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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

	

FORM 10-Q

	
 	
(Mark One)                    

		
ý	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017
OR

		
o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission file no: 001-37904

	
 	
Advanced Disposal Services, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

	

	
			
Delaware	 	90-0875845	
(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation)	 	(IRS Employer
Identification No.)	
90 Fort Wade Road
Ponte Vedra, Florida 32081
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (904) 737-7900

	

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ý      No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ý     No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): 

							
Large accelerated filer	 	¨	  	Accelerated filer	 	¨	
 	 	 	 	
Non-accelerated filer	 	ý   (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	  	Smaller reporting company	 	¨	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	Emerging growth company	 	¨	
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes   ¨     No   ý
The number of shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value, of the registrant outstanding at October 23, 2017 was 88,468,477 shares.

	

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. federal securities laws. All statements other than statements of historical facts in this document, including, without limitation, those regarding our business strategy, financial position, results of operations, plans, prospects and objectives of management for future operations (including development plans and objectives relating to our activities), are forward-looking statements. Many, but not all, of these statements can be found by looking for words like “expect,” “anticipate,” “goal,” “project,” “plan,” “believe,” “seek,” “will,” “may,” “forecast,” “estimate,” “intend” and “future” and similar words. Statements that address activities, events or developments that we intend, expect or believe may occur in the future are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and are subject to safe harbor created by those sections. Forward-looking statements do not guarantee future performance and may involve risks, uncertainties and other factors which could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from the future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied in those forward-looking statements.

There are a number of risks, uncertainties and other important factors, many of which are beyond our control, which could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this report. Such risks, uncertainties and factors include those set forth in "Risk Factors" in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K and our 2017 Second Quarter Report on Form 10-Q.

Examples of these risks, uncertainties and other factors include, but are not limited to:

•	our ability to achieve future profitability will depend on us executing our strategy and controlling costs;	

•	future results may be impacted by the expiration of net operating losses (NOLs);	

•	we operate in a highly competitive industry and the inability to compete effectively with larger and better capitalized companies and governmental service providers;	

•	our results are vulnerable to economic conditions;	

•	we may lose contracts through competitive bidding, early termination or governmental action;	

•	some of our customers, including governmental entities, have suffered financial difficulties affecting their credit risk, which could negatively impact our operating results;	

•	our financial and operating performance may be affected by the inability in some instances to renew or expand existing landfill permits or acquire new landfills. Further, the cost of operation and/or future construction of our existing landfills may become economically unfeasible causing us to abandon or cease operations;	

•	we could be precluded from maintaining permits or entering into certain contracts if we are unable to obtain sufficient third-party financial assurance or adequate insurance coverage;	

•	our accruals for our landfill site closure, post-closure and contamination related costs may be inadequate;	

•	our cash flow may not be sufficient to finance our high level of capital expenditures;	

•	our acquisitions, including our ability to integrate acquired businesses, or that the acquired businesses may have unexpected risks or liabilities;	

•	the seasonal nature of our business and "event-driven" waste projects that could cause our results to fluctuate;	

•	we may be subject in the normal course of business to judicial, administrative or other third-party proceedings that could interrupt or limit our operations, result in adverse judgments, settlements or fines and create negative publicity;	

•	fuel supply and prices may fluctuate significantly and we may not be able to pass on cost increases to our customers;	

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•	fluctuations in the prices of commodities may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows;	

•	increases in labor and disposal costs and related transportation costs could adversely impact our financial results;	

•	efforts by labor unions could divert management attention and adversely affect operating results;	

•	we depend significantly on the services of the members of our senior, regional and local management teams, and the departure of any of those persons could cause our operating results to suffer;	

•	we are increasingly dependent on technology in our operations and, if our technology fails, our business could be adversely affected;	

•	a cybersecurity incident could negatively impact our business and our relationships with customers;	

•	operational and safety risks, including the risk of personal injury to employees and others;	

•	we are subject to substantial governmental regulation and failure to comply with these requirements, as well as enforcement actions and litigation arising from an actual or perceived breach of such requirements, could subject us to fines, penalties and judgments, and impose limits on our ability to operate and expand;	

•	our operations being subject to environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, as well as contractual obligations that may result in significant liabilities;	

•	future changes in laws or renewed enforcement of laws regulating the flow of solid waste in interstate commerce could adversely affect our operating results;	

•	fundamental change in the waste management industry as traditional waste streams are increasingly viewed as renewable resources and changes in laws and environmental policies may limit the items that enter the waste stream, any of which may adversely impact volumes and tipping fees at our landfills. Alternatives to landfill disposal may cause our revenues and operating results to decline;	

•	risks associated with our substantial indebtedness and working capital deficit;	

•	risks associated with our ability to implement our growth strategy as and when planned; and	

•	the other risks described in the "Risk Factors" section of our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K and our 2017 Second Quarter Report on Form 10-Q.	
The above examples are not exhaustive and new risks may emerge from time to time. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Such forward-looking statements are based on our current beliefs, assumptions, expectations, estimates and projections regarding our present and future business strategies and the environment in which we will operate in the future. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. We expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statement contained herein to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto or any change of events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement was based.

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Advanced Disposal Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Form 10-Q
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2017
Table of Contents

	

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION	 	
 	 	 	
Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)	5	
 	 	 	
 	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	5	
 	 	 	
 	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	6	
 	 	 	
 	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	7	
 	 	 	
 	Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity	8	
 	 	 	
 	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	9	
 	 	 	
 	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	10	
 	 	 	
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20	
 	 	 	
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	39	
 	 	 	
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	39	
 	 	
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION	 	
 	 	 	
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	40	
 	 	 	
Item 1a.	Risk Factors	40	
 	 	 	
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	40	
 	 	 	
Item 3.	Defaults upon Senior Securities	40	
 	 	 	
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	40	
 	 	 	
Item 5.	Other Information	40	
 	 	 	
Item 6.	Exhibits	41	
 	 	
Signature	 	

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Advanced Disposal Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited)

	
								
(in millions, except share data)	September 30,
2017	 	December 31,
2016	
Assets	 	 	 	
Current assets	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	$	7.2		 	$	1.2		
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $5.0 and $4.0, respectively	205.2		 	183.2		
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	30.3		 	30.3		
Total current assets	242.7		 	214.7		
Other assets	21.3		 	23.3		
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $1,301.1 and $1,163.0, respectively	1,737.4		 	1,633.4		
Goodwill	1,204.9		 	1,173.9		
Other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $237.4 and $210.7, respectively	300.3		 	324.6		
Total assets	$	3,506.6		 	$	3,369.9		
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	 	 	 	
Current liabilities	 	 	 	
Accounts payable	$	92.4		 	$	86.5		
Accrued expenses	120.7		 	109.8		
Deferred revenue	66.9		 	62.5		
Current maturities of landfill retirement obligations	30.1		 	29.3		
Current maturities of long-term debt	74.7		 	36.5		
Total current liabilities	384.8		 	324.6		
Other long-term liabilities	56.6		 	54.2		
Long-term debt, less current maturities	1,892.8		 	1,887.0		
Accrued landfill retirement obligations, less current maturities	198.8		 	161.8		
Deferred income taxes	133.3		 	112.8		
Total liabilities	2,666.3		 	2,540.4		
Commitments and contingencies		 		
Equity	 	 	 	
Common stock: $.01 par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized, 88,439,597 and 88,034,813 shares outstanding, respectively	0.9		 	0.8		
Additional paid-in capital	1,484.7		 	1,470.3		
Accumulated deficit	(645.3	)	 	(641.6	)	
Treasury stock at cost, 2,274 and 0 shares, respectively	—			—		
Total stockholders' equity	840.3		 	829.5		
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	3,506.6		 	$	3,369.9		
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Advanced Disposal Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)

	
																
(in millions, except share and per share data)	Three Months Ended September 30,	 	Nine Months Ended September 30,	
 	2017	 	2016	 	2017	 	2016	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Service revenues	$	392.7		 	$	360.6		 	$	1,123.2		 	$	1,052.6		
Operating costs and expenses	 	 	 	 		 	 	
Operating	248.0		 	220.3		 	717.1		 	652.6		
Selling, general and administrative	41.8		 	35.6		 	127.4		 	119.7		
Depreciation and amortization	68.9		 	64.0		 	197.9		 	189.4		
Acquisition and development costs	0.4		 	—		 	1.2		 	0.2		
Loss on disposal of assets and asset impairments	0.5		 	1.1		 	11.1		 	1.2		
Restructuring charges	3.4		 	—		 	3.4		 	0.8		
Total operating costs and expenses	363.0		 	321.0		 	1,058.1		 	963.9		
Operating income	29.7		 	39.6		 	65.1		 	88.7		
Other (expense) income	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest expense	(24.1	)	 	(34.1	)	 	(69.7	)	 	(102.7	)	
Other income (expense), net	1.3		 	0.5		 	(0.5	)	 	0.9		
Total other expense	(22.8	)	 	(33.6	)	 	(70.2	)	 	(101.8	)	
Income (loss) before income taxes	6.9		 	6.0		 	(5.1	)	 	(13.1	)	
Income tax expense (benefit)	3.4		 	2.2		 	(1.4	)	 	(2.8	)	
              Net income (loss)	$	3.5		 	$	3.8		 	$	(3.7	)	 	$	(10.3	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders per share	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic income (loss) per share	$	0.04		 	$	0.06		 	$	(0.04	)	 	$	(0.16	)	
Diluted income (loss) per share	$	0.04		 	$	0.06		 	$	(0.04	)	 	$	(0.16	)	
Basic average shares outstanding	88,398,924		 	64,493,536		 	88,271,406		 	64,493,536		
Diluted average shares outstanding	89,083,558		 	64,942,500		 	88,271,406		 	64,493,536		
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Advanced Disposal Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(Unaudited)

	
																
(in millions)	Three Months Ended September 30,	 	Nine Months Ended September 30,	
 	2017	 	2016	 	2017	 	2016	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income (loss)	$	3.5		 	$	3.8		 	$	(3.7	)	 	$	(10.3	)	
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	3.5		 	$	3.8		 	$	(3.7	)	 	$	(10.3	)	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Advanced Disposal Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity
(Unaudited)

																										
					Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Deficit	 	 	 	 		Total Stockholders' Equity	
(in millions, except share data)	Common Stock					 	Treasury Stock			
 	Shares		Amount					 	Shares		Amount			
												 									
Balance at December 31, 2016	88,034,813			$	0.8			$	1,470.3			$	(641.6	)	 	—			$	—			$	829.5		
Net loss	—			—			—			(3.7	)	 	—			—			(3.7	)	
Stock-based compensation	—			—			8.3			—		 	—			—			8.3		
Stock option exercises and other	404,784			0.1			6.1			—		 	2,274			—			6.2		
Balance at September 30, 2017	88,439,597			$	0.9			$	1,484.7			$	(645.3	)	 	2,274			$	—			$	840.3		

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Advanced Disposal Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)

								
(in millions)	Nine Months Ended September 30,	
 	2017		2016	
Cash flows from operating activities				
Net loss	$	(3.7	)		$	(10.3	)	
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities				
Depreciation and amortization	197.9			189.4		
Change in fair value of derivative instruments	1.7			(10.5	)	
Amortization of interest rate cap premium	—			0.3		
Amortization of debt issuance costs and original issue discount	4.8			14.6		
Accretion on landfill retirement obligations	11.1			9.8		
Other accretion and amortization	2.9			1.4		
Provision for doubtful accounts	3.6			2.4		
Loss on disposition of property and equipment	1.3			2.8		
Impairment of assets	13.0			—		
Gain on disposition of businesses	(2.8	)		(1.6	)	
Stock based compensation	8.3			4.0		
Deferred tax benefit	(2.7	)		(4.8	)	
Earnings in equity investee	(1.2	)		(1.3	)	
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of businesses acquired				
Increase in accounts receivable	(22.0	)		(3.8	)	
Decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets	1.5			7.5		
Decrease (increase) in other assets	0.2			(0.4	)	
Increase in accounts payable	9.9			0.1		
Increase in accrued expenses and other long term liabilities	6.8			7.7		
Increase (decrease) in unearned revenue	1.1			(2.5	)	
Capping, closure and post-closure obligations	(8.3	)		(13.1	)	
Assumption of long term care and closure reserve	24.0			—		
Net cash provided by operating activities	247.4			191.7		
Cash flows from investing activities				
Purchases of property and equipment and landfill construction and development	(140.5	)		(124.2	)	
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	1.8			2.2		
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired	(112.2	)		(5.3	)	
Proceeds from sale of businesses	8.7			2.4		
Net cash used in investing activities	(242.2	)		(124.9	)	
Cash flows from financing activities				
Proceeds from borrowings on debt instruments	195.0			102.0		
Repayment on debt instruments, including capital leases	(200.3	)		(149.0	)	
Proceeds from stock option exercises	6.1			—		
Return of capital to former parent	—			(19.9	)	
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	0.8			(66.9	)	
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	6.0			(0.1	)	
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	1.2			0.6		
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	7.2			$	0.5		

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Advanced Disposal Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share data)

		
1.	Business Operations	
Advanced Disposal Services, Inc. together with its consolidated subsidiaries, as a consolidated entity, is a nonhazardous solid waste services company providing collection, transfer, recycling and disposal services to customers in the South, Midwest and Eastern regions of the United States.
The Company manages and evaluates its principal operations through three reportable operating segments on a regional basis. Those operating segments are the South, East and Midwest regions which provide collection, transfer, recycling and disposal services. Additional information related to segments can be found in Note 9.
Thirteen acquisitions were completed during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 for aggregate consideration consisting of a cash purchase price, net of cash acquired, of $112.2 and notes payable of $4.4 subject to net working capital adjustments and other commitments, which are expected to be completed within approximately one year. The Company assumed approximately $3.9 in closure and post-closure liabilities associated with the acquisitions. Seven acquisitions were completed during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 for a cash purchase price of $5.2 and notes payable of $0.2 . The results of operations of each acquisition are included in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations subsequent to the closing date of each acquisition. The Company is still reviewing information surrounding property and equipment, intangible assets, current liabilities and long-term liabilities related to acquisitions completed subsequent to January 1, 2017. See Note 11, Acquisitions, to the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further details on acquisitions completed during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 .
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 , the Company entered into an Asset Transfer and Liability Assumption Agreement with BFI Waste Systems of North America, LLC. The Company received a cash payment of $24.0 which was recorded as an operating cash flow. In exchange for this payment, the Company assumed certain post-closure liabilities of a closed portion of a landfill and became responsible for expenditures related to a gas infrastructure system. The present value of the assumed post-closure liabilities and expenditures related to the gas infrastructure system over the life of the landfill approximate the amount of the cash payment. The payments related to the assumed post-closure liabilities and expenditures related to the gas infrastructure system will be made in future periods.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 , the Company divested of its collection services operation in Charlotte, North Carolina for consideration received of $8.7 . A $1.4 gain on the sale of that business is included in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 .

2.	Basis of Presentation	
The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include its wholly-owned subsidiaries and their respective subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2017 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 are unaudited. In the opinion of management, these condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, which, unless otherwise disclosed, are of a normal recurring nature, necessary for a fair statement of the balance sheet, results of operations, comprehensive income (loss), cash flows, and changes in equity for the periods presented. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire year. The financial statements presented herein should be read in conjunction with the financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 .
In conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, the Company uses estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company must make these estimates and assumptions because certain information that it uses is dependent on future events, cannot be calculated with a high degree of precision from data available or simply cannot be readily calculated based on generally accepted methodologies. In preparing the Company's financial statements, the more subjective areas that deal with the greatest amount of uncertainty relate to: accounting for long-lived assets, including recoverability; landfill development costs, final capping, closure and post-closure costs; valuation allowances for accounts receivable and deferred tax assets; liabilities for potential litigation, claims and assessments; liabilities for environmental remediation; stock compensation; accounting for goodwill and intangible asset impairments; deferred taxes; uncertain tax positions; self-insurance reserves; and estimates of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in any acquisition. Actual results could differ materially from the estimates and assumptions that the Company uses in preparation of its financial statements.
Intangible Asset Impairment
The Company has non-integrated collection operations in South Carolina which operate in a competitor-owned disposal market that does not align with the Company's long-term market strategy of vertically integrated operations with Company-owned disposal sites or marketplace neutral disposal sites. During April of 2017, changes in facts and circumstances led the Company to evaluate the long-term market for South Carolina collection operations and re-evaluate the expected cash flows provided by this market. The Company determined it appropriate to impair certain intangible assets that were recorded as part of the purchase accounting when these entities were acquired. Based on the Company's evaluation, the Company recorded an intangible asset impairment of $13.0 during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
Restructuring Charges
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company incurred restructuring charges of $3.4 due to the elimination of positions at the Company's corporate office. Of the $3.4 of restructuring charges, $2.1 relates to the acceleration of stock based compensation expense and $1.3 relates to severance expense.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-04 which simplifies the goodwill impairment test by eliminating step 2 of the quantitative assessment. Under the guidance, when a quantitative assessment is required, an entity will perform a goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge will be measured as the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally, entities should consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. This amended guidance is effective for the Company on January 1, 2020 and early adoption of the standard is permitted. The Company's early adoption on January 1, 2017 did not have an impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01 which clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The amendments provide a screen to determine when a set of assets and activities is not a business. If the screen is not met, the amendments require further consideration of inputs, substantive processes and outputs to determine whether the transaction is an acquisition of a business. The new update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted. The Company's early adoption on January 1, 2017 did not have an impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, which will require lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets as a right-of-use asset with a corresponding lease liability, and lessors to recognize a net lease investment. Additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures will also be required to increase transparency and comparability among organizations. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of the standard is permitted; however, the Company does not expect to early adopt the ASU. Lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented. While the Company is still assessing the impact of this standard, it does not believe this standard will have a material impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which supersedes previous revenue recognition guidance. The new standard requires that a company recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Companies will need to use more judgment and estimates than under the guidance currently in effect, including estimating the amount of variable revenue to recognize over each identified performance obligation. Additional disclosures will be required to help users of financial statements understand the nature, amount and timing of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts. This standard will become effective for the Company beginning with the first quarter 2018 and can be adopted either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or as a cumulative effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. The Company will adopt the standard as a cumulative effect adjustment as of the date of adoption.

To assess the impact of the standard, the Company is using internal resources to lead the implementation efforts supplemented by external consultants. The Company's internal resources reviewed the amended guidance, attended training classes and consulted with other accounting professionals to assist with interpretation of the amended guidance. The Company completed an impact assessment of the guidance changes affecting the Company and developed an approach to address each change. The Company has completed the initial process of sampling contracts based on specifically identified contract characteristics and will update this process during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017 using financial data from the second half of fiscal 2017. The Company completed a review of its municipal contracts, commercial collection contracts, roll-off collection contracts and disposal contracts. The Company documented key contract terms for each of these contracts and evaluated areas impacted by the amended guidance. The Company will finalize these contract reviews and will complete contract reviews for less significant revenue streams during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017. Changes to processes and internal controls are being identified to meet the standard’s reporting and disclosure requirements. The Company continues to work through an analysis of the increased disclosures required by the new guidance.

The Company has determined that sales commissions previously recorded as expense in the income statement when earned will be recorded as a contract asset under the amended guidance. The Company is in process of determining the appropriate amortization period for these sales commissions. Based on our work to date, we believe we have identified all material contract types and costs that may be impacted by this amended guidance. We expect to quantify and disclose the expected impact, if any, of adopting this amended guidance in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2017.

3.	Landfill Liabilities	
Liabilities for final closure and post-closure costs for the year ended December 31, 2016 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 are shown in the table below:

				
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	193.7		
Increase in retirement obligation	9.3		
Accretion of closure and post-closure costs	13.0		
Change in estimate	(7.4	)	
Costs incurred	(17.5	)	
Balance at December 31, 2016	191.1		
Increase in retirement obligation	7.3		
Accretion of closure and post-closure costs	11.1		
Costs incurred	(8.5	)	
Assumption of long term care and closure reserves	27.9		
Balance at September 30, 2017	228.9		
Less: Current portion	(30.1	)	
	$	198.8		

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Table of Contents             
Advanced Disposal Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share data)

4. Earnings (Loss) Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic earnings (loss) per share and earnings (loss) per share, assuming dilution:

																	
	 	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,	
	 	2017		2016		2017		2016	
Numerator: (Dollars in millions)											
	Net income (loss)	$	3.5			$	3.8			$	(3.7	)		$	(10.3	)	
Denominator:									
	Average common shares outstanding	88,398,924			64,493,536			88,271,406			64,493,536		
	Other potentially dilutive common shares	684,634			448,964			—			—		
	Average common shares outstanding, assuming dilution	89,083,558			64,942,500			88,271,406			64,493,536		
													
	Basic net income (loss) per share	$	0.04			$	0.06			$	(0.04	)		$	(0.16	)	
	Diluted net income (loss) per share	$	0.04			$	0.06			$	(0.04	)		$	(0.16	)	
Basic net income (loss) per share is based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for each of the periods presented. Diluted net income (loss) per share is based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock equivalents outstanding adjusted for the effects of common stock that may be issued as a result of potentially dilutive instruments. The Company's potentially dilutive instruments are made up of equity awards, which include stock options, restricted stock awards, and performance stock awards.
Pursuant to the FASB’s Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 260, Earnings Per Share, the Company includes additional shares in the computation of diluted net income per share. The additional shares that would be included in diluted net income per share would represent the number of shares that would be issued if all of the above potentially dilutive instruments were converted into common stock. When calculating diluted net income per share, the ASC requires the Company to include the potential shares that would be outstanding if all outstanding stock options were exercised. This number is different from outstanding stock options because it is offset by shares the Company could repurchase using the proceeds from these hypothetical exercises to obtain the common stock equivalent.
Approximately 1.7 million and 1.4 million of outstanding stock awards were excluded from the diluted income per share calculation for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016 , respectively, because their effect was antidilutive. Approximately 3.4 million and 3.0 million of outstanding stock awards were excluded from the diluted loss per share calculation for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016 , respectively, because their effect was antidilutive.

11

		
5.	Debt	
The following table summarizes the major components of debt at each balance sheet date and provides the maturities and interest rate ranges of each major category of debt:

								
 	September 30,
2017	 	December 31,
2016	
Revolving line of credit with lenders (Revolver), interest at applicable rate plus margin, as defined ( 4.59%   a nd 4.49% at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively) due quarterly; balance due at maturity in November 2021	$	32.0		 	$	—		
Term loans (Term Loan B); quarterly payments of $3.75 commencing March 31, 2017 through September 30, 2023 with final payment due November 10, 2023; interest at an alternate base rate or adjusted LIBOR rate with a 0.75% floor plus an applicable margin	1,463.8		 	1,480.0		
Senior notes (Senior Notes) payable; interest at 5.625% payable in arrears semi-annually commencing May 15, 2017; maturing on November 15, 2024
	425.0		 	425.0		
Capital lease obligations, maturing through 2024	69.6		 	42.5		
Other debt	11.8		 	15.1		
 	2,002.2		 	1,962.6		
Less: Original issue discount and debt issuance costs classified as a reduction to long-term debt	(34.7	)	 	(39.1	)	
Less: Current portion	(74.7	)	 	(36.5	)	
 	$	1,892.8		 	$	1,887.0		

All borrowings under the Term Loan B and the Revolver are guaranteed by each of the Company's current and future domestic subsidiaries (which also guarantee the Senior Notes), subject to certain agreed-upon exemptions. All guarantors are jointly and severally and fully and unconditionally liable. There are no significant restrictions on the Company or any guarantor to obtain funds from its subsidiaries by dividend or loan.

Revolver and Letter of Credit Facilities

As of September 30, 2017 , the Company had an aggregate committed capacity of $300.0 , of which $100.0 was available for letters of credit under its credit facilities. The Company’s Revolver is its primary source of letter of credit capacity and expires in 2021. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had $32.0 and $0.0 of borrowings outstanding on the Revolver, respectively. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had an aggregate of $40.9 and $42.1 , respectively, of letters of credit outstanding under its credit facilities.

6. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
The following table summarizes the fair values of derivative instruments recorded in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets:

											
	 	Balance Sheet Location	 	September 30, 2017	 	December 31,
2016	
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments									
2016 Interest rate caps		Other long term assets		$	0.6			$	2.3		
Total derivatives				$	0.6			$	2.3		
The Company has not offset fair value of assets and liabilities recognized for its derivative instruments.
Interest Rate Caps
In December 2012, the Company entered into four interest rate cap agreements to hedge the risk of a rise in interest rates and associated cash flows on its variable rate debt. The interest rate caps expired in various tranches through fiscal 2016. The Company recorded a premium of $5.0 in other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and amortized the premium

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Table of Contents             
Advanced Disposal Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share data)

to interest expense based upon decreases in the time value of the caps. Amortization expense was approximately $0.0 and $0.3 for the three and nine months ending September 30, 2016 , respectively.
In May 2016, the Company entered into three interest rate cap agreements as economic hedges against the risk of a rise in interest rates and the associated cash flows on its variable rate debt. The Company is paying the $5.5 premium of the caps equally over eleven quarters beginning on March 31, 2017. The Company elected not to apply hedge accounting to these interest rate caps therefore changes in the fair value of the interest rate caps are recorded in other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company recorded a gain of $0.1 and $0.3 for the three months ending September 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively and a loss of $3.2 and $2.6 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Of the recorded losses, $0.5 and $1.5 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 , respectively, were realized losses. The notional value of the contracts aggregated were $800.0 as of September 30, 2017 and will remain constant through maturity in September 2019.
Commodity Futures Contracts
Prior to fiscal 2017, the company utilized fuel derivative instruments (commodity futures contracts) as economic hedges of the risk that fuel prices would fluctuate. The Company has used financial derivative instruments for both short-term and long-term time frames and utilized fixed price swap agreements to manage the identified risk. The Company does not currently have plans to enter into derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. All fuel derivative contracts entered into by the Company expired prior to fiscal 2017. Changes in the fair value and settlements of the fuel derivative instruments were recorded in other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company recorded a loss of $0.3 and a gain of $1.2 , respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 .

7. Income Taxes

The Company’s effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was 49.3% and 36.7% , respectively. The Company evaluates its effective income tax rate at each interim period and adjusts it accordingly as facts and circumstances warrant. The difference between income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate of 35% and reported income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was primarily due to the unfavorable impact of the change in recorded valuation allowance and permanently non-deductible expenses. The difference between income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate of 35% and reported income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily due to the unfavorable impact of permanently non-deductible expenses, interest related to previously recorded uncertain tax positions and the change in recorded valuation allowances.
The Company’s effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was 27.5% and 21.4% , respectively. The difference between income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate of 35% and reported income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was primarily due to the unfavorable impact of the change in recorded valuation allowance and permanently non-deductible expenses. The difference between income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate of 35% and reported income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily due to the unfavorable impact of the change of permanently non-deductible expenses and the change in recorded valuation allowance.

As of September 30, 2017 , the Company had $10.5 of liabilities associated with unrecognized tax benefits and related interest. These liabilities are primarily included as a component of other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet because the Company generally does not anticipate that settlement of the liabilities will require payment of cash within the next 12 months. The Company is not able to reasonably estimate when it would make any cash payments required to settle these liabilities, but the Company does not believe that the ultimate settlement of its obligations will materially affect its liquidity.

8.	Commitments and Contingencies	
Financial Instruments
The Company has obtained letters of credit, performance bonds and insurance policies for the performance of the following: landfill final capping, closure and post-closure requirements; certain collection, landfill and transfer station contracts; environmental remediation; and other obligations. Letters of credit are supported by the Company’s Revolver (Note 5).
The Company does not expect that any claims against or draws on these instruments would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company has not experienced any unmanageable difficulty in

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Table of Contents             
Advanced Disposal Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share data)

obtaining the required financial assurance instruments for its current operations. In an ongoing effort to mitigate risks of future cost increases and reductions in available capacity, the Company continues to evaluate various options to access cost-effective sources of financial assurance.
Insurance
The Company carries insurance coverage for protection of its assets and operations from certain risks including automobile liability, general liability, real and personal property, workers' compensation, directors' and officers' liability, pollution, legal liability and other coverages the Company believes are customary to the industry. The Company's exposure to loss for insurance claims is generally limited to the per incident deductible, or self-insured retention, under the related insurance policy. Its exposure, however, could increase if its insurers are unable to meet their commitments on a timely basis.
The Company has retained a significant portion of the risks related to its automobile, general liability, workers' compensation and health claims programs. For its self-insured retentions, the exposure for unpaid claims and associated expenses, including incurred but not reported losses, is based on an actuarial valuation and internal estimates. The accruals for these liabilities could be revised if future occurrences or loss development significantly differ from the Company's assumptions used. The Company does not expect the impact of any known casualty, property, environmental or other contingency to have a material impact on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
 
Litigation and Other Matters
In February 2009, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries were named as defendants in a purported class action suit in the Circuit Court of Macon County, Alabama. Similar class action complaints were brought against the Company and certain of its subsidiaries in 2011 in Duval County, Florida and in 2013 in Quitman County, Georgia and Barbour County, Alabama, and in 2014 in Chester County, Pennsylvania. The 2013 Georgia complaint was dismissed in March 2014. In late 2015 in Gwinnett County, Georgia, another purported class action suit was filed. The plaintiffs in those cases primarily allege that the defendants charged improper fees (fuel, administrative and environmental fees) that were in breach of the plaintiffs' service agreements with the Company and seek damages in an unspecified amount. The Company believes that it has meritorious defenses against these purported class actions, which it will vigorously pursue. Given the inherent uncertainties of litigation, including the early stage of these cases, the unknown size of any potential class, and legal and factual issues in dispute, the outcome of these cases cannot be predicted and a range of loss, if any, cannot currently be estimated.

In February 2017, a waste slide occurred in one cell at the Company’s Greentree Landfill in Kersey, Pennsylvania. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 , the Company recorded a charge in operating expenses of $2.4 and $7.8 , representing the Company’s current estimate of probable costs to relocate displaced material and restore infrastructure, net of estimated insurance recoveries; this amount could increase or decrease as a result of actual costs incurred to completion and insurance recoveries. The Company has incurred $0.8 and $4.7 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 , respectively.
The Company is subject to various other proceedings, lawsuits, disputes and claims and regulatory investigations arising in the ordinary course of its business. Many of these actions raise complex factual and legal issues and are subject to uncertainties. Actions filed against the Company include commercial, customer, and employment-related claims. The plaintiffs in some actions seek unspecified damages or injunctive relief, or both. These actions are in various procedural stages, and some are covered in part by insurance. Although the Company cannot predict the ultimate outcome and the range of loss cannot be currently estimated, the Company does not believe that the eventual outcome of any such action could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.     

Multiemployer Defined Benefit Pension Plans
Approximately 12.5% of the Company’s workforce is covered by collective bargaining agreements with various local unions across its operating regions. As a result of some of these agreements, certain of the Company’s subsidiaries are participating employers in a number of trustee-managed multiemployer, defined benefit pension plans for the affected employees. In connection with its ongoing renegotiation of various collective bargaining agreements, the Company may discuss and negotiate for the complete or partial withdrawal from one or more of these pension plans. A complete or partial withdrawal from a multiemployer pension plan may also occur if employees covered by a collective bargaining agreement vote to decertify a union from continuing to represent them. The Company is not aware of any such actions in connection with continuing

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Table of Contents             
Advanced Disposal Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share data)

operations. As a result of certain discontinued operations, the Company is potentially exposed to certain withdrawal liabilities. The Company does not believe that any future withdrawals, individually or in the aggregate, from the multiemployer plans to which it contributes could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition or liquidity. However, such withdrawals could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations for a particular reporting period, depending on the number of employees withdrawn in any future period and the financial condition of the multiemployer plan(s) at the time of such withdrawal(s).

Tax Matters

The Company has open tax years dating back to 2000 in certain jurisdictions. Prior to the acquisition of Veolia ES Solid Waste, Inc. in fiscal 2012, MW Star Holdings, Corp. (Veolia ES Solid Waste division) was part of a consolidated group and is still subject to IRS and state examinations dating back to 2004. Pursuant to the terms of the acquisition of Veolia ES Solid Waste, Inc., the Company is entitled to certain indemnifications for Veolia ES Solid Waste Division's pre-acquisition tax liabilities.
The Company maintains a liability for uncertain tax positions, the balance of which management believes is adequate. Results of audit assessments by taxing authorities are not currently expected to have a material adverse impact on the Company's results of operations or cash flows.

9. Segment and Related Information
The Company manages and evaluates its operations primarily through its South, East and Midwest regional segments. These three groups are presented below as the Company’s reportable segments. The Company’s three geographic operating segments provide collection, transfer, disposal and recycling services. The Company serves residential, commercial and industrial, and municipal customers throughout its operating segments. As disclosed in the Company's 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company reorganized its internal structure during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016 by moving two business units from the East segment to the South segment. Segment revenue, operating income and depreciation and amortization for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 have been reclassified to reflect these changes to the Company's operating segments. As a result, for the quarter ended September 30, 2016, $5.4 of segment revenue was reclassified from the East to the South, $0.6 of operating income was reclassified from the East to the South and $0.3 of depreciation and amortization was reclassified from the East to the South. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, $16.5 of segment revenue was reclassified from the East to the South, $2.4 of operating income was reclassified from the East to the South and $1.0 of depreciation and amortization was reclassified from the East to the South.

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Table of Contents             
Advanced Disposal Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share data)

Revenues, operating income/(loss) and depreciation and amortization for the Company's reportable segments for the periods indicated, are shown in the following tables:

												
 	Service
Revenues	 	Operating
Income
(Loss)	 	Depreciation
and
Amortization	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017	 	 	 	 	 	
South	$	145.5		 	$	22.8		 	$	20.3		
East	97.8		 	4.2		 	19.7		
Midwest	149.4		 	22.4		 	26.7		
Corporate	—		 	(19.7	)	 	2.2		
 	$	392.7		 	$	29.7		 	$	68.9		
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016	 	 	 	 	 	
South	$	131.8		 	$	22.4		 	$	18.8		
East	88.3		 	8.0		 	18.2		
Midwest	140.5		 	21.9		 	24.8		
Corporate	—		 	(12.7	)	 	2.2		
 	$	360.6		 	$	39.6		 	$	64.0		
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017	 	 	 	 	 	
South	420.6			69.1			59.1		
East	284.0			(3.7	)		57.4		
Midwest	418.6			54.2			74.5		
Corporate	—			(54.5	)		6.9		
 	$	1,123.2			$	65.1			$	197.9		
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016	 	 	 	 	 	
South	$	390.2		 	$	66.0		 	$	56.7		
East	261.7		 	19.0		 	54.1		
Midwest	400.7		 	53.8		 	72.3		
Corporate	—		 	(50.1	)	 	6.3		
 	$	1,052.6		 	$	88.7		 	$	189.4		
 
Fluctuations in the Company's operating results may be caused by many factors, including period-to-period changes in the relative contribution of revenue by each line of business and operating segment and by general economic conditions. In addition, its revenues and income from operations typically reflect seasonal patterns. The Company expects its operating results to vary seasonally, with revenues typically lowest in the first quarter, higher in the second and third quarters and lower in the fourth quarter than in the second and third quarters. This seasonality reflects the lower volume of solid waste generated during the late fall, winter and early spring in the East and Midwest segments because of decreased construction and demolition activities during winter months in these regions of the United States. In addition, some of the Company's operating costs may be higher in the winter months. Adverse winter weather conditions slow waste collection activities, resulting in higher labor and operational costs. Greater precipitation in the winter increases the weight of collected municipal solid waste, resulting in higher disposal costs, which are calculated on a per ton basis.
Additionally, certain destructive weather conditions that tend to occur during the second half of the year, such as hurricanes that most often impact the South region, can increase the Company’s revenues in the areas affected. While weather-related and other occurrences can boost revenues through additional work, the earnings generated can be moderated as a result of significant start-up costs and other factors, resulting in earnings at comparatively lower margins. These destructive weather conditions can

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Table of Contents             
Advanced Disposal Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share data)

result in higher fuel costs, higher labor costs, reduced municipal contract productivity and higher disposal costs in disposal neutral markets. Certain weather conditions, including severe winter storms, may result in the temporary suspension of the Company’s operations, which can significantly affect the operating results of the affected regions.

10. Fair Value Measurements
Assets and Liabilities Accounted for at Fair Value
In measuring fair values of assets and liabilities, the Company uses valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs (Level 1) and minimize the use of unobservable inputs (Level 3). The Company also uses market data or assumptions that it believes market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability, including assumptions about risk when appropriate. The carrying value for certain of the Company's financial instruments approximate fair value because of their short-term nature. The Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis include the following:

																								
 	 	 	Fair Value Measurement at September 30, 2017
Reporting Date Using	
 	Total	 	Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)	 	Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)	 	Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)	 	Total
Gains
(Losses)	 	Carrying
Value	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Recurring fair value measurements	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	$	7.2		 	$	7.2		 	$	—		 	$	—		 	$	—		 	$	7.2		
Interest rate caps - asset position	0.6		 	—		 	0.6		 	—		 	—		 	0.6		
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	7.8		 	$	7.2		 	$	0.6		 	$	—		 	$	—		 	$	7.8		
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2016
Reporting Date Using	
 	Total	 	Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)	 	Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)	 	Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)	 	Total
Gains
(Losses)	 	Carrying
Value	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Recurring fair value measurements	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1.2		 	$	1.2		 	$	—		 	$	—		 	$	—		 	$	1.2		
Interest rate caps - asset position	2.3			—			2.3			—			—			2.3		
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	3.5			$	1.2			$	2.3			$	—			$	—			$	3.5		
The fair value of the interest rate caps are determined using standard option valuation models with assumptions about interest rates based on those observed in underlying markets (Level 2 in fair value hierarchy).
Fair Value of Debt
The fair value of the Company’s debt (Level 2) is estimated using indirectly observable market inputs, except for the Revolver for which cost approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of the interest rate. Although the Company has determined the estimated fair value amounts using quoted market prices, considerable judgment is required in interpreting the information and in developing the estimated fair values. Therefore, these estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that the Company, or holders of the instruments, could realize in a current market exchange. The fair value estimates are based on information available as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively.

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Advanced Disposal Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share data)

The estimated fair value of the Company’s debt is as follows:

								
 	September 30,
2017	 	December 31,
2016	
Revolver	$	32.0			$	—		
Senior Notes	446.2			425.5		
Term Loan B	1,474.8			1,495.7		
	$	1,953.0			$	1,921.2		
The carrying value of the Company’s debt at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was $1,920.8 and $1,905.0 , respectively.

11. Acquisitions
In the ordinary course of business, the Company regularly evaluates and pursues acquisition opportunities that further enhance the Company's vertical integration strategy. Thirteen acquisitions were completed during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 for aggregate consideration consisting of a cash purchase price, net of cash acquired, of $112.2 and notes payable of $4.4 , subject to net working capital adjustments and other commitments, which are expected to be completed within approximately one year. The goodwill recognized of $31.9 represents long-term growth potential and the synergies from the combined operations of the acquired entities and the Company. The Company is still reviewing information surrounding property and equipment, intangible assets, current liabilities and long-term liabilities resulting from the acquisitions, which may result in changes to the Company’s preliminary purchase price allocation during subsequent periods. Transaction costs related to these acquisitions were not significant for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 . The results of operations of each acquisition are included in the consolidated statements of operations of the Company subsequent to the closing date of each acquisition.
 
The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired, net of cash acquired, year to date as of:

				
 	September 30, 2017	
Current assets	$	5.1		
Property and equipment	92.1		
Goodwill	31.9		
Other intangible assets	20.0		
Total assets acquired	149.1		
Current liabilities	5.5		
Accrued landfill retirement obligations	3.9		
Deferred tax liability	23.1		
Total liabilities assumed	32.5		
Net assets acquired	$	116.6		
The following table presents the allocation of the purchase price to other intangible assets:

				
 	September 30, 2017	
Customer lists and contracts	$	17.7		
Noncompete	2.2		
Other	0.1		
 	$	20.0		
The amount of goodwill recorded related to these acquisitions for the South Segment, East Segment, and Midwest Segment was $8.6 , $22.7 , and $0.6 , respectively. The amount of goodwill deductible for tax purposes related to these acquisitions is $2.4 .

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Table of Contents             
Advanced Disposal Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(in millions, except share data)

The weighted average life of other intangible assets in years is as follows:

		
Customer lists and contracts	17	
Noncompete	7	

12. Equity Method Investment

The Company uses the equity method to account for its 50% financial interest in Sanitation Services Company Limited. Summarized financial information for Sanitation Services Company Limited consists of the following:

								
(in millions)	Nine Months Ended September 30,	
	2017		2016	
Service revenue	$	9.1			$	10.0		
Operating income	$	2.4			$	2.6		
Income before income taxes	$	2.5			$	2.6		
Net income	$	2.5			$	2.6		

19

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
You should read the following discussion in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included under Item 1. In addition, you should refer to our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations appearing in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K. All dollar amounts are presented in millions, unless otherwise stated.
Overview
We are a leading integrated provider of non-hazardous solid waste collection, transfer, recycling and disposal services, operating primarily in secondary markets or under exclusive arrangements. We have a presence in 16 states across the Midwest, South and East regions of the United States, serving approximately 2.8 million residential and over 200,000 commercial and industrial (C&I) customers through our extensive network of 92 collection operations, 73 transfer stations, 22 owned or operated recycling facilities and 40 owned or operated landfills. We operate five landfill gas and renewable energy projects and have an additional 12 third party owned landfill gas and renewable energy projects. We also have post-closure responsibility for five closed landfills. We seek to drive financial performance in markets in which we own or operate a landfill or in certain disposal-neutral markets, where the landfill is owned by our municipal customer. In markets in which we own or operate a landfill, we aim to create and maintain vertically integrated operations through which we manage a majority of our customers' waste from the point of collection through the point of disposal, a process we refer to as internalization. By internalizing a majority of the waste in these markets, we are able to deliver high quality customer service while also ensuring a stable revenue stream and maximizing profitability and cash flow from operations. In disposal-neutral markets, we focus selectively on opportunities where we can negotiate exclusive arrangements with our municipal customers, facilitating highly efficient and profitable collection operations with lower capital requirements.
Geographically, we focus our business principally in secondary, or less densely populated non-urban, markets where the presence of large national providers is generally more limited. We also compete selectively in primary, or densely populated urban, markets where we can capitalize on opportunities for vertical integration through our high-quality transfer and disposal infrastructure and where we can benefit from highly efficient collection route density. We maintain an attractive mix of revenue from varying sources, including residential collections, C&I collections, landfill gas and special waste streams, and fees charged to third parties for disposal in our network of transfer stations and landfills.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth for the periods indicated our consolidated results of operations and the percentage relationship that certain items from our condensed consolidated financial statements bear to revenue (in millions and as a percentage of our revenue).

	
																												
 	Three Months Ended September 30,	 	Nine Months Ended September 30,	
 	2017	 	2016	 	2017	 	2016	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Service revenues	$	392.7		 	100.0	%	 	$	360.6		 	100.0	%	 	$	1,123.2		 	100.0	%	 	$	1,052.6		 	100.0	%	
Operating costs and expenses	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		 	 	 		 	 	
Operating	248.0		 	63.2	%	 	220.3		 	61.1	%	 	717.1		 	63.8	%	 	652.6		 	62.0	%	
Selling, general and administrative	41.8		 	10.6	%	 	35.6		 	9.9	%	 	127.4		 	11.3	%	 	119.7		 	11.4	%	
Depreciation and amortization	68.9		 	17.5	%	 	64.0		 	17.7	%	 	197.9		 	17.6	%	 	189.4		 	18.0	%	
Acquisition and development costs	0.4		 	0.1	%	 	—		 	—	%	 	1.2		 	0.1	%	 	0.2		 	—	%	
Loss on disposal of assets and asset impairments	0.5		 	0.1	%	 	1.1		 	0.3	%	 	11.1		 	1.0	%	 	1.2		 	0.1	%	
Restructuring charges	3.4		 	0.9	%	 	—		 	—	%	 	3.4		 	0.3	%	 	0.8		 	0.1	%	
Total operating costs and expenses	363.0		 	92.4	%	 	321.0		 	89.0	%	 	1,058.1		 	94.2	%	 	963.9		 	91.6	%	
Operating income	$	29.7		 	7.6	%	 	$	39.6		 	11.0	%	 	$	65.1		 	5.8	%	 	$	88.7		 	8.4	%	

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Three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 2016
Operating income decreased $9.9 or 25.0% to $29.7 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 . The decrease was due in part to the following:

•	As discussed in Note 2 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements, we recorded restructuring charges of $3.4 during the three months ended September 30, 2017 due to the elimination of positions at the corporate office. Of the $3.4 of restructuring charges, $2.1 relates to the acceleration of stock based compensation expense and $1.3 relates to severance expense;	
		
•	As discussed in Note 8 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements, we recorded an additional charge in operating expenses of $2.4 during the three months ended September 30, 2017 related to the Greentree landfill waste slide that occurred in the first quarter of fiscal 2017.	
Operating income, net of the items above, decreased $4.1 or 10.4% to $35.5 for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease was primarily the result of the following:

•	An increase in operating costs of $27.7 which includes the following: an increase in salary and wage expense of $6.0 due to merit increases, acquisition activity and higher workers' compensation cost; an increase in transfer and disposal costs of $4.7 due to higher disposal volumes, increased container weights and the mix of special waste project activity requiring third party trucking services; an increase in maintenance and repairs expense of $3.5 primarily due to acquisition activity; an increase in fuel expense of $2.8 due to the expiration of compressed natural gas ("CNG") credits and an increase in diesel fuel prices partially due to hurricane related supply disruptions; an increase in facility maintenance costs of $2.5 due to acquisition activity and site repairs at certain landfills; an increase in maintenance costs of $1.8 for landfill gas control, leachate and sulfate treatment; an increase in expenses of $1.0 to support an acquired aggregate and asphalt operation; an increase in franchise fees and taxes of $0.8 to support the increase in our disposal revenue; an increase in vehicle operating expense of $0.8 due to acquisition activity and hurricane related costs in the South segment; an increase in accretion expense of $0.5 due to the assumption of post-closure liabilities of a closed portion of a landfill during the first quarter of fiscal 2017; and an increase in healthcare costs of $0.4 due to an increase in the severity and frequency of medical claims;	
		
•	An increase in depreciation and amortization of $4.9 as a result of acquisition activity and higher disposal volumes;	
		
•	An increase in general and administrative expense which includes the following: an increase in salary and wage expense of $2.1 due to merit increases and higher bonus expense of $1.4; an increase in sales and marketing expense of $1.0 due to hiring additional sales representatives; and an increase in stock based compensation expense of $0.8 due to the impact of initial public offering related awards and a larger portion of our compensation structure shifting to stock based awards;	
The decrease in operating income for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was partially offset by the following:
		
•	An increase in service revenues of $32.1 as detailed further in the "Revenue" section below.	
Nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 2016
Operating income decreased $23.6 or 26.6% to $65.1 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease was due in part to the following:

•	As discussed in Note 2 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements, we recorded an intangible asset impairment charge of $13.0 during the nine months ended September 30, 2017;	

•	As discussed in Note 8 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements, we recorded charges in operating expenses of $7.8 related to the Greentree landfill waste slide that occurred in the first quarter of fiscal 2017;	

•	As discussed in Note 2 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements, we recorded restructuring charges of $3.4 during the three months ended September 30, 2017 due to the elimination of positions at the corporate office. Of the $3.4 of restructuring charges, $2.1 relates to the acceleration of stock based compensation expense and $1.3 relates to severance expense;	
Operating income, net of the items above, increased $0.6 or 0.7% to $89.3 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase was primarily the result of the following:

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•	An increase in service revenues of $70.6 as detailed further in the "Revenue" section below.	
The increase in revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was largely offset by the following:
		
•	An increase in operating costs of $56.7, net of the $7.8 in costs associated with the Greentree landfill waste slide, which includes the following: an increase in salary and wage expense of $10.9 due to merit increases, acquisition activity and higher workers' compensation cost; an increase in transfer and disposal costs of $12.8 to support the increase in our service revenue; an increase in fuel expense of $8.6 due to the expiration of CNG credits and an increase in diesel fuel prices partially due to hurricane related supply disruptions; an increase in maintenance and repairs expense of $6.1 primarily due to acquisition activity; an increase in maintenance costs of $4.5 for landfill gas control, leachate and sulfate treatment; an increase in facility maintenance costs of $3.6 due to acquisition activity and site repairs at certain landfills; an increase in healthcare costs of $2.2 due to an increase in the severity and frequency of medical claims; an increase in expenses of $2.1 to support an acquired aggregate and asphalt operation; an increase in franchise fees and taxes of $1.7 to support the increase in our service revenue; an increase in insurance expenses of $1.7 primarily due to higher automobile and property insurance costs; an increase in accretion expense of $1.3 due to the assumption of post-closure liabilities of a closed portion of a landfill during the first quarter of fiscal 2017; and an increase in vehicle operating expense of $1.1 due to acquisition activity and hurricane related costs in the South segment;	
		
•	An increase in depreciation and amortization expense of $8.5 as a result of acquisition activity and higher disposal volumes;	
		
•	An increase in stock based compensation expense of $3.9 due to the impact of initial public offering related awards and a larger portion of the Company's compensation structure shifting to stock based awards and an increase in sales and marketing expense of $2.8 due to hiring additional sales representatives.	
Revenue

Through our subsidiaries, we generate revenue primarily by providing collection and disposal services to commercial, industrial, municipal and residential customers. Our remaining revenue is generated from recycling, fuel and environmental fees, landfill gas-to-energy operations and other ancillary revenue-generating activities. Revenues from our collection operations consist of fees we receive from municipal, subscription, residential and C&I customers and are influenced by factors such as collection frequency, type of collection equipment furnished, type and volume or weight of the waste collected, distance to the recycling, transfer station or disposal facilities and our disposal costs. Standard C&I service agreements are typically three to five years, and we have historically maintained strong relationships with our C&I customers. Our municipal customer relationships are generally supported by exclusive contracts ranging from three to ten years in initial duration with subsequent renewal periods. Certain municipal contracts have annual price escalation clauses that are tied to changes in an underlying base index such as the consumer price index (CPI). We provide commercial front load and temporary and permanent rolloff service offerings to our commercial customers. While the majority of our rolloff services are provided to customers under long-term service agreements, we generally do not enter into written contracts with our temporary rolloff customers due to the relatively short-term nature of most construction and demolition (C&D) projects.

Our transfer stations and landfills generate revenue from disposal or tipping fees. Revenues from our landfill operations consist of fees which are generally based on the type and weight or volume of waste being disposed of at our disposal facilities. Fees charged at transfer stations are generally based on the weight or volume of waste deposited, taking into account our cost of loading, transporting and disposing of the solid waste at a disposal site. Recycling revenue consists of disposal or tipping fees and proceeds from the sale of recyclable commodities to third parties.

The amounts charged for collection, disposal, and recycling services may include fuel fees and environmental fees. Fuel fees and environmental fees are not designed to be specific to the direct costs and expenses to service an individual customer's account, but rather are designed to address and to help recover changes in our overall cost structure and to achieve an operating margin acceptable to us.

Other revenue is comprised of ancillary revenue-generating activities, such as trucking, landfill gas-to-energy operations at municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills, management of third-party owned landfills, customer service charges relating to overdue payments and customer administrative fees relating to customers who request paper copies of invoices rather than opting for electronic invoices.

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The following table sets forth our consolidated revenues by line of business for the periods indicated (in millions and as a percentage of total service revenues).

	
																												
 	Three Months Ended September 30,	 	Nine Months Ended September 30,	
 	2017	 	2016	 	2017	 	2016	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Collection	$	259.1		 	66.0	 %	 	$	247.7		 	68.7	 %	 	$	753.1		 	67.0	 %	 	$	734.0		 	69.7	 %	
Disposal	145.3		 	37.0	 %	 	137.3		 	38.1	 %	 	407.8		 	36.3	 %	 	391.3		 	37.2	 %	
Sale of recyclables	10.0		 	2.5	 %	 	6.6		 	1.8	 %	 	27.6		 	2.5	 %	 	16.3		 	1.5	 %	
Fuel fees and environmental fees	26.9		 	6.9	 %	 	24.7		 	6.8	 %	 	76.0		 	6.8	 %	 	64.6		 	6.1	 %	
Other revenue	28.0		 	7.1	 %	 	16.9		 	4.7	 %	 	78.8		 	7.0	 %	 	55.5		 	5.3	 %	
Intercompany eliminations	(76.6	)	 	(19.5	)%	 	(72.6	)	 	(20.1	)%	 	(220.1	)	 	(19.6	)%	 	(209.1	)	 	(19.9	)%	
Total service revenues	$	392.7		 	100.0	 %	 	$	360.6		 	100.0	 %	 	$	1,123.2		 	100.0	 %	 	$	1,052.6		 	100.0	 %	
The following table reflects changes in components of our revenue, as a percentage of total revenue, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

												
	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,	
	2017		2016		2017		2016	
Average yield	0.2	 %		2.3	 %		1.4	 %		2.0	 %	
Recycling	0.9	 %		0.2	 %		1.0	 %		0.1	 %	
Fuel fee revenue	0.2	 %		(0.6	)%		0.4	 %		(0.9	)%	
Total yield	1.3	 %		1.9	 %		2.8	 %		1.2	 %	
Organic volume	3.4	 %		(3.2	)%		0.8	 %		(1.2	)%	
Acquisitions	4.8	 %		1.7	 %		3.4	 %		1.9	 %	
Divestitures	(0.6	)%		(0.6	)%		(0.3	)%		(1.3	)%	
Total revenue growth	8.9	 %		(0.2	)%		6.7	 %		0.6	 %	
Average yield is defined as aggregate contribution of price changes excluding recycled commodities and fuel fee revenue.
During the three months ended September 30, 2017, we experienced the following changes in components of our revenue as compared to the same period in fiscal 2016:
		
•	Average yield increased revenue by 0.2% driven by higher price yield in our municipal residential collection business due to the positive impact of higher CPI contract resets partially offset by a reduction in open market price yield due to the impact of customer turnover in the Midwest segment and the mix of business with special waste volumes which generally are at a lower rate than other waste streams;	
		
•	Recycling revenue increased revenue by 0.9% due to an increase in recycling commodity prices;	
		
•	Fuel fee revenue increased revenue by 0.2%. These fees fluctuate in response to changes in prices for diesel fuel on which the surcharge is based and, consequently, any increase in fuel prices results in an increase in our revenue. Our fuel surcharge fees reset on a monthly basis therefore an increase in our fuel fee revenue is delayed in comparison to the increase in our fuel expense when diesel fuel prices increase;	
		
•	Organic volume increased revenue by 3.4% primarily due to an increase in MSW, C&D and special waste landfill disposal volumes, an increase in third party trucking revenue due to special waste project activity and an increase related to a volume commitment settlement associated with a landfill gas contract. Volumes in the commercial and rolloff collection businesses increased slightly but were offset by a reduction in residential volume as we continue to cycle through certain municipal contract losses. Organic volume was negatively impacted by one less work day in the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016;	
		
•	Acquisitions increased revenue by 4.8% due to our execution of acquisition opportunities that further enhance our vertical integration strategy;	
		
•	Divestitures decreased revenue by 0.6% due to our strategic decision to divest our non-integrated Charlotte collection operations in the second quarter of fiscal 2017.	

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During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we experienced the following changes in components of our revenue as compared to the same period in fiscal 2016:
		
•	Average yield increased revenue by 1.4% driven by higher price yield in our municipal residential collection business due to the positive impact of higher CPI contract resets and a higher open market price yield as we continue to focus on disciplined pricing. Additionally, the increase in average yield was partially offset by the mix of business due to increases in special waste volumes which generally price at a lower rate per ton than other waste streams;	
		
•	Recycling revenue increased revenue by 1.0% due to an increase in recycling commodity prices;	
		
•	Fuel fee revenue increased revenue by 0.4%. These fees fluctuate in response to changes in prices for diesel fuel on which the surcharge is based and, consequently, any increase in fuel prices results in an increase in our revenue. Our fuel surcharge fees reset on a monthly basis therefore an increase in our fuel fee revenue is delayed in comparison to the increase in our fuel expense when diesel fuel prices increase;	
		
•	Organic volume increased revenue by 0.8% primarily due to an increase in MSW, C&D and special waste landfill disposal volumes, an increase in third party trucking revenue due to special waste project activity and an increase related to a volume commitment settlement associated with a landfill gas contract. Volumes in the commercial and rolloff collection businesses increased slightly with residential volume decreasing as we continue to cycle through certain municipal contract losses. Organic volume was negatively impacted by one less work day in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016;	
		
•	Acquisitions increased revenue by 3.4% due to our execution of acquisition opportunities that further enhance our vertical integration strategy;	
		
•	Divestitures decreased revenue by 0.3% due to our strategic decision to divest of our Charlotte collection operations in the second quarter of fiscal 2017.	

Operating Expenses
The following table summarizes our operating expenses (in millions and as a percentage of our revenue):

																												
 	Three Months Ended September 30,	 	Nine Months Ended September 30,	
 	2017	 	2016	 	2017	 	2016	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating	$	244.2		 	62.2	%	 	$	217.0		 	60.2	%	 	$	706.0		 	62.9	%	 	$	642.8		 	61.1	%	
Accretion of landfill retirement obligations	3.8		 	1.0	%	 	3.3		 	0.9	%	 	11.1		 	0.9	%	 	9.8		 	0.9	%	
Operating expenses	$	248.0		 	63.2	%	 	$	220.3		 	61.1	%	 	$	717.1		 	63.8	%	 	$	652.6		 	62.0	%	
Our operating expenses include the following:

•	Labor and related benefits, which consist of salaries and wages, health and welfare benefits, incentive compensation and payroll taxes;	

•	Transfer and disposal costs which include tipping fees paid to third-party disposal facilities and transfer stations as well as transportation and subcontractor costs (which include costs for independent haulers who transport waste from transfer stations to our disposal facilities and costs for local operators who provide waste handling services associated with markets outside our standard operating areas);	

•	Maintenance and repairs expenses which include labor, maintenance and repairs to our vehicles, equipment and containers;	

•	Fuel costs which include the direct cost of fuel used by our vehicles, net of fuel tax credits;	

•	Franchise fees and taxes which consist of municipal franchise fees, host community fees and royalties;	

•	Risk management expenses which include casualty insurance premiums, claims payments, estimates for claims incurred but not reported and casualty losses;	

•	Other expenses which include expenses such as facility operating costs, equipment rent, leachate and sulfate treatment and disposal, and other landfill maintenance costs;	

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•	Accretion expense related to landfill capping, closure and post-closure is included in operating expenses in our condensed consolidated statement of operations, but, it is excluded from the table below (refer to “Accretion of Landfill Retirement Obligations” for a detailed discussion of the changes in amounts).	

The following table summarizes the major components of our operating expenses, excluding accretion expense on our landfill retirement obligations (in millions and as a percentage of our revenue):

																												
 	Three Months Ended September 30,	 	Nine Months Ended September 30,	
 	2017	 	2016	 	2017	 	2016	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Labor and related benefits	$	80.2		 	20.4	%	 	$	73.8		 	20.5	%	 	$	233.2		 	20.8	%	 	$	220.2		 	20.9	%	
Transfer and disposal costs	53.1		 	13.5	%	 	48.4		 	13.4	%	 	154.8		 	13.8	%	 	142.0		 	13.5	%	
Maintenance and repairs	36.7		 	9.3	%	 	33.2		 	9.2	%	 	104.5		 	9.3	%	 	98.4		 	9.3	%	
Fuel	17.0		 	4.3	%	 	14.2		 	3.9	%	 	49.0		 	4.4	%	 	40.4		 	3.8	%	
Franchise fees and taxes	18.2		 	4.6	%	 	17.4		 	4.8	%	 	50.7		 	4.5	%	 	49.0		 	4.7	%	
Risk management	7.8		 	2.1	%	 	7.4		 	2.1	%	 	24.6		 	2.2	%	 	22.8		 	2.2	%	
Other	28.8		 	7.4	%	 	22.6		 	6.3	%	 	81.4		 	7.2	%	 	70.0		 	6.7	%	
Subtotal	$	241.8		 	61.6	%	 	$	217.0		 	60.2	%	 	$	698.2		 	62.2	%	 	$	642.8		 	61.1	%	
Greentree expenses, net of estimated insurance recoveries	2.4		 	0.6	%	 	—		 	—	%	 	7.8		 	0.7	%	 	—		 	—	%	
       Total operating expenses, excluding accretion expense	$	244.2		 	62.2	%	 	$	217.0		 	60.2	%	 	$	706.0		 	62.9	%	 	$	642.8		 	61.1	%	
The cost categories shown above may not be comparable to similarly titled categories used by other companies. Thus, you should exercise caution when comparing our operating expenses by cost component to that of other companies.
Three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 2016
Operating expenses increased by $27.2 or 12.5% to $244.2 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 from $217.0 for the three months ended September 30, 2016 . The change reflects the following:

•	Labor and related benefits increased by $6.4 or 8.7% to $80.2 which was primarily attributable to merit increases, acquisition activity, higher health care costs due to an increase in the severity and frequency of medical claims and higher workers' compensation costs due to less favorable actuarial development;	

•	Transfer and disposal costs increased by $4.7 or 9.7% to $53.1 as a result of increased disposal volumes, acquisition activity, increased third party trucking costs, increased container weights and higher recycling rebates due to the increase in recycling commodity prices;	

•	Maintenance and repairs expense increased by $3.5 or 10.5% to $36.7 . The increase was driven by increased labor costs primarily attributable to merit increases, acquisition activity and higher health care costs as well as an increase in maintenance and repair material costs;	

•	Fuel costs increased $2.8 or 19.7% to $17.0 primarily resulting from acquisition activity, the expiration of CNG tax credits as of December 31, 2016 and increases in diesel fuel prices, partially due to hurricane related supply disruptions;	

•	Franchise fees and taxes increased $0.8 or 4.6% to $18.2 primarily due to increased disposal volumes;	

•	Risk management expense increased $0.4 or 5.4% to $7.8 primarily due to higher general liability insurance costs and property damage in the South segment associated with a recent hurricane;	

•	Other operating costs increased $6.2 or 27.4% to $28.8 due to an increase in facility maintenance costs related to acquisition activity and site repairs at certain landfills, an increase in maintenance costs related to landfill gas control, leachate and sulfate treatment and increased costs to operate an asphalt plant associated with a recent acquisition;	

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•	We recorded additional costs of $2.4, net of estimated insurance recoveries, associated with the Greentree landfill waste slide that occurred in the first quarter of fiscal 2017.	
Nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 2016
Operating expenses increased by $63.2 or 9.8% to $706.0 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $642.8 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The change reflects the following:

•	Labor and related benefits increased by $13.0 or 5.9% to $233.2 which was primarily attributable to merit increases, acquisition activity, higher health care costs due to an increase in the severity and frequency of medical claims and higher workers' compensation costs due to less favorable actuarial development;	

•	Transfer and disposal costs increased by $12.8 or 9.0% to $154.8 as a result of increased disposal volumes, acquisition activity, increased third party trucking costs, increased container weights and higher recycling rebates due to the increase in recycling commodity prices;	

•	Maintenance and repairs expense increased by $6.1 or 6.2% to $104.5. The increase was driven by increased labor costs primarily attributable to merit increases, acquisition activity and higher health care costs as well as an increase in maintenance and repair material costs;	

•	Fuel costs increased $8.6 or 21.3% to $49.0 primarily resulting from the expiration of CNG tax credits as of December 31, 2016 and increases in diesel fuel prices, partially due to hurricane related supply disruptions;	

•	Franchise fees and taxes increased $1.7 or 3.5% to $50.7 primarily due to increased disposal volumes and acquisition activity;	

•	Risk management expense increased $1.8 or 7.9% to $24.6 primarily due to higher automobile and property insurance costs, less favorable actuarial development and property damage in the South segment from a tornado and a hurricane;	

•	Other operating costs increased $11.4 or 16.3% to $81.4 primarily due to an increase in maintenance costs related to landfill gas control, leachate and sulfate treatment, an increase in facility maintenance costs due to acquisition activity and site repairs at certain landfills and increased costs to operate an asphalt plant associated with a recent acquisition;	

•	We recorded $7.8 of costs, net of estimated insurance recoveries, associated with the Greentree landfill waste slide.	
Accretion of Landfill Retirement Obligations
Accretion expense was $3.8 and $3.3 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The increase of $0.5 was primarily attributable to the assumption of post-closure responsibility at one of our landfills during the first quarter of fiscal 2017 and the acquisition of a landfill during the first quarter of fiscal 2017. Accretion expense was $11.1 and $9.8 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The increase of $1.3 was primarily attributable to the assumption of post-closure responsibility at one of our landfills during the first quarter of fiscal 2017 and the acquisition of a landfill during the first quarter of fiscal 2017. For a discussion of factors affecting capping obligations, see the critical accounting policies in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses include salaries, legal and professional fees and other expenses. Salaries expenses include salaries and wages, health and welfare benefits and incentive compensation for corporate and field general management, field support functions, sales force, accounting and finance, legal, management information systems, and clerical and administrative departments. Other expenses include rent and office costs, fees for professional services provided by third parties, marketing, directors’ and officers’ insurance, general employee relocation, travel, entertainment and bank charges, but exclude any such amounts recorded as restructuring charges.

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The following table provides the components of our selling, general and administrative expenses for the periods indicated (in millions and as a percentage of our revenue):

	
																												
 	Three Months Ended September 30,	 	Nine Months Ended September 30,	
 	2017	 	2016	 	2017	 	2016	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Salaries	$	26.4		 	6.7	%	 	$	21.9		 	6.1	%	 	$	81.3		 	7.2	%	 	$	71.9		 	6.8	%	
Legal and professional	2.8		 	0.7	%	 	2.2		 	0.6	%	 	8.7		 	0.8	%	 	14.3		 	1.4	%	
Other	12.6		 	3.2	%	 	11.5		 	3.2	%	 	37.4		 	3.3	%	 	33.5		 	3.2	%	
Total selling, general and administrative expenses	$	41.8		 	10.6	%	 	$	35.6		 	9.9	%	 	$	127.4		 	11.3	%	 	$	119.7		 	11.4	%	

Three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 2016
		
•	Our salaries expenses increased by $4.5 or 20.5% to $26.4 primarily due to the following: an increase in wages and benefits of $2.4 primarily due to merit increases, acquisition activity and hiring additional sales representatives; an increase in bonus expense of $1.4; and an increase in stock based compensation expense of $0.8 due to the impact of initial public offering related awards and a larger portion of our compensation structure shifting to stock based awards.	
		
•	Legal and professional fees increased $0.6 or 27.3% to $2.8 primarily due to an increase in professional fees associated with Sarbanes Oxley implementation.	
		
•	Other selling, general and administrative expenses increased $1.1 or 9.6% to $12.6 primarily due to the following: increased insurance costs as a result of being a publicly traded company, an increase in bad debt expense due to the impact of acquired businesses on collection activities and a disruption of collection activities from a hurricane in the South segment; and an increase in software maintenance costs.	
Nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 2016
		
•	Our salaries expenses increased by $9.4 or 13.1% to $81.3 primarily due to an increase in wages and benefits of $4.9 as a result of merit increases, hiring additional sales representatives, higher severance expense and higher healthcare costs and a $3.9 increase in stock based compensation expense due to the impact of initial public offering related awards and a larger portion of the Company's compensation structure shifting to stock based awards.	
		
•	Legal and professional fees decreased $5.6 or 39.2% to $8.7 primarily due to $7.1 of expenses incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 related to the launch of the initial public offering process that was not completed that did not recur in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. This decrease was partially offset by $1.0 of costs associated with being a public company and $0.6 of Sarbanes Oxley implementation costs.	
		
•	Other selling, general and administrative expenses increased $3.9 or 11.6% to $37.4 primarily due to increased bad debt expense due to the impact of acquired businesses on collection activities and a disruption of collection activities from a hurricane in the South segment, increased software maintenance cost, increased insurance costs as a result of being a publicly traded company and increased bank processing charges.	

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Depreciation and Amortization
The following table summarizes the components of depreciation and amortization expense by asset type (in millions and as a percentage of our revenue). For a detailed discussion of depreciation and amortization by asset type refer to the discussion included in the following two sections herein.

																												
 	Three Months Ended September 30,	 	Nine Months Ended September 30,	
 	2017	 	2016	 	2017		2016	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Depreciation, amortization and depletion of property and equipment	$	58.6		 	14.9	%	 	$	53.6		 	14.9	%	 	$	166.6		 	14.8	%	 	$	157.2		 	14.9	%	
Amortization of other intangible assets	10.3		 	2.6	%	 	10.4		 	2.9	%	 	31.3		 	2.8	%	 	32.2		 	3.1	%	
Depreciation and amortization	$	68.9		 	17.5	%	 	$	64.0		 	17.7	%	 	$	197.9		 	17.6	%	 	$	189.4		 	18.0	%	
Depreciation, Amortization and Depletion of Property and Equipment
Depreciation, amortization and depletion expense includes depreciation of fixed assets over the estimated useful life of the assets using the straight-line method, and amortization and depletion of landfill airspace assets under the units-of-consumption method. Refer to the footnotes to the consolidated financial statements in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a further discussion of our accounting policies.
The following table summarizes depreciation, amortization and depletion of property and equipment for the periods indicated (in millions and as a percentage of our revenue):

																												
 	Three Months Ended September 30,	 	Nine Months Ended September 30,	
 	2017	 	2016	 	2017	 	2016	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment	$	34.1		 	8.7	%	 	$	32.0		 	8.9	%	 	$	100.0		 	8.9	%	 	$	95.4		 	9.1	%	
Landfill depletion and amortization	24.5		 	6.2	%	 	21.6		 	6.0	%	 	66.6		 	5.9	%	 	61.8		 	5.9	%	
Depreciation, amortization and depletion of property and equipment	$	58.6		 	14.9	%	 	$	53.6		 	14.9	%	 	$	166.6		 	14.8	%	 	$	157.2		 	14.9	%	

Three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 2016
		
•	Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment increased $2.1 or 6.6% to $34.1 due mainly to acquisition activity.	
		
•	Landfill depletion and amortization increased $2.9 or 13.4% to $24.5 due to acquisition activity and increased disposal volumes.	

Nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 2016
		
•	Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment increased $4.6 or 4.8% to $100.0 due mainly to acquisition activity.	
		
•	Landfill depletion and amortization increased $4.8 or 7.8% to $66.6 due to acquisition activity and increased disposal volumes.	
Amortization of Other Intangible Assets
Amortization of other intangible assets was $10.3 and $10.4 or as a percentage of revenue, 2.6% and 2.9% , for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The decrease in amortization expense is attributable to certain intangible

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assets becoming fully amortized partially offset by increased acquisition activity in the current year. Amortization of other intangible assets was $31.3 and $32.2 or as a percentage of revenue, 2.8% and 3.1%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The decrease in amortization expense is attributable to certain intangible assets becoming fully amortized partially offset by increased acquisition activity in the current year.
Acquisitions and Divestitures
In the ordinary course of our business, we regularly evaluate and pursue acquisition opportunities that further enhance our vertical integration strategy. We also regularly evaluate our current operations and consider divesting of those operations that do not provide us with an acceptable profit margin.

We completed thirteen acquisitions during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 for a cash purchase price, net of cash acquired, of $112.2 and notes payable of $4.4, subject to net working capital adjustments, which we expect to be completed within approximately one year. Seven acquisitions were completed during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 for a cash purchase price of $5.2 and notes payable of $0.2. The results of operations of each acquisition are included in our condensed consolidated statements of operations subsequent to the closing date of each acquisition.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 , we divested of our non-integrated collection services operation in Charlotte, North Carolina for consideration received of $8.7 . A $1.4 gain on the sale of that business is included in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 .
Intangible Asset Impairment
We have non-integrated collection operations in South Carolina which operate in a competitor-owned disposal market that does not align with our long-term market strategy of vertically integrated operations with Company owned disposal sites or marketplace neutral disposal sites. During April of fiscal 2017, changes in facts and circumstances led us to evaluate the long-term market for South Carolina collection operations and re-evaluate the expected cash flows provided by this market. We determined it appropriate to impair certain intangible assets that were recorded as part of the purchase accounting when these entities were acquired. Based on our evaluation, we recorded an intangible asset impairment of $13.0 during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
Restructuring Charges
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, we incurred restructuring charges of $3.4 due to the elimination of positions at the corporate office. Of the $3.4 of restructuring charges, $2.1 relates to the acceleration of stock based compensation expense and $1.3 relates to severance expense.
Other, Net
Changes in the fair value and settlements of derivative instruments are recorded in other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and amounted to income of $0.1 and $0.0 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Changes in the fair value and settlements of derivative instruments amounted to losses of $3.2 and $1.4 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Income from equity investee for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively was $0.6 and $0.2. Income from equity investee for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively was $1.2 and $1.3.

Interest Expense
Interest expense decreased by $10.0 or 29.3% to $24.1 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 from $34.1 for the three months ended September 30, 2016. Interest expense decreased by $33.0 or 32.1% to $69.7 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $102.7 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The decreases were due to the benefit from lower debt levels as a result of paying down debt with our initial public offering proceeds and lower interest rates due to refinancing our debt structure in November of fiscal 2016. See Note 12, Long Term Debt, to our audited consolidated financial statements included in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further details on our debt refinancing.
Cash paid for interest was $16.2 and $17.3 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Cash paid for interest was $58.6 and $75.4 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

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Income Taxes
Our effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was 49.3% and 36.7%, respectively. We evaluate our effective income tax rate at each interim period and adjust it accordingly as facts and circumstances warrant. The difference between income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate of 35% and reported income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was primarily due to the unfavorable impact of the change in recorded valuation allowance and permanently non-deductible expenses. The difference between income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate of 35% and reported income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily due to the unfavorable impact of permanently non-deductible expenses, interest related to previously recorded uncertain tax positions and the change in recorded valuation allowance.
Our effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was 27.5% and 21.4%, respectively. The difference between income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate of 35% and reported income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was primarily due to the unfavorable impact of the change in recorded valuation allowance and permanently non-deductible expenses. The difference between income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate of 35% and reported income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily due to the unfavorable impact of permanently non-deductible expenses and the change in recorded valuation allowance.
Cash paid for income taxes (net of refunds) was $0.4 and $0.1 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Cash paid for income taxes (net of refunds) was $1.0 and $1.4 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

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Reportable Segments
Our operations are managed through three geographic regions (South, East and Midwest) that we designate as our reportable segments. As disclosed in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K, we reorganized our internal structure during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016 by moving two business units from the East segment to the South segment. Segment revenue, operating income and depreciation and amortization for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 have been reclassified to reflect these changes to our operating segments. As a result, for the quarter ended September 30, 2016, $5.4 of segment revenue was reclassified from the East to the South, $0.6 of operating income was reclassified from the East to the South and $0.3 of depreciation and amortization was reclassified from the East to the South. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, $16.5 of segment revenue was reclassified from the East to the South, $2.4 of operating income was reclassified from the East to the South and $1.0 of depreciation and amortization was reclassified from the East to the South. Revenues, operating income/(loss) and depreciation and amortization for our reportable segments for the periods indicated, are shown in the following tables:

												
 	Service
Revenues	 	Operating
Income
(Loss)	 	Depreciation
and
Amortization	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017		 		 		
South	$	145.5		 	$	22.8		 	$	20.3		
East	97.8		 	4.2		 	19.7		
Midwest	149.4		 	22.4		 	26.7		
Corporate	—		 	(19.7	)	 	2.2		
 	$	392.7		 	$	29.7		 	$	68.9		
 			 			 			
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016		 		 		
South	$	131.8		 	$	22.4		 	$	18.8		
East	88.3		 	8.0		 	18.2		
Midwest	140.5		 	21.9		 	24.8		
Corporate	—		 	(12.7	)	 	2.2		
 	$	360.6		 	$	39.6		 	$	64.0		

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017		 		 		
South	420.6			69.1			59.1		
East	284.0			(3.7	)		57.4		
Midwest	418.6			54.2			74.5		
Corporate	—			(54.5	)		6.9		
 	$	1,123.2			$	65.1			$	197.9		
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016		 		 		
South	$	390.2		 	$	66.0		 	$	56.7		
East	261.7		 	19.0		 	54.1		
Midwest	400.7		 	53.8		 	72.3		
Corporate	—		 	(50.1	)	 	6.3		
 	$	1,052.6		 	$	88.7		 	$	189.4		

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Comparison of Reportable Segments— Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
South Segment
Revenue increased $13.7 or 10.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 . The increase in revenue was due to the following: an increase in acquisition related revenue of $7.5; an increase in pricing in our residential, commercial and rolloff collection operations of $2.2; an increase in MSW, C&D and special waste landfill disposal volumes of $1.9; an increase in revenue from transfer station disposal operations of $0.7; and an increase in environmental fees of $0.6 due to a rate increase that went into effect in August of 2017.

Operating income from our South Segment increased by $0.4 or 1.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 . The increase was primarily due to the revenue increase as described above. The increase was partially offset by the following: an increase in salary and wages of $3.1 due to merit increases, higher healthcare costs and higher workers' compensation costs; an increase in disposal and transportation costs of $2.3 due to higher container weights and increased disposal costs as a result of a recent hurricane; an increase in facility maintenance costs of $1.9 due to acquisition activity and site repairs at certain landfills; an increase in maintenance and repairs expense of $1.7 due to acquisition activity; an increase in fuel costs of $1.3 due to the expiration of CNG credits and an increase in diesel fuel prices partially due to hurricane related supply disruptions; an increase of $1.0 in various general and administrative expenses; an increase in depletion expense of $0.7 due to increased disposal volumes; an increase in depreciation and amortization of $0.8 due to acquisition activity; and an increase in property damage costs of $0.3 related to a recent hurricane.
East Segment
Revenue increased by $9.5 , or 10.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 . The increase was primarily due to the following: an increase in acquisition related revenue of $8.9; an increase in MSW, C&D and special waste landfill disposal volumes of $1.9; and an increase in third party trucking revenue of $1.1 due to special waste project activity. The increase was partially offset by the negative impact to revenue from divestitures of $2.1 and a decrease in pricing of $0.9 due to the mix of lower priced special waste projects.
Operating income from our East Segment decreased $3.8, or 47.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 . The decrease was primarily due to the following: an increase in costs associated with the Greentree landfill waste slide of $2.4; an increase in salary and wages of $1.8 due to merit increases, acquisition activity, higher healthcare costs and higher workers' compensation costs; an increase in depreciation and amortization expense of $1.5 due to acquisition activity; an increase of $1.1 in various general and administrative expenses; an increase in maintenance and repairs expense of $1.0 due to acquisition activity; an increase in expenses of $1.0 to support an acquired aggregate and asphalt operation; an increase in disposal and transportation costs of $0.9 due to increased container weights; an increase in fuel expense of $0.9 due to an increase in diesel fuel prices and the expiration of CNG credits; an increase in facility maintenance costs of $0.8 due to acquisition activity; and an increase in maintenance costs of $0.6 for landfill gas control, leachate and sulfate treatment. The decrease was partially offset by the increase to revenue as described above.

Midwest Segment
Revenue increased $8.9 or 6.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 . The increase was primarily due to the following: an increase in MSW, C&D and special waste landfill disposal volumes of $5.2; an increase in recycling revenue of $2.2 primarily due to an increase in recycling commodity prices; an increase of $1.6 related to a volume commitment settlement associated with a landfill gas contract; an increase in volume in our rolloff collection business of $1.3; an increase in pricing in our residential collection business of $1.0; and an increase in acquisition related revenue of $0.9. The increases were partially offset by a reduction in residential collection revenue of $2.4 due to the loss of municipal contracts in fiscal 2016 and a decrease in C&D and special waste landfill disposal pricing of $1.2.
Operating income from our Midwest Segment increased by $0.5, or 2.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 . The revenue increase of $8.9 above was partially offset by the following: higher salary and wages of $1.5 due to merit increases and higher workers' compensation costs; an increase in disposal and transportation cost of $1.4 to support the increase in our service revenue; higher depletion expense of $1.3 due to increased disposal volumes; an increase in maintenance costs of $0.9 related to landfill gas control, leachate and sulfate

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treatment; an increase in maintenance and repair expense of $0.7 due to increased labor and material costs; an increase in franchise fees of $0.6 to support the increase in our service revenue; and an increase in fuel expense of $0.6 due to an increase in diesel fuel prices and the expiration of CNG credits.
Corporate
Operating loss increased $7.0 or 55.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016 primarily due to restructuring expense recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2017 of $3.4 and an increase in salary and wage expense of $3.0 due to merit increases, higher bonus accruals, higher stock based compensation expense and higher healthcare costs.
Comparison of Reportable Segments—Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
South Segment
Revenue increased $30.4 or 7.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase in revenue was due to the following: an increase in acquisition related revenue of $12.2; an increase in residential, commercial and rolloff collection pricing of $7.2; an increase in revenue from transfer station disposal operations of $3.6; an increase in MSW disposal volume of $3.1; an increase in sale of recyclable pricing of $2.8 due to an increase in commodity prices; an increase in environmental fees of $2.6 due to rate increases that went into effect in July of 2016 and August 2017; an increase in commercial collection volume of $1.5; an increase in fuel surcharge revenue of $1.3 due to the increase in diesel fuel prices; and an increase in MSW and special waste landfill disposal pricing of $1.3. The increases were partially offset by a reduction in residential and rolloff collection volume of $4.2 and a reduction in sale of recyclable volume of $2.0 due to the loss of a high volume customer.

Operating income from our South Segment increased by $3.1 or 4.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase was primarily due to the increase in revenue as described above partially offset by an increase in the following: disposal and transportation costs of $6.8 to support the increase in our service revenue; an increase in salary and wages of $6.4 due to merit increases, acquisition activity, higher healthcare costs and higher workers' compensation costs; an increase in fuel costs of $3.9 due to the expiration of CNG credits and an increase in diesel fuel prices partially due to hurricane related supply disruptions; an increase in maintenance and repairs expense of $3.0 due mainly to acquisition activity; an increase in facility maintenance costs of $2.3 due to acquisition activity and site repairs at certain landfills; an increase in depletion expense of $1.9 due to an increase in disposal volumes; an increase in various general and administrative expenses of $1.7; an increase in franchise fees of $0.9 to support the increase in our service revenue; and an increase in property damage costs of $0.5 from a tornado and a hurricane.
East Segment
Revenue increased by $22.3, or 8.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase was primarily due to the following: an increase in acquisition related revenue of $22.1; an increase in third party trucking revenue of $4.7 due to special waste project activity; an increase in environmental fees of $1.0 due to rate increases that went into effect in July of 2016 and August 2017; an increase in sale of recyclable pricing of $0.9 due to an increase in commodity prices; and an increase in fuel surcharge revenue of $0.8 due to the increase in diesel fuel prices. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in shale related revenue of $4.3 and a decrease in revenue from divestitures of $3.4.
Operating income from our East Segment decreased $22.7 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Operating income from our East Segment, net of the $13.0 South Carolina intangible asset impairment and $7.8 of costs associated with the Greentree landfill waste slide, increased $1.9 or 10.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase was primarily due to the increase in revenue as described above partially offset by the following: an increase in salary and wages of $4.8 due to acquisition activity, merit increases, higher healthcare costs and higher workers' compensation costs; an increase in depreciation and amortization expense of $3.3 due to acquisition activity; an increase in general and administrative expenses of $2.9 due to acquisition activity and increased bad debt expense due to the impact of acquired businesses on collection activities; an increase in fuel costs of $2.8 due to the increase in diesel fuel prices and the expiration of CNG credits; an increase in maintenance costs

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for landfill gas control, leachate and sulfate treatment of $2.0; an increase in maintenance and repairs expense of $1.8 due to acquisition activity; an increase in accretion expense of $1.4 attributable to the assumption of postclosure responsibility at one of our landfills during the first quarter of fiscal 2017 and the acquisition of a landfill during the first quarter of fiscal 2017; and an increase in disposal and transportation costs of $1.1 due to increased container weights.
Midwest Segment
Revenue increased $17.9 or 4.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase was primarily due to the following: an increase in sale of recyclable pricing of $8.8 due to an increase in commodity prices; an increase in MSW, C&D and special waste landfill disposal volumes of $5.7; higher pricing in our residential and rolloff collection operations of $4.3; an increase in environmental fees of $3.6 due to rate increases that went into effect in July of fiscal 2016 and August of fiscal 2017; an increase in fuel surcharge revenue of $1.7 due to the increase in diesel fuel prices; higher rolloff collection volumes of $1.6; and an increase of $1.6 related to a volume commitment settlement associated with a landfill gas contract. The increases were partially offset by a reduction in residential revenue of $8.0 due to the loss of municipal contracts in fiscal 2016 and a reduction in commercial collection pricing of $1.5.
Operating income from our Midwest Segment increased by $0.4 or 0.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase was primarily due to the revenue increase as described above partially offset by the following: higher disposal and transportation cost of $4.9 to support the increase in our service revenue, an increase in maintenance costs of $2.4 related to landfill gas control, leachate and sulfate treatment; an increase in fuel expense of $1.8 due to the increase in diesel fuel prices and the expiration of CNG credits; higher salary and wages of $1.8 due to merit increases, higher healthcare costs and higher workers' compensation costs; higher depletion expense of $1.6 due to increased disposal volumes; an increase in maintenance and repair expense of $1.3 due to increased labor costs; and an increase in sales and marketing expense of $1.1 due to hiring additional sales representatives.
Corporate
Operating loss increased $4.4 or 8.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016 primarily due to an increase in stock based compensation expense of $3.9, an increase in salary and wage expense of $3.9 due to merit increases and higher healthcare costs, restructuring expense recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 of $3.4 and Sarbanes Oxley implementation costs recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 of $0.6. The increase in operating loss was partially offset by expenses incurred of $7.1 during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 related to the launch of the initial public offering process that was not completed that did not recur in the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary sources of cash are cash flows from operations, bank borrowings, debt offerings and equity offerings. We intend to use excess cash on hand and cash from operating activities, together with bank borrowings, to fund purchases of property and equipment, working capital, acquisitions and debt repayments. Actual debt repayments may include purchases of our outstanding indebtedness in the secondary market or otherwise. We believe that our current cash balances, cash from operating activities and funds available under our Revolver will provide us with sufficient financial resources to meet our anticipated capital requirements and maturing obligations as they come due. At September 30, 2017 , we had negative working capital which was driven by purchases of property and equipment and landfill construction and development during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as well as the use of our cash to fund acquisitions. At December 31, 2016, we had negative working capital which was driven by repayments on the Term Loan B and cash used for initial public offering costs. We have more than adequate availability on our Revolver to fund short term working capital requirements.

Summary of Cash and Cash Equivalents and Debt Obligations
The table below presents a summary of our cash and cash equivalents and debt balances (in millions):

								
 	September 30,
2017	 	December 31,
2016	
 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	$	7.2		 	$	1.2		
			 			
Debt:		 		
Current portion	74.7		 	36.5		
Long-term portion	1,892.8		 	1,887.0		
Total debt	$	1,967.5		 	$	1,923.5		
Summary of Cash Flow Activity
The following table sets forth for the periods indicated a summary of our cash flows (in millions):

								
 	Nine months ended September 30,	
 	2017	 	2016	
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	247.4		 	$	191.7		
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(242.2	)	 	$	(124.9	)	
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	$	0.8		 	$	(66.9	)	
Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities
We generated $247.4 of cash flows from operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 , compared with $191.7 during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 . The increase was primarily due to the following:
		
•	During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we entered into an Asset Transfer and Liability Assumption Agreement with BFI Waste Systems of North America, LLC. We received a cash payment of $24.0 which was recorded as an operating cash flow. In exchange for this payment, we assumed certain post-closure liabilities of a closed portion of a landfill and became responsible for expenditures related to a gas infrastructure system. The present value of the assumed post-closure liabilities and expenditures related to the gas infrastructure system over the life of the landfill approximate the amount of the cash payment. The payments related to the assumed post-closure liabilities and expenditures related to the gas infrastructure system will be made in future periods;	
		
•	A decrease in cash paid for interest of $16.8 due to the benefit from lower debt levels as a result of paying down debt with our initial public offering proceeds and lower interest rates due to refinancing our debt structure in November of fiscal 2016;	
		
•	A decrease in cash payments related to derivative instruments of $10.4;	
		
•	An increase in accounts payable of $9.8 mainly due to the timing of payments;	

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•	A reduction in capital market costs of $6.8 primarily due to costs incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 related to the February 2016 launch of the initial public offering process that was not completed that did not recur in the nine months ended September 30, 2017;	
		
•	A reduction in our net loss of $6.6;	
		
•	Cash paid for capping, closure and post-closure obligations was $4.8 lower during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016 due mainly to the timing of obligations.	
The increase in cash flows provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was partially offset by the following:
		
•	An increase in accounts receivable of $18.2 due primarily to the timing of payments related to special waste projects, the impact of acquired businesses on collection activities and a disruption of collection activities from a hurricane in the South segment. As of September 30, 2017, our days sales outstanding, were 48, or 32 days net of deferred revenue, compared to 45, or 30 days net of deferred revenue, as of September 30, 2016;	
		
•	Cash payments related to remediation of the Greentree landfill waste slide of $4.7.	
Cash flows from operating activities are used to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions, interest payments and debt.
Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities
We used $242.2 of cash in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared with $124.9 during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 , an increase of $117.3 . The variance was primarily due to the following:
		
•	An increase of $106.9 in cash expenditures used to fund acquisitions;	
		
•	Higher cash expenditures of $16.3 used to fund the purchase of property and equipment and landfill construction and development including the purchase of a collection operating and maintenance facility related to a municipal contract of $8.7 during the third quarter of fiscal 2017.	
The increase in cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was partially offset by the following:
		
•	Higher proceeds from the sale of businesses of $6.3 due to the disposition of our non-integrated Charlotte, North Carolina collection operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.	
Cash Flows Provided By (Used In) Financing Activities
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 , net cash provided by financing activities was $0.8 compared to net cash used in financing activities of $66.9 during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 , a decrease of $67.7 . The variance was primarily due to the following:
		
•	A decrease in net payments on debt instruments of $41.7 due to proceeds needed to fund acquisitions;	
		
•	A decrease in capital returned to the former parent of $19.9;	
		
•	An increase in proceeds from stock option exercises of $6.1.	
Senior Secured Credit Facilities

On November 10, 2016, we entered into an Amended and Restated Agreement (the “Amended and Restated Agreement”) by and among the Company, the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto (the “Lenders”) and Deutsche Bank AG New York Branch, as administrative agent and collateral agent (respectively, the “Administrative Agent” and the “Collateral Agent”), pursuant to which the Credit Agreement, by and among the Company, the Lenders, the Administrative Agent and the Collateral Agent, among others, dated as of October 9, 2012 (as amended and restated in accordance with the Amended and Restated Agreement) was amended and restated.
 
The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides for a $1.5 billion Term Loan B facility maturing 2023, and a $300.0 Revolver maturing 2021 (together, our "Senior Secured Credit Facilities"). The Revolver allows for up to $100.0 of letters of credit outstanding. At the Company’s option, borrowings under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement will bear interest at an alternate base rate or adjusted LIBOR rate in each case plus an applicable margin. The alternate base rate is defined as the greater of the prime rate, the federal funds rate plus 50 basis points, or the adjusted LIBOR rate plus 100 basis points. The LIBOR base rate is subject to a 0.75% floor.

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In the case of the Term Loan B, the applicable margin is 1.75% per annum for ABR Loans and 2.75% per annum for Eurodollar Loans. In the case of the Revolver, the applicable margin is 1.75% per annum for ABR Loans and 2.75% per annum for Eurodollar Loans if our total net leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 4.0:1.0. If our total net leverage ratio is less than 4.0:1.0, the applicable margin on the Revolver is 1.25% per annum for ABR Loans and 2.25% per annum for Eurodollar Loans.
 
Obligations under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement are guaranteed by our existing and future domestic restricted subsidiaries (subject to certain exceptions) and are secured by a first-priority security interest in substantially all our personal property assets, and certain real property assets, including all or a portion of the equity interests of certain of our domestic subsidiaries (in each cases, subject to certain limited exceptions).
 
Borrowings under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement may be prepaid at any time without premium. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contains usual and customary representations and warranties, and usual and customary affirmative and negative covenants, including limitations on liens, additional indebtedness, investments, restricted payments, asset sales, mergers, affiliate transactions and other customary limitations, as well as a total net leverage ratio financial covenant (for the benefit of lenders under the Revolver only). The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement also contains usual and customary events of default, including non-payment of principal, interest, fees and other amounts, material breach of a representation or warranty, nonperformance of covenants and obligations, default on other material debt, bankruptcy or insolvency, material judgments, incurrence of certain material ERISA liabilities, impairment of loan documentation or security and change of control. Compliance with these covenants is a condition to any incremental borrowings under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities and failure to meet these covenants would enable the lenders to require repayment of any outstanding loans (which would adversely affect our liquidity).
The Term Loan B has principal payments due quarterly of $3.75 with mandatory prepayments due to the extent net cash proceeds from the sale of assets exceed $25.0 in any fiscal year and are not reinvested in the business within 365 days from the date of sale, upon notification of our intent to take such action or in accordance with Excess Cash Flow, as defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. Further prepayments are due when there is Excess Cash Flow, as defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.

Borrowings under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities can be used for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had $32.0 and $0.0 in borrowings outstanding under our Revolver, respectively. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had an aggregate of approximately $40.9 and $42.1 of letters of credit outstanding under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities, respectively. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had remaining capacity under our Revolver of $227.1 and $257.9, respectively. As of September 30, 2017, we were in compliance with the covenants under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities. Our ability to maintain compliance with our covenants will be highly dependent on our results of operations and, to the extent necessary, our ability to implement remedial measures such as reductions in operating costs. The Revolver has an annual commitment fee equal to 0.50% per annum if the total net leverage ratio is greater than 4.0:1.0, or if otherwise, 0.375% per annum. The amount of commitment fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were not significant.
We are subject to a maximum total net leverage ratio of 6.8:1.0. The actual total net leverage ratio at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was 4.6:1.0 and 4.8:1.0, respectively.
5.625% Senior Notes due 2024

On November 10, 2016, we closed a 144A offering (the “Notes Offering”) exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), of $425.0 aggregate principal amount of 5.625% senior notes due 2024 (the “Notes”).
 
We issued the Notes under an indenture dated November 10, 2016 (the “Indenture”) among the Company, the guarantors party thereto, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”). The Notes bear interest at the rate of 5.625% per year. Interest on the Notes is payable on May 15 and November 15 of each year, beginning on May 15, 2017. The Notes mature on November 15, 2024. Before November 15, 2019, we may redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of their principal amount plus a make-whole premium and accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption. At any time on or after November 15, 2019, we may redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, at the applicable redemption prices set forth in the Indenture, plus accrued interest. In addition, before November 15, 2019, we may, from time to time, redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes with the net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings at a redemption price equal to 105.625% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption

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date. The redemption prices set forth in the indenture for the twelve month periods beginning on November 15 of the years indicated below are as follows:

			
Year	Percentage		
2019	104.219	%	
2020	102.813	%	
2021	101.406	%	
2022 and thereafter	100.000	%	

The Indenture contains covenants that, among other things, restrict our ability to incur additional debt or issue certain preferred stock; pay dividends (subject to certain exceptions) or make certain redemptions, repurchases or distributions or make certain other restricted payments or investments; create liens; enter into transactions with affiliates; merge, consolidate or sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets; transfer and sell assets; and create restrictions on dividends or other payments by our restricted subsidiaries. Certain covenants will cease to apply to the Notes for so long as the Notes have investment grade ratings. The Notes will be unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior unsecured basis by all of our current and future U.S. subsidiaries that guarantee the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. As of September 30, 2017, we were in compliance with the covenants under the Indenture.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , we had no off-balance sheet debt or similar obligations, other than financial assurance instruments and operating leases, which are not classified as debt. We do not guarantee any third-party debt.
Seasonality
We expect our operating results to vary seasonally, with revenues typically lowest in the first quarter, higher in the second and third quarters and lower in the fourth quarter than in the second and third quarters. This seasonality reflects the lower volume of solid waste generated during the late fall, winter and early spring in the East and Midwest segments because of decreased construction and demolition activities during winter months in these regions of the U.S. In addition, some of our operating costs may be higher in the winter months. Adverse winter weather conditions slow waste collection activities, resulting in higher labor and operational costs. Greater precipitation in the winter increases the weight of collected municipal solid waste, resulting in higher disposal costs, which are calculated on a per ton basis.
Additionally, certain destructive weather conditions that tend to occur during the second half of the year, such as hurricanes that most often impact the South region, can increase the Company’s revenues in the areas affected. While weather-related and other occurrences can boost revenues through additional work, the earnings generated can be moderated as a result of significant start-up costs and other factors, resulting in earnings at comparatively lower margins. These destructive weather conditions can result in higher fuel costs, higher labor costs, reduced municipal contract productivity and higher disposal costs in disposal neutral markets.
Liquidity Impacts of Income Tax Items
As of September 30, 2017 , we have $10.5 of liabilities associated with unrecognized tax benefits and related interest. These liabilities are primarily included as a component of other long-term liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheet because the Company generally does not anticipate that settlement of the liabilities will require payment of cash within the next 12 months. We are not able to reasonably estimate when we would make any cash payments required to settle these liabilities, but we do not believe that the ultimate settlement of our obligations will materially affect our liquidity.

Financial Assurance
We must provide financial assurance to governmental agencies and a variety of other entities under applicable environmental regulations relating to our landfill operations for capping, closure and post-closure costs, and related to our performance under certain collection, landfill and transfer station contracts. We satisfy these financial assurance requirements by providing surety bonds and letters of credit. The amount of the financial assurance requirements for capping, closure and post-closure costs is determined by applicable state environmental regulations. The financial assurance requirements for capping, closure and post-closure costs may be associated with a portion of the landfill or the entire landfill. Generally, states require a third-party engineering specialist to determine the estimated capping, closure and post-closure costs that are used to determine the required amount of financial assurance for a landfill. The amount of financial assurance required can, and generally will, differ from the

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obligation determined and recorded under U.S. GAAP. The amount of the financial assurance requirements related to contract performance varies by contract. Additionally, we must provide financial assurance for our insurance program and collateral for certain performance obligations. We do not expect a material increase in financial assurance requirements in the foreseeable future, although the mix of financial assurance instruments may change.
These financial instruments are issued in the normal course of business and are not considered company indebtedness. Because we currently have no liability for these financial assurance instruments, they are not reflected in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. However, we record capping, closure and post-closure liabilities and self-insurance liabilities as they are incurred. The underlying obligations of the financial assurance instruments, in excess of those already reflected in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, would be recorded if it is probable that we would be unable to fulfill our related obligations. We do not expect this to occur.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Our estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience and changes in the business environment. However, actual results may differ from estimates under different conditions, sometimes materially. Critical accounting policies and estimates are defined as those that are both most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results and require management’s most subjective judgments. A summary of significant accounting policies is disclosed in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our critical accounting policies are further described under the caption “Discussion of Critical Accounting Policies” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Recently Issued and Proposed Accounting Standards
For a description of new accounting standards that may affect us, see Note 2, Basis of Presentation, to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part 1 of this Form 10-Q.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Information about market risks as of September 30, 2017, does not differ materially from that included in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.
Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2017 , our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II: OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Information regarding our legal proceedings can be found under the Litigation and Other Matters section of Note 8 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes from risk factors previously disclosed in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K in response to Item 1A to Part I of Form 10-K or previously disclosed in our 2017 Second Quarter Report on Form 10-Q in response to Item 1A to Part II of Form 10-Q.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities
Not applicable.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
Not applicable.

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Item 6. Exhibits

			
 	 	 	
Exhibit 31.1	  	Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	
 	 	
Exhibit 31.2	  	Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	
 	 	
Exhibit 32.1	  	Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	
 	 	
Exhibit 32.2	  	Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	
 	 	
Exhibit 101.INS	  	XBRL Instance Document	
 	 	
Exhibit 101.SCH	  	XBRL Extension Schema Document	
 	 	
Exhibit 101.CAL	  	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document	
 	 	
Exhibit 101.DEF	  	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document	
 	 	
Exhibit 101.LAB	  	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document	
 	 	
Exhibit 101.PRE	  	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document	

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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	
							
November 3, 2017	 	 	 	Advanced Disposal Services, Inc.	
 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	By:	 	/s/ Steven R. Carn	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Steven R. Carn	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Chief Financial Officer	

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Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a)
UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Richard Burke certify that:
i. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of Advanced Disposal Services, Inc.;
ii. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
iii. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
iv. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a — 15(e) and 15d — 15(e)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(c) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
v. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
November 3, 2017
By: /s/ RICHARD BURKE
Richard Burke
Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a)
UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Steven R. Carn, certify that:
i. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of Advanced Disposal Services, Inc.;
ii. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
iii. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
iv. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a — 15(e) and 15d — 15(e)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(c) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
v. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
November 3, 2017
By: /s/ STEVEN R. CARN
Steven R. Carn
Chief Financial Officer

Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Advanced Disposal Services, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2017 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Richard Burke, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
November 3, 2017
By: /s/ RICHARD BURKE
Richard Burke
Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Advanced Disposal Services, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2017 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Steven R. Carn, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
November 3, 2017
By: /s/ STEVEN R. CARN
Steven R. Carn
Chief Financial Officer