INVITAE CORP, 10-Q filed on 8/6/2019
Quarterly Report
v3.19.2
Cover Page - shares
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Jul. 26, 2019
Cover page.    
Entity Registrant Name Invitae Corp  
Document Type 10-Q  
Document Transition Report false  
Title of 12(b) Security Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share  
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code DE  
Document Quarterly Report true  
Entity Central Index Key 0001501134  
Document Period End Date Jun. 30, 2019  
Entity File Number 001-36847  
Amendment Flag false  
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31  
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes  
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes  
Entity Filer Category Accelerated Filer  
Entity Small Business false  
Entity Emerging Growth Company true  
Entity Ex Transition Period true  
Entity Shell Company false  
Security Exchange Name NYSE  
Trading Symbol NVTA  
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   95,175,277
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2019  
Document Fiscal Period Focus Q2  
Entity Tax Identification Number 27-1701898  
Entity Address, Address Line One 1400 16th Street  
Entity Address, City or Town San Francisco  
Entity Address, State or Province CA  
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 94103  
City Area Code 415  
Local Phone Number 374-7782  
v3.19.2
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Current assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 247,000 $ 112,158
Marketable securities 800 13,727
Accounts receivable 23,143 26,296
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 16,976 13,258
Total current assets 287,919 165,439
Property and equipment, net 29,021 27,886
Operating lease assets 40,228  
Restricted cash 6,243 6,006
Intangible assets, net 57,832 30,469
Goodwill 76,556 50,095
Other assets 5,103 3,064
Total assets 502,902 282,959
Current liabilities:    
Accounts payable 5,255 7,812
Accrued liabilities 27,801 26,563
Operating lease obligations 5,102  
Finance lease obligations 1,934  
Finance lease obligations   1,937
Total current liabilities 40,092 36,312
Operating lease obligations, net of current portion 45,694  
Finance lease obligations, net of current portion 429  
Finance lease obligations, net of current portion   1,375
Debt 75,184 74,477
Other long-term liabilities 0 8,956
Total liabilities 161,399 121,120
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Stockholders’ equity:    
Common stock 9 8
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 0 (5)
Additional paid-in capital 944,559 678,548
Accumulated deficit (603,065) (516,712)
Total stockholders’ equity 341,503 161,839
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 502,902 $ 282,959
v3.19.2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)
shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Revenue:        
Total revenue $ 53,475 $ 37,306 $ 94,028 $ 64,977
Cost of revenue 28,006 20,447 49,260 38,523
Research and development 25,302 15,784 43,296 31,150
Selling and marketing 30,779 18,707 54,972 37,631
General and administrative 21,274 12,436 34,593 24,216
Loss from operations (51,886) (30,068) (88,093) (66,543)
Other income, net 1,381 188 2,019 1,835
Interest expense (2,121) (1,791) (4,229) (3,083)
Net loss before taxes (52,626) (31,671) (90,303) (67,791)
Income tax benefit (3,950) 0 (3,950) 0
Net loss $ (48,676) $ (31,671) $ (86,353) $ (67,791)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted (in dollars per share) $ (0.54) $ (0.47) $ (1.01) $ (1.12)
Shares used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted (in shares) 90,863 67,807 85,148 60,775
Test revenue        
Revenue:        
Total revenue $ 52,302 $ 36,350 $ 91,921 $ 63,403
Other revenue        
Revenue:        
Total revenue 1,173 956 2,107 1,574
Accumulated deficit:        
Revenue:        
Net loss $ (48,676) $ (31,671) $ (86,353) $ (67,791)
v3.19.2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]        
Net loss $ (48,676) $ (31,671) $ (86,353) $ (67,791)
Other comprehensive income (loss):        
Unrealized income (loss) on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of tax (8) 51 5 62
Comprehensive loss $ (48,684) $ (31,620) $ (86,348) $ (67,729)
v3.19.2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Total
Common stock:
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Additional paid-in capital:
Accumulated deficit:
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]          
Cumulative effect of accounting change         $ 11,241
Balance, beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2017   $ 5 $ (171) $ 520,558 (398,598)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]          
Common stock issued   1   53,479  
Unrealized income on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of tax     62    
Common stock issued on exercise of stock options, net       48  
Common stock issued pursuant to exercises of warrants       3,252  
Common stock issued pursuant to employee stock purchase plan       1,633  
Common stock issued pursuant to business combinations       3,973  
Warrants issued pursuant to loan agreement       383  
Stock-based compensation expense       10,505  
Other       67  
Net loss $ (67,791)       (67,791)
Balance, end of period at Jun. 30, 2018 138,647 6 (109) 593,898 (455,148)
Balance, beginning of period at Mar. 31, 2018   5 (160) 525,592 (423,477)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]          
Common stock issued   1   53,479  
Unrealized income on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of tax     51    
Common stock issued on exercise of stock options, net       26  
Common stock issued pursuant to exercises of warrants       3,083  
Common stock issued pursuant to employee stock purchase plan       1,633  
Common stock issued pursuant to business combinations       3,973  
Stock-based compensation expense       6,112  
Net loss (31,671)       (31,671)
Balance, end of period at Jun. 30, 2018 138,647 6 (109) 593,898 (455,148)
Balance, beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2018 161,839 8 (5) 678,548 (516,712)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]          
Common stock issued   1   184,490  
Unrealized income on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of tax     5    
Common stock issued on exercise of stock options, net       2,432  
Common stock issued pursuant to exercises of warrants       113  
Common stock issued pursuant to employee stock purchase plan       2,578  
Common stock issued pursuant to business combinations       59,442  
Stock-based compensation expense       16,956  
Net loss (86,353)       (86,353)
Balance, end of period at Jun. 30, 2019 341,503 9 0 944,559 (603,065)
Balance, beginning of period at Mar. 31, 2019   9 8 870,784 (554,389)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]          
Common stock issued       0  
Unrealized income on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of tax     (8)    
Common stock issued on exercise of stock options, net       413  
Common stock issued pursuant to exercises of warrants       25  
Common stock issued pursuant to employee stock purchase plan       2,578  
Common stock issued pursuant to business combinations       59,026  
Stock-based compensation expense       11,733  
Net loss (48,676)       (48,676)
Balance, end of period at Jun. 30, 2019 $ 341,503 $ 9 $ 0 $ 944,559 $ (603,065)
v3.19.2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities:    
Net loss $ (86,353) $ (67,791)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:    
Depreciation and amortization 6,725 6,927
Stock-based compensation 19,540 10,505
Remeasurements of liabilities associated with business combinations (286) 709
Benefit from income taxes (3,950) 0
Other 1,182 462
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of business acquired:    
Accounts receivable 3,153 (4,037)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (3,825) (512)
Other assets 2,410 (1,428)
Accounts payable (3,954) (3,106)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 4,267 (396)
Net cash used in operating activities (61,091) (58,667)
Cash flows from investing activities:    
Purchases of marketable securities (20,781) (900)
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities 0 19,965
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities 34,000 2,078
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired 3,193 0
Purchases of property and equipment (8,824) (3,084)
Net cash provided by investing activities 7,588 18,059
Cash flows from financing activities:    
Proceeds from public offerings of common stock, net of issuance costs 184,490 53,480
Proceeds from issuance of common stock 5,123 4,933
Proceeds from debt financing 0 19,781
Finance lease principal payments (1,031)  
Finance lease principal payments   (1,170)
Net cash provided by financing activities 188,582 77,024
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 135,079 36,416
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period 118,164 17,459
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period 253,243 53,875
Supplemental cash flow information of non-cash investing and financing activities:    
Purchases of property and equipment in accounts payable and accrued liabilities 1,059 238
Investment in privately-held company in other assets and accrued liabilities 0 675
Warrants issued pursuant to loan and security agreement 0 383
Common stock issued for acquisition of businesses 59,442 $ 3,973
Lease assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations, net $ 5,615  
v3.19.2
Organization and description of business
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Organization and description of business Organization and description of business
Invitae Corporation ("Invitae," “the Company," "we," "us," and "our") was incorporated in the State of Delaware on January 13, 2010, as Locus Development, Inc. and changed its name to Invitae Corporation in 2012. We utilize an integrated portfolio of laboratory processes, software tools and informatics capabilities to process DNA-containing samples, analyze information about patient-specific genetic variation and generate test reports for clinicians and patients. Our headquarters and main production facility is located in San Francisco, California. We currently have more than 20,000 genes in production and provide a variety of diagnostic tests that can be used in multiple indications. Our tests include genes associated with hereditary cancer, neurological disorders, cardiovascular disorders, pediatric disorders, metabolic disorders and other hereditary conditions. In addition, and as a result of the acquisitions of Good Start Genetics (“Good Start”) in August 2017 and CombiMatrix Corporation (“CombiMatrix”) in November 2017, our services also include screening and testing in reproductive health, including preimplantation and carrier screening for inherited disorders, prenatal diagnosis, miscarriage analysis and pediatric developmental disorders. To complement these, in the first quarter of 2019, we introduced our Non-invasive Prenatal Screen ("NIPS") and to advance this offering, in June 2019 we acquired Singular Bio, Inc. ("Singular Bio") to lower costs associated with NIPS. In July 2019, we acquired Jungla Inc. ("Jungla") to further enhance our genetic variant interpretation. Invitae operates in one segment.
Basis of presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation. The information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year or any other periods.
v3.19.2
Summary of significant accounting policies
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of significant accounting policies Summary of significant accounting policies
Principles of consolidation
Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. We base these estimates on historical and anticipated results, trends and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, including assumptions as to future events. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates and assumptions.
Significant estimates and assumptions made by management include the determination of:
revenue recognition (See Note 3, “Revenue, accounts receivable and deferred revenue” for further information);
the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed for business combinations;
the fair value of goodwill and intangible assets;
the recoverability of long-lived assets;
our incremental borrowing rates used to calculate our lease obligations;
stock-based compensation expense and the fair value of awards issued; and
income tax uncertainties.
Concentrations of credit risk and other risks and uncertainties
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and accounts receivable. Our cash and cash equivalents are held by financial institutions in the United States. Such deposits may exceed federally insured limits.
Significant customers are those that represent 10% or more of our total revenue presented on the statements of operations. We had one significant customer during the periods presented and revenue for this customer as a percentage of our total revenue were as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Medicare
 
23
%
 
18
%
 
22
%
 
17
%
United Healthcare
 
10
%
 
*
 
10.0%
 
*

*  Balance represents less than 10% of total revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our significant customer's accounts receivable balance as a percentage of total accounts receivable was as follows:
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Medicare
*
 
21
%

____________________________
* Balance represents less than 10% of total accounts receivable
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
We consider all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist primarily of amounts invested in money market funds.
Restricted cash consists primarily of money market funds held in irrevocable standby letters of credit that serve as collateral for security deposits for our facility leases.
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same amounts shown in the statements of cash flows (in thousands):
 
June 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
Cash and cash equivalents
$
247,000

 
$
112,158

Restricted cash
6,243

 
6,006

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
$
253,243

 
$
118,164


Accounts receivable
We receive payment for our tests from partners, patients, institutional customers and third-party payers. See Note 3, “Revenue, accounts receivable and deferred revenue” for further information.
Inventory
We maintain test reagents and other consumables primarily used in sample collection kits which are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using actual costs on a first-in, first-out basis. Our inventory was $8.6 million and $8.3 million as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, and was recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets on our consolidated balance sheets.
Business combinations
The tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination are recorded based on their estimated fair values as of the business combination date, including identifiable
intangible assets which either arise from a contractual or legal right or are separable from goodwill. We base the estimated fair value of identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination on independent valuations that use information and assumptions provided by our management, which consider our estimates of inputs and assumptions that a market participant would use. Any excess purchase price over the estimated fair value assigned to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded to goodwill. The use of alternative valuation assumptions, including estimated revenue projections, growth rates, cash flows, discount rates, estimated useful lives and probabilities surrounding the achievement of contingent milestones could result in different purchase price allocations and amortization expense in current and future periods.
In circumstances where an acquisition involves a contingent consideration arrangement that meets the definition of a liability under Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, we recognize a liability equal to the fair value of the contingent payments we expect to make as of the acquisition date. We remeasure this liability each reporting period and record changes in the fair value as a component of operating expenses.
Transaction costs associated with acquisitions are expensed as incurred in general and administrative expenses. Results of operations and cash flows of acquired companies are included in our operating results from the date of acquisition.
Goodwill
In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (“ASC 350”), our goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment on an annual basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable. Under ASC 350, we perform annual impairment reviews of our goodwill balance during the fourth fiscal quarter. In testing for impairment, we compare the fair value of our consolidated single reporting unit to its carrying value including the goodwill of that unit. If the carrying value, including goodwill, exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, we will recognize an impairment loss for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The loss recognized cannot exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.
We have not incurred any goodwill impairment losses in any of the periods presented.
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets
ASC 350 requires companies to test indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually, and more frequently if indicators of impairment exist. ASC 350 includes an optional qualitative assessment for testing indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment that permits companies to assess whether it is more likely than not (i.e., a likelihood of greater than 50%) that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. If a company concludes based on the qualitative assessment that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset or, in the case of goodwill, that the fair value of the related reporting unit, is less than carrying value, it would not have to determine the asset’s or reporting unit’s fair value, as applicable.
In-Process Research and Development
Intangible assets related to in-process research and development costs (“IPR&D”), are considered to be indefinite-lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. If and when development is complete, the associated assets would be deemed finite-lived and would then be amortized based on their respective estimated useful lives at that point in time. Prior to completion of the research and development efforts, the assets are considered indefinite-lived. During this period, the assets will not be amortized but will be tested for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests if we become aware of any events occurring or changes in circumstances that would indicate a reduction in the fair value of the IPR&D projects below their respective carrying amounts.
During the fourth quarter and if business factors indicate more frequently, we perform an assessment of the qualitative factors affecting the fair value of our IPR&D. Impairment losses on indefinite-lived intangible assets are recognized based solely on a comparison of the fair value of an asset to its carrying value, without consideration of any recoverability test. We have not identified any such impairment losses to date.
Fair value of financial instruments
Our financial instruments consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, finance leases and debt. The carrying amounts of certain of these financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued and other current liabilities approximate their current fair value due to the relatively short-term nature of these accounts. Based on borrowing rates available to us, the carrying value of our finance leases and debt approximates their fair values.
Revenue recognition
We recognize revenue when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. All revenues are generated from contracts with customers.
Test revenue is generated primarily from the sale of tests that provide analysis and associated interpretation of the sequencing of parts of the genome.
Other revenue consists primarily of revenue from genome network subscription services which is recognized on a straight-line basis over the subscription term, and revenue from collaboration agreements.
Cost of revenue
Cost of revenue reflects the aggregate costs incurred in delivering the genetic testing results to clinicians and patients and includes expenses for personnel-related costs including stock-based compensation, materials and supplies, equipment and infrastructure expenses associated with testing and allocated overhead including rent, equipment depreciation, amortization of acquired intangibles and utilities.
Stock-based compensation
We measure stock-based payment awards made to employees and directors based on the estimated fair values of the awards and recognize the compensation expense over the requisite service period. We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards and employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”) purchases. The fair value of restricted stock unit (“RSU”) awards with time-based vesting terms is based on the grant date share price. We grant performance-based restricted stock unit (“PRSU”) awards to certain employees which vest upon the achievement of certain performance conditions, subject to the employees’ continued service relationship with us. The probability of vesting is assessed at each reporting period and compensation cost is adjusted based on this probability assessment. We recognize such compensation expense on an accelerated vesting method.
Stock-based compensation expense for awards without a performance condition is recognized using the straight-line method. Stock-based compensation expense is based on the value of the portion of stock-based payment awards that is ultimately expected to vest. As such, our stock-based compensation is reduced for estimated forfeitures at the date of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.
We account for stock issued in connection with business combinations based on the fair value of our common stock on the date of issuance.
Net loss per share
Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration of common stock equivalents. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common share equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury stock method. Potentially dilutive securities, consisting of convertible preferred stock, options to purchase common stock, common stock warrants, and RSUs, are considered to be common stock equivalents and were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would be antidilutive for all periods presented.
Recent accounting pronouncements
We evaluate all Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) issued by the FASB for consideration of their applicability. ASUs not included in the disclosures in this report were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted
In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets. This guidance will become effective for us beginning in the first quarter of 2020 and must be adopted using a modified retrospective approach, with certain exceptions. We are currently evaluating the effect that adoption of this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements.
Recently adopted accounting pronouncements – Leases
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) and in July 2018 issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases and ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements (the foregoing ASUs collectively referred to as “Topic 842”). Under the new guidance, lessees are required to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for all leases at the commencement date and also make expanded disclosures about leasing arrangements.
On January 1, 2019, we adopted Topic 842 using the modified retrospective approach in accordance with Topic 842. Adoption of Topic 842 had a material impact on our consolidated balance sheets, but did not have an impact on our consolidated statements of operations. Prior period amounts were not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under previous lease guidance, ASC 840: Leases. We elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance which, among other things, allowed us to carry forward the historical classification of leases in place as of January 1, 2019.
The effect of the adoption of Topic 842 on our consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2019 was as follows (in thousands):
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
Adjustments Due to the Adoption of Topic 842
 
January 1, 2019
Property and equipment, net
 
$
27,886

 
$
(5,159
)
 
$
22,727

Operating lease assets
 
$

 
$
36,711

 
$
36,711

Other assets
 
$
3,064

 
$
5,159

 
$
8,223

Accrued liabilities
 
$
26,563

 
$
(490
)
 
$
26,073

Operating lease obligations
 
$

 
$
4,697

 
$
4,697

Operating lease obligations, net of current portion
 
$

 
$
41,279

 
$
41,279

Other long-term liabilities
 
$
8,956

 
$
(8,775
)
 
$
181


The adjustments due to the adoption of Topic 842 primarily relate to the recognition of operating and finance lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities. Finance lease assets are recorded within other assets on our consolidated balance sheet and were $5.2 million as of implementation of Topic 842 on January 1, 2019 and $4.4 million as of June 30, 2019.
Under Topic 842, we determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception primarily based on the determination of the party responsible for directing the use of an underlying asset within a contract. Operating leases are included in operating lease assets and operating lease obligations in our consolidated balance sheets. Lease assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. In determining the present value of lease payments, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date which includes significant assumptions made by us including our estimated credit rating. Operating lease right-of-use assets also include any lease payments made prior to the lease commencement date and exclude any lease incentives paid or payable at the lease commencement date. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise any such options. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term.
As allowed under Topic 842, we elected to not apply the recognition requirements of Topic 842 to short-term leases, that is, leases with terms of 12 months or less which do not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that we are reasonably certain to exercise. For short-term leases, we recognize lease payments as operating expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
As a result of our election of the package of practical expedients permitted under the Topic 842 transition guidance, for assets related to facilities leases we elected to account for lease and non-lease components, such as common area maintenance charges, as a single lease component.
We did not identify any material embedded leases with the adoption of Topic 842 and therefore the implementation of Topic 842 primarily focused on the treatment of our previously identified leases.
v3.19.2
Revenue, accounts receivable and deferred revenue
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue, accounts receivable and deferred revenue Revenue, accounts receivable and deferred revenue
Test revenue is generated from sales of diagnostic tests to three groups of customers: institutions, such as hospitals, clinics and partners; patients who pay directly; and patients’ insurance carriers. Amounts billed and collected, and the timing of collections, vary based on whether the payer is an institution, an insurance carrier or a patient. Other revenue consists principally of revenue recognized under collaboration and genome network agreements.
The following table includes our revenues as disaggregated by payer category (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Test revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Institutions
$
9,814

 
$
8,572

 
$
17,968

 
$
15,803

Patient - direct
4,056

 
3,575

 
7,797

 
6,425

Patient - insurance
38,432

 
24,203

 
66,156

 
41,175

Total test revenue
52,302

 
36,350

 
91,921

 
63,403

Other revenue
1,173

 
956

 
2,107

 
1,574

Total revenue
$
53,475

 
$
37,306

 
$
94,028

 
$
64,977


We recognize revenue related to billings based on estimates of the amount that will ultimately be realized. The estimate of the transaction price of test revenue is based on many factors such as length of payer relationship, historical payment patterns, and changes in contract provisions and insurance reimbursement policies. Cash collections for certain diagnostic tests delivered may differ from rates originally estimated. As a result of new information, we updated our estimate of the amounts to be recognized for previously delivered tests which resulted in the following increases to revenue and decreases to our loss from operations and basic and diluted net loss per share (in millions, except per share amounts):
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
$
2.4

 
$
2.3

 
$
2.8

 
$
2.3

Loss from operations
$
(2.4
)
 
$
(2.3
)
 
$
(2.8
)
 
$
(2.3
)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted
$
(0.03
)
 
$
(0.03
)
 
$
(0.03
)
 
$
(0.04
)

The changes in estimates in revenue recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 were primarily related to adjustments to revenue recognized in 2018 from businesses acquired in 2017. We recorded revenue of $2.3 million in the six months ended June 30, 2018 due to a change in estimate related to deletion/duplication analysis for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer using Current Procedure Terminology (CPT) code 81433 in conjunction with CPT code 81432, for tests completed during the second half of 2017.
Accounts receivable
The majority of our accounts receivable represents amounts billed to institutions (e.g., hospitals, clinics, partners) and estimated amounts to be collected from third-party insurance payers for diagnostic test revenue recognized. Also included are amounts due under the terms of collaboration and genome network agreements for diagnostic testing and data aggregation reporting services provided and proprietary platform access rights transferred.
Deferred revenue
We record deferred revenue when cash payments are received or due in advance of our performance related to one or more performance obligations. The amounts deferred to date primarily consist of consideration received pertaining to the estimated exercise of certain re-requisition rights. In order to comply with loss contract rules, our re-requisition rights revenue deferral is no less than the estimated cost of fulfilling related obligations. We recognize revenue related to re-requisition rights as the rights are exercised or expire unexercised, which is generally within 90 days of initial deferral.
v3.19.2
Business combinations
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Business Combinations [Abstract]  
Business combinations Business combinations
Good Start Genetics
In August 2017, we acquired 100% of the fully diluted equity of Good Start, a privately held molecular diagnostics company focused on preimplantation and carrier screening for inherited disorders. As of December 31, 2018, we had a hold-back amount payable for remaining common stock to be issued upon the resolution of outstanding claims from Good Start customers of approximately $1.5 million, of which $0.7 million was settled during the six months ended June 30, 2019, with the remainder settled in July 2019.
Singular Bio
In June 2019, we acquired 100% of the fully diluted equity of Singular Bio, a privately held company developing single molecule detection technology, for approximately $57.3 million, comprised of $53.9 million in the form of 2.5 million shares of our common stock and the remainder in cash. As of June 30, 2019, we have hold-back amounts payable within 12 months of the acquisition date of $1.8 million.
Prior to the acquisition, we entered into a co-development agreement with Singular Bio whereby we paid Singular Bio $3.0 million for a 12-month right of first refusal and an opportunity to conduct due diligence on its business. As of January 2019, we made all required payments under the terms of this agreement.
In connection with the acquisition, all of Singular Bio's equity awards that were outstanding and unvested prior to the acquisition became fully vested per the terms of the merger agreement. The acceleration of vesting required us to allocate the fair value of the equity attributable to pre-combination service to the purchase price and the remaining was considered our post-combination expense. We recognized post-combination expense related to the acceleration of unvested equity of $3.2 million and we also incurred transaction costs of $1.0 million related to the acquisition of Singular Bio; both of these charges were recorded as general and administrative expense during the three months ended June 30, 2019. We included the financial results of Singular Bio in our consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date, which were not material for the three or six months ended June 30, 2019.
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded based on valuations derived from estimated fair value assessments and assumptions used by us. While we believe that our estimates and assumptions underlying the valuations are reasonable, different estimates and assumptions could result in different valuations assigned to the individual assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and the resulting amount of goodwill. The following table summarizes the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition (in thousands):
Cash
$
4,988

Property and equipment
303

In-process research and development
29,988

Total identifiable assets acquired
35,279

Current liabilities assumed
(479
)
Deferred tax liability
(3,950
)
Net identifiable assets acquired
30,850

Goodwill
26,461

Total purchase price
$
57,311


Based on the guidance provided in ASC 805, we accounted for the acquisition of Singular Bio as a business combination in which we determined that 1) Singular Bio was a business which combines inputs and processes to create outputs, and 2) substantially all of the fair value of gross assets acquired was not concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets.
Our purchase price allocation for our acquisition of Singular Bio is preliminary and subject to revision as additional information about fair value of assets and liabilities becomes available. Additional information that existed as of the acquisition date but at the time was unknown to us may become known to us during the remainder of the measurement period, a period not to exceed 12 months from the acquisition date.
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired. The acquisition of Singular Bio resulted in the recognition of $26.5 million of goodwill which we believe consists primarily of technological expertise and capabilities within nucleic acid analysis and the ability to utilize the technology outside NIPS. Goodwill created as a result of the acquisition of Singular Bio is not deductible for tax purposes.
We granted approximately $90.0 million of restricted stock units ("RSUs") under our 2015 Stock Incentive Plan as inducement awards to new employees who joined Invitae in connection with our acquisition of Singular Bio. $45.0 million of the RSUs are time-based and vest in three equal installments in December 2019, June 2020, and December 2020, subject to the employee's continued service with us ("Time-based RSUs") and $45.0 million of the RSUs are performance-based RSUs ("PRSUs") that vest upon the achievement of certain performance conditions over a period of approximately 12 months, subject to the employee's continued service with us. Since the number of awards granted is based on a 30-day volume weighted-average share price with a fixed dollar value, these Time-based RSUs and PRSUs are liability-classified and the fair value will be estimated at each reporting period based on the number of shares that are expected to be issued at each reporting date and our closing stock price, which combined are categorized as Level 3 inputs. Therefore, fair value of the RSUs and the number of shares to be issued will not be fixed until the RSUs vest.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, we recorded research and development stock-based compensation expense of $0.9 million related to the Time-based RSUs and $1.7 million related to the PRSUs based on our evaluations of the probability of achieving performance conditions. As of June 30, 2019, the Time-based RSUs and PRSUs had a total fair value of $50.3 million and $44.7 million, respectively, based on a total estimated issuance of 4.0 million shares and expectation of the achievement of the performance conditions. As of June 30, 2019, none of the Time-based RSUs or PRSUs granted to these new employees had vested.     
The unaudited pro forma financial information in the table below summarizes the combined results of operations for Invitae and Singular Bio as though the companies had been combined as of January 1, 2018. The pro forma amounts have been adjusted for transaction expenses incurred by Singular Bio and us, the impacts of the co-development agreement, the historical interest expense incurred by Singular Bio on its debt and debt-like items, compensation expense recognized in relation to the equity awards granted in connection with the acquisition of Singular Bio, post-combination expenses, income tax benefits resulting from the deferred tax liabilities acquired, and the 2.5 million shares of our common stock issued upon the closing of the Singular Bio transaction.
The following unaudited pro forma financial information is for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved as if the acquisition had taken place as of January 1, 2018 (in thousands, except per share data):
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Revenue
$
53,475

 
$
37,306

 
$
94,028

 
$
64,977

Net loss
(45,454
)
 
(32,122
)
 
(83,121
)
 
(68,723
)
Basic and diluted net loss per share
$
(0.50
)
 
$
(0.46
)
 
$
(0.98
)
 
$
(1.09
)

v3.19.2
Goodwill and intangible assets
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and intangible assets Goodwill and intangible assets
Goodwill
The changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill were as follows (in thousands):
Balance as of December 31, 2018
$
50,095

Goodwill acquired
26,461

Balance as of June 30, 2019
$
76,556


Intangible Assets
The following table presents details of our intangible assets as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Cost
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
 
Weighted Average
Useful Life
(in Years)
 
Cost
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
 
Weighted Average
Useful Life
(in Years)
Customer relationships
$
23,763

 
$
(3,961
)
 
$
19,802

 
10.0
 
$
23,763

 
$
(2,783
)
 
$
20,980

 
10.0
Developed technology
11,963

 
(4,744
)
 
7,219

 
4.8
 
11,963

 
(3,482
)
 
8,481

 
4.8
Non-compete agreement
286

 
(143
)
 
143

 
5.0
 
286

 
(114
)
 
172

 
5.0
Trade name
576

 
(402
)
 
174

 
2.7
 
576

 
(329
)
 
247

 
2.7
Patent licensing agreement
496

 
(54
)
 
442

 
15.0
 
496

 
(37
)
 
459

 
15.0
Favorable leases
247

 
(183
)
 
64

 
2.2
 
247

 
(117
)
 
130

 
2.2
In-process research and development
29,988

 

 
29,988

 
n/a
 

 

 

 
n/a
 
$
67,319

 
$
(9,487
)
 
$
57,832

 
 
 
$
37,331

 
$
(6,862
)
 
$
30,469

 
 


Acquisition-related intangibles included in the above table are finite-lived, other than in-process research and development which has an indefinite life, and are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Customer relationships are being amortized on an accelerated basis, in proportion to estimated cash flows. All other finite-lived acquisition-related intangibles are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated lives, which approximates the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are realized. Amortization expense was $1.3 million for both three-month periods ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, and $2.6 million and $2.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Amortization expense is recorded to cost of revenue, research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative expense.
The following table summarizes our estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets with finite lives as of June 30, 2019 (in thousands):
2019 (remainder of year)
$
2,625

2020
5,525

2021
5,829

2022
4,124

2023
3,111

Thereafter
6,630

Total estimated future amortization expense
$
27,844


v3.19.2
Balance sheet components
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]  
Balance sheet components Balance sheet components
Property and equipment, net
Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Leasehold improvements
$
14,049

 
$
13,034

Laboratory equipment
25,341

 
22,149

Equipment under capital lease

 
7,129

Computer equipment
4,976

 
4,723

Software
2,663

 
2,594

Furniture and fixtures
901

 
784

Automobiles
20

 
20

Construction-in-progress
7,000

 
1,962

Total property and equipment, gross
54,950

 
52,395

Accumulated depreciation and amortization
(25,929
)
 
(24,509
)
Total property and equipment, net
$
29,021

 
$
27,886


Depreciation expense was $1.8 million and $2.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $3.4 million and $4.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Accrued liabilities
Accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Accrued compensation and related expenses
$
11,187

 
$
7,917

Liabilities associated with business combinations
5,090

 
6,460

Liability associated with co-development agreement

 
2,000

Deferred revenue
1,072

 
761

Other
10,452

 
9,425

Total accrued liabilities
$
27,801

 
$
26,563


Other long-term liabilities
Other long-term liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Lease incentive obligation, non-current
$

 
$
3,280

Deferred rent, non-current

 
5,495

Other non-current liabilities

 
181

Total other long-term liabilities
$

 
$
8,956

v3.19.2
Fair value measurements
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair value measurements Fair value measurements
 
Financial assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The authoritative guidance establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value based upon whether such inputs are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect market assumptions made by the reporting entity.
The three-level hierarchy for the inputs to valuation techniques is summarized as follows:
Level 1—Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical instruments in active markets.
Level 2—Observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, or model-derived valuations whose significant inputs are observable.
Level 3—Unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions.
The following tables set forth the fair value of our consolidated financial instruments that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
 
June 30, 2019
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains
 
Losses
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

Money market funds
$
242,652

 
$

 
$

 
$
242,652

 
$
242,652

 
$

 
$

Certificates of deposit
300

 

 

 
300

 

 
300

 

Commercial paper
500

 

 

 
500

 

 
500

 

Total financial assets
$
243,452

 
$

 
$

 
$
243,452

 
$
242,652

 
$
800

 
$

 
June 30, 2019
Reported as:
 

Cash equivalents
$
236,409

Restricted cash
6,243

Marketable securities
800

Total cash equivalents, restricted cash, and marketable securities
$
243,452


 
December 31, 2018
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains
 
Losses
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

Money market funds
$
93,934

 
$

 
$

 
$
93,934

 
$
93,934

 
$

 
$

Certificates of deposit
300

 

 

 
300

 

 
300

 

Commercial paper
10,908

 

 
(1
)
 
10,907

 

 
10,907

 

U.S. treasury notes
9,990

 

 

 
9,990

 
9,990

 

 

U.S. government agency securities
6,001

 

 
(4
)
 
5,997

 

 
5,997

 

Total financial assets
$
121,133

 
$

 
$
(5
)
 
$
121,128

 
$
103,924

 
$
17,204

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contingent consideration
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
4,998

 

 

 
$
4,998

Total financial liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
4,998

 

 

 
$
4,998

 
December 31, 2018
Reported as:
 

Cash equivalents
$
101,395

Restricted cash
6,006

Marketable securities
13,727

Total cash equivalents, restricted cash, and marketable securities
$
121,128

 
 
Accrued liabilities
$
4,998


There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 during the periods presented. The total fair value of investments with unrealized losses at June 30, 2019 was nil. None of the available-for-sale securities held
as of June 30, 2019 has been in a continuous unrealized loss position for more than one year. We have not identified any other-than-temporary declines in market value and thus have not recorded any impairment charges on our financial assets during the six months ended June 30, 2019. 
At June 30, 2019, the remaining contractual maturities of available-for-sale securities ranged from zero to one month.
 
 Our certificates of deposit, commercial paper, and debt securities of U.S. government agency entities are classified as Level 2 as they are valued based upon quoted market prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant inputs are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets. Where applicable, these models project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to a present value using market-based observable inputs obtained from various third-party data providers, including but not limited to benchmark yields, interest rate curves, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes and reference data.
As of December 31, 2018, we had a contingent obligation of $5.0 million of our common stock calculated using a 30-day trailing average share price to the former owners of AltaVoice in conjunction with our acquisition of AltaVoice in January 2017. The amount of the contingent obligation was dependent upon 2017 and 2018 revenue attributable to AltaVoice. Since revenue attributable to AltaVoice for the combined period of 2017 and 2018 was greater than the $10 million contingent milestone, in April 2019 we issued 0.2 million shares of our common stock to the former owners of AltaVoice which had a fair value on the date of issuance of $5.2 million to settle this contingent obligation.
The fair value of our outstanding debt is estimated using the net present value of future debt payments, discounted at an interest rate that is consistent with market interest rates, which is a Level 2 input. The estimated fair value of our outstanding debt at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 approximated the carrying values.
v3.19.2
Commitments and contingencies
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Commitments and contingencies Commitments and contingencies
Leases
Operating leases
In 2015, we entered into a lease agreement for our headquarters and main production facility in San Francisco, California which commenced in 2016. This lease expires in July 2026 and we may renew the lease for an additional ten years. This optional period was not considered reasonably certain to be exercised and therefore we determined the lease term to be a ten-year period expiring in 2026. In connection with the execution of the lease, we provided a security deposit of approximately $4.6 million which is included in restricted cash in our consolidated balance sheets. We also have other operating leases for office and laboratory space in California and Massachusetts. We expect to enter into new leases and modifying existing leases as we support continued growth of our operations.
As of June 30, 2019, the weighted-average remaining lease term for our operating leases was 6.1 years and the weighted-average discount rate used to determine our operating lease liability was 11.5%. Cash payments included in the measurement of our operating lease liabilities were $2.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and $4.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019.
The components of lease costs, which were included in cost of revenue, research and development, selling and marketing and general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statements of operations were as follows (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Operating lease costs
$
2,564

 
$
2,392

 
$
5,081

 
$
4,832

Sublease income
(43
)
 
(39
)
 
(86
)
 
(78
)
Total operating lease costs
2,521

 
2,353

 
4,995

 
4,754

Finance lease costs
391

 
446

 
811

 
955

Total lease costs
$
2,912

 
$
2,799

 
$
5,806

 
$
5,709


Future minimum payments under non-cancelable operating leases as of June 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):
2019 (remainder of year)
$
5,491

2020
10,636

2021
10,698

2022
10,636

2023
9,912

Thereafter
28,249

Future non-cancelable minimum operating lease payments
75,622

Less: minimum payments to be received from non-cancelable subleases
(88
)
Total future non-cancelable minimum operating lease payments, net
75,534

Less: imputed interest
(24,738
)
Total operating lease liabilities
50,796

Less: current portion
(5,102
)
Operating lease obligations, net of current portion
$
45,694


Finance leases
We have entered into various finance lease agreements to obtain laboratory equipment. The terms of our finance leases are generally three years with a weighted-average remaining lease term of 1.2 years as of June 30, 2019 and are typically secured by the underlying equipment. The weighted-average discount rate used to determine our finance lease liability was 6.2%. The portion of the future payments designated as principal repayment was classified as a finance lease obligation on our consolidated balance sheets. Cash payments included in the measurement of our finance lease liabilities were $0.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019.
Future payments under finance leases at June 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):
2019 (remainder of year)
$
1,103

2020
1,354

Total finance lease obligations
2,457

Less: interest
(94
)
Present value of net minimum finance lease payments
2,363

Less: current portion
(1,934
)
Finance lease obligations, net of current portion
$
429


Debt financing
In November 2018, we entered into a Note Purchase Agreement (the "2018 Note Purchase Agreement") pursuant to which we were eligible to borrow an aggregate principal amount up to $200.0 million over a seven year maturity term which included an initial borrowing of $75.0 million in November 2018. We received net proceeds of $10.3 million after terminating and repaying the balance of our obligations of approximately $64.7 million with our previous lender.
At June 30, 2019, obligations under the 2018 Note Purchase Agreement were $75.0 million which are required to be repaid to the lender in a balloon payment no later than 2025. If we repay prior to the three year anniversary following the initial borrowing, in addition to other prepayment fees, the amount due will be: 117.5% of the principal amount if payment is made within 12 months after the borrowing; 132.5% of the principal amount if payment is made between 12 and 24 months after the borrowing; and 145.0% of the principal amount if payment is made between 24 and 36 months after the borrowing, all less the interest payments we've made since our initial borrowing.
The outstanding principal amount under the 2018 Note Purchase Agreement bears interest at a rate of 8.75% annually. In addition, beginning on January 1, 2020 and continuing until repayment or maturity of any outstanding principal, we will make quarterly payments of 0.5% of our annual net revenues subject to a maximum annual amount of such payments of $1.6 million which will be recognized as interest expense. Through the fixed interest charges and the quarterly revenue payments, we are required to pay total amounts to generate an 11%
internal rate of return to the lender on any outstanding principal balances due in a lump-sum upon the repayment or maturity of any outstanding principal. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the 2018 Note Purchase Agreement bore interest at an average interest rate of 10.6%.
The 2018 Note Purchase Agreement contains quarterly covenants to achieve certain revenue levels as well as additional covenants, including limits on our ability to dispose of assets, undergo a change of control, merge with or acquire other entities, incur debt, incur liens, pay dividends or other distributions to holders of our capital stock, repurchase stock and make investments, in each case subject to certain exceptions. Our obligations under the 2018 Note Purchase Agreement are secured by a security interest in substantially all of our and certain of our subsidiaries’ assets.
Debt discounts, including debt issuance costs, related to the 2018 Note Purchase Agreement of $0.7 million were recorded as a direct deduction from the debt liability and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2018 Note Purchase Agreement. Future estimated payments under the 2018 Note Purchase Agreement as of June 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):
2019 (remainder of year)
$
3,354

2020
8,297

2021
8,279

2022
8,279

2023
8,279

Thereafter
89,952

Total remaining payments
126,440

Less: debt discount
(668
)
Less: interest
(50,588
)
Total debt
$
75,184


Interest expense related to our debt financings was $2.0 million and $1.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $3.9 million and $2.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Other commitments
In the normal course of business, we enter into various purchase commitments primarily related to service agreements and laboratory supplies. At June 30, 2019, our total future payments under noncancelable unconditional purchase commitments having a remaining term of over one year were $3.1 million.
Guarantees and indemnifications
As permitted under Delaware law and in accordance with our bylaws, we indemnify our directors and officers for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is or was serving in such capacity. The maximum amount of potential future indemnification is unlimited; however, we maintain director and officer liability insurance. This insurance allows the transfer of the risk associated with our exposure and may enable us to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. We believe the fair value of these indemnification agreements is minimal. Accordingly, we did not record any liabilities associated with these indemnification agreements at June 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018.
Contingencies
We were not a party to any material legal proceedings at June 30, 2019, or at the date of this report. We may from time to time become involved in various legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business, and the resolution of any such claims could be material.
v3.19.2
Stockholders' equity
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Equity [Abstract]  
Stockholders' equity Stockholders’ equity
Shares Outstanding
Shares of convertible preferred and common stock were as follows (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Convertible preferred stock:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares outstanding, beginning of period
125

 
3,459

 
3,459

 
3,459

Conversion into common stock

 

 
(3,334
)
 

Shares outstanding, end of period
125

 
3,459

 
125

 
3,459

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares outstanding, beginning of period
89,601

 
53,710

 
75,481

 
53,597

Common stock issued in connection with public offering

 
12,778

 
10,350

 
12,778

Common stock issued on exercise of stock options, net
80

 
9

 
340

 
20

Common stock issued pursuant to vesting of RSUs
1,124

 
902

 
1,245

 
968

Common stock issued pursuant to exercises of warrants
4

 
518

 
19

 
546

Common stock issued pursuant to employee stock purchase plan
235

 
276

 
235

 
276

Common stock issued pursuant to business combinations
2,719

 
783

 
2,759

 
783

Common stock issued upon conversion of preferred stock

 

 
3,334

 

Other

 

 

 
8

Shares outstanding, end of period
93,763

 
68,976

 
93,763

 
68,976


2018 Sales Agreement
In August 2018, we entered into a Common Stock Sales Agreement (the “2018 Sales Agreement”) with Cowen and Company, LLC (“Cowen”), under which we may offer and sell from time to time at our sole discretion shares of our common stock through Cowen as our sales agent, in an aggregate amount not to exceed $75.0 million. Cowen may sell the shares by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act of 1933, including without limitation sales made directly on The New York Stock Exchange, and also may sell the shares in privately negotiated transactions, subject to our prior approval. Per the terms of the agreement, Cowen receives a commission equal to 3% of the gross proceeds of the sales price of all shares sold through it as sales agent under the 2018 Sales Agreement. In March 2019, we amended the 2018 Sales Agreement to increase the aggregate amount of our common stock to be sold under this agreement not to exceed $175.0 million. During 2018, we sold a total of 4.3 million shares of common stock under the 2018 Sales Agreement for aggregate gross proceeds of $61.1 million and net proceeds of $58.9 million. No shares of our common stock were sold under this agreement during 2019.
Public offerings
In March 2019, we sold, in an underwritten public offering, an aggregate of 10.4 million shares of our common stock at a price of $19.00 per share, for gross proceeds of $196.7 million and net proceeds of $184.5 million.
In April 2018, we sold, in an underwritten public offering, an aggregate of 12.8 million shares of our common stock at a price of $4.50 per share, for gross proceeds of $57.5 million and net proceeds of $53.5 million.
Private placement
In August 2017, in a private placement to certain accredited investors, we issued 5.2 million shares of common stock at a price of $8.50 per share, and 3.5 million shares of our Series A convertible preferred stock at a price of $8.50 per share, for gross proceeds of approximately $73.5 million and net proceeds of $68.9 million. The Series A preferred stock is convertible into common stock on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment for events such as stock splits, combinations and the like. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, 3.3 million shares of Series A convertible preferred stock were converted to 3.3 million shares of common stock.
v3.19.2
Stock incentive plans
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock incentive plans Stock incentive plans
Stock incentive plans
In 2010, we adopted the 2010 Incentive Plan (the “2010 Plan”). The 2010 Plan provides for the granting of stock-based awards to employees, directors and consultants under terms and provisions established by our Board of Directors. Under the terms of the 2010 Plan, options may be granted at an exercise price not less than fair market value. For employees holding more than 10% of the voting rights of all classes of stock, the exercise prices for incentive and nonstatutory stock options must be at least 110% of fair market of the common stock on the grant date, as determined by our Board of Directors. The terms of options granted under the 2010 Plan may not exceed ten years.
In January 2015, we adopted the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”), which became effective upon the closing of our initial public offering (“IPO”). Shares outstanding under the 2010 Plan were transferred to the 2015 Plan upon effectiveness of the 2015 Plan. The 2015 Plan provides for automatic annual increases in shares available for grant, beginning on January 1, 2016 through January 1, 2025. In addition, shares subject to awards under the 2010 Plan that are forfeited or terminated will be added to the 2015 Plan. The 2015 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock awards, stock units, stock appreciation rights and other forms of equity compensation, all of which may be granted to employees, including officers, non-employee directors and consultants. Additionally, the 2015 Plan provides for the grant of cash-based awards. In June 2019, we amended and restated the 2015 Plan to create a pool of shares to be awarded solely as a material inducement to employees.
Options granted generally vest over a period of four years. Typically, the vesting schedule for options granted to newly hired employees provides that 1/4 of the award vests upon the first anniversary of the employee’s date of hire, with the remainder of the award vesting monthly thereafter at a rate of 1/48 of the total shares subject to the option. All other options typically vest in equal monthly installments over the four-year vesting schedule.
RSUs generally vest over a period of three years. Typically, the vesting schedule for RSUs provides that 1/3 of the award vests upon each anniversary of the grant date. We granted Time-based RSUs in connection with the acquisition of Singular Bio which vest in three equal installments over a period of 18 months and PRSUs that vest based on the achievement of performance conditions; see further details in Note 4, "Business Combinations."
Activity under the 2010 Plan and the 2015 Plan is set forth below (in thousands, except per share amounts and years):
 
Shares Available For Grant
 
Stock Options Outstanding
 
Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share
 
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
 
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Balances at December 31, 2018
118

 
3,855

 
$
8.54

 
6.8
 
$
9,927

Additional shares reserved
13,019

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Options granted
(193
)
 
193

 
24.16

 
 
 
 
Options cancelled
16

 
(16
)
 
9.23

 
 
 
 
Options exercised

 
(340
)
 
7.15

 
 
 
 
RSUs granted(1)
(5,546
)
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
RSUs cancelled
106

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Balances at June 30, 2019
7,520

 
3,692

 
$
9.48

 
6.6
 
$
51,878

Options exercisable at June 30, 2019
 
 
2,832

 
$
8.58

 
6.2
 
$
42,268

Options vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2019
 
 
3,576

 
$
9.33

 
6.6
 
$
50,777


(1)
Includes the Time-based RSUs and PRSUs granted as a part of the Singular Bio acquisition which are based on a fixed dollar value. The number of shares issued will be variable until the awards vest. See further details in Note 4, "Business Combinations."

The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying stock options and the fair value of our common stock for stock options that were in-the-money.
The weighted-average fair value of options to purchase common stock granted was $14.52 and $8.08 in the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.  The total grant-date fair value of options to purchase
common stock vested was $2.5 million and $1.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The intrinsic value of options to purchase common stock exercised was $4.5 million and $0.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
The following table summarizes RSU activity, which includes the Time-based RSUs and PRSUs granted in connection with our acquisition of Singular Bio (in thousands, except per share data):
 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Balance at December 31, 2018
4,031

 
$
8.35

RSUs granted
1,268

 
$
21.01

Time-based RSUs and PRSUs granted(1)
4,278

 
$
23.50

RSUs vested
(1,246
)
 
$
11.16

RSUs cancelled
(106
)
 
$
9.91

Balance at June 30, 2019
8,225

 
$
17.74


 (1)
The Time-based RSUs and PRSUs granted as a part of the Singular Bio acquisition in June 2019 are based on a fixed dollar value. The number of shares issued and weighted-average grant date fair value per share will be variable until the awards vest. See further details in Note 4, "Business Combinations."

 2015 employee stock purchase plan
In January 2015, we adopted the 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), which became effective upon the closing of the IPO. Employees participating in the ESPP may purchase common stock at 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of common stock on the purchase date or last trading day preceding the offering date. At June 30, 2019, cash received from payroll deductions pursuant to the ESPP was $0.9 million. At June 30, 2019, a total of 0.8 million shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the ESPP.
 Stock-based compensation
We use the grant date fair value of our common stock to value options when granted. The fair value of share-based payments for options granted to employees and directors was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model which requires input of various assumptions. Changes in assumptions can materially affect the fair value and ultimately how much stock-based compensation is recognized. The assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted are as follows:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Expected term (in years)
6.0
 
6.0
 
6.0
 
6.0
Expected volatility
64.20%
 
59.58%
 
64.20%
 
59.58%
Risk-free interest rate
2.58%
 
2.80%
 
2.58%
 
2.80%

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense included in the consolidated statements of operations (in thousands): 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Cost of revenue
$
2,205

 
$
1,082

 
$
2,856

 
$
1,573

Research and development
6,767

 
2,032

 
8,572

 
3,515

Selling and marketing
2,914

 
1,470

 
4,157

 
2,518

General and administrative
2,431

 
1,528

 
3,955

 
2,899

Total stock-based compensation expense
$
14,317

 
$
6,112

 
$
19,540

 
$
10,505


 
At June 30, 2019, unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options, net of estimated forfeitures, was $5.2 million, which we expect to recognize on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years. Unrecognized compensation expense related to RSUs, including PRSUs, at June 30, 2019, net of estimated forfeitures, was $124.1 million, which we expect to recognize on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average period of 1.3 years. Of this unrecognized compensation expense, $92.3 million is our estimate of what we
expect to recognize related to awards granted in connection with the Singular Bio acquisition which we expect to recognize over a weighted-average period of 1.2 years.
v3.19.2
Net loss per share
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Net loss per share Net loss per share
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Net loss
$
(48,676
)
 
$
(31,671
)
 
$
(86,353
)
 
$
(67,791
)
Shares used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted
90,863

 
67,807

 
85,148

 
60,775

Net loss per share, basic and diluted
$
(0.54
)
 
$
(0.47
)
 
$
(1.01
)
 
$
(1.12
)

 
The following common stock equivalents have been excluded from diluted net loss per share because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive (in thousands): 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Shares of common stock subject to outstanding options
3,669

 
4,060

 
3,714

 
4,079

Shares of common stock subject to outstanding warrants
593

 
1,854

 
601

 
1,904

Shares of common stock subject to outstanding RSUs
4,569

 
3,337

 
4,350

 
2,896

Shares of common stock pursuant to ESPP
46

 
9

 
55

 
4

Shares of common stock underlying Series A convertible preferred stock
125

 
3,459

 
1,288

 
3,459

Total shares of common stock equivalents
9,002

 
12,719

 
10,008

 
12,342


v3.19.2
Geographic information
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Segments, Geographical Areas [Abstract]  
Geographic information Geographic information
Revenue by country is determined based on the billing address of the customer. The following presents revenue by country for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
United States
$
50,368

 
$
34,899

 
$
88,013

 
$
60,806

Canada
882

 
1,096

 
1,847

 
2,104

Rest of world
2,225

 
1,311

 
4,168

 
2,067

Total revenue
$
53,475

 
$
37,306

 
$
94,028

 
$
64,977


 
All long-lived assets at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, were located in the United States.
v3.19.2
Subsequent events
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Subsequent Events [Abstract]  
Subsequent events Subsequent events
In July 2019, we entered into a Stock Purchase and Merger Agreement for 100% of the capital stock of Jungla, a privately held company that focuses on the development and commercialization of a cloud-based platform that combines clinical knowledge with advanced modeling technologies to help clinicians and patients understand the results of genetic and genomic tests. At the closing of the transaction, we issued an aggregate of 1.4 million shares of our common stock and approximately $14.9 million in cash to the former securityholders of Jungla. Up to approximately $0.5 million in cash and 0.2 million additional shares of our common stock are subject to a hold back to satisfy indemnification obligations that may arise following the closing. In addition, approximately $15.0 million, mostly in our common stock, may become payable in connection with the achievement of certain performance milestones within 24 months after the closing of the transaction. Given the timing of the closing of this transaction, we are currently in the process of valuing the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. As a result, we are not yet able to provide the amounts to be recognized as of the acquisition date for the major classes of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and other related disclosures. We will disclose this and other related information in our Form 10-Q for the quarter ending September 30, 2019.
In July 2019, our Board of Directors approved an executive management incentive compensation plan for the 2019 fiscal year under which members of our management team may be eligible to receive incentive compensation in the form of cash and PRSUs based on the level of achievement of a specified revenue goal. Potential payouts range from 0% to 115% of aggregate target cash and PRSU amounts of $1.4 million and 1.0 million shares, respectively.
v3.19.2
Summary of significant accounting policies (Policies)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Principles of consolidation
Principles of consolidation
Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of estimates
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. We base these estimates on historical and anticipated results, trends and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, including assumptions as to future events. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates and assumptions.
Significant estimates and assumptions made by management include the determination of:
revenue recognition (See Note 3, “Revenue, accounts receivable and deferred revenue” for further information);
the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed for business combinations;
the fair value of goodwill and intangible assets;
the recoverability of long-lived assets;
our incremental borrowing rates used to calculate our lease obligations;
stock-based compensation expense and the fair value of awards issued; and
income tax uncertainties.
Concentrations of credit risk and other risks and uncertainties
Concentrations of credit risk and other risks and uncertainties
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and accounts receivable. Our cash and cash equivalents are held by financial institutions in the United States. Such deposits may exceed federally insured limits.
Significant customers are those that represent 10% or more of our total revenue presented on the statements of operations.
Cash cash equivalents and restricted cash
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
We consider all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist primarily of amounts invested in money market funds.
Restricted cash consists primarily of money market funds held in irrevocable standby letters of credit that serve as collateral for security deposits for our facility leases
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable
We receive payment for our tests from partners, patients, institutional customers and third-party payers.
Inventory
Inventory
We maintain test reagents and other consumables primarily used in sample collection kits which are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using actual costs on a first-in, first-out basis.
Business combinations
Business combinations
The tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination are recorded based on their estimated fair values as of the business combination date, including identifiable
intangible assets which either arise from a contractual or legal right or are separable from goodwill. We base the estimated fair value of identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination on independent valuations that use information and assumptions provided by our management, which consider our estimates of inputs and assumptions that a market participant would use. Any excess purchase price over the estimated fair value assigned to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded to goodwill. The use of alternative valuation assumptions, including estimated revenue projections, growth rates, cash flows, discount rates, estimated useful lives and probabilities surrounding the achievement of contingent milestones could result in different purchase price allocations and amortization expense in current and future periods.
In circumstances where an acquisition involves a contingent consideration arrangement that meets the definition of a liability under Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, we recognize a liability equal to the fair value of the contingent payments we expect to make as of the acquisition date. We remeasure this liability each reporting period and record changes in the fair value as a component of operating expenses.
Transaction costs associated with acquisitions are expensed as incurred in general and administrative expenses. Results of operations and cash flows of acquired companies are included in our operating results from the date of acquisition.
Goodwill
Goodwill
In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (“ASC 350”), our goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment on an annual basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable. Under ASC 350, we perform annual impairment reviews of our goodwill balance during the fourth fiscal quarter. In testing for impairment, we compare the fair value of our consolidated single reporting unit to its carrying value including the goodwill of that unit. If the carrying value, including goodwill, exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, we will recognize an impairment loss for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The loss recognized cannot exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets and In-Process Research and Development
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets
ASC 350 requires companies to test indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually, and more frequently if indicators of impairment exist. ASC 350 includes an optional qualitative assessment for testing indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment that permits companies to assess whether it is more likely than not (i.e., a likelihood of greater than 50%) that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. If a company concludes based on the qualitative assessment that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset or, in the case of goodwill, that the fair value of the related reporting unit, is less than carrying value, it would not have to determine the asset’s or reporting unit’s fair value, as applicable.
In-Process Research and Development
Intangible assets related to in-process research and development costs (“IPR&D”), are considered to be indefinite-lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. If and when development is complete, the associated assets would be deemed finite-lived and would then be amortized based on their respective estimated useful lives at that point in time. Prior to completion of the research and development efforts, the assets are considered indefinite-lived. During this period, the assets will not be amortized but will be tested for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests if we become aware of any events occurring or changes in circumstances that would indicate a reduction in the fair value of the IPR&D projects below their respective carrying amounts.
During the fourth quarter and if business factors indicate more frequently, we perform an assessment of the qualitative factors affecting the fair value of our IPR&D. Impairment losses on indefinite-lived intangible assets are recognized based solely on a comparison of the fair value of an asset to its carrying value, without consideration of any recoverability test.
Fair value of financial instruments
Fair value of financial instruments
Our financial instruments consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, finance leases and debt. The carrying amounts of certain of these financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued and other current liabilities approximate their current fair value due to the relatively short-term nature of these accounts. Based on borrowing rates available to us, the carrying value of our finance leases and debt approximates their fair values.
Revenue recognition and cost of revenue
Revenue recognition
We recognize revenue when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. All revenues are generated from contracts with customers.
Test revenue is generated primarily from the sale of tests that provide analysis and associated interpretation of the sequencing of parts of the genome.
Other revenue consists primarily of revenue from genome network subscription services which is recognized on a straight-line basis over the subscription term, and revenue from collaboration agreements.
Cost of revenue
Cost of revenue reflects the aggregate costs incurred in delivering the genetic testing results to clinicians and patients and includes expenses for personnel-related costs including stock-based compensation, materials and supplies, equipment and infrastructure expenses associated with testing and allocated overhead including rent, equipment depreciation, amortization of acquired intangibles and utilities.
Stock-based compensation
Stock-based compensation
We measure stock-based payment awards made to employees and directors based on the estimated fair values of the awards and recognize the compensation expense over the requisite service period. We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards and employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”) purchases. The fair value of restricted stock unit (“RSU”) awards with time-based vesting terms is based on the grant date share price. We grant performance-based restricted stock unit (“PRSU”) awards to certain employees which vest upon the achievement of certain performance conditions, subject to the employees’ continued service relationship with us. The probability of vesting is assessed at each reporting period and compensation cost is adjusted based on this probability assessment. We recognize such compensation expense on an accelerated vesting method.
Stock-based compensation expense for awards without a performance condition is recognized using the straight-line method. Stock-based compensation expense is based on the value of the portion of stock-based payment awards that is ultimately expected to vest. As such, our stock-based compensation is reduced for estimated forfeitures at the date of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.
We account for stock issued in connection with business combinations based on the fair value of our common stock on the date of issuance.
Net loss per share
Net loss per share
Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration of common stock equivalents. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common share equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury stock method. Potentially dilutive securities, consisting of convertible preferred stock, options to purchase common stock, common stock warrants, and RSUs, are considered to be common stock equivalents and were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would be antidilutive for all periods presented.
Recent accounting pronouncements
Recent accounting pronouncements
We evaluate all Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) issued by the FASB for consideration of their applicability. ASUs not included in the disclosures in this report were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted
In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets. This guidance will become effective for us beginning in the first quarter of 2020 and must be adopted using a modified retrospective approach, with certain exceptions. We are currently evaluating the effect that adoption of this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements.
Recently adopted accounting pronouncements – Leases
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) and in July 2018 issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases and ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements (the foregoing ASUs collectively referred to as “Topic 842”). Under the new guidance, lessees are required to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for all leases at the commencement date and also make expanded disclosures about leasing arrangements.
On January 1, 2019, we adopted Topic 842 using the modified retrospective approach in accordance with Topic 842. Adoption of Topic 842 had a material impact on our consolidated balance sheets, but did not have an impact on our consolidated statements of operations. Prior period amounts were not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under previous lease guidance, ASC 840: Leases. We elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance which, among other things, allowed us to carry forward the historical classification of leases in place as of January 1, 2019.
The effect of the adoption of Topic 842 on our consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2019 was as follows (in thousands):
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
Adjustments Due to the Adoption of Topic 842
 
January 1, 2019
Property and equipment, net
 
$
27,886

 
$
(5,159
)
 
$
22,727

Operating lease assets
 
$

 
$
36,711

 
$
36,711

Other assets
 
$
3,064

 
$
5,159

 
$
8,223

Accrued liabilities
 
$
26,563

 
$
(490
)
 
$
26,073

Operating lease obligations
 
$

 
$
4,697

 
$
4,697

Operating lease obligations, net of current portion
 
$

 
$
41,279

 
$
41,279

Other long-term liabilities
 
$
8,956

 
$
(8,775
)
 
$
181


The adjustments due to the adoption of Topic 842 primarily relate to the recognition of operating and finance lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities. Finance lease assets are recorded within other assets on our consolidated balance sheet and were $5.2 million as of implementation of Topic 842 on January 1, 2019 and $4.4 million as of June 30, 2019.
Under Topic 842, we determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception primarily based on the determination of the party responsible for directing the use of an underlying asset within a contract. Operating leases are included in operating lease assets and operating lease obligations in our consolidated balance sheets. Lease assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. In determining the present value of lease payments, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date which includes significant assumptions made by us including our estimated credit rating. Operating lease right-of-use assets also include any lease payments made prior to the lease commencement date and exclude any lease incentives paid or payable at the lease commencement date. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise any such options. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term.
As allowed under Topic 842, we elected to not apply the recognition requirements of Topic 842 to short-term leases, that is, leases with terms of 12 months or less which do not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that we are reasonably certain to exercise. For short-term leases, we recognize lease payments as operating expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
As a result of our election of the package of practical expedients permitted under the Topic 842 transition guidance, for assets related to facilities leases we elected to account for lease and non-lease components, such as common area maintenance charges, as a single lease component.
We did not identify any material embedded leases with the adoption of Topic 842 and therefore the implementation of Topic 842 primarily focused on the treatment of our previously identified leases.
v3.19.2
Summary of significant accounting policies (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of significant customers as percentage of total revenue and total accounts receivable significant customer during the periods presented and revenue for this customer as a percentage of our total revenue were as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Medicare
 
23
%
 
18
%
 
22
%
 
17
%
United Healthcare
 
10
%
 
*
 
10.0%
 
*

*  Balance represents less than 10% of total revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our significant customer's accounts receivable balance as a percentage of total accounts receivable was as follows:
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Medicare
*
 
21
%

Summary of restrictions on cash and cash equivalents
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same amounts shown in the statements of cash flows (in thousands):
 
June 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
Cash and cash equivalents
$
247,000

 
$
112,158

Restricted cash
6,243

 
6,006

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
$
253,243

 
$
118,164


Schedule of cash and cash equivalents
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same amounts shown in the statements of cash flows (in thousands):
 
June 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
Cash and cash equivalents
$
247,000

 
$
112,158

Restricted cash
6,243

 
6,006

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
$
253,243

 
$
118,164


Summary of effect of the adoption of Topic 842
The effect of the adoption of Topic 842 on our consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2019 was as follows (in thousands):
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
Adjustments Due to the Adoption of Topic 842
 
January 1, 2019
Property and equipment, net
 
$
27,886

 
$
(5,159
)
 
$
22,727

Operating lease assets
 
$

 
$
36,711

 
$
36,711

Other assets
 
$
3,064

 
$
5,159

 
$
8,223

Accrued liabilities
 
$
26,563

 
$
(490
)
 
$
26,073

Operating lease obligations
 
$

 
$
4,697

 
$
4,697

Operating lease obligations, net of current portion
 
$

 
$
41,279

 
$
41,279

Other long-term liabilities
 
$
8,956

 
$
(8,775
)
 
$
181


v3.19.2
Revenue, accounts receivable and deferred revenue (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Schedule of disaggregated revenue by payer category
The following table includes our revenues as disaggregated by payer category (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Test revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Institutions
$
9,814

 
$
8,572

 
$
17,968

 
$
15,803

Patient - direct
4,056

 
3,575

 
7,797

 
6,425

Patient - insurance
38,432

 
24,203

 
66,156

 
41,175

Total test revenue
52,302

 
36,350

 
91,921

 
63,403

Other revenue
1,173

 
956

 
2,107

 
1,574

Total revenue
$
53,475

 
$
37,306

 
$
94,028

 
$
64,977


Schedule of change in estimate As a result of new information, we updated our estimate of the amounts to be recognized for previously delivered tests which resulted in the following increases to revenue and decreases to our loss from operations and basic and diluted net loss per share (in millions, except per share amounts):
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
$
2.4

 
$
2.3

 
$
2.8

 
$
2.3

Loss from operations
$
(2.4
)
 
$
(2.3
)
 
$
(2.8
)
 
$
(2.3
)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted
$
(0.03
)
 
$
(0.03
)
 
$
(0.03
)
 
$
(0.04
)

v3.19.2
Business combinations (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Business Combinations [Abstract]  
Summary of fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed The following table summarizes the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition (in thousands):
Cash
$
4,988

Property and equipment
303

In-process research and development
29,988

Total identifiable assets acquired
35,279

Current liabilities assumed
(479
)
Deferred tax liability
(3,950
)
Net identifiable assets acquired
30,850

Goodwill
26,461

Total purchase price
$
57,311


Summary of pro forma information
The following unaudited pro forma financial information is for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved as if the acquisition had taken place as of January 1, 2018 (in thousands, except per share data):
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Revenue
$
53,475

 
$
37,306

 
$
94,028

 
$
64,977

Net loss
(45,454
)
 
(32,122
)
 
(83,121
)
 
(68,723
)
Basic and diluted net loss per share
$
(0.50
)
 
$
(0.46
)
 
$
(0.98
)
 
$
(1.09
)

v3.19.2
Goodwill and intangible assets (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Summary of goodwill
The changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill were as follows (in thousands):
Balance as of December 31, 2018
$
50,095

Goodwill acquired
26,461

Balance as of June 30, 2019
$
76,556


Schedule of finite-lived intangible assets
The following table presents details of our intangible assets as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Cost
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
 
Weighted Average
Useful Life
(in Years)
 
Cost
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
 
Weighted Average
Useful Life
(in Years)
Customer relationships
$
23,763

 
$
(3,961
)
 
$
19,802

 
10.0
 
$
23,763

 
$
(2,783
)
 
$
20,980

 
10.0
Developed technology
11,963

 
(4,744
)
 
7,219

 
4.8
 
11,963

 
(3,482
)
 
8,481

 
4.8
Non-compete agreement
286

 
(143
)
 
143

 
5.0
 
286

 
(114
)
 
172

 
5.0
Trade name
576

 
(402
)
 
174

 
2.7
 
576

 
(329
)
 
247

 
2.7
Patent licensing agreement
496

 
(54
)
 
442

 
15.0
 
496

 
(37
)
 
459

 
15.0
Favorable leases
247

 
(183
)
 
64

 
2.2
 
247

 
(117
)
 
130

 
2.2
In-process research and development
29,988

 

 
29,988

 
n/a
 

 

 

 
n/a
 
$
67,319

 
$
(9,487
)
 
$
57,832

 
 
 
$
37,331

 
$
(6,862
)
 
$
30,469

 
 

Summary of estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets with finite lives
The following table summarizes our estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets with finite lives as of June 30, 2019 (in thousands):
2019 (remainder of year)
$
2,625

2020
5,525

2021
5,829

2022
4,124

2023
3,111

Thereafter
6,630

Total estimated future amortization expense
$
27,844


v3.19.2
Balance sheet components (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]  
Schedule of Property and equipment
Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Leasehold improvements
$
14,049

 
$
13,034

Laboratory equipment
25,341

 
22,149

Equipment under capital lease

 
7,129

Computer equipment
4,976

 
4,723

Software
2,663

 
2,594

Furniture and fixtures
901

 
784

Automobiles
20

 
20

Construction-in-progress
7,000

 
1,962

Total property and equipment, gross
54,950

 
52,395

Accumulated depreciation and amortization
(25,929
)
 
(24,509
)
Total property and equipment, net
$
29,021

 
$
27,886


Schedule of Accrued liabilities
Accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Accrued compensation and related expenses
$
11,187

 
$
7,917

Liabilities associated with business combinations
5,090

 
6,460

Liability associated with co-development agreement

 
2,000

Deferred revenue
1,072

 
761

Other
10,452

 
9,425

Total accrued liabilities
$
27,801

 
$
26,563


Schedule of Other long-term liabilities
Other long-term liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
June 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Lease incentive obligation, non-current
$

 
$
3,280

Deferred rent, non-current

 
5,495

Other non-current liabilities

 
181

Total other long-term liabilities
$

 
$
8,956

v3.19.2
Fair value measurements (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Financial instruments at fair value on a recurring basis
The following tables set forth the fair value of our consolidated financial instruments that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
 
June 30, 2019
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains
 
Losses
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

Money market funds
$
242,652

 
$

 
$

 
$
242,652

 
$
242,652

 
$

 
$

Certificates of deposit
300

 

 

 
300

 

 
300

 

Commercial paper
500

 

 

 
500

 

 
500

 

Total financial assets
$
243,452

 
$

 
$

 
$
243,452

 
$
242,652

 
$
800

 
$

 
June 30, 2019
Reported as:
 

Cash equivalents
$
236,409

Restricted cash
6,243

Marketable securities
800

Total cash equivalents, restricted cash, and marketable securities
$
243,452


 
December 31, 2018
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains
 
Losses
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

Money market funds
$
93,934

 
$

 
$

 
$
93,934

 
$
93,934

 
$

 
$

Certificates of deposit
300

 

 

 
300

 

 
300

 

Commercial paper
10,908

 

 
(1
)
 
10,907

 

 
10,907

 

U.S. treasury notes
9,990

 

 

 
9,990

 
9,990

 

 

U.S. government agency securities
6,001

 

 
(4
)
 
5,997

 

 
5,997

 

Total financial assets
$
121,133

 
$

 
$
(5
)
 
$
121,128

 
$
103,924

 
$
17,204

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contingent consideration
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
4,998

 

 

 
$
4,998

Total financial liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
4,998

 

 

 
$
4,998

 
December 31, 2018
Reported as:
 

Cash equivalents
$
101,395

Restricted cash
6,006

Marketable securities
13,727

Total cash equivalents, restricted cash, and marketable securities
$
121,128

 
 
Accrued liabilities
$
4,998


v3.19.2
Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Components of lease cost
The components of lease costs, which were included in cost of revenue, research and development, selling and marketing and general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statements of operations were as follows (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Operating lease costs
$
2,564

 
$
2,392

 
$
5,081

 
$
4,832

Sublease income
(43
)
 
(39
)
 
(86
)
 
(78
)
Total operating lease costs
2,521

 
2,353

 
4,995

 
4,754

Finance lease costs
391

 
446

 
811

 
955

Total lease costs
$
2,912

 
$
2,799

 
$
5,806

 
$
5,709


Schedule of future minimum payments under operating leases
Future minimum payments under non-cancelable operating leases as of June 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):
2019 (remainder of year)
$
5,491

2020
10,636

2021
10,698

2022
10,636

2023
9,912

Thereafter
28,249

Future non-cancelable minimum operating lease payments
75,622

Less: minimum payments to be received from non-cancelable subleases
(88
)
Total future non-cancelable minimum operating lease payments, net
75,534

Less: imputed interest
(24,738
)
Total operating lease liabilities
50,796

Less: current portion
(5,102
)
Operating lease obligations, net of current portion
$
45,694


Schedule of future minimum lease payments under finance leases
Future payments under finance leases at June 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):
2019 (remainder of year)
$
1,103

2020
1,354

Total finance lease obligations
2,457

Less: interest
(94
)
Present value of net minimum finance lease payments
2,363

Less: current portion
(1,934
)
Finance lease obligations, net of current portion
$
429


Schedule of future payments under amended 2018 loan agreement Future estimated payments under the 2018 Note Purchase Agreement as of June 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):
2019 (remainder of year)
$
3,354

2020
8,297

2021
8,279

2022
8,279

2023
8,279

Thereafter
89,952

Total remaining payments
126,440

Less: debt discount
(668
)
Less: interest
(50,588
)
Total debt
$
75,184


v3.19.2
Stockholders' equity (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Equity [Abstract]  
Schedule of convertible preferred and common stock
Shares of convertible preferred and common stock were as follows (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Convertible preferred stock:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares outstanding, beginning of period
125

 
3,459

 
3,459

 
3,459

Conversion into common stock

 

 
(3,334
)
 

Shares outstanding, end of period
125

 
3,459

 
125

 
3,459

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares outstanding, beginning of period
89,601

 
53,710

 
75,481

 
53,597

Common stock issued in connection with public offering

 
12,778

 
10,350

 
12,778

Common stock issued on exercise of stock options, net
80

 
9

 
340

 
20

Common stock issued pursuant to vesting of RSUs
1,124

 
902

 
1,245

 
968

Common stock issued pursuant to exercises of warrants
4

 
518

 
19

 
546

Common stock issued pursuant to employee stock purchase plan
235

 
276

 
235

 
276

Common stock issued pursuant to business combinations
2,719

 
783

 
2,759

 
783

Common stock issued upon conversion of preferred stock

 

 
3,334

 

Other

 

 

 
8

Shares outstanding, end of period
93,763

 
68,976

 
93,763

 
68,976


v3.19.2
Stock incentive plans (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Schedule of activity under the plans
Activity under the 2010 Plan and the 2015 Plan is set forth below (in thousands, except per share amounts and years):
 
Shares Available For Grant
 
Stock Options Outstanding
 
Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share
 
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
 
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Balances at December 31, 2018
118

 
3,855

 
$
8.54

 
6.8
 
$
9,927

Additional shares reserved
13,019

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Options granted
(193
)
 
193

 
24.16

 
 
 
 
Options cancelled
16

 
(16
)
 
9.23

 
 
 
 
Options exercised

 
(340
)
 
7.15

 
 
 
 
RSUs granted(1)
(5,546
)
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
RSUs cancelled
106

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Balances at June 30, 2019
7,520

 
3,692

 
$
9.48

 
6.6
 
$
51,878

Options exercisable at June 30, 2019
 
 
2,832

 
$
8.58

 
6.2
 
$
42,268

Options vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2019
 
 
3,576

 
$
9.33

 
6.6
 
$
50,777


(1)
Includes the Time-based RSUs and PRSUs granted as a part of the Singular Bio acquisition which are based on a fixed dollar value. The number of shares issued will be variable until the awards vest. See further details in Note 4, "Business Combinations."
Summary of RSU activity
The following table summarizes RSU activity, which includes the Time-based RSUs and PRSUs granted in connection with our acquisition of Singular Bio (in thousands, except per share data):
 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Balance at December 31, 2018
4,031

 
$
8.35

RSUs granted
1,268

 
$
21.01

Time-based RSUs and PRSUs granted(1)
4,278

 
$
23.50

RSUs vested
(1,246
)
 
$
11.16

RSUs cancelled
(106
)
 
$
9.91

Balance at June 30, 2019
8,225

 
$
17.74


 (1)
The Time-based RSUs and PRSUs granted as a part of the Singular Bio acquisition in June 2019 are based on a fixed dollar value. The number of shares issued and weighted-average grant date fair value per share will be variable until the awards vest. See further details in Note 4, "Business Combinations."
Schedule of assumptions used in determination of fair value of options The assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted are as follows:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Expected term (in years)
6.0
 
6.0
 
6.0
 
6.0
Expected volatility
64.20%
 
59.58%
 
64.20%
 
59.58%
Risk-free interest rate
2.58%
 
2.80%
 
2.58%
 
2.80%

Summary of stock based compensation expense
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense included in the consolidated statements of operations (in thousands): 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Cost of revenue
$
2,205

 
$
1,082

 
$
2,856

 
$
1,573

Research and development
6,767

 
2,032

 
8,572

 
3,515

Selling and marketing
2,914

 
1,470

 
4,157

 
2,518

General and administrative
2,431

 
1,528

 
3,955

 
2,899

Total stock-based compensation expense
$
14,317

 
$
6,112

 
$
19,540

 
$
10,505


v3.19.2
Net loss per share (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Schedule of earnings per share, basic and diluted
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Net loss
$
(48,676
)
 
$
(31,671
)
 
$
(86,353
)
 
$
(67,791
)
Shares used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted
90,863

 
67,807

 
85,148

 
60,775

Net loss per share, basic and diluted
$
(0.54
)
 
$
(0.47
)
 
$
(1.01
)
 
$
(1.12
)

Schedule of antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share
The following common stock equivalents have been excluded from diluted net loss per share because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive (in thousands): 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Shares of common stock subject to outstanding options
3,669

 
4,060

 
3,714

 
4,079

Shares of common stock subject to outstanding warrants
593

 
1,854

 
601

 
1,904

Shares of common stock subject to outstanding RSUs
4,569

 
3,337

 
4,350

 
2,896

Shares of common stock pursuant to ESPP
46

 
9

 
55

 
4

Shares of common stock underlying Series A convertible preferred stock
125

 
3,459

 
1,288

 
3,459

Total shares of common stock equivalents
9,002

 
12,719

 
10,008

 
12,342


v3.19.2
Geographic information (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Segments, Geographical Areas [Abstract]  
Schedule of revenue by country The following presents revenue by country for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
United States
$
50,368

 
$
34,899

 
$
88,013

 
$
60,806

Canada
882

 
1,096

 
1,847

 
2,104

Rest of world
2,225

 
1,311

 
4,168

 
2,067

Total revenue
$
53,475

 
$
37,306

 
$
94,028

 
$
64,977


v3.19.2
Organization and description of business - Additional Information (Details)
gene in Thousands
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Segment
gene
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Number of genes | gene 20
Number of operating segments | Segment 1
v3.19.2
Summary of significant accounting policies - Schedule of customers revenue as percentage of total revenue (Details) - Customer Concentration Risk - Total Revenue
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Medicare        
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]        
Concentration risk (as a percent) 23.00% 18.00% 22.00% 17.00%
United Healthcare        
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]        
Concentration risk (as a percent) 10.00%   10.00%  
v3.19.2
Summary of significant accounting policies - Schedule of significant customers as percentage of total accounts receivable (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Customer Concentration Risk | Total Accounts Receivable | Medicare  
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]  
Concentration risk (as a percent) 21.00%
v3.19.2
Summary of significant accounting policies - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]          
Inventory $ 8,600,000   $ 8,600,000   $ 8,300,000
Goodwill impairment losses $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0  
v3.19.2
Summary of significant accounting policies - Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Jun. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]        
Cash and cash equivalents $ 247,000 $ 112,158    
Restricted cash 6,243 6,006    
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 253,243 $ 118,164 $ 53,875 $ 17,459
v3.19.2
Summary of significant accounting policies - Summary of effect of the adoption of Topic 842 (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2019
Jan. 01, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]      
Property and equipment, net $ 29,021 $ 22,727 $ 27,886
Operating lease assets 40,228 36,711  
Other assets 5,103 8,223 3,064
Accrued liabilities 27,801 26,073 26,563
Operating lease obligations 5,102 4,697  
Operating lease obligations, net of current portion 45,694 41,279  
Other long-term liabilities 0 181 $ 8,956
Finance lease asset $ 4,400 5,200  
Adjustments Due to the Adoption of Topic 842      
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]      
Property and equipment, net   (5,159)  
Operating lease assets   36,711  
Other assets   5,159  
Accrued liabilities   (490)  
Operating lease obligations   4,697  
Operating lease obligations, net of current portion   41,279  
Other long-term liabilities   $ (8,775)  
v3.19.2
Revenue, accounts receivable and deferred revenue - Schedule of disaggregated revenue by payer category (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]        
Total revenue $ 53,475 $ 37,306 $ 94,028 $ 64,977
Test revenue        
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]        
Total revenue 52,302 36,350 91,921 63,403
Test revenue | Institutions        
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]        
Total revenue 9,814 8,572 17,968 15,803
Test revenue | Patient - direct        
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]        
Total revenue 4,056 3,575 7,797 6,425
Test revenue | Patient - insurance        
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]        
Total revenue 38,432 24,203 66,156 41,175
Other revenue        
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]        
Total revenue $ 1,173 $ 956 $ 2,107 $ 1,574
v3.19.2
Revenue, accounts receivable and deferred revenue - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]        
Total revenue $ 53,475 $ 37,306 $ 94,028 $ 64,977
Revenue re-requisition rights period     90 days  
Change in estimate of revenue recognition        
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]        
Total revenue 2,400 2,300 $ 2,800 2,300
Test revenue        
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]        
Total revenue $ 52,302 $ 36,350 $ 91,921 63,403
Test revenue | Change in estimate of revenue recognition        
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]        
Total revenue       $ 2,300
v3.19.2
Revenue, accounts receivable and deferred revenue - Schedule of change in estimate (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]        
Total revenue $ 53,475 $ 37,306 $ 94,028 $ 64,977
Change in loss from operations $ 51,886 $ 30,068 $ 88,093 $ 66,543
Net loss per share, basic and diluted $ 0.54 $ 0.47 $ 1.01 $ 1.12
Change in estimate of revenue recognition        
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]        
Total revenue $ 2,400 $ 2,300 $ 2,800 $ 2,300
Change in loss from operations $ (2,400) $ (2,300) $ (2,800) $ (2,300)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted $ (0.03) $ (0.03) $ (0.03) $ (0.04)
v3.19.2
Business combinations - Good Start Genetics (Details) - Good Start Genetics - USD ($)
$ in Millions
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Aug. 31, 2017
Business Acquisition [Line Items]    
Percentage of diluted interest acquired   100.00%
Business combination remaining hold back amount payable upon settlement of outstanding claims $ 1.5  
Business combination remaining hold back amount settled $ 0.7  
v3.19.2
Business combinations - Singular Bio - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
May 31, 2019
Jun. 30, 2019
Apr. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2018
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                
Business acquisition common stock issued, shares     200,000          
Goodwill   $ 76,556   $ 76,556   $ 76,556   $ 50,095
Total stock-based compensation expense       $ 14,317 $ 6,112 $ 19,540 $ 10,505  
Singular Bio                
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                
Percentage of diluted interest acquired   100.00%   100.00%   100.00%    
Business combination, total purchase consideration   $ 57,300            
Business acquisition common stock issued, value   $ 53,900   $ 53,900   $ 53,900    
Business acquisition common stock issued, shares   2,500,000            
Transaction costs       1,000        
Goodwill   $ 26,461   26,461   $ 26,461    
Common stock | Singular Bio                
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                
Business acquisition common stock issued, shares related to hold back   1,800,000            
Acceleration of vested equity | Singular Bio                
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                
Transaction costs       $ 3,200        
Stock incentive plans                
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                
Vesting period           4 years    
Vesting rate upon anniversaries (as a percent)           25.00%    
Stock incentive plans | Singular Bio                
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                
RSUs granted (in shares)       4,000,000.0        
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)                
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                
RSUs granted (in shares)           1,268,000    
Vested stock units awarded (in shares)           1,246,000    
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | Stock incentive plans                
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                
Vesting period           3 years    
RSUs granted (in shares)           5,546,000    
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | Stock incentive plans | Singular Bio                
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                
Business acquisition, value of units granted   $ 90,000   $ 90,000   $ 90,000    
Vested stock units awarded (in shares)           0    
RSU - Service based | Stock incentive plans | Singular Bio                
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                
Business acquisition, value of units granted   $ 45,000   45,000   $ 45,000    
Total stock-based compensation expense       900   $ 900    
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in Period, Fair Value       50,300        
RSU - Performance based | Stock incentive plans | Singular Bio                
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                
Vesting period   12 months       18 months    
Business acquisition, value of units granted   $ 45,000   45,000   $ 45,000    
Total stock-based compensation expense       1,700   $ 1,700    
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in Period, Fair Value       $ 44,700        
First anniversary | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | Stock incentive plans                
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                
Vesting rate upon anniversaries (as a percent)           33.33%    
First anniversary | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | Stock incentive plans | Singular Bio                
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                
Vesting rate upon anniversaries (as a percent)   33.33%       33.33%    
Second anniversary | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | Stock incentive plans                
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                
Vesting rate upon anniversaries (as a percent)           33.33%    
Second anniversary | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | Stock incentive plans | Singular Bio                
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                
Vesting rate upon anniversaries (as a percent)   33.33%       33.33%    
Third anniversary | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | Stock incentive plans                
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                
Vesting rate upon anniversaries (as a percent)           33.33%    
Third anniversary | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | Stock incentive plans | Singular Bio                
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                
Vesting rate upon anniversaries (as a percent)   33.33%       33.33%    
Co Development Agreement                
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                
Payment of refusal fees related to the acquisition agreement $ 3,000              
v3.19.2
Business combinations - Summary of fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Business Acquisition [Line Items]    
Goodwill $ 76,556 $ 50,095
Singular Bio    
Business Acquisition [Line Items]    
Cash 4,988  
Property and equipment 303  
In-process research and development 29,988  
Total identifiable assets acquired 35,279  
Current liabilities assumed (479)  
Deferred tax liability (3,950)  
Net identifiable assets acquired 30,850  
Goodwill 26,461  
Total purchase price $ 57,311  
v3.19.2
Business combinations - Summary of Pro Forma Information (Details) - Singular Bio - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Business Acquisition [Line Items]        
Revenue $ 53,475 $ 37,306 $ 94,028 $ 64,977
Net loss $ (45,454) $ (32,122) $ (83,121) $ (68,723)
Basic net loss per share (in dollars per share) $ (0.50) $ (0.46) $ (0.98) $ (1.09)
Diluted net loss per share (in dollars per share) $ (540.00) $ (460.00) $ (1,010.00) $ (1,090.00)
v3.19.2
Goodwill and intangible assets - Summary of goodwill (Details)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
USD ($)
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Beginning Balance $ 50,095
Goodwill acquired 26,461
Ending Balance $ 76,556
v3.19.2
Goodwill and intangible assets - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]        
Amortization expense $ 1.3 $ 1.3 $ 2.6 $ 2.5
v3.19.2
Goodwill and intangible assets - Schedule of finite-lived intangible assets (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Accumulated Amortization $ (9,487) $ (6,862)
Net, finite intangible assets 27,844  
Cost 67,319 37,331
Net 57,832 30,469
Customer relationships    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Cost, finite intangible 23,763 23,763
Accumulated Amortization (3,961) (2,783)
Net, finite intangible assets $ 19,802 $ 20,980
Weighted Average Useful Life (in Years) 10 years 10 years
Developed technology    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Cost, finite intangible $ 11,963 $ 11,963
Accumulated Amortization (4,744) (3,482)
Net, finite intangible assets $ 7,219 $ 8,481
Weighted Average Useful Life (in Years) 4 years 9 months 18 days 4 years 9 months 18 days
Non-compete agreement    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Cost, finite intangible $ 286 $ 286
Accumulated Amortization (143) (114)
Net, finite intangible assets $ 143 $ 172
Weighted Average Useful Life (in Years) 5 years 5 years
Trade name    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Cost, finite intangible $ 576 $ 576
Accumulated Amortization (402) (329)
Net, finite intangible assets $ 174 $ 247
Weighted Average Useful Life (in Years) 2 years 8 months 12 days 2 years 8 months 12 days
Patent licensing agreement    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Cost, finite intangible $ 496 $ 496
Accumulated Amortization (54) (37)
Net, finite intangible assets $ 442 $ 459
Weighted Average Useful Life (in Years) 15 years 15 years
Favorable leases    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Cost, finite intangible $ 247 $ 247
Accumulated Amortization (183) (117)
Net, finite intangible assets $ 64 $ 130
Weighted Average Useful Life (in Years) 2 years 2 months 12 days 2 years 2 months 12 days
In-process research and development    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
In-process research and development $ 29,988 $ 0
v3.19.2
Goodwill and intangible assets - Summary of estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets with finite lives (Details)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2019
USD ($)
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
2019 (remainder of year) $ 2,625
2020 5,525
2021 5,829
2022 4,124
2023 3,111
Thereafter 6,630
Net, finite intangible assets $ 27,844
v3.19.2
Balance sheet components - Schedule of Property and equipment (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2019
Jan. 01, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Property and equipment      
Total property and equipment, gross $ 54,950   $ 52,395
Accumulated depreciation and amortization (25,929)   (24,509)
Total property and equipment, net 29,021 $ 22,727 27,886
Leasehold improvements      
Property and equipment      
Total property and equipment, gross 14,049   13,034
Laboratory equipment      
Property and equipment      
Total property and equipment, gross 25,341   22,149
Equipment under capital lease      
Property and equipment      
Total property and equipment, gross 0   7,129
Computer equipment      
Property and equipment      
Total property and equipment, gross 4,976   4,723
Software      
Property and equipment      
Total property and equipment, gross 2,663   2,594
Furniture and fixtures      
Property and equipment      
Total property and equipment, gross 901   784
Automobiles      
Property and equipment      
Total property and equipment, gross 20   20
Construction-in-progress      
Property and equipment      
Total property and equipment, gross $ 7,000   $ 1,962
v3.19.2
Balance sheet components - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]        
Depreciation $ 1.8 $ 2.3 $ 3.4 $ 4.4
v3.19.2
Balance sheet components - Accrued liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2019
Jan. 01, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]      
Accrued compensation and related expenses $ 11,187   $ 7,917
Liabilities associated with business combinations 5,090   6,460
Liability associated with co-development agreement 0   2,000
Deferred revenue 1,072   761
Other 10,452   9,425
Total accrued liabilities $ 27,801 $ 26,073 $ 26,563
v3.19.2
Balance sheet components - Other long-term liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2019
Jan. 01, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]      
Lease incentive obligation, non-current $ 0   $ 3,280
Deferred rent, non-current     5,495
Other non-current liabilities 0   181
Total other long-term liabilities $ 0 $ 181 $ 8,956
v3.19.2
Fair value measurements - Financial instruments at fair value on a recurring basis (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2019
Jan. 01, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Amortized Cost $ 243,452   $ 121,133
Unrealized Losses     (5)
Estimated Fair Value 243,452   121,128
Cash equivalents 236,409   101,395
Restricted cash 6,243   6,006
Marketable securities 800   13,727
Accrued liabilities 27,801 $ 26,073 26,563
Recurring basis      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total financial assets 243,452   121,128
Total financial liabilities     4,998
Recurring basis | Level 1      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total financial assets 242,652   103,924
Recurring basis | Level 2      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total financial assets 800   17,204
Recurring basis | Level 3      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total financial liabilities     4,998
Money market funds      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Amortized Cost 242,652   93,934
Money market funds | Recurring basis      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Estimated Fair Value 242,652   93,934
Money market funds | Recurring basis | Level 1      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Estimated Fair Value 242,652   93,934
Certificates of deposit      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Amortized Cost 300   300
Certificates of deposit | Recurring basis      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Estimated Fair Value 300   300
Certificates of deposit | Recurring basis | Level 2      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Estimated Fair Value 300   300
Commercial paper      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Amortized Cost 500   10,908
Unrealized Losses     (1)
Commercial paper | Recurring basis      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Estimated Fair Value 500   10,907
Commercial paper | Recurring basis | Level 2      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Estimated Fair Value $ 500   10,907
U.S. treasury notes      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Amortized Cost     9,990
U.S. treasury notes | Recurring basis      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Estimated Fair Value     9,990
U.S. treasury notes | Recurring basis | Level 1      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Estimated Fair Value     9,990
U.S. government agency securities      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Amortized Cost     6,001
Unrealized Losses     (4)
U.S. government agency securities | Recurring basis      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Estimated Fair Value     5,997
U.S. government agency securities | Recurring basis | Level 2      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Estimated Fair Value     5,997
Contingent consideration      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Accrued liabilities     4,998
Contingent consideration | Recurring basis      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total financial liabilities     4,998
Contingent consideration | Recurring basis | Level 3      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Total financial liabilities     $ 4,998
v3.19.2
Fair value measurements - Additional Information (Details)
1 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2019
USD ($)
shares
Jun. 30, 2019
USD ($)
security
Dec. 31, 2018
USD ($)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Transfers of assets and liabilities between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3   $ 0 $ 0
Fair value of investments with unrealized losses   $ 0  
Number of securities that are in continuous unrealized loss position for more than one year | security   0  
Other than temporary impairment losses   $ 0  
Available for sale securities minimum remaining contractual maturity   0 months  
Available for sale securities maximum remaining contractual maturity   1 month  
Business acquisition common stock issued (in shares) | shares 200,000    
AltaVoice      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Business acquisition contingently payable amount   $ 5,000,000.0  
Contingent milestone | AltaVoice | Minimum      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Contingent obligation revenue threshold   $ 10,000,000  
Common stock | AltaVoice      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Business acquisition payment through issuance of shares company's common stock $ 5,200,000    
v3.19.2
Commitments and contingencies - (Operating Leases) - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2019
Dec. 31, 2015
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]      
Weighted-average remaining lease term 6 years 1 month 6 days 6 years 1 month 6 days  
Weighted-average discount rate 11.50% 11.50%  
Operating lease, cash payments $ 2.5 $ 4.9  
New Leases | Office Facility In San Francisco      
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]      
Additional term of lease     10 years
Lease term     10 years
Security Deposit     $ 4.6
v3.19.2
Commitments and contingencies - Components of lease cost (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]        
Operating lease costs $ 2,564   $ 5,081  
Operating lease costs   $ 2,392   $ 4,832
Sublease income (43)   (86)  
Sublease income   (39)   (78)
Total operating lease costs 2,521   4,995  
Total operating lease costs   2,353   4,754
Finance lease costs 391   811  
Finance lease costs   446   955
Total lease costs $ 2,912   $ 5,806  
Total lease costs   $ 2,799   $ 5,709
v3.19.2
Commitments and contingencies - Schedule of future minimum payments under operating leases (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2019
Jan. 01, 2019
Future minimum lease payments under operating leases    
2019 (remainder of year) $ 5,491  
2020 10,636  
2021 10,698  
2022 10,636  
2023 9,912  
Thereafter 28,249  
Future non-cancelable minimum operating lease payments 75,622  
Less: minimum payments to be received from non-cancelable subleases (88)  
Total future non-cancelable minimum operating lease payments, net 75,534  
Less: imputed interest (24,738)  
Total operating lease liabilities 50,796  
Less: current portion (5,102) $ (4,697)
Operating lease obligations, net of current portion $ 45,694 $ 41,279
v3.19.2
Commitments and contingencies - (Finance Leases) - Additional Information (Details)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2019
USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]    
Lease term 3 years 3 years
Weighted-average remaining lease term 1 year 2 months 12 days 1 year 2 months 12 days
Weighted-average discount rate 6.20% 6.20%
Finance lease, cash payments $ 0.6 $ 1.1
v3.19.2
Commitments and contingencies - Schedule of future minimum lease payments under finance leases (Details)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2019
USD ($)
Future payments under the finance lease  
2019 (remainder of year) $ 1,103
2020 1,354
Total finance lease obligations 2,457
Less: interest (94)
Present value of net minimum finance lease payments 2,363
Less: current portion (1,934)
Finance lease obligations, net of current portion $ 429
v3.19.2
Commitments and contingencies - (Debt Financing) - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Nov. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Jan. 01, 2020
Note Purchase Agreement            
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]            
Maximum borrowing capacity $ 200,000,000.0          
Maturity term 7 years          
Stated interest rate   8.75%   8.75%    
Internal rate of return percentage to lender       11.00%    
Interest rate during period       10.60%    
Scenario, Forecast | Note Purchase Agreement            
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]            
Percentage of net annual revenue receivable by purchasers in addition to interest, beginning on January 1,2020           0.50%
Maximum net annual revenue receivable by purchasers in addition to interest, beginning on January 1, 2020           $ 1,600,000
Initial sale of notes | Note Purchase Agreement            
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]            
Maximum borrowing capacity $ 75,000,000.0          
Proceeds from notes sold 10,300,000          
Loan and Security Agreement | Secured Debt            
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]            
Repayment of term loan $ 64,700,000     $ 75,000,000.0    
Debt issuance cost       700,000    
Interest expense   $ 2,000,000.0 $ 1,700,000 $ 3,900,000 $ 2,900,000  
Payment made within 12 months after closing date | Note Purchase Agreement            
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]            
Principal amount of notes payable in percentage       117.50%    
Payment made within 24 months after closing date | Note Purchase Agreement            
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]            
Principal amount of notes payable in percentage       132.50%    
Payment made within 36 months after closing date | Note Purchase Agreement            
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]            
Principal amount of notes payable in percentage       145.00%    
v3.19.2
Commitments and contingencies - Schedule of future payments under amended 2018 loan agreement (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Jun. 30, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]    
2019 (remainder of year) $ 3,354  
2020 8,297  
2021 8,279  
2022 8,279  
2023 8,279  
Thereafter 89,952  
Total remaining payments 126,440  
Less: debt discount (668)  
Less: interest (50,588)  
Total debt $ 75,184 $ 74,477
v3.19.2
Commitments and contingencies - (Other Commitments) - Additional Information (Details)
$ in Millions
Jun. 30, 2019
USD ($)
Service Agreements and Laboratory Supplies  
Other Commitments [Line Items]  
Noncancelable unconditional purchase commitments $ 3.1
v3.19.2
Stockholders' equity - Schedule of convertible preferred and common stock (Details) - shares
shares in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2018
Convertible preferred stock:          
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]          
Beginning of period (in shares) 125 3,459 3,459 3,459 3,459
Shares converted (in shares)     3,334    
End of period (in shares) 125 3,459 125 3,459 3,459
Common stock:          
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]          
Beginning of period (in shares) 89,601 53,710 75,481 53,597 53,597
Shares converted (in shares)     3,334    
Common stock issued in connection with public offering (in shares)   12,778 10,350 12,778  
Common stock issued on exercise of stock options, net (in shares) 80 9 340 20  
Common stock issued pursuant to vesting of RSUs (in shares) 1,124 902 1,245 968  
Common stock issued pursuant to exercises of warrants (in shares) 4 518 19 546  
Common stock issued pursuant to employee stock purchase plan (in shares) 235 276 235 276  
Common stock issued pursuant to business combinations (in shares) 2,719 783 2,759 783  
Other (in shares)       8  
End of period (in shares) 93,763 68,976 93,763 68,976 75,481
v3.19.2
Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Aug. 31, 2018
Apr. 30, 2018
Aug. 31, 2017
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2018
Class of Stock [Line Items]                
Aggregate gross proceeds from issuance of common stock           $ 5,123,000 $ 4,933,000  
Underwritten Public Offering                
Class of Stock [Line Items]                
Aggregate gross proceeds from issuance of common stock $ 196,700,000   $ 57,500,000          
Net proceeds from underwritten public offering $ 184,500,000   $ 53,500,000          
Private Placement                
Class of Stock [Line Items]                
Proceeds from issuance of private placement, gross       $ 73,500,000        
Proceeds from issuance of private placement, net       $ 68,900,000        
Common stock                
Class of Stock [Line Items]                
Common stock issued in connection with public offering (in shares)         12,778,000 10,350,000 12,778,000  
Shares converted (in shares)           3,334,000    
Common stock | Underwritten Public Offering                
Class of Stock [Line Items]                
Number of shares sold in underwritten public offering (in shares) 10,400,000   12,800,000          
Shares issued price per share (in dollars per share) $ 19.00   $ 4.50          
Common stock | Private Placement                
Class of Stock [Line Items]                
Number of shares sold in underwritten public offering (in shares)       5,200,000        
Shares issued, price per share (in dollars per share)       $ 8.50        
2018 Sales Agreement | Cowen and Company, LLC                
Class of Stock [Line Items]                
Percentage of commission payable on gross proceeds   3.00%            
2018 Sales Agreement | Maximum | Cowen and Company, LLC                
Class of Stock [Line Items]                
Aggregate gross proceeds from issuance of common stock $ 175,000,000.0 $ 75,000,000.0            
2018 Sales Agreement | Common stock | Cowen and Company, LLC                
Class of Stock [Line Items]                
Aggregate gross proceeds from issuance of common stock               $ 61,100,000
Common stock issued in connection with public offering (in shares)           0   4,300,000
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock               $ 58,900,000
Series A Preferred Stock | Private Placement                
Class of Stock [Line Items]                
Number of shares sold in underwritten public offering (in shares)       3,500,000        
Shares issued, price per share (in dollars per share)       $ 8.50        
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock Converted to Common Stock | Common stock                
Class of Stock [Line Items]                
Shares issued upon conversion (in shares)           3,300,000    
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock Converted to Common Stock | Series A Preferred Stock                
Class of Stock [Line Items]                
Shares converted (in shares)           3,300,000    
v3.19.2
Stock incentive plans - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions
1 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Jan. 31, 2015
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Stock incentive plan        
Unrecognized stock-based compensation $ 5.2   $ 5.2  
Expected period to recognize on a straight-line basis     1 year 10 months 24 days  
Shares of common stock subject to outstanding RSUs        
Stock incentive plan        
Weighted-average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)     $ 21.01  
Unrecognized stock-based compensation $ 124.1   $ 124.1  
Expected period to recognize on a straight-line basis     1 year 3 months 18 days  
Shares of common stock subject to outstanding options        
Stock incentive plan        
Weighted-average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)     $ 14.52 $ 8.08
Stock incentive plans        
Stock incentive plan        
Vesting period     4 years  
Vesting rate upon anniversaries (as a percent)     25.00%  
Monthly vesting rate thereafter (as a percent)     2.08%  
Stock incentive plans | Shares of common stock subject to outstanding RSUs        
Stock incentive plan        
Vesting period     3 years  
Stock incentive plans | Shares of common stock subject to outstanding options        
Stock incentive plan        
Total grant date fair value of options to purchase common stock vested     $ 2.5 $ 1.8
Exercised, aggregate intrinsic value     $ 4.5 $ 0.1
Stock incentive plans | First anniversary | Shares of common stock subject to outstanding RSUs        
Stock incentive plan        
Vesting rate upon anniversaries (as a percent)     33.33%  
Stock incentive plans | Second anniversary | Shares of common stock subject to outstanding RSUs        
Stock incentive plan        
Vesting rate upon anniversaries (as a percent)     33.33%  
Stock incentive plans | Third anniversary | Shares of common stock subject to outstanding RSUs        
Stock incentive plan        
Vesting rate upon anniversaries (as a percent)     33.33%  
2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan        
Stock incentive plan        
Purchase price of common stock of the lesser of fair market value on the purchase date or the last trading day preceding the offering date (as a percent)   85.00%    
Cash received from payroll deductions     $ 0.9  
Shares reserved for future issuance (in shares) 0.8   0.8  
Minimum | 2010 Plan        
Stock incentive plan        
Employees holding voting rights of all classes of stock (as a percent)     10.00%  
Exercise price of options on common stock (as a percent)     110.00%  
Maximum | 2010 Plan        
Stock incentive plan        
Term of options granted     10 years  
Singular Bio | Shares of common stock subject to outstanding RSUs        
Stock incentive plan        
Unrecognized stock-based compensation $ 92.3   $ 92.3  
Expected period to recognize on a straight-line basis     1 year 2 months 12 days  
Singular Bio | Stock incentive plans | RSU - Performance based        
Stock incentive plan        
Vesting period 12 months   18 months  
Singular Bio | Stock incentive plans | First anniversary | Shares of common stock subject to outstanding RSUs        
Stock incentive plan        
Vesting rate upon anniversaries (as a percent) 33.33%   33.33%  
Singular Bio | Stock incentive plans | Second anniversary | Shares of common stock subject to outstanding RSUs        
Stock incentive plan        
Vesting rate upon anniversaries (as a percent) 33.33%   33.33%  
Singular Bio | Stock incentive plans | Third anniversary | Shares of common stock subject to outstanding RSUs        
Stock incentive plan        
Vesting rate upon anniversaries (as a percent) 33.33%   33.33%  
v3.19.2
Stock incentive plans - Schedule of activity under the plans (Details)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Dec. 31, 2018
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Shares of common stock subject to outstanding RSUs    
Activity under the plan    
RSUs granted (in shares) (1,268,000)  
RSUs cancelled (in shares) 106,000  
Stock incentive plans | Shares of common stock subject to outstanding options    
Activity under the plan    
Shares available for grant, beginning balance (in shares) 118,000  
Stock options outstanding, beginning balance (in shares) 3,855,000  
Additional shares reserved (in shares) 13,019,000  
Options granted (in shares) 193,000  
Option cancelled (in shares) (16,000)  
Options exercised (in shares) (340,000)  
Shares available for grant, ending balance (in shares) 7,520,000 118,000
Stock options outstanding, ending balance (in shares) 3,692,000 3,855,000
Weighted-Average Exercise Price    
Balance at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 8.54  
Options granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 24.16  
Options cancelled (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 9.23  
Options exercised (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 7.15  
Balance at the end of the period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 9.48 $ 8.54
Additional information    
Exercisable, number of shares 2,832,000  
Exercisable, weighted-average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 8.58  
Weighted-average remaining contractual life 6 years 7 months 6 days 6 years 9 months 18 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value | $ $ 51,878 $ 9,927
Exercisable, weighted-average remaining contractual life 6 years 2 months 12 days  
Exercisable, aggregate intrinsic value | $ $ 42,268  
Vested and expected to vest    
Number of shares 3,576,000  
Weighted-average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 9.33  
Weighted-average remaining contractual life 6 years 7 months 6 days  
Aggregate intrinsic value | $ $ 50,777  
Stock incentive plans | Shares of common stock subject to outstanding RSUs    
Activity under the plan    
RSUs granted (in shares) (5,546,000)  
RSUs cancelled (in shares) 106,000  
v3.19.2
Stock incentive plans - Summary of RSU activity (Details)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
$ / shares
shares
Shares of common stock subject to outstanding RSUs  
Number of Shares  
Balance at the beginning of the period (in shares) | shares 4,031,000
RSUs granted (in shares) | shares 1,268,000
Vested stock units awarded (in shares) | shares (1,246,000)
RSUs cancelled (in shares) | shares (106,000)
Balance at the end of the period (in shares) | shares 8,225,000
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share  
Balance at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 8.35
RSUs granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 21.01
RSUs vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 11.16
RSUs cancelled (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 9.91
Balance at the end of the period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 17.74
Time-based RSUs and PRSUs [Member]  
Number of Shares  
RSUs granted (in shares) | shares 4,278,000
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share  
RSUs granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 23.50
v3.19.2
Stock incentive plans - Schedule of assumptions used in determination of fair value of options (Details)
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]        
Expected term (in years) 6 years 6 years 6 years 6 years
Expected volatility 64.20% 59.58% 64.20% 59.58%
Risk-free interest rate 2.58% 2.80% 2.58% 2.80%
v3.19.2
Stock incentive plans - Summary of stock based compensation expense (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Stock-based compensation        
Total stock-based compensation expense $ 14,317 $ 6,112 $ 19,540 $ 10,505
Cost of revenue        
Stock-based compensation        
Total stock-based compensation expense 2,205 1,082 2,856 1,573
Research and development        
Stock-based compensation        
Total stock-based compensation expense 6,767 2,032 8,572 3,515
Selling and marketing        
Stock-based compensation        
Total stock-based compensation expense 2,914 1,470 4,157 2,518
General and administrative        
Stock-based compensation        
Total stock-based compensation expense $ 2,431 $ 1,528 $ 3,955 $ 2,899
v3.19.2
Net loss per share - Schedule of Earnings per share, basic and diluted (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]        
Net loss $ (48,676) $ (31,671) $ (86,353) $ (67,791)
Shares used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted (in shares) 90,863 67,807 85,148 60,775
Net loss per share, basic and diluted (in dollars per share) $ (0.54) $ (0.47) $ (1.01) $ (1.12)
v3.19.2
Net loss per share - Schedule of Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (Details) - shares
shares in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Antidilutive shares excluded from diluted net loss per share        
Total shares of common stock equivalents (in shares) 9,002 12,719 10,008 12,342
Shares of common stock subject to outstanding options        
Antidilutive shares excluded from diluted net loss per share        
Total shares of common stock equivalents (in shares) 3,669 4,060 3,714 4,079
Shares of common stock subject to outstanding warrants        
Antidilutive shares excluded from diluted net loss per share        
Total shares of common stock equivalents (in shares) 593 1,854 601 1,904
Shares of common stock subject to outstanding RSUs        
Antidilutive shares excluded from diluted net loss per share        
Total shares of common stock equivalents (in shares) 4,569 3,337 4,350 2,896
Shares of common stock pursuant to ESPP        
Antidilutive shares excluded from diluted net loss per share        
Total shares of common stock equivalents (in shares) 46 9 55 4
Shares of common stock underlying Series A convertible preferred stock        
Antidilutive shares excluded from diluted net loss per share        
Total shares of common stock equivalents (in shares) 125 3,459 1,288 3,459
v3.19.2
Geographic information - Schedule of Revenue by country (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2018
Geographic information        
Total revenue $ 53,475 $ 37,306 $ 94,028 $ 64,977
United States        
Geographic information        
Total revenue 50,368 34,899 88,013 60,806
Canada        
Geographic information        
Total revenue 882 1,096 1,847 2,104
Rest of world        
Geographic information        
Total revenue $ 2,225 $ 1,311 $ 4,168 $ 2,067
v3.19.2
Subsequent Events - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)
1 Months Ended
Jul. 31, 2019
Apr. 30, 2019
Subsequent Event [Line Items]    
Business acquisition common stock issued (in shares)   200,000
Jungla | Subsequent Event    
Subsequent Event [Line Items]    
Percentage of diluted interest acquired 100.00%  
Business acquisition common stock issued (in shares) 1,400,000  
Business combination, cash consideration $ 14,900,000  
Business combination, hold-back consideration amount $ 500,000  
Business acquisition common stock issued, shares related to hold back 200,000  
Business combination, amount payable upon certain performance achievement $ 15,000,000.0  
Business combination, performance milestone 24 months  
RSU - Performance based | 2019 Incentive Compensation Plan | Subsequent Event | Minimum    
Subsequent Event [Line Items]    
Potential payout, target percentage 0.00%  
RSU - Performance based | 2019 Incentive Compensation Plan | Subsequent Event | Maximum    
Subsequent Event [Line Items]    
Potential payout, target percentage 115.00%  
Potential payout $ 1,400,000  
Potential payout (in shares) 1,000,000.0