Date ”) on which the Payment Obligation would otherwise be due pursuant to Section 12.7 or Section 12.9 of the Equity Definitions or Section 6(d)(ii) of the Agreement, as applicable, subject to Section 9(m)(i) below, in satisfaction, subject to Section 9(m)(ii) below, of the relevant Payment Obligation, in the manner reasonably requested by Dealer free of payment.	
 
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Share Termination Delivery Property:	  	A number of Share Termination Delivery Units, as calculated by the Calculation Agent, equal to the relevant Payment Obligation divided by the Share Termination Unit Price. The Calculation Agent shall adjust the amount of Share Termination Delivery Property by replacing any fractional portion of a security therein with an amount of cash equal to the value of such fractional security based on the values used to calculate the Share Termination Unit Price (without giving effect to any discount pursuant to Section 9(m)(i)).	
		
Share Termination Unit Price:	  	The value to Dealer of property contained in one Share Termination Delivery Unit on the date such Share Termination Delivery Units are to be delivered as Share Termination Delivery Property, as determined by the Calculation Agent in its discretion by commercially reasonable means. In the case of a Private Placement of Share Termination Delivery Units that are Restricted Shares (as defined below), as set forth in Section 9(m)(i) below, the Share Termination Unit Price shall be determined by the discounted price applicable to such Share Termination Delivery Units (with such price taking into account a commercially reasonable liquidity discount in the case where such securities are subject to restrictions under the Securities Act). In the case of a Registration Settlement of Share Termination Delivery Units that are Restricted Shares (as defined below) as set forth in Section 9(m)(ii) below, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Share Termination Unit Price shall be the Settlement Price on the Merger Date, Tender Offer Date, Announcement Date (in the case of a Nationalization, Insolvency or Delisting), Early Termination Date or date of cancellation, as applicable. The Calculation Agent shall notify Company of the Share Termination Unit Price at the time of notification of such Payment
Obligation to Company or, if applicable, at the time the discounted price applicable to the relevant Share Termination Units is determined pursuant to Section 9(m)(i).	
		
Share Termination Delivery Unit:	  	One Share or, if the Shares have changed into cash or any other property or the right to receive cash or any other property as the result of a Nationalization, Insolvency or Merger Event (any such cash or other property, the “ Exchange Property ”), a unit consisting of the type and amount of Exchange Property received by a holder of one Share (without consideration of any requirement to pay cash or other consideration in lieu of fractional amounts of any securities) in such Nationalization, Insolvency or Merger Event. If such Nationalization, Insolvency or Merger Event involves a choice of Exchange Property to be received by holders, such holder shall be deemed to have elected to receive the maximum possible amount of cash.	
 
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Failure to Deliver:	  	Inapplicable	
		
Other applicable provisions:	  	If Share Termination Alternative is applicable, the provisions of Sections 9.8, 9.9, 9.11 and 9.12 (as modified above) of the Equity Definitions will be applicable, except that all references in such provisions to “Physically-settled” shall be read as references to “Share Termination Settled” and all references to “Shares” shall be read as references to “Share Termination Delivery Units”. “Share Termination Settled” in relation to the Transaction means that the Share Termination Alternative is applicable to the Transaction.	
 
 	(ii)	Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Confirmation, any Payment Obligation under this Confirmation shall, for all purposes, be calculated as if the Maximum Number of Shares were equal to two times the product of the Number of Warrants and the Warrant Entitlement, but any deliveries under Section 9(l)(i) shall be limited to the Maximum Number of Shares as defined in Section 9(r)(i) hereof.	
 
 	(m)	Registration/Private Placement Procedures . If, in the reasonable opinion of Dealer, following any delivery of Shares or Share Termination Delivery Property to Dealer hereunder, such Shares or Share Termination Delivery Property would be in the hands of Dealer subject to any applicable restrictions with respect to any registration or qualification requirement or prospectus delivery requirement for such Shares or Share Termination Delivery Property pursuant to any applicable federal or state securities law (including, without limitation, any such requirement arising under Section 5 of the Securities Act as a result of such Shares or Share Termination Delivery Property being “restricted securities”, as such term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act, or as a result of the sale of such Shares or Share Termination Delivery Property being subject to paragraph (c) of Rule 145 under the Securities Act) (such Shares or Share Termination Delivery Property, “ Restricted Shares ”), then delivery of such Restricted Shares shall be effected pursuant to either clause (i) or (ii) below at the election of Company, unless Dealer waives the need for registration/private placement procedures set forth in (i) and (ii) below. Notwithstanding the foregoing, solely in respect of any Daily Number of Warrants exercised or deemed exercised on any Expiration Date, if Dealer notifies Company of the need for registration or private placement procedures set forth in this Section 9(m), then Company shall elect, prior to the later of (x) the first Settlement Date for the first applicable Expiration Date and (y) the third Scheduled Trading Day following the date of such notification, a Private Placement Settlement or Registration Settlement for all deliveries of Restricted Shares for all such Expiration Dates which election shall be applicable to all remaining Settlement Dates for such Warrants and the procedures in clause (i) or clause (ii) below shall apply for all such delivered Restricted Shares on an aggregate basis commencing after the final Settlement Date for such Warrants. The Calculation Agent shall make reasonable adjustments to settlement terms and provisions under this Confirmation to reflect a single Private Placement or Registration Settlement for such aggregate Restricted Shares delivered hereunder.	
 
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 	(i)	If Company elects to settle the Transaction pursuant to this clause (i) (a “ Private Placement Settlement ”), then delivery of Restricted Shares by Company shall be effected in accordance with private placement procedures with respect to such Restricted Shares customary for private placements of equity securities of substantially similar size reasonably acceptable to Dealer; provided that Company may not elect a Private Placement Settlement if, on the date of its election, it has taken, or caused to be taken, any action that would make unavailable either the exemption pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act for the sale by Company to Dealer (or any affiliate designated by Dealer) of the Restricted Shares or the exemption pursuant to Section 4(a)(1) or Section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act for resales of the Restricted Shares by Dealer (or any such affiliate of Dealer). The Private Placement Settlement of such Restricted Shares shall include customary representations, covenants, blue sky and other governmental filings and/or registrations, indemnities to Dealer, due diligence rights (for Dealer or any designated buyer of the Restricted Shares by Dealer), opinions and certificates, and such other documentation as is customary for private placement agreements of equity securities of a substantially similar size, all reasonably acceptable to Dealer. In the case of a Private Placement Settlement, Dealer shall determine the appropriate discount to the Share Termination Unit Price (in the case of settlement of Share Termination Delivery Units pursuant to Section 9(l) above) or premium to any Settlement Price (in the case of settlement of Shares pursuant to Section 2 above) applicable to such Restricted Shares in a commercially reasonable manner and appropriately adjust the number of such Restricted Shares to be delivered to Dealer hereunder. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Agreement or this Confirmation, the date of delivery of such Restricted Shares shall be the Exchange Business Day following notice by Dealer to Company of such applicable discount or premium, as the case may be, and the number of Restricted Shares to be delivered pursuant to this clause (i). For the avoidance of doubt, delivery of Restricted Shares shall be due as set forth in the previous sentence and not be due on the Share Termination Payment Date (in the case of settlement of Share Termination Delivery Units pursuant to Section 9(l) above) or on the Settlement Date for such Restricted Shares (in the case of settlement in Shares pursuant to Section 2 above).	
 
 	(ii)	If Company elects to settle the Transaction pursuant to this clause (ii) (a “ Registration Settlement ”), then Company shall promptly (but in any event no later than the beginning of the Resale Period) file and use its reasonable best efforts to make effective under the Securities Act a registration statement or supplement or amend an outstanding registration statement in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Dealer, to cover the resale of such Restricted Shares in accordance with customary resale registration procedures for registered secondary offerings of a substantially similar size, including covenants, conditions, representations, underwriting discounts (if applicable), commissions (if applicable), indemnities due diligence rights, opinions and certificates, and such other documentation as is customary for equity resale underwriting agreements for registered secondary offerings of a substantially similar size, all reasonably acceptable to Dealer. If Dealer, in its sole reasonable discretion, is not satisfied with such procedures and documentation Private Placement Settlement shall apply. If Dealer is satisfied with such procedures and documentation, it shall sell the Restricted Shares pursuant to such registration statement during a period (the “ Resale Period ”) commencing on the Exchange Business Day following delivery of such Restricted Shares (which, for the avoidance of doubt, shall be (x) the Share Termination Payment Date in case of settlement in Share Termination Delivery Units pursuant to Section 9(l) above or (y) the Settlement Date in respect of the final Expiration Date for all Daily Number of Warrants) and ending on the Exchange Business Day on which Dealer completes the sale of all Restricted Shares or, in the case of settlement of Share Termination Delivery Units, a sufficient number of Restricted Shares so that the realized net proceeds of such sales equals or exceeds the Payment Obligation (as defined above). If the Payment Obligation exceeds the realized net proceeds from such resale, Company shall transfer to Dealer by the open of the regular trading session on the Exchange on the Exchange Trading Day immediately following such resale the amount of such excess (the “ Additional Amount ”) in cash or in a number of Shares (“ Make-whole Shares ”) in an amount that, based on the Settlement Price on such day (as if such day was the “Valuation Date” for purposes of computing such Settlement Price), has a dollar value equal to the Additional Amount. The Resale Period shall continue to enable the sale of the Make-whole Shares. If Company elects to pay the Additional Amount in Shares, the requirements and provisions for Registration Settlement shall apply. This provision shall be applied successively until the Additional Amount is equal to zero. In no event shall Company deliver a number of Restricted Shares greater than the Maximum Number of Shares.	
 
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 	(iii)	Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Company agrees that (A) any Restricted Shares delivered to Dealer may be transferred by and among Dealer and its affiliates and Company shall effect such transfer without any further action by Dealer and (B) after the period of 6 months from the Trade Date (or 1 year from the Trade Date if, at such time, informational requirements of Rule 144(c) under the Securities Act are not satisfied with respect to Company) has elapsed in respect of any Restricted Shares delivered to Dealer, Company shall promptly remove, or cause the transfer agent for such Restricted Shares to remove, any legends referring to any such restrictions or requirements from such Restricted Shares upon request by Dealer (or such affiliate of Dealer) to Company or such transfer agent, without any requirement for the delivery of any certificate, consent, agreement, opinion of counsel, notice or any other document, any transfer tax stamps or payment of any other amount or any other action by Dealer (or such affiliate of Dealer). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, to the extent the provisions of Rule 144 of the Securities Act or any successor rule are amended, or the applicable interpretation thereof by the Securities and Exchange Commission or any court change after the Trade Date, the agreements of Company herein shall be deemed modified to the extent necessary, in the opinion of outside counsel of Company, to comply with Rule 144 of the Securities Act, as in effect at the time of delivery of the relevant Shares or Share Termination Delivery Property.	
 
 	(iv)	If the Private Placement Settlement or the Registration Settlement shall not be effected as set forth in clauses (i) or (ii), as applicable, then failure to effect such Private Placement Settlement or such Registration Settlement shall constitute an Event of Default with respect to which Company shall be the Defaulting Party.	
 
 	(n)	Limit on Beneficial Ownership . Notwithstanding any other provisions hereof, Dealer may not exercise any Warrant hereunder or be entitled to take delivery of any Shares deliverable hereunder, and Automatic Exercise shall not apply with respect to any Warrant hereunder, to the extent (but only to the extent) that, after such receipt of any Shares upon the exercise of such Warrant or otherwise hereunder, (i) the Section 16 Percentage would exceed 8.5%, or (ii) the Share Amount would exceed the Applicable Share Limit. Any purported delivery hereunder shall be void and have no effect to the extent (but only to the extent) that, after such delivery, (i) the Section 16 Percentage would exceed 8.5%, or (ii) the Share Amount would exceed the Applicable Share Limit. If any delivery owed to Dealer hereunder is not made, in whole or in part, as a result of this provision, Company’s obligation to make such delivery shall not be extinguished and Company shall make such delivery as promptly as practicable after, but in no event later than one Business Day after, Dealer gives notice to Company that, after such delivery, (i) the Section 16 Percentage would not exceed 8.5%, and (ii) the Share Amount would not exceed the Applicable Share Limit.	
 
 	(o)	Share Deliveries . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, Company agrees that any delivery of Shares or Share Termination Delivery Property shall be effected by book-entry transfer through the facilities of DTC, or any successor depositary, if at the time of delivery, such class of Shares or class of Share Termination Delivery Property is in book-entry form at DTC or such successor depositary.	
 
 	(p)	Waiver of Jury Trial. Each party waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any right it may have to a trial by jury in respect of any suit, action or proceeding relating to the Transaction. Each party (i) certifies that no representative, agent or attorney of the other party has represented, expressly or otherwise, that such other party would not, in the event of such a suit, action or proceeding, seek to enforce the foregoing waiver and (ii) acknowledges that it and the other party have been induced to enter into the Transaction, as applicable, by, among other things, the mutual waivers and certifications provided herein.	
 
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 	(q)	Tax Disclosure. Effective from the date of commencement of discussions concerning the Transaction, Company and each of its employees, representatives, or other agents may disclose to any and all persons, without limitation of any kind, the tax treatment and tax structure of the Transaction and all materials of any kind (including opinions or other tax analyses) that are provided to Company relating to such tax treatment and tax structure.	
 
 	(r)	Maximum Share Delivery .	
 
 	(i)	Notwithstanding any other provision of this Confirmation, the Agreement or the Equity Definitions, in no event will Company at any time be required to deliver a number of Shares greater than the Maximum Number of Shares to Dealer in connection with the Transaction, subject to the provisions regarding Deficit Shares in Section 9(r)(ii). “ Maximum Number of Shares ” means (x) prior to the Stockholder Approval Date, 10,544,266 and (y) from and after the Stockholder Approval Date, a number of Shares equal to two times the product of the Number of Warrants and the Warrant Entitlement.	
 
 	(ii)	In the event Company shall not have delivered to Dealer the full number of Shares or Restricted Shares otherwise deliverable by Company to Dealer pursuant to the terms of the Transaction because Company has insufficient authorized but unissued Shares that are not reserved for other transactions (such deficit, the “ Deficit Shares ”), Company shall be continually obligated to deliver, from time to time, Shares or Restricted Shares, as the case may be, to Dealer until the full number of Deficit Shares have been delivered pursuant to this Section 9(r)(ii), when, and to the extent that, (A) Shares are repurchased, acquired or otherwise received by Company or any of its subsidiaries after the Trade Date (whether or not in exchange for cash, fair value or any other consideration), (B) authorized and unissued Shares previously reserved for issuance in respect of other transactions become no longer so reserved or (C) Company additionally authorizes any unissued Shares that are not reserved for other transactions; provided that in no event shall Company deliver any Shares or Restricted Shares to Dealer pursuant to this Section 9(r)(ii) to the extent that such delivery would cause the aggregate number of Shares and Restricted Shares delivered to Dealer to exceed the Maximum Number of Shares. Company shall immediately notify Dealer of the occurrence of any of the foregoing events (including the number of Shares subject to clause (A), (B) or (C) and the corresponding number of Shares or Restricted Shares, as the case may be, to be delivered) and promptly deliver such Shares or Restricted Shares, as the case may be, thereafter.	
 
 	(s)	Right to Extend. Dealer may postpone or add, in whole or in part, any Expiration Date or any other date of valuation or delivery with respect to some or all of the relevant Warrants (in which event the Calculation Agent shall make appropriate adjustments to the Daily Number of Warrants with respect to one or more Expiration Dates) if Dealer determines, based on the advice of counsel, that such extension is reasonably necessary or appropriate to preserve Dealer’s hedging or hedge unwind activity hereunder in light of existing liquidity conditions that are materially different from those in existence as of the Trade Date or to enable Dealer to effect purchases of Shares in connection with its hedging, hedge unwind or settlement activity hereunder in a manner that would, if Dealer were Issuer or an affiliated purchaser of Issuer, be in compliance with applicable legal, regulatory or self-regulatory requirements, or with related policies and procedures applicable to Dealer; provided that no such Exchange Business Day or other date of valuation, payment or delivery may be postponed or added more than 50 Exchange Business Days after the original Exchange Business Day or other date of valuation, payment or delivery, as the case may be.	
 
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 	(t)	Status of Claims in Bankruptcy. Dealer acknowledges and agrees that this Confirmation is not intended to convey to Dealer rights against Company with respect to the Transaction that are senior to the claims of common stockholders of Company in any United States bankruptcy proceedings of Company; provided that nothing herein shall limit or shall be deemed to limit Dealer’s right to pursue remedies in the event of a breach by Company of its obligations and agreements with respect to the Transaction; provided , further , that nothing herein shall limit or shall be deemed to limit Dealer’s rights in respect of any transactions other than the Transaction.	
 
 	(u)	Securities Contract; Swap Agreement. The parties hereto intend for (i) the Transaction to be a “securities contract” and a “swap agreement” as defined in the Bankruptcy Code (Title 11 of the United States Code) (the “ Bankruptcy Code ”), and the parties hereto to be entitled to the protections afforded by, among other Sections, Sections 362(b)(6), 362(b)(17), 546(e), 546(g), 555 and 560 of the Bankruptcy Code, (ii) a party’s right to liquidate the Transaction and to exercise any other remedies upon the occurrence of any Event of Default under the Agreement with respect to the other party to constitute a “contractual right” as described in the Bankruptcy Code, and (iii) each payment and delivery of cash, securities or other property hereunder to constitute a “margin payment” or “settlement payment” and a “transfer” as defined in the Bankruptcy Code.	
 
 	(v)	Wall Street Transparency and Accountability Act . In connection with Section 739 of the Wall Street Transparency and Accountability Act of 2010 (“ WSTAA ”), the parties hereby agree that neither the enactment of WSTAA or any regulation under the WSTAA, nor any requirement under WSTAA or an amendment made by WSTAA, shall limit or otherwise impair either party’s otherwise applicable rights to terminate, renegotiate, modify, amend or supplement this Confirmation or the Agreement, as applicable, arising from a termination event, force majeure, illegality, increased costs, regulatory change or similar event under this Confirmation, the Equity Definitions incorporated herein, or the Agreement (including, but not limited to, rights arising from Change in Law, Hedging Disruption, Increased Cost of Hedging, an Excess Ownership Position, or Illegality (as defined in the Agreement)).	
 
 	(w)	Agreements and Acknowledgements Regarding Hedging . Company understands, acknowledges and agrees that: (A) at any time on and prior to the last Expiration Date, Dealer and its affiliates may buy or sell Shares or other securities or buy or sell options or futures contracts or enter into swaps or other derivative securities in order to adjust its hedge position with respect to the Transaction; (B) Dealer and its affiliates also may be active in the market for Shares other than in connection with hedging activities in relation to the Transaction; (C) Dealer shall make its own determination as to whether, when or in what manner any hedging or market activities in securities of Issuer shall be conducted and shall do so in a manner that it deems appropriate to hedge its price and market risk with respect to the Settlement Prices; and (D) any market activities of Dealer and its affiliates with respect to Shares may affect the market price and volatility of Shares, as well as the Settlement Prices, each in a manner that may be adverse to Company.	
 
 	(x)	Early Unwind . In the event the sale of the “Underwritten Securities” (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) is not consummated with the Initial Purchasers for any reason, or Company fails to deliver to Dealer opinions of counsel as required pursuant to Section 9(a), in each case by 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Premium Payment Date, or such later date as agreed upon by the parties (the Premium Payment Date or such later date the “ Early Unwind Date ”),the Transaction shall automatically terminate (the “ Early Unwind ”),on the Early Unwind Date and (i) the Transaction and all of the respective rights and obligations of Dealer and Company under the Transaction shall be cancelled and terminated and (ii) each party shall be released and discharged by the other party from and agrees not to make any claim against the other party with respect to any obligations or liabilities of the other party arising out of and to be performed in connection with the Transaction either prior to or after the Early Unwind Date. Each of Dealer and Company represents and acknowledges to the other that, upon an Early Unwind, all obligations with respect to the Transaction shall be deemed fully and finally discharged.	
 
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 	(y)	Payment by Dealer . In the event that (i) an Early Termination Date occurs or is designated with respect to the Transaction as a result of a Termination Event or an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default arising under Section 5(a)(ii) or 5(a)(iv) of the Agreement) and, as a result, Dealer owes to Company an amount calculated under Section 6(e) of the Agreement, or (ii) Dealer owes to Company, pursuant to Section 12.7 or Section 12.9 of the Equity Definitions, an amount calculated under Section 12.8 of the Equity Definitions, such amount shall be deemed to be zero.	
 
 	(z)	Listing of Warrant Shares . Company shall have submitted an application for the listing of the Warrant Shares on the Exchange, and such application and listing shall have been approved by the Exchange, subject only to official notice of issuance, in each case, on or prior to the Premium Payment Date. Company agrees and acknowledges that such submission and approval shall be a condition precedent for the purpose of Section 2(a)(iii) of the Agreement with respect to each obligation of Dealer under Section 2(a)(i) of the Agreement.	
 
 	(aa)	Redomicile Transaction . Company shall not enter into or consummate any Redomicile Transaction unless:	
 
 	(i)	Company will be a corporation incorporated under the laws of the United States or any state thereof and a wholly-owned direct or indirect subsidiary of a successor Issuer immediately following such Redomicile Transaction, such successor Issuer fully and unconditionally guarantees the obligations of Company under this Confirmation (the “ Guaranteed Obligations ”) and repeats to Dealer immediately following such Redomicile Transaction the representations and warranties set forth in Sections 8(a), 8(b), 8(c) and 8(d) of this Confirmation (as if references therein to (w) “Transaction” were replaced with “guarantee of the Guaranteed Obligations”, (x) “Company” were replaced with “Issuer”, (y) “Confirmation” were replaced with “guarantee of the Guaranteed Obligations” and (z) “any agreement or instrument filed as an exhibit to Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, as updated by any subsequent filings” in Section 8(b) were replaced with “any agreement or instrument to which Issuer or its subsidiaries is a party or to which Issuer or any of its subsidiaries is subject”); or	
 
 	(ii)	the successor Issuer immediately following such Redomicile Transaction assumes Company’s rights and obligations hereunder, becoming “Company” for all purposes hereunder, and such successor Company immediately following such Redomicile Transaction repeats to Dealer immediately following such Redomicile Transaction the representations and warranties set forth in Sections 8(a), 8(b), 8(c) and 8(d) of this Confirmation (as if references therein to (w) “execute, deliver” were replaced with “assume”, (x) “execution, delivery” and “execution and delivery” were replaced with “assumption”, (y) “executed and delivered” were replaced with “assumed” and (z) “any agreement or instrument filed as an exhibit to Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, as updated by any subsequent filings” in Section 8(b) were replaced with “any agreement or instrument to which Company or its subsidiaries is a party or to which Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject”).	
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Confirmation, following consummation of any Redomicile Transaction pursuant to which Issuer following such Redomicile Transaction is organized under the laws of a jurisdiction other than the Islands of Bermuda, the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg, the Republic of Ireland, Canada or the United Kingdom, then such Redomicile Transaction shall constitute an Additional Termination Event applicable to the Transaction and, with respect to such Additional Termination Event, (A) Company shall be deemed to be the sole Affected Party, (B) the Transaction shall be the sole Affected Transaction and (C) Dealer shall be the party entitled to designate an Early Termination Date pursuant to Section 6(b) of the Agreement.
 
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If, at any time following the occurrence of any Redomicile Transaction, Dealer reasonably determines in its good faith judgment, following consultation with Company for a period of at least five Scheduled Trading Days (such consultation period, the “ Redomicile Event Consultation Period ”) that (i) (x) such Redomicile Transaction has had a material adverse effect on Dealer’s rights and obligations under the Transaction or (y) Dealer would incur an increased (as compared with circumstances existing on the Trade Date) amount of tax, duty, expense or fee to (1) acquire, establish, re-establish, substitute, maintain, unwind or dispose of any transaction(s) or asset(s) it deems necessary to hedge the economic risk of entering into and performing its obligations with respect to the Transaction, or (2) realize, recover or remit the proceeds of any such transaction(s) or asset(s) and (ii) Dealer cannot promptly avoid the occurrence of each such material adverse effect or increased tax, duty, expense or fee by (x) transferring or assigning Dealer’s rights and obligations under this Confirmation and the Agreement without Company’s consent pursuant to Section to an affiliate of Dealer that would not suffer any such material adverse effect or increased tax, duty, expense or fee (it being understood that Dealer need not take any action that does not meet the Avoidance Criteria), (y) using commercially reasonable efforts to avoid such material adverse effect or increased tax, duty, expense or fee (it being understood that Dealer need not take any action that does not meet the Avoidance Criteria) or (z) amending the terms of this Confirmation (whether because amendments would not avoid such occurrence or because Company fails to agree promptly to such amendments) (it being understood, for the avoidance of doubt, that an event described in clause (i)(x) or clause (i)(y) above for which Dealer can avoid the occurrence of the relevant material adverse effect or increased tax, duty, expense or fee after giving effect to the related Price Adjustment referred to below shall be a Redomicile Event notwithstanding this clause (ii)(z)) (each of the events described in clause (i)(x) and clause (i)(y) above that also satisfies the conditions set forth in clause (ii) above, a “ Redomicile Event ”), then, in either case, Dealer shall give prompt notice to Company of such Redomicile Event.
“ Avoidance Criteria ” means with respect to an action by a party, as determined by the Calculation Agent in good faith, that (i) such action is legal (and, in the case of a Change in Law, in the reasonable judgment of Dealer is within the intent of the law or regulation that is the subject of the Change in Law) and complies with all applicable regulations, rules (including by self-regulatory organizations) and policies (whether written or oral) including policies of such party, (ii) such action would not cause or, in the judgment of Dealer, would not create a material risk of causing, an Additional Disruption Event (ignoring, for this purpose, any requirement to avoid such Additional Disruption Event as set forth herein), (iii) if such party or an affiliate is to establish one or more alternative Hedge Positions, there is sufficient liquidity in those alternative Hedge Positions available for that Hedging Party to hedge the Transaction and all other transactions into which that party has entered and for which that party determines that it needs to utilize those alternative Hedge Positions, (iv) such action is known by that party or known by other financial institutions that are leading derivatives dealers that are generally willing to enter into transactions similar to the Transaction; (v) by taking such action, such party would not incur, or there would not be a material risk that such party would incur, any one or more of an increased operational or administrative burden or expense, increased performance cost, increased hedging cost or increased capital charges (in each case as compared to circumstances on the Trade Date), (vi) such action would not require such party to (A) enter into arrangements with a counterparty, custodian, depositary and/or other third party that has no existing business relationship with that party in relation to positions, contracts, instruments, transactions, or other arrangements similar in type to such action or (B) exceed, individually or together with any other positions, contracts, transactions, instruments or other arrangements into which such party has entered (individually or on a portfolio basis), investment quotas, position limits, investment level restrictions, internal client limits, credit limits or risk-based requirements of such party, in each case, existing as of the Trade Date and regardless of whether imposed by law, governmental authority or regulation, and (vii) by taking such action, it would not be necessary for that party to make any filing or submission to any government or regulatory authority (including a taxing authority) and (viii) as applied to an avoidance of an Excess Ownership Position, such action does not cause, or would not create a material risk of causing, an interference or disruption to such party’s normal business practice or client service including, without limitation, market-making, trust or custody service.
 
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Concurrently with delivering such notice, Dealer shall give notice to Company of a commercially reasonable Price Adjustment that Dealer determines, in its good faith, commercially reasonable judgment, appropriate to account for the economic effect on the Transaction of such Redomicile Event and provide Company with supporting documentation for such Price Adjustment (unless Dealer determines in its good faith, commercially reasonable judgment that no Price Adjustment will produce a commercially reasonable result, in which case Dealer shall so notify Company). Unless Dealer determines in its good faith, commercially reasonable judgment that no Price Adjustment will produce a commercially reasonable result, within two Scheduled Trading Days of receipt of such notice, Company shall notify Dealer that it elects to (A) agree to amend the Transaction to take into account such Price Adjustment or (B) pay Dealer an amount determined by Dealer (and in respect of which Dealer has provided to Company supporting documentation) that corresponds to such Price Adjustment (and, in each case, Company shall be deemed to have repeated the representation set forth in Section 8(g) of this Confirmation as of the date of such election). If Company fails to give such notice to Dealer of its election by the end of that second Scheduled Trading Day, or if Dealer determines in its good faith, commercially reasonable judgment that no Price Adjustment will produce a commercially reasonable result, then such failure or such determination, as the case may be, shall constitute an Additional Termination Event applicable to the Transaction and, with respect to such Additional Termination Event, (1) Company shall be deemed to be the sole Affected Party, (2) the Transaction shall be the sole Affected Transaction and (3) Dealer shall be the party entitled to designate an Early Termination Date pursuant to Section 6(b) of the Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, the parties hereto agree and acknowledge that the occurrence of a Redomicile Event shall not preclude the occurrence of one or more additional, subsequent Redomicile Events, it being understood and agreed that any Price Adjustment described in clause (A) above and/or any payment described in clause (B) above shall be calculated without duplication in respect of any prior such Price Adjustment and/or payment. For purposes of the foregoing, Dealer will be deemed to have not determined that no Price Adjustment will produce a commercially reasonable result unless Dealer has consulted with Company regarding such Price Adjustment determination for a period of at least five Scheduled Trading Days (it being understood that such consultation period may run concurrently with the Redomicile Event Consultation Period for the related Redomicile Event if Company receives notice of such Price Adjustment determination prior to the start of such Redomicile Event Consultation Period).
 
 	(bb)	FATCA and Dividend Equivalent Tax . “Indemnifiable Tax” as defined in Section 14 of the Agreement shall not include (i) any tax imposed or collected pursuant to Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code, any current or future regulations or official interpretations thereof, any agreement entered into pursuant to Section 1471(b) of the Code, or any fiscal or regulatory legislation, rules or practices adopted pursuant to any intergovernmental agreement entered into in connection with the implementation of such Sections of the Code (a “ FATCA Withholding Tax ”) or (ii) any tax imposed on amounts treated as dividends from sources within the United States under Section 871(m) of the Code (or the United States Treasury Regulations or other guidance issued thereunder). For the avoidance of doubt, a FATCA Withholding Tax is a Tax the deduction or withholding of which is required by applicable law for the purposes of Section 2(d) of the Agreement.	
 
 	(cc)	U.S. Federal Withholding Tax. If Dealer transfers or assigns all or any part of its rights and obligations under the Transaction without the Company’s consent to a transferee that (1) is not a United States person (as defined in the Code) and (2) does not provide a W-8ECI, the term “Indemnifiable Tax” as defined in Section 14 of the Agreement shall not include any U.S. federal withholding tax including, but not limited to (i) any FATCA Withholding Tax, (ii) any tax imposed on amounts treated as dividends from sources within the United States under Section 871(m) of the Code (or the United States Treasury Regulations or other guidance issued thereunder), or (iii) any tax imposed on amounts treated as distributions of property under Section 305 of the Code (or the United States Treasury Regulations or other guidance issued thereunder), and if, at any time, Company is required to remit an amount of tax in respect of any such U.S. federal withholding tax including, but not limited to any tax described under (i) through (iii) with respect to a payment (or deemed payment or deemed distribution) under the Transaction, then without duplication for any amount that Company has deducted on account of such tax from any amount paid to such transferee pursuant to the Transaction, the amount so required to be remitted shall be payable by such transferee to Company within 10 business days of written demand by the Company. For the avoidance of doubt, a FATCA Withholding Tax is a Tax the deduction or withholding of which is required by applicable law for the purposes of Section 2(d) of the Agreement.	
 
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 	(dd)	Part 2(b) of the ISDA Schedule – Payee Representation .	
 
 	(i)	For the purpose of Section 3(f) of this Agreement, Company makes the following representation to Dealer:	
Company is a corporation established under the laws of the State of Delaware and is a “United States person” (as that term is defined in Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code).
 
 	(ii)	For the purpose of Section 3(f) of this Agreement, Dealer makes the following representation to Company:	
Each payment received or to be received by it in connection with this Agreement is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business by Dealer within the United States; and
It is a “foreign person” (as that term is used in Section 1.6041-4(a)(4) of the United States Treasury Regulations) for United States federal income tax purposes.
 
 	(ee)	Part 3(a) of the ISDA Schedule – Tax Forms :	

Party Required to
Deliver Document	  	Form/Document/Certificate	  	Date by which to be Delivered	
Company	  	A complete and duly executed United States Internal Revenue Service Form W-9 (or successor thereto.)	  	(i) Upon execution and delivery of this Agreement; (ii) promptly upon reasonable demand by Dealer; and (iii) promptly upon learning that any such Form previously provided by Company has become obsolete or incorrect.	
			
Dealer	  	A complete and duly executed United States Internal Revenue Service Form W-8ECI (or successor thereto)	  	(i) Upon execution and delivery of this Agreement; (ii) promptly upon reasonable demand by Company; and (iii) promptly upon learning that any such Form previously provided by Dealer has become obsolete or incorrect.	
 
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Please confirm that the foregoing correctly sets forth the terms of our agreement by executing this Confirmation and returning it to Dealer.
                                     Very truly yours,

ROYAL BANK OF CANADA
by its agent
RBC Capital Markets, LLC	
		
By:	 	s/ Dawn T. Laabs	
Authorized Signatory	
Name:	

Accepted and confirmed
as of the Trade Date:	
	
IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.	
		
By:	 	s/ Bryan Reasons	
Authorized Signatory	
Name:	

Exhibit 10.16

	  		  	
 
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
3 World Financial Center
200 Vesey Street
New York, New York 10281
Telephone: (212) 858-7000
 
June 25, 2015	
 
To:	Impax Laboratories, Inc.	
30831 Huntwood Avenue
Hayward, CA 94544
Attention:         Mark Schlossberg, SVP & General Counsel
Telephone No.: (510) 240-6000
Facsimile No.:   (510) 240-6096
 
Re:	Base Call Option Transaction	
The purpose of this letter agreement (this “ Confirmation ”) is to confirm the terms and conditions of the call option transaction entered into between Royal Bank of Canada (“ Dealer ”) and Impax Laboratories, Inc. (“ Counterparty ”) as of the Trade Date specified below (the “ Transaction ”). This letter agreement constitutes a “Confirmation” as referred to in the ISDA Master Agreement specified below. This Confirmation shall replace any previous agreements and serve as the final documentation for the Transaction.
The definitions and provisions contained in the 2002 ISDA Equity Derivatives Definitions (the “ Equity Definitions ”), as published by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. (“ ISDA ”) are incorporated into this Confirmation. In the event of any inconsistency between the Equity Definitions and this Confirmation, this Confirmation shall govern. Certain defined terms used herein are based on terms that are defined in the Offering Memorandum dated June 25, 2015 (the “ Offering Memorandum ”) relating to the 2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022 (as originally issued by Counterparty, the “ Convertible Notes ” and each USD 1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, a “ Convertible Note ”) issued by Counterparty in an aggregate initial principal amount of USD 500,000,000 (as increased by up to an aggregate principal amount of USD 100,000,000 if and to the extent that the Initial Purchasers (as defined herein) exercise their option to purchase additional Convertible Notes pursuant to the Purchase Agreement (as defined herein)) pursuant to an Indenture to be dated June 30, 2015 between Counterparty and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “ Indenture ”). In the event of any inconsistency between the terms defined in the Offering Memorandum, the Indenture and this Confirmation, this Confirmation shall govern. The parties acknowledge that this Confirmation is entered into on the date hereof with the understanding that (i) definitions set forth in the Indenture which are also defined herein by reference to the Indenture and (ii) sections of the Indenture that are referred to herein will conform to the descriptions thereof in the Offering Memorandum. If any such definitions in the Indenture or any such sections of the Indenture differ from the descriptions thereof in the Offering Memorandum, the descriptions thereof in the Offering Memorandum will govern for purposes of this Confirmation. The parties further acknowledge that the Indenture section numbers used herein are based on the draft of the Indenture last reviewed by Dealer as of the date of this Confirmation, and if any such section numbers are changed in the Indenture as executed, the parties will amend this Confirmation in good faith to preserve the intent of the parties. Subject to the foregoing, references to the Indenture herein are references to the Indenture as in effect on the date of its execution, and if the Indenture is amended or supplemented following such date (other than any amendment or supplement (x) pursuant to Section 10.01(m) of the Indenture that, as determined by the Calculation Agent, conforms the Indenture to the description of Convertible Notes in the Offering Memorandum or (y) pursuant to Section 14.07 of the Indenture, subject, in the case of this clause (y), to the second paragraph under “Method of Adjustment” in Section 3), any such amendment or supplement will be disregarded for purposes of this Confirmation unless the parties agree otherwise in writing.
Each party is hereby advised, and each such party acknowledges, that the other party has engaged in, or refrained from engaging in, substantial financial transactions and has taken other material actions in reliance upon the parties’ entry into the Transaction to which this Confirmation relates on the terms and conditions set forth below.

1. This Confirmation evidences a complete and binding agreement between Dealer and Counterparty as to the terms of the Transaction to which this Confirmation relates. This Confirmation shall supplement, form a part of, and be subject to an agreement in the form of the 2002 ISDA Master Agreement (the “ Agreement ”) as if Dealer and Counterparty had executed an agreement in such form (but without any Schedule except for (i) the election of the laws of the State of New York as the governing law (without reference to choice of law doctrine); and (ii) the election that the “Cross Default” provisions of Section 5(a)(vi) of the Agreement will apply to Dealer as if (a) the phrase “, or becoming capable at such time of being declared,” were deleted from Section 5(a)(vi)(1) of the Agreement, (b) the “Threshold Amount” with respect to Dealer were three percent (3%) of shareholders’ equity of Dealer as of the Trade Date, (c) the following language were added to the end of Section 5(a)(vi): “Notwithstanding the foregoing, a default under subsection (2) hereof shall not constitute an Event of Default if (x) the default was caused solely by error or omission of an administrative or operational nature; (y) funds were available to enable the party to make the payment when due; and (z) the payment is made within two Local Business Days of such party’s receipt of written notice of its failure to pay.”; and (d) the term “Specified Indebtedness” had meaning specified in Section 14 of the Agreement, except that such term shall not include obligations in respect of deposits received in the ordinary course of Dealer’s banking business) on the Trade Date. In the event of any inconsistency between provisions of the Agreement and this Confirmation, this Confirmation will prevail for the purpose of the Transaction to which this Confirmation relates. The parties hereby agree that no transaction other than the Transaction to which this Confirmation relates shall be governed by the Agreement.
2. The terms of the particular Transaction to which this Confirmation relates are as follows:

	  	General Terms.	  		
			
	  	Trade Date:	  	June 25, 2015	
			
	  	Effective Date:	  	The Trade Date	
			
	  	Option Style:	  	“Modified American”, as described under “Procedures for Exercise” below	
			
	  	Option Type:	  	Call	
			
	  	Buyer:	  	Counterparty	
			
	  	Seller:	  	Dealer	
			
	  	Shares:	  	The common stock of Counterparty, par value USD 0.01 per share (Exchange symbol “IPXL”).	
			
	  	Number of Options:	  	500,000. For the avoidance of doubt, the Number of Options shall be reduced by any Options exercised by Counterparty. In no event will the Number of Options be less than zero.	
			
	  	Option Entitlement:	  	15.7858	
			
	  	Strike Price:	  	USD 63.35	
			
	  	Premium:	  	USD 122,500,000.00	
			
	  	Premium Payment Date:	  	The closing date of the initial issuance of the Convertible Notes	
			
	  	Exchange:	  	The NASDAQ Global Market	
			
	  	Related Exchange(s):	  	All Exchanges	
			
	  	Excluded Provisions:	  	Section 14.04(i) and Section 14.03 of the Indenture.	
 
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	 	Procedures for Exercise.	  		
			
	 	Conversion Date:	  	With respect to any conversion of a Convertible Note, the date on which the Holder (as such term is defined in the Indenture) of such Convertible Note satisfies all of the requirements for conversion thereof as set forth in Section 14.02(b) of the Indenture.	
			
	 	Free Convertibility Date:	  	December 15, 2021	
			
	 	Expiration Time:	  	The Valuation Time	
			
	 	Expiration Date:	  	June 15, 2022, subject to earlier exercise.	
			
	 	Multiple Exercise:	  	Applicable, as described under “Automatic Exercise” below.	
			
	 	Automatic Exercise:	  	Notwithstanding Section 3.4 of the Equity Definitions, on each Conversion Date in respect of which a Notice of Conversion that is effective as to Counterparty has been delivered by the relevant converting Holder, a number of Options equal to the number of Convertible Notes in denominations of USD 1,000 as to which such Conversion Date has occurred shall be deemed to be automatically exercised; provided that such Options shall be exercised or deemed exercised only if Counterparty has provided a Notice of Exercise to Dealer in accordance with “Notice of Exercise” below.	
			
	 		  	Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall the number of Options that are exercised or deemed exercised hereunder exceed the Number of Options.	
			
	 	Notice Deadline:	  	In respect of any exercise of Options on any Conversion Date, 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Scheduled Valid Day immediately preceding the scheduled first day of the Settlement Averaging Period for such Options; provided that in respect of any Options relating to Convertible Notes with a Conversion Date occurring on or after the Free Convertibility Date, the Notice Deadline is 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Scheduled Valid Day immediately preceding the Expiration Date; provided, further , that notwithstanding the foregoing, any Notice of Exercise and the related automatic exercise of the related Options shall be effective if given after the relevant Notice Deadline but prior to 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the fifth Scheduled Valid Day following the Notice Deadline and, in respect of any Options in respect of which such notice is delivered after the relevant Notice Deadline pursuant to this proviso, the Calculation Agent shall have the right to adjust the number of Shares and/or amount of cash deliverable by Dealer with respect to such Options in a commercially reasonable manner as appropriate to reflect the additional costs and losses (including, but not limited to, hedging mismatches and market losses) and expenses incurred by Dealer in connection with its hedging activities (including the unwinding of any hedge position) as a result of Dealer not having received such notice on or prior to the Notice Deadline.	
 
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	  	Notice of Exercise:	  	Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Equity Definitions or under “Automatic Exercise” above, in order to exercise any Options, Counterparty must notify Dealer in writing before 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the applicable Notice Deadline of (i) the aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes as to which such Conversion Date has occurred (including, if applicable, whether all or any portion of such Convertible Notes are Convertible Notes as to which additional Shares would be added to the Conversion Rate (as defined in the Indenture) pursuant to Section 14.03 of the Indenture (the “ Make-Whole Convertible Notes ”)), (ii) the scheduled first day of the Settlement Averaging Period and the scheduled Settlement Date, (iii) the Relevant Settlement Method for such Options, and (iv) if the settlement method for the related Convertible Notes is not Settlement in Shares or Settlement in Cash (each as defined below), the fixed amount of cash per Convertible Note that Counterparty has elected to deliver to Holders (as such term is defined in the Indenture) of the related Convertible Notes (the “ Specified Cash Amount ”); provided that in respect of any Options relating to Convertible Notes with a Conversion Date occurring on or after the Free Convertibility Date, (A) such notice need only specify the information required in clause (i) above, and (B) if the Relevant Settlement Method for such Options is (x) Net Share Settlement and the Specified Cash Amount is not USD 1,000, (y) Cash Settlement or (z) Combination Settlement, Dealer shall have received a separate notice (the “ Notice of Final Settlement Method ”) in respect of all such Convertible Notes before 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Scheduled Trading Day immediately following the Free Convertibility Date specifying the information required in clauses (iii) and (iv) above. Counterparty acknowledges its responsibilities under applicable securities laws, and in particular Section 9 and Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act (as defined below) and the rules and regulations thereunder, in respect of any election of a settlement method with respect to the Convertible Notes.	
			
	  	Valuation Time:	  	At the close of trading of the regular trading session on the Exchange; provided that if the principal trading session is extended, the Calculation Agent shall determine the Valuation Time in its reasonable discretion.	
 
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	  	Market Disruption Event:	  	Section 6.3(a) of the Equity Definitions is hereby replaced in its entirety by the following:	
			
	  		  	“‘Market Disruption Event’ means, in respect of a Share, (i) a failure by the primary United States national or regional securities exchange or market on which the Shares are listed or admitted for trading to open for trading during its regular trading session or (ii) the occurrence or existence prior to 1:00 p.m. (New York City time) on any Scheduled Valid Day for the Shares for more than one half-hour period in the aggregate during regular trading hours of any suspension or limitation imposed on trading (by reason of movements in price exceeding limits permitted by the relevant stock exchange or otherwise) in the Shares or in any options contracts or futures contracts relating to the Shares.”	
			
	  	Settlement Terms.	  		
			
	  	Settlement Method:	  	For any Option, Net Share Settlement; provided that if the Relevant Settlement Method set forth below for such Option is not Net Share Settlement, then the Settlement Method for such Option shall be such Relevant Settlement Method, but only if Counterparty shall have notified Dealer of the Relevant Settlement Method in the Notice of Exercise or Notice of Final Settlement Method, as applicable, for such Option.	
			
	  	Relevant Settlement Method:	  	In respect of any Option:
 
(i) if Counterparty has elected to settle its conversion obligations in respect of the related Convertible Note (A) entirely in Shares pursuant to Section 14.02(a)(v)(A) of the Indenture (together with cash in lieu of fractional Shares) (such settlement method, “ Settlement in Shares ”), (B) in a combination of cash and Shares pursuant to Section 14.02(a)(v)(C) of the Indenture with a Specified Cash Amount less than USD 1,000 (such settlement method, “ Low Cash Combination Settlement ”) or (C) in a combination of cash and Shares pursuant to Section 14.02(a)(v)(C) of the Indenture with a Specified Cash Amount equal to USD 1,000, then, in each case, the Relevant Settlement Method for such Option shall be Net Share Settlement;	
			
	  		  	(ii) if Counterparty has elected to settle its conversion obligations in respect of the related Convertible Note in a combination of cash and Shares pursuant to Section 14.02(a)(v)(C) of the Indenture with a Specified Cash Amount greater than USD 1,000, then the Relevant Settlement Method for such Option shall be Combination Settlement; and	
			
	  		  	(iii) if Counterparty has elected to settle its conversion obligations in respect of the related Convertible Note entirely in cash pursuant to Section 14.02(a)(v)(B) of the Indenture (such settlement method, “ Settlement in Cash ”), then the Relevant Settlement Method for such Option shall be Cash Settlement.	
			
	  	Net Share Settlement:	  	If Net Share Settlement is applicable to any Option exercised or deemed exercised hereunder, Dealer will deliver to Counterparty, on the relevant Settlement Date for each such Option, a number of Shares (the “ Net Share Settlement Amount ”) equal to the sum, for each Valid Day during the Settlement Averaging Period for each such Option, of (i) (a) the Daily Option Value for such Valid Day, divided by (b) the Relevant Price on such Valid Day, divided by (ii) the number of Valid Days in the Settlement Averaging Period; provided that in no event shall the Net Share Settlement Amount for any Option exceed a number of Shares equal to the Applicable Limit for such Option divided by the Applicable Limit Price on the Settlement Date for such Option.	
 
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	 		  	Dealer will pay cash in lieu of delivering any fractional Shares to be delivered with respect to any Net Share Settlement Share Amount valued at the Relevant Price for the last Valid Day of the applicable Settlement Averaging Period.	
			
	 	Combination Settlement:	  	If Combination Settlement is applicable to any Option exercised or deemed exercised hereunder, Dealer will pay and/or deliver, as the case may be, to Counterparty, on the relevant Settlement Date for each such Option:	
			
	 		  	(i) cash (the “ Combination Settlement Cash Amount ”) equal to the sum, for each Valid Day during the Settlement Averaging Period for such Option, of (A) an amount for such Valid Day (the “Daily Combination Settlement Cash Amount ”) equal to the lesser of (1) the Specified Cash Amount minus USD 1,000 and (2) the Daily Option Value for such Valid Day, divided by (B) the number of Valid Days in the Settlement Averaging Period; provided that if the calculation in clause (A) above results in zero or a negative number for any Valid Day, the Daily Combination Settlement Cash Amount for such Valid Day shall be deemed to be zero; and	
			
	 		  	(ii)  Shares (the “ Combination Settlement Share Amount ”) equal to the sum, for each Valid Day during the Settlement Averaging Period for such Option, of a number of Shares for such Valid Day (the “ Daily Combination Settlement Share Amount ”) equal to (A) (1) the Daily Option Value on such Valid Day minus the Daily Combination Settlement Cash Amount for such Valid Day, divided by (2) the Relevant Price on such Valid Day, divided by (B) the number of Valid Days in the Settlement Averaging Period; provided that if the calculation in sub-clause (A)(1) above results in zero or a negative number for any Valid Day, the Daily Combination Settlement Share Amount for such Valid Day shall be deemed to be zero;	
			
	 		  	provided that in no event shall the sum of (x) the Combination Settlement Cash Amount for any Option and (y) the Combination Settlement Share Amount for such Option multiplied by the Applicable Limit Price on the Settlement Date for such Option, exceed the Applicable Limit for such Option.	
 
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	  		  	Dealer will pay cash in lieu of delivering any fractional Shares to be delivered with respect to any Combination Settlement Share Amount valued at the Relevant Price for the last Valid Day of the Settlement Averaging Period.	
			
	  	Cash Settlement:	  	If Cash Settlement is applicable to any Option exercised or deemed exercised hereunder, in lieu of Section 8.1 of the Equity Definitions, Dealer will pay to Counterparty, on the relevant Settlement Date for each such Option, an amount of cash (the “ Cash Settlement Amount ”) equal to the sum, for each Valid Day during the Settlement Averaging Period for such Option, of (i) the Daily Option Value for such Valid Day, divided by (ii) the number of Valid Days in the Settlement Averaging Period.	
			
	  	Daily Option Value:	  	For any Valid Day, an amount equal to (i) the Option Entitlement on such Valid Day, multiplied by (ii) the Relevant Price on such Valid Day less the Strike Price on such Valid Day; provided that if the calculation contained in clause (ii) above results in a negative number, the Daily Option Value for such Valid Day shall be deemed to be zero. In no event will the Daily Option Value be less than zero.	
			
	  	Make-Whole Adjustment:	  	Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, in respect of any exercise of Options relating to a conversion of Convertible Notes for which additional Shares will be added to the “Conversion Rate” (as defined in the Indenture) as determined pursuant to Section 14.03 of the Indenture, the Daily Option Value shall be calculated as if the Option Entitlement included such additional Shares as determined with reference to the adjustment set forth in such Section 14.03 of the Indenture; provided that if the sum of (i) the product of (a) the number of Shares (if any) deliverable by Dealer to Counterparty per exercised Option and (b) the Applicable Limit Price on the Settlement Date and (ii) the amount of cash (if any) payable by Dealer to Counterparty per exercised Option would otherwise exceed the amount per Option, as determined by the Calculation Agent, that would be payable by Dealer under Section 6 of the Agreement if (x) the relevant Conversion Date were an Early Termination Date resulting from an Additional Termination Event with respect to which the Transaction was the sole Affected Transaction and Counterparty was the sole Affected Party and (y) Section 14.03 of the Indenture were deleted, then each Daily Option Value shall be proportionately reduced to the extent necessary to eliminate such excess.	
			
	  	Applicable Limit:	  	For any Option, an amount of cash equal to the excess of (i) the aggregate of (A) the amount of cash, if any, paid to the Holder of the related Convertible Note upon conversion of such Convertible Note and (B) the number of Shares, if any, delivered to the Holder of the related Convertible Note upon conversion of such Convertible Note, in each case, pursuant to the terms of the Indenture multiplied by the Applicable Limit Price on the Settlement Date for such Option, over (ii) USD 1,000.	
 
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	  	Applicable Limit Price:	  	On any day, the opening price as displayed under the heading “Op” on Bloomberg page IPXL <equity> (or any successor thereto).	
			
	  	Valid Day:	  	A day on which (i) there is no Market Disruption Event and (ii) trading in the Shares generally occurs on the Exchange or, if the Shares are not then listed on the Exchange, on the principal other United States national or regional securities exchange on which the Shares are then listed or, if the Shares are not then listed on a United States national or regional securities exchange, on the principal other market on which the Shares are then listed or admitted for trading. If the Shares are not so listed or admitted for trading, “Valid Day” means a Business Day.	
			
	  	Scheduled Valid Day:	  	A day that is scheduled to be a Valid Day on the principal United States national or regional securities exchange or market on which the Shares are listed or admitted for trading. If the Shares are not so listed or admitted for trading, “Scheduled Valid Day” means a Business Day.	
			
	  	Business Day:	  	Any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which the Federal Reserve Bank of New York is authorized or required by law or executive order to close or be closed.	
			
	  	Relevant Price:	  	On any Valid Day, the per Share volume-weighted average price as displayed under the heading “Bloomberg VWAP” on Bloomberg page IPXL <equity> AQR (or its equivalent successor if such page is not available) in respect of the period from the scheduled opening time of the Exchange to the Scheduled Closing Time of the Exchange on such Valid Day (or if such volume-weighted average price is unavailable at such time, the market value of one Share on such Valid Day, as determined by the Calculation Agent using, if practicable, a volume-weighted average method). The Relevant Price will be determined without regard to after-hours trading or any other trading outside of the regular trading session trading hours.	
			
	  	Settlement Averaging Period:	  	For any Option and regardless of the Settlement Method applicable to such Option:	
			
	  		  	(i) if the related Conversion Date occurs prior to the Free Convertibility Date, the 40 consecutive Valid Days commencing on, and including, the second Valid Day following such Conversion Date; provided that if the Notice of Exercise for such Option specifies that Settlement in Shares or Low Cash Combination Settlement applies to the related Convertible Note, the Settlement Averaging Period shall be the 80 consecutive Valid Day period commencing on, and including, the second Valid Day immediately following such Conversion Date; or	
 
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	 		  	(ii)  if the related Conversion Date occurs on or following the Free Convertibility Date, the 40 consecutive Valid Days commencing on, and including, the 42 nd Scheduled Valid Day immediately prior to the Expiration Date; provided that if the Notice of Exercise or Notice of Final Settlement Method, as applicable, for such Option specifies that Settlement in Shares or Low Cash Combination Settlement applies to the related Convertible Note, the Settlement Averaging Period shall be the 80 consecutive Valid Days commencing on, and including, the 82 nd Scheduled Valid Day immediately prior to the Expiration Date.	
			
	 	Settlement Date:	  	For any Option, the third Business Day immediately following the final Valid Day of the Settlement Averaging Period for such Option.	
			
	 	Settlement Currency:	  	USD	
			
	 	Other Applicable Provisions:	  	The provisions of Sections 9.1(c), 9.8, 9.9 and 9.11 of the Equity Definitions will be applicable, except that all references in such provisions to “Physically-settled” shall be read as references to “Share Settled”. “Share Settled” in relation to any Option means that Net Share Settlement or Combination Settlement is applicable to that Option.	
			
	 	Representation and Agreement:	  	Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Equity Definitions (including, but not limited to, Section 9.11 thereof), the parties acknowledge that (i) any Shares delivered to Counterparty shall be, upon delivery, subject to restrictions and limitations arising from Counterparty’s status as issuer of the Shares under applicable securities laws, (ii) Dealer may deliver any Shares required to be delivered hereunder in certificated form in lieu of delivery through the Clearance System and (iii) any Shares delivered to Counterparty may be “restricted securities” (as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Securities Act ”)).	
 
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3.	  	Additional Terms applicable to the Transaction.	  		
			
	  	Adjustments applicable to the Transaction:	  		
			
	  	Potential Adjustment Events:	  	Notwithstanding Section 11.2(e) of the Equity Definitions, a “Potential Adjustment Event” means an occurrence of any event or condition, as set forth in any Dilution Adjustment Provision, that would result in an adjustment under the Indenture to the “Conversion Rate” or the composition of a “unit of Reference Property” or to any “Last Reported Sale Price”, “Daily VWAP,” “Daily Conversion Value” or “Daily Settlement Amount” (each as defined in the Indenture). For the avoidance of doubt, Dealer shall not have any delivery or payment obligation hereunder, and no adjustment shall be made to the terms of the Transaction, on account of (x) any distribution of cash, property or securities by Counterparty to holders of the Convertible Notes (upon conversion or otherwise) or (y) any other transaction in which holders of the Convertible Notes are entitled to participate, in each case, in lieu of an adjustment under the Indenture of the type referred to in the immediately preceding sentence (including, without limitation, pursuant to the fourth sentence of the first paragraph of Section 14.04(c) of the Indenture or the fourth sentence of Section 14.04(d) of the Indenture).	
			
	  	Method of Adjustment:	  	Calculation Agent Adjustment, which means that, notwithstanding Section 11.2(c) of the Equity Definitions, upon any Potential Adjustment Event, the Calculation Agent, in a commercially reasonable manner and in consultation with Counterparty, shall make a corresponding adjustment to any one or more of the Strike Price, Number of Options, Option Entitlement and any other variable relevant to the exercise, settlement or payment for the Transaction to the extent an analogous adjustment would be made pursuant to the Indenture in connection with such Potential Adjustment Event.	
			
	  		  	Notwithstanding the foregoing and “Consequences of Merger Events” below, if the Calculation Agent in good faith disagrees with any adjustment to the Convertible Notes that involves an exercise of discretion by Counterparty or its board of directors (including, without limitation, pursuant to Section 14.05 of the Indenture, Section 14.07 of the Indenture or any supplemental indenture entered into thereunder or in connection with any proportional adjustment or the determination of the fair value of any securities, property, rights or other assets), then in each such case, the Calculation Agent will determine the adjustment to be made to any one or more of the Strike Price, Number of Options, Option Entitlement and any other variable relevant to the exercise, settlement or payment for the Transaction in a commercially reasonable manner and in consultation with Counterparty; provided, further , that, notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Potential Adjustment Event occurs during	
					
	  		  	the Settlement Averaging Period but no adjustment was made to any Convertible Note under the Indenture because the relevant Holder (as such term is defined in the Indenture) was deemed to be a record owner of the underlying Shares on the related Conversion Date, then the Calculation Agent shall make an adjustment, as determined by it, to the terms hereof in order to account for such Potential Adjustment Event in a commercially reasonable manner and in consultation with Counterparty.	
 
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	 	Dilution Adjustment Provisions:	  	Sections 14.04(a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) and Section 14.05 of the Indenture.	
			
	 	Extraordinary Events applicable to the Transaction:	  		
			
	 	Merger Events:	  	Applicable; provided that notwithstanding Section 12.1(b) of the Equity Definitions, which shall not apply with respect to the Transaction, a “Merger Event” means the occurrence of any event or condition set forth in the definition of “Merger Event” in Section 14.07 of the Indenture.	
			
	 	Tender Offers:	  	Not applicable.	
			
	 	Consequences of Merger Events:	  	Subject to Section 9(bb) below and notwithstanding Section 12.2 and Section 12.3 of the Equity Definitions, upon the occurrence of a Merger Event, the Calculation Agent, in a commercially reasonable manner and in consultation with Counterparty, shall make a corresponding adjustment in respect of any adjustment under the Indenture to any one or more of the nature of the Shares, Strike Price, Number of Options, Option Entitlement and any other variable relevant to the exercise, settlement or payment for the Transaction to the extent an analogous adjustment would be made pursuant to the Indenture in connection with such Merger Event, subject to the second paragraph under “Method of Adjustment”; provided , however , that no adjustment shall be made in respect of any adjustment to the Conversion Rate pursuant to any Excluded Provision.	
			
	 	Nationalization, Insolvency or Delisting:	  	Cancellation and Payment (Calculation Agent Determination); provided that, in addition to the provisions of Section 12.6(a)(iii) of the Equity Definitions, it will also constitute a Delisting if the Exchange is located in the United States and the Shares are not immediately re-listed, re-traded or re-quoted on any of the New York Stock Exchange, The NASDAQ Global Select Market or The NASDAQ Global Market (or their respective successors); if the Shares are immediately re-listed, re-traded or re-quoted on any of the New York Stock Exchange, The NASDAQ Global Select Market or The NASDAQ Global Market (or their respective successors), such exchange or quotation system shall thereafter be deemed to be the Exchange.	
			
	 	Restrictions on Adjustments:	  	Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Equity Definitions or this Confirmation, none of the events listed in Section 14.04(j) of the Indenture will constitute a Potential Adjustment Event or a Merger Event, and no adjustment will be made to the Transaction in connection with any such event pursuant to the Equity Definitions (as amended by this Confirmation) or otherwise.	
 
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	  	Additional Disruption Events:	  		
			
	  	Change in Law:	  	Applicable; provided that Section 12.9(a)(ii) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by (i) replacing the word “Shares” with the phrase “Hedge Positions” in clause (X) thereof and (ii) inserting the parenthetical “(including, for the avoidance of doubt and without limitation, adoption or promulgation of new regulations authorized or mandated by existing statute)” at the end of clause (A) thereof.	
			
	  	Failure to Deliver:	  	Applicable	
			
	  	Hedging Disruption:	  	Applicable; provided that,	
			
	  		  	(i) Section 12.9(a)(v) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by (a) inserting the following words at the end of clause (A) thereof: “in the manner contemplated by the Hedging Party on the Trade Date” and (b) inserting the following two phrases at the end of such Section:	
			
	  		  	“For the avoidance of doubt, the term “equity price risk” shall be deemed to include, but shall not be limited to, stock price and volatility risk. And, for the further avoidance of doubt, any such transactions or assets referred to in phrases (A) or (B) above must be available on commercially reasonable pricing terms.”; and	
			
	  		  	(ii)  Section 12.9(b)(iii) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by inserting in the third line thereof, after the words “to terminate the Transaction”, the words “or a portion of the Transaction affected by such Hedging Disruption”.	
			
	  	Increased Cost of Hedging:	  	Applicable	
			
	  	Hedging Party:	  	For all applicable Additional Disruption Events, Dealer.	
			
	  	Determining Party:	  	For all applicable Extraordinary Events, Dealer.	
			
	  	Non-Reliance:	  	Applicable.	
			
	  	Agreements and Acknowledgments	  	Applicable	
	  	Regarding Hedging Activities:	  		
			
	  	Additional Acknowledgments:	  	Applicable	
 
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4.	  	Calculation Agent.	  	Dealer, whose judgments, determinations and calculations shall be made in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner; provided that, following the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default of the type described in Section 5(a)(vii) of the Agreement with respect to which Dealer is the sole Defaulting Party, if the Calculation Agent fails to timely make any calculation, adjustment or determination required to be made by the Calculation Agent hereunder or to perform any obligation of the Calculation Agent hereunder and such failure continues for five (5) Exchange Business Days following notice to the Calculation Agent by Counterparty of such failure, Counterparty shall have the right to designate a nationally recognized third-party dealer in over-the-counter corporate equity derivatives to act, during the period commencing on the date such Event of Default occurred and ending on the Early Termination Date with respect to such Event of Default, as the Calculation Agent. Following any determination or calculation by the Calculation Agent hereunder, upon a request by Counterparty, the Calculation Agent shall promptly (but in any event within five Scheduled Trading Days) provide to Counterparty by e-mail to the e-mail address provided by Counterparty in such request a report (in a commonly used file format for the storage and manipulation of financial data) displaying in reasonable detail the basis for such determination or calculation (including any assumptions used in making such determination or calculation), it being understood that the Calculation Agent shall not be obligated to disclose any proprietary models or proprietary or confidential information used by it for such determination or calculation.	
 
5. 	Account Details .	
 
 	(a)	Account for payments to Counterparty:	
To be provided by Counterparty.
Account for delivery of Shares to Counterparty:
To be provided by Counterparty.
 
 	(b)	Account for payments to Dealer:	
ABA: 021000021
JP Morgan Chase NY (CHASUS33)
A/C Royal Bank of Canada, NY Branch (ROYCUS3X)
A/C#: 920-1-033363
FFC A/C Name: RBC US Transit
FFC A/C#: 012692041499
Reference: Impax Laboratories, Inc.
Account for delivery of Shares from Dealer:
To be provided by Dealer.
 
6. 	Offices.	
 
 	(a)	The Office of Counterparty for the Transaction is: Inapplicable, Counterparty is not a Multibranch Party.	
 
 	(b)	The Office of Dealer for the Transaction is: New York	
Royal Bank of Canada
c/o RBC Capital Markets, LLC
3 World Financial Center
200 Vesey Street
New York, New York 10281
Attention:     Structured Derivatives Documentation
Telephone:     (212) 858-7000
Facsimile:      (212) 428-3053
 
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7. 	Notices.	
 
 	(a)	Address for notices or communications to Counterparty:	
Impax Laboratories, Inc.
30831 Huntwood Avenue
Hayward, CA 94544
Attention: Mark Schlossberg, SVP & General Counsel
Telephone No.: (510) 240-6000
Facsimile No.: (510) 240-6096
Address for notices or communications to Dealer:
Royal Bank of Canada
c/o RBC Capital Markets, LLC
3 World Financial Center
200 Vesey Street
New York, New York 10281
Attention: Structured Derivatives Documentation
Telephone: (212) 858-7000
Facsimile: (212) 428-3053
Email: RBCECMCorporateEquityLinkedDocumentation@rbc.com
 
8. 	Representations and Warranties of Counterparty .	
Other than for purposes of Section 5(a)(iv) of the Agreement, each of the representations and warranties of Counterparty set forth in Section 3 of the Purchase Agreement (the “ Purchase Agreement ”), dated as of June 25, 2015, between Counterparty and RBC Capital Markets, LLC, as representative of the initial purchasers party thereto (the “ Initial Purchasers ”), are true and correct and are hereby deemed to be repeated to Dealer as if set forth herein. Counterparty hereby further represents and warrants to Dealer on the date hereof and on and as of the Premium Payment Date that:
 
 	(a)	Counterparty has all necessary corporate power and authority to execute, deliver and perform its obligations in respect of the Transaction; such execution, delivery and performance have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on Counterparty’s part; and this Confirmation has been duly and validly executed and delivered by Counterparty and constitutes its valid and binding obligation, enforceable against Counterparty in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights and remedies generally, and subject, as to enforceability, to general principles of equity, including principles of commercial reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in a proceeding at law or in equity) and except that rights to indemnification and contribution hereunder may be limited by federal or state securities laws or public policy relating thereto.	
 
 	(b)	Neither the execution and delivery of this Confirmation nor the incurrence or performance of obligations of Counterparty hereunder will conflict with or result in a breach of the certificate of incorporation or by-laws (or any equivalent documents) of Counterparty, or any applicable law or regulation, or any order, writ, injunction or decree of any court or governmental authority or agency, or any agreement or instrument filed as an exhibit to Counterparty’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, as updated by any subsequent filings, or constitute a default under, or result in the creation of any lien under, any such agreement or instrument.	
 
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 	(c)	No consent, approval, authorization, or order of, or filing with, any governmental agency or body or any court is required in connection with the execution, delivery or performance by Counterparty of this Confirmation, except such as have been obtained or made and such as may be required under the Securities Act or state securities laws.	
 
 	(d)	Counterparty is not and, after consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, will not be required to register as an “investment company” as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.	
 
 	(e)	Counterparty is an “eligible contract participant” (as such term is defined in Section 1a(18) of the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended, other than a person that is an eligible contract participant under Section 1a(18)(C) of the Commodity Exchange Act).	
 
 	(f)	Each of it and its affiliates is not, on the date hereof, in possession of any material non-public information with respect to Counterparty or the Shares.	
 
 	(g)	To Counterparty’s knowledge, no state or local (including any non-U.S. jurisdiction’s) law, rule, regulation or regulatory order applicable to the Shares would give rise to any reporting, consent, registration or other requirement (including without limitation a requirement to obtain prior approval from any person or entity) as a result of Dealer or its affiliates owning or holding (however defined) Shares.	
 
 	(h)	Counterparty (A) is capable of evaluating investment risks independently, both in general and with regard to all transactions and investment strategies involving a security or securities; (B) will exercise independent judgment in evaluating the recommendations of any broker-dealer or its associated persons, unless it has otherwise notified the broker-dealer in writing; and (C) has total assets of at least $50 million.	
 
 	(i)	Without limiting the generality of Section 13.1 of the Equity Definitions, Counterparty acknowledges that Dealer is not making any representations or warranties with respect to the treatment of the Transaction under any accounting standards including ASC Topic 260, Earnings Per Share , ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging , or ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity and ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (or any successor issue statements) or under FASB’s Liabilities & Equity Project.	
 
 	(j)	Without limiting the generality of Section 3(a)(iii) of the Agreement, the Transaction will not violate Rule 13e-1 or Rule 13e-4 under the Exchange Act.	
 
 	(k)	(A) Counterparty is acting for its own account, and it has made its own independent decisions to enter into the Transaction and as to whether the Transaction is appropriate or proper for it based upon its own judgment and upon advice from such advisers as it has deemed necessary, (B) Counterparty is not relying on any communication (written or oral) of Dealer or any of its affiliates as investment advice or as a recommendation to enter into the Transaction (it being understood that information and explanations related to the terms and conditions of the Transaction shall not be considered investment advice or a recommendation to enter into the Transaction) and (C) no communication (written or oral) received from Dealer or any of its affiliates shall be deemed to be an assurance or guarantee as to the expected results of the Transaction.	
 
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9. 	Other Provisions .	
 
 	(a) 	Opinions . Counterparty shall deliver to Dealer one or more opinions of counsel, dated as of the Premium Payment Date, given by Latham & Watkins LLP, with respect to the matters set forth in Sections 8(a) through (c) of this Confirmation; provided that any such opinion of counsel may contain customary exceptions and qualifications. 1 Delivery of such opinion to Dealer shall be a condition precedent for the purpose of Section 2(a)(iii) of the Agreement with respect to each obligation of Dealer under Section 2(a)(i) of the Agreement. In addition, in connection with the entry into or consummation of any Redomicile Transaction, Counterparty shall deliver to Dealer an opinion of counsel (subject to customary qualifications, assumptions and exceptions), dated as of the date of such Redomicile Transaction, with respect to the matters set forth in Sections 8(a) through (c) of this Confirmation (except the reference in Section 8(b) to “any agreement or instrument filed as an exhibit to Counterparty’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, as updated by any subsequent filings” shall be replaced with “any agreement or instrument to which Counterparty or its subsidiaries is a party or to which Counterparty or any of its subsidiaries is subject”). “ Redomicile Transaction ” meansany Merger Event (as such term is defined in Section 12.1(b) of the Equity Definitions without regard to any amendment to such definition in this Confirmation), reincorporation of Counterparty, corporate redomiciliation of Counterparty or similar transaction pursuant to which (x) the consideration for the Shares includes (or, at the option of a holder of Shares, may include) shares of a corporation that is not organized under the laws of the United States, any State thereof or the District of Columbia or (y) the Counterparty following such Merger Event, reincorporation of Counterparty, corporate redomiciliation of Counterparty or similar transaction is not a corporation or is incorporated in a jurisdiction other than the United States, any State thereof or the District of Columbia.	
 
 	(b) 	Repurchase Notices . Counterparty shall, on any day on which Counterparty effects any repurchase of Shares, promptly give Dealer a written notice of such repurchase (a “ Repurchase Notice ”) on such day if following such repurchase, the number of outstanding Shares as determined on such day is (i) less than 69.09 million (in the case of the first such notice) or (ii) thereafter more than 2.43 million less than the number of Shares included in the immediately preceding Repurchase Notice. Counterparty agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Dealer and its affiliates and their respective officers, directors, employees, affiliates, advisors, agents and controlling persons (each, an “ Indemnified Person ”) from and against any and all losses (including losses relating to Dealer’s hedging activities as a consequence of becoming, or of the risk of becoming, a Section 16 “insider”, including without limitation, any forbearance from hedging activities or cessation of hedging activities and any losses in connection therewith with respect to the Transaction), claims, damages, judgments, liabilities and reasonable expenses (including reasonable attorney’s fees), joint or several, which an Indemnified Person may become subject to, in each case, as a result of Counterparty’s failure to provide Dealer with a Repurchase Notice on the day and in the manner specified in this paragraph, and to reimburse, within 30 days, upon written request, each of such Indemnified Persons for any reasonable legal or other expenses incurred in connection with investigating, preparing for, providing testimony or other evidence in connection with or defending any of the foregoing. If any suit, action, proceeding (including any governmental or regulatory investigation), claim or demand shall be brought or asserted against the Indemnified Person as a result of Counterparty’s failure to provide Dealer with a Repurchase Notice in accordance with this paragraph, such Indemnified Person shall promptly notify Counterparty in writing, and Counterparty, upon request of the Indemnified Person, shall retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Person to represent the Indemnified Person and any others Counterparty may designate in such proceeding and shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel related to such proceeding. Counterparty shall not be liable for any settlement of any such proceeding contemplated by this paragraph that is effected without its written consent, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, Counterparty agrees to indemnify any Indemnified Person from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement or judgment. Counterparty shall not, without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Person, effect any settlement of such proceeding that is pending or threatened in respect of which any Indemnified Person is or could have been a party and indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such Indemnified Person, unless such settlement includes an unconditional release of such Indemnified Person from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such proceeding on terms reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnified Person. If the indemnification provided for in this paragraph is unavailable to an Indemnified Person or insufficient in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to therein, then Counterparty hereunder, in lieu of indemnifying such Indemnified Person thereunder, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Person as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities. The remedies provided for in this paragraph (b) are not exclusive and shall not limit any rights or remedies which may otherwise be available to any Indemnified Person at law or in equity. The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in this paragraph shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of the termination of the Transaction.	

1  	NTD: Opinion scope to be agreed orally between DPW and LW.	
 
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 	(c) 	Regulation M . Counterparty is not on the Trade Date engaged in a distribution, as such term is used in Regulation M under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”), of any securities of Counterparty, other than a distribution meeting the requirements of the exception set forth in Rules 101(b) and 102(b) of Regulation M. Counterparty shall not, until the second Scheduled Trading Day immediately following the Effective Date, engage in any such distribution.	
 
 	(d) 	Rule 10b-18. On the Trade Date neither Counterparty nor any “affiliate” or “affiliated purchaser” (each as defined in Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act (“ Rule 10b-18 ”)) shall directly or indirectly (including, without limitation, by means of any cash-settled or other derivative instrument) purchase, offer to purchase, place any bid or limit order that would effect a purchase of, or commence any tender offer relating to, any Shares (or an equivalent interest, including a unit of beneficial interest in a trust or limited partnership or a depository share) or any security convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Shares.	
 
 	(e) 	Resolutions . On or prior to the Trade Date, Counterparty shall deliver to Dealer a resolution of Counterparty’s board of directors authorizing the Transaction.	
 
 	(f) 	Solvency . On each of the Trade Date and the Premium Payment Date, Counterparty is not, or will not be, “insolvent” (as such term is defined under Section 101(32) of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (Title 11 of the United States Code) (the “ Bankruptcy Code ”)) and Counterparty would be able to purchase a number of Shares equal to the Number of Shares in compliance with the corporate laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation.	
 
 	(g) 	Private Placement . Counterparty acknowledges that the offer and sale of the Transaction to it is intended to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act, by virtue of Section 4(a)(2) thereof. Accordingly, Counterparty represents and warrants to Dealer that (i) it has the financial ability to bear the economic risk of its investment in the Transaction and is able to bear a total loss of its investment, (ii) it is an “accredited investor” as that term is defined in Regulation D as promulgated under the Securities Act, (iii) it is entering into the Transaction for its own account and without a view to the distribution or resale thereof and (iv) the assignment, transfer or other disposition of the Transaction has not been and will not be registered under the Securities Act and is restricted under this Confirmation, the Securities Act and state securities laws.	
 
 	(h) 	No Manipulation . Counterparty is not entering into the Transaction to create actual or apparent trading activity in the Shares (or any security convertible into or exchangeable for the Shares) or to raise or depress or otherwise manipulate the price of the Shares (or any security convertible into or exchangeable for the Shares) or otherwise in violation of the Exchange Act.	
 
 	(i)	Transfer or Assignment .	
 
 	(i)	Counterparty shall have the right to transfer or assign its rights and obligations hereunder with respect to all, but not less than all, of the Options hereunder (such Options, the “ Transfer Options ”); provided that such transfer or assignment shall be subject to reasonable conditions that Dealer may impose, including but not limited, to the following conditions:	
 
 	(A)	With respect to any Transfer Options, Counterparty shall not be released from its notice and indemnification obligations pursuant to Section 9(b) or any obligations under Section 9(r) or 9(w) of this Confirmation;	
 
 	(B)	[Reserved]	
 
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 	(C)	Such transfer or assignment shall be effected on terms, including any reasonable undertakings by such third party (including, but not limited to, an undertaking with respect to compliance with applicable securities laws in a manner that, in the reasonable judgment of Dealer, will not expose Dealer to material risks under applicable securities laws) and execution of any documentation and delivery of legal opinions with respect to securities laws and other matters by such third party and Counterparty, as are reasonably requested and reasonably satisfactory to Dealer;	
 
 	(D)	Dealer will not, as a result of such transfer and assignment, be required to pay the transferee on any payment date an amount under Section 2(d)(i)(4) of the Agreement greater than an amount that Dealer would have been required to pay to Counterparty in the absence of such transfer and assignment;	
 
 	(E)	An Event of Default, Potential Event of Default or Termination Event will not occur as a result of such transfer and assignment;	
 
 	(F)	Without limiting the generality of clause (B), Counterparty shall cause the transferee to make such Payee Tax Representations and to provide such tax documentation as may be reasonably requested by Dealer to permit Dealer to determine that results described in clauses (D) and (E) will not occur upon or after such transfer and assignment; and	
 
 	(G)	Counterparty shall be responsible for all reasonable costs and expenses, including reasonable counsel fees, incurred by Dealer in connection with such transfer or assignment.	
 
 	(ii)	Dealer may, without Counterparty’s consent, transfer or assign all or any part of its rights or obligations under the Transaction (A) to any affiliate of Dealer that is a dealer as defined under Section 475(c)(i) of the Code (1) that has a long-term issuer rating that is equal to or better than Dealer’s credit rating at the time of such transfer or assignment, or (2) whose obligations hereunder will be guaranteed, pursuant to the terms of a full and unconditional customary guarantee in a form used by Dealer generally for similar transactions, by Dealer or Dealer’s ultimate parent, or (B) to any other third party that is a dealer as defined under Section 475(c)(i) of the Code with a long-term issuer rating equal to or better than the lesser of (1) the credit rating of Dealer at the time of the transfer and (2) A- by Standard and Poor’s Rating Group, Inc. or its successor (“ S&P ”), or A3 by Moody’s Investor Service, Inc. (“ Moody’s ”) or, if either S&P or Moody’s ceases to rate such debt, at least an equivalent rating or better by a substitute rating agency mutually agreed by Counterparty and Dealer. If at any time at which (A) the Section 16 Percentage exceeds 8.5%, (B) the Option Equity Percentage exceeds 14.5%, or (C) the Share Amount exceeds the Applicable Share Limit (if any applies) (any such condition described in clauses (A), (B) or (C), an “ Excess Ownership Position ”), Dealer is unable after using its commercially reasonable efforts to effect a transfer or assignment of Options in accordance with the preceding sentence on pricing terms reasonably acceptable to Dealer and within a time period reasonably acceptable to Dealer such that no Excess Ownership Position exists, then Dealer may designate any Exchange Business Day as an Early Termination Date with respect to a portion of the Transaction (the “ Terminated Portion ”), such that following such partial termination no Excess Ownership Position exists. In the event that Dealer so designates an Early Termination Date with respect to a portion of the Transaction, a payment shall be made pursuant to Section 6 of the Agreement as if (1) an Early Termination Date had been designated in respect of a Transaction having terms identical to the Transaction and a Number of Options equal to the number of Options underlying the Terminated Portion, (2) Counterparty were the sole Affected Party with respect to such partial termination and (3) the Terminated Portion were the sole Affected Transaction (and, for the avoidance of doubt, the provisions of Section 9(p) shall apply to any amount that is payable by Dealer to Counterparty pursuant to this sentence as if Counterparty was not the Affected Party). The “ Section 16 Percentage ” as of any day is the fraction, expressed as a percentage, (A) the numerator of which is the number of Shares that Dealer and each person subject to aggregation of Shares with Dealer under Section 13 or Section 16 of the Exchange Act and rules promulgated thereunder directly or indirectly beneficially own (as defined under Section 13 or Section 16 of the Exchange Act and rules promulgated thereunder) and (B) the denominator of which is the number of Shares outstanding. The “ Option Equity Percentage ” as of any day is the fraction, expressed as a percentage, (A) the numerator of which is the sum of (1) the product of the Number of Options and the Option Entitlement and (2) the aggregate number of Shares underlying any other call option transaction sold by Dealer to Counterparty, and (B) the denominator of which is the number of Shares outstanding. The “ Share Amount ” as of any day is the number of Shares that Dealer and any person whose ownership position would be aggregated with that of Dealer (Dealer or any such person, a “ Dealer Person ”) under any law, rule, regulation, regulatory order or organizational documents or contracts of Counterparty that are, in each case, applicable to ownership of Shares (“ Applicable Restrictions ”), owns, beneficially owns, constructively owns, controls, holds the power to vote or otherwise meets a relevant definition of ownership under any Applicable Restriction, as determined by Dealer in its reasonable discretion. The “ Applicable Share Limit ” means a number of Shares equal to (A) the minimum number of Shares that gives rise to reporting or registration obligations (except for any filings on Form 13F, Schedule 13D or Schedule 13G under the Exchange Act, in each case as in effect on the Trade Date) or other requirements (including obtaining prior approval from any person or entity) of a Dealer Person, or could result in a material adverse effect on a Dealer Person, under any Applicable Restriction, as determined by Dealer in its reasonable discretion, minus (B) 1% of the number of Shares outstanding.	
 
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 	(iii)	Notwithstanding any other provision in this Confirmation to the contrary requiring or allowing Dealer to purchase, sell, receive or deliver any Shares or other securities, or make or receive any payment in cash, to or from Counterparty, Dealer may designate any of its affiliates to purchase, sell, receive or deliver such Shares or other securities, or to make or receive such payment in cash, and otherwise to perform Dealer’s obligations in respect of the Transaction and any such designee may assume such obligations. Dealer shall be discharged of its obligations to Counterparty to the extent of any such performance.	
 
 	(j) 	Staggered Settlement . If upon advice of counsel with respect to applicable legal and regulatory requirements, including any requirements relating to Dealer’s hedging activities hereunder, Dealer reasonably determines that it would not be advisable to deliver, or to acquire Shares to deliver, any or all of the Shares to be delivered by Dealer on any Settlement Date for the Transaction, Dealer may, by notice to Counterparty on or prior to any Settlement Date (a “ Nominal Settlement Date ”), elect to deliver the Shares on two or more dates (each, a “ Staggered Settlement Date ”) as follows:	
 
 	(i)	in such notice, Dealer will specify to Counterparty the related Staggered Settlement Dates (each of which will be on or prior to such Nominal Settlement Date) and the number of Shares that it will deliver on each Staggered Settlement Date;	
 
 	(ii)	the aggregate number of Shares that Dealer will deliver to Counterparty hereunder on all such Staggered Settlement Dates will equal the number of Shares that Dealer would otherwise be required to deliver on such Nominal Settlement Date; and	
 
 	(iii)	if the Net Share Settlement terms or the Combination Settlement terms set forth above were to apply on the Nominal Settlement Date, then the Net Share Settlement terms or the Combination Settlement terms, as the case may be, will apply on each Staggered Settlement Date, except that the Shares otherwise deliverable on such Nominal Settlement Date will be allocated among such Staggered Settlement Dates as specified by Dealer in the notice referred to in clause (i) above.	
 
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 	(k) 	Ratings Decline . If at any time prior to the “Stockholder Approval Date” (as defined in the Indenture) the long term, unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness of Dealer is rated Ba1 or lower by Moody’s or BB+ or lower by S&P (any such rating, a “ Ratings Downgrade ”), then Counterparty may, at any time following the occurrence and during the continuation of such Ratings Downgrade, provide written notice to Dealer specifying that it elects for this Section 9(k) to apply (a “ Trigger Notice ”). Upon receipt by Dealer of a Trigger Notice from Counterparty, Dealer shall promptly elect that either (i) the parties shall negotiate in good faith terms for collateral arrangements pursuant to which Dealer is required to provide collateral (including, but not limited to, equity or equity-linked securities issued by Counterparty) to Counterparty in respect of the Transaction with a value equal to the full mark-to-market exposure of Counterparty under the Transaction, as determined by Dealer in a good faith commercially reasonable manner, or (ii) an Additional Termination Event shall occur and, with respect to such Additional Termination Event, (A) Counterparty shall be deemed to be the sole Affected Party, and (B) the Transaction shall be the sole Affected Transaction.	
 
 	(l) 	Role of Agent .Dealer has appointed, as its agent, its indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, RBC Capital Markets, LLC (“ RBCCM ”), for purposes of conducting, on Dealer’s behalf, a business in privately negotiated transactions in options and other derivatives. Counterparty hereby is advised that Dealer, the principal and stated counterparty in such transactions, duly has authorized RBCCM to market, structure, negotiate, document, price, execute and hedge transactions in over-the-counter derivative products. RBCCM does not act as agent of Counterparty. For the avoidance of doubt, any performance by Dealer of its obligations hereunder solely to RBCCM shall not relieve Dealer of such obligations. RBCCM’s performance to Counterparty of Dealer’s obligations hereunder shall relieve Dealer of such obligations to the extent of such performance. Any performance by Counterparty of its obligations (including notice obligations) through or by means of RBCCM’s agency for Dealer shall constitute good performance of Counterparty’s obligations hereunder to Dealer.	
 
 	(m) 	Additional Termination Events .	
 
 	(i)	If an event of default with respect to Counterparty occurs under the terms of the Convertible Notes as set forth in Section 6.01 of the Indenture and such event of default results in the Convertible Notes becoming or being declared due and payable pursuant to the terms of the Indenture, then such event of default shall constitute an Additional Termination Event applicable to the Transaction and, with respect to such Additional Termination Event, (A) Counterparty shall be deemed to be the sole Affected Party, (B) the Transaction shall be the sole Affected Transaction and (C) Dealer shall be the party entitled to designate an Exchange Business Day as an Early Termination Date pursuant to Section 6(b) of the Agreement (which Exchange Business Day shall be on or as promptly as reasonably practicable after the occurrence of such acceleration).	
 
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 	(ii)	Within five Scheduled Trading Days promptly following any Repayment Event (as defined below), Counterparty shall notify Dealer of such Repayment Event and the aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes subject to such Repayment Event (any such notice, a “ Repayment Notice ”). The receipt by Dealer from Counterparty of any Repayment Notice shall constitute an Additional Termination Event as provided in this paragraph. Upon receipt of any such Repayment Notice, Dealer shall designate an Exchange Business Day following receipt of such Repayment Notice as an Early Termination Date with respect to the portion of the Transaction corresponding to a number of Options (the “ Repayment Options ”) equal to the lesser of (A) the aggregate principal amount of such Convertible Notes specified in such Repayment Notice, divided by USD 1,000 and (B) the Number of Options as of the date Dealer designates such Early Termination Date and, as of such date, the Number of Options shall be reduced by the number of Repayment Options. Any payment hereunder with respect to such termination (the “ Repayment Unwind Payment ”) shall be calculated pursuant to Section 6 of the Agreement as if (1) an Early Termination Date had been designated in respect of a Transaction having terms identical to the Transaction and a Number of Options equal to the number of Repayment Options, (2) Counterparty were the sole Affected Party with respect to such Additional Termination Event and (3) the terminated portion of the Transaction were the sole Affected Transaction. “ Repayment Event ” means that (i) any Convertible Notes are repurchased (whether in connection with or as a result of a fundamental change, howsoever defined, or for any other reason) by Counterparty or any of its subsidiaries, (ii) any Convertible Notes are delivered to Counterparty or any of its subsidiaries in exchange for delivery of any property or assets of such party (howsoever described), (iii) any principal of any of the Convertible Notes is repaid prior to the final maturity date of the Convertible Notes (for any reason other than as a result of an acceleration of the Convertible Notes that results in an Additional Termination Event pursuant to the preceding Section (m)(i)), or (iv) any Convertible Notes are exchanged by or for the benefit of the holders thereof for any other securities of Counterparty or any of its subsidiaries (or any other property, or any combination thereof) pursuant to any exchange offer or similar transaction. For the avoidance of doubt, any conversion of Convertible Notes pursuant to the terms of the Indenture shall not constitute a Repayment Event.	
 
 	(n) 	Amendments to Equity Definitions .	
 
 	(i)	Section 12.6(a)(ii) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by (1) deleting from the fourth line thereof the word “or” after the word “official” and inserting a comma therefor, and (2) deleting the semi-colon at the end of subsection (B) thereof and inserting the following words therefor “or (C) the occurrence of any of the events specified in Section 5(a)(vii)(1) through (9) of the ISDA Master Agreement with respect to that Issuer.”	
 
 	(ii)	Section 12.9(b)(i) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by (1) replacing “either party may elect” with “Dealer may elect” and (2) replacing “notice to the other party” with “notice to Counterparty” in the first sentence of such section.	
 
 	(o) 	Setoff . Each party waives any and all rights it may have to set off obligations arising under the Agreement and the Transaction against other obligations between the parties, whether arising under any other agreement, applicable law or otherwise.	
 
 	(p) 	Alternative Calculations and Payment on Early Termination and on Certain Extraordinary Events . If (a) an Early Termination Date (whether as a result of an Event of Default or a Termination Event) occurs or is designated with respect to the Transaction or (b) the Transaction is cancelled or terminated upon the occurrence of an Extraordinary Event (except as a result of (i) a Nationalization, Insolvency or Merger Event in which the consideration to be paid to holders of Shares consists solely of cash, (ii) a Merger Event that is within Counterparty’s control, or (iii) an Event of Default in which Counterparty is the Defaulting Party or a Termination Event in which Counterparty is the Affected Party other than an Event of Default of the type described in Section 5(a)(iii), (v), (vi), (vii) or (viii) of the Agreement or a Termination Event of the type described in Section 5(b) of the Agreement, in each case that resulted from an event or events outside Counterparty’s control), and if Dealer would owe any amount to Counterparty pursuant to Section 6(d)(ii) of the Agreement or any Cancellation Amount pursuant to Article 12 of the Equity Definitions (any such amount, a “ Payment Obligation ”), then Dealer shall satisfy the Payment Obligation by the Share Termination Alternative (as defined below), unless (a) Counterparty gives irrevocable telephonic notice to Dealer, confirmed in writing within one Scheduled Trading Day, no later than 12:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Merger Date, Announcement Date (in the case of a Nationalization, Insolvency or Delisting), Early Termination Date or date of cancellation, as applicable, of its election that the Share Termination Alternative shall not apply, (b) Counterparty remakes the representation set forth in Section 8(f) as of the date of such election and (c) Dealer agrees, such agreement not to be unreasonably withheld, to such election, in which case the provisions of Section 12.7 or Section 12.9 of the Equity Definitions, or the provisions of Section 6(d)(ii) of the Agreement, as the case may be, shall apply.	
 
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	 	Share Termination Alternative:	  	If applicable, Dealer shall deliver to Counterparty the Share Termination Delivery Property on, or within a commercially reasonable period of time after, the date when the relevant Payment Obligation would otherwise be due pursuant to Sections 12.7 or 12.9 of the Equity Definitions or Section 6(d)(ii) and 6(e) of the Agreement, as applicable, in satisfaction of such Payment Obligation in the manner reasonably requested by Counterparty free of payment.	
			
	 	Share Termination Delivery Property:	  	A number of Share Termination Delivery Units, as calculated by the Calculation Agent, equal to the Payment Obligation divided by the Share Termination Unit Price. The Calculation Agent shall adjust the Share Termination Delivery Property by replacing any fractional portion of a security therein with an amount of cash equal to the value of such fractional security based on the values used to calculate the Share Termination Unit Price.	
			
	 	Share Termination Unit Price:	  	The value to Dealer of property contained in one Share Termination Delivery Unit, as determined by the Calculation Agent in its discretion by commercially reasonable means and notified by the Calculation Agent to Dealer at the time of notification of the Payment Obligation. For the avoidance of doubt, the parties agree that in determining the Share Termination Delivery Unit Price the Calculation Agent may consider the purchase price paid in connection with the purchase of Share Termination Delivery Property.	
			
	 	Share Termination Delivery Unit:	  	One Share or, if the Shares have changed into cash or any other property or the right to receive cash or any other property as the result of a Nationalization, Insolvency or Merger Event (any such cash or other property, the “ Exchange Property ”), a unit consisting of the type and amount of such Exchange Property received by a holder of one Share (without consideration of any requirement to pay cash or other consideration in lieu of fractional amounts of any securities) in such Nationalization, Insolvency or Merger Event, as determined by the Calculation Agent.	
			
	 	Failure to Deliver:	  	Applicable	
			
	 	Other applicable provisions:	  	If Share Termination Alternative is applicable, the provisions of Sections 9.8, 9.9 and 9.11 (as modified above) of the Equity Definitions and the provisions set forth opposite the caption “Representation and Agreement” in Section 2 will be applicable, except that all references in such provisions to “Physically-settled” shall be read as references to “Share Termination Settled” and all references to “Shares” shall be read as references to “Share Termination Delivery Units”. “Share Termination Settled” in relation to the Transaction means that the Share Termination Alternative is applicable to the Transaction.	
 
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 	(q) 	Waiver of Jury Trial . Each party waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any right it may have to a trial by jury in respect of any suit, action or proceeding relating to the Transaction. Each party (i) certifies that no representative, agent or attorney of either party has represented, expressly or otherwise, that such other party would not, in the event of such a suit, action or proceeding, seek to enforce the foregoing waiver and (ii) acknowledges that it and the other party have been induced to enter into the Transaction, as applicable, by, among other things, the mutual waivers and certifications provided herein.	
 
 	(r) 	Registration . Counterparty hereby agrees that if, in the good faith reasonable judgment of Dealer, the Shares (“ Hedge Shares ”) acquired by Dealer for the purpose of hedging its obligations pursuant to the Transaction cannot be sold in the public market by Dealer without registration under the Securities Act, Counterparty shall, at its election, either (i) in order to allow Dealer to sell the Hedge Shares in a registered offering, make available to Dealer an effective registration statement under the Securities Act and enter into an agreement, substantially similar to underwriting agreements customary for registered secondary offerings of a substantially similar size, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Dealer; provided , however , that if Dealer, in its sole reasonable discretion, is not satisfied with access to due diligence materials, the results of its due diligence investigation, or the procedures and documentation for the registered offering referred to above, then clause (ii) or clause (iii) of this paragraph shall apply at the election of Counterparty, (ii) in order to allow Dealer to sell the Hedge Shares in a private placement, enter into a private placement agreement substantially similar to private placement purchase agreements customary for private placements of equity securities of a substantially similar size, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Dealer (in which case, the Calculation Agent shall make any adjustments to the terms of the Transaction that are necessary, in its reasonable judgment, to compensate Dealer for any discount from the public market price of the Shares incurred on the sale of Hedge Shares in a private placement), or (iii) purchase the Hedge Shares from Dealer at the Relevant Price on such Exchange Business Days, and in the amounts, requested by Dealer.	
 
 	(s) 	Tax Disclosure . Effective from the date of commencement of discussions concerning the Transaction, Counterparty and each of its employees, representatives, or other agents may disclose to any and all persons, without limitation of any kind, the tax treatment and tax structure of the Transaction and all materials of any kind (including opinions or other tax analyses) that are provided to Counterparty relating to such tax treatment and tax structure.	
 
 	(t) 	Right to Extend . Dealer may postpone or add, in whole or in part, any Valid Day or Valid Days during the Settlement Averaging Period or any other date of valuation, payment or delivery by Dealer, with respect to some or all of the Options hereunder, if Dealer reasonably determines, based on the advice of counsel, that such action is reasonably necessary or appropriate to preserve Dealer’s hedging or hedge unwind activity hereunder in light of existing liquidity conditions that are materially different from those in existence as of the Trade Date or to enable Dealer to effect purchases of Shares in connection with its hedging, hedge unwind or settlement activity hereunder in a manner that would, if Dealer were Counterparty or an affiliated purchaser of Counterparty, be in compliance with applicable legal, regulatory or self-regulatory requirements, or with related policies and procedures applicable to Dealer; provided that no such Valid Day or other date of valuation, payment or delivery may be postponed or added more than 50 Valid Days after the original Valid Day or other date of valuation, payment or delivery, as the case may be.	
 
23

 	(u) 	Status of Claims in Bankruptcy . Dealer acknowledges and agrees that this Confirmation is not intended to convey to Dealer rights against Counterparty with respect to the Transaction that are senior to the claims of common stockholders of Counterparty in any United States bankruptcy proceedings of Counterparty; provided that nothing herein shall limit or shall be deemed to limit Dealer’s right to pursue remedies in the event of a breach by Counterparty of its obligations and agreements with respect to the Transaction; provided , further , that nothing herein shall limit or shall be deemed to limit Dealer’s rights in respect of any transactions other than the Transaction.	
 
 	(v) 	Securities Contract; Swap Agreement . The parties hereto intend for (i) the Transaction to be a “securities contract” and a “swap agreement” as defined in the Bankruptcy Code, and the parties hereto to be entitled to the protections afforded by, among other Sections, Sections 362(b)(6), 362(b)(17), 546(e), 546(g), 555 and 560 of the Bankruptcy Code, (ii) a party’s right to liquidate the Transaction and to exercise any other remedies upon the occurrence of any Event of Default under the Agreement with respect to the other party to constitute a “contractual right” as described in the Bankruptcy Code, and (iii) each payment and delivery of cash, securities or other property hereunder to constitute a “margin payment” or “settlement payment” and a “transfer” as defined in the Bankruptcy Code.	
 
 	(w) 	Notice of Certain Other Events . Counterparty covenants and agrees that:	
 
 	(i)	promptly following the public announcement of the results of any election by the holders of Shares with respect to the consideration due upon consummation of any Merger Event, Counterparty shall give Dealer written notice of (x) the weighted average of the types and amounts of consideration that holders of Shares have elected to receive upon consummation of such Merger Event or (y) if no holders of Shares affirmatively make such election, the types and amounts of consideration actually received by holders of Shares (the date of such notification, the “ Consideration Notification Date ”); provided that in no event shall the Consideration Notification Date be later than the date on which such Merger Event is consummated; and	
 
 	(ii)	promptly following any adjustment to the Convertible Notes in connection with any Potential Adjustment Event or Merger Event, Counterparty shall give Dealer written notice of the details of such adjustment.	
 
 	(x) 	Wall Street Transparency and Accountability Act . In connection with Section 739 of the Wall Street Transparency and Accountability Act of 2010 (“ WSTAA ”), the parties hereby agree that neither the enactment of WSTAA or any regulation under the WSTAA, nor any requirement under WSTAA or an amendment made by WSTAA, shall limit or otherwise impair either party’s otherwise applicable rights to terminate, renegotiate, modify, amend or supplement this Confirmation or the Agreement, as applicable, arising from a termination event, force majeure, illegality, increased costs, regulatory change or similar event under this Confirmation, the Equity Definitions incorporated herein, or the Agreement (including, but not limited to, rights arising from Change in Law, Hedging Disruption, Increased Cost of Hedging, an Excess Ownership Position, or Illegality (as defined in the Agreement)).	
 
 	(y) 	Agreements and Acknowledgements Regarding Hedging . Counterparty understands, acknowledges and agrees that: (A) at any time on and prior to the Expiration Date, Dealer and its affiliates may buy or sell Shares or other securities or buy or sell options or futures contracts or enter into swaps or other derivative securities in order to adjust its hedge position with respect to the Transaction; (B) Dealer and its affiliates also may be active in the market for Shares other than in connection with hedging activities in relation to the Transaction; (C) Dealer shall make its own determination as to whether, when or in what manner any hedging or market activities in securities of Issuer shall be conducted and shall do so in a manner that it deems appropriate to hedge its price and market risk with respect to the Relevant Prices; and (D) any market activities of Dealer and its affiliates with respect to Shares may affect the market price and volatility of Shares, as well as the Relevant Prices, each in a manner that may be adverse to Counterparty.	
 
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 	(z) 	Early Unwind . In the event the sale of the “Underwritten Securities” (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) is not consummated with the Initial Purchasers for any reason, or Counterparty fails to deliver to Dealer opinions of counsel as required pursuant to Section 9(a), in each case by 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Premium Payment Date, or such later date as agreed upon by the parties (the Premium Payment Date or such later date, the “ Early Unwind Date ”),the Transaction shall automatically terminate (the “ Early Unwind ”)on the Early Unwind Date and (i) the Transaction and all of the respective rights and obligations of Dealer and Counterparty under the Transaction shall be cancelled and terminated and (ii) each party shall be released and discharged by the other party from and agrees not to make any claim against the other party with respect to any obligations or liabilities of the other party arising out of and to be performed in connection with the Transaction either prior to or after the Early Unwind Date. Each of Dealer and Counterparty represents and acknowledges to the other that, upon an Early Unwind, all obligations with respect to the Transaction shall be deemed fully and finally discharged.	
 
 	(aa) 	Payment by Counterparty . In the event that, following payment of the Premium, (i) an Early Termination Date occurs or is designated with respect to the Transaction as a result of a Termination Event or an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default arising under Section 5(a)(ii) or 5(a)(iv) of the Agreement) and, as a result, Counterparty owes to Dealer an amount calculated under Section 6(e) of the Agreement, or (ii) Counterparty owes to Dealer, pursuant to Section 12.7 or Section 12.9 of the Equity Definitions, an amount calculated under Section 12.8 of the Equity Definitions, such amount shall be deemed to be zero.	
 
 	(bb) 	Redomicile Transaction . Counterparty shall not enter into or consummate any Redomicile Transaction unless:	
 
 	(i)	Counterparty will be a corporation incorporated under the laws of the United States or any state thereof and a wholly-owned direct or indirect subsidiary of a successor Issuer immediately following such Redomicile Transaction, such successor Issuer fully and unconditionally guarantees the obligations of Counterparty under this Confirmation (the “ Guaranteed Obligations ”) and repeats to Dealer immediately following such Redomicile Transaction the representations and warranties set forth in Sections 8(a), 8(b), 8(c) and 8(d) of this Confirmation (as if references therein to (w) “Transaction” were replaced with “guarantee of the Guaranteed Obligations”, (x) “Counterparty” were replaced with “Issuer”, (y) “Confirmation” were replaced with “guarantee of the Guaranteed Obligations”) and (z) “any agreement or instrument filed as an exhibit to Counterparty’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, as updated by any subsequent filings” in Section 8(b) were replaced with “any agreement or instrument to which Issuer or its subsidiaries is a party or to which Issuer or any of its subsidiaries is subject”; or	
 
 	(ii)	the successor Issuer immediately following such Redomicile Transaction assumes Counterparty’s rights and obligations hereunder, becoming the “Counterparty” for all purposes hereunder, and such successor Counterparty immediately following such Redomicile Transaction repeats to Dealer immediately following such Redomicile Transaction the representations and warranties set forth in Sections 8(a), 8(b) and 8(c) of this Confirmation (as if references therein to (w) “execute, deliver” were replaced with “assume”, (x) “execution, delivery” and “execution and delivery” were replaced with “assumption”, (y) “executed and delivered” were replaced with “assumed” and (z) “any agreement or instrument filed as an exhibit to Counterparty’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, as updated by any subsequent filings” in Section 8(b) were replaced with “any agreement or instrument to which Counterparty or its subsidiaries is a party or to which Counterparty or any of its subsidiaries is subject”).	
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Confirmation, following consummation of any Redomicile Transaction pursuant to which Issuer following such Redomicile Transaction is organized under the laws of a jurisdiction other than the Islands of Bermuda, the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg, the Republic of Ireland, Canada or the United Kingdom, then such Redomicile Transaction shall constitute an Additional Termination Event applicable to the Transaction and, with respect to such Additional Termination Event, (A) Counterparty shall be deemed to be the sole Affected Party, (B) the Transaction shall be the sole Affected Transaction and (C) Dealer shall be the party entitled to designate an Early Termination Date pursuant to Section 6(b) of the Agreement.
 
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If, at any time following the occurrence of any Redomicile Transaction, Dealer reasonably determines in its good faith judgment, following consultation with Counterparty for a period of at least five Scheduled Trading Days (such consultation period, the “ Redomicile Event Consultation Period ”), that (i) (x) such Redomicile Transaction has had a material adverse effect on Dealer’s rights and obligations under the Transaction or (y) Dealer would incur an increased (as compared with circumstances existing on the Trade Date) amount of tax, duty, expense or fee to (1) acquire, establish, re-establish, substitute, maintain, unwind or dispose of any transaction(s) or asset(s) it deems necessary to hedge the economic risk of entering into and performing its obligations with respect to the Transaction, or (2) realize, recover or remit the proceeds of any such transaction(s) or asset(s) and (ii) Dealer cannot promptly avoid the occurrence of each such material adverse effect or increased tax, duty, expense or fee by (x) transferring or assigning Dealer’s rights and obligations under this Confirmation and the Agreement without Counterparty’s consent pursuant to Section 9(i) to an affiliate of Dealer that would not suffer any such material adverse effect or increased tax, duty, expense or fee (it being understood that Dealer need not take any action that does not meet the Avoidance Criteria), (y) using commercially reasonable efforts to avoid such material adverse effect or increased tax, duty, expense or fee (it being understood that Dealer need not take any action that does not meet the Avoidance Criteria) or (z) amending the terms of this Confirmation (whether because amendments would not avoid such occurrence or because Counterparty fails to agree promptly to such amendments) (it being understood, for the avoidance of doubt, that an event described in clause (i)(x) or clause (i)(y) above for which Dealer can avoid the occurrence of the relevant material adverse effect or increased tax, duty, expense or fee after giving effect to the related Price Adjustment referred to below shall be a Redomicile Event notwithstanding this clause (ii)(z)) (each of the events described in clause (i)(x) and clause (i)(y) above that also satisfies the conditions set forth in clause (ii) above, a “ Redomicile Event ”), then, in either case, Dealer shall give prompt notice to Counterparty of such Redomicile Event.
“ Avoidance Criteria ” means with respect to an action by a party, as determined by the Calculation Agent in good faith, that (i) such action is legal (and, in the case of a Change in Law, in the reasonable judgment of Dealer is within the intent of the law or regulation that is the subject of the Change in Law) and complies with all applicable regulations, rules (including by self-regulatory organizations) and policies (whether written or oral) including policies of such party, (ii) such action would not cause or, in the judgment of Dealer, would not create a material risk of causing, an Additional Disruption Event (ignoring, for this purpose, any requirement to avoid such Additional Disruption Event as set forth herein), (iii) if such party or an affiliate is to establish one or more alternative Hedge Positions, there is sufficient liquidity in those alternative Hedge Positions available for that Hedging Party to hedge the Transaction and all other transactions into which that party has entered and for which that party determines that it needs to utilize those alternative Hedge Positions, (iv) such action is known by that party or known by other financial institutions that are leading derivatives dealers that are generally willing to enter into transactions similar to the Transaction; (v) by taking such action, such party would not incur, or there would not be a material risk that such party would incur, any one or more of an increased operational or administrative burden or expense, increased performance cost, increased hedging cost or increased capital charges (in each case as compared to circumstances on the Trade Date), (vi) such action would not require such party to (A) enter into arrangements with a counterparty, custodian, depositary and/or other third party that has no existing business relationship with that party in relation to positions, contracts, instruments, transactions, or other arrangements similar in type to such action or (B) exceed, individually or together with any other positions, contracts, transactions, instruments or other arrangements into which such party has entered (individually or on a portfolio basis), investment quotas, position limits, investment level restrictions, internal client limits, credit limits or risk-based requirements of such party, in each case, existing as of the Trade Date and regardless of whether imposed by law, governmental authority or regulation, and (vii) by taking such action, it would not be necessary for that party to make any filing or submission to any government or regulatory authority (including a taxing authority) and (viii) as applied to an avoidance of an Excess Ownership Position, such action does not cause, or would not create a material risk of causing, an interference or disruption to such party’s normal business practice or client service including, without limitation, market-making, trust or custody service.
 
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Concurrently with delivering such notice, Dealer shall give notice to Counterparty of a commercially reasonable Price Adjustment that Dealer determines, in its good faith, commercially reasonable judgment, appropriate to account for the economic effect on the Transaction of such Redomicile Event and provide Counterparty with supporting documentation for such Price Adjustment (unless Dealer determines in its good faith, commercially reasonable judgment that no Price Adjustment will produce a commercially reasonable result, in which case Dealer shall so notify Counterparty). Unless Dealer determines in its good faith, commercially reasonable judgment that no Price Adjustment will produce a commercially reasonable result, within two Scheduled Trading Days of receipt of such notice, Counterparty shall notify Dealer that it agrees that Dealer’s determination of Price Adjustment is commercially reasonable (and Counterparty shall be deemed to have repeated the representation set forth in Section 8(f) of this Confirmation as of the date of such election). If Counterparty fails to give such notice to Dealer of its election by the end of that second Scheduled Trading Day, or if Dealer determines in its good faith, commercially reasonable judgment that no Price Adjustment will produce a commercially reasonable result, then such failure or such determination, as the case may be, shall constitute an Additional Termination Event applicable to the Transaction and, with respect to such Additional Termination Event, (1) Counterparty shall be deemed to be the sole Affected Party, (2) the Transaction shall be the sole Affected Transaction and (3) Dealer shall be the party entitled to designate an Early Termination Date pursuant to Section 6(b) of the Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, the parties hereto agree and acknowledge that the occurrence of a Redomicile Event shall not preclude the occurrence of one or more additional, subsequent Redomicile Events, it being understood and agreed that any Price Adjustment described in clause (A) above and/or any payment described in clause (B) above shall be calculated without duplication in respect of any prior such Price Adjustment and/or payment. For purposes of the foregoing, Dealer will be deemed to have not determined that no Price Adjustment will produce a commercially reasonable result unless Dealer has consulted with Counterparty regarding such Price Adjustment determination for a period of at least five Scheduled Trading Days (it being understood that such consultation period may run concurrently with the Redomicile Event Consultation Period for the related Redomicile Event if Counterparty receives notice of such Price Adjustment determination prior to the start of such Redomicile Event Consultation Period).
 
 	(cc) 	U.S. Federal Withholding Tax . If Counterparty transfers or assigns its rights and obligations hereunder with respect to the Options to a person that is not a United States person (as defined in the Code), the term “Indemnifiable Tax” as defined in Section 14 of the Agreement shall not include any U.S. federal withholding tax including, but not limited to (i) any tax imposed or collected pursuant to Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code, any current or future regulations or official interpretations thereof, any agreement entered into pursuant to Section 1471(b) of the Code, or any fiscal or regulatory legislation, rules or practices adopted pursuant to any intergovernmental agreement entered into in connection with the implementation of such Sections of the Code (a “ FATCA Withholding Tax ”), (ii) any tax imposed on amounts treated as dividends from sources within the United States under Section 871(m) of the Code (or the United States Treasury Regulations or other guidance issued thereunder), or (iii) any tax imposed on amounts treated as distributions of property under Section 305 of the Code. For the avoidance of doubt, a FATCA Withholding Tax is a Tax the deduction or withholding of which is required by applicable law for the purposes of Section 2(d) of the Agreement.	
 
 	(dd) 	Part 2(b) of the ISDA Schedule – Payee Representation .	
 
 	(i)	For the purpose of Section 3(f) of this Agreement, Counterparty makes the following representation to Dealer:	
Counterparty is a corporation established under the laws of the State of Delaware and is a “United States person” (as that term is defined in Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code).
 
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 	(ii)	For the purpose of Section 3(f) of this Agreement, Dealer makes the following representation to Counterparty:	
Each payment received or to be received by it in connection with this Agreement is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business by Dealer within the United States; and
It is a “foreign person” (as that term is used in Section 1.6041-4(a)(4) of the United States Treasury Regulations) for United States federal income tax purposes.
 
 	(ee) 	Part 3(a) of the ISDA Schedule – Tax Forms :	

Party Required to
Deliver Document	  	Form/Document/Certificate	  	Date by which to be Delivered	
Counterparty	  	A complete and duly executed United States Internal Revenue Service Form W-9 (or successor thereto.)	  	(i) Upon execution and delivery of this Agreement; (ii) promptly upon reasonable demand by Dealer; and (iii) promptly upon learning that any such Form previously provided by Counterparty has become obsolete or incorrect.	
			
Dealer	  	A complete and duly executed United States Internal Revenue Service Form W-8ECI (or successor thereto)	  	(i) Upon execution and delivery of this Agreement; (ii) promptly upon reasonable demand by Counterparty; and (iii) promptly upon learning that any such Form previously provided by Dealer has become obsolete or incorrect.	
 
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Please confirm that the foregoing correctly sets forth the terms of our agreement by executing this Confirmation and returning it to Dealer.

			
Very truly yours,	

ROYAL BANK OF CANADA
by its agent
RBC Capital Markets, LLC	
		
By:	 	s/ Dawn T. Laabs	
Authorized Signatory	
Name:	
Accepted and confirmed
as of the Trade Date:

IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.	
		
By:	 	s/ Bryan Reasons	
Authorized Signatory	
Name:	
[Bond Hedge Signature Page]

Exhibit 10.17

	 		 	
 
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
3 World Financial Center
200 Vesey Street
New York, New York 10281
Telephone: (212) 858-7000
 
June 26, 2015	
 
To:	Impax Laboratories, Inc.	
    	30831 Huntwood Avenue	
    	Hayward, CA 94544	
    	Attention:                 Mark Schlossberg, SVP & General Counsel	
    	Telephone No.:        (510) 240-6000	
    	Facsimile No.:         (510) 240-6096	
 
Re:	Additional Warrants	
The purpose of this letter agreement (this “ Confirmation ”) is to confirm the terms and conditions of the Warrants issued by Impax Laboratories, Inc. (“ Company ”) to Royal Bank of Canada (“ Dealer ”) as of the Trade Date specified below (the “ Transaction ”). This letter agreement constitutes a “Confirmation” as referred to in the ISDA Master Agreement specified below. This Confirmation shall replace any previous agreements and serve as the final documentation for the Transaction.
The definitions and provisions contained in the 2002 ISDA Equity Derivatives Definitions (the “ Equity Definitions ”), as published by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. (“ ISDA ”), are incorporated into this Confirmation. In the event of any inconsistency between the Equity Definitions and this Confirmation, this Confirmation shall govern.
Each party is hereby advised, and each such party acknowledges, that the other party has engaged in, or refrained from engaging in, substantial financial transactions and has taken other material actions in reliance upon the parties’ entry into the Transaction to which this Confirmation relates on the terms and conditions set forth below.
1. This Confirmation evidences a complete and binding agreement between Dealer and Company as to the terms of the Transaction to which this Confirmation relates. This Confirmation shall supplement, form a part of, and be subject to an agreement in the form of the 2002 ISDA Master Agreement (the “ Agreement ”) as if Dealer and Company had executed an agreement in such form (but without any Schedule except for (i) the election of the laws of the State of New York as the governing law (without reference to choice of law doctrine) and (ii) the election that the “Cross Default” provisions of Section 5(a)(vi) of the Agreement will apply to Company as if (a) the phrase”, or becoming capable at such time of being declared,” were deleted from Section 5(a)(vi)(1) of the Agreement, (b) the “Threshold Amount” were USD 35,000,000 and (c) the following language were added to the end of Section 5(a)(vi): “Notwithstanding the foregoing, a default under subsection (2) hereof shall not constitute an Event of Default if (x) the default was caused solely by error or omission of an administrative or operational nature; (y) funds were available to enable the party to make the payment when due; and (z) the payment is made within two Local Business Days of such party’s receipt of written notice of its failure to pay.”) on the Trade Date. In the event of any inconsistency between provisions of that Agreement and this Confirmation, this Confirmation will prevail for the purpose of the Transaction to which this Confirmation relates. The parties hereby agree that no Transaction other than the Transaction to which this Confirmation relates shall be governed by the Agreement.

2. The Transaction is a Warrant Transaction, which shall be considered a Share Option Transaction for purposes of the Equity Definitions. The terms of the particular Transaction to which this Confirmation relates are as follows:

	  	General Terms.	  		
			
	  	Trade Date:	  	June 26, 2015	
			
	  	Effective Date:	  	The Trade Date	
			
	  	Warrants:	  	Equity call warrants, each giving the holder the right to purchase a number of Shares equal to the Warrant Entitlement at a price per Share equal to the Strike Price, subject to the terms set forth under the caption “Settlement Terms” below. For the purposes of the Equity Definitions, each reference to a Warrant herein shall be deemed to be a reference to a Call Option.	
			
	  	Warrant Style:	  	European	
			
	  	Seller:	  	Company	
			
	  	Buyer:	  	Dealer	
			
	  	Shares:	  	The common stock of Company, par value USD 0.01 per share (Exchange symbol “IPXL”)	
			
	  	Number of Warrants:	  	1,578,580. For the avoidance of doubt, the Number of Warrants shall be reduced by any Warrants exercised or deemed exercised hereunder. In no event will the Number of Warrants be less than zero.	
			
	  	Warrant Entitlement:	  	One Share per Warrant	
			
	  	Strike Price:	  	USD 81.2770.	
			
	  		  	Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Agreement, this Confirmation or the Equity Definitions, in no event shall the Strike Price be subject to adjustment to the extent that, after giving effect to such adjustment, the Strike Price would be less than USD 47.81, except for any adjustment pursuant to the terms of this Confirmation and the Equity Definitions in connection with stock splits or similar changes to Company’s capitalization.	
			
	  	Premium:	  	USD 14,720,000.00	
			
	  	Premium Payment Date:	  	The closing date of the initial issuance of the Company’s 2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due June 15, 2022	
			
	  	Exchange:	  	The NASDAQ Global Market	
			
	  	Related Exchange(s):	  	All Exchanges	
			
	  	Procedures for Exercise .	  		
			
	  	Expiration Time:	  	The Valuation Time	
 
2

					
	  	Expiration Dates:	  	Each Scheduled Trading Day during the period from, and including, the First Expiration Date to, but excluding, the 100 th Scheduled Trading Day following the First Expiration Date shall be an “Expiration Date” for a number of Warrants equal to the Daily Number of Warrants on such date; provided that, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Equity Definitions, if any such date is a Disrupted Day, the Calculation Agent shall in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner make adjustments, if applicable, to the Daily Number of Warrants or shall reduce such Daily Number of Warrants to zero for which such day shall be an Expiration Date and shall designate a Scheduled Trading Day or a number of Scheduled Trading Days as the Expiration Date(s) for the remaining Daily Number of Warrants or a portion thereof for the originally scheduled Expiration Date; and provided further that if such Expiration Date has not occurred pursuant to this clause as of the eighth Scheduled Trading Day following the last scheduled Expiration Date under the Transaction, then such Scheduled Trading Day shall be deemed to be an Expiration Date for the relevant Daily Number of Warrants and the Calculation Agent shall determine its good faith estimate of the fair market value for the Shares as of the Valuation Time on that eighth Scheduled Trading Day.	
			
	  	First Expiration Date:	  	September 15, 2022 (or if such day is not a Scheduled Trading Day, the next following Scheduled Trading Day), subject to Market Disruption Event below.	
			
	  	Daily Number of Warrants:	  	For any Expiration Date, the Number of Warrants that have not expired or been exercised as of such day, divided by the remaining number of Expiration Dates (including such day), rounded down to the nearest whole number, subject to adjustment pursuant to the provisos to “Expiration Dates”.	
			
	  	Automatic Exercise:	  	Applicable; and means that for each Expiration Date, a number of Warrants equal to the Daily Number of Warrants for such Expiration Date will be deemed to be automatically exercised at the Expiration Time on such Expiration Date.	
			
	  	Market Disruption Event:	  	Section 6.3(a) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by replacing clause (ii) in its entirety with “(ii) an Exchange Disruption, or” and inserting immediately following clause (iii) the phrase “; in each case that the Calculation Agent determines is material.”
 
Section 6.3(d) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by deleting the remainder of the provision following the words “Scheduled Closing Time” in the fourth line thereof.	
			
	  	Valuation Terms .	  		
			
	  	Valuation Time:	  	Scheduled Closing Time; provided that if the principal trading session is extended, the Calculation Agent shall determine the Valuation Time in its reasonable discretion.	
			
	  	Valuation Date:	  	Each Exercise Date.	
 
3

					
	  	Settlement Terms.	  		
			
	  	Settlement Method Election:	  	Applicable; provided that (i) references to “Physical Settlement” in Section 7.1 of the Equity Definitions shall be replaced by references to “Net Share Settlement”; (ii) Company may elect Cash Settlement only if Company represents and warrants to Dealer in writing on the date of such election that (A) Company and its Affiliates are not in possession of any material non-public information regarding Company or the Shares, (B) Company is electing Cash Settlement in good faith and not as part of a plan or scheme to evade compliance with the federal securities laws, and (C) the assets of Company at their fair valuation exceed the liabilities of Company (including contingent liabilities), the capital of Company is adequate to conduct the business of Company, and Company has the ability to pay its debts and obligations as such debts mature and does not intend to, or does not believe that it will, incur debt beyond its ability to pay as such debts mature; and (iii) the same election of settlement method shall apply to all Expiration Dates hereunder.	
			
	  	Electing Party:	  	Company	
			
	  	Settlement Method Election Date:	  	The third Scheduled Trading Day immediately preceding the First Expiration Date.	
			
	  	Default Settlement Method:	  	Net Share Settlement	
			
	  	Net Share Settlement:	  	If Net Share Settlement is applicable, then on the relevant Settlement Date, Company shall deliver to Dealer a number of Shares equal to the Share Delivery Quantity for such Settlement Date to the account specified herein free of payment through the Clearance System, and Dealer shall be treated as the holder of record of such Shares at the time of delivery of such Shares or, if earlier, at 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on such Settlement Date, and Company shall pay to Dealer cash in lieu of any fractional Share based on the Settlement Price on the relevant Valuation Date.	
			
	  	Share Delivery Quantity:	  	For any Settlement Date, a number of Shares, as calculated by the Calculation Agent, equal to the Net Share Settlement Amount for such Settlement Date divided by the Settlement Price on the Valuation Date for such Settlement Date.	
			
	  	Net Share Settlement Amount:	  	For any Settlement Date, an amount equal to the product of (i) the number of Warrants exercised or deemed exercised on the relevant Exercise Date , (ii) the Strike Price Differential for the relevant Valuation Date and (iii) the Warrant Entitlement.	
			
	  	Cash Settlement:	  	If Cash Settlement is applicable, on the relevant Settlement Date, Company shall pay to Dealer an amount of cash in USD equal to the Net Share Settlement Amount for such Settlement Date.	
 
4

					
	  	Settlement Price:	  	For any Valuation Date, the per Share volume-weighted average price as displayed under the heading “Bloomberg VWAP” on Bloomberg page IPXL <equity> AQR (or any successor thereto) in respect of the period from the scheduled opening time of the Exchange to the Scheduled Closing Time on such Valuation Date (or if such volume-weighted average price is unavailable, the market value of one Share on such Valuation Date, as determined by the Calculation Agent). Notwithstanding the foregoing, if (i) any Expiration Date is a Disrupted Day and (ii) the Calculation Agent determines that such Expiration Date shall be an Expiration Date for fewer than the Daily Number of Warrants, as described above, then the Settlement Price for the relevant Valuation Date shall be the volume-weighted average price per Share on such Valuation Date on the Exchange, as determined by the Calculation Agent based on such sources as it deems appropriate using a volume-weighted methodology, for the portion of such Valuation Date for which the Calculation Agent determines there is no Market Disruption Event.	
			
	  	Settlement Dates:	  	As determined pursuant to Section 9.4 of the Equity Definitions, subject to Section 9(m)(i) hereof; provided that Section 9.4 of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by (i) inserting the words “or cash” immediately following the word “Shares” in the first line thereof and (ii) inserting the words “for the Shares” immediately following the words “Settlement Cycle” in the second line thereof.	
			
	  	Other Applicable Provisions:	  	If Net Share Settlement is applicable, the provisions of Sections 9.1(c), 9.8, 9.9, 9.11 and 9.12 of the Equity Definitions will be applicable, except that all references in such provisions to “Physically-settled” shall be read as references to “Net Share Settled.” “Net Share Settled” in relation to any Warrant means that Net Share Settlement is applicable to that Warrant.	
			
	  	Representation and Agreement:	  	Notwithstanding Section 9.11 of the Equity Definitions, the parties acknowledge that (i) any Shares delivered to Dealer may be, upon delivery, subject to restrictions and limitations arising from Company’s status as issuer of the Shares under applicable securities laws and (ii) any Shares delivered to Dealer may be “restricted securities” (as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Securities Act ”)).	
		
3 .	  	Additional Terms applicable to the Transaction.	
		
	  	Adjustments applicable to the Transaction:	
			
	  	Method of Adjustment:	  	Calculation Agent Adjustment, except that any adjustment in respect of a Potential Adjustment Event shall be made in a commercially reasonable manner and in consultation with Company. For the avoidance of doubt, in making any adjustments under the Equity Definitions, the Calculation Agent may make adjustments, if any, to any one or more of the Strike Price, the Number of Warrants, the Daily Number of Warrants and the Warrant Entitlement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any cash dividends or distributions on the Shares, whether or not extraordinary, shall be governed by Section 9(h) of this Confirmation in lieu of Article 10 or Section 11.2(c) of the Equity Definitions.	
 
5

					
	  	Extraordinary Events applicable to the Transaction:	  		
			
	  	New Shares:	  	Section 12.1(i) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended (a) by deleting the text in clause (i) thereof in its entirety (including the word “and” following clause (i)) and replacing it with the phrase “publicly quoted, traded or listed (or whose related depositary receipts are publicly quoted, traded or listed) on any of the New York Stock Exchange, The NASDAQ Global Select Market or The NASDAQ Global Market (or their respective successors)” and (b) by inserting immediately prior to the period the phrase “and (iii) of an entity or person that is a corporation”.	
			
	  	Consequence of Merger Events:	  		
			
	  	Merger Event:	  	Applicable, except that any adjustment in respect of a Merger Event shall be made in a commercially reasonable manner and in consultation with Company; provided that if an event occurs that constitutes both a Merger Event under Section 12.1(b) of the Equity Definitions and an Additional Termination Event under Section 9(j)(ii)(B) of this Confirmation, the provisions of Section 9(j)(ii)(B) will apply.	
			
	  	Share-for-Share:	  	Modified Calculation Agent Adjustment	
			
	  	Share-for-Other:	  	Cancellation and Payment (Calculation Agent Determination)	
			
	  	Share-for-Combined:	  	Component Adjustment	
			
	  	Modified Calculation	  		
	  	Agent Adjustment:	  	If, in respect of any Merger Event to which Modified Calculation Agent Adjustment applies, the adjustments to be made in accordance with Section 12.2(e)(i) of the Equity Definitions would result in Company being different from the issuer of the Shares, then with respect to such Merger Event, as a condition precedent to the adjustments contemplated in Section 12.2(e)(i) of the Equity Definitions, Dealer, the Issuer of the Affected Shares and the entity that will be the Issuer of the New Shares shall, prior to the Merger Date, have entered into such documentation containing agreements relating to “tacking” and “holding period” related considerations under U.S. securities law and credit exposure assumed by Dealer as the result of the Merger Event, as reasonably requested by Dealer that Dealer has determined, in its good faith, reasonable judgment, to be reasonably necessary or appropriate to allow Dealer to continue as a party to the Transaction, as adjusted under Section 12.2(e)(i) of the Equity Definitions, and to preserve its hedging or hedge unwind activities in connection with the Transaction in a manner compliant with applicable legal and regulatory requirements, and if such conditions are not met or if the Calculation Agent reasonably determines that no adjustment that it could make under Section 12.2(e)(i) of the Equity Definitions will produce a commercially reasonable result, then the consequences set forth in Section 12.2(e)(ii) of the Equity Definitions shall apply.	
 
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	  	Consequence of Tender Offers:	  		
			
	  	Tender Offer:	  	Applicable; provided that Section 12.1(d) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by replacing “10%” with “25%”; provided, further ,that if an event occurs that constitutes both a Tender Offer under Section 12.1(d) of the Equity Definitions and Additional Termination Event under Section 9(j)(ii)(A) of this Confirmation, the provisions of Section 9(j)(ii)(A) will apply.	
			
	  	Share-for-Share:	  	Modified Calculation Agent Adjustment	
			
	  	Share-for-Other:	  	Modified Calculation Agent Adjustment	
			
	  	Share-for-Combined:	  	Modified Calculation Agent Adjustment	
			
	  	Consequences of Announcement Events:	  	Modified Calculation Agent Adjustment as set forth in Section 12.3(d) of the Equity Definitions, except that any adjustment in respect of an Announcement Event shall be made in a commercially reasonable manner and in consultation with Company; provided that, in respect of an Announcement Event, (x) references to “Tender Offer” shall be replaced by references to “Announcement Event” and references to “Tender Offer Date” shall be replaced by references to “date of such Announcement Event” and (y) for the avoidance of doubt, the Calculation Agent may determine whether the relevant Announcement Event has had a material effect on the Transaction (and, if so, adjust the terms of the Transaction accordingly in a commercially reasonable manner) on one or more occasions on or after the date of the Announcement Event but no later than the Expiration Date, any Early Termination Date and/or any other date of cancellation, it being understood that any adjustment in respect of an Announcement Event shall take into account any earlier adjustment relating to the same Announcement Event. An Announcement Event shall be an “Extraordinary Event” for purposes of the Equity Definitions, to which Article 12 of the Equity Definitions is applicable.	
 
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	  	Announcement Event:	  	(i) The public announcement by any entity of (x) any transaction or event that is reasonably likely to be completed, as determined by the Calculation Agent and, if completed, would constitute a Merger Event or Tender Offer, (y) any potential acquisition by Issuer and/or its subsidiaries where the aggregate consideration exceeds 15% of the market capitalization of Issuer as of the date of such announcement (an “ Acquisition Transaction ”) or (z) the intention to enter into a Merger Event or Tender Offer or an Acquisition Transaction, (ii) the public announcement by Issuer of an intention to solicit or enter into, or to explore strategic alternatives or other similar undertaking that may include, a Merger Event or Tender Offer or an Acquisition Transaction or (iii) any subsequent public announcement by any entity of a change to a transaction or intention that is the subject of an announcement of the type described in clause (i) or (ii) of this sentence (including, without limitation, a new announcement, whether or not by the same party, relating to such a transaction or intention or the announcement of a withdrawal from, or the abandonment or discontinuation of, such a transaction or intention), as determined by the Calculation Agent. For the avoidance of doubt, the occurrence of an Announcement Event with respect to any transaction or intention shall not preclude the occurrence of a later Announcement Event with respect to such transaction or intention. For purposes of this definition of “Announcement Event,” the remainder of the definition of “Merger Event” in Section 12.1(b) of the Equity Definitions following the definition of “Reverse Merger” therein shall be disregarded.	
			
	  	Nationalization, Insolvency or Delisting:	  	Cancellation and Payment (Calculation Agent Determination); provided that, in addition to the provisions of Section 12.6(a)(iii) of the Equity Definitions, it will also constitute a Delisting if the Exchange is located in the United States and the Shares are not immediately re-listed, re-traded or re-quoted on any of the New York Stock Exchange, The NASDAQ Global Select Market or The NASDAQ Global Market (or their respective successors); if the Shares are immediately re-listed, re-traded or re-quoted on any of the New York Stock Exchange, The NASDAQ Global Select Market or The NASDAQ Global Market (or their respective successors), such exchange or quotation system shall thereafter be deemed to be the Exchange.	
			
	  	Additional Disruption Events:	  		
			
	  	Change in Law:	  	Applicable; provided that Section 12.9(a)(ii) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by (i) replacing the word “Shares” with the phrase “Hedge Positions” in clause (X) thereof and (ii) inserting the parenthetical “(including, for the avoidance of doubt and without limitation, adoption or promulgation of new regulations authorized or mandated by existing statute)” at the end of clause (A) thereof.	
			
	  	Failure to Deliver:	  	Not Applicable	
			
	  	Insolvency Filing:	  	Applicable	
 
8

					
			
	  	Hedging Disruption:	  	Applicable; provided that,	
			
	  		  	(i) Section 12.9(a)(v) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by (a) inserting the following words at the end of clause (A) thereof: “in the manner contemplated by the Hedging Party on the Trade Date” and (b) inserting the following two phrases at the end of such Section:
 
       “For the avoidance of doubt, the term “equity price risk” shall be deemed to include, but shall not be limited to, stock price and volatility risk. And, for the further avoidance of doubt, any such transactions or assets referred to in phrases (A) or (B) above must be available on commercially reasonable pricing terms.”; and	
			
	  		  	(ii)  Section 12.9(b)(iii) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by inserting in the third line thereof, after the words “to terminate the Transaction”, the words “or a portion of the Transaction affected by such Hedging Disruption”.	
			
	  	Increased Cost of Hedging:	  	Applicable	
			
	  	Loss of Stock Borrow:	  	Applicable	
			
	  	Maximum Stock Loan Rate:	  	200 basis points	
			
	  	Increased Cost of Stock Borrow:	  	Applicable	
			
	  	Initial Stock Loan Rate:	  	0 basis points until June 15, 2022 and 25 basis points thereafter.	
			
	  	Hedging Party:	  	For all applicable Additional Disruption Events, Dealer.	
			
	  	Determining Party:	  	For all applicable Extraordinary Events, Dealer.	
			
	  	Non-Reliance:	  	Applicable	
			
	  	Agreements and Acknowledgments	  		
	  	Regarding Hedging Activities:	  	Applicable	
			
	  	Additional Acknowledgments:	  	Applicable	
 
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4.	  	Calculation Agent .	  	Dealer, whose judgments, determinations and calculations shall be made in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner; provided that, following the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default of the type described in Section 5(a)(vii) of the Agreement with respect to which Dealer is the sole Defaulting Party, if the Calculation Agent fails to timely make any calculation, adjustment or determination required to be made by the Calculation Agent hereunder or to perform any obligation of the Calculation Agent hereunder and such failure continues for five (5) Exchange Business Days following notice to the Calculation Agent by Company of such failure, Company shall have the right to designate a nationally recognized third-party dealer in over-the-counter corporate equity derivatives to act, during the period commencing on the date such Event of Default occurred and ending on the Early Termination Date with respect to such Event of Default, as the Calculation Agent. Following any determination or calculation by the Calculation Agent hereunder, upon a request by Company, the Calculation Agent shall promptly (but in any event within five Scheduled Trading Days) provide to Company by e-mail to the e-mail address provided by Company in such request a report (in a commonly used file format for the storage and manipulation of financial data) displaying in reasonable detail the basis for such determination or calculation (including any assumptions used in making such determination or calculation), it being understood that the Calculation Agent shall not be obligated to disclose any proprietary models or proprietary or confidential information used by it for such determination or calculation.	
 
5. 	Account Details .	
 
 	(a)	Account for payments to Company:	
To be provided by Company.
Account for delivery of Shares from Company:
To be provided by Company.
 
 	(b)	Account for payments to Dealer:	
ABA: 021000021
JP Morgan Chase NY (CHASUS33)
A/C Royal Bank of Canada, NY Branch (ROYCUS3X)
A/C#: 920-1-033363
FFC A/C Name: RBC US Transit
FFC A/C#: 012692041499
Reference: Impax Laboratories, Inc.
Account for delivery of Shares to Dealer:
To be provided by Dealer.
 
6. 	Offices .	
 
 	(a)	The Office of Company for the Transaction is: Inapplicable, Company is not a Multibranch Party.	
 
 	(b)	The Office of Dealer for the Transaction is: New York	
Royal Bank of Canada
c/o RBC Capital Markets, LLC
3 World Financial Center
200 Vesey Street
New York, New York 10281
Attention:        Structured Derivatives Documentation
Telephone:      (212) 858-7000
Facsimile:       (212) 428-3053
 
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7. 	Notices .	
 
 	(a)	Address for notices or communications to Company:	
Impax Laboratories, Inc.
30831 Huntwood Avenue
Hayward, CA 94544
Attention:             Mark Schlossberg, SVP & General Counsel
Telephone No.:     (510) 240-6000
Facsimile No.:       (510) 240-6096
Address for notices or communications to Dealer:
Royal Bank of Canada
c/o RBC Capital Markets, LLC
3 World Financial Center
200 Vesey Street
New York, New York 10281
Attention:     Structured Derivatives Documentation
Telephone:   (212) 858-7000
Facsimile:     (212) 428-3053
Email:           RBCECMCorporateEquityLinkedDocumentation@rbc.com
 
8. 	Representations and Warranties of Company .	
Other than for purposes of Section 5(a)(iv) of the Agreement, each of the representations and warranties of Company set forth in Section 3 of the Purchase Agreement (the “ Purchase Agreement ”), dated as of June 25, 2015, between Company and RBC Capital Markets, LLC, as representative of the initial purchasers party thereto (the “ Initial Purchasers ”), are true and correct and are hereby deemed to be repeated to Dealer as if set forth herein. Company hereby further represents and warrants to Dealer on the date hereof, on and as of the Premium Payment Date and, in the case of the representations in Section 8(d), at all times until termination of the Transaction, that:
 
 	(a)	Company has all necessary corporate power and authority to execute, deliver and perform its obligations in respect of the Transaction; such execution, delivery and performance have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on Company’s part; and this Confirmation has been duly and validly executed and delivered by Company and constitutes its valid and binding obligation, enforceable against Company in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights and remedies generally, and subject, as to enforceability, to general principles of equity, including principles of commercial reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in a proceeding at law or in equity) and except that rights to indemnification and contribution hereunder may be limited by federal or state securities laws or public policy relating thereto.	
 
 	(b)	Neither the execution and delivery of this Confirmation nor the incurrence or performance of obligations of Company hereunder will conflict with or result in a breach of the certificate of incorporation or by-laws (or any equivalent documents) of Company, or any applicable law or regulation, or any order, writ, injunction or decree of any court or governmental authority or agency, or any agreement or instrument filed as an exhibit to Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, as updated by any subsequent filings, or constitute a default under, or result in the creation of any lien under, any such agreement or instrument.	
 
 	(c)	No consent, approval, authorization, or order of, or filing with, any governmental agency or body or any court is required in connection with the execution, delivery or performance by Company of this Confirmation, except such as have been obtained or made and such as may be required under the Securities Act or state securities laws.	
 
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 	(d)	A number of Shares equal to 2,108,853 (the “ Warrant Shares ”) have been reserved for issuance by all required corporate action of Company. The Warrant Shares have been duly authorized and, when delivered against payment therefor (which may include Net Share Settlement in lieu of cash) and otherwise as contemplated by the terms of the Warrants following the exercise of the Warrants in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Warrants, will be validly issued, fully-paid and non-assessable, and the issuance of the Warrant Shares will not be subject to any preemptive or similar rights.	
 
 	(e)	Company is not and, after consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, will not be required to register as an “investment company” as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.	
 
 	(f)	Company is an “eligible contract participant” (as such term is defined in Section 1a(18) of the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended, other than a person that is an eligible contract participant under Section 1a(18)(C) of the Commodity Exchange Act).	
 
 	(g)	Company and each of its affiliates is not, on the date hereof, in possession of any material non-public information with respect to Company or the Shares.	
 
 	(h)	To Company’s knowledge, no state or local (including any non-U.S. jurisdiction’s) law, rule, regulation or regulatory order applicable to the Shares would give rise to any reporting, consent, registration or other requirement (including without limitation a requirement to obtain prior approval from any person or entity) as a result of Dealer or its affiliates owning or holding (however defined) Shares.	
 
 	(i)	Company (A) is capable of evaluating investment risks independently, both in general and with regard to all transactions and investment strategies involving a security or securities; (B) will exercise independent judgment in evaluating the recommendations of any broker-dealer or its associated persons, unless it has otherwise notified the broker-dealer in writing; and (C) has total assets of at least $50 million.	
 
 	(j)	Without limiting the generality of Section 13.1 of the Equity Definitions, Company acknowledges that Dealer is not making any representations or warranties with respect to the treatment of the Transaction under any accounting standards including ASC Topic 260, Earnings Per Share , ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging , or ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity and ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (or any successor issue statements) or under FASB’s Liabilities & Equity Project.	
 
9. 	Other Provisions .	
 
 	(a) 	Opinions . Company shall deliver to Dealer one or more opinions of counsel, dated as of the Premium Payment Date, given by Latham & Watkins LLP, with respect to the matters set forth in Sections 8(a) through (d) of this Confirmation; provided that any such opinion of counsel may contain customary exceptions and qualifications. Delivery of such opinion to Dealer shall be a condition precedent for the purpose of Section 2(a)(iii) of the Agreement with respect to each obligation of Dealer under Section 2(a)(i) of the Agreement. In addition, in connection with the entry into or consummation of any Redomicile Transaction (as defined below), Company shall deliver to Dealer an opinion of counsel (subject to customary qualifications, assumptions and exceptions), dated as of the date of such Redomicile Transaction, with respect to the matters set forth in Sections 8(a), 8(b), 8(c) and 8(d) of this Confirmation (except the reference in Section 8(b) to “any agreement or instrument filed as an exhibit to Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, as updated by any subsequent filings” shall be replaced with “any agreement or instrument to which Company or its subsidiaries is a party or to which Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject”). “ Redomicile Transaction ” means any Merger Event, reincorporation of Company, corporate redomiciliation of Company or similar transaction pursuant to which (x) the consideration for the Shares includes (or, at the option of a holder of Shares, may include) shares of a corporation that is not organized under the laws of the United States, any State thereof or the District of Columbia or (y) the Company following such Merger Event, reincorporation of Company, corporate redomiciliation of Company or similar transaction is not a corporation or is incorporated in a jurisdiction other than the United States, any State thereof or the District of Columbia.	
 
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 	(b) 	Repurchase Notices . Company shall, on any day on which Company effects any repurchase of Shares, promptly give Dealer a written notice of such repurchase (a “ Repurchase Notice ”) on such day if following such repurchase, the number of outstanding Shares on such day, subject to any adjustments provided herein, is (i) less than 69.09 million (in the case of the first such notice) or (ii) thereafter more than 2.43 million less than the number of Shares included in the immediately preceding Repurchase Notice. Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Dealer and its affiliates and their respective officers, directors, employees, affiliates, advisors, agents and controlling persons (each, an “ Indemnified Person ”) from and against any and all losses (including losses relating to Dealer’s hedging activities as a consequence of becoming, or of the risk of becoming, a Section 16 “insider”, including without limitation, any forbearance from hedging activities or cessation of hedging activities and any losses in connection therewith with respect to the Transaction), claims, damages, judgments, liabilities and reasonable expenses (including reasonable attorney’s fees), joint or several, which an Indemnified Person may become subject to, in each case, as a result of Company’s failure to provide Dealer with a Repurchase Notice on the day and in the manner specified in this paragraph, and to reimburse, within 30 days, upon written request, each of such Indemnified Persons for any reasonable legal or other expenses incurred in connection with investigating, preparing for, providing testimony or other evidence in connection with or defending any of the foregoing. If any suit, action, proceeding (including any governmental or regulatory investigation), claim or demand shall be brought or asserted against the Indemnified Person as a result of Company’s failure to provide Dealer with a Repurchase Notice on the day and in the manner specified in this paragraph, such Indemnified Person shall promptly notify Company in writing, and Company, upon request of the Indemnified Person, shall retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Person to represent the Indemnified Person and any others Company may designate in such proceeding and shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel related to such proceeding. Company shall not be liable for any settlement of such proceeding that is effected without its written consent, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, Company agrees to indemnify any Indemnified Person from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement or judgment. Company shall not, without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Person, effect any settlement of any such proceeding that is pending or threatened in respect of which any Indemnified Person is or could have been a party and indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such Indemnified Person, unless such settlement includes an unconditional release of such Indemnified Person from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such proceeding on terms reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnified Person. If the indemnification provided for in this paragraph is unavailable to an Indemnified Person or insufficient in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to therein, then Company under such paragraph, in lieu of indemnifying such Indemnified Person thereunder, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Person as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities. The remedies provided for in this paragraph (b) are not exclusive and shall not limit any rights or remedies which may otherwise be available to any Indemnified Person at law or in equity. The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in this paragraph shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of the termination of the Transaction.	
 
 	(c) 	Regulation M . Company is not on the Trade Date engaged in a distribution, as such term is used in Regulation M under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”), of any securities of Company, other than a distribution meeting the requirements of the exception set forth in Rules 101(b) and 102(b) of Regulation M. Company shall not, until the second Scheduled Trading Day immediately following the Effective Date, engage in any such distribution.	
 
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 	(d) 	Rule 10b-18 . On each Settlement Date, neither Company nor any “affiliate” or “affiliated purchaser” (each as defined in Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act (“ Rule 10b-18 ”)) shall directly or indirectly (including, without limitation, by means of any cash-settled or other derivative instrument) purchase, offer to purchase, place any bid or limit order that would effect a purchase of, or commence any tender offer relating to, any Shares (or an equivalent interest, including a unit of beneficial interest in a trust or limited partnership or a depository share) or any security convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Shares except through Dealer and except (w) purchases of Shares that do not constitute “Rule 10b-18 purchases” under subparagraphs (ii) or (iii) of Rule 10b-18(a)(13) and that are not reasonably expected to result in purchases of Shares in the market, (x) withholding of Shares from holders of employee stock options to cover amounts payable (including tax liabilities and/or payment of exercise price) in respect of the exercise of such employee stock options, (y) purchases of Shares from employees to satisfy obligations under employee compensation agreements with such employees and (z) privately negotiated off-exchange repurchases of Shares that are not reasonably expected to result in purchases of Shares in the market.	
 
 	(e) 	Resolutions . On or prior to the Trade Date, Company shall deliver to Dealer a resolution of Company’s board of directors authorizing the Transaction.	
 
 	(f) 	No Manipulation . Company is not entering into the Transaction to create actual or apparent trading activity in the Shares (or any security convertible into or exchangeable for the Shares) or to raise or depress or otherwise manipulate the price of the Shares (or any security convertible into or exchangeable for the Shares) or otherwise in violation of the Exchange Act.	
 
 	(g) 	Transfer or Assignment . Company may not transfer any of its rights or obligations under the Transaction without the prior written consent of Dealer. Dealer may, without Company’s consent, transfer or assign all or any part of its rights or obligations under the Transaction to any affiliate of Dealer or any internationally recognized investment bank; provided , that, in each case, as a result of such transfer or assignment, (i) Company will not be required to pay the transferee on any payment date an amount under Section 2(d)(i)(4) of the Agreement greater than an amount that Company would have been required to pay to Dealer in the absence of such transfer or assignment and (ii) such transferee provides either an IRS Form W-9 or W-8 (or successor form). If at any time at which (A) the Section 16 Percentage exceeds 8.5%, (B) the Warrant Equity Percentage exceeds 14.5%, or (C) the Share Amount exceeds the Applicable Share Limit (if any applies) (any such condition described in clauses (A), (B) or (C), an “ Excess Ownership Position ”), Dealer is unable after using its commercially reasonable efforts to effect a transfer or assignment of Warrants in accordance with the preceding sentence on pricing terms reasonably acceptable to Dealer and within a time period reasonably acceptable to Dealer such that no Excess Ownership Position exists, then Dealer may designate any Exchange Business Day as an Early Termination Date with respect to a portion of the Transaction (the “ Terminated Portion ”), such that following such partial termination no Excess Ownership Position exists. In the event that Dealer so designates an Early Termination Date with respect to a Terminated Portion, a payment shall be made pursuant to Section 6 of the Agreement as if (1) an Early Termination Date had been designated in respect of a Transaction having terms identical to the Transaction and a Number of Warrants equal to the number of Warrants underlying the Terminated Portion, (2) Company were the sole Affected Party with respect to such partial termination and (3) the Terminated Portion were the sole Affected Transaction (and, for the avoidance of doubt, the provisions of Section 9(l) shall apply to any amount that is payable by Company to Dealer pursuant to this sentence as if Company was not the Affected Party). The “ Section 16 Percentage ” as of any day is the fraction, expressed as a percentage, (A) the numerator of which is the number of Shares that Dealer and each person subject to aggregation of Shares with Dealer under Section 13 or Section 16 of the Exchange Act and rules promulgated thereunder directly or indirectly beneficially own (as defined under Section 13 or Section 16 of the Exchange Act and rules promulgated thereunder) and (B) the denominator of which is the number of Shares outstanding. The “ Warrant Equity Percentage ” as of any day is the fraction, expressed as a percentage, (A) the numerator of which is the sum of (1) the product of the Number of Warrants and the Warrant Entitlement and (2) the aggregate number of Shares underlying any other warrants purchased by Dealer from Company, and (B) the denominator of which is the number of Shares outstanding. The “ Share Amount ” as of any day is the number of Shares that Dealer and any person whose ownership position would be aggregated with that of Dealer (Dealer or any such person, a “ Dealer Person ”) under any law, rule, regulation, regulatory order or organizational documents or contracts of Company that are, in each case, applicable to ownership of Shares (“ Applicable Restrictions ”), owns, beneficially owns, constructively owns, controls, holds the power to vote or otherwise meets a relevant definition of ownership under any Applicable Restriction, as determined by Dealer in its reasonable discretion. The “ Applicable Share Limit ” means a number of Shares equal to (A) the minimum number of Shares that gives rise to reporting or registration obligations (except for any filings of Form 13F, Schedule 13D or Schedule 13G under the Exchange Act, in each case as in effect on the Trade Date) or other requirements (including obtaining prior approval from any person or entity) of a Dealer Person, or could result in a material adverse effect on a Dealer Person, under any Applicable Restriction, as determined by Dealer in its reasonable discretion, minus (B) 1% of the number of Shares outstanding. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Confirmation to the contrary requiring or allowing Dealer to purchase, sell, receive or deliver any Shares or other securities, or make or receive any payment in cash, to or from Company, Dealer may designate any of its affiliates to purchase, sell, receive or deliver such Shares or other securities, or make or receive such payment in cash, and otherwise to perform Dealer’s obligations in respect of the Transaction and any such designee may assume such obligations. Dealer shall be discharged of its obligations to Company to the extent of any such performance.	
 
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 	(h) 	Dividends . If at any time during the period from and including the Effective Date, to and including the last Expiration Date, an ex-dividend date for a cash dividend occurs with respect to the Shares, then the Calculation Agent will adjust any of the Strike Price, Number of Warrants, Daily Number of Warrants and/or any other variable relevant to the exercise, settlement or payment of the Transaction to preserve the fair value of the Warrants to Dealer after taking into account such dividend.	
 
 	(i) 	Role of Agent. Dealer has appointed, as its agent, its indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, RBC Capital Markets, LLC (“ RBCCM ”), for purposes of conducting, on Dealer’s behalf, a business in privately negotiated transactions in options and other derivatives. Company hereby is advised that Dealer, the principal and stated counterparty in such transactions, duly has authorized RBCCM to market, structure, negotiate, document, price, execute and hedge transactions in over-the-counter derivative products. RBCCM does not act as agent of Company. For the avoidance of doubt, any performance by Dealer of its obligations hereunder solely to RBCCM shall not relieve Dealer of such obligations. RBCCM’s performance to Company of Dealer’s obligations hereunder shall relieve Dealer of such obligations to the extent of such performance. Any performance by Company of its obligations (including notice obligations) through or by means of RBCCM’s agency for Dealer shall constitute good performance of Company’s obligations hereunder to Dealer.	
 
 	(j)	Additional Provisions.	
 
 	(i)	Amendments to the Equity Definitions:	
 
 	(A)	Section 11.2(a) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by deleting the words “a diluting or concentrative” and replacing them with the words “a material”; and adding the phrase “or Warrants” at the end of the sentence.	
 
 	(B)	Section 11.2(c) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by (w) replacing the words “a diluting or concentrative” with “a material” in the fifth line thereof, (x) adding the phrase “or Warrants” after the words “the relevant Shares” in the same sentence, (y) deleting the words “diluting or concentrative” in the sixth to last line thereof and (z) deleting the phrase “(provided that no adjustments will be made to account solely for changes in volatility, expected dividends, stock loan rate or liquidity relative to the relevant Shares)” and replacing it with the phrase “(and, for the avoidance of doubt, adjustments may be made to account solely for changes in volatility, expected dividends, stock loan rate or liquidity relative to the relevant Shares).”	
 
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 	(C)	Section 11.2(e)(vii) of the Equity Definitions is hereby replaced in its entirety with the words “any other corporate event involving the Issuer or its securities that has a material economic effect on the Transaction.”	
 
 	(D)	Section 12.6(a)(ii) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by (1) deleting from the fourth line thereof the word “or” after the word “official” and inserting a comma therefor, and (2) deleting the semi-colon at the end of subsection (B) thereof and inserting the following words therefor “or (C) the occurrence of any of the events specified in Section 5(a)(vii) (1) through (9) of the ISDA Master Agreement with respect to that Issuer.”	
 
 	(E)	Section 12.9(b)(iv) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by:	
 
 	(x)	deleting (1) subsection (A) in its entirety, (2) the phrase “or (B)” following subsection (A) and (3) the phrase “in each case” in subsection (B); and	
 
 	(y)	replacing the phrase “neither the Non-Hedging Party nor the Lending Party lends Shares” with the phrase “such Lending Party does not lend Shares” in the penultimate sentence.	
 
 	(F)	Section 12.9(b)(v) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by:	
 
 	(x)	adding the word “or” immediately before subsection “(B)” and deleting the comma at the end of subsection (A); and	
 
 	(y)	(1) deleting subsection (C) in its entirety, (2) deleting the word “or” immediately preceding subsection (C), (3) deleting the penultimate sentence in its entirety and replacing it with the sentence “The Hedging Party will determine the Cancellation Amount payable by one party to the other.” and (4) deleting clause (X) in the final sentence.	
 
 	(ii)	Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Confirmation, upon the occurrence of one of the following events, with respect to the Transaction, (1) Dealer shall have the right to designate such event an Additional Termination Event and designate an Early Termination Date pursuant to Section 6(b) of the Agreement, (2) Company shall be deemed the sole Affected Party with respect to such Additional Termination Event and (3) the Transaction, or, at the election of Dealer in its sole discretion, any portion of the Transaction, shall be deemed the sole Affected Transaction; provided that if Dealer so designates an Early Termination Date with respect to a portion of the Transaction, (a) a payment shall be made pursuant to Section 6 of the Agreement as if an Early Termination Date had been designated in respect of a Transaction having terms identical to the Transaction and a Number of Warrants equal to the number of Warrants included in the terminated portion of the Transaction, and (b) for the avoidance of doubt, the Transaction shall remain in full force and effect except that the Number of Warrants shall be reduced by the number of Warrants included in such terminated portion:	
 
 	(A)	A “person” or “group” within the meaning of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act, other than Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and its and their employee benefit plans, files a Schedule TO or any schedule, form or report under the Exchange Act disclosing that such person or group has become the direct or indirect “beneficial owner,” as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, of the common equity of Company representing more than 50% of the voting power of all classes of such common equity entitled to vote generally in the election of its directors.	
 
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 	(B)	Consummation of (I) any recapitalization, reclassification or change of the Shares (other than changes resulting from a subdivision or combination) as a result of which the Shares would be converted into, or exchanged for, stock, other securities, other property or assets, (II) any share exchange, consolidation or merger of Company pursuant to which the Shares will be converted into cash, securities or other property or assets or (III) any sale, lease or other transfer in one transaction or a series of transactions of all or substantially all of the consolidated assets of Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to any person other than one of Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any transaction or transactions set forth in this clause (B) shall not constitute an Additional Termination Event if (x) at least 90% of the consideration received or to be received by holders of the Shares, excluding cash payments for fractional Shares and cash payments made pursuant to dissenters’ appraisal rights, in connection with such transaction or transactions consists of shares of common stock that are listed or quoted on any of The New York Stock Exchange, The NASDAQ Global Select Market or The NASDAQ Global Market (or any of their respective successors) or will be so listed or quoted when issued or exchanged in connection with such transaction or transactions, and (y) as a result of such transaction or transactions, the Shares will consist of such consideration, excluding cash payments for fractional Shares and cash payments made pursuant to dissenters’ appraisal rights.	
 
 	(C)	[Reserved.]	
 
 	(D)	Default by Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries (as defined below) with respect to any mortgage, agreement or other instrument under which there may be outstanding, or by which there may be secured or evidenced, any indebtedness for money borrowed in excess of $35 million (or its foreign currency equivalent) in the aggregate of Company and/or any such subsidiary, whether such indebtedness now exists or shall hereafter be created (i) resulting in such indebtedness becoming or being declared due and payable or (ii) constituting a failure to pay the principal or interest of any such debt when due and payable at its stated maturity, upon required repurchase, upon declaration of acceleration or otherwise, if such default is not cured or waived, or such acceleration is not rescinded within 30 days after written notice to Company.	
A “ Significant Subsidiary ” is a subsidiary that is a “significant subsidiary” as defined under Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X under the Exchange Act.
 
 	(E)	[Reserved.]	
 
 	(F)	Dealer, despite using commercially reasonable efforts, is unable or reasonably determines, based on advice of counsel, that it is impractical or illegal, to hedge its exposure with respect to the Transaction in the public market without registration under the Securities Act or as a result of any legal, regulatory or self-regulatory requirements or related policies and procedures (whether or not such requirements, policies or procedures are imposed by law or have been voluntarily adopted by Dealer).	
 
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 	(G)	On any day during the period from and including the Trade Date, to and including the earlier of the Stockholder Approval Date and the final Expiration Date, (I) the Notional Unwind Shares (as defined below) as of such day exceeds a number of Shares equal to 75% of the Maximum Number of Shares, or (II) Company makes a public announcement of any transaction or event that, in the reasonable opinion of Dealer would, upon consummation of such transaction or upon the occurrence of such event, as applicable, and after giving effect to any applicable adjustments hereunder, cause the Notional Unwind Shares immediately following the consummation of such transaction or the occurrence of such event to exceed a number of Shares equal to 75% of the Maximum Number of Shares. The “ Notional Unwind Shares ” as of any day is a number of Shares equal to (1) the amount that would be payable pursuant to Section 6 of the Agreement (determined as of such day as if an Early Termination Date had been designated in respect of the Transaction and as if the Company were the sole Affected Party and the Transaction were the sole Affected Transaction), divided by (2) the Settlement Price (determined as if such day were a Valuation Date). For the purposes of this clause (G), the Share Delivery Quantity shall be deemed to include the “Share Delivery Quantity” (as defined in the letter agreement dated June 25, 2015 between Dealer and Company regarding Base Warrants (the “ Base Warrant Confirmation ”)) and the terms set forth above for determining the Share Delivery Quantity shall apply mutatis mutandis for the purposes of determining the “Share Delivery Quantity” under the Base Warrant Confirmation. “ Stockholder Approval Date ” means the first date on which (x) Shareholders of Company have approved an increase in the number of authorized but unissued Shares that are not reserved for other purposes sufficient for Company to issue and deliver upon exercise and settlement or termination of all Warrants evidenced hereby a number of Shares equal to two times the product of the Number of Warrants and the Warrant Entitlement (the “ Maximum Underlying Share Amount ”) and (y) Company has reserved for exercise and settlement or termination of all Warrants evidenced hereby a number of Shares equal to the Maximum Underlying Share Amount.	
 
 	(k) 	Collateral and No Setoff . Notwithstanding any provision of the Agreement or any other agreement between the parties to the contrary, the obligations of Company hereunder are not secured by any collateral. Both parties waive any rights to set-off or netting, including in any bankruptcy proceedings of Company, amounts due either party with respect to any Transaction hereunder against amounts due to either party from the other party under any other agreement between the parties.	
 
 	(l) 	Alternative Calculations and Payment on Early Termination and on Certain Extraordinary Events .	
 
 	(i)	If (a) an Early Termination Date (whether as a result of an Event of Default or a Termination Event) occurs or is designated with respect to the Transaction or (b) the Transaction is cancelled or terminated upon the occurrence of an Extraordinary Event (except as a result of (i) a Nationalization, Insolvency or Merger Event in which the consideration to be paid to holders of Shares consists solely of cash, (ii) a Merger Event or Tender Offer that is within Company’s control, or (iii) an Event of Default in which Company is the Defaulting Party or a Termination Event in which Company is the Affected Party other than an Event of Default of the type described in Section 5(a)(iii), (v), (vi), (vii) or (viii) of the Agreement or a Termination Event of the type described in Section 5(b) of the Agreement, in each case that resulted from an event or events outside Company’s control), and if Company would owe any amount to Dealer pursuant to Section 6(d)(ii) of the Agreement or any Cancellation Amount pursuant to Article 12 of the Equity Definitions (any such amount, a “ Payment Obligation ”), then Company shall satisfy the Payment Obligation by the Share Termination Alternative (as defined below), unless (a) Company gives irrevocable telephonic notice to Dealer, confirmed in writing within one Scheduled Trading Day, no later than 12:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Merger Date, Tender Offer Date, Announcement Date (in the case of a Nationalization, Insolvency or Delisting), Early Termination Date or date of cancellation, as applicable, of its election that the Share Termination Alternative shall not apply, (b) Company remakes the representation set forth in Section 8(g) as of the date of such election and (c) Dealer agrees, such agreement not to be unreasonably withheld, to such election, in which case the provisions of Section 12.7 or Section 12.9 of the Equity Definitions, or the provisions of Section 6(d)(ii) of the Agreement, as the case may be, shall apply.	
 
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	 	Share Termination Alternative:	  	If applicable, Company shall deliver to Dealer the Share Termination Delivery Property on the date (the “ Share Termination Payment Date ”) on which the Payment Obligation would otherwise be due pursuant to Section 12.7 or Section 12.9 of the Equity Definitions or Section 6(d)(ii) of the Agreement, as applicable, subject to Section 9(m)(i) below, in satisfaction, subject to Section 9(m)(ii) below, of the relevant Payment Obligation, in the manner reasonably requested by Dealer free of payment.	
			
	 	Share Termination Delivery Property:	  	A number of Share Termination Delivery Units, as calculated by the Calculation Agent, equal to the relevant Payment Obligation divided by the Share Termination Unit Price. The Calculation Agent shall adjust the amount of Share Termination Delivery Property by replacing any fractional portion of a security therein with an amount of cash equal to the value of such fractional security based on the values used to calculate the Share Termination Unit Price (without giving effect to any discount pursuant to Section 9(m)(i)).	
			
	 	Share Termination Unit Price:	  	The value to Dealer of property contained in one Share Termination Delivery Unit on the date such Share Termination Delivery Units are to be delivered as Share Termination Delivery Property, as determined by the Calculation Agent in its discretion by commercially reasonable means. In the case of a Private Placement of Share Termination Delivery Units that are Restricted Shares (as defined below), as set forth in Section 9(m)(i) below, the Share Termination Unit Price shall be determined by the discounted price applicable to such Share Termination Delivery Units (with such price taking into account a commercially reasonable liquidity discount in the case where such securities are subject to restrictions under the Securities Act). In the case of a Registration Settlement of Share Termination Delivery Units that are Restricted Shares (as defined below) as set forth in Section 9(m)(ii) below, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Share Termination Unit Price shall be the Settlement Price on the Merger Date, Tender Offer Date, Announcement Date (in the case of a Nationalization, Insolvency or Delisting), Early Termination Date or date of cancellation, as applicable. The Calculation Agent shall notify Company of the Share Termination Unit Price at the time of notification of such Payment Obligation to Company or, if applicable, at the time the discounted price applicable to the relevant Share Termination Units is determined pursuant to Section 9(m)(i).	
 
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	  		  	Share Termination Delivery Unit:	  	One Share or, if the Shares have changed into cash or any other property or the right to receive cash or any other property as the result of a Nationalization, Insolvency or Merger Event (any such cash or other property, the “ Exchange Property ”), a unit consisting of the type and amount of Exchange Property received by a holder of one Share (without consideration of any requirement to pay cash or other consideration in lieu of fractional amounts of any securities) in such Nationalization, Insolvency or Merger Event. If such Nationalization, Insolvency or Merger Event involves a choice of Exchange Property to be received by holders, such holder shall be deemed to have elected to receive the maximum possible amount of cash.	
				
	  		  	Failure to Deliver:	  	Inapplicable	
				
	  		  	Other applicable provisions:	  	If Share Termination Alternative is applicable, the provisions of Sections 9.8, 9.9, 9.11 and 9.12 (as modified above) of the Equity Definitions will be applicable, except that all references in such provisions to “Physically-settled” shall be read as references to “Share Termination Settled” and all references to “Shares” shall be read as references to “Share Termination Delivery Units”. “Share Termination Settled” in relation to the Transaction means that the Share Termination Alternative is applicable to the Transaction.	
			
	  	(ii)	  	Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Confirmation, any Payment Obligation under this Confirmation shall, for all purposes, be calculated as if the Maximum Number of Shares were equal to two times the product of the Number of Warrants and the Warrant Entitlement, but any deliveries under Section 9(l)(i) shall be limited to the Maximum Number of Shares as defined in Section 9(r)(i) hereof.	
		
(m)	  	Registration/Private Placement Procedures . If, in the reasonable opinion of Dealer, following any delivery of Shares or Share Termination Delivery Property to Dealer hereunder, such Shares or Share Termination Delivery Property would be in the hands of Dealer subject to any applicable restrictions with respect to any registration or qualification requirement or prospectus delivery requirement for such Shares or Share Termination Delivery Property pursuant to any applicable federal or state securities law (including, without limitation, any such requirement arising under Section 5 of the Securities Act as a result of such Shares or Share Termination Delivery Property being “restricted securities”, as such term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act, or as a result of the sale of such Shares or Share Termination Delivery Property being subject to paragraph (c) of Rule 145 under the Securities Act) (such Shares or Share Termination Delivery Property, “ Restricted Shares ”), then delivery of such Restricted Shares shall be effected pursuant to either clause (i) or (ii) below at the election of Company, unless Dealer waives the need for registration/private placement procedures set forth in (i) and (ii) below. Notwithstanding the foregoing, solely in respect of any Daily Number of Warrants exercised or deemed exercised on any Expiration Date, if Dealer notifies Company of the need for registration or private placement procedures set forth in this Section 9(m), then Company shall elect, prior to the later of (x) the first Settlement Date for the first applicable Expiration Date and (y) the third Scheduled Trading Day following the date of such notification, a Private Placement Settlement or Registration Settlement for all deliveries of Restricted Shares for all such Expiration Dates which election shall be applicable to all remaining Settlement Dates for such Warrants and the procedures in clause (i) or clause (ii) below shall apply for all such delivered Restricted Shares on an aggregate basis commencing after the final Settlement Date for such Warrants. The Calculation Agent shall make reasonable adjustments to settlement terms and provisions under this Confirmation to reflect a single Private Placement or Registration Settlement for such aggregate Restricted Shares delivered hereunder.	
 
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 	(i)	If Company elects to settle the Transaction pursuant to this clause (i) (a “ Private Placement Settlement ”), then delivery of Restricted Shares by Company shall be effected in accordance with private placement procedures with respect to such Restricted Shares customary for private placements of equity securities of substantially similar size reasonably acceptable to Dealer; provided that Company may not elect a Private Placement Settlement if, on the date of its election, it has taken, or caused to be taken, any action that would make unavailable either the exemption pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act for the sale by Company to Dealer (or any affiliate designated by Dealer) of the Restricted Shares or the exemption pursuant to Section 4(a)(1) or Section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act for resales of the Restricted Shares by Dealer (or any such affiliate of Dealer). The Private Placement Settlement of such Restricted Shares shall include customary representations, covenants, blue sky and other governmental filings and/or registrations, indemnities to Dealer, due diligence rights (for Dealer or any designated buyer of the Restricted Shares by Dealer), opinions and certificates, and such other documentation as is customary for private placement agreements of equity securities of a substantially similar size, all reasonably acceptable to Dealer. In the case of a Private Placement Settlement, Dealer shall determine the appropriate discount to the Share Termination Unit Price (in the case of settlement of Share Termination Delivery Units pursuant to Section 9(l) above) or premium to any Settlement Price (in the case of settlement of Shares pursuant to Section 2 above) applicable to such Restricted Shares in a commercially reasonable manner and appropriately adjust the number of such Restricted Shares to be delivered to Dealer hereunder. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Agreement or this Confirmation, the date of delivery of such Restricted Shares shall be the Exchange Business Day following notice by Dealer to Company of such applicable discount or premium, as the case may be, and the number of Restricted Shares to be delivered pursuant to this clause (i). For the avoidance of doubt, delivery of Restricted Shares shall be due as set forth in the previous sentence and not be due on the Share Termination Payment Date (in the case of settlement of Share Termination Delivery Units pursuant to Section 9(l) above) or on the Settlement Date for such Restricted Shares (in the case of settlement in Shares pursuant to Section 2 above).	
 
 	(ii)	If Company elects to settle the Transaction pursuant to this clause (ii) (a “ Registration Settlement ”), then Company shall promptly (but in any event no later than the beginning of the Resale Period) file and use its reasonable best efforts to make effective under the Securities Act a registration statement or supplement or amend an outstanding registration statement in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Dealer, to cover the resale of such Restricted Shares in accordance with customary resale registration procedures for registered secondary offerings of a substantially similar size, including covenants, conditions, representations, underwriting discounts (if applicable), commissions (if applicable), indemnities due diligence rights, opinions and certificates, and such other documentation as is customary for equity resale underwriting agreements for registered secondary offerings of a substantially similar size, all reasonably acceptable to Dealer. If Dealer, in its sole reasonable discretion, is not satisfied with such procedures and documentation Private Placement Settlement shall apply. If Dealer is satisfied with such procedures and documentation, it shall sell the Restricted Shares pursuant to such registration statement during a period (the “ Resale Period ”) commencing on the Exchange Business Day following delivery of such Restricted Shares (which, for the avoidance of doubt, shall be (x) the Share Termination Payment Date in case of settlement in Share Termination Delivery Units pursuant to Section 9(l) above or (y) the Settlement Date in respect of the final Expiration Date for all Daily Number of Warrants) and ending on the Exchange Business Day on which Dealer completes the sale of all Restricted Shares or, in the case of settlement of Share Termination Delivery Units, a sufficient number of Restricted Shares so that the realized net proceeds of such sales equals or exceeds the Payment Obligation (as defined above). If the Payment Obligation exceeds the realized net proceeds from such resale, Company shall transfer to Dealer by the open of the regular trading session on the Exchange on the Exchange Trading Day immediately following such resale the amount of such excess (the “ Additional Amount ”) in cash or in a number of Shares (“ Make-whole Shares ”) in an amount that, based on the Settlement Price on such day (as if such day was the “Valuation Date” for purposes of computing such Settlement Price), has a dollar value equal to the Additional Amount. The Resale Period shall continue to enable the sale of the Make-whole Shares. If Company elects to pay the Additional Amount in Shares, the requirements and provisions for Registration Settlement shall apply. This provision shall be applied successively until the Additional Amount is equal to zero. In no event shall Company deliver a number of Restricted Shares greater than the Maximum Number of Shares.	
 
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 	(iii)	Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Company agrees that (A) any Restricted Shares delivered to Dealer may be transferred by and among Dealer and its affiliates and Company shall effect such transfer without any further action by Dealer and (B) after the period of 6 months from the Trade Date (or 1 year from the Trade Date if, at such time, informational requirements of Rule 144(c) under the Securities Act are not satisfied with respect to Company) has elapsed in respect of any Restricted Shares delivered to Dealer, Company shall promptly remove, or cause the transfer agent for such Restricted Shares to remove, any legends referring to any such restrictions or requirements from such Restricted Shares upon request by Dealer (or such affiliate of Dealer) to Company or such transfer agent, without any requirement for the delivery of any certificate, consent, agreement, opinion of counsel, notice or any other document, any transfer tax stamps or payment of any other amount or any other action by Dealer (or such affiliate of Dealer). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, to the extent the provisions of Rule 144 of the Securities Act or any successor rule are amended, or the applicable interpretation thereof by the Securities and Exchange Commission or any court change after the Trade Date, the agreements of Company herein shall be deemed modified to the extent necessary, in the opinion of outside counsel of Company, to comply with Rule 144 of the Securities Act, as in effect at the time of delivery of the relevant Shares or Share Termination Delivery Property.	
 
 	(iv)	If the Private Placement Settlement or the Registration Settlement shall not be effected as set forth in clauses (i) or (ii), as applicable, then failure to effect such Private Placement Settlement or such Registration Settlement shall constitute an Event of Default with respect to which Company shall be the Defaulting Party.	
 
 	(n) 	Limit on Beneficial Ownership . Notwithstanding any other provisions hereof, Dealer may not exercise any Warrant hereunder or be entitled to take delivery of any Shares deliverable hereunder, and Automatic Exercise shall not apply with respect to any Warrant hereunder, to the extent (but only to the extent) that, after such receipt of any Shares upon the exercise of such Warrant or otherwise hereunder and after taking into account any Shares deliverable to Dealer under the Base Warrant Confirmation, (i) the Section 16 Percentage would exceed 8.5%, or (ii) the Share Amount would exceed the Applicable Share Limit. Any purported delivery hereunder shall be void and have no effect to the extent (but only to the extent) that, after such delivery and after taking into account any Shares deliverable to Dealer under the Base Warrant Confirmation, (i) the Section 16 Percentage would exceed 8.5%, or (ii) the Share Amount would exceed the Applicable Share Limit. If any delivery owed to Dealer hereunder is not made, in whole or in part, as a result of this provision, Company’s obligation to make such delivery shall not be extinguished and Company shall make such delivery as promptly as practicable after, but in no event later than one Business Day after, Dealer gives notice to Company that, after such delivery, (i) the Section 16 Percentage would not exceed 8.5%, and (ii) the Share Amount would not exceed the Applicable Share Limit.	
 
 	(o) 	Share Deliveries . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, Company agrees that any delivery of Shares or Share Termination Delivery Property shall be effected by book-entry transfer through the facilities of DTC, or any successor depositary, if at the time of delivery, such class of Shares or class of Share Termination Delivery Property is in book-entry form at DTC or such successor depositary.	
 
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(p) 	Waiver of Jury Trial. Each party waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any right it may have to a trial by jury in respect of any suit, action or proceeding relating to the Transaction. Each party (i) certifies that no representative, agent or attorney of the other party has represented, expressly or otherwise, that such other party would not, in the event of such a suit, action or proceeding, seek to enforce the foregoing waiver and (ii) acknowledges that it and the other party have been induced to enter into the Transaction, as applicable, by, among other things, the mutual waivers and certifications provided herein.	
 
(q) 	Tax Disclosure. Effective from the date of commencement of discussions concerning the Transaction, Company and each of its employees, representatives, or other agents may disclose to any and all persons, without limitation of any kind, the tax treatment and tax structure of the Transaction and all materials of any kind (including opinions or other tax analyses) that are provided to Company relating to such tax treatment and tax structure.	
 
(r) 	Maximum Share Delivery .	
 
 	(i)	Notwithstanding any other provision of this Confirmation, the Agreement or the Equity Definitions, in no event will Company at any time be required to deliver a number of Shares greater than the Maximum Number of Shares to Dealer in connection with the Transaction, subject to the provisions regarding Deficit Shares in Section 9(r)(ii). “ Maximum Number of Shares ” means (x) prior to the Stockholder Approval Date, 2,108,853 and (y) from and after the Stockholder Approval Date, a number of Shares equal to two times the product of the Number of Warrants and the Warrant Entitlement.	
 
 	(ii)	In the event Company shall not have delivered to Dealer the full number of Shares or Restricted Shares otherwise deliverable by Company to Dealer pursuant to the terms of the Transaction because Company has insufficient authorized but unissued Shares that are not reserved for other transactions (such deficit, the “ Deficit Shares ”), Company shall be continually obligated to deliver, from time to time, Shares or Restricted Shares, as the case may be, to Dealer until the full number of Deficit Shares have been delivered pursuant to this Section 9(r)(ii), when, and to the extent that, (A) Shares are repurchased, acquired or otherwise received by Company or any of its subsidiaries after the Trade Date (whether or not in exchange for cash, fair value or any other consideration), (B) authorized and unissued Shares previously reserved for issuance in respect of other transactions become no longer so reserved or (C) Company additionally authorizes any unissued Shares that are not reserved for other transactions; provided that in no event shall Company deliver any Shares or Restricted Shares to Dealer pursuant to this Section 9(r)(ii) to the extent that such delivery would cause the aggregate number of Shares and Restricted Shares delivered to Dealer to exceed the Maximum Number of Shares. Company shall immediately notify Dealer of the occurrence of any of the foregoing events (including the number of Shares subject to clause (A), (B) or (C) and the corresponding number of Shares or Restricted Shares, as the case may be, to be delivered) and promptly deliver such Shares or Restricted Shares, as the case may be, thereafter.	
 
(s) 	Right to Extend. Dealer may postpone or add, in whole or in part, any Expiration Date or any other date of valuation or delivery with respect to some or all of the relevant Warrants (in which event the Calculation Agent shall make appropriate adjustments to the Daily Number of Warrants with respect to one or more Expiration Dates) if Dealer determines, based on the advice of counsel, that such extension is reasonably necessary or appropriate to preserve Dealer’s hedging or hedge unwind activity hereunder in light of existing liquidity conditions that are materially different from those in existence as of the Trade Date or to enable Dealer to effect purchases of Shares in connection with its hedging, hedge unwind or settlement activity hereunder in a manner that would, if Dealer were Issuer or an affiliated purchaser of Issuer, be in compliance with applicable legal, regulatory or self-regulatory requirements, or with related policies and procedures applicable to Dealer; provided that no such Exchange Business Day or other date of valuation, payment or delivery may be postponed or added more than 50 Exchange Business Days after the original Exchange Business Day or other date of valuation, payment or delivery, as the case may be.	
 
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(t) 	Status of Claims in Bankruptcy. Dealer acknowledges and agrees that this Confirmation is not intended to convey to Dealer rights against Company with respect to the Transaction that are senior to the claims of common stockholders of Company in any United States bankruptcy proceedings of Company; provided that nothing herein shall limit or shall be deemed to limit Dealer’s right to pursue remedies in the event of a breach by Company of its obligations and agreements with respect to the Transaction; provided , further , that nothing herein shall limit or shall be deemed to limit Dealer’s rights in respect of any transactions other than the Transaction.	
 
(u) 	Securities Contract; Swap Agreement. The parties hereto intend for (i) the Transaction to be a “securities contract” and a “swap agreement” as defined in the Bankruptcy Code (Title 11 of the United States Code) (the “ Bankruptcy Code ”), and the parties hereto to be entitled to the protections afforded by, among other Sections, Sections 362(b)(6), 362(b)(17), 546(e), 546(g), 555 and 560 of the Bankruptcy Code, (ii) a party’s right to liquidate the Transaction and to exercise any other remedies upon the occurrence of any Event of Default under the Agreement with respect to the other party to constitute a “contractual right” as described in the Bankruptcy Code, and (iii) each payment and delivery of cash, securities or other property hereunder to constitute a “margin payment” or “settlement payment” and a “transfer” as defined in the Bankruptcy Code.	
 
(v) 	Wall Street Transparency and Accountability Act . In connection with Section 739 of the Wall Street Transparency and Accountability Act of 2010 (“ WSTAA ”), the parties hereby agree that neither the enactment of WSTAA or any regulation under the WSTAA, nor any requirement under WSTAA or an amendment made by WSTAA, shall limit or otherwise impair either party’s otherwise applicable rights to terminate, renegotiate, modify, amend or supplement this Confirmation or the Agreement, as applicable, arising from a termination event, force majeure, illegality, increased costs, regulatory change or similar event under this Confirmation, the Equity Definitions incorporated herein, or the Agreement (including, but not limited to, rights arising from Change in Law, Hedging Disruption, Increased Cost of Hedging, an Excess Ownership Position, or Illegality (as defined in the Agreement)).	
 
(w) 	Agreements and Acknowledgements Regarding Hedging . Company understands, acknowledges and agrees that: (A) at any time on and prior to the last Expiration Date, Dealer and its affiliates may buy or sell Shares or other securities or buy or sell options or futures contracts or enter into swaps or other derivative securities in order to adjust its hedge position with respect to the Transaction; (B) Dealer and its affiliates also may be active in the market for Shares other than in connection with hedging activities in relation to the Transaction; (C) Dealer shall make its own determination as to whether, when or in what manner any hedging or market activities in securities of Issuer shall be conducted and shall do so in a manner that it deems appropriate to hedge its price and market risk with respect to the Settlement Prices; and (D) any market activities of Dealer and its affiliates with respect to Shares may affect the market price and volatility of Shares, as well as the Settlement Prices, each in a manner that may be adverse to Company.	
 
(x) 	Early Unwind . In the event the sale of the “Option Securities” (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) is not consummated with the Initial Purchasers for any reason, or Company fails to deliver to Dealer opinions of counsel as required pursuant to Section 9(a), in each case by 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Premium Payment Date, or such later date as agreed upon by the parties (the Premium Payment Date or such later date the “ Early Unwind Date ”),the Transaction shall automatically terminate (the “ Early Unwind ”),on the Early Unwind Date and (i) the Transaction and all of the respective rights and obligations of Dealer and Company under the Transaction shall be cancelled and terminated and (ii) each party shall be released and discharged by the other party from and agrees not to make any claim against the other party with respect to any obligations or liabilities of the other party arising out of and to be performed in connection with the Transaction either prior to or after the Early Unwind Date. Each of Dealer and Company represents and acknowledges to the other that, upon an Early Unwind, all obligations with respect to the Transaction shall be deemed fully and finally discharged.	
 
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(y) 	Payment by Dealer . In the event that (i) an Early Termination Date occurs or is designated with respect to the Transaction as a result of a Termination Event or an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default arising under Section 5(a)(ii) or 5(a)(iv) of the Agreement) and, as a result, Dealer owes to Company an amount calculated under Section 6(e) of the Agreement, or (ii) Dealer owes to Company, pursuant to Section 12.7 or Section 12.9 of the Equity Definitions, an amount calculated under Section 12.8 of the Equity Definitions, such amount shall be deemed to be zero.	
 
(z) 	Listing of Warrant Shares . Company shall have submitted an application for the listing of the Warrant Shares on the Exchange, and such application and listing shall have been approved by the Exchange, subject only to official notice of issuance, in each case, on or prior to the Premium Payment Date. Company agrees and acknowledges that such submission and approval shall be a condition precedent for the purpose of Section 2(a)(iii) of the Agreement with respect to each obligation of Dealer under Section 2(a)(i) of the Agreement.	
 
(aa) 	Redomicile Transaction . Company shall not enter into or consummate any Redomicile Transaction unless:	
 
 	(i)	Company will be a corporation incorporated under the laws of the United States or any state thereof and a wholly-owned direct or indirect subsidiary of a successor Issuer immediately following such Redomicile Transaction, such successor Issuer fully and unconditionally guarantees the obligations of Company under this Confirmation (the “ Guaranteed Obligations ”) and repeats to Dealer immediately following such Redomicile Transaction the representations and warranties set forth in Sections 8(a), 8(b), 8(c) and 8(d) of this Confirmation (as if references therein to (w) “Transaction” were replaced with “guarantee of the Guaranteed Obligations”, (x) “Company” were replaced with “Issuer”, (y) “Confirmation” were replaced with “guarantee of the Guaranteed Obligations” and (z) “any agreement or instrument filed as an exhibit to Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, as updated by any subsequent filings” in Section 8(b) were replaced with “any agreement or instrument to which Issuer or its subsidiaries is a party or to which Issuer or any of its subsidiaries is subject”); or	
 
 	(ii)	the successor Issuer immediately following such Redomicile Transaction assumes Company’s rights and obligations hereunder, becoming “Company” for all purposes hereunder, and such successor Company immediately following such Redomicile Transaction repeats to Dealer immediately following such Redomicile Transaction the representations and warranties set forth in Sections 8(a), 8(b), 8(c) and 8(d) of this Confirmation (as if references therein to (w) “execute, deliver” were replaced with “assume”, (x) “execution, delivery” and “execution and delivery” were replaced with “assumption”, (y) “executed and delivered” were replaced with “assumed” and (z) “any agreement or instrument filed as an exhibit to Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, as updated by any subsequent filings” in Section 8(b) were replaced with “any agreement or instrument to which Company or its subsidiaries is a party or to which Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject”).	
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Confirmation, following consummation of any Redomicile Transaction pursuant to which Issuer following such Redomicile Transaction is organized under the laws of a jurisdiction other than the Islands of Bermuda, the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg, the Republic of Ireland, Canada or the United Kingdom, then such Redomicile Transaction shall constitute an Additional Termination Event applicable to the Transaction and, with respect to such Additional Termination Event, (A) Company shall be deemed to be the sole Affected Party, (B) the Transaction shall be the sole Affected Transaction and (C) Dealer shall be the party entitled to designate an Early Termination Date pursuant to Section 6(b) of the Agreement.
 
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If, at any time following the occurrence of any Redomicile Transaction, Dealer reasonably determines in its good faith judgment, following consultation with Company for a period of at least five Scheduled Trading Days (such consultation period, the “ Redomicile Event Consultation Period ”) that (i) (x) such Redomicile Transaction has had a material adverse effect on Dealer’s rights and obligations under the Transaction or (y) Dealer would incur an increased (as compared with circumstances existing on the Trade Date) amount of tax, duty, expense or fee to (1) acquire, establish, re-establish, substitute, maintain, unwind or dispose of any transaction(s) or asset(s) it deems necessary to hedge the economic risk of entering into and performing its obligations with respect to the Transaction, or (2) realize, recover or remit the proceeds of any such transaction(s) or asset(s) and (ii) Dealer cannot promptly avoid the occurrence of each such material adverse effect or increased tax, duty, expense or fee by (x) transferring or assigning Dealer’s rights and obligations under this Confirmation and the Agreement without Company’s consent pursuant to Section to an affiliate of Dealer that would not suffer any such material adverse effect or increased tax, duty, expense or fee (it being understood that Dealer need not take any action that does not meet the Avoidance Criteria), (y) using commercially reasonable efforts to avoid such material adverse effect or increased tax, duty, expense or fee (it being understood that Dealer need not take any action that does not meet the Avoidance Criteria) or (z) amending the terms of this Confirmation (whether because amendments would not avoid such occurrence or because Company fails to agree promptly to such amendments) (it being understood, for the avoidance of doubt, that an event described in clause (i)(x) or clause (i)(y) above for which Dealer can avoid the occurrence of the relevant material adverse effect or increased tax, duty, expense or fee after giving effect to the related Price Adjustment referred to below shall be a Redomicile Event notwithstanding this clause (ii)(z)) (each of the events described in clause (i)(x) and clause (i)(y) above that also satisfies the conditions set forth in clause (ii) above, a “ Redomicile Event ”), then, in either case, Dealer shall give prompt notice to Company of such Redomicile Event.
“ Avoidance Criteria ” means with respect to an action by a party, as determined by the Calculation Agent in good faith, that (i) such action is legal (and, in the case of a Change in Law, in the reasonable judgment of Dealer is within the intent of the law or regulation that is the subject of the Change in Law) and complies with all applicable regulations, rules (including by self-regulatory organizations) and policies (whether written or oral) including policies of such party, (ii) such action would not cause or, in the judgment of Dealer, would not create a material risk of causing, an Additional Disruption Event (ignoring, for this purpose, any requirement to avoid such Additional Disruption Event as set forth herein), (iii) if such party or an affiliate is to establish one or more alternative Hedge Positions, there is sufficient liquidity in those alternative Hedge Positions available for that Hedging Party to hedge the Transaction and all other transactions into which that party has entered and for which that party determines that it needs to utilize those alternative Hedge Positions, (iv) such action is known by that party or known by other financial institutions that are leading derivatives dealers that are generally willing to enter into transactions similar to the Transaction; (v) by taking such action, such party would not incur, or there would not be a material risk that such party would incur, any one or more of an increased operational or administrative burden or expense, increased performance cost, increased hedging cost or increased capital charges (in each case as compared to circumstances on the Trade Date), (vi) such action would not require such party to (A) enter into arrangements with a counterparty, custodian, depositary and/or other third party that has no existing business relationship with that party in relation to positions, contracts, instruments, transactions, or other arrangements similar in type to such action or (B) exceed, individually or together with any other positions, contracts, transactions, instruments or other arrangements into which such party has entered (individually or on a portfolio basis), investment quotas, position limits, investment level restrictions, internal client limits, credit limits or risk-based requirements of such party, in each case, existing as of the Trade Date and regardless of whether imposed by law, governmental authority or regulation, and (vii) by taking such action, it would not be necessary for that party to make any filing or submission to any government or regulatory authority (including a taxing authority) and (viii) as applied to an avoidance of an Excess Ownership Position, such action does not cause, or would not create a material risk of causing, an interference or disruption to such party’s normal business practice or client service including, without limitation, market-making, trust or custody service.
 
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 	Concurrently with delivering such notice, Dealer shall give notice to Company of a commercially reasonable Price Adjustment that Dealer determines, in its good faith, commercially reasonable judgment, appropriate to account for the economic effect on the Transaction of such Redomicile Event and provide Company with supporting documentation for such Price Adjustment (unless Dealer determines in its good faith, commercially reasonable judgment that no Price Adjustment will produce a commercially reasonable result, in which case Dealer shall so notify Company). Unless Dealer determines in its good faith, commercially reasonable judgment that no Price Adjustment will produce a commercially reasonable result, within two Scheduled Trading Days of receipt of such notice, Company shall notify Dealer that it elects to (A) agree to amend the Transaction to take into account such Price Adjustment or (B) pay Dealer an amount determined by Dealer (and in respect of which Dealer has provided to Company supporting documentation) that corresponds to such Price Adjustment (and, in each case, Company shall be deemed to have repeated the representation set forth in Section 8(g) of this Confirmation as of the date of such election). If Company fails to give such notice to Dealer of its election by the end of that second Scheduled Trading Day, or if Dealer determines in its good faith, commercially reasonable judgment that no Price Adjustment will produce a commercially reasonable result, then such failure or such determination, as the case may be, shall constitute an Additional Termination Event applicable to the Transaction and, with respect to such Additional Termination Event, (1) Company shall be deemed to be the sole Affected Party, (2) the Transaction shall be the sole Affected Transaction and (3) Dealer shall be the party entitled to designate an Early Termination Date pursuant to Section 6(b) of the Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, the parties hereto agree and acknowledge that the occurrence of a Redomicile Event shall not preclude the occurrence of one or more additional, subsequent Redomicile Events, it being understood and agreed that any Price Adjustment described in clause (A) above and/or any payment described in clause (B) above shall be calculated without duplication in respect of any prior such Price Adjustment and/or payment. For purposes of the foregoing, Dealer will be deemed to have not determined that no Price Adjustment will produce a commercially reasonable result unless Dealer has consulted with Company regarding such Price Adjustment determination for a period of at least five Scheduled Trading Days (it being understood that such consultation period may run concurrently with the Redomicile Event Consultation Period for the related Redomicile Event if Company receives notice of such Price Adjustment determination prior to the start of such Redomicile Event Consultation Period).	
 
 	(bb) 	FATCA and Dividend Equivalent Tax . “Indemnifiable Tax” as defined in Section 14 of the Agreement shall not include (i) any tax imposed or collected pursuant to Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code, any current or future regulations or official interpretations thereof, any agreement entered into pursuant to Section 1471(b) of the Code, or any fiscal or regulatory legislation, rules or practices adopted pursuant to any intergovernmental agreement entered into in connection with the implementation of such Sections of the Code (a “ FATCA Withholding Tax ”) or (ii) any tax imposed on amounts treated as dividends from sources within the United States under Section 871(m) of the Code (or the United States Treasury Regulations or other guidance issued thereunder). For the avoidance of doubt, a FATCA Withholding Tax is a Tax the deduction or withholding of which is required by applicable law for the purposes of Section 2(d) of the Agreement.	
 
 	(cc) 	U.S. Federal Withholding Tax. If Dealer transfers or assigns all or any part of its rights and obligations under the Transaction without the Company’s consent to a transferee that (1) is not a United States person (as defined in the Code) and (2) does not provide a W-8ECI, the term “Indemnifiable Tax” as defined in Section 14 of the Agreement shall not include any U.S. federal withholding tax including, but not limited to (i) any FATCA Withholding Tax, (ii) any tax imposed on amounts treated as dividends from sources within the United States under Section 871(m) of the Code (or the United States Treasury Regulations or other guidance issued thereunder), or (iii) any tax imposed on amounts treated as distributions of property under Section 305 of the Code (or the United States Treasury Regulations or other guidance issued thereunder), and if, at any time, Company is required to remit an amount of tax in respect of any such U.S. federal withholding tax including, but not limited to any tax described under (i) through (iii) with respect to a payment (or deemed payment or deemed distribution) under the Transaction, then without duplication for any amount that Company has deducted on account of such tax from any amount paid to such transferee pursuant to the Transaction, the amount so required to be remitted shall be payable by such transferee to Company within 10 business days of written demand by the Company. For the avoidance of doubt, a FATCA Withholding Tax is a Tax the deduction or withholding of which is required by applicable law for the purposes of Section 2(d) of the Agreement.	
 
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 	(dd) 	Part 2(b) of the ISDA Schedule – Payee Representation .	
 
 	(i)	For the purpose of Section 3(f) of this Agreement, Company makes the following representation to Dealer:	
Company is a corporation established under the laws of the State of Delaware and is a “United States person” (as that term is defined in Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code).
 
 	(ii)	For the purpose of Section 3(f) of this Agreement, Dealer makes the following representation to Company:	
Each payment received or to be received by it in connection with this Agreement is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business by Dealer within the United States; and
It is a “foreign person” (as that term is used in Section 1.6041-4(a)(4) of the United States Treasury Regulations) for United States federal income tax purposes.
 
 	(ee) 	Part 3(a) of the ISDA Schedule – Tax Forms :	

Party Required to
Deliver Document	  	Form/Document/Certificate	  	Date by which to be Delivered	
Company	  	A complete and duly executed United States Internal Revenue Service Form W-9 (or successor thereto.)	  	(i) Upon execution and delivery of this Agreement; (ii) promptly upon reasonable demand by Dealer; and (iii) promptly upon learning that any such Form previously provided by Company has become obsolete or incorrect.	
			
Dealer	  	A complete and duly executed United States Internal Revenue Service Form W-8ECI (or successor thereto)	  	(i) Upon execution and delivery of this Agreement; (ii) promptly upon reasonable demand by Company; and (iii) promptly upon learning that any such Form previously provided by Dealer has become obsolete or incorrect.	
 
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Please confirm that the foregoing correctly sets forth the terms of our agreement by executing this Confirmation and returning it to Dealer.

					
Very truly yours,	
		
	 	ROYAL BANK OF CANADA
by its agent
RBC Capital Markets, LLC	
			
	 	By:	 	s/ Dawn T. Laabs	
	 	Authorized Signatory	
	 	Name:	
Accepted and confirmed
as of the Trade Date:

IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.	

By:	 	s/ Bryan Reasons	
			
Authorized Signatory	
Name:	
[Additional Warrant Signature Page]

Exhibit 10.18

 
	
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
3 World Financial Center
200 Vesey Street
New York, New York 10281
Telephone: (212) 858-7000
 
June 26, 2015                            	
 
To:	Impax Laboratories, Inc.	
30831 Huntwood Avenue
Hayward, CA 94544
Attention:              Mark Schlossberg, SVP & General Counsel
Telephone No.:     (510) 240-6000
Facsimile No.:      (510) 240-6096
 
Re:	Additional Call Option Transaction	
The purpose of this letter agreement (this “ Confirmation ”) is to confirm the terms and conditions of the call option transaction entered into between Royal Bank of Canada (“ Dealer ”) and Impax Laboratories, Inc. (“ Counterparty ”) as of the Trade Date specified below (the “ Transaction ”). This letter agreement constitutes a “Confirmation” as referred to in the ISDA Master Agreement specified below. This Confirmation shall replace any previous agreements and serve as the final documentation for the Transaction.
The definitions and provisions contained in the 2002 ISDA Equity Derivatives Definitions (the “ Equity Definitions ”), as published by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. (“ ISDA ”) are incorporated into this Confirmation. In the event of any inconsistency between the Equity Definitions and this Confirmation, this Confirmation shall govern. Certain defined terms used herein are based on terms that are defined in the Offering Memorandum dated June 25, 2015 (the “ Offering Memorandum ”) relating to the 2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022 (as originally issued by Counterparty, the “ Convertible Notes ” and each USD 1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, a “ Convertible Note ”) issued by Counterparty in an aggregate initial principal amount of USD 500,000,000 (as increased by an aggregate principal amount of USD 100,000,000 pursuant to the exercise by the Initial Purchasers (as defined herein) of their option to purchase additional Convertible Notes pursuant to the Purchase Agreement (as defined herein)) pursuant to an Indenture to be dated June 30, 2015 between Counterparty and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “ Indenture ”). In the event of any inconsistency between the terms defined in the Offering Memorandum, the Indenture and this Confirmation, this Confirmation shall govern. The parties acknowledge that this Confirmation is entered into on the date hereof with the understanding that (i) definitions set forth in the Indenture which are also defined herein by reference to the Indenture and (ii) sections of the Indenture that are referred to herein will conform to the descriptions thereof in the Offering Memorandum. If any such definitions in the Indenture or any such sections of the Indenture differ from the descriptions thereof in the Offering Memorandum, the descriptions thereof in the Offering Memorandum will govern for purposes of this Confirmation. The parties further acknowledge that the Indenture section numbers used herein are based on the draft of the Indenture last reviewed by Dealer as of the date of this Confirmation, and if any such section numbers are changed in the Indenture as executed, the parties will amend this Confirmation in good faith to preserve the intent of the parties. Subject to the foregoing, references to the Indenture herein are references to the Indenture as in effect on the date of its execution, and if the Indenture is amended or supplemented following such date (other than any amendment or supplement (x) pursuant to Section 10.01(m) of the Indenture that, as determined by the Calculation Agent, conforms the Indenture to the description of Convertible Notes in the Offering Memorandum or (y) pursuant to Section 14.07 of the Indenture, subject, in the case of this clause (y), to the second paragraph under “Method of Adjustment” in Section 3), any such amendment or supplement will be disregarded for purposes of this Confirmation unless the parties agree otherwise in writing.
Each party is hereby advised, and each such party acknowledges, that the other party has engaged in, or refrained from engaging in, substantial financial transactions and has taken other material actions in reliance upon the parties’ entry into the Transaction to which this Confirmation relates on the terms and conditions set forth below.

1. This Confirmation evidences a complete and binding agreement between Dealer and Counterparty as to the terms of the Transaction to which this Confirmation relates. This Confirmation shall supplement, form a part of, and be subject to an agreement in the form of the 2002 ISDA Master Agreement (the “ Agreement ”) as if Dealer and Counterparty had executed an agreement in such form (but without any Schedule except for (i) the election of the laws of the State of New York as the governing law (without reference to choice of law doctrine); and (ii) the election that the “Cross Default” provisions of Section 5(a)(vi) of the Agreement will apply to Dealer as if (a) the phrase “, or becoming capable at such time of being declared,” were deleted from Section 5(a)(vi)(1) of the Agreement, (b) the “Threshold Amount” with respect to Dealer were three percent (3%) of shareholders’ equity of Dealer as of the Trade Date, (c) the following language were added to the end of Section 5(a)(vi): “Notwithstanding the foregoing, a default under subsection (2) hereof shall not constitute an Event of Default if (x) the default was caused solely by error or omission of an administrative or operational nature; (y) funds were available to enable the party to make the payment when due; and (z) the payment is made within two Local Business Days of such party’s receipt of written notice of its failure to pay.”; and (d) the term “Specified Indebtedness” had meaning specified in Section 14 of the Agreement, except that such term shall not include obligations in respect of deposits received in the ordinary course of Dealer’s banking business) on the Trade Date. In the event of any inconsistency between provisions of the Agreement and this Confirmation, this Confirmation will prevail for the purpose of the Transaction to which this Confirmation relates. The parties hereby agree that no transaction other than the Transaction to which this Confirmation relates shall be governed by the Agreement.

2. The terms of the particular Transaction to which this Confirmation relates are as follows:	
		
	 	General Terms .	
				
	 		  	Trade Date:	  	June 26, 2015	
				
	 		  	Effective Date:	  	The Trade Date	
				
	 		  	Option Style:	  	“Modified American”, as described under “Procedures for Exercise” below	
				
	 		  	Option Type:	  	Call	
				
	 		  	Buyer:	  	Counterparty	
				
	 		  	Seller:	  	Dealer	
				
	 		  	Shares:	  	The common stock of Counterparty, par value USD 0.01 per share (Exchange symbol “IPXL”).	
				
	 		  	Number of Options:	  	100,000. For the avoidance of doubt, the Number of Options shall be reduced by any Options exercised by Counterparty. In no event will the Number of Options be less than zero.	
				
	 		  	Option Entitlement:	  	15.7858.	
				
	 		  	Strike Price:	  	USD 63.35	
				
	 		  	Premium:	  	USD 24,500,000.00	
				
	 		  	Premium Payment Date:	  	The closing date of the initial issuance of the Convertible Notes	
				
	 		  	Exchange:	  	The NASDAQ Global Market	
				
	 		  	Related Exchange(s):	  	All Exchanges	
				
	 		  	Excluded Provisions:	  	Section 14.04(i) and Section 14.03 of the Indenture.	
 
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	 	Procedures for Exercise.	  		
				
	 		  	Conversion Date:	  	With respect to any conversion of a Convertible Note, the date on which the Holder (as such term is defined in the Indenture) of such Convertible Note satisfies all of the requirements for conversion thereof as set forth in Section 14.02(b) of the Indenture.	
				
	 		  	Free Convertibility Date:	  	December 15, 2021	
				
	 		  	Expiration Time:	  	The Valuation Time	
				
	 		  	Expiration Date:	  	June 15, 2022, subject to earlier exercise.	
				
	 		  	Multiple Exercise:	  	Applicable, as described under “Automatic Exercise” below.	
				
	 		  	Automatic Exercise:	  	Notwithstanding Section 3.4 of the Equity Definitions, on each Conversion Date in respect of which a Notice of Conversion that is effective as to Counterparty has been delivered by the relevant converting Holder, a number of Options equal to (i) the number of Convertible Notes in denominations of USD 1,000 as to which such Conversion Date has occurred minus (ii) the number of Options that are or are deemed to be automatically exercised on such Conversion Date under the Base Call Option Transaction Confirmation letter agreement dated June 25, 2015 between Dealer and Counterparty (the “ Base Call Option Confirmation ”), shall be deemed to be automatically exercised; provided that such Options shall be exercised or deemed exercised only if Counterparty has provided a Notice of Exercise to Dealer in accordance with “Notice of Exercise” below.	
				
	 		  		  	Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall the number of Options that are exercised or deemed exercised hereunder exceed the Number of Options.	
				
	 		  	Notice Deadline:	  	In respect of any exercise of Options on any Conversion Date, 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Scheduled Valid Day immediately preceding the scheduled first day of the Settlement Averaging Period for such Options; provided that in respect of any Options relating to Convertible Notes with a Conversion Date occurring on or after the Free Convertibility Date, the Notice Deadline is 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Scheduled Valid Day immediately preceding the Expiration Date; provided, further , that notwithstanding the foregoing, any Notice of Exercise and the related automatic exercise of the related Options shall be effective if given after the relevant Notice Deadline but prior to 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the fifth Scheduled Valid Day following the Notice Deadline and, in respect of any Options in respect of which such notice is delivered after the relevant Notice Deadline pursuant to this proviso, the Calculation Agent shall have the right to adjust the number of Shares and/or amount of cash deliverable by Dealer with respect to such Options in a commercially reasonable manner as appropriate to reflect the additional costs and losses (including, but not limited to, hedging mismatches and market losses) and expenses incurred by Dealer in connection with its hedging activities (including the unwinding of any hedge position) as a result of Dealer not having received such notice on or prior to the Notice Deadline.	
 
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	 		 		  		  		  	Notice of Exercise:	  	Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Equity Definitions or under “Automatic Exercise” above, in order to exercise any Options, Counterparty must notify Dealer in writing before 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the applicable Notice Deadline of (i) the aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes as to which such Conversion Date has occurred (including, if applicable, whether all or any portion of such Convertible Notes are Convertible Notes as to which additional Shares would be added to the Conversion Rate (as defined in the Indenture) pursuant to Section 14.03 of the Indenture (the “ Make-Whole Convertible Notes ”)), (ii) the scheduled first day of the Settlement Averaging Period and the scheduled Settlement Date, (iii) the Relevant Settlement Method for such Options, and (iv) if the settlement method for the related Convertible Notes is not Settlement in Shares or Settlement in Cash (each as defined below), the fixed amount of cash per Convertible Note that Counterparty has elected to deliver to Holders (as such term is defined in the Indenture) of the related Convertible Notes (the “ Specified Cash Amount ”); provided that in respect of any Options relating to Convertible Notes with a Conversion Date occurring on or after the Free Convertibility Date, (A) such notice need only specify the information required in clause (i) above, and (B) if the Relevant Settlement Method for such Options is (x) Net Share Settlement and the Specified Cash Amount is not USD 1,000, (y) Cash Settlement or (z) Combination Settlement, Dealer shall have received a separate notice (the “ Notice of Final Settlement Method ”) in respect of all such Convertible Notes before 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Scheduled Trading Day immediately following the Free Convertibility Date specifying the information required in clauses (iii) and (iv) above; provided , further , that any “Notice of Exercise” or “Notice of Final Settlement Method” delivered to Dealer pursuant to the Base Call Option Confirmation shall be deemed to be a Notice of Exercise or Notice of Final Settlement Method, as the case may be, pursuant to this Confirmation and the terms of such Notice of Exercise or Notice of Final Settlement Method shall apply, mutatis mutandis , to this Confirmation. Counterparty acknowledges its responsibilities under applicable securities laws, and in particular Section 9 and Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act (as defined below) and the rules and regulations thereunder, in respect of any election of a settlement method with respect to the Convertible Notes.	
 
4

							
        	 		 	Valuation Time:	  	At the close of trading of the regular trading session on the Exchange; provided that if the principal trading session is extended, the Calculation Agent shall determine the Valuation Time in its reasonable discretion.	
				
	 		 	Market Disruption Event:	  	Section 6.3(a) of the Equity Definitions is hereby replaced in its entirety by the following:	
				
	 		 		  	“‘Market Disruption Event’ means, in respect of a Share, (i) a failure by the primary United States national or regional securities exchange or market on which the Shares are listed or admitted for trading to open for trading during its regular trading session or (ii) the occurrence or existence prior to 1:00 p.m. (New York City time) on any Scheduled Valid Day for the Shares for more than one half-hour period in the aggregate during regular trading hours of any suspension or limitation imposed on trading (by reason of movements in price exceeding limits permitted by the relevant stock exchange or otherwise) in the Shares or in any options contracts or futures contracts relating to the Shares.”	
			
	 	Settlement Terms .	  		
				
	 		 	Settlement Method:	  	For any Option, Net Share Settlement; provided that if the Relevant Settlement Method set forth below for such Option is not Net Share Settlement, then the Settlement Method for such Option shall be such Relevant Settlement Method, but only if Counterparty shall have notified Dealer of the Relevant Settlement Method in the Notice of Exercise or Notice of Final Settlement Method, as applicable, for such Option.	
				
	 		 	Relevant Settlement Method:	  	In respect of any Option:	
				
	 		 		  	(i) if Counterparty has elected to settle its conversion obligations in respect of the related Convertible Note (A) entirely in Shares pursuant to Section 14.02(a)(v)(A) of the Indenture (together with cash in lieu of fractional Shares) (such settlement method, “ Settlement in Shares ”), (B) in a combination of cash and Shares pursuant to Section 14.02(a)(v)(C) of the Indenture with a Specified Cash Amount less than USD 1,000 (such settlement method, “ Low Cash Combination Settlement ”) or (C) in a combination of cash and Shares pursuant to Section 14.02(a)(v)(C) of the Indenture with a Specified Cash Amount equal to USD 1,000, then, in each case, the Relevant Settlement Method for such Option shall be Net Share Settlement;	
				
	 		 		  	(ii) if Counterparty has elected to settle its conversion obligations in respect of the related Convertible Note in a combination of cash and Shares pursuant to Section 14.02(a)(v)(C) of the Indenture with a Specified Cash Amount greater than USD 1,000, then the Relevant Settlement Method for such Option shall be Combination Settlement; and	
 
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	  		  		  	(iii) if Counterparty has elected to settle its conversion obligations in respect of the related Convertible Note entirely in cash pursuant to Section 14.02(a)(v)(B) of the Indenture (such settlement method, “ Settlement in Cash ”), then the Relevant Settlement Method for such Option shall be Cash Settlement.	
				
	  		  	Net Share Settlement:	  	If Net Share Settlement is applicable to any Option exercised or deemed exercised hereunder, Dealer will deliver to Counterparty, on the relevant Settlement Date for each such Option, a number of Shares (the “ Net Share Settlement Amount ”) equal to the sum, for each Valid Day during the Settlement Averaging Period for each such Option, of (i) (a) the Daily Option Value for such Valid Day, divided by (b) the Relevant Price on such Valid Day, divided by (ii) the number of Valid Days in the Settlement Averaging Period; provided that in no event shall the Net Share Settlement Amount for any Option exceed a number of Shares equal to the Applicable Limit for such Option divided by the Applicable Limit Price on the Settlement Date for such Option.	
				
	  		  		  	Dealer will pay cash in lieu of delivering any fractional Shares to be delivered with respect to any Net Share Settlement Share Amount valued at the Relevant Price for the last Valid Day of the applicable Settlement Averaging Period.	
				
	  		  	Combination Settlement:	  	If Combination Settlement is applicable to any Option exercised or deemed exercised hereunder, Dealer will pay and/or deliver, as the case may be, to Counterparty, on the relevant Settlement Date for each such Option:	
					
	  		  		  	(i)	  	cash (the “ Combination Settlement Cash Amount ”) equal to the sum, for each Valid Day during the Settlement Averaging Period for such Option, of (A) an amount for such Valid Day (the “ Daily Combination Settlement Cash Amount ”) equal to the lesser of (1) the Specified Cash Amount minus USD 1,000 and (2) the Daily Option Value for such Valid Day, divided by (B) the number of Valid Days in the Settlement Averaging Period; provided that if the calculation in clause (A) above results in zero or a negative number for any Valid Day, the Daily Combination Settlement Cash Amount for such Valid Day shall be deemed to be zero; and	
 
6

							
	  		  		  	(ii)  Shares (the “ Combination Settlement Share Amount ”) equal to the sum, for each Valid Day during the Settlement Averaging Period for such Option, of a number of Shares for such Valid Day (the “ Daily Combination Settlement Share Amount ”) equal to (A) (1) the Daily Option Value on such Valid Day minus the Daily Combination Settlement Cash Amount for such Valid Day, divided by (2) the Relevant Price on such Valid Day, divided by (B) the number of Valid Days in the Settlement Averaging Period; provided that if the calculation in sub-clause (A)(1) above results in zero or a negative number for any Valid Day, the Daily Combination Settlement Share Amount for such Valid Day shall be deemed to be zero;	
				
	  		  		  	provided that in no event shall the sum of (x) the Combination Settlement Cash Amount for any Option and (y) the Combination Settlement Share Amount for such Option multiplied by the Applicable Limit Price on the Settlement Date for such Option, exceed the Applicable Limit for such Option.	
				
	  		  		  	Dealer will pay cash in lieu of delivering any fractional Shares to be delivered with respect to any Combination Settlement Share Amount valued at the Relevant Price for the last Valid Day of the Settlement Averaging Period.	
				
	  		  	Cash Settlement:	  	If Cash Settlement is applicable to any Option exercised or deemed exercised hereunder, in lieu of Section 8.1 of the Equity Definitions, Dealer will pay to Counterparty, on the relevant Settlement Date for each such Option, an amount of cash (the “ Cash Settlement Amount ”) equal to the sum, for each Valid Day during the Settlement Averaging Period for such Option, of (i) the Daily Option Value for such Valid Day, divided by (ii) the number of Valid Days in the Settlement Averaging Period.	
				
	  		  	Daily Option Value:	  	For any Valid Day, an amount equal to (i) the Option Entitlement on such Valid Day, multiplied by (ii) the Relevant Price on such Valid Day less the Strike Price on such Valid Day; provided that if the calculation contained in clause (ii) above results in a negative number, the Daily Option Value for such Valid Day shall be deemed to be zero. In no event will the Daily Option Value be less than zero.	
				
	  		  	Make-Whole Adjustment:	  	Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, in respect of any exercise of Options relating to a conversion of Convertible Notes for which additional Shares will be added to the “Conversion Rate” (as defined in the Indenture) as determined pursuant to Section 14.03 of the Indenture, the Daily Option Value shall be calculated as if the Option Entitlement included such additional Shares as determined with reference to the adjustment set forth in such Section 14.03 of the Indenture; provided that if the sum of (i) the product of (a) the number of Shares (if any) deliverable by Dealer to Counterparty per exercised Option and (b) the Applicable Limit Price on the Settlement Date and (ii) the amount of cash (if any) payable by Dealer to Counterparty per exercised Option would otherwise exceed the amount per Option, as determined by the Calculation Agent, that would be payable by Dealer under Section 6 of the Agreement if (x) the relevant Conversion Date were an Early Termination Date resulting from an Additional Termination Event with respect to which the Transaction was the sole Affected Transaction and Counterparty was the sole Affected Party and (y) Section 14.03 of the Indenture were deleted, then each Daily Option Value shall be proportionately reduced to the extent necessary to eliminate such excess.	
 
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	  		  	Applicable Limit:	  	For any Option, an amount of cash equal to the excess of (i) the aggregate of (A) the amount of cash, if any, paid to the Holder of the related Convertible Note upon conversion of such Convertible Note and (B) the number of Shares, if any, delivered to the Holder of the related Convertible Note upon conversion of such Convertible Note, in each case, pursuant to the terms of the Indenture multiplied by the Applicable Limit Price on the Settlement Date for such Option, over (ii) USD 1,000.	
				
	  		  	Applicable Limit Price:	  	On any day, the opening price as displayed under the heading “Op” on Bloomberg page IPXL <equity> (or any successor thereto).	
				
	  		  	Valid Day:	  	A day on which (i) there is no Market Disruption Event and (ii) trading in the Shares generally occurs on the Exchange or, if the Shares are not then listed on the Exchange, on the principal other United States national or regional securities exchange on which the Shares are then listed or, if the Shares are not then listed on a United States national or regional securities exchange, on the principal other market on which the Shares are then listed or admitted for trading. If the Shares are not so listed or admitted for trading, “Valid Day” means a Business Day.	
				
	  		  	Scheduled Valid Day:	  	A day that is scheduled to be a Valid Day on the principal United States national or regional securities exchange or market on which the Shares are listed or admitted for trading. If the Shares are not so listed or admitted for trading, “Scheduled Valid Day” means a Business Day.	
				
	  		  	Business Day:	  	Any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which the Federal Reserve Bank of New York is authorized or required by law or executive order to close or be closed.	
				
	  		  	Relevant Price:	  	On any Valid Day, the per Share volume-weighted average price as displayed under the heading “Bloomberg VWAP” on Bloomberg page IPXL <equity> AQR (or its equivalent successor if such page is not available) in respect of the period from the scheduled opening time of the Exchange to the Scheduled Closing Time of the Exchange on such Valid Day (or if such volume-weighted average price is unavailable at such time, the market value of one Share on such Valid Day, as determined by the Calculation Agent using, if practicable, a volume-weighted average method). The Relevant Price will be determined without regard to after-hours trading or any other trading outside of the regular trading session trading hours.	
 
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	  		  	Settlement Averaging Period:	  	For any Option and regardless of the Settlement Method applicable to such Option:	
				
	  		  		  	(i) if the related Conversion Date occurs prior to the Free Convertibility Date, the 40 consecutive Valid Days commencing on, and including, the second Valid Day following such Conversion Date; provided that if the Notice of Exercise for such Option specifies that Settlement in Shares or Low Cash Combination Settlement applies to the related Convertible Note, the Settlement Averaging Period shall be the 80 consecutive Valid Day period commencing on, and including, the second Valid Day immediately following such Conversion Date; or	
				
	  		  		  	(ii)  if the related Conversion Date occurs on or following the Free Convertibility Date, the 40 consecutive Valid Days commencing on, and including, the 42 nd Scheduled Valid Day immediately prior to the Expiration Date; provided that if the Notice of Exercise or Notice of Final Settlement Method, as applicable, for such Option specifies that Settlement in Shares or Low Cash Combination Settlement applies to the related Convertible Note, the Settlement Averaging Period shall be the 80 consecutive Valid Days commencing on, and including, the 82 nd Scheduled Valid Day immediately prior to the Expiration Date.	
				
	  		  	Settlement Date:	  	For any Option, the third Business Day immediately following the final Valid Day of the Settlement Averaging Period for such Option.	
				
	  		  	Settlement Currency:	  	USD	
				
	  		  	Other Applicable Provisions:	  	The provisions of Sections 9.1(c), 9.8, 9.9 and 9.11 of the Equity Definitions will be applicable, except that all references in such provisions to “Physically-settled” shall be read as references to “Share Settled”. “Share Settled” in relation to any Option means that Net Share Settlement or Combination Settlement is applicable to that Option.	
				
	  		  	Representation and Agreement:	  	Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Equity Definitions (including, but not limited to, Section 9.11 thereof), the parties acknowledge that (i) any Shares delivered to Counterparty shall be, upon delivery, subject to restrictions and limitations arising from Counterparty’s status as issuer of the Shares under applicable securities laws, (ii) Dealer may deliver any Shares required to be delivered hereunder in certificated form in lieu of delivery through the Clearance System and (iii) any Shares delivered to Counterparty may be “restricted securities” (as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Securities Act ”)).	
 
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3.	  	Additional Terms applicable to the Transaction.	  		
			
	  	Adjustments applicable to the Transaction:	  		
				
	  		  	Potential Adjustment Events:	  	Notwithstanding Section 11.2(e) of the Equity Definitions, a “Potential Adjustment Event” means an occurrence of any event or condition, as set forth in any Dilution Adjustment Provision, that would result in an adjustment under the Indenture to the “Conversion Rate” or the composition of a “unit of Reference Property” or to any “Last Reported Sale Price”, “Daily VWAP,” “Daily Conversion Value” or “Daily Settlement Amount” (each as defined in the Indenture). For the avoidance of doubt, Dealer shall not have any delivery or payment obligation hereunder, and no adjustment shall be made to the terms of the Transaction, on account of (x) any distribution of cash, property or securities by Counterparty to holders of the Convertible Notes (upon conversion or otherwise) or (y) any other transaction in which holders of the Convertible Notes are entitled to participate, in each case, in lieu of an adjustment under the Indenture of the type referred to in the immediately preceding sentence (including, without limitation, pursuant to the fourth sentence of the first paragraph of Section 14.04(c) of the Indenture or the fourth sentence of Section 14.04(d) of the Indenture).	
				
	  		  	Method of Adjustment:	  	Calculation Agent Adjustment, which means that, notwithstanding Section 11.2(c) of the Equity Definitions, upon any Potential Adjustment Event, the Calculation Agent, in a commercially reasonable manner and in consultation with Counterparty, shall make a corresponding adjustment to any one or more of the Strike Price, Number of Options, Option Entitlement and any other variable relevant to the exercise, settlement or payment for the Transaction to the extent an analogous adjustment would be made pursuant to the Indenture in connection with such Potential Adjustment Event.	
				
	  		  		  	Notwithstanding the foregoing and “Consequences of Merger Events” below, if the Calculation Agent in good faith disagrees with any adjustment to the Convertible Notes that involves an exercise of discretion by Counterparty or its board of directors (including, without limitation, pursuant to Section 14.05 of the Indenture, Section 14.07 of the Indenture or any supplemental indenture entered into thereunder or in connection with any proportional adjustment or the determination of the fair value of any securities, property, rights or other assets), then in each such case, the Calculation Agent will determine the adjustment to be made to any one or more of the Strike Price, Number of Options, Option Entitlement and any other variable relevant to the exercise, settlement or payment for the Transaction in a commercially reasonable manner and in consultation with Counterparty; provided, further , that, notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Potential Adjustment Event occurs during the Settlement Averaging Period but no adjustment was made to any Convertible Note under the Indenture because the relevant Holder (as such term is defined in the Indenture) was deemed to be a record owner of the underlying Shares on the related Conversion Date, then the Calculation Agent shall make an adjustment, as determined by it, to the terms hereof in order to account for such Potential Adjustment Event in a commercially reasonable manner and in consultation with Counterparty.	
 
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	  		  	Dilution Adjustment Provisions:	  	Sections 14.04(a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) and Section 14.05 of the Indenture.	
			
	  	Extraordinary Events applicable to the Transaction:	  		
				
	  		  	Merger Events:	  	Applicable; provided that notwithstanding Section 12.1(b) of the Equity Definitions, which shall not apply with respect to the Transaction, a “Merger Event” means the occurrence of any event or condition set forth in the definition of “Merger Event” in Section 14.07 of the Indenture.	
				
	  		  	Tender Offers:	  	Not applicable.	
				
	  		  	Consequences of Merger Events:	  	Subject to Section 9(bb) below and notwithstanding Section 12.2 and Section 12.3 of the Equity Definitions, upon the occurrence of a Merger Event, the Calculation Agent, in a commercially reasonable manner and in consultation with Counterparty, shall make a corresponding adjustment in respect of any adjustment under the Indenture to any one or more of the nature of the Shares, Strike Price, Number of Options, Option Entitlement and any other variable relevant to the exercise, settlement or payment for the Transaction to the extent an analogous adjustment would be made pursuant to the Indenture in connection with such Merger Event, subject to the second paragraph under “Method of Adjustment”; provided , however , that no adjustment shall be made in respect of any adjustment to the Conversion Rate pursuant to any Excluded Provision.	
				
	  		  	Nationalization, Insolvency or Delisting:	  	Cancellation and Payment (Calculation Agent Determination); provided that, in addition to the provisions of Section 12.6(a)(iii) of the Equity Definitions, it will also constitute a Delisting if the Exchange is located in the United States and the Shares are not immediately re-listed, re-traded or re-quoted on any of the New York Stock Exchange, The NASDAQ Global Select Market or The NASDAQ Global Market (or their respective successors); if the Shares are immediately re-listed, re-traded or re-quoted on any of the New York Stock Exchange, The NASDAQ Global Select Market or The NASDAQ Global Market (or their respective successors), such exchange or quotation system shall thereafter be deemed to be the Exchange.	
 
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	  	Restrictions on Adjustments:	  	Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Equity Definitions or this Confirmation, none of the events listed in Section 14.04(j) of the Indenture will constitute a Potential Adjustment Event or a Merger Event, and no adjustment will be made to the Transaction in connection with any such event pursuant to the Equity Definitions (as amended by this Confirmation) or otherwise.	
			
	  	Additional Disruption Events:	  		
				
	  		  	Change in Law:	  	Applicable; provided that Section 12.9(a)(ii) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by (i) replacing the word “Shares” with the phrase “Hedge Positions” in clause (X) thereof and (ii) inserting the parenthetical “(including, for the avoidance of doubt and without limitation, adoption or promulgation of new regulations authorized or mandated by existing statute)” at the end of clause (A) thereof.	
				
	  		  	Failure to Deliver:	  	Applicable	
				
	  		  	Hedging Disruption:	  	Applicable; provided that,	
				
	  		  		  	(i) Section 12.9(a)(v) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by (a) inserting the following words at the end of clause (A) thereof: “in the manner contemplated by the Hedging Party on the Trade Date” and (b) inserting the following two phrases at the end of such Section:	
				
	  		  		  	“For the avoidance of doubt, the term “equity price risk” shall be deemed to include, but shall not be limited to, stock price and volatility risk. And, for the further avoidance of doubt, any such transactions or assets referred to in phrases (A) or (B) above must be available on commercially reasonable pricing terms.”; and	
				
	  		  		  	(ii)  Section 12.9(b)(iii) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by inserting in the third line thereof, after the words “to terminate the Transaction”, the words “or a portion of the Transaction affected by such Hedging Disruption”.	
				
	  		  	Increased Cost of Hedging:	  	Applicable	
				
	  		  	Hedging Party:	  	For all applicable Additional Disruption Events, Dealer.	
		
Determining Party:	  	For all applicable Extraordinary Events, Dealer.	
			
Non-Reliance:	  	Applicable.	  		
			
Agreements and Acknowledgments Regarding Hedging Activities:	  	Applicable	  		
			
Additional Acknowledgments:	  	Applicable	  		
 
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4.	  	Calculation Agent.	  	Dealer, whose judgments, determinations and calculations shall be made in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner; provided that, following the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default of the type described in Section 5(a)(vii) of the Agreement with respect to which Dealer is the sole Defaulting Party, if the Calculation Agent fails to timely make any calculation, adjustment or determination required to be made by the Calculation Agent hereunder or to perform any obligation of the Calculation Agent hereunder and such failure continues for five (5) Exchange Business Days following notice to the Calculation Agent by Counterparty of such failure, Counterparty shall have the right to designate a nationally recognized third-party dealer in over-the-counter corporate equity derivatives to act, during the period commencing on the date such Event of Default occurred and ending on the Early Termination Date with respect to such Event of Default, as the Calculation Agent. Following any determination or calculation by the Calculation Agent hereunder, upon a request by Counterparty, the Calculation Agent shall promptly (but in any event within five Scheduled Trading Days) provide to Counterparty by e-mail to the e-mail address provided by Counterparty in such request a report (in a commonly used file format for the storage and manipulation of financial data) displaying in reasonable detail the basis for such determination or calculation (including any assumptions used in making such determination or calculation), it being understood that the Calculation Agent shall not be obligated to disclose any proprietary models or proprietary or confidential information used by it for such determination or calculation.	
 
5. 	Account Details .	
 
 	(a)	Account for payments to Counterparty:	
To be provided by Counterparty.
Account for delivery of Shares to Counterparty:
To be provided by Counterparty.
 
 	(b)	Account for payments to Dealer:	
ABA: 021000021
JP Morgan Chase NY (CHASUS33)
A/C Royal Bank of Canada, NY Branch (ROYCUS3X)
A/C#: 920-1-033363
FFC A/C Name: RBC US Transit
FFC A/C#: 012692041499
Reference: Impax Laboratories, Inc.
Account for delivery of Shares from Dealer:
To be provided by Dealer.
 
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6. 	Offices .	
 
 	(a)	The Office of Counterparty for the Transaction is: Inapplicable, Counterparty is not a Multibranch Party.	
 
 	(b)	The Office of Dealer for the Transaction is: New York	
Royal Bank of Canada
c/o RBC Capital Markets, LLC
3 World Financial Center
200 Vesey Street
New York, New York 10281
Attention:            Structured Derivatives Documentation
Telephone:          (212) 858-7000
Facsimile:           (212) 428-3053
 
7. 	Notices .	
 
 	(a)	Address for notices or communications to Counterparty:	
Impax Laboratories, Inc.
30831 Huntwood Avenue
Hayward, CA 94544
Attention:            Mark Schlossberg, SVP & General Counsel
Telephone No.:    (510) 240-6000
Facsimile No.:     (510) 240-6096
Address for notices or communications to Dealer:
Royal Bank of Canada
c/o RBC Capital Markets, LLC
3 World Financial Center
200 Vesey Street
New York, New York 10281
Attention:            Structured Derivatives Documentation
Telephone:          (212) 858-7000
Facsimile:           (212) 428-3053
Email:                 RBCECMCorporateEquityLinkedDocumentation@rbc.com
 
8. 	Representations and Warranties of Counterparty .	
Other than for purposes of Section 5(a)(iv) of the Agreement, each of the representations and warranties of Counterparty set forth in Section 3 of the Purchase Agreement (the “ Purchase Agreement ”), dated as of June 25, 2015, between Counterparty and RBC Capital Markets, LLC, as representative of the initial purchasers party thereto (the “ Initial Purchasers ”), are true and correct and are hereby deemed to be repeated to Dealer as if set forth herein. Counterparty hereby further represents and warrants to Dealer on the date hereof and on and as of the Premium Payment Date that:
 
 	(a)	Counterparty has all necessary corporate power and authority to execute, deliver and perform its obligations in respect of the Transaction; such execution, delivery and performance have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on Counterparty’s part; and this Confirmation has been duly and validly executed and delivered by Counterparty and constitutes its valid and binding obligation, enforceable against Counterparty in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights and remedies generally, and subject, as to enforceability, to general principles of equity, including principles of commercial reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in a proceeding at law or in equity) and except that rights to indemnification and contribution hereunder may be limited by federal or state securities laws or public policy relating thereto.	
 
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 	(b)	Neither the execution and delivery of this Confirmation nor the incurrence or performance of obligations of Counterparty hereunder will conflict with or result in a breach of the certificate of incorporation or by-laws (or any equivalent documents) of Counterparty, or any applicable law or regulation, or any order, writ, injunction or decree of any court or governmental authority or agency, or any agreement or instrument filed as an exhibit to Counterparty’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, as updated by any subsequent filings, or constitute a default under, or result in the creation of any lien under, any such agreement or instrument.	
 
 	(c)	No consent, approval, authorization, or order of, or filing with, any governmental agency or body or any court is required in connection with the execution, delivery or performance by Counterparty of this Confirmation, except such as have been obtained or made and such as may be required under the Securities Act or state securities laws.	
 
 	(d)	Counterparty is not and, after consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, will not be required to register as an “investment company” as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.	
 
 	(e)	Counterparty is an “eligible contract participant” (as such term is defined in Section 1a(18) of the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended, other than a person that is an eligible contract participant under Section 1a(18)(C) of the Commodity Exchange Act).	
 
 	(f)	Each of it and its affiliates is not, on the date hereof, in possession of any material non-public information with respect to Counterparty or the Shares.	
 
 	(g)	To Counterparty’s knowledge, no state or local (including any non-U.S. jurisdiction’s) law, rule, regulation or regulatory order applicable to the Shares would give rise to any reporting, consent, registration or other requirement (including without limitation a requirement to obtain prior approval from any person or entity) as a result of Dealer or its affiliates owning or holding (however defined) Shares.	
 
 	(h)	Counterparty (A) is capable of evaluating investment risks independently, both in general and with regard to all transactions and investment strategies involving a security or securities; (B) will exercise independent judgment in evaluating the recommendations of any broker-dealer or its associated persons, unless it has otherwise notified the broker-dealer in writing; and (C) has total assets of at least $50 million.	
 
 	(i)	Without limiting the generality of Section 13.1 of the Equity Definitions, Counterparty acknowledges that Dealer is not making any representations or warranties with respect to the treatment of the Transaction under any accounting standards including ASC Topic 260, Earnings Per Share , ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging , or ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity and ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (or any successor issue statements) or under FASB’s Liabilities & Equity Project.	
 
 	(j)	Without limiting the generality of Section 3(a)(iii) of the Agreement, the Transaction will not violate Rule 13e-1 or Rule 13e-4 under the Exchange Act.	
 
 	(k)	(A) Counterparty is acting for its own account, and it has made its own independent decisions to enter into the Transaction and as to whether the Transaction is appropriate or proper for it based upon its own judgment and upon advice from such advisers as it has deemed necessary, (B) Counterparty is not relying on any communication (written or oral) of Dealer or any of its affiliates as investment advice or as a recommendation to enter into the Transaction (it being understood that information and explanations related to the terms and conditions of the Transaction shall not be considered investment advice or a recommendation to enter into the Transaction) and (C) no communication (written or oral) received from Dealer or any of its affiliates shall be deemed to be an assurance or guarantee as to the expected results of the Transaction.	
 
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9. 	Other Provisions .	
 
 	(a) 	Opinions . Counterparty shall deliver to Dealer one or more opinions of counsel, dated as of the Premium Payment Date, given by Latham & Watkins LLP, with respect to the matters set forth in Sections 8(a) through (c) of this Confirmation; provided that any such opinion of counsel may contain customary exceptions and qualifications. 1 Delivery of such opinion to Dealer shall be a condition precedent for the purpose of Section 2(a)(iii) of the Agreement with respect to each obligation of Dealer under Section 2(a)(i) of the Agreement. In addition, in connection with the entry into or consummation of any Redomicile Transaction, Counterparty shall deliver to Dealer an opinion of counsel (subject to customary qualifications, assumptions and exceptions), dated as of the date of such Redomicile Transaction, with respect to the matters set forth in Sections 8(a) through (c) of this Confirmation (except the reference in Section 8(b) to “any agreement or instrument filed as an exhibit to Counterparty’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, as updated by any subsequent filings” shall be replaced with “any agreement or instrument to which Counterparty or its subsidiaries is a party or to which Counterparty or any of its subsidiaries is subject”). “ Redomicile Transaction ” meansany Merger Event (as such term is defined in Section 12.1(b) of the Equity Definitions without regard to any amendment to such definition in this Confirmation), reincorporation of Counterparty, corporate redomiciliation of Counterparty or similar transaction pursuant to which (x) the consideration for the Shares includes (or, at the option of a holder of Shares, may include) shares of a corporation that is not organized under the laws of the United States, any State thereof or the District of Columbia or (y) the Counterparty following such Merger Event, reincorporation of Counterparty, corporate redomiciliation of Counterparty or similar transaction is not a corporation or is incorporated in a jurisdiction other than the United States, any State thereof or the District of Columbia.	
 
 	(b) 	Repurchase Notices . Counterparty shall, on any day on which Counterparty effects any repurchase of Shares, promptly give Dealer a written notice of such repurchase (a “ Repurchase Notice ”) on such day if following such repurchase, the number of outstanding Shares as determined on such day is (i) less than 69.09 million (in the case of the first such notice) or (ii) thereafter more than 2.43 million less than the number of Shares included in the immediately preceding Repurchase Notice. Counterparty agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Dealer and its affiliates and their respective officers, directors, employees, affiliates, advisors, agents and controlling persons (each, an “ Indemnified Person ”) from and against any and all losses (including losses relating to Dealer’s hedging activities as a consequence of becoming, or of the risk of becoming, a Section 16 “insider”, including without limitation, any forbearance from hedging activities or cessation of hedging activities and any losses in connection therewith with respect to the Transaction), claims, damages, judgments, liabilities and reasonable expenses (including reasonable attorney’s fees), joint or several, which an Indemnified Person may become subject to, in each case, as a result of Counterparty’s failure to provide Dealer with a Repurchase Notice on the day and in the manner specified in this paragraph, and to reimburse, within 30 days, upon written request, each of such Indemnified Persons for any reasonable legal or other expenses incurred in connection with investigating, preparing for, providing testimony or other evidence in connection with or defending any of the foregoing. If any suit, action, proceeding (including any governmental or regulatory investigation), claim or demand shall be brought or asserted against the Indemnified Person as a result of Counterparty’s failure to provide Dealer with a Repurchase Notice in accordance with this paragraph, such Indemnified Person shall promptly notify Counterparty in writing, and Counterparty, upon request of the Indemnified Person, shall retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Person to represent the Indemnified Person and any others Counterparty may designate in such proceeding and shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel related to such proceeding. Counterparty shall not be liable for any settlement of any such proceeding contemplated by this paragraph that is effected without its written consent, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, Counterparty agrees to indemnify any Indemnified Person from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement or judgment. Counterparty shall not, without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Person, effect any settlement of such proceeding that is pending or threatened in respect of which any Indemnified Person is or could have been a party and indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such Indemnified Person, unless such settlement includes an unconditional release of such Indemnified Person from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such proceeding on terms reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnified Person. If the indemnification provided for in this paragraph is unavailable to an Indemnified Person or insufficient in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to therein, then Counterparty hereunder, in lieu of indemnifying such Indemnified Person thereunder, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Person as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities. The remedies provided for in this paragraph (b) are not exclusive and shall not limit any rights or remedies which may otherwise be available to any Indemnified Person at law or in equity. The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in this paragraph shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of the termination of the Transaction.	

1  	NTD: Opinion scope to be agreed orally between DPW and LW.	
 
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 	(c) 	Regulation M . Counterparty is not on the Trade Date engaged in a distribution, as such term is used in Regulation M under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”), of any securities of Counterparty, other than a distribution meeting the requirements of the exception set forth in Rules 101(b) and 102(b) of Regulation M. Counterparty shall not, until the second Scheduled Trading Day immediately following the Effective Date, engage in any such distribution.	
 
 	(d) 	Rule 10b-18. On the Trade Date neither Counterparty nor any “affiliate” or “affiliated purchaser” (each as defined in Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act (“ Rule 10b-18 ”)) shall directly or indirectly (including, without limitation, by means of any cash-settled or other derivative instrument) purchase, offer to purchase, place any bid or limit order that would effect a purchase of, or commence any tender offer relating to, any Shares (or an equivalent interest, including a unit of beneficial interest in a trust or limited partnership or a depository share) or any security convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Shares.	
 
 	(e) 	Resolutions . On or prior to the Trade Date, Counterparty shall deliver to Dealer a resolution of Counterparty’s board of directors authorizing the Transaction.	
 
 	(f) 	Solvency . On each of the Trade Date and the Premium Payment Date, Counterparty is not, or will not be, “insolvent” (as such term is defined under Section 101(32) of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (Title 11 of the United States Code) (the “ Bankruptcy Code ”)) and Counterparty would be able to purchase a number of Shares equal to the Number of Shares in compliance with the corporate laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation.	
 
 	(g) 	Private Placement . Counterparty acknowledges that the offer and sale of the Transaction to it is intended to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act, by virtue of Section 4(a)(2) thereof. Accordingly, Counterparty represents and warrants to Dealer that (i) it has the financial ability to bear the economic risk of its investment in the Transaction and is able to bear a total loss of its investment, (ii) it is an “accredited investor” as that term is defined in Regulation D as promulgated under the Securities Act, (iii) it is entering into the Transaction for its own account and without a view to the distribution or resale thereof and (iv) the assignment, transfer or other disposition of the Transaction has not been and will not be registered under the Securities Act and is restricted under this Confirmation, the Securities Act and state securities laws.	
 
 	(h) 	No Manipulation . Counterparty is not entering into the Transaction to create actual or apparent trading activity in the Shares (or any security convertible into or exchangeable for the Shares) or to raise or depress or otherwise manipulate the price of the Shares (or any security convertible into or exchangeable for the Shares) or otherwise in violation of the Exchange Act.	
 
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 	(i) 	Transfer or Assignment .	
 
 	(i)	Counterparty shall have the right to transfer or assign its rights and obligations hereunder with respect to all, but not less than all, of the Options hereunder (such Options, the “ Transfer Options ”); provided that such transfer or assignment shall be subject to reasonable conditions that Dealer may impose, including but not limited, to the following conditions:	
 
 	(A)	With respect to any Transfer Options, Counterparty shall not be released from its notice and indemnification obligations pursuant to Section 9(b) or any obligations under Section 9(r) or 9(w) of this Confirmation;	
 
 	(B)	[Reserved]	
 
 	(C)	Such transfer or assignment shall be effected on terms, including any reasonable undertakings by such third party (including, but not limited to, an undertaking with respect to compliance with applicable securities laws in a manner that, in the reasonable judgment of Dealer, will not expose Dealer to material risks under applicable securities laws) and execution of any documentation and delivery of legal opinions with respect to securities laws and other matters by such third party and Counterparty, as are reasonably requested and reasonably satisfactory to Dealer;	
 
 	(D)	Dealer will not, as a result of such transfer and assignment, be required to pay the transferee on any payment date an amount under Section 2(d)(i)(4) of the Agreement greater than an amount that Dealer would have been required to pay to Counterparty in the absence of such transfer and assignment;	
 
 	(E)	An Event of Default, Potential Event of Default or Termination Event will not occur as a result of such transfer and assignment;	
 
 	(F)	Without limiting the generality of clause (B), Counterparty shall cause the transferee to make such Payee Tax Representations and to provide such tax documentation as may be reasonably requested by Dealer to permit Dealer to determine that results described in clauses (D) and (E) will not occur upon or after such transfer and assignment; and	
 
 	(G)	Counterparty shall be responsible for all reasonable costs and expenses, including reasonable counsel fees, incurred by Dealer in connection with such transfer or assignment.	
 
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 	(ii)	Dealer may, without Counterparty’s consent, transfer or assign all or any part of its rights or obligations under the Transaction (A) to any affiliate of Dealer that is a dealer as defined under Section 475(c)(i) of the Code (1) that has a long-term issuer rating that is equal to or better than Dealer’s credit rating at the time of such transfer or assignment, or (2) whose obligations hereunder will be guaranteed, pursuant to the terms of a full and unconditional customary guarantee in a form used by Dealer generally for similar transactions, by Dealer or Dealer’s ultimate parent, or (B) to any other third party that is a dealer as defined under Section 475(c)(i) of the Code with a long-term issuer rating equal to or better than the lesser of (1) the credit rating of Dealer at the time of the transfer and (2) A- by Standard and Poor’s Rating Group, Inc. or its successor (“ S&P ”), or A3 by Moody’s Investor Service, Inc. (“ Moody’s ”) or, if either S&P or Moody’s ceases to rate such debt, at least an equivalent rating or better by a substitute rating agency mutually agreed by Counterparty and Dealer. If at any time at which (A) the Section 16 Percentage exceeds 8.5%, (B) the Option Equity Percentage exceeds 14.5%, or (C) the Share Amount exceeds the Applicable Share Limit (if any applies) (any such condition described in clauses (A), (B) or (C), an “ Excess Ownership Position ”), Dealer is unable after using its commercially reasonable efforts to effect a transfer or assignment of Options in accordance with the preceding sentence on pricing terms reasonably acceptable to Dealer and within a time period reasonably acceptable to Dealer such that no Excess Ownership Position exists, then Dealer may designate any Exchange Business Day as an Early Termination Date with respect to a portion of the Transaction (the “ Terminated Portion ”), such that following such partial termination no Excess Ownership Position exists. In the event that Dealer so designates an Early Termination Date with respect to a portion of the Transaction, a payment shall be made pursuant to Section 6 of the Agreement as if (1) an Early Termination Date had been designated in respect of a Transaction having terms identical to the Transaction and a Number of Options equal to the number of Options underlying the Terminated Portion, (2) Counterparty were the sole Affected Party with respect to such partial termination and (3) the Terminated Portion were the sole Affected Transaction (and, for the avoidance of doubt, the provisions of Section 9(p) shall apply to any amount that is payable by Dealer to Counterparty pursuant to this sentence as if Counterparty was not the Affected Party). The “ Section 16 Percentage ” as of any day is the fraction, expressed as a percentage, (A) the numerator of which is the number of Shares that Dealer and each person subject to aggregation of Shares with Dealer under Section 13 or Section 16 of the Exchange Act and rules promulgated thereunder directly or indirectly beneficially own (as defined under Section 13 or Section 16 of the Exchange Act and rules promulgated thereunder) and (B) the denominator of which is the number of Shares outstanding. The “ Option Equity Percentage ” as of any day is the fraction, expressed as a percentage, (A) the numerator of which is the sum of (1) the product of the Number of Options and the Option Entitlement and (2) the aggregate number of Shares underlying any other call option transaction sold by Dealer to Counterparty, and (B) the denominator of which is the number of Shares outstanding. The “ Share Amount ” as of any day is the number of Shares that Dealer and any person whose ownership position would be aggregated with that of Dealer (Dealer or any such person, a “ Dealer Person ”) under any law, rule, regulation, regulatory order or organizational documents or contracts of Counterparty that are, in each case, applicable to ownership of Shares (“ Applicable Restrictions ”), owns, beneficially owns, constructively owns, controls, holds the power to vote or otherwise meets a relevant definition of ownership under any Applicable Restriction, as determined by Dealer in its reasonable discretion. The “ Applicable Share Limit ” means a number of Shares equal to (A) the minimum number of Shares that gives rise to reporting or registration obligations (except for any filings on Form 13F, Schedule 13D or Schedule 13G under the Exchange Act, in each case as in effect on the Trade Date) or other requirements (including obtaining prior approval from any person or entity) of a Dealer Person, or could result in a material adverse effect on a Dealer Person, under any Applicable Restriction, as determined by Dealer in its reasonable discretion, minus (B) 1% of the number of Shares outstanding.	
 
 	(iii)	Notwithstanding any other provision in this Confirmation to the contrary requiring or allowing Dealer to purchase, sell, receive or deliver any Shares or other securities, or make or receive any payment in cash, to or from Counterparty, Dealer may designate any of its affiliates to purchase, sell, receive or deliver such Shares or other securities, or to make or receive such payment in cash, and otherwise to perform Dealer’s obligations in respect of the Transaction and any such designee may assume such obligations. Dealer shall be discharged of its obligations to Counterparty to the extent of any such performance.	
 
 	(j) 	Staggered Settlement . If upon advice of counsel with respect to applicable legal and regulatory requirements, including any requirements relating to Dealer’s hedging activities hereunder, Dealer reasonably determines that it would not be advisable to deliver, or to acquire Shares to deliver, any or all of the Shares to be delivered by Dealer on any Settlement Date for the Transaction, Dealer may, by notice to Counterparty on or prior to any Settlement Date (a “ Nominal Settlement Date ”), elect to deliver the Shares on two or more dates (each, a “ Staggered Settlement Date ”) as follows:	
 
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 	(i)	in such notice, Dealer will specify to Counterparty the related Staggered Settlement Dates (each of which will be on or prior to such Nominal Settlement Date) and the number of Shares that it will deliver on each Staggered Settlement Date;	
 
 	(ii)	the aggregate number of Shares that Dealer will deliver to Counterparty hereunder on all such Staggered Settlement Dates will equal the number of Shares that Dealer would otherwise be required to deliver on such Nominal Settlement Date; and	
 
 	(iii)	if the Net Share Settlement terms or the Combination Settlement terms set forth above were to apply on the Nominal Settlement Date, then the Net Share Settlement terms or the Combination Settlement terms, as the case may be, will apply on each Staggered Settlement Date, except that the Shares otherwise deliverable on such Nominal Settlement Date will be allocated among such Staggered Settlement Dates as specified by Dealer in the notice referred to in clause (i) above.	
 
 	(k) 	Ratings Decline . If at any time prior to the “Stockholder Approval Date” (as defined in the Indenture) the long term, unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness of Dealer is rated Ba1 or lower by Moody’s or BB+ or lower by S&P (any such rating, a “ Ratings Downgrade ”), then Counterparty may, at any time following the occurrence and during the continuation of such Ratings Downgrade, provide written notice to Dealer specifying that it elects for this Section 9(k) to apply (a “ Trigger Notice ”). Upon receipt by Dealer of a Trigger Notice from Counterparty, Dealer shall promptly elect that either (i) the parties shall negotiate in good faith terms for collateral arrangements pursuant to which Dealer is required to provide collateral (including, but not limited to, equity or equity-linked securities issued by Counterparty) to Counterparty in respect of the Transaction with a value equal to the full mark-to-market exposure of Counterparty under the Transaction, as determined by Dealer in a good faith commercially reasonable manner, or (ii) an Additional Termination Event shall occur and, with respect to such Additional Termination Event, (A) Counterparty shall be deemed to be the sole Affected Party, and (B) the Transaction shall be the sole Affected Transaction.	
 
 	(l) 	Role of Agent . Dealer has appointed, as its agent, its indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, RBC Capital Markets, LLC (“ RBCCM ”), for purposes of conducting, on Dealer’s behalf, a business in privately negotiated transactions in options and other derivatives. Counterparty hereby is advised that Dealer, the principal and stated counterparty in such transactions, duly has authorized RBCCM to market, structure, negotiate, document, price, execute and hedge transactions in over-the-counter derivative products. RBCCM does not act as agent of Counterparty. For the avoidance of doubt, any performance by Dealer of its obligations hereunder solely to RBCCM shall not relieve Dealer of such obligations. RBCCM’s performance to Counterparty of Dealer’s obligations hereunder shall relieve Dealer of such obligations to the extent of such performance. Any performance by Counterparty of its obligations (including notice obligations) through or by means of RBCCM’s agency for Dealer shall constitute good performance of Counterparty’s obligations hereunder to Dealer.	
 
 	(m) 	Additional Termination Events .	
 
 	(i)	If an event of default with respect to Counterparty occurs under the terms of the Convertible Notes as set forth in Section 6.01 of the Indenture and such event of default results in the Convertible Notes becoming or being declared due and payable pursuant to the terms of the Indenture, then such event of default shall constitute an Additional Termination Event applicable to the Transaction and, with respect to such Additional Termination Event, (A) Counterparty shall be deemed to be the sole Affected Party, (B) the Transaction shall be the sole Affected Transaction and (C) Dealer shall be the party entitled to designate an Exchange Business Day as an Early Termination Date pursuant to Section 6(b) of the Agreement (which Exchange Business Day shall be on or as promptly as reasonably practicable after the occurrence of such acceleration).	
 
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 	(ii)	Within five Scheduled Trading Days promptly following any Repayment Event (as defined below), Counterparty shall notify Dealer of such Repayment Event and the aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes subject to such Repayment Event (any such notice, a “ Repayment Notice ”); provided that, any “Repayment Notice” delivered to Dealer pursuant to the Base Call Option Confirmation shall deemed to be a Repayment Notice pursuant to this Confirmation and the terms of such Repayment Notice shall apply, mutatis mutandis , to this Confirmation. The receipt by Dealer from Counterparty of any Repayment Notice shall constitute an Additional Termination Event as provided in this paragraph. Upon receipt of any such Repayment Notice, Dealer shall designate an Exchange Business Day following receipt of such Repayment Notice as an Early Termination Date with respect to the portion of the Transaction corresponding to a number of Options (the “ Repayment Options ”) equal to the lesser of (A) (x) the aggregate principal amount of such Convertible Notes specified in such Repayment Notice, divided by USD 1,000, minus (y) the number of Repayment Options (as defined in the Base Call Option Confirmation), if any, that relate to such Convertible Notes (and for the purposes of determining whether any Options under this Confirmation or under the Base Call Option Confirmation will be among the Repayment Options hereunder or under, and as defined in, the Base Call Option Confirmation, the Convertible Notes specified in such Repayment Notice shall be allocated first to the Base Call Option Confirmation until all Options thereunder are exercised or terminated), and (B) the Number of Options as of the date Dealer designates such Early Termination Date and, as of such date, the Number of Options shall be reduced by the number of Repayment Options. Any payment hereunder with respect to such termination (the “ Repayment Unwind Payment ”) shall be calculated pursuant to Section 6 of the Agreement as if (1) an Early Termination Date had been designated in respect of a Transaction having terms identical to the Transaction and a Number of Options equal to the number of Repayment Options, (2) Counterparty were the sole Affected Party with respect to such Additional Termination Event and (3) the terminated portion of the Transaction were the sole Affected Transaction. “ Repayment Event ” means that (i) any Convertible Notes are repurchased (whether in connection with or as a result of a fundamental change, howsoever defined, or for any other reason) by Counterparty or any of its subsidiaries, (ii) any Convertible Notes are delivered to Counterparty or any of its subsidiaries in exchange for delivery of any property or assets of such party (howsoever described), (iii) any principal of any of the Convertible Notes is repaid prior to the final maturity date of the Convertible Notes (for any reason other than as a result of an acceleration of the Convertible Notes that results in an Additional Termination Event pursuant to the preceding Section (m)(i)), or (iv) any Convertible Notes are exchanged by or for the benefit of the holders thereof for any other securities of Counterparty or any of its subsidiaries (or any other property, or any combination thereof) pursuant to any exchange offer or similar transaction. For the avoidance of doubt, any conversion of Convertible Notes pursuant to the terms of the Indenture shall not constitute a Repayment Event.	
 
 	(n) 	Amendments to Equity Definitions .	
 
 	(i)	Section 12.6(a)(ii) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by (1) deleting from the fourth line thereof the word “or” after the word “official” and inserting a comma therefor, and (2) deleting the semi-colon at the end of subsection (B) thereof and inserting the following words therefor “or (C) the occurrence of any of the events specified in Section 5(a)(vii)(1) through (9) of the ISDA Master Agreement with respect to that Issuer.”	
 
 	(ii)	Section 12.9(b)(i) of the Equity Definitions is hereby amended by (1) replacing “either party may elect” with “Dealer may elect” and (2) replacing “notice to the other party” with “notice to Counterparty” in the first sentence of such section.	
 
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 	(o) 	Setoff . Each party waives any and all rights it may have to set off obligations arising under the Agreement and the Transaction against other obligations between the parties, whether arising under any other agreement, applicable law or otherwise.	
 
 	(p) 	Alternative Calculations and Payment on Early Termination and on Certain Extraordinary Events . If (a) an Early Termination Date (whether as a result of an Event of Default or a Termination Event) occurs or is designated with respect to the Transaction or (b) the Transaction is cancelled or terminated upon the occurrence of an Extraordinary Event (except as a result of (i) a Nationalization, Insolvency or Merger Event in which the consideration to be paid to holders of Shares consists solely of cash, (ii) a Merger Event that is within Counterparty’s control, or (iii) an Event of Default in which Counterparty is the Defaulting Party or a Termination Event in which Counterparty is the Affected Party other than an Event of Default of the type described in Section 5(a)(iii), (v), (vi), (vii) or (viii) of the Agreement or a Termination Event of the type described in Section 5(b) of the Agreement, in each case that resulted from an event or events outside Counterparty’s control), and if Dealer would owe any amount to Counterparty pursuant to Section 6(d)(ii) of the Agreement or any Cancellation Amount pursuant to Article 12 of the Equity Definitions (any such amount, a “ Payment Obligation ”), then Dealer shall satisfy the Payment Obligation by the Share Termination Alternative (as defined below), unless (a) Counterparty gives irrevocable telephonic notice to Dealer, confirmed in writing within one Scheduled Trading Day, no later than 12:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Merger Date, Announcement Date (in the case of a Nationalization, Insolvency or Delisting), Early Termination Date or date of cancellation, as applicable, of its election that the Share Termination Alternative shall not apply, (b) Counterparty remakes the representation set forth in Section 8(f) as of the date of such election and (c) Dealer agrees, such agreement not to be unreasonably withheld, to such election, in which case the provisions of Section 12.7 or Section 12.9 of the Equity Definitions, or the provisions of Section 6(d)(ii) of the Agreement, as the case may be, shall apply.	

	  	Share Termination Alternative:	  	If applicable, Dealer shall deliver to Counterparty the Share Termination Delivery Property on, or within a commercially reasonable period of time after, the date when the relevant Payment Obligation would otherwise be due pursuant to Sections 12.7 or 12.9 of the Equity Definitions or Section 6(d)(ii) and 6(e) of the Agreement, as applicable, in satisfaction of such Payment Obligation in the manner reasonably requested by Counterparty free of payment.	
			
	  	Share Termination Delivery Property:	  	A number of Share Termination Delivery Units, as calculated by the Calculation Agent, equal to the Payment Obligation divided by the Share Termination Unit Price. The Calculation Agent shall adjust the Share Termination Delivery Property by replacing any fractional portion of a security therein with an amount of cash equal to the value of such fractional security based on the values used to calculate the Share Termination Unit Price.	
			
	  	Share Termination Unit Price:	  	The value to Dealer of property contained in one Share Termination Delivery Unit, as determined by the Calculation Agent in its discretion by commercially reasonable means and notified by the Calculation Agent to Dealer at the time of notification of the Payment Obligation. For the avoidance of doubt, the parties agree that in determining the Share Termination Delivery Unit Price the Calculation Agent may consider the purchase price paid in connection with the purchase of Share Termination Delivery Property.	
 
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	  	Share Termination Delivery Unit:	  	One Share or, if the Shares have changed into cash or any other property or the right to receive cash or any other property as the result of a Nationalization, Insolvency or Merger Event (any such cash or other property, the “ Exchange Property ”), a unit consisting of the type and amount of such Exchange Property received by a holder of one Share (without consideration of any requirement to pay cash or other consideration in lieu of fractional amounts of any securities) in such Nationalization, Insolvency or Merger Event, as determined by the Calculation Agent.	
			
	  	Failure to Deliver:	  	Applicable	
			
	  	Other applicable provisions:	  	If Share Termination Alternative is applicable, the provisions of Sections 9.8, 9.9 and 9.11 (as modified above) of the Equity Definitions and the provisions set forth opposite the caption “Representation and Agreement” in Section 2 will be applicable, except that all references in such provisions to “Physically-settled” shall be read as references to “Share Termination Settled” and all references to “Shares” shall be read as references to “Share Termination Delivery Units”. “Share Termination Settled” in relation to the Transaction means that the Share Termination Alternative is applicable to the Transaction.	
 
 	(q) 	Waiver of Jury Trial . Each party waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any right it may have to a trial by jury in respect of any suit, action or proceeding relating to the Transaction. Each party (i) certifies that no representative, agent or attorney of either party has represented, expressly or otherwise, that such other party would not, in the event of such a suit, action or proceeding, seek to enforce the foregoing waiver and (ii) acknowledges that it and the other party have been induced to enter into the Transaction, as applicable, by, among other things, the mutual waivers and certifications provided herein.	
 
 	(r) 	Registration . Counterparty hereby agrees that if, in the good faith reasonable judgment of Dealer, the Shares (“ Hedge Shares ”) acquired by Dealer for the purpose of hedging its obligations pursuant to the Transaction cannot be sold in the public market by Dealer without registration under the Securities Act, Counterparty shall, at its election, either (i) in order to allow Dealer to sell the Hedge Shares in a registered offering, make available to Dealer an effective registration statement under the Securities Act and enter into an agreement, substantially similar to underwriting agreements customary for registered secondary offerings of a substantially similar size, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Dealer; provided , however , that if Dealer, in its sole reasonable discretion, is not satisfied with access to due diligence materials, the results of its due diligence investigation, or the procedures and documentation for the registered offering referred to above, then clause (ii) or clause (iii) of this paragraph shall apply at the election of Counterparty, (ii) in order to allow Dealer to sell the Hedge Shares in a private placement, enter into a private placement agreement substantially similar to private placement purchase agreements customary for private placements of equity securities of a substantially similar size, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Dealer (in which case, the Calculation Agent shall make any adjustments to the terms of the Transaction that are necessary, in its reasonable judgment, to compensate Dealer for any discount from the public market price of the Shares incurred on the sale of Hedge Shares in a private placement), or (iii) purchase the Hedge Shares from Dealer at the Relevant Price on such Exchange Business Days, and in the amounts, requested by Dealer.	
 
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 	(s) 	Tax Disclosure . Effective from the date of commencement of discussions concerning the Transaction, Counterparty and each of its employees, representatives, or other agents may disclose to any and all persons, without limitation of any kind, the tax treatment and tax structure of the Transaction and all materials of any kind (including opinions or other tax analyses) that are provided to Counterparty relating to such tax treatment and tax structure.	
 
 	(t) 	Right to Extend . Dealer may postpone or add, in whole or in part, any Valid Day or Valid Days during the Settlement Averaging Period or any other date of valuation, payment or delivery by Dealer, with respect to some or all of the Options hereunder, if Dealer reasonably determines, based on the advice of counsel, that such action is reasonably necessary or appropriate to preserve Dealer’s hedging or hedge unwind activity hereunder in light of existing liquidity conditions that are materially different from those in existence as of the Trade Date or to enable Dealer to effect purchases of Shares in connection with its hedging, hedge unwind or settlement activity hereunder in a manner that would, if Dealer were Counterparty or an affiliated purchaser of Counterparty, be in compliance with applicable legal, regulatory or self-regulatory requirements, or with related policies and procedures applicable to Dealer; provided that no such Valid Day or other date of valuation, payment or delivery may be postponed or added more than 50 Valid Days after the original Valid Day or other date of valuation, payment or delivery, as the case may be.	
 
 	(u) 	Status of Claims in Bankruptcy . Dealer acknowledges and agrees that this Confirmation is not intended to convey to Dealer rights against Counterparty with respect to the Transaction that are senior to the claims of common stockholders of Counterparty in any United States bankruptcy proceedings of Counterparty; provided that nothing herein shall limit or shall be deemed to limit Dealer’s right to pursue remedies in the event of a breach by Counterparty of its obligations and agreements with respect to the Transaction; provided , further , that nothing herein shall limit or shall be deemed to limit Dealer’s rights in respect of any transactions other than the Transaction.	
 
 	(v) 	Securities Contract; Swap Agreement . The parties hereto intend for (i) the Transaction to be a “securities contract” and a “swap agreement” as defined in the Bankruptcy Code, and the parties hereto to be entitled to the protections afforded by, among other Sections, Sections 362(b)(6), 362(b)(17), 546(e), 546(g), 555 and 560 of the Bankruptcy Code, (ii) a party’s right to liquidate the Transaction and to exercise any other remedies upon the occurrence of any Event of Default under the Agreement with respect to the other party to constitute a “contractual right” as described in the Bankruptcy Code, and (iii) each payment and delivery of cash, securities or other property hereunder to constitute a “margin payment” or “settlement payment” and a “transfer” as defined in the Bankruptcy Code.	
 
 	(w) 	Notice of Certain Other Events . Counterparty covenants and agrees that:	
 
 	(i)	promptly following the public announcement of the results of any election by the holders of Shares with respect to the consideration due upon consummation of any Merger Event, Counterparty shall give Dealer written notice of (x) the weighted average of the types and amounts of consideration that holders of Shares have elected to receive upon consummation of such Merger Event or (y) if no holders of Shares affirmatively make such election, the types and amounts of consideration actually received by holders of Shares (the date of such notification, the “ Consideration Notification Date ”); provided that in no event shall the Consideration Notification Date be later than the date on which such Merger Event is consummated; and	
 
 	(ii)	promptly following any adjustment to the Convertible Notes in connection with any Potential Adjustment Event or Merger Event, Counterparty shall give Dealer written notice of the details of such adjustment.	
 
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 	(x) 	Wall Street Transparency and Accountability Act . In connection with Section 739 of the Wall Street Transparency and Accountability Act of 2010 (“ WSTAA ”), the parties hereby agree that neither the enactment of WSTAA or any regulation under the WSTAA, nor any requirement under WSTAA or an amendment made by WSTAA, shall limit or otherwise impair either party’s otherwise applicable rights to terminate, renegotiate, modify, amend or supplement this Confirmation or the Agreement, as applicable, arising from a termination event, force majeure, illegality, increased costs, regulatory change or similar event under this Confirmation, the Equity Definitions incorporated herein, or the Agreement (including, but not limited to, rights arising from Change in Law, Hedging Disruption, Increased Cost of Hedging, an Excess Ownership Position, or Illegality (as defined in the Agreement)).	
 
 	(y) 	Agreements and Acknowledgements Regarding Hedging . Counterparty understands, acknowledges and agrees that: (A) at any time on and prior to the Expiration Date, Dealer and its affiliates may buy or sell Shares or other securities or buy or sell options or futures contracts or enter into swaps or other derivative securities in order to adjust its hedge position with respect to the Transaction; (B) Dealer and its affiliates also may be active in the market for Shares other than in connection with hedging activities in relation to the Transaction; (C) Dealer shall make its own determination as to whether, when or in what manner any hedging or market activities in securities of Issuer shall be conducted and shall do so in a manner that it deems appropriate to hedge its price and market risk with respect to the Relevant Prices; and (D) any market activities of Dealer and its affiliates with respect to Shares may affect the market price and volatility of Shares, as well as the Relevant Prices, each in a manner that may be adverse to Counterparty.	
 
 	(z) 	Early Unwind . In the event the sale of the “Option Securities” (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) is not consummated with the Initial Purchasers for any reason, or Counterparty fails to deliver to Dealer opinions of counsel as required pursuant to Section 9(a), in each case by 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Premium Payment Date, or such later date as agreed upon by the parties (the Premium Payment Date or such later date, the “ Early Unwind Date ”),the Transaction shall automatically terminate (the “ Early Unwind ”)on the Early Unwind Date and (i) the Transaction and all of the respective rights and obligations of Dealer and Counterparty under the Transaction shall be cancelled and terminated and (ii) each party shall be released and discharged by the other party from and agrees not to make any claim against the other party with respect to any obligations or liabilities of the other party arising out of and to be performed in connection with the Transaction either prior to or after the Early Unwind Date. Each of Dealer and Counterparty represents and acknowledges to the other that, upon an Early Unwind, all obligations with respect to the Transaction shall be deemed fully and finally discharged.	
 
 	(aa) 	Payment by Counterparty . In the event that, following payment of the Premium, (i) an Early Termination Date occurs or is designated with respect to the Transaction as a result of a Termination Event or an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default arising under Section 5(a)(ii) or 5(a)(iv) of the Agreement) and, as a result, Counterparty owes to Dealer an amount calculated under Section 6(e) of the Agreement, or (ii) Counterparty owes to Dealer, pursuant to Section 12.7 or Section 12.9 of the Equity Definitions, an amount calculated under Section 12.8 of the Equity Definitions, such amount shall be deemed to be zero.	
 
 	(bb) 	Redomicile Transaction . Counterparty shall not enter into or consummate any Redomicile Transaction unless:	
 
 	(i)	Counterparty will be a corporation incorporated under the laws of the United States or any state thereof and a wholly-owned direct or indirect subsidiary of a successor Issuer immediately following such Redomicile Transaction, such successor Issuer fully and unconditionally guarantees the obligations of Counterparty under this Confirmation (the “ Guaranteed Obligations ”) and repeats to Dealer immediately following such Redomicile Transaction the representations and warranties set forth in Sections 8(a), 8(b), 8(c) and 8(d) of this Confirmation (as if references therein to (w) “Transaction” were replaced with “guarantee of the Guaranteed Obligations”, (x) “Counterparty” were replaced with “Issuer”, (y) “Confirmation” were replaced with “guarantee of the Guaranteed Obligations”) and (z) “any agreement or instrument filed as an exhibit to Counterparty’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, as updated by any subsequent filings” in Section 8(b) were replaced with “any agreement or instrument to which Issuer or its subsidiaries is a party or to which Issuer or any of its subsidiaries is subject”; or	
 
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 	(ii)	the successor Issuer immediately following such Redomicile Transaction assumes Counterparty’s rights and obligations hereunder, becoming the “Counterparty” for all purposes hereunder, and such successor Counterparty immediately following such Redomicile Transaction repeats to Dealer immediately following such Redomicile Transaction the representations and warranties set forth in Sections 8(a), 8(b) and 8(c) of this Confirmation (as if references therein to (w) “execute, deliver” were replaced with “assume”, (x) “execution, delivery” and “execution and delivery” were replaced with “assumption”, (y) “executed and delivered” were replaced with “assumed” and (z) “any agreement or instrument filed as an exhibit to Counterparty’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, as updated by any subsequent filings” in Section 8(b) were replaced with “any agreement or instrument to which Counterparty or its subsidiaries is a party or to which Counterparty or any of its subsidiaries is subject”).	
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Confirmation, following consummation of any Redomicile Transaction pursuant to which Issuer following such Redomicile Transaction is organized under the laws of a jurisdiction other than the Islands of Bermuda, the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg, the Republic of Ireland, Canada or the United Kingdom, then such Redomicile Transaction shall constitute an Additional Termination Event applicable to the Transaction and, with respect to such Additional Termination Event, (A) Counterparty shall be deemed to be the sole Affected Party, (B) the Transaction shall be the sole Affected Transaction and (C) Dealer shall be the party entitled to designate an Early Termination Date pursuant to Section 6(b) of the Agreement.
If, at any time following the occurrence of any Redomicile Transaction, Dealer reasonably determines in its good faith judgment, following consultation with Counterparty for a period of at least five Scheduled Trading Days (such consultation period, the “ Redomicile Event Consultation Period ”), that (i) (x) such Redomicile Transaction has had a material adverse effect on Dealer’s rights and obligations under the Transaction or (y) Dealer would incur an increased (as compared with circumstances existing on the Trade Date) amount of tax, duty, expense or fee to (1) acquire, establish, re-establish, substitute, maintain, unwind or dispose of any transaction(s) or asset(s) it deems necessary to hedge the economic risk of entering into and performing its obligations with respect to the Transaction, or (2) realize, recover or remit the proceeds of any such transaction(s) or asset(s) and (ii) Dealer cannot promptly avoid the occurrence of each such material adverse effect or increased tax, duty, expense or fee by (x) transferring or assigning Dealer’s rights and obligations under this Confirmation and the Agreement without Counterparty’s consent pursuant to Section 9(i) to an affiliate of Dealer that would not suffer any such material adverse effect or increased tax, duty, expense or fee (it being understood that Dealer need not take any action that does not meet the Avoidance Criteria), (y) using commercially reasonable efforts to avoid such material adverse effect or increased tax, duty, expense or fee (it being understood that Dealer need not take any action that does not meet the Avoidance Criteria) or (z) amending the terms of this Confirmation (whether because amendments would not avoid such occurrence or because Counterparty fails to agree promptly to such amendments) (it being understood, for the avoidance of doubt, that an event described in clause (i)(x) or clause (i)(y) above for which Dealer can avoid the occurrence of the relevant material adverse effect or increased tax, duty, expense or fee after giving effect to the related Price Adjustment referred to below shall be a Redomicile Event notwithstanding this clause (ii)(z)) (each of the events described in clause (i)(x) and clause (i)(y) above that also satisfies the conditions set forth in clause (ii) above, a “ Redomicile Event ”), then, in either case, Dealer shall give prompt notice to Counterparty of such Redomicile Event.
 
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“ Avoidance Criteria ” means with respect to an action by a party, as determined by the Calculation Agent in good faith, that (i) such action is legal (and, in the case of a Change in Law, in the reasonable judgment of Dealer is within the intent of the law or regulation that is the subject of the Change in Law) and complies with all applicable regulations, rules (including by self-regulatory organizations) and policies (whether written or oral) including policies of such party, (ii) such action would not cause or, in the judgment of Dealer, would not create a material risk of causing, an Additional Disruption Event (ignoring, for this purpose, any requirement to avoid such Additional Disruption Event as set forth herein), (iii) if such party or an affiliate is to establish one or more alternative Hedge Positions, there is sufficient liquidity in those alternative Hedge Positions available for that Hedging Party to hedge the Transaction and all other transactions into which that party has entered and for which that party determines that it needs to utilize those alternative Hedge Positions, (iv) such action is known by that party or known by other financial institutions that are leading derivatives dealers that are generally willing to enter into transactions similar to the Transaction; (v) by taking such action, such party would not incur, or there would not be a material risk that such party would incur, any one or more of an increased operational or administrative burden or expense, increased performance cost, increased hedging cost or increased capital charges (in each case as compared to circumstances on the Trade Date), (vi) such action would not require such party to (A) enter into arrangements with a counterparty, custodian, depositary and/or other third party that has no existing business relationship with that party in relation to positions, contracts, instruments, transactions, or other arrangements similar in type to such action or (B) exceed, individually or together with any other positions, contracts, transactions, instruments or other arrangements into which such party has entered (individually or on a portfolio basis), investment quotas, position limits, investment level restrictions, internal client limits, credit limits or risk-based requirements of such party, in each case, existing as of the Trade Date and regardless of whether imposed by law, governmental authority or regulation, and (vii) by taking such action, it would not be necessary for that party to make any filing or submission to any government or regulatory authority (including a taxing authority) and (viii) as applied to an avoidance of an Excess Ownership Position, such action does not cause, or would not create a material risk of causing, an interference or disruption to such party’s normal business practice or client service including, without limitation, market-making, trust or custody service.
Concurrently with delivering such notice, Dealer shall give notice to Counterparty of a commercially reasonable Price Adjustment that Dealer determines, in its good faith, commercially reasonable judgment, appropriate to account for the economic effect on the Transaction of such Redomicile Event and provide Counterparty with supporting documentation for such Price Adjustment (unless Dealer determines in its good faith, commercially reasonable judgment that no Price Adjustment will produce a commercially reasonable result, in which case Dealer shall so notify Counterparty). Unless Dealer determines in its good faith, commercially reasonable judgment that no Price Adjustment will produce a commercially reasonable result, within two Scheduled Trading Days of receipt of such notice, Counterparty shall notify Dealer that it agrees that Dealer’s determination of Price Adjustment is commercially reasonable (and Counterparty shall be deemed to have repeated the representation set forth in Section 8(f) of this Confirmation as of the date of such election). If Counterparty fails to give such notice to Dealer of its election by the end of that second Scheduled Trading Day, or if Dealer determines in its good faith, commercially reasonable judgment that no Price Adjustment will produce a commercially reasonable result, then such failure or such determination, as the case may be, shall constitute an Additional Termination Event applicable to the Transaction and, with respect to such Additional Termination Event, (1) Counterparty shall be deemed to be the sole Affected Party, (2) the Transaction shall be the sole Affected Transaction and (3) Dealer shall be the party entitled to designate an Early Termination Date pursuant to Section 6(b) of the Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, the parties hereto agree and acknowledge that the occurrence of a Redomicile Event shall not preclude the occurrence of one or more additional, subsequent Redomicile Events, it being understood and agreed that any Price Adjustment described in clause (A) above and/or any payment described in clause (B) above shall be calculated without duplication in respect of any prior such Price Adjustment and/or payment. For purposes of the foregoing, Dealer will be deemed to have not determined that no Price Adjustment will produce a commercially reasonable result unless Dealer has consulted with Counterparty regarding such Price Adjustment determination for a period of at least five Scheduled Trading Days (it being understood that such consultation period may run concurrently with the Redomicile Event Consultation Period for the related Redomicile Event if Counterparty receives notice of such Price Adjustment determination prior to the start of such Redomicile Event Consultation Period).
 
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 	(cc) 	U.S. Federal Withholding Tax . If Counterparty transfers or assigns its rights and obligations hereunder with respect to the Options to a person that is not a United States person (as defined in the Code), the term “Indemnifiable Tax” as defined in Section 14 of the Agreement shall not include any U.S. federal withholding tax including, but not limited to (i) any tax imposed or collected pursuant to Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code, any current or future regulations or official interpretations thereof, any agreement entered into pursuant to Section 1471(b) of the Code, or any fiscal or regulatory legislation, rules or practices adopted pursuant to any intergovernmental agreement entered into in connection with the implementation of such Sections of the Code (a “ FATCA Withholding Tax ”), (ii) any tax imposed on amounts treated as dividends from sources within the United States under Section 871(m) of the Code (or the United States Treasury Regulations or other guidance issued thereunder), or (iii) any tax imposed on amounts treated as distributions of property under Section 305 of the Code. For the avoidance of doubt, a FATCA Withholding Tax is a Tax the deduction or withholding of which is required by applicable law for the purposes of Section 2(d) of the Agreement.	
 
 	(dd) 	Part 2(b) of the ISDA Schedule – Payee Representation .	
 
 	(i)	For the purpose of Section 3(f) of this Agreement, Counterparty makes the following representation to Dealer:	
Counterparty is a corporation established under the laws of the State of Delaware and is a “United States person” (as that term is defined in Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code).
 
 	(ii)	For the purpose of Section 3(f) of this Agreement, Dealer makes the following representation to Counterparty:	
Each payment received or to be received by it in connection with this Agreement is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business by Dealer within the United States; and
It is a “foreign person” (as that term is used in Section 1.6041-4(a)(4) of the United States Treasury Regulations) for United States federal income tax purposes.
 
 	(ee) 	Part 3(a) of the ISDA Schedule – Tax Forms :	

 	 	Party Required to
Deliver Document	  	Form/Document/Certificate	  	Date by which to be Delivered	
	 	Counterparty	  	A complete and duly executed United States Internal Revenue Service Form W-9 (or successor thereto.)	  	(i) Upon execution and delivery of this Agreement; (ii) promptly upon reasonable demand by Dealer; and (iii) promptly upon learning that any such Form previously provided by Counterparty has become obsolete or incorrect.	
				
	 	Dealer	  	A complete and duly executed United States Internal Revenue Service Form W-8ECI (or successor thereto)	  	(i) Upon execution and delivery of this Agreement; (ii) promptly upon reasonable demand by Counterparty; and (iii) promptly upon learning that any such Form previously provided by Dealer has become obsolete or incorrect.	
 
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Please confirm that the foregoing correctly sets forth the terms of our agreement by executing this Confirmation and returning it to Dealer.

							
Very truly yours,	
			
	 		 	ROYAL BANK OF CANADA
by its agent
RBC Capital Markets, LLC	
				
	 		 	By:	 	s/ Dawn T. Laabs	
	 		 	Authorized Signatory	
	 		 	Name:	

Accepted and confirmed
as of the Trade Date:	
	
IMPAX LABORATORIES, INC.	
		
By:	 	s/ Bryan Reasons	
Authorized Signatory	
Name:	
[Additional Bond Hedge Signature Page]

Exhibit 21.1
SUBSIDIARIES OF THE REGISTRANT

Subsidiary	  	Jurisdiction of Incorporation	 	
K2 Merger Sub Corporation	  	 	Delaware	 	

Exhibit 23.2
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors
Impax Laboratories, Inc.:
We consent to the use of our report dated March 1, 2018, with respect to the consolidated balance sheets of Impax Laboratories, Inc. and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive (loss) income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes, and the related financial statement schedule (collectively, the “consolidated financial statements”), included herein, and to the reference to our Firm under the section entitled “Experts” in the prospectus.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
April 13, 2018

Exhibit 23.3
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “ Experts ” and to the use of our report dated March 7, 2018, in the Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement (Form S-1 333-223501) and related Prospectus of Atlas Holdings, Inc. for the registration of 226,738,335 shares of its Class A common stock.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Iselin, New Jersey
April 13, 2018