UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q

	
		
☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2018
OR

		
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the transition period from ___________to ______________
Commission file number: 001-37534
 
PLANET FITNESS, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

	
			
Delaware	 	38-3942097	
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)	 	(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)	
4 Liberty Lane West, Hampton, NH 03842
(Address of Principal Executive Offices and Zip Code)
(603) 750-0001
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒     No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒     No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

							
Large accelerated filer	 	ý	  	Accelerated filer	 	☐	
 	 	 	 	
Non-accelerated filer	 	☐  (Do not check if a small reporting company)	  	Smaller reporting company	 	☐	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Emerging growth company	 	☐	 	 	 	 	
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ☐    No   ý
As of August 1, 2018 there were 88,168,785 shares of the Registrant’s Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, outstanding and 10,235,804 shares of the Registrant’s Class B Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, outstanding.

1

PLANET FITNESS, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

	
					
 	 	 	 	Page	
 	 	Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	 	3	
 	 	PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION	 	4	
ITEM 1.	 	Financial Statements	 	4	
ITEM 2.	 	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	 	29	
ITEM 3.	 	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	 	46	
ITEM 4.	 	Controls and Procedures	 	47	
 	 	PART II – OTHER INFORMATION	 	48	
ITEM 1.	 	Legal Proceedings	 	48	
ITEM 1A.	 	Risk Factors	 	48	
ITEM 2.	 	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	 	49	
ITEM 3.	 	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	 	50	
ITEM 4.	 	Mine Safety Disclosures	 	50	
ITEM 5.	 	Other Information	 	50	
ITEM 6.	 	Exhibits	 	50	
 	 	Signatures	 	51	

2

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as information included in oral statements or other written statements made or to be made by us, contain statements that constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Instead, they are based on our current beliefs, expectations and assumptions regarding the future of our business, future plans and strategies, and other future conditions. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “envision,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “target,” “potential,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “continue,” “ongoing,” “contemplate” and other similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Examples of forward-looking statements include, among others, statements we make regarding:
		
•	future financial position;	
		
•	business strategy;	
		
•	budgets, projected costs and plans;	
		
•	future industry growth;	
		
•	financing sources;	
		
•	Potential return of capital initiatives;	
		
•	the impact of litigation, government inquiries and investigations; and	
		
•	all other statements regarding our intent, plans, beliefs or expectations or those of our directors or officers.	
We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements we make. Important factors that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:
		
•	our dependence on the operational and financial results of, and our relationships with, our franchisees and the success of their new and existing stores;	
		
•	risks relating to damage to our brand and reputation;	
		
•	our ability to successfully implement our growth strategy;	
		
•	technical, operational and regulatory risks related to our third-party providers’ systems and our own information systems;	
		
•	our and our franchisees’ ability to attract and retain members;	
		
•	the high level of competition in the health club industry generally;	
		
•	our reliance on a limited number of vendors, suppliers and other third-party service providers;	
		
•	our substantial increased indebtedness as a result of our refinancing and securitization transactions and our ability to incur additional indebtedness or refinance that indebtedness in the future;	
		
•	our future financial performance and our ability to pay principal and interest on our indebtedness;	
		
•	risks relating to our corporate structure and tax receivable agreements; and	
		
•	the other factors identified under the heading “Risk Factors” in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2018, and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.	
The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q represent our views as of the date of this Report. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.

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Table of Contents

PART I-FINANCIAL INFORMATION
1. Financial Statements
Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Condensed consolidated balance sheets
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)  

									
 	 	June 30,	 	December 31,	
 	 	2018	 	2017	
Assets	 	 	 	 	
Current assets:	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	 	$	147,784		 	$	113,080		
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for bad debts of $20 and $32 at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively	 	14,932		 	37,272		
Due from related parties	 	—		 	3,020		
Inventory	 	3,193		 	2,692		
Restricted assets – national advertising fund	 	73		 	499		
Deferred expenses – national advertising fund	 	1,648		 	—		
Prepaid expenses	 	3,796		 	3,929		
Other receivables	 	23,343		 	9,562		
Other current assets	 	5,916		 	6,947		
Total current assets	 	200,685		 	177,001		
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $44,676, as of June 30, 2018 and $36,228 as of December 31, 2017	 	87,570		 	83,327		
Intangible assets, net	 	237,092		 	235,657		
Goodwill	 	191,038		 	176,981		
Deferred income taxes	 	406,699		 	407,782		
Other assets, net	 	1,637		 	11,717		
Total assets	 	$	1,124,721		 	$	1,092,465		
Liabilities and stockholders' deficit	 	 	 	 	
Current liabilities:	 	 	 	 	
Current maturities of long-term debt	 	$	7,185		 	$	7,185		
Accounts payable	 	16,268		 	28,648		
Accrued expenses	 	14,715		 	18,590		
Equipment deposits	 	9,001		 	6,498		
Restricted liabilities – national advertising fund	 	73		 	490		
Deferred revenue, current	 	23,186		 	19,083		
Payable to related parties pursuant to tax benefit arrangements, current	 	25,578		 	31,062		
Other current liabilities	 	436		 	474		
Total current liabilities	 	96,442		 	112,030		
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	 	693,957		 	696,576		
Deferred rent, net of current portion	 	7,700		 	6,127		
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	 	23,255		 	8,440		
Deferred tax liabilities	 	1,389		 	1,629		
Payable to related parties pursuant to tax benefit arrangements, net of current portion	 	391,876		 	400,298		
Other liabilities	 	1,350		 	4,302		
Total noncurrent liabilities	 	1,119,527		 	1,117,372		
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)	 		 		
Stockholders' equity (deficit):	 	 	 	 	
Class A common stock, $.0001 par value - 300,000 authorized, 87,932 and 87,188 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively	 	9		 	9		
Class B common stock, $.0001 par value - 100,000 authorized, 10,471 and 11,193 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017, respectively	 	1		 	1		
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	 	(385	)	 	(648	)	
Additional paid in capital	 	14,744		 	12,118		
Accumulated deficit	 	(94,348	)	 	(130,966	)	
Total stockholders' deficit attributable to Planet Fitness Inc.	 	(79,979	)	 	(119,486	)	
Non-controlling interests	 	(11,269	)	 	(17,451	)	
Total stockholders' deficit	 	(91,248	)	 	(136,937	)	
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit	 	$	1,124,721		 	$	1,092,465		
  See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

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Table of Contents

Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Condensed consolidated statements of operations
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)

	
																	
 	 	For the three months ended
June 30,	 	For the six months ended
June 30,	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Revenue:	 	 		 	 		 	 	 	 	
Franchise	 	$	45,417		 	$	32,791		 	$	87,579		 	$	63,072		
Commission income	 	1,575		 	5,003		 	3,563		 	11,519		
National advertising fund revenue	 	11,158		 	—		 	21,620		 	—		
Corporate-owned stores	 	34,252		 	28,285		 	66,959		 	55,326		
Equipment	 	48,148		 	41,237		 	82,161		 	68,501		
Total revenue	 	140,550		 	107,316		 	261,882		 	198,418		
Operating costs and expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cost of revenue	 	36,744		 	31,452		 	63,244		 	52,576		
Store operations	 	18,047		 	14,604		 	36,403		 	29,788		
Selling, general and administrative	 	17,210		 	14,768		 	34,831		 	28,588		
National advertising fund expense	 	11,158		 	—		 	21,620		 	—		
Depreciation and amortization	 	8,619		 	7,894		 	17,084		 	15,845		
Other loss (gain)	 	(39	)	 	348		 	971		 	316		
Total operating costs and expenses	 	91,739		 	69,066		 	174,153		 	127,113		
Income from operations	 	48,811		 	38,250		 	87,729		 	71,305		
Other expense, net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest expense, net	 	(8,628	)	 	(9,028	)	 	(17,361	)	 	(17,791	)	
Other expense	 	(502	)	 	(933	)	 	(310	)	 	(251	)	
Total other expense, net	 	(9,130	)	 	(9,961	)	 	(17,671	)	 	(18,042	)	
Income before income taxes	 	39,681		 	28,289		 	70,058		 	53,263		
Provision for income taxes	 	9,263		 	10,285		 	16,146		 	17,393		
Net income	 	30,418		 	18,004		 	53,912		 	35,870		
Less net income attributable to non-controlling interests	 	4,544		 	5,592		 	8,157		 	14,616		
Net income attributable to Planet Fitness, Inc.	 	$	25,874		 	$	12,412		 	45,755		 	$	21,254		
Net income per share of Class A common stock:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic	 	$	0.30		 	$	0.16		 	$	0.52		 	$	0.30		
Diluted	 	$	0.29		 	$	0.16		 	$	0.52		 	$	0.30		
Weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic	 	87,693		 	79,154		 	87,565		 	71,679		
Diluted	 	88,105		 	79,193		 	87,931		 	71,713		
 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss)
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands)

	
																	
 	 	For the three months ended
June 30,	 	For the six months ended
June 30,	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Net income including non-controlling interests	 	$	30,418		 	$	18,004		 	$	53,912		 	$	35,870		
Other comprehensive income (loss), net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized gain on interest rate caps, net of tax	 	17		 	179		 	383		 	356		
Foreign currency translation adjustments	 	(34	)	 	13		 	(63	)	 	5		
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net	 	(17	)	 	192		 	320		 	361		
Total comprehensive income including non-controlling
   interests	 	30,401		 	18,196		 	54,232		 	36,231		
Less: total comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests	 	4,543		 	5,639		 	8,214		 	14,753		
Total comprehensive income attributable to Planet Fitness, Inc.	 	$	25,858		 	$	12,557		 	$	46,018		 	$	21,478		
 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Condensed consolidated statements of cash flows
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands)

									
 	 	For the six months ended June 30,	
 	 	2018	 	2017	
Cash flows from operating activities:	 	 		 	 		
Net income	 	$	53,912		 	$	35,870		
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:	 	 	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization	 	17,084		 	15,845		
Amortization of deferred financing costs	 	973		 	942		
Amortization of favorable leases and asset retirement obligations	 	186		 	184		
Amortization of interest rate caps	 	446		 	954		
Deferred tax expense	 	13,300		 	14,589		
Loss on extinguishment of debt	 	—		 	79		
Third party debt refinancing expense	 	—		 	1,021		
Gain on re-measurement of tax benefit arrangement	 	(354	)	 	(541	)	
Provision for bad debts	 	(8	)	 	28		
Loss on reacquired franchise rights	 	350		 	—		
Loss (gain) on disposal of property and equipment	 	547		 	(323	)	
Equity-based compensation	 	2,687		 	1,012		
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding effects of acquisitions:	 	 	 	 	
Accounts receivable	 	22,281		 	11,542		
Due to and due from related parties	 	3,375		 	(289	)	
Inventory	 	(501	)	 	355		
Other assets and other current assets	 	(3,109	)	 	(3,239	)	
National advertising fund	 	(1,634	)	 	—		
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	 	(16,884	)	 	(14,144	)	
Other liabilities and other current liabilities	 	(2,908	)	 	(33	)	
Income taxes	 	131		 	(406	)	
Payable to related parties pursuant to tax benefit arrangements	 	(21,706	)	 	(7,909	)	
Equipment deposits	 	2,503		 	5,390		
Deferred revenue	 	6,229		 	1,826		
Deferred rent	 	1,594		 	245		
Net cash provided by operating activities	 	78,494		 	62,998		
Cash flows from investing activities:	 	 	 	 	
Additions to property and equipment	 	(8,136	)	 	(14,127	)	
Acquisition of franchises	 	(28,503	)	 	—		
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	 	134		 	—		
Net cash used in investing activities	 	(36,505	)	 	(14,127	)	
Cash flows from financing activities:	 	 	 	 	
Principal payments on capital lease obligations	 	(23	)	 	—		
Repayment of long-term debt	 	(3,592	)	 	(3,592	)	
Payment of deferred financing and other debt-related costs	 	—		 	(1,278	)	
Premiums paid for interest rate caps	 	—		 	(366	)	
Exercise of stock options	 	400		 	26		
Dividend equivalent payments	 	(138	)	 	(139	)	
Distributions to Continuing LLC Members	 	(3,503	)	 	(5,592	)	
Net cash used in financing activities	 	(6,856	)	 	(10,941	)	
Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	 	(429	)	 	198		
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	 	34,704		 	38,128		
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	 	113,080		 	40,393		
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	 	$	147,784		 	$	78,521		
Supplemental cash flow information:	 	 	 	 	
Net cash paid for income taxes	 	$	2,929		 	$	2,914		
Cash paid for interest	 	$	16,795		 	$	15,890		
Non-cash investing activities:	 	 	 	 	
Non-cash additions to property and equipment	 	$	2,072		 	$	988		
 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Condensed consolidated statements of changes in equity (deficit)
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands)  

	
																																			
 	 	Class A
common stock	 	Class B
common stock	 	Accumulated
other
comprehensive
(loss) income	 	Additional paid-
in capital	 	Accumulated
deficit	 	Non-controlling
interests	 	Total (deficit)
equity	
 	 	Shares	 	Amount	 	Shares	 	Amount	 		 		 		 		 		
Balance at December 31, 2017	 	87,188		 	$	9		 	11,193		 	$	1		 	$	(648	)	 	$	12,118		 	$	(130,966	)	 	$	(17,451	)	 	$	(136,937	)	
Net income	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	45,755		 	8,157		 	53,912		
Equity-based compensation expense	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	2,690		 	(3	)	 	—		 	2,687		
Exchanges of Class B common stock	 	713		 	—		 	(713	)	 	—		 	—		 	(1,471	)	 	—		 	1,471		 	—		
Retirement of Class B common stock	 	—		 	—		 	(9	)	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted share units	 	31		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	400		 	—		 	—		 	400		
Tax benefit arrangement liability and deferred taxes arising from exchanges of Class B common stock	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	1,007		 	—		 	—		 	1,007		
Forfeiture of dividend equivalents	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	58		 	—		 	58		
Distributions paid to members of Pla-Fit Holdings	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(3,503	)	 	(3,503	)	
Cumulative effect adjustment (Note 15)	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(9,192	)	 	—		 	(9,192	)	
Other comprehensive income	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	263		 	—		 	—		 	57		 	320		
Balance at June 30, 2018	 	87,932		 	$	9		 	10,471		 	$	1		 	$	(385	)	 	$	14,744		 	$	(94,348	)	 	$	(11,269	)	 	$	(91,248	)	
 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents
Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(1) Business Organization
Planet Fitness, Inc. (the “Company”), through its subsidiaries, is a franchisor and operator of fitness centers, with more than 12.1 million members and 1,608 owned and franchised locations (referred to as stores) in 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Canada, the Dominican Republic, Panama and Mexico as of June 30, 2018 .
The Company serves as the reporting entity for its various subsidiaries that operate three distinct lines of business:
		
•	Licensing and selling franchises under the Planet Fitness trade name.	
		
•	Owning and operating fitness centers under the Planet Fitness trade name.	
		
•	Selling fitness-related equipment to franchisee-owned stores.	
The Company was formed as a Delaware corporation on March 16, 2015 for the purpose of facilitating an initial public offering (the “IPO”) which was completed on August 11, 2015 and related transactions in order to carry on the business of Pla-Fit Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries (“Pla-Fit Holdings”). As of August 5, 2015, in connection with the recapitalization transactions that occurred prior to the IPO, the Company became the sole managing member and holder of 100% of the voting power of Pla-Fit Holdings. Pla-Fit Holdings owns 100% of Planet Intermediate, LLC which has no operations but is the 100% owner of Planet Fitness Holdings, LLC, a franchisor and operator of fitness centers. With respect to the Company, Pla-Fit Holdings and Planet Intermediate, LLC, each entity owns nothing other than the respective entity below it in the corporate structure and each entity has no other material operations.
Subsequent to the IPO and the related recapitalization transactions, the Company is a holding company whose principal asset is a controlling equity interest in Pla-Fit Holdings. As the sole managing member of Pla-Fit Holdings, the Company operates and controls all of the business and affairs of Pla-Fit Holdings, and through Pla-Fit Holdings, conducts its business. As a result, the Company consolidates Pla-Fit Holdings’ financial results and reports a non-controlling interest related to the portion of limited liability company units of Pla-Fit Holdings (“Holdings Units”) not owned by the Company. Unless otherwise specified, “the Company” refers to both Planet Fitness, Inc. and Pla-Fit Holdings throughout the remainder of these notes.
As of June 30, 2018 , Planet Fitness, Inc. held 100.0% of the voting interest and 89.4% of the economic interest of Pla-Fit Holdings and the holders of Holdings Units of Pla-Fit Holdings (the “Continuing LLC Owners”) held the remaining 10.6% economic interest in Pla-Fit Holdings.

(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(a) Basis of presentation and consolidation
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) for interim financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, these interim financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations, financial position and cash flows for the periods presented have been reflected. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017  are unaudited. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “Annual Report”) filed with the SEC on March 1, 2018 . Operating results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.
As discussed in Note 1, as a result of the recapitalization transactions, Planet Fitness, Inc. consolidates Pla-Fit Holdings. The Company also consolidates entities in which it has a controlling financial interest, the usual condition of which is ownership of a majority voting interest. The Company also considers for consolidation certain interests where the controlling financial interest may be achieved through arrangements that do not involve voting interests. Such an entity, known as a variable interest entity (“VIE”), is required to be consolidated by its primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is considered to possess the

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Table of Contents
Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance and has the obligation to absorb losses or the rights to receive benefits from the VIE that are significant to it. The principal entities in which the Company possesses a variable interest include franchise entities and certain other entities. The Company is not deemed to be the primary beneficiary for Planet Fitness franchise entities. Therefore, these entities are not consolidated.
The results of the Company have been consolidated with Matthew Michael Realty LLC (“MMR”) and PF Melville LLC (“PF Melville”) based on the determination that the Company is the primary beneficiary with respect to these VIEs. These entities are real estate holding companies that derive a majority of their financial support from the Company through lease agreements for corporate stores. See Note 3 for further information related to the Company’s VIEs.
(b) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Although these estimates are based on management’s knowledge of current events and actions it may undertake in the future, they may ultimately differ from actual results. Significant areas where estimates and judgments are relied upon by management in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition, valuation of assets and liabilities in connection with acquisitions, valuation of equity-based compensation awards, the evaluation of the recoverability of goodwill and long-lived assets, including intangible assets, income taxes, including deferred tax assets and liabilities and reserves for unrecognized tax benefits, and the liability for the Company’s tax benefit arrangements.
(c) Fair Value
ASC 820,  Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures , establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. Categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels are defined as follows:
Level 1—Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2—Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
Level 3—Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.
The table below presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 :

	
																	
 	 	Total fair value at June 30,
2018	 	Quoted prices
in active markets (Level 1)	 	Significant other
observable inputs
(Level 2)	 	Significant
unobservable inputs
(Level 3)	
Interest rate caps	 	$	404		 	$	—		 	$	404		 	$	—		
 	 	Total fair value at December 31,
2017	 	Quoted prices
in active markets (Level 1)	 	Significant other
observable inputs
(Level 2)	 	Significant
unobservable inputs
(Level 3)	
Interest rate caps	 	$	340		 	$	—		 	$	340		 	$	—		
 
(d) Recent accounting pronouncements
The FASB issued ASU No. 2014-9, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , in September 2014. This guidance requires that an entity recognize revenue to depict the transfer of a promised good or service to its customers in an amount that reflects consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for such transfer. This guidance also specifies accounting for certain costs incurred by an entity to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer and provides for enhancements to revenue specific disclosures intended to allow users of the financial statements to clearly understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from an entity’s contracts with its customers. The Company has adopted the guidance as of January 1, 2018 on a modified retrospective basis. See Note 15 for details about the effect of adoption.

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Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

The FASB issued ASU No. 2016-2, Leases , in February 2016. This guidance is intended to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years for public companies. Early application of the amendments in this update is permitted for all entities. The Company anticipates that adoption of this guidance will bring all current operating leases onto the statement of financial position as a right of use asset and related rent liability, and is currently evaluating the effect that implementation of this guidance will have on its consolidated statement of operations.
The FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments , in August 2016. This guidance is intended to reduce diversity in practice of the classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments. This guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that year. The Company has adopted the guidance as of January 1, 2018 on a prospective basis, noting no material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
The FASB issued ASU No. 2017-4, Intangibles–Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, in January 2017. This guidance eliminates the requirement to calculate the implied fair value, essentially eliminating step two from the goodwill impairment test. The new standard requires goodwill impairment to be based upon the results of step one of the impairment test, which is defined as the excess of the carrying value of a reporting unit over its fair value. The impairment charge will be limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. This guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within that year. This new guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
The FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, in August 2017. The guidance simplifies the application of hedge accounting in certain situations and amends the hedge accounting model to enable entities to better portray the economics of their risk management activities in the financial statements. This guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that year. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

(3) Variable Interest Entities
The carrying values of VIEs included in the consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are as follows: 

																	
 	 	June 30, 2018	 	December 31, 2017	
 	 	Assets	 	Liabilities	 	Assets	 	Liabilities	
PF Melville	 	$	4,603		 	$	—		 	$	4,420		 	$	—		
MMR	 	3,461		 	—		 	3,360		 	—		
Total	 	$	8,064		 	$	—		 	$	7,780		 	$	—		
 
The Company also has variable interests in certain franchisees mainly through the guarantee of certain debt and lease agreements by the Company and by certain related parties to franchisees. The Company’s maximum obligation, as a result of its guarantees of leases and debt, is approximately $858 and $979 as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively.
The amount of the Company’s maximum obligation represents a loss that the Company could incur from the variability in credit exposure without consideration of possible recoveries through insurance or other means. In addition, the amount bears no relation to the ultimate settlement anticipated to be incurred from the Company’s involvement with these entities, which is estimated at $0 .
(4) Acquisition
On January 1, 2018, the Company purchased from one of its franchisees certain assets associated with six franchisee-owned stores in New York for a cash payment of $28,503 . As a result of the transaction, the Company incurred a loss on unfavorable reacquired franchise rights of $350 , which has been reflected in other operating costs in the statement of operations. The loss incurred reduced the net purchase price to $28,153 . The Company financed the purchase through cash on hand. The acquired stores are included in the Corporate-owned stores segment.

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Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

The purchase consideration was allocated as follows:

	
				
 	Amount	
Fixed assets	$	4,672		
Reacquired franchise rights	7,640		
Customer relationships	1,150		
Favorable leases, net	520		
Reacquired area development rights	150		
Other assets	275		
Goodwill	14,056		
Liabilities assumed, including deferred revenues	(310	)	
 	$	28,153		

The goodwill created through the purchase is attributable to the assumed future value of the cash flows from the stores acquired. The goodwill is deductible for tax purposes over 15 years.
The acquisition was not material to the results of operations, financial position or cash flows of the Company.

(5) Goodwill and Intangible Assets
A summary of goodwill and intangible assets at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 is as follows: 

															
June 30, 2018	 	Weighted
average
amortization
period (years)	 	Gross
carrying
amount	 	Accumulated
amortization	 	Net carrying
Amount	
Customer relationships	 	11.1	 	$	172,932		 	(92,965	)	 	$	79,967		
Noncompete agreements	 	5.0	 	14,500		 	(14,500	)	 	—		
Favorable leases	 	7.7	 	3,455		 	(2,156	)	 	1,299		
Order backlog	 	0.4	 	3,400		 	(3,400	)	 	—		
Reacquired franchise rights	 	6.8	 	16,590		 	(7,199	)	 	9,391		
Reacquired ADA rights	 	5.0	 	150		 	(15	)	 	135		
 	 	 	 	211,027		 	(120,235	)	 	90,792		
Indefinite-lived intangible:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Trade and brand names	 	N/A	 	146,300		 	—		 	146,300		
Total intangible assets	 	 	 	$	357,327		 	$	(120,235	)	 	$	237,092		
Goodwill	 	 	 	$	191,038		 	$	—		 	$	191,038		

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Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	
															
December 31, 2017	 	Weighted
average
amortization
period (years)	 	Gross
carrying
amount	 	Accumulated
amortization	 	Net carrying
Amount	
Customer relationships	 	11.1	 	$	171,782		 	$	(86,501	)	 	$	85,281		
Noncompete agreements	 	5.0	 	14,500		 	(14,500	)	 	—		
Favorable leases	 	7.5	 	2,935		 	(1,972	)	 	963		
Order backlog	 	0.4	 	3,400		 	(3,400	)	 	—		
Reacquired franchise rights	 	5.8	 	8,950		 	(5,837	)	 	3,113		
 	 	 	 	201,567		 	(112,210	)	 	89,357		
Indefinite-lived intangible:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Trade and brand names	 	N/A	 	146,300		 	—		 	146,300		
Total intangible assets	 	 	 	$	347,867		 	$	(112,210	)	 	$	235,657		
Goodwill	 	 	 	$	176,981		 	$	—		 	$	176,981		
 
The Company determined that no impairment charges were required during any periods presented and the increase to goodwill was due to the acquisition of six franchisee-owned stores on January 1, 2018 (Note 4).
 
Amortization expense related to the intangible assets totaled $4,012 and $4,710 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and $8,025 and $9,425 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 . Included within these total amortization expense amounts are $92 and $88 related to amortization of favorable leases for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and $183 and $181 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. Amortization of favorable leases is recorded within store operations as a component of rent expense in the consolidated statements of operations. The anticipated annual amortization expense to be recognized in future years as of June 30, 2018 is as follows:

				
 	Amount	
Remainder of 2018	$	8,016		
2019	15,536		
2020	13,676		
2021	13,701		
2022	13,789		
Thereafter	26,074		
Total	$	90,792		

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Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(6) Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consists of the following: 

									
 	 	June 30, 2018	 	December 31, 2017	
Term loan B requires quarterly installments plus interest through the term of the loan, maturing March 31, 2021. Outstanding borrowings bear interest at LIBOR or base rate (as defined) plus a margin at the election of the borrower (all-in weighted-average rate of 4.89% at June 30, 2018 and 4.59% at December 31, 2017)	 	$	705,877		 	$	709,470		
Revolving credit line, requires interest only payments through the term of the loan, maturing March 31, 2019. Outstanding borrowings bear interest at LIBOR or base rate (as defined) plus a margin at the election of the borrower (all-in rate of 6.75% at June 30, 2018 and 6.25% at December 31, 2017)	 	—		 	—		
Total debt, excluding deferred financing costs	 	$	705,877		 	709,470		
Deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization	 	(4,735	)	 	(5,709	)	
Total debt	 	701,142		 	703,761		
Current portion of long-term debt and line of credit	 	7,185		 	7,185		
Long-term debt, net of current portion	 	$	693,957		 	$	696,576		
 
Term loan B payments are payable in quarterly installments with the final scheduled principal payment on the outstanding term loan borrowings due on March 31, 2021 .
Future annual principal payments of long-term debt as of June 30, 2018 are as follows: 

				
 	Amount	
Remainder of 2018	$	3,593		
2019	7,185		
2020	7,185		
2021	687,914		
2022	—		
Total	$	705,877		

On August 1, 2018, the Company completed a refinancing of the above senior secured credit facilities. See Note 16.

(7) Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company utilizes interest-rate-related derivative instruments to manage its exposure related to changes in interest rates on its variable-rate debt instruments. The Company does not enter into derivative instruments for any purpose other than cash flow hedging. The Company does not speculate using derivative instruments.
By using derivative financial instruments to hedge exposures to changes in interest rates, the Company exposes itself to credit risk and market risk. Credit risk is the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. When the fair value of a derivative contract is an asset, the counterparty owes the Company, which creates credit risk for the Company. When the fair value of a derivative contract is a liability, the Company owes the counterparty and, therefore, the Company is not exposed to the counterparty’s credit risk in those circumstances. The Company minimizes counterparty credit risk in derivative instruments by entering into transactions with high-quality counterparties whose credit rating is higher than A1/A+ at the inception of the derivative transaction. The derivative instruments entered into by the Company do not contain credit-risk-related contingent features.
Market risk is the adverse effect on the value of a derivative instrument that results from a change in interest rates. The market risk associated with interest-rate contracts is managed by establishing and monitoring parameters that limit the types and degree of market risk that may be undertaken.

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Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

The Company assesses interest rate risk by continually identifying and monitoring changes in interest rate exposures that may adversely impact expected future cash flows and by evaluating hedging opportunities. The Company monitors interest rate risk attributable to both the Company’s outstanding or forecasted debt obligations, as well as the Company’s offsetting hedge positions.
In order to manage the market risk arising from the outstanding term loans, the Company has entered into a series of interest rate caps. As of June 30, 2018 , the Company had interest rate cap agreements with notional amounts of $134,000 outstanding that were entered into in order to hedge three month LIBOR greater than  1.5% through September 30, 2018, and interest rate cap agreements with notional amounts of $219,837 that were entered into in order to hedge one month LIBOR greater than 2.5% through March 31, 2019.
The interest rate cap balances of $404 and $340 were recorded within other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively. These amounts have been measured at fair value and are considered to be a Level 2 fair value measurement. The Company recorded an increase to the value of its interest rate caps of $17 , net of tax of $5 and $180 , net of tax of $89 , within other comprehensive income (loss) during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and an increase to the value of its interest rate caps of $ 383 , net of tax of $ 130 , and $ 356 , net of tax of $ 145 , within other comprehensive income (loss) during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 respectively.
As of June 30, 2018 , the Company expects to reclassify all amounts related to interest rate caps included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings during the next 12 months.

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Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(8) Related Party Transactions
 
Amounts due from related parties of $0 and $3,020 as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 . The balance at December 31, 2017 primarily related to potential reimbursements for certain taxes accrued or paid by the Company (see Note 11).
 
Activity with entities considered to be related parties is summarized below: 

																	
 	 	For the three months ended
June 30,	 	For the six months ended
June 30,	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Franchise revenue	 	$	813		 	$	382		 	$	1,557		 	$	830		
Equipment revenue	 	323		 	554		 	323		 	573		
Total revenue from related parties	 	$	1,136		 	$	936		 	1,880		 	$	1,403		
 
Additionally, the Company had deferred area development agreement revenue from related parties of $824 and $389 as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively.
The Company entered into a consulting agreement that continues through December 31, 2018 with a shareholder and former executive officer of the Company.
The Company had payables to related parties pursuant to tax benefit arrangements of $50,890 and $ 44,794 , as of  June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively (see Note 11).
The Company provides administrative services to Planet Fitness NAF, LLC (“NAF”) and charges NAF a fee for providing these services. The services provided include accounting services, information technology, data processing, product development, legal and administrative support, and other operating expenses, which amounted to $556 and $428 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and $1,196 and $1,001 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively.

(9) Stockholder’s Equity
Pursuant to the exchange agreement between the Company and the Continuing LLC Owners, the Continuing LLC Owners (or certain permitted transferees thereof) have the right, from time to time and subject to the terms of the exchange agreement, to exchange their Holdings Units, along with a corresponding number of shares of Class B common stock, for shares of Class A common stock (or cash at the option of the Company) on a one -for-one basis, subject to customary conversion rate adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends, reclassifications and similar transactions. In connection with any exchange of Holdings Units for shares of Class A common stock by a Continuing LLC Owner, the number of Holdings Units held by the Company is correspondingly increased as it acquires the exchanged Holdings Units, and a corresponding number of shares of Class B common stock are canceled.
During the six months ended June 30, 2018 , certain existing holders of Holdings Units exercised their exchange rights and exchanged 713,000 Holdings Units for 713,000 newly-issued shares of Class A common stock. Simultaneously, and in connection with these exchanges, 713,000 shares of Class B common stock were surrendered by the holders of Holdings Units that exercised their exchange rights and canceled. Additionally, in connection with these exchanges, Planet Fitness, Inc. received 713,000 Holdings Units, increasing its total ownership interest in Pla-Fit Holdings.
As a result of these transactions, as of June 30, 2018 :
		
•	Holders of our Class A common stock owned 87,932,160 shares of our Class A common stock, representing 89.4% of the voting power in the Company and, through the Company, 87,932,160 Holdings Units representing 89.4% of the economic interest in Pla-Fit Holdings; and	
		
•	the Continuing LLC Owners collectively owned 10,470,750 Holdings Units, representing 10.6% of the economic interest in Pla-Fit Holdings and 10,470,750 shares of our Class B common stock, representing 10.6% of the voting power in the Company.	

(10) Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share of Class A common stock is computed by dividing net income attributable to Planet Fitness, Inc. by the weighted-average number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding during the same period. Diluted earnings per share of Class A common stock is computed by dividing net income attributable to Planet Fitness, Inc. by the weighted-average number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding adjusted to give effect to potentially dilutive securities.

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Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Shares of the Company’s Class B common stock do not share in the earnings or losses attributable to Planet Fitness, Inc. and are therefore not participating securities. As such, separate presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share of Class B common stock under the two-class method has not been presented. Shares of the Company’s Class B common stock are, however, considered potentially dilutive shares of Class A common stock because shares of Class B common stock, together with the related Holdings Units, are exchangeable into shares of Class A common stock on a one -for-one basis.
The following table sets forth reconciliations used to compute basic and diluted earnings per share of Class A common stock:  

																		
 	 	Three months ended
June 30,	 	Six months ended
June 30,	 	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	 	
Numerator	 	 		 	 		 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	 	$	30,418		 	$	18,004		 	$	53,912		 	$	35,870		 	
Less: net income attributable to non-controlling interests	 	4,544		 	5,592		 	8,157		 	14,616		 	
Net income attributable to Planet Fitness, Inc.	 	$	25,874		 	$	12,412		 	$	45,755		 	$	21,254		 	
Denominator	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding - basic	 	87,693,377		 	79,153,778		 	87,564,596		 	71,678,755		 	
Effect of dilutive securities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stock options	 	389,994		 	33,564		 	351,987		 	28,893		 	
Restricted stock units	 	21,960		 	5,708		 	14,886		 	5,121		 	
Weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding - diluted	 	88,105,331		 	79,193,050		 	87,931,469		 	71,712,769		 	
Earnings per share of Class A common stock - basic	 	$	0.30		 	$	0.16		 	$	0.52		 	$	0.30		 	
Earnings per share of Class A common stock - diluted	 	$	0.29		 	$	0.16		 	$	0.52		 	$	0.30		 	
Weighted average shares of Class B common stock of 10,704,794 and 19,197,461 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and 10,828,471 and 26,745,818 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, were evaluated under the if-converted method for potential dilutive effects and were not determined to be dilutive. Weighted average stock options outstanding of 164,341 and 491,856 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively and 82,165 and 302,457 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, were evaluated under the treasury stock method for potential dilutive effects and were determined to be anti-dilutive. Weighted average RSUs outstanding of 1,153 and 0 respectively, and 579 and 0 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, were evaluated under the treasury stock method for potential dilutive effects and were determined to be anti-dilutive.

(11) Income Taxes
The Company is the sole managing member of Pla-Fit Holdings, which is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal and certain state and local income taxes. As a partnership, Pla-Fit Holdings is not subject to U.S. federal and certain state and local income taxes. Any taxable income or loss generated by Pla-Fit Holdings is passed through to and included in the taxable income or loss of its members, including the Company, on a pro-rata basis.
Planet Fitness, Inc. is subject to U.S. federal income taxes, in addition to state and local income taxes with respect to our allocable share of any taxable income of Pla-Fit Holdings. The Company’s effective tax rate was 23.3% and 36.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively and 23.0% and 32.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. The reduction in the effective tax rate was primarily attributable to the lower U.S. statutory tax rate in 2018, partially offset by the Company’s increased pro rata share of income from Pla-Fit Holdings. The impact of discrete items was not material. The Company was also subject to taxes in foreign jurisdictions. Undistributed earnings of foreign operations were not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 .
Net deferred tax assets of $ 405,310 and $ 406,153 as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively, relate primarily to the tax effects of temporary differences in the book basis as compared to the tax basis of our investment in Pla-Fit Holdings as a result of the secondary offerings, other exchanges, recapitalization transactions and IPO. As of June 30, 2018 , the Company does not have any material net operating loss carryforwards.

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Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , the total liability related to uncertain tax positions was $ 300 and $2,608 , respectively. During the three months ended June 30, 2018 , the Company settled an examination for $2,625 which was fully indemnified. At the date of settlement the Company had recorded on its balance sheet an uncertain tax position reserve and related indemnification asset of $2,967 reflecting principal and interest and therefore released $342 as an offset to provision for income taxes and also released an indemnification asset of $342 through other expense. The Company recognizes interest accrued and penalties, if applicable, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. Interest and penalties for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 were not material.
On December 22, 2017, Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118") was issued to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of H.R. 1, originally known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("2017 Tax Act"). As of December 31, 2017, the Company made reasonable provisional estimates of the effects of the Tax Act on our consolidated financial statements and tax disclosures, including changes to existing deferred tax balances, the mandatory repatriation tax and remeasurement of our tax benefit arrangements. At June 30, 2018 , the Company has not obtained the additional information needed to complete the accounting for the effects of the 2017 Tax Act.
  Tax benefit arrangements
The Company’s acquisition of Holdings Units in connection with the IPO and future and certain past exchanges of Holdings Units for shares of the Company’s Class A common stock (or cash at the option of the Company) are expected to produce and have produced favorable tax attributes. In connection with the IPO, the Company entered into two tax receivable agreements. Under the first of those agreements, the Company generally is required to pay to certain existing and previous equity owners of Pla-Fit Holdings (the “TRA Holders”) 85% of the applicable tax savings, if any, in U.S. federal and state income tax that the Company is deemed to realize as a result of certain tax attributes of their Holdings Units sold to the Company (or exchanged in a taxable sale) and that are created as a result of (i) the sales of their Holdings Units for shares of Class A common stock and (ii) tax benefits attributable to payments made under the tax receivable agreement (including imputed interest). Under the second tax receivable agreement, the Company generally is required to pay to TSG AIV II-A L.P and TSG PF Co-Investors A L.P. (the "Direct TSG Investors") 85% of the amount of tax savings, if any, that the Company is deemed to realize as a result of the tax attributes of the Holdings Units held in respect of the Direct TSG Investors’ interest in the Company, which resulted from the Direct TSG Investors’ purchase of interests in Pla-Fit Holdings in 2012, and certain other tax benefits. Under both agreements, the Company generally retains the benefit of the remaining 15% of the applicable tax savings.
During the six months ended June 30, 2018 , 713,000 Holdings Units were redeemed by the TRA Holders for newly issued shares of Class A common stock, resulting in an increase in the tax basis of the net assets of Pla-Fit Holdings subject to the provisions of the tax receivable agreements. As a result of the change in Planet Fitness, Inc.’s ownership percentage of Pla-Fit Holdings that occurred in conjunction with the exchanges, we recorded a decrease to our net deferred tax assets of $426 during the six months ended June 30, 2018 . As a result of these exchanges, during the six months ended June 30, 2018 , we also recognized deferred tax assets in the amount of $9,587 , and corresponding tax benefit arrangement liabilities of $8,154 , representing 85% of the tax benefits due to the TRA Holders. The offset to the entries recorded in connection with exchanges was to equity.
As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , the Company had a liability of $ 417,454 and $ 431,360 , respectively, related to its projected obligations under the tax benefit arrangements. Projected future payments under the tax benefit arrangements are as follows:

				
 	Amount	
Remainder of 2018	$	8,764		
2019	24,004		
2020	23,983		
2021	24,407		
2022	24,897		
Thereafter	311,399		
Total	$	417,454		

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Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(12) Commitments and contingencies
From time to time, and in the ordinary course of business, the Company is subject to various claims, charges, and litigation, such as employment-related claims and slip and fall cases. The Company is not currently aware of any legal proceedings or claims that the Company believes will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or result of operations.

(13) Segments

The Company has three reportable segments: (i) Franchise; (ii) Corporate-owned stores; and (iii) Equipment.  

The Company’s operations are organized and managed by type of products and services and segment information is reported accordingly. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”) is its Chief Executive Officer. The CODM reviews financial performance and allocates resources by reportable segment. There have been no operating segments aggregated to arrive at the Company’s reportable segments.

The Franchise segment includes operations related to the Company’s franchising business in the United States, Puerto Rico, Canada, the Dominican Republic, Panama and Mexico, including revenues and expenses from the national advertising fund beginning on January 1, 2018 (see Note 15). The Corporate-owned stores segment includes operations with respect to all Corporate-owned stores throughout the United States and Canada. The Equipment segment includes the sale of equipment to franchisee-owned stores.

The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in Note 2. The Company evaluates the performance of its segments and allocates resources to them based on revenue and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization, referred to as Segment EBITDA. Revenues for all operating segments include only transactions with unaffiliated customers and include no intersegment revenues.

The tables below summarize the financial information for the Company’s reportable segments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 . The “Corporate and other” category, as it relates to Segment EBITDA, primarily includes corporate overhead costs, such as payroll and related benefit costs and professional services which are not directly attributable to any individual segment.

	
																	
 	 	Three months ended
June 30,	 	Six months ended
June 30,	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Revenue	 	 		 	 		 	 	 	 	
Franchise segment revenue - U.S.	 	$	57,252		 	$	37,017		 	$	110,697		 	$	73,445		
Franchise segment revenue - International	 	898		 	777		 	2,065		 	1,146		
Franchise segment total	 	58,150		 	37,794		 	112,762		 	74,591		
Corporate-owned stores - U.S.	 	33,125		 	27,210		 	64,697		 	53,183		
Corporate-owned stores - International	 	1,127		 	1,075		 	2,262		 	2,143		
Corporate-owned stores total	 	34,252		 	28,285		 	66,959		 	55,326		
Equipment segment - U.S.	 	48,148		 	41,237		 	82,161		 	68,501		
Equipment segment total	 	48,148		 	41,237		 	82,161		 	68,501		
Total revenue	 	$	140,550		 	$	107,316		 	$	261,882		 	$	198,418		
 
Franchise segment revenue includes franchise revenue, national advertising fund revenue, and commission income.

Franchise revenue includes revenue generated from placement services of $3,079 and $2,871 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, and $5,177 and $4,977 for the six months June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively.

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Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	
																	
 	 	Three months ended
June 30,	 	Six months ended
June 30,	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Segment EBITDA	 	 		 	 		 	 	 	 	
Franchise	 	$	40,041		 	$	32,487		 	$	76,719		 	$	64,519		
Corporate-owned stores	 	14,666		 	12,840		 	26,837		 	23,533		
Equipment	 	11,457		 	9,809		 	18,925		 	15,904		
Corporate and other	 	(9,236	)	 	(9,925	)	 	(17,978	)	 	(17,057	)	
Total Segment EBITDA	 	$	56,928		 	$	45,211		 	$	104,503		 	$	86,899		
 
The following table reconciles total Segment EBITDA to income before taxes:

	
																	
 	 	Three months ended
June 30,	 	Six months ended
June 30,	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Total Segment EBITDA	 	$	56,928		 	$	45,211		 	$	104,503		 	$	86,899		
Less:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization	 	8,619		 	7,894		 	17,084		 	15,845		
Other expense	 	(502	)	 	(933	)	 	(310	)	 	(251	)	
Income from operations	 	48,811		 	38,250		 	87,729		 	71,305		
Interest expense, net	 	(8,628	)	 	(9,028	)	 	(17,361	)	 	(17,791	)	
Other expense	 	(502	)	 	(933	)	 	(310	)	 	(251	)	
Income before income taxes	 	$	39,681		 	$	28,289		 	$	70,058		 	$	53,263		

The following table summarizes the Company’s assets by reportable segment: 

									
 	 	June 30, 2018	 	December 31, 2017	
Franchise	 	$	239,226		 	$	243,348		
Corporate-owned stores	 	191,473		 	167,367		
Equipment	 	185,594		 	206,632		
Unallocated	 	508,428		 	475,118		
Total consolidated assets	 	$	1,124,721		 	$	1,092,465		
 
The table above includes $2,191 and $2,558 of long-lived assets located in the Company’s corporate-owned stores in Canada as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively. All other assets are located in the U.S.
The following table summarizes the Company’s goodwill by reportable segment: 

									
 	 	June 30, 2018	 	December 31, 2017	
Franchise	 	$	16,938		 	$	16,938		
Corporate-owned stores	 	81,434		 	67,377		
Equipment	 	92,666		 	92,666		
Consolidated goodwill	 	$	191,038		 	$	176,981		

20

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Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(14) Corporate-Owned and Franchisee-Owned Stores

The following table shows changes in our corporate-owned and franchisee-owned stores for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 :

													
 	 	For the three months ended
June 30,	 	For the six months ended
June 30,	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Franchisee-owned stores:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stores operated at beginning of period	 	1,497		 	1,309		 	1,456		 	1,255		
New stores opened	 	44		 	37		 	91		 	91		
Stores debranded, sold or consolidated (1)	 	(1	)	 	(1	)	 	(7	)	 	(1	)	
Stores operated at end of period	 	1,540		 	1,345		 	1,540		 	1,345		
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Corporate-owned stores:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stores operated at beginning of period	 	68		 	58		 	62		 	58		
New stores opened	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		
Stores acquired from franchisees	 	—		 	—		 	6		 	—		
Stores operated at end of period	 	68		 	58		 	68		 	58		
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total stores:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stores operated at beginning of period	 	1,565		 	1,367		 	1,518		 	1,313		
New stores opened	 	44		 	37		 	91		 	91		
Stores acquired, debranded, sold or consolidated (1)	 	(1	)	 	(1	)	 	(1	)	 	(1	)	
Stores operated at end of period	 	1,608		 	1,403		 	1,608		 	1,403		
		
 (1)	The term “debrand” refers to a franchisee-owned store whose right to use the Planet Fitness brand and marks has been terminated in accordance with the franchise agreement. We retain the right to prevent debranded stores from continuing to operate as fitness centers. The term “consolidated” refers to the combination of a franchisee’s store with another store located in close proximity with our prior approval. This often coincides with an enlargement, re-equipment and/or refurbishment of the remaining store.	

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Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(15) Revenue recognition
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
We transitioned to FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606,  Revenue From Contracts with Customers  (“ASC 606”), from ASC Topic 605,  Revenue Recognition  and ASC Subtopic 952-605,  Franchisors - Revenue Recognition  (together, the “Previous Standards”) on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method. Our Financial Statements reflect the application of ASC 606 guidance beginning in 2018, while our consolidated financial statements for prior periods were prepared under the guidance of Previous Standards. The  $9,192 cumulative effect of our transition to ASC 606 is reflected as an adjustment to January 1, 2018 stockholders' deficit.
Our transition to ASC 606 represents a change in accounting principle. ASC 606 eliminates industry-specific guidance and provides a single revenue recognition model for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. The core principle of ASC 606 is that a reporting entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the reporting entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.
Revenue Recognition Significant Accounting Policies under ASC 606
The Company's revenues are comprised of franchise revenue, equipment revenue, and corporate-owned stores revenue.
Franchise revenue
Franchise revenues consist primarily of royalties, national advertising fund contributions, initial and renewal franchise fees and upfront fees from area development agreements ("ADAs"), transfer fees, equipment placement revenue, other fees and commission income. 
The Company's primary performance obligation under the franchise license is granting certain rights to use the Company's intellectual property, and all other services the Company provides under the ADA and franchise agreement are highly interrelated, not distinct within the contract, and therefore accounted for under ASC 606 as a single performance obligation, which is satisfied by granting certain rights to use our intellectual property over the term of each franchise agreement.
Royalties, including franchisee contributions to national advertising funds, are calculated as a percentage of franchise sales over the term of the franchise agreement. Under our franchise agreements, advertising contributions paid by franchisees must be spent on advertising, marketing and related activities. Initial and renewal franchise fees are payable by the franchisee upon signing a new franchise agreement or renewal of an existing franchise agreement, and transfer fees are paid to the Company when one franchisee transfers a franchise agreement to a different franchisee. Our franchise royalties, as well as our advertising fund contributions, represent sales-based royalties that are related entirely to our performance obligation under the franchise agreement and are recognized as franchise sales occur.
Additionally, under ASC 606, initial and renewal franchise fees as well as transfer fees are recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the respective franchise agreement. Under the Previous Standards, initial franchise fees were recognized as revenue when the related franchisees signed a lease and completed the Company's new franchisee training. Renewal franchise fees and transfer fees were recognized as revenue upon execution of a new franchise agreement. Our performance obligation under area development agreements generally consists of an obligation to grant geographic exclusive area development rights. These development rights are not distinct from franchise agreements, so upfront fees paid by franchisees for exclusive development rights are deferred and apportioned to each franchise agreement signed by the franchisee. The pro-rata amount apportioned to each franchise agreement is accounted for identically to the initial franchise fee.
The Company is generally responsible for assembly and placement of equipment it sells to U.S. based franchisee-owned stores. Placement revenue is recognized upon completion and acceptance of the services at the franchise location.
The Company recognizes commission income from certain of its franchisees’ use of certain preferred vendor arrangements. Commissions are recognized when amounts have been earned and collectability from the vendor is reasonably assured.
Online member join fees are paid to the Company by franchisees for processing new membership transactions when a new member signs up for a membership to a franchisee-owned store through the Company’s website. These fees are recognized as revenue as each transaction occurs.

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Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Billing transaction fees are paid to the Company by certain of its franchisees for the processing of franchisee membership dues and annual fees through the Company’s third-party hosted point-of-sale system and are recognized as revenue as they are earned.
Equipment revenue
The Company sells and delivers equipment purchased from third-party equipment manufacturers to U.S. based franchisee-owned stores.  Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of ordered items, generally upon delivery to the customer, which is when the customer obtains physical possession of the goods, legal title is transferred, the customer has all risks and rewards of ownership and an obligation to pay for the goods is created. Franchisees are charged for all freight costs incurred for the delivery of equipment. Freight revenue is recorded within equipment revenue and freight costs are recorded within cost of revenue. The Company recognizes revenue on a gross basis in these transactions as management has determined the Company to be the principal in these transactions. Management determined the Company to be the principal in the transaction because the Company controls the equipment prior to delivery to the final customer as evidenced by its pricing discretion over the goods, inventory transfer of title and risk of loss while the inventory is in transit, and having the primary responsibility to fulfill the customer order and direct the third-party vendor.
Corporate-owned stores revenue
The following revenues are generated from stores owned and operated by the Company.
Customers are offered multiple membership choices varying in length. Membership dues are earned and recognized over the membership term on a straight-line basis.
Enrollment fee revenue
Enrollment fees are charged to new members at the commencement of their membership. The Company recognizes enrollment fees ratably over the estimated duration of the membership life, which is generally two  years.
Annual membership fee revenue
Annual membership fees are annual fees charged to members in addition to and in order to maintain low monthly membership dues. The Company recognizes annual membership fees ratably over the 12 -month membership period.
Retail sales
The Company sells Planet Fitness branded apparel, food, beverages, and other accessories. The revenue for these items is recognized at the point of sale.

Contract Liabilities

Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue resulting from initial and renewal franchise fees and ADA fees paid by franchisees, as well as transfer fees, which are generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the underlying franchise agreement. Also included are corporate store enrollment fees, annual fees and monthly fees. We classify these contract liabilities as deferred revenue in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The following table reflects the change in contract liabilities between the date of adoption (January 1, 2018) and  June 30, 2018 ,

	
				
 	Contract liabilities	
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	40,000		
Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability at the beginning of the year	(16,107	)	
Increase, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period	22,548		
Balance at June 30, 2018	$	46,441		

The following table illustrates estimated revenues expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of  June 30, 2018 . The Company has elected to exclude short term contracts, sales and usage based royalties and any other variable consideration recognized on an "as invoiced" basis.

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Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	
					
Contract liabilities to be recognized in:	 	Amount	
2018	 	$	16,533		
2019	 	8,035		
2020	 	2,179		
2021	 	2,012		
2022	 	1,873		
Thereafter	 	15,809		
Total	 	$	46,441		

Financial Statement Impact of Transition to ASC 606

As noted above, we transitioned to ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method on January 1, 2018. The cumulative effect of this transition to applicable contracts with customers that were not completed as of January 1, 2018 was recorded as an adjustment to stockholders' deficit as of that date. As a result of applying the modified retrospective method to transition to ASC 606, the following adjustments were made to the consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2018 (in millions):

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Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	
												
 	As Reported December 31,	 	Total adjustments	 	Adjusted January 1,	
 	2017	 	 	 	2018	
Assets	 	 	 	 	 	
Current assets:	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	$	113,080		 	$	—		 	$	113,080		
Accounts receivable, net	37,272		 	—		 	37,272		
Due from related parties	3,020		 	—		 	3,020		
Inventory	2,692		 	—		 	2,692		
Restricted assets – national advertising fund	499		 	—		 	499		
Prepaid expenses	3,929		 	—		 	3,929		
Other receivables	9,562		 	—		 	9,562		
Other current assets	6,947		 	—		 	6,947		
Total current assets	177,001		 	—		 	177,001		
Property and equipment, net	83,327		 	—		 	83,327		
Intangible assets, net	235,657		 	—		 	235,657		
Goodwill	176,981		 	—		 	176,981		
Deferred income taxes	407,782		 	3,285		 	411,067		
Other assets, net	11,717		 	—		 	11,717		
Total assets	$	1,092,465		 	$	3,285		 	$	1,095,750		
Liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)	 	 	 	 	 	
Current liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	7,185		 	$	—		 	$	7,185		
Accounts payable	28,648		 	—		 	28,648		
Accrued expenses	18,590		 	—		 	18,590		
Equipment deposits	6,498		 	—		 	6,498		
Restricted liabilities – national advertising fund	490		 	—		 	490		
Deferred revenue, current	19,083		 	(764	)	 	18,319		
Payable pursuant to tax benefit arrangements, current	31,062		 	—		 	31,062		
Other current liabilities	474		 	—		 	474		
Total current liabilities	112,030		 	(764	)	 	111,266		
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	696,576		 	—		 	696,576		
Deferred rent, net of current portion	6,127		 	—		 	6,127		
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	8,440		 	13,241		 	21,681		
Deferred tax liabilities	1,629		 	—		 	1,629		
Payable pursuant to tax benefit arrangements, net of current portion	400,298		 	—		 	400,298		
Other liabilities	4,302		 	—		 	4,302		
Total noncurrent liabilities	1,117,372		 	13,241		 	1,130,613		
Stockholders' equity (deficit):	 	 	 	 	 	
Class A common stock	9		 	—		 	9		
Class B common stock	1		 	—		 	1		
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(648	)	 	—		 	(648	)	
Additional paid in capital	12,118		 	—		 	12,118		
Accumulated deficit	(130,966	)	 	(9,192	)	 	(140,158	)	
Total stockholders' deficit attributable to Planet Fitness Inc.	(119,486	)	 	(9,192	)	 	(128,678	)	
Non-controlling interests	(17,451	)	 	—		 	(17,451	)	
Total stockholders' deficit	(136,937	)	 	(9,192	)	 	(146,129	)	
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit	$	1,092,465		 	$	3,285		 	$	1,095,750		

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Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Franchise Fees
The cumulative adjustment for franchise fees, including ADA fees, renewal fees and transfer fees which will all be recognized over the franchise contract term consist of the following:
		
•	An increase in deferred revenue, net of $ 12,477 for the cumulative reversal and deferral of previously recognized fees related to franchise agreements in effect at January 1, 2018 that were entered into subsequent to the acquisition of Pla-Fit Holdings on November 8, 2012 by TSG Consumer Partners, LLC (the “2012 Acquisition”) (net of the cumulative revenue attributable for the period through January 1, 2018), with a corresponding decrease to Shareholders’ equity.	
		
•	An increase to deferred income taxes, net of $ 3,285  for the tax effects of the adjustment noted above, with a corresponding increase to stockholders' equity.	

Comparison to Amounts if Previous Standards Had Been in Effect
The following tables reflect the impact of adoption of ASC 606 on our consolidated statements of operations for the  three and six months ended June 30, 2018 , cash flows from operating activities for the  six months ended June 30, 2018  and our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of  June 30, 2018  and the amounts as if the Previous Standards were in effect (“Amounts Under Previous Standards”):
Consolidated statement of operations

																								
 	As reported for the three months ended June 30, 2018	 	Total adjustments	 	Amounts under Previous Standards	 	As reported for the six months ended June 30, 2018	 	Total adjustments	 	Amounts under Previous Standards	
Revenue:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Franchise	$	45,417		 	$	762		 	$	46,179		 	$	87,579		 	$	2,527		 	$	90,106		
Commission income	1,575		 	—		 	1,575		 	3,563		 	—		 	3,563		
National advertising fund revenue	11,158		 	(11,158	)	 	—		 	21,620		 	(21,620	)	 	—		
Corporate-owned stores	34,252		 	—		 	34,252		 	66,959		 	—		 	66,959		
Equipment	48,148		 	—		 	48,148		 	82,161		 	—		 	82,161		
Total revenue	140,550		 	(10,396	)	 	130,154		 	261,882		 	(19,093	)	 	242,789		
Operating costs and expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cost of revenue	36,744		 	—		 	36,744		 	63,244		 	—		 	63,244		
Store operations	18,047		 	—		 	18,047		 	36,403		 	—		 	36,403		
Selling, general and administrative	17,210		 	—		 	17,210		 	34,831		 	—		 	34,831		
National advertising fund expense	11,158		 	(11,158	)	 	—		 	21,620		 	(21,620	)	 	—		
Depreciation and amortization	8,619		 	—		 	8,619		 	17,084		 	—		 	17,084		
Other loss (gain)	(39	)	 	—		 	(39	)	 	971		 	—		 	971		
Total operating costs and expenses	91,739		 	(11,158	)	 	80,581		 	174,153		 	(21,620	)	 	152,533		
Income from operations	48,811		 	762		 	49,573		 	87,729		 	2,527		 	90,256		
Other expense, net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest expense, net	(8,628	)	 	—		 	(8,628	)	 	(17,361	)	 	—		 	(17,361	)	
Other (expense) income	(502	)	 	—		 	(502	)	 	(310	)	 	—		 	(310	)	
Total other expense, net	(9,130	)	 	—		 	(9,130	)	 	(17,671	)	 	—		 	(17,671	)	
Income before income taxes	39,681		 	762		 	40,443		 	70,058		 	2,527		 	72,585		
Provision for income taxes	9,263		 	200		 	9,463		 	16,146		 	624		 	16,770		
Net income	30,418		 	562		 	30,980		 	53,912		 	1,903		 	55,815		
Less net income attributable to non-controlling interests	4,544		 	83		 	4,627		 	8,157		 	279		 	8,436		
Net income attributable to Planet Fitness, Inc.	$	25,874		 	$	479		 	$	26,353		 	$	45,755		 	$	1,624		 	$	47,379		
Net income per share of Class A common stock:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic	$	0.30		 	 	 	$	0.30		 	$	0.52		 	 	 	$	0.54		
Diluted	$	0.29		 	 	 	$	0.30		 	$	0.52		 	 	 	$	0.54		

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Table of Contents
Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

												
 	As reported June 30, 2018	 	Total adjustments	 	Amounts under Previous Standards	
Cash flows from operating activities:	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	$	53,912		 	$	1,903		 	$	55,815		
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:	 	 	 	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization	17,084		 	—		 	17,084		
Amortization of deferred financing costs	973		 	—		 	973		
Amortization of favorable leases and asset retirement obligations	186		 	—		 	186		
Amortization of interest rate caps	446		 	—		 	446		
Deferred tax expense	13,300		 	—		 	13,300		
Gain on re-measurement of tax benefit arrangement	(354	)	 	—		 	(354	)	
Provision for bad debts	(8	)	 	—		 	(8	)	
Loss on reacquired franchise rights	350		 	—		 	350		
Loss (gain) on disposal of property and equipment	547		 	—		 	547		
Equity-based compensation	2,687		 	—		 	2,687		
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding effects of acquisitions:	 	 	 	 	 	
Accounts receivable	22,281		 	—		 	22,281		
Due to and due from related parties	3,375		 	—		 	3,375		
Inventory	(501	)	 	—		 	(501	)	
Other assets and other current assets	(3,109	)	 	—		 	(3,109	)	
National advertising fund	(1,634	)	 	—		 	(1,634	)	
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(16,884	)	 	—		 	(16,884	)	
Other liabilities and other current liabilities	(2,908	)	 	—		 	(2,908	)	
Income taxes	131		 	624		 	755		
Payable to related parties pursuant to tax benefit arrangements	(21,706	)	 	—		 	(21,706	)	
Equipment deposits	2,503		 	—		 	2,503		
Deferred revenue	6,229		 	(2,527	)	 	3,702		
Deferred rent	1594		 	—		 	1,594		
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	78,494		 	$	—		 	$	78,494		

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Table of Contents
Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Consolidated Balance Sheet

												
 	As reported June 30, 2018	 	Total adjustments	 	Amounts under Previous Standards	
Assets	 	 	 	 	 	
Current assets:	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	$	147,784		 	$	—		 	$	147,784		
Accounts receivable, net	14,932		 	—		 	14,932		
Due from related parties	—		 	—		 	—		
Inventory	3,193		 	—		 	3,193		
Restricted assets – national advertising fund	73		 	—		 	73		
Deferred expenses – national advertising fund	1,648		 	—		 	1,648		
Prepaid expenses	3,796		 	—		 	3,796		
Other receivables	23,343		 	—		 	23,343		
Other current assets	5,916		 	—		 	5,916		
Total current assets	200,685		 	—		 	200,685		
Property and equipment, net	87,570		 	—		 	87,570		
Intangible assets, net	237,092		 	—		 	237,092		
Goodwill	191,038		 	—		 	191,038		
Deferred income taxes	406,699		 	(3,285	)	 	403,414		
Other assets, net	1,637		 	—		 	1,637		
Total assets	$	1,124,721		 	$	(3,285	)	 	$	1,121,436		
Liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)	 	 	 	 	 	
Current liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	7,185		 	$	—		 	$	7,185		
Accounts payable	16,268		 	—		 	16,268		
Accrued expenses	14,715		 	624		 	15,339		
Equipment deposits	9,001		 	—		 	9,001		
Restricted liabilities – national advertising fund	73		 	—		 	73		
Deferred revenue, current	23,186		 	306		 	23,492		
Payable pursuant to tax benefit arrangements, current	25,578		 	—		 	25,578		
Other current liabilities	436		 	—		 	436		
Total current liabilities	96,442		 	930		 	97,372		
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	693,957		 	—		 	693,957		
Deferred rent, net of current portion	7,700		 	—		 	7,700		
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	23,255		 	(15,068	)	 	8,187		
Deferred tax liabilities	1,389		 	—		 	1,389		
Payable pursuant to tax benefit arrangements, net of current portion	391,876		 	—		 	391,876		
Other liabilities	1,350		 	—		 	1,350		
Total noncurrent liabilities	1,119,527		 	(15,068	)	 	1,104,459		
Stockholders' equity (deficit):	 	 	 	 	 	
Class A common stock	9		 	—		 	9		
Class B common stock	1		 	—		 	1		
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(385	)	 	—		 	(385	)	
Additional paid in capital	14,744		 	—		 	14,744		
Accumulated deficit	(94,348	)	 	10,574		 	(83,774	)	
Total stockholders' deficit attributable to Planet Fitness Inc.	(79,979	)	 	10,574		 	(69,405	)	
Non-controlling interests	(11,269	)	 	279		 	(10,990	)	
Total stockholders' deficit	(91,248	)	 	10,853		 	(80,395	)	
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit	$	1,124,721		 	$	(3,285	)	 	$	1,121,436		

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Planet Fitness, Inc. and subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(16) Subsequent events

On August 1, 2018, Planet Fitness Master Issuer, LLC (the “Master Issuer”), a limited-purpose, bankruptcy remote, wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of Pla-Fit Holdings, LLC, entered into a base indenture and a related supplemental indenture (collectively, the “Indenture”) under which the Master Issuer may issue multiple series of notes. On the same date, the Master Issuer issued Series 2018-1  4.262%  Fixed Rate Senior Secured Notes, Class A-2-I (the “Class A-2-I Notes”) with an initial principal amount of  $575,000 and Series 2018-1  4.666%  Fixed Rate Senior Secured Notes, Class A-2-II (the “Class A-2-II Notes” and, together with the Class A-2-I Notes, the “Class A-2 Notes”) with an initial principal amount of  $625,000 . In connection with the issuance of the Class A-2 Notes, the Master Issuer also entered into a revolving financing facility that allows for the issuance of up to $75,000 in Series 2018-1 Variable Funding Senior Notes, Class A-1 (the “ Variable Funding Notes ”), and certain letters of credit, all of which is currently undrawn. The Notes were issued in a securitization transaction pursuant to which most of the Company’s domestic revenue-generating assets, consisting principally of franchise-related agreements, certain corporate-owned store assets, equipment supply agreements and intellectual property and license agreements for the use of intellectual property, are held by the Master Issuer and certain other limited-purpose, bankruptcy remote, wholly-owned indirect subsidiaries of the Company that act as guarantors of the Notes and that have pledged substantially all of their assets to secure the Notes.

The legal final maturity date of the Class A-2 Notes is in August 2048, but it is anticipated that, unless earlier prepaid to the extent permitted under the Indenture, the Class A-2-I Notes will be repaid in August 2022 and the Class A-2-II Notes will be repaid in August 2025.

A portion of the proceeds of the Notes was used to repay the remaining  $705,877  of principal outstanding on the existing senior secured credit facility. The additional proceeds, net of transaction costs, are being used for general corporate purposes, and may include a return of capital to the Company’s shareholders.
On August 9, 2018, the Company announced that its Board of Directors approved an increase to the total amount of the share repurchase program to $500,000 . The timing of the purchases and the amount of stock repurchased is subject to the Company’s discretion and will depend on market and business conditions, the Company’s general working capital needs, stock price, applicable legal requirements and other factors. Our ability to repurchase shares at any particular time is also subject to the terms of the indenture governing our outstanding notes. Purchases may be effected through one or more open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions, transactions structured through investment banking institutions, or a combination of the foregoing. Planet Fitness is not obligated under the program to acquire any particular amount of stock and can suspend or terminate the program at any time.

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ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this report to the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Planet Fitness, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Overview
We are one of the largest and fastest-growing franchisors and operators of fitness centers in the United States by number of members and locations, with a highly recognized national brand. Our mission is to enhance people’s lives by providing a high-quality fitness experience in a welcoming, non-intimidating environment, which we call the Judgement Free Zone, where anyone—and we mean anyone—can feel they belong. Our bright, clean stores are typically 20,000 square feet, with a large selection of high-quality, purple and yellow Planet Fitness-branded cardio, circuit- and weight-training equipment and friendly staff trainers who offer unlimited free fitness instruction to all our members in small groups through our PE@PF program. We offer this differentiated fitness experience at only $10 per month for our standard membership. This exceptional value proposition is designed to appeal to a broad population, including occasional gym users and the approximately 80% of the U.S. and Canadian populations over age 14 who are not gym members, particularly those who find the traditional fitness club setting intimidating and expensive. We and our franchisees fiercely protect Planet Fitness’ community atmosphere—a place where you do not need to be fit before joining and where progress toward achieving your fitness goals (big or small) is supported and applauded by our staff and fellow members.
As of June 30, 2018 , we had more than 12.1 million members and 1,608 stores in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Canada, the Dominican Republic, Panama, and Mexico. Of our 1,608 stores, 1,540 are franchised and 68 are corporate-owned. As of June 30, 2018 , we had commitments to open more than 1,000 new stores under existing area development agreements.
Our segments
We operate and manage our business in three business segments: Franchise, Corporate-owned stores and Equipment. Our Franchise segment includes operations related to our franchising business in the United States, Puerto Rico, Canada, the Dominican Republic, Panama and Mexico, including revenues and expenses from our national advertising fund beginning on January 1, 2018 (see note 15). Our Corporate-owned stores segment includes operations with respect to all corporate-owned stores throughout the United States and Canada. The Equipment segment includes the sale of equipment to our United States franchisee-owned stores. We evaluate the performance of our segments and allocate resources to them based on revenue and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, referred to as Segment EBITDA. Revenue and Segment EBITDA for all operating segments include only transactions with unaffiliated customers and do not include intersegment transactions. The tables below summarize the financial information for our segments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 . “Corporate and other,” as it relates to Segment EBITDA, primarily includes corporate overhead costs, such as payroll and related benefit costs and professional services that are not directly attributable to any individual segment.

	
																	
 	 	Three months ended
June 30,	 	Six months ended
June 30,	
(in thousands)	 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Revenue	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Franchise segment	 	$	58,150		 	$	37,794		 	$	112,762		 	$	74,591		
Corporate-owned stores segment	 	34,252		 	28,285		 	66,959		 	55,326		
Equipment segment	 	48,148		 	41,237		 	82,161		 	68,501		
Total revenue	 	$	140,550		 	$	107,316		 	$	261,882		 	$	198,418		
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Segment EBITDA	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Franchise	 	$	40,041		 	$	32,487		 	$	76,719		 	$	64,519		
Corporate-owned stores	 	14,666		 	12,840		 	26,837		 	23,533		
Equipment	 	11,457		 	9,809		 	18,925		 	15,904		
Corporate and other	 	(9,236	)	 	(9,925	)	 	(17,978	)	 	(17,057	)	
Total Segment EBITDA (1)	 	$	56,928		 	$	45,211		 	$	104,503		 	$	86,899		

(1)	Total Segment EBITDA is equal to EBITDA, which is a metric that is not presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Refer to “—Non-GAAP financial measures” for a definition of EBITDA and a reconciliation to net income, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure.	

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A reconciliation of income from operations to Segment EBITDA is set forth below: 

																					
(in thousands)	 	Franchise	 	Corporate-owned
stores	 	Equipment	 	Corporate and
other	 	Total	
Three months ended June 30, 2018	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from operations	 	$	38,092		 	$	9,849		 	$	10,201		 	$	(9,331	)	 	$	48,811		
Depreciation and amortization	 	1,949		 	4,952		 	1,256		 	462		 	8,619		
Other expense	 	—		 	(135	)	 	—		 	(367	)	 	(502	)	
Segment EBITDA (1)	 	$	40,041		 	$	14,666		 	$	11,457		 	$	(9,236	)	 	$	56,928		
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Three months ended June 30, 2017	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from operations	 	$	30,346		 	$	8,949		 	$	8,258		 	$	(9,303	)	 	$	38,250		
Depreciation and amortization	 	2,141		 	3,812		 	1,551		 	390		 	7,894		
Other income (expense)	 	—		 	79		 	—		 	(1,012	)	 	(933	)	
Segment EBITDA (1)	 	$	32,487		 	$	12,840		 	$	9,809		 	$	(9,925	)	 	$	45,211		
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Six months ended June 30, 2018	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from operations	 	$	72,790		 	$	17,456		 	$	16,412		 	$	(18,929	)	 	$	87,729		
Depreciation and amortization	 	3,941		 	9,729		 	2,513		 	901		 	17,084		
Other income (expense)	 	(12	)	 	(348	)	 	—		 	50		 	(310	)	
Segment EBITDA (1)	 	$	76,719		 	$	26,837		 	$	18,925		 	$	(17,978	)	 	$	104,503		
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Six months ended June 30, 2017	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from operations	 	$	60,243		 	$	15,629		 	$	12,803		 	$	(17,370	)	 	$	71,305		
Depreciation and amortization	 	4,284		 	7,684		 	3,101		 	776		 	15,845		
Other income (expense)	 	(8	)	 	220		 	—		 	(463	)	 	(251	)	
Segment EBITDA (1)	 	$	64,519		 	$	23,533		 	$	15,904		 	$	(17,057	)	 	$	86,899		

(1)	Total Segment EBITDA is equal to EBITDA, which is a metric that is not presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Refer to “—Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a definition of EBITDA and a reconciliation to net income, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure.	
How we assess the performance of our business
In assessing the performance of our business, we consider a variety of performance and financial measures. The key measures for determining how our business is performing include the number of new store openings, same store sales for both corporate-owned and franchisee-owned stores, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Segment EBITDA, Adjusted net income, and Adjusted net income per share, diluted. See “—Non-GAAP financial measures” below for our definition of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted net income, and Adjusted net income per share, diluted and why we present EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted net income, and Adjusted net income per share, diluted, and for a reconciliation of our EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Adjusted net income to net income, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and a reconciliation of Adjusted net income per share, diluted to net income per share, diluted, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Number of new store openings
The number of new store openings reflects stores opened during a particular reporting period for both corporate-owned and franchisee-owned stores. Opening new stores is an important part of our growth strategy and we expect the majority of our future new stores will be franchisee-owned. Before we obtain the certificate of occupancy or report any revenue for new corporate-owned stores, we incur pre-opening costs, such as rent expense, labor expense and other operating expenses. Some of our stores open with an initial start-up period of higher than normal marketing and operating expenses, particularly as a percentage of monthly revenue. New stores may not be profitable and their revenue may not follow historical patterns.

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The following table shows the change in our corporate-owned and franchisee-owned store base for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 :  

													
 	 	Three months ended June 30,	 	Six months ended June 30,	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Franchisee-owned stores:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stores operated at beginning of period	 	1,497		 	1,309		 	1,456		 	1,255		
New stores opened	 	44		 	37		 	91		 	91		
Stores debranded, sold or consolidated (1)	 	(1	)	 	(1	)	 	(7	)	 	(1	)	
Stores operated at end of period	 	1,540		 	1,345		 	1,540		 	1,345		
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Corporate-owned stores:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stores operated at beginning of period	 	68		 	58		 	62		 	58		
New stores opened	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		
Stores acquired from franchisees	 	—		 	—		 	6		 	—		
Stores operated at end of period	 	68		 	58		 	68		 	58		
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total stores:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stores operated at beginning of period	 	1,565		 	1,367		 	1,518		 	1,313		
New stores opened	 	44		 	37		 	91		 	91		
Stores acquired, debranded, sold or consolidated (1)	 	(1	)	 	(1	)	 	(1	)	 	(1	)	
Stores operated at end of period	 	1,608		 	1,403		 	1,608		 	1,403		

(1)	The term “debrand” refers to a franchisee-owned store whose right to use the Planet Fitness brand and marks has been terminated in accordance with the franchise agreement. We retain the right to prevent debranded stores from continuing to operate as fitness centers. The term “consolidated” refers to the combination of a franchisee’s store with another store located in close proximity with our prior approval. This often coincides with an enlargement, re-equipment and/or refurbishment of the remaining store.	
Same store sales
Same store sales refers to year-over-year sales comparisons for the same store sales base of both corporate-owned and franchisee-owned stores. We define the same store sales base to include those stores that have been open and for which monthly membership dues have been billed for longer than 12 months. We measure same store sales based solely upon monthly dues billed to members of our corporate-owned and franchisee-owned stores.
Several factors affect our same store sales in any given period, including the following:
		
•	the number of stores that have been in operation for more than 12 months;	
		
•	the percentage mix of PF Black Card and standard memberships in any period;	
		
•	growth in total net memberships per store;	
		
•	consumer recognition of our brand and our ability to respond to changing consumer preferences;	
		
•	overall economic trends, particularly those related to consumer spending;	
		
•	our and our franchisees’ ability to operate stores effectively and efficiently to meet consumer expectations;	
		
•	marketing and promotional efforts;	
		
•	local competition;	
		
•	trade area dynamics; and	
		
•	opening of new stores in the vicinity of existing locations.	
Consistent with common industry practice, we present same store sales as compared to the same period in the prior year for all stores that have been open and for which monthly membership dues have been billed for longer than 12 months, beginning with the 13 th month and thereafter, as applicable. Same store sales of our international stores are calculated on a constant currency basis, meaning that we translate the current year’s same store sales of our international stores at the same exchange rates used in the prior year. Since opening new stores will be a significant component of our revenue growth, same store sales is only one measure of how we evaluate our performance.

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Stores acquired from or sold to franchisees are removed from the franchisee-owned or corporate-owned same store sales base, as applicable, upon the ownership change and for the 12 months following the date of the ownership change. These stores are included in the corporate-owned or franchisee-owned same store sales base, as applicable, following the 12 th month after the acquisition or sale. These stores remain in the system-wide same store sales base in all periods.
The following table shows our same store sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 :

	
														
 	 	Three months ended June 30,	 	Six months ended June 30,	 	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	 	
Same store sales data	 	 		 	 		 	 	 	 	 	
Same store sales growth:	 	 		 	 		 	 	 	 	 	
Franchisee-owned stores	 	10.4	%	 	9.3	%	 	10.8	%	 	10.3	%	 	
Corporate-owned stores	 	5.7	%	 	4.3	%	 	5.4	%	 	4.4	%	 	
Total stores	 	10.2	%	 	9.0	%	 	10.6	%	 	10.0	%	 	
Number of stores in same store sales base:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Franchisee-owned stores	 	1,328		 	1,138		 	1,328		 	1,138		 	
Corporate-owned stores	 	58		 	58		 	58		 	58		 	
Total stores	 	1,392		 	1,196		 	1,392		 	1,196		 	

Non-GAAP financial measures
We refer to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as we use these measures to evaluate our operating performance and we believe these measures provide useful information to investors in evaluating our performance. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are supplemental measures of our performance that are neither required by, nor presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as substitutes for U.S. GAAP metrics such as net income or any other performance measures derived in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Also, in the future we may incur expenses or charges such as those used to calculate Adjusted EBITDA. Our presentation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or nonrecurring items. We have also disclosed Segment EBITDA as an important financial metric utilized by the Company to evaluate performance and allocate resources to segments in accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting . As part of such disclosure in “Our Segments” within Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, the Company has provided a reconciliation from income from operations to Total Segment EBITDA, which is equal to the Non-GAAP financial metric EBITDA.
We define EBITDA as net income before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. We believe that EBITDA, which eliminates the impact of certain expenses that we do not believe reflect our underlying business performance, provides useful information to investors to assess the performance of our segments as well as the business as a whole. Our Board of Directors also uses EBITDA as a key metric to assess the performance of management. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, adjusted for the impact of certain additional non-cash and other items that we do not consider in our evaluation of ongoing performance of the Company’s core operations. These items include certain purchase accounting adjustments, stock offering-related costs, and certain other charges and gains. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA is an appropriate measure of operating performance in addition to EBITDA because it eliminates the impact of other items that we believe reduce the comparability of our underlying core business performance from period to period and is therefore useful to our investors in comparing the core performance of our business from period to period. Four-wall EBITDA is an assessment of store-level profitability for stores included in the same-store-sales base, which adjusts for certain administrative and other items that we do not consider in our evaluation of individual store-level performance.

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A reconciliation of net income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA is set forth below for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 :

	
																	
 	 	Three months ended June 30,	 	Six months ended June 30,	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
(in thousands)	 	 		 	 		 	 	 	 	
Net income	 	$	30,418		 	$	18,004		 	$	53,912		 	$	35,870		
Interest expense, net	 	8,628		 	9,028		 	17,361		 	17,791		
Provision for income taxes	 	9,263		 	10,285		 	16,146		 	17,393		
Depreciation and amortization	 	8,619		 	7,894		 	17,084		 	15,845		
EBITDA	 	$	56,928		 	$	45,211		 	$	104,503		 	$	86,899		
Purchase accounting adjustments-revenue (1)	 	(30	)	 	444		 	414		 	780		
Purchase accounting adjustments-rent (2)	 	168		 	191		 	350		 	387		
Loss on reacquired franchise rights (3)	 	—		 	—		 	350		 	—		
Transaction fees (4)	 	—		 	1,021		 	—		 	1,021		
Stock offering-related costs (5)	 	—		 	329		 	—		 	937		
Severance costs (6)	 	352		 	—		 	352		 	—		
Pre-opening costs (7)	 	461		 	—		 	483		 	—		
Early lease termination costs (8)	 	—		 	719		 	—		 	719		
Other (9)	 	502		 	—		 	702		 	(573	)	
Adjusted EBITDA	 	$	58,381		 	$	47,915		 	$	107,154		 	$	90,170		

(1)	Represents the impact of revenue-related purchase accounting adjustments associated with the 2012 Acquisition. At the time of the 2012 Acquisition, the Company maintained a deferred revenue account, which consisted of deferred ADA fees, deferred franchise fees, and deferred enrollment fees that the Company billed and collected up front but recognizes for U.S. GAAP purposes at a later date. In connection with the 2012 Acquisition, it was determined that the carrying amount of deferred revenue was greater than the fair value assessed in accordance with ASC 805—Business Combinations, which resulted in a write-down of the carrying value of the deferred revenue balance upon application of acquisition push-down accounting under ASC 805. These amounts represent the additional revenue that would have been recognized in these periods if the write-down to deferred revenue had not occurred in connection with the application of acquisition pushdown accounting.	
		
(2)	Represents the impact of rent-related purchase accounting adjustments. In accordance with guidance in ASC 805 – Business Combinations, in connection with the 2012 Acquisition, the Company’s deferred rent liability was required to be written off as of the acquisition date and rent was recorded on a straight-line basis from the acquisition date through the end of the lease term. This resulted in higher overall recorded rent expense each period than would have otherwise been recorded had the deferred rent liability not been written off as a result of the acquisition push down accounting applied in accordance with ASC 805. Adjustments of $77, $104, $167 and $207 in the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, reflect the difference between the higher rent expense recorded in accordance with U.S. GAAP since the acquisition and the rent expense that would have been recorded had the 2012 Acquisition not occurred. Adjustments of $92, $88, $183 and $181 in the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, are due to the amortization of favorable and unfavorable lease intangible assets. All of the rent related purchase accounting adjustments are adjustments to rent expense which is included in store operations on our consolidated statements of operations.	
		
(3)	Represents the impact of a one-time, non-cash loss recorded in accordance with ASC 805 - Business Combinations related to our acquisition of six franchisee-owned stores on January 1, 2018. The loss recorded under GAAP represents the difference between the fair value of the reacquired franchise rights and the contractual terms of the reacquired franchise rights and is included in other (gain) loss on our consolidated statements of operations.	
		
(4)	Represents transaction fees and expenses related to the amendment of our credit facilities.	
		
(5)	Represents legal, accounting and other costs incurred in connection with offerings of the Company’s Class A common stock.	
		
(6)	Represents severance expense recorded in connection with an equity award modification.	
		
(7)	Represents costs associated with new corporate-owned stores incurred prior to the store opening, including payroll-related costs, rent and occupancy expenses, marketing and other store operating supply expenses.	
		
(8)	Represents charges and expenses incurred in connection with the early termination of the lease for our previous headquarters.	

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(9)	Represents certain other charges and gains that we do not believe reflect our underlying business performance. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 , this amount includes $342 related to the reversal of a tax indemnification receivable. In the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , this amount includes a gain of $354 and $541, respectively, related to the adjustment of our tax benefit arrangements primarily due to changes in our effective tax rate. Additionally, in the six months ended June 30, 2018 , this amount includes expense of $590 related to the write off of certain assets that were being tested for potential use across the system.	
As a result of the recapitalization transactions that occurred prior to our IPO, the limited liability company agreement of Pla-Fit Holdings was amended and restated (the “LLC Agreement”) to, among other things, designate Planet Fitness, Inc. as the sole managing member of Pla-Fit Holdings. As sole managing member, Planet Fitness, Inc. exclusively operates and controls the business and affairs of Pla-Fit Holdings. As a result of the recapitalization transactions and the LLC Agreement, Planet Fitness, Inc. now consolidates Pla-Fit Holdings, and Pla-Fit Holdings is considered the predecessor to Planet Fitness, Inc. for accounting purposes. Our presentation of Adjusted net income and Adjusted net income per share, diluted, gives effect to the consolidation of Pla-Fit Holdings with Planet Fitness, Inc. resulting from the recapitalization transactions and the LLC Agreement as if they had occurred on January 1, 2017. In addition, Adjusted net income assumes that all net income is attributable to Planet Fitness, Inc., which assumes the full exchange of all outstanding Holdings Units for shares of Class A common stock of Planet Fitness, Inc., adjusted for certain non-recurring items that we do not believe directly reflect our core operations. Adjusted net income per share, diluted, is calculated by dividing Adjusted net income by the total shares of Class A common stock outstanding plus any dilutive options and restricted stock units as calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP and assuming the full exchange of all outstanding Holdings Units and corresponding Class B common stock as of the beginning of each period presented. Adjusted net income and Adjusted net income per share, diluted, are supplemental measures of operating performance that do not represent, and should not be considered, alternatives to net income and earnings per share, as calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We believe Adjusted net income and Adjusted net income per share, diluted, supplement U.S. GAAP measures and enable us to more effectively evaluate our performance period-over-period. A reconciliation of Adjusted net income to net income, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, and the computation of Adjusted net income per share, diluted, are set forth below.

																	
 	 	Three months ended June 30,	 	Six months ended June 30,	
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Net income	 	$	30,418		 	$	18,004		 	$	53,912		 	$	35,870		
Provision for income taxes, as reported	 	9,263		 	10,285		 	16,146		 	17,393		
Purchase accounting adjustments-revenue (1)	 	(30	)	 	444		 	414		 	780		
Purchase accounting adjustments-rent (2)	 	168		 	191		 	350		 	387		
Loss on reacquired franchise rights (3)	 	—		 	—		 	350		 	—		
Transaction fees (4)	 	—		 	1,021		 	—		 	1,021		
Stock offering-related costs (5)	 	—		 	329		 	—		 	937		
Severance costs (6)	 	352		 	—		 	352		 	—		
Pre-opening costs (7)	 	461		 	—		 	483		 	—		
Early lease termination costs (8)	 	—		 	912		 	—		 	1,143		
Other (9)	 	502		 	—		 	702		 	(573	)	
Purchase accounting amortization (10)	 	3,920		 	4,622		 	7,841		 	9,244		
Adjusted income before income taxes	 	$	45,054		 	$	35,808		 	$	80,550		 	$	66,202		
Adjusted income taxes (11)	 	11,849		 	14,144		 	21,185		 	26,150		
Adjusted net income	 	$	33,205		 	$	21,664		 	$	59,365		 	$	40,052		
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Adjusted net income per share, diluted	 	$	0.34		 	$	0.22		 	$	0.60		 	$	0.41		
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Adjusted weighted-average shares outstanding (12)	 	98,810		 	98,391		 	98,760		 	98,459		

(1)	Represents the impact of revenue-related purchase accounting adjustments associated with the 2012 Acquisition. At the time of the 2012 Acquisition, the Company maintained a deferred revenue account, which consisted of deferred ADA fees, deferred franchise fees, and deferred enrollment fees that the Company billed and collected up front but recognizes for U.S. GAAP purposes at a later date. In connection with the 2012 Acquisition, it was determined that the carrying amount of deferred revenue was greater than the fair value assessed in accordance with ASC 805—Business Combinations, which resulted in a write-down of the carrying value of the deferred revenue balance upon application of acquisition push-down accounting under ASC 805. These amounts represent the additional revenue that would have been recognized in these	

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periods if the write-down to deferred revenue had not occurred in connection with the application of acquisition pushdown accounting.
		
(2)	Represents the impact of rent-related purchase accounting adjustments. In accordance with guidance in ASC 805 – Business Combinations, in connection with the 2012 Acquisition, the Company’s deferred rent liability was required to be written off as of the acquisition date and rent was recorded on a straight-line basis from the acquisition date through the end of the lease term. This resulted in higher overall recorded rent expense each period than would have otherwise been recorded had the deferred rent liability not been written off as a result of the acquisition push down accounting applied in accordance with ASC 805. Adjustments of $77, $104, $167 and $207 in the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, reflect the difference between the higher rent expense recorded in accordance with U.S. GAAP since the acquisition and the rent expense that would have been recorded had the 2012 Acquisition not occurred. Adjustments of $92, $88, $183 and $181 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, are due to the amortization of favorable and unfavorable lease intangible assets. All of the rent related purchase accounting adjustments are adjustments to rent expense which is included in store operations on our consolidated statements of operations.	
		
(3)	Represents the impact of a one-time, non-cash loss recorded in accordance with ASC 805 - Business Combinations related to our acquisition of six franchisee-owned stores on January 1, 2018. The loss recorded under GAAP represents the difference between the fair value of the reacquired franchise rights and the contractual terms of the reacquired franchise rights and is included in other (gain) loss on our consolidated statements of operations.	
		
(4)	Represents transaction fees and expenses related to the amendment of our credit facilities	
		
(5)	Represents legal, accounting and other costs incurred in connection with offerings of the Company’s Class A common stock.	
		
(6)	Represents severance expense recorded in connection with an equity award modification.	
		
(7)	Represents costs associated with new corporate-owned stores incurred prior to the store opening, including payroll-related costs, rent and occupancy expenses, marketing and other store operating supply expenses.	
		
(8)	Represents charges and expenses incurred in connection with the early termination of the lease for our previous headquarters. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , this amount includes expense of $193 and $424, respectively, related to accelerated depreciation expense taken on our headquarters in preparation for moving to a new building.	
		
(9)	Represents certain other charges and gains that we do not believe reflect our underlying business performance. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 , this amount includes $342 related to the reversal of a tax indemnification receivable. In the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , this amount includes a gain of $354 and $541, respectively, related to the adjustment of our tax benefit arrangements primarily due to changes in our effective tax rate. Additionally, in the six months ended June 30, 2018 , this amount includes expense of $590 related to the write off of certain assets that were being tested for potential use across the system.	
		
(10)	Includes $3,096, $4,086, $6,192 and $8,172 of amortization of intangible assets, other than favorable leases, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, recorded in connection with the 2012 Acquisition, and $825, $536, $1,650 and $1,072 of amortization of intangible assets for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, recorded in connection with historical acquisitions of franchisee-owned stores. The adjustment represents the amount of actual non-cash amortization expense recorded, in accordance with U.S. GAAP, in each period.	
		
(11)	Represents corporate income taxes at an assumed effective tax rate of 26.3% and 39.5% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, applied to adjusted income before income taxes.	
		
(12)	Assumes the full exchange of all outstanding Holdings Units and corresponding shares of Class B common stock for shares of Class A common stock of Planet Fitness, Inc.	

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A reconciliation of net income per share, diluted, to Adjusted net income per share, diluted is set forth below for three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 :

																							
 	 	For the three months ended
June 30, 2018	 	For the three months ended
June 30, 2017	
 	 	Net income	 	Weighted Average Shares	 	Net income per share, diluted	 	Net income	 	Weighted Average Shares	 	Net income per share, diluted	
Net income attributable to Planet Fitness, Inc. (1)	 	$	25,874		 	88,105		 	$	0.29		 	$	12,412		 	79,193		 	$	0.16		
Assumed exchange of shares (2)	 	4,544		 	10,705		 	 	 	5,592		 	19,198		 	 	
Net Income	 	30,418		 	 	 	 	 	18,004		 	 	 	 	
Adjustments to arrive at adjusted income
   before income taxes (3)	 	14,636		 	 	 	 	 	17,804		 	 	 	 	
Adjusted income before income taxes	 	45,054		 	 		 	 	 	35,808		 	 	 	 	
Adjusted income taxes (4)	 	11,849		 	 	 	 	 	14,144		 	 	 	 	
Adjusted Net Income	 	$	33,205		 	98,810		 	$	0.34		 	$	21,664		 	98,391		 	$	0.22		
		
(1)	Represents net income attributable to Planet Fitness, Inc. and the associated weighted average shares, diluted of Class A common stock outstanding.	
		
(2)	Assumes the full exchange of all outstanding Holdings Units and corresponding shares of Class B common stock for shares of Class A common stock of Planet Fitness, Inc. Also assumes the addition of net income attributable to non-controlling interests corresponding with the assumed exchange of Holdings Units and Class B common shares for shares of Class A common stock.	
		
(3)	Represents the total impact of all adjustments identified in the adjusted net income table above to arrive at adjusted income before income taxes.	
		
(4)	Represents corporate income taxes at an assumed effective tax rate of 26.3% and 39.5% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, applied to adjusted income before income taxes.	

	
																							
 	 	For the six months ended
June 30, 2018	 	For the six months ended
June 30, 2017	
 	 	Net income	 	Weighted Average Shares	 	Net income per share, diluted	 	Net income	 	Weighted Average Shares	 	Net income per share, diluted	
Net income attributable to Planet Fitness, Inc. (1)	 	$	45,755		 	87,931		 	$	0.52		 	$	21,254		 	71,713		 	$	0.30		
Assumed exchange of shares (2)	 	8,157		 	10,829		 			 	14,616		 	26,746		 			
Net Income	 	53,912		 	 	 	 	 	35,870		 	 	 	 	
Adjustments to arrive at adjusted income
   before income taxes (3)	 	26,638		 	 	 	 	 	30,332		 	 	 	 	
Adjusted income before income taxes	 	80,550		 	 	 	 	 	66,202		 	 	 	 	
Adjusted income taxes (4)	 	21,185		 	 	 	 	 	26,150		 	 	 	 	
Adjusted Net Income	 	$	59,365		 	98,760		 	$	0.60		 	$	40,052		 	98,459		 	$	0.41		

(1)	Represents net income attributable to Planet Fitness, Inc. and the associated weighted average shares, diluted of Class A common stock outstanding.	
		
(2)	Assumes the full exchange of all outstanding Holdings Units and corresponding shares of Class B common stock for shares of Class A common stock of Planet Fitness, Inc. Also assumes the addition of net income attributable to non-controlling interests corresponding with the assumed exchange of Holdings Units and Class B common shares for shares of Class A common stock.	
		
(3)	Represents the total impact of all adjustments identified in the adjusted net income table above to arrive at adjusted income before income taxes.	
		
(4)	Represents corporate income taxes at an assumed effective tax rate of 26.3% and 39.5% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively, applied to adjusted income before income taxes.	

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Results of operations
The following table sets forth our condensed consolidated statements of operations as a percentage of total revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 :

	
													
 	 	Three months ended June 30,	 	Six months ended June 30,	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Revenue:	 	 		 	 		 	 	 	 	
Franchise revenue	 	32.3	 %	 	30.6	 %	 	33.4	 %	 	31.8	 %	
Commission income	 	1.1	 %	 	4.6	 %	 	1.3	 %	 	5.8	 %	
National advertising fund revenue	 	7.9	 %	 	—	 %	 	8.3	 %	 	—	 %	
Franchise segment	 	41.3	 %	 	35.2	 %	 	43.0	 %	 	37.6	 %	
Corporate-owned stores	 	24.4	 %	 	26.4	 %	 	25.6	 %	 	27.9	 %	
Equipment	 	34.3	 %	 	38.4	 %	 	31.4	 %	 	34.5	 %	
Total revenue	 	100.0	 %	 	100.0	 %	 	100.0	 %	 	100.0	 %	
Operating costs and expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cost of revenue	 	26.1	 %	 	29.3	 %	 	24.1	 %	 	26.5	 %	
Store operations	 	12.8	 %	 	13.6	 %	 	13.9	 %	 	15.0	 %	
Selling, general and administrative	 	12.2	 %	 	13.8	 %	 	13.3	 %	 	14.4	 %	
National advertising fund expense	 	7.9	 %	 	—	 %	 	8.3	 %	 	—	 %	
Depreciation and amortization	 	6.1	 %	 	7.4	 %	 	6.5	 %	 	8.0	 %	
Other loss (gain)	 	—	 %	 	0.3	 %	 	0.4	 %	 	0.2	 %	
Total operating costs and expenses	 	65.1	 %	 	64.4	 %	 	66.5	 %	 	64.1	 %	
Income from operations	 	34.9	 %	 	35.6	 %	 	33.5	 %	 	35.9	 %	
Other income (expense), net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest expense, net	 	(6.1	)%	 	(8.4	)%	 	(6.6	)%	 	(9.0	)%	
Other expense	 	(0.4	)%	 	(0.9	)%	 	(0.1	)%	 	(0.1	)%	
Total other expense, net	 	(6.5	)%	 	(9.3	)%	 	(6.7	)%	 	(9.1	)%	
Income before income taxes	 	28.4	 %	 	26.3	 %	 	26.8	 %	 	26.8	 %	
Provision for income taxes	 	6.6	 %	 	9.6	 %	 	6.2	 %	 	8.8	 %	
Net income	 	21.8	 %	 	16.7	 %	 	20.6	 %	 	18.0	 %	
Less net income attributable to non-controlling interests	 	3.2	 %	 	5.2	 %	 	3.1	 %	 	7.4	 %	
Net income attributable to Planet Fitness, Inc.	 	18.6	 %	 	11.5	 %	 	17.5	 %	 	10.6	 %	

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The following table sets forth a comparison of our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 :

	
																	
 	 	Three months ended June 30,	 	Six months ended June 30,	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
(in thousands)	 	 		 	 		 	 	 	 	
Revenue:	 	 	 	 		 	 	 	 	
Franchise revenue	 	$	45,417		 	$	32,791		 	$	87,579		 	$	63,072		
Commission income	 	1,575		 	5,003		 	3,563		 	11,519		
National advertising fund revenue	 	11,158		 	—		 	21,620		 	—		
Franchise segment	 	58,150		 	37,794		 	112,762		 	74,591		
Corporate-owned stores	 	34,252		 	28,285		 	66,959		 	55,326		
Equipment	 	48,148		 	41,237		 	82,161		 	68,501		
Total revenue	 	140,550		 	107,316		 	261,882		 	198,418		
Operating costs and expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cost of revenue	 	36,744		 	31,452		 	63,244		 	52,576		
Store operations	 	18,047		 	14,604		 	36,403		 	29,788		
Selling, general and administrative	 	17,210		 	14,768		 	34,831		 	28,588		
National advertising fund expense	 	11,158		 	—		 	21,620		 	—		
Depreciation and amortization	 	8,619		 	7,894		 	17,084		 	15,845		
Other loss (gain)	 	(39	)	 	348		 	971		 	316		
Total operating costs and expenses	 	91,739		 	69,066		 	174,153		 	127,113		
Income from operations	 	48,811		 	38,250		 	87,729		 	71,305		
Other income (expense), net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest expense, net	 	(8,628	)	 	(9,028	)	 	(17,361	)	 	(17,791	)	
Other expense	 	(502	)	 	(933	)	 	(310	)	 	(251	)	
Total other expense, net	 	(9,130	)	 	(9,961	)	 	(17,671	)	 	(18,042	)	
Income before income taxes	 	39,681		 	28,289		 	70,058		 	53,263		
Provision for income taxes	 	9,263		 	10,285		 	16,146		 	17,393		
Net income	 	30,418		 	18,004		 	53,912		 	35,870		
Less net income attributable to non-controlling interests	 	4,544		 	5,592		 	8,157		 	14,616		
Net income attributable to Planet Fitness, Inc.	 	$	25,874		 	$	12,412		 	$	45,755		 	$	21,254		
Comparison of the three months ended June 30, 2018 and three months ended June 30, 2017
Revenue
Total revenues were $ 140.6 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 , compared to $ 107.3 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $ 33.2 million, or 31.0% .
Franchise segment revenue was $ 58.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 , compared to $ 37.8 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $ 20.4 million, or 53.9% .
Franchise revenue was $ 45.4 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $ 32.8 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $ 12.6 million or 38.5% . Included in franchise revenue is royalty revenue of $ 38.3 million, franchise and other fees of $ 4.0 million, and placement revenue of $ 3.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 , compared to royalty revenue of $ 23.6 million, franchise and other fees of $ 6.3 million, and placement revenue of $ 2.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 . The $ 14.8 million increase in royalty revenue was primarily driven by $7.2 million due to higher royalty rates on monthly dues and $3.2 million due to higher royalties on annual fees, primarily as a result of the franchise agreements that were amended to increase royalty rates by 1.59% which were offset by a corresponding decrease in franchise and other fees as well as reduced commission income (the "rebate to royalty amendment"). Additionally, $2.4 million was attributable to royalties from new stores in 2018 , as well as stores that opened in 2017 that were not included in the same store sales base and $2.0 million attributable to a same store sales increase of 10.4% in franchisee-owned stores. The $ 2.3 million decrease in franchise and other fees was primarily driven by the 1.59% rebate to royalty amendment mentioned above in the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017 .

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Commission income, which is included in our franchise segment, was $ 1.6 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $ 5.0 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017 . The $ 3.4 million decrease was primarily attributable to the 1.59% rebate to royalty amendment mentioned above.
National advertising fund revenue was $ 11.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 , compared to zero in the three months ended June 30, 2017 , as a result of the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard ASC 606. This revenue is offset by national advertising fund expenses below. See Note 15 in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Revenue from our corporate-owned stores segment was $ 34.3 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 , compared to $ 28.3  million in the three months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $ 6.0 million, or 21.1% . The increase was due to higher revenue of $4.0 million from new corporate-owned stores opened and acquired since March 31, 2017, higher same store sales from corporate-owned stores which increased 5.7% in the three months ended June 30, 2018 and contributed incremental revenues of $1.4 million, and higher annual fee revenue of $0.4 million.
Equipment segment revenue was $ 48.1 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 , compared to $ 41.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $ 6.9 million, or 16.8% . The increase was driven by an increase in replacement equipment sales to existing franchisee-owned stores in the three months ended June 30, 2018 , as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017 , as well as higher equipment sales to new franchisee-owned stores related to four additional new equipment sales in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017 .
Cost of revenue
Cost of revenue was $ 36.7 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $ 31.5 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $ 5.3 million, or 16.8% . Cost of revenue, which relates to our equipment segment, increase d due to four additional equipment sales to new franchisee-owned stores, in addition to an increase in replacement equipment sales to existing franchisee-owned stores in the three months ended June 30, 2018 , as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017 .
Store operations
Store operation expenses, which relate to our corporate-owned stores segment, were $ 18.0 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $ 14.6 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $ 3.4 million, or 23.6% . The increase was primarily attributable to the acquisition of six franchisee-owned stores on January 1, 2018, as well as the opening of four new corporate-owned stores in the fourth quarter of 2017.
Selling, general and administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses were $ 17.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $ 14.8 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $ 2.4 million, or 16.5% . The $ 2.4 million increase was primarily due to additional expenses incurred during the three months ended June 30, 2018 to support our growing operations, including additional headcount and equity-based compensation. Partially offsetting this increase was $0.3 million of lower costs incurred in connection with secondary offerings in the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017 . With respect to our growing operations, we anticipate that our selling, general and administrative expenses will continue to increase as our franchisee-owned store count continues to grow.
National advertising fund expense
National advertising fund expense was $ 11.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to zero in the three months ended June 30, 2017 , as a result of the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard ASC 606. This expense is offset by national advertising fund revenue as described above. See Note 15 in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense consists of the depreciation of property and equipment, including leasehold and building improvements and equipment. Amortization expense consists of amortization related to our intangible assets, including customer relationships and non-compete agreements.
Depreciation and amortization expense was $ 8.6 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $ 7.9 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $ 0.7 million, or 9.2% .
Other loss (gain)
Other loss (gain) was zero in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to a loss of $0.3 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017 .
Interest expense, net
Interest expense primarily consists of interest on long-term debt as well as the amortization of deferred financing costs.  

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Interest expense, net was $ 8.6 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $ 9.0 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017 .
Other expense
Other expense was $ 0.5 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $ 0.9 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $ 0.4 million. In the three months ended June 30, 2018 , other expense includes a loss of $0.3 million related to the write-off of an indemnification asset. In the three months ended June 30, 2017 , other expense includes $1.0 million of third party fees recorded in connection with the May 2017 amendment of our credit facility, partially offset by a gain of $0.5 million related to the adjustment of our tax benefit arrangements primarily due to changes in our effective tax rate. Other expense also includes the effects of foreign currency gains and losses.
Provision for income taxes
Income tax expense was $ 9.3 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 , compared to $ 10.3 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017 , a decrease of $ 1.0 million. The decrease in the provision for income taxes was primarily attributable to the decrease in the tax rate effective January 1, 2018 as evidenced by our lower effective tax rate of 23.3% for the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to 36.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2017 , partially offset by the Company’s increased pro rata share of income from Pla-Fit Holdings in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017 as a result of the exchanges by Continuing LLC Owners of Holdings Units for shares of Class A common stock.
Segment results
Franchise
Segment EBITDA for the franchise segment was $ 40.0 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $ 32.5 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $ 7.6 million, or 23.3% . This increase was primarily the result of growth in our franchise segment revenue of $7.2 million due to higher royalty rates on monthly dues and $3.2 million due to higher royalties on annual fees, primarily as a result of the franchise agreements that were amended to increase royalty rates by 1.59%, $2.4 million was attributable to royalties from new stores in 2018 , as well as stores that opened in 2017 that were not included in the same store sales base, and $2.0 million attributable to a same store sales increase of 10.4% in franchisee-owned stores. The increase in revenue was partially offset by $3.4 million of lower commission income and $2.3 million of lower franchise and other fee revenue in conjunction with the 1.59% rebate to royalty amendment mentioned above, and $1.6 million of higher franchise-related selling, general, and administrative expense to support our growing franchise operations. Depreciation and amortization was $ 1.9 million and $ 2.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively.
Corporate-owned stores
Segment EBITDA for the corporate-owned stores segment was $ 14.7 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $ 12.8 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $ 1.8 million, or 14.2% . Of this increase , $1.1 million related to increased revenues from stores included in our same store sales base in the three months ended June 30, 2018 , compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017 . An additional $1.5 million increase was attributable to the stores opened and acquired since March 31, 2017. Partially offsetting these increases is $0.5 million of pre-opening expenses for stores that have not yet opened, and the effect of foreign currency losses. Depreciation and amortization was $ 5.0 million and $ 3.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively.
Equipment
Segment EBITDA for the equipment segment was $ 11.5 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $ 9.8 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $ 1.6 million, or 16.8% , primarily driven by an increase in replacement equipment sales to existing franchisee-owned stores in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017 , in addition to four additional equipment sales to new franchisee-owned stores in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017 . Depreciation and amortization was $ 1.3 million and $ 1.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively.
Comparison of the six months ended June 30, 2018 and six months ended June 30, 2017
Revenue
Total revenues were $261.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018 , compared to $198.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $63.5 million, or 32.0% .
Franchise segment revenue was $112.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018 , compared to $74.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $ 38.2 million, or 51.2% .

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Franchise revenue was $87.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $63.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $24.5 million or 38.9% . Included in franchise revenue is royalty revenue of $72.7 million, franchise and other fees of $9.7 million, and placement revenue of $5.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 , compared to royalty revenue of $44.5 million, franchise and other fees of $13.6 million, and placement revenue of $5.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 . Of the $28.3 million increase in royalty revenue, $13.7 million was primarily attributable to higher royalty rates on monthly dues and $6.0 million was attributable to higher royalties on annual fees, primarily as a result of the franchise agreements that were amended to increase royalty rates by 1.59% which were offset by a corresponding decrease in franchise and other fees as well as reduced commission income. Additionally, $4.6 million was attributable to royalties from new stores in 2018 , as well as stores that opened in 2017 that were not included in the same store sales base, and $4.0 million was attributable to a same store sales increase of 10.8% in franchisee-owned stores. The $4.0 million decrease in franchise and other fees was primarily driven by the 1.59% rebate to royalty amendment mentioned above in the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017 .
Commission income, which is included in our franchise segment, was $3.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $11.5 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017 . The $8.0 million decrease was primarily attributable to the 1.59% rebate to royalty amendment mentioned above.
National advertising fund revenue was $21.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018 , compared to zero in the six months ended June 30, 2017 , as a result of the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard ASC 606. This revenue is offset by national advertising fund expenses below. See Note 15 in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Revenue from our corporate-owned stores segment was $67.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018 , compared to $55.3  million in the six months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $11.6 million, or 21.0% . The increase was due to higher revenue of $7.3 million from new corporate-owned stores opened and acquired since January 1, 2017, higher same store sales from corporate-owned stores which increased 5.4% in the six months ended June 30, 2018 and contributed incremental revenues of $2.5 million, and higher annual fees of $1.2 million.
Equipment segment revenue was $82.2 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018 , compared to $68.5 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $13.7 million, or 19.9% . The increase was driven by an increase in replacement equipment sales to existing franchisee-owned stores in the six months ended June 30, 2018 , as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017 , as well as higher equipment sales to new franchisee-owned stores related to eight additional new equipment sales in the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017 .
Cost of revenue
Cost of revenue was $63.2 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $52.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $ 10.7 million, or 20.3% . Cost of revenue, which relates to our equipment segment, increase d due to eight additional equipment sales to new franchisee-owned stores, in addition to an increase in replacement equipment sales to existing franchisee-owned stores in the six months ended June 30, 2018 , as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017 .
Store operations
Store operation expenses, which relate to our corporate-owned stores segment, were $36.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $29.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $6.6 million, or 22.2% . The increase was primarily attributable to the acquisition of six franchisee-owned stores on January 1, 2018, as well as the opening of four new corporate-owned stores in the fourth quarter of 2017.
Selling, general and administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses were $34.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $28.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $6.2 million, or 21.8% . The $6.2 million increase was primarily due to additional expenses incurred during the six months ended June 30, 2018 to support our growing operations, including additional headcount, equity-based compensation, and costs related to our franchisee conference which occurs approximately every 18 months. Partially offsetting this increase was $0.9 million of lower costs incurred in connection with secondary offerings in the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017 . With respect to our growing operations, we anticipate that our selling, general and administrative expenses will continue to increase as our franchisee-owned store count continues to grow.
National advertising fund expense
National advertising fund expense was $21.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to zero in the six months ended June 30, 2017 , as a result of the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard ASC 606. This expense is offset by national advertising fund revenue as described above. See Note 15 in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense consists of the depreciation of property and equipment, including leasehold and building improvements and equipment. Amortization expense consists of amortization related to our intangible assets, including customer relationships and non-compete agreements.
Depreciation and amortization expense was $17.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $15.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $1.2 million, or 7.8% .
Other loss
Other loss was $1.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $0.3 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017 . In the six months ended June 30, 2018 , this amount includes $0.6 million due to write off of certain assets that were being tested for possible use across the system and $0.4 million related to the loss on reacquired franchise rights recorded in relation to the acquisition of six franchisee-owned stores on January 1, 2018.
Interest expense, net
Interest expense primarily consists of interest on long-term debt as well as the amortization of deferred financing costs.  
Interest expense, net was $17.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $17.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017 .
Other expense
Other expense was $0.3 million in both the six months ended June 30, 2018 and the six months ended June 30, 2017 . Other expense includes a gain of $0.4 million and $0.5 million related to the adjustment of our tax benefit arrangements primarily due to changes in our effective tax rate in the six months ended June 30, 2018 and the six months ended June 30, 2017 , respectively. In the six months ended June 30, 2018 , other expense includes expense of $0.3 million related to the write-off of an indemnification asset. In the six months ended June 30, 2017 , other expense includes $1.0 million of third party fees recorded in connection with the May 2017 amendment of our credit facility. Other expense also includes the effects of foreign currency loss of $0.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018 and a gain of $0.2 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017 .
Provision for income taxes
Income tax expense was $16.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018 , compared to $17.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017 , a decrease of $1.2 million. The decrease in the provision for income taxes was primarily attributable to the decrease in the tax rate effective January 1, 2018 as evidenced by our lower effective tax rate of 23.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to 32.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2017 , partially offset by the Company’s increased pro rata share of income from Pla-Fit Holdings in the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017 as a result of the exchanges by Continuing LLC Owners of Holdings Units for shares of Class A common stock.
Segment results
Franchise
Segment EBITDA for the franchise segment was $76.7 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $64.5 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $12.2 million, or 18.9% . This increase was primarily the result of growth in our franchise segment revenue of $13.7 million was primarily attributable to higher royalty rates on monthly dues and $6.0 million was attributable to higher royalties on annual fees, primarily as a result of the franchise agreements that were amended to increase royalty rates by 1.59%, $4.6 million was attributable to royalties from new stores in 2018 , as well as stores that opened in 2017 that were not included in the same store sales base, and $4.0 million attributable to a same store sales increase of 10.8% in franchisee-owned stores. The increase in revenue was partially offset by $8.0 million of lower commission income and $4.0 million of lower franchise and other fee revenue in conjunction with the 1.59% rebate to royalty amendment mentioned above, and $4.3 million of higher franchise-related selling, general, and administrative expense to support our growing franchise operations. Depreciation and amortization was $3.9 million and $4.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively.
Corporate-owned stores
Segment EBITDA for the corporate-owned stores segment was $26.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $23.5 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $3.3 million, or 14.0% . Of this increase , $3.0 million was related to increased revenues from stores included in our same store sales base in the six months ended June 30, 2018 , compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017 . An additional $2.0 million of the increase is attributable to the stores opened and acquired since January 1, 2017. Partially offsetting these increases is $0.5 million of pre-opening expenses for stores that have not yet opened, and the loss on reacquired franchise rights recorded in connection with the acquisition of six franchisee-owned stores on

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January 1, 2018 and the effect of foreign currency losses. Depreciation and amortization was $9.7 million and $7.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively.
Equipment
Segment EBITDA for the equipment segment was $18.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $15.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $ 3.0 million, or 19.0% , primarily driven by an increase in replacement equipment sales to existing franchisee-owned stores in the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017 , in addition to eight additional equipment sales to new franchisee-owned stores in the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017 . Depreciation and amortization was $2.5 million and $3.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively.
Liquidity and capital resources
As of June 30, 2018 , we had $ 147.8 million of cash and cash equivalents. In addition, as of June 30, 2018 , we had borrowing capacity of $75.0 million under our revolving credit facility.
We require cash principally to fund day-to-day operations, to finance capital investments, to service our outstanding debt and tax benefit arrangements and to address our working capital needs. Based on our current level of operations and anticipated growth, we believe that with the available cash balance, the cash generated from our operations, and amounts available under our revolving credit facility will be adequate to meet our anticipated debt service requirements and obligations under the tax benefit arrangements, capital expenditures and working capital needs for at least the next 12 months. We believe that we will be able to meet these obligations even if we experience no growth in sales or profits. Our ability to continue to fund these items and continue to reduce debt could be adversely affected by the occurrence of any of the events described under “Risk factors” in the Annual Report and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. There can be no assurance, however, that our business will generate sufficient cash flows from operations or that future borrowings will be available under our revolving credit facility or otherwise to enable us to service our indebtedness, including our senior secured credit facility, or to make anticipated capital expenditures. Our future operating performance and our ability to service, extend or refinance the senior secured credit facility will be subject to future economic conditions and to financial, business and other factors, many of which are beyond our control.
The following table presents summary cash flow information for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 :

	
									
 	 	Six months ended June 30,	
( in thousands )	 	2018	 	2017	
Net cash (used in) provided by:	 	 		 	 		
Operating activities	 	$	78,494		 	$	62,998		
Investing activities	 	(36,505	)	 	(14,127	)	
Financing activities	 	(6,856	)	 	(10,941	)	
Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash	 	(429	)	 	198		
Net increase in cash	 	$	34,704		 	$	38,128		
  Operating activities
For the six months ended June 30, 2018 , net cash provided by operating activities was $ 78.5 million compared to $ 63.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $ 15.5 million. Of the increase , $ 19.5 million was due to higher net income after adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities, partially offset by $ 4.0 million due to higher cash used for working capital in the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017 .

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Investing activities
Cash flow used in investing activities related to the following capital expenditures for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 : 

									
 	 	Six months ended June 30,	
( in thousands )	 	2018	 	2017	
New corporate-owned stores and corporate-owned stores not yet opened	 	$	2,458		 	$	—		
Existing corporate-owned stores	 	4,090		 	8,297		
Information systems	 	1,516		 	384		
Corporate and all other	 	72		 	5,446		
Total capital expenditures	 	$	8,136		 	$	14,127		
 
For the six months ended June 30, 2018 , net cash used in investing activities was $36.5 million compared to $14.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017 , an increase of $22.4 million, and was primarily related to the acquisition of six franchisee-owned stores on January 1, 2018 for $28.5 million, partially offset by $6.0 million lower cash used for additions to property, plant and equipment.

Financing activities
For the six months ended June 30, 2018 , net cash used in financing activities was $6.9 million compared to $10.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017 , a decrease of $4.1 million. Continuing LLC Owner distributions were $3.5 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $5.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2017 . The six months ended June 30, 2017 included $1.3 million of expenditures on debt-related costs in connection with the May 2017 amendment to our credit facility.
Credit facility
On August 1, 2018, Planet Fitness Master Issuer, LLC (the “Master Issuer”), a limited-purpose, bankruptcy remote, wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of Pla-Fit Holdings, LLC, entered into a base indenture and a related supplemental indenture (collectively, the “Indenture”) under which the Master Issuer may issue multiple series of notes. On the same date, the Master Issuer issued Series 2018-1 4.262% Fixed Rate Senior Secured Notes, Class A-2-I (the “Class A-2-I Notes”) with an initial principal amount of $575 million and Series 2018-1 4.666% Fixed Rate Senior Secured Notes, Class A-2-II (the “Class A-2-II Notes” and, together with the Class A-2-I Notes, the “Class A-2 Notes”) with an initial principal amount of $625 million. In connection with the issuance of the Class A-2 Notes, the Master Issuer also entered into a revolving financing facility that allows for the issuance of up to $75 million in Series 2018-1 Variable Funding Senior Notes, Class A-1 (the “ Variable Funding Notes ”), and certain letters of credit, all of which is currently undrawn. The Notes were issued in a securitization transaction pursuant to which most of the Company’s domestic revenue-generating assets, consisting principally of franchise-related agreements, certain corporate-owned store assets, equipment supply agreements and intellectual property and license agreements for the use of intellectual property, are held by the Master Issuer and certain other limited-purpose, bankruptcy remote, wholly-owned indirect subsidiaries of the Company that act as guarantors of the Notes and that have pledged substantially all of their assets to secure the Notes.

The legal final maturity date of the Class A-2 Notes is in August 2048, but it is anticipated that, unless earlier prepaid to the extent permitted under the Indenture, the Class A-2-I Notes will be repaid in August 2022 and the Class A-2-II Notes will be repaid in August 2025.

A portion of the proceeds of the Notes was used to repay the remaining $705.9 million of principal outstanding on the existing senior secured credit facility. The additional proceeds, net of transaction costs, are being used for general corporate purposes, and may include a return of capital to the Company’s shareholders.
As of June 30, 2018 , we were in compliance with our existing senior secured credit facility financial covenant with a leverage ratio of 3.1 to 1.0 which was calculated for the 12 months ended June 30, 2018 based upon certain adjustments to EBITDA, as provided for under the terms of our senior secured credit facility. For further details about our existing senior secured credit facility, please refer to our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

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Share repurchase program
On August 9, 2018, we announced that our board of directors approved an increase to the total amount of the share repurchase program to $500 million. The timing of the purchases and the amount of stock repurchased is subject to the Company’s discretion and will depend on market and business conditions, the Company’s general working capital needs, stock price, applicable legal requirements and other factors. Our ability to repurchase shares at any particular time is also subject to the terms of the indenture governing our outstanding notes. Purchases may be effected through one or more open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions, transactions structured through investment banking institutions, or a combination of the foregoing. Planet Fitness is not obligated under the program to acquire any particular amount of stock and can suspend or terminate the program at any time.
Off-balance sheet arrangements
As of June 30, 2018 , our off-balance sheet arrangements consisted of operating leases and certain guarantees. In a limited number of cases, we have guaranteed certain leases and debt agreements of entities related through common ownership. These guarantees relate to leases for operating space, equipment and other operating costs of franchises operated by the related entities. Our maximum total commitment under these agreements is approximately $ 0.9 million and would only require payment upon default by the primary obligor. The estimated fair value of these guarantees at June 30, 2018 was not material, and no accrual has been recorded for our potential obligation under these arrangements.
Critical accounting policies and use of estimates
There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and use of estimates from those described under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual Report.  
 
ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk
Interest rate risk
Prior to the securitization and refinancing transactions referred to in Note 16 to our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we were exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates on our senior secured credit facility, which was subject to interest at variable rates and had a U.S. dollar LIBOR floor of 0.75% in respect of the term loans. As of June 30, 2018 , we had outstanding borrowings of $ 705.9 million, and an increase in the effective interest rate applied to those borrowings of 100 basis points would result in a $ 7.1 million increase in pre-tax interest expense on an annualized basis. We manage our interest rate risk through normal operating and financing activities and, when determined appropriate, through the use of derivative financial instruments. In connection with the securitization and refinancing transactions referred to in Note 16, we repaid in full our senior secured credit facilities.
Foreign exchange risk
We are exposed to fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. and Canadian dollar, which is the functional currency of our Canadian entities. Our sales, costs and expenses of our Canadian subsidiaries, when translated into U.S. dollars, can fluctuate due to exchange rate movement. As of June 30, 2018 , a 10% increase or decrease in the exchange rate of the U.S. and Canadian dollar would increase or decrease net income by a negligible amount.
Inflation risk
Although we do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our income from continuing operations, we have a substantial number of hourly employees in our corporate-owned stores that are paid wage rates at or based on the applicable federal or state minimum wage. Any increases in these minimum wages will subsequently increase our labor costs. We may or may not be able to offset cost increases in the future.

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ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.
Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of June 30, 2018 , our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits with the Securities and Exchange Commission is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in internal control over financial reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II-OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings
We are currently involved in various claims and legal actions that arise in the ordinary course of business, most of which are covered by insurance. We do not believe that the ultimate resolution of these actions will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity or capital resources nor do we believe that there is a reasonable possibility that we will incur material loss as a result of such actions. However, a significant increase in the number of these claims or an increase in amounts owing under successful claims could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors.
The following risk factors, which have been updated to reflect the refinancing of our existing senior secured credit facilities with a new financing facility, should be read in conjunction with the risk factors previously disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.
The Company and certain of its subsidiaries are subject to various restrictions, and substantially all of the assets of certain subsidiaries are security, under the terms of a securitization transaction that was completed on August 1, 2018.
On August 1, 2018, Planet Fitness Master Issuer LLC (the “Master Issuer”), a limited-purpose, bankruptcy-remote, indirect subsidiary of the Company, entered into a base indenture and a related supplemental indenture (collectively, the “Indenture”) under which the Master Issuer issued $575 million in aggregate principal amount of Series 2018-1 4.262% Fixed Rate Senior Secured Notes, Class A-2-I (the “Class A-2-I Notes”) and $625 million in aggregate principal amount of Series 2018-1 4.666% Fixed Rate Senior Secured Notes, Class A-2-II (the “Class A-2-II Notes” and together with the Class A-2-I Notes, the “Class A-2 Notes”) in an offering exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. In connection with the issuance of the Class A-2 Notes, the Master Issuer also entered into a revolving financing facility that allows for the issuance of up to $75 million in Series 2018-1 Variable Funding Senior Notes, Class A-1 (the “Variable Funding Notes”), and certain letters of credit. The Class A-2 Notes and the Variable Funding Notes are referred to collectively as the “Notes.”
The Notes were issued in a securitization transaction pursuant to which substantially all of the Company’s revenue-generating assets in the United States are held by the Master Issuer and certain other limited-purpose, bankruptcy remote, wholly-owned direct and indirect subsidiaries of the Master Issuer that act as guarantors of the Notes and that have pledged substantially all of their assets to secure the Notes.
The Notes are subject to a series of covenants and restrictions customary for transactions of this type, including (i) that the Master Issuer maintains specified reserve accounts to be used to make required payments in respect of the Notes, (ii) provisions relating to optional and mandatory prepayments and the related payment of specified amounts, including specified make-whole payments in the case of the Class A-2 Notes under certain circumstances, (iii) certain indemnification payments in the event, among other things, the transfers of the assets pledged as collateral for the Notes are in stated ways defective or ineffective and (iv) covenants relating to recordkeeping, access to information and similar matters. The Notes are also subject to customary rapid amortization events provided for in the Indenture, including events tied to failure to maintain a stated debt service coverage ratio, the sum of system-wide sales being below certain levels on certain measurement dates, certain manager termination events (including in certain cases a change of control of Planet Fitness Holdings, LLC), an event of default and the failure to repay or refinance the Notes on the applicable anticipated repayment date. The Notes are also subject to certain customary events of default, including events relating to non-payment of required interest, principal or other amounts due on or with respect to the Notes, failure to comply with covenants within certain time frames, certain bankruptcy events, breaches of specified representations and warranties, failure of security interests to be effective and certain judgments.
In the event that a rapid amortization event occurs under the Indenture (including, without limitation, upon an event of default under the Indenture or the failure to repay the securitized debt at the end of the applicable term), the funds available to the Company would be reduced or eliminated, which would in turn reduce our ability to operate or grow our business. If the Company’s subsidiaries are not able to generate sufficient cash flow to service their debt obligations, they may need to refinance or restructure debt, sell assets, reduce or delay capital investments, or seek to raise additional capital. If the Company’s subsidiaries are unable to implement one or more of these alternatives, they may not be able to meet debt payment and other obligations.

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The Company has a significant amount of debt outstanding. Such indebtedness, along with the other contractual commitments of its subsidiaries, could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as the ability of certain of the Company’s subsidiaries to meet debt payment obligations.
After giving effect to the closing of the securitization transactions, the Master Issuer has $1.2 billion of outstanding debt. Additionally, the Master Issuer will have issued the Series 2018-1 Class A-1 Notes, which will allow the Master Issuer to borrow amounts from time to time on a revolving basis, up to an aggregate principal amount of $75 million.
This level of debt could have significant consequences on the Company’s future operations, including:
		
•	resulting in an event of default if the Company’s subsidiaries fail to comply with the financial and other restrictive covenants contained in debt agreements, which event of default could result in all of the Company’s subsidiaries’ debt becoming immediately due and payable;	
		
•	reducing the availability of the Company’s cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes, and limiting the Company’s ability to obtain additional financing for these purposes;	
		
•	limiting the Company’s flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, and increasing its vulnerability to, changes in the Company’s business, the industry in which it operates and the general economy;	
		
•	placing the Company at a competitive disadvantage compared to its competitors that are less leveraged; and	
		
•	subjecting the Company to the risk of increased sensitivity to interest rate increases on indebtedness with variable interest rates.	
The ability to meet payment and other obligations under the debt instruments of the Company’s subsidiaries depends on our ability to generate significant cash flow in the future. This, to some extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative and regulatory factors, as well as other factors that are beyond the Company’s control. The Company cannot assure you that its business will generate cash flow from operations, or that future borrowings will be available to it under existing or any future credit facilities or otherwise, in an amount sufficient to enable its subsidiaries to meet our debt payment obligations and to fund other liquidity needs. If the Company’s subsidiaries are not able to generate sufficient cash flow to service our debt obligations, they may need to refinance or restructure debt, sell assets, reduce or delay capital investments, or seek to raise additional capital. If the Company’s subsidiaries are unable to implement one or more of these alternatives, they may not be able to meet debt payment and other obligations.
In addition, the Company may incur additional indebtedness in the future. If new debt or other liabilities are added to the Company’s current consolidated debt levels, the related risks that it now faces could intensify.
The securitization transaction documents impose certain restrictions on the activities of the Company and its subsidiaries.
The Indenture and the management agreement entered into between certain subsidiaries of the Company and the Indenture trustee (the “Management Agreement”) contain various covenants that limit the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ ability to engage in specified types of transactions. For example, the Indenture and the Management Agreement contain covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, the ability of certain subsidiaries to:
		
•	incur or guarantee additional indebtedness;	
		
•	sell certain assets;	
		
•	create or incur liens on certain assets to secure indebtedness; or	
		
•	consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets.	
As a result of these restrictions, the Company may not have adequate resources or flexibility to continue to manage the business and provide for growth of the Planet Fitness system, including product development and marketing for the Planet Fitness brand, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s future growth prospects, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.
 
ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
 
There were no unregistered sales of equity securities by the Company during the three months ended June 30, 2018 .
 
In connection with our IPO, we and the existing holders of Holdings Units entered into an exchange agreement under which they (or certain permitted transferees) have the right, from time to time and subject to the terms of the exchange agreement, to exchange their Holdings Units, together with a corresponding number of shares of Class B common stock, for shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis, subject to customary conversion rate adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends, reclassifications and other similar transactions. As an existing holder of Holdings Units exchanges Holdings Units for shares of Class A common stock, the number of Holdings Units held by Planet Fitness, Inc. is correspondingly increased, and a corresponding number of shares of Class B common stock are cancelled.

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Table of Contents

ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
None.
 
ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
None.
 
ITEM 5. Other Information.
None.
 
ITEM 6. Exhibits

													
 	 	 	 	Description of Exhibit Incorporated	
 	 	 	 	Herein by Reference	
Exhibit	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Exhibit	 	Filed	
Number	 	Exhibit Description	 	Form	 	File No.	 	Filing Date	 	Number	 	Herewith	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
31.1	 	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	X	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
31.2	 	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	X	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
32.1	 	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	X	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
32.2	 	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	X	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
101	 	Interactive Data Files pursuant to Rule 405 of regulation S-T (XBRL)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	X	

50

Table of Contents

Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	
					
 	 	 	 	Planet Fitness, Inc.	
 	 	 	 	(Registrant)	
 	 	 	
Date: August 9, 2018	 	 	 	 
/s/ Dorvin Lively	
 	 	 	 	Dorvin Lively	
 	 	 	 	President and Chief Financial Officer
(On behalf of the Registrant and as Principal Financial Officer)	

51

Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION OF PERIODIC REPORT UNDER SECTION 302 OF
THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Chris Rondeau, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Planet Fitness, Inc. (the “registrant”);
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: August 9, 2018

	
		
/s/ Chris Rondeau	 	
Chris Rondeau	 	
Chief Executive Officer	 	
(Principal Executive Officer)	 	

Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION OF PERIODIC REPORT UNDER SECTION 302 OF
THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Dorvin Lively, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Planet Fitness, Inc. (the “registrant”);
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: August 9, 2018

	
		
/s/ Dorvin Lively	 	
Dorvin Lively	 	
President and Chief Financial Officer	 	
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	 	

Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the quarterly report of Planet Fitness, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2018 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Chris Rondeau, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
		
•	The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and	
		
•	The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company for the periods presented therein.	
Date: August 9, 2018

	
		
/s/ Chris Rondeau	 	
Chris Rondeau	 	
Chief Executive Officer	 	
(Principal Executive Officer)	 	

Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the quarterly report of Planet Fitness, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2018 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Dorvin Lively, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
		
•	The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and	
		
•	The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company for the periods presented therein.	
Date: August 9, 2018

	
		
/s/ Dorvin Lively	 	
Dorvin Lively	 	
President and Chief Financial Officer	 	
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)