Q2 HOLDINGS, INC., 10-Q filed on 11/7/2018
Quarterly Report
v3.10.0.1
Document and Entity Information - shares
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Oct. 31, 2018
Document And Entity Information [Abstract]    
Entity Registrant Name Q2 Holdings, Inc.  
Entity Central Index Key 0001410384  
Trading Symbol QTWO  
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31  
Entity Filer Category Large Accelerated Filer  
Entity Common Stock Shares Outstanding   43,374,934
Document Type 10-Q  
Document Period End Date Sep. 30, 2018  
Amendment Flag false  
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2018  
Document Fiscal Period Focus Q3  
Smaller Reporting Company false  
Emerging Growth Company false  
v3.10.0.1
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Current assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 211,779 $ 57,961
Restricted cash 2,315 2,315
Investments 86,236 41,685
Accounts receivable, net 23,121 13,203
Contract assets, current portion 487 0
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 4,795 3,115
Deferred solution and other costs, current portion 10,456 9,246
Deferred implementation costs, current portion 3,599 3,562
Total current assets 342,788 131,087
Property and equipment, net 35,132 34,544
Deferred solution and other costs, net of current portion 16,273 12,973
Deferred implementation costs, net of current portion 10,215 8,295
Intangible assets, net 7,720 12,034
Goodwill 12,876 12,876
Contract assets, net of current portion 8,346 0
Other long-term assets 1,751 1,006
Total assets 435,101 212,815
Current liabilities:    
Accounts payable 7,884 7,621
Accrued liabilities 7,614 10,562
Accrued compensation 10,658 11,511
Deferred revenues, current portion 34,799 38,379
Total current liabilities 60,955 68,073
Convertible notes, net of current portion 180,122 0
Deferred revenues, net of current portion 25,428 28,289
Deferred rent, net of current portion 8,017 9,393
Other long-term liabilities 590 438
Total liabilities 275,112 106,193
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Stockholders' equity:    
Preferred stock: $0.0001 par value; 5,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 0 0
Common stock: $0.0001 par value; 150,000 shares authorized; 43,337 issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2018 and 41,994 shares issued and 41,967 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2017 4 4
Treasury stock at cost: Zero shares at September 30, 2018 and 27 shares at December 31, 2017 0 (855)
Additional paid-in capital 320,627 259,726
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (83) (139)
Accumulated deficit (160,559) (152,114)
Total stockholders' equity 159,989 106,622
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 435,101 $ 212,815
v3.10.0.1
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares
Sep. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]    
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares) 5,000,000 5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares) 0 0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares) 0 0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares) 150,000,000 150,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares) 43,337,000 41,994,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares) 43,337,000 41,967,000
Treasury stock, shares (in shares) 0 27,000
v3.10.0.1
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (unaudited) - USD ($)
shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Income Statement [Abstract]        
Revenues $ 60,541 $ 50,116 $ 173,923 $ 142,275
Cost of revenues [1] 30,140 25,813 86,420 72,913
Gross profit 30,401 24,303 87,503 69,362
Operating expenses:        
Sales and marketing [1] 11,467 9,904 34,541 30,878
Research and development [1] 12,904 10,092 35,817 29,665
General and administrative [1] 11,237 9,596 32,331 27,316
Acquisition related costs 1,811 270 2,325 969
Amortization of acquired intangibles 251 369 987 1,113
Unoccupied lease charges 0 0 658 0
Total operating expenses 37,670 30,231 106,659 89,941
Loss from operations (7,269) (5,928) (19,156) (20,579)
Other income (expense):        
Interest and other income 1,025 149 1,979 386
Interest and other expense (2,902) 0 (6,984) (94)
Total other income (expense), net (1,877) 149 (5,005) 292
Loss before income taxes (9,146) (5,779) (24,161) (20,287)
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes 287 (3) 627 (356)
Net loss (8,859) (5,782) (23,534) (20,643)
Other comprehensive income (loss):        
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments 78 15 56 (15)
Comprehensive loss $ (8,781) $ (5,767) $ (23,478) $ (20,658)
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted (usd per share) $ (0.21) $ (0.14) $ (0.55) $ (0.50)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:        
Basic and diluted (in shares) 42,993 41,386 42,597 41,030
[1] Includes stock-based compensation expenses as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017Cost of revenues $1,240 $983 $3,320 $2,526Sales and marketing 1,474 699 4,128 2,142Research and development 1,758 1,149 4,680 3,127General and administrative 3,026 2,576 8,469 6,831Total stock-based compensation expenses $7,498 $5,407 $20,597 $14,626
v3.10.0.1
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (unaudited) - (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Stock-based compensation expenses $ 7,498 $ 5,407 $ 20,597 $ 14,626
Cost of revenues        
Stock-based compensation expenses 1,240 983 3,320 2,526
Sales and marketing        
Stock-based compensation expenses 1,474 699 4,128 2,142
Research and development        
Stock-based compensation expenses 1,758 1,149 4,680 3,127
General and administrative        
Stock-based compensation expenses $ 3,026 $ 2,576 $ 8,469 $ 6,831
v3.10.0.1
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Sep. 30, 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:                
Net loss $ (8,859) $ (5,782) $ (23,534) $ (20,643)        
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:                
Amortization of deferred implementation, solution and other costs     6,234 5,526        
Depreciation and amortization     11,441 11,049        
Amortization of debt issuance costs     587 28        
Amortization of debt discount     5,370 0        
Amortization of premiums on investments     2 263        
Stock-based compensation expenses 7,498 5,407 20,597 14,626        
Deferred income taxes     (429) 227        
Allowance for sales credits     113 1        
Loss on disposal of long-lived assets     0 4        
Unoccupied lease charges 0 0 658 0        
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:                
Accounts receivable, net     (10,031) (3,529)        
Prepaid expenses and other current assets     (1,820) (1,881)        
Deferred solution and other costs     (7,256) (4,162)        
Deferred implementation costs     (4,958) (4,169)        
Contract assets     (3,775) 0        
Other long-term assets     (541) (99)        
Accounts payable     645 1,870        
Accrued liabilities     291 (4,972)        
Deferred revenues     3,536 6,960        
Deferred rent and other long-term liabilities     (990) 244        
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities     (3,860) 1,343        
Cash flows from investing activities:                
Purchases of investments     (75,715) (25,267)        
Maturities of investments     31,217 18,519        
Purchases of property and equipment     (12,174) (11,379)        
Business combinations and asset acquisitions, net of cash acquired     (150) (3,816)        
Capitalized software development costs     0 (970)        
Purchases of intangible assets     (46) 0        
Increase in restricted cash     0 (1,600)        
Net cash used in investing activities     (56,868) (24,513)        
Cash flows from financing activities:                
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes, net of issuance costs     223,167 0        
Purchase of convertible notes bond hedge     (41,699) 0        
Proceeds from issuance of warrants     22,379 0        
Proceeds from exercise of stock options to purchase common stock     10,699 8,437        
Net cash provided by financing activities     214,546 8,437        
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash     153,818 (14,733)        
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period     60,276 57,788 $ 57,788      
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period 214,094 43,055 214,094 43,055 60,276      
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:                
Cash paid for taxes     130 128        
Cash paid for interest     810 68        
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:                
Shares acquired to settle the exercise of stock options     (395) (180)        
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as shown in the statement of cash flows:                
Cash and cash equivalents           $ 211,779 $ 57,961 $ 40,140
Restricted cash           2,315 2,315 2,915
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash $ 214,094 $ 43,055 $ 60,276 $ 57,788 $ 57,788 $ 214,094 $ 60,276 $ 43,055
v3.10.0.1
Organization and Description of Business
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Organization and Description of Business
Organization and Description of Business
Q2 Holdings, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, collectively the "Company," is a leading provider of secure, cloud-based digital banking solutions. The Company enables regional and community financial institutions, or RCFIs, to deliver a robust suite of integrated digital banking services to more effectively engage with their consumer and commercial account holders who expect to bank anytime, anywhere and on any device. The Company delivers its solutions to the substantial majority of its customers using a software-as-a-service, or SaaS, model under which its RCFI customers pay subscription fees for the use of the Company's solutions. The Company was incorporated in Delaware in March 2005 and is a holding company that owns 100% of the outstanding capital stock of Q2 Software, Inc. The Company's headquarters are located in Austin, Texas.
v3.10.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
These interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP, and Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, requirements for interim financial statements. The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Q2 Holdings, Inc. and its direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
In the Company's opinion, the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and include all adjustments, consisting of normal, recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation. Certain information and disclosures normally included in the notes to the annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been omitted from these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Accordingly, these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, which are included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 16, 2018. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018 or for any other period.
Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the requirements of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)," or the new revenue standard, and ASU No. 2016-18 "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash." All amounts and disclosures set forth in this Form 10-Q have been updated to comply with the new standards.
Reclassifications
Certain amounts appearing in the prior year's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Significant items subject to such estimates include: for revenue recognition, determining the nature and timing of satisfaction of performance obligations, variable consideration, and other revenue items requiring significant judgment; stock-based compensation; the carrying value of goodwill; the fair value of acquired intangibles; the capitalization of software development costs; the useful lives of property and equipment and long-lived intangible assets; and income taxes. In accordance with GAAP, management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Management regularly evaluates its estimates and assumptions using historical experience and other factors; however, actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments acquired with an original maturity of ninety days or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are stated at cost or fair value based on the underlying security.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash consists of deposits held as collateral for the Company's secured letters of credit issued in place of the security deposit for the Company's corporate headquarters.
Investments
Investments consist primarily of U.S. government agency bonds, corporate bonds, commercial paper, certificates of deposit and money market funds. All investments are considered available for sale and are carried at fair value.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, investments and accounts receivable. The Company's cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and investments are placed with high credit quality financial institutions and issuers, and at times may exceed federally-insured limits. The Company has not experienced any loss relating to cash and cash equivalents or restricted cash in these accounts. The Company provides credit, in the normal course of business, to a number of its customers. The Company performs periodic credit evaluations of its customers' financial condition and generally does not require collateral. No individual customer accounted for 10% or more of revenues for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. No individual customer accounted for 10% or more of accounts receivable, net, as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
Contract Balances
The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections can result in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables (contract assets), and deferred revenues (contract liabilities). Billings scheduled to occur after the performance obligation has been satisfied and revenue recognition has occurred result in contract assets. Contract assets that are expected to be billed during the succeeding twelve-month period are recorded in contract assets, current portion, and the remaining portion is recorded in contract assets, net of current portion on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2018. A contract liability results when the Company receives prepayments or deposits from customers in advance for implementation, maintenance and other services, as well as initial subscription fees. Customer prepayments are generally applied against invoices issued to customers when services are performed and billed. The Company recognizes contract liabilities as revenues when the services are performed, and the corresponding revenue recognition criteria are met. Contract liabilities that are expected to be recognized as revenues during the succeeding twelve-month period are recorded in deferred revenues, current portion, and the remaining portion is recorded in deferred revenue, net of current portion, on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets at the end of each reporting period.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are stated at net realizable value, including both billed and unbilled receivables to customers. Unbilled receivable balances included in accounts receivable arise primarily when the Company provides services in advance of billing for those services. Generally, billing for revenues related to the number of registered users and the number of transactions processed by the Company's registered users that are included in the Company's minimum subscription fee occurs in the month the revenue is recognized, resulting in accounts receivable. Billing for revenues relating to the number of registered users and the number of transactions processed by the Company's registered users that are in excess of the Company's minimum subscription fees are, generally, billed in the month following the month the revenues were earned, resulting in an unbilled receivable. Included in the accounts receivable balances as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were unbilled receivables of $2.8 million and $2.1 million, respectively.
The Company assesses the collectability of outstanding accounts receivable on an ongoing basis and maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for accounts receivable deemed uncollectable. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company did not provide for an allowance for doubtful accounts, as all amounts outstanding were deemed collectable. Historically, the Company's collection experience has not varied significantly, and bad debt expenses have been insignificant.
The Company maintains a reserve for estimated sales credits issued to customers for billing disputes or other service-related reasons. This allowance is recorded as a reduction against current period revenues and accounts receivable. In estimating this allowance, the Company analyzes prior periods to determine the amounts of sales credits issued to customers compared to the revenues in the period that related to the original customer invoice. This estimate is analyzed quarterly and adjusted as necessary. The allowance for sales credits was $0.3 million at September 30, 2018 and $0.2 million at December 31, 2017.
Deferred Revenues
Deferred revenues primarily consist of amounts that have been billed to or received from customers in advance of revenue recognition and prepayments received from customers in advance for implementation, maintenance and other services, as well as initial subscription fees. The Company recognizes deferred revenues as revenues when the services are performed and the corresponding revenue recognition criteria are met. Customer prepayments are generally applied against invoices issued to customers when services are performed and billed.
The net decrease in the deferred revenue balance for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 is primarily driven by the recognition of $31.1 million of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance at December 31, 2017 and a $6.2 million decrease from the adoption of the new revenue standard and the related netting of contract assets and liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis, partially offset by cash payments received or due in advance of satisfying the Company's performance obligations of $30.9 million. Amounts recognized from deferred revenues represent primarily revenue from the sale of subscription and implementation services.
The Company's payment terms vary by the type and location of its customer and the products or services offered, and the term between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant. For certain products or services and customer types, the Company requires payment before the products or services are delivered to the customer.
On September 30, 2018, the Company had $774.2 million of remaining performance obligations, which represents contracted revenue minimums that have not yet been recognized, including amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. The Company expects to recognize approximately 53% percent of its remaining performance obligations as revenue in the next 24 months, an additional 38% percent in the next 25 to 48 months, and the balance thereafter.
Deferred Implementation Costs
The Company capitalizes certain personnel and other costs, such as employee salaries, benefits and the associated payroll taxes that are direct or incremental to the implementation of its solutions. The Company analyzes implementation costs that may be capitalized to assess their recoverability, and only capitalizes costs that it anticipates to be recoverable. The Company assesses the recoverability of its deferred implementation costs by comparing the greater of the amount of the non-cancellable portion of a customer's contract and the non-refundable customer prepayments received as it relates to the specific implementation costs incurred. The Company begins amortizing the deferred implementation costs for an implementation once the revenue recognition criteria have been met, and the Company amortizes those deferred implementation costs ratably over the expected period of customer benefit, which has been determined to be the estimated life of the technology, which the Company estimates to be five to seven years. The Company determined the period of benefit by considering factors such as historically high renewal rates with similar customers and contracts, initial contract length, an expectation that there will still be a demand for the product at the end of its term, and the significant costs to switch to a competitor's product, all of which are governed by the estimated useful life of the technology.
The portion of deferred implementation costs expected to be amortized during the succeeding twelve-month period is recorded in current assets as deferred implementation costs, current portion, and the remainder is recorded in long-term assets as deferred implementation costs, net of current portion on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company capitalized implementation costs in the amount of $2.3 million and $1.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and recognized $1.1 million and $1.2 million of amortization during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company capitalized implementation costs in the amount of $5.5 million and $4.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and recognized $3.5 million and $3.2 million of amortization during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Amortization expense is included in cost of revenues in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Deferred Solution and Other Costs
The Company capitalizes sales commissions and other third-party costs, such as third-party licenses and maintenance related to its customer agreements. The Company capitalizes sales commissions because the commission charges are so closely related to the revenues from the non-cancellable customer agreements that they should be recorded as an asset and charged to expense over the same period that the related revenue is recognized. Under the new revenue standard, the Company capitalizes commissions and bonuses for those involved in the sale, including direct employees and indirect supervisors, as these are incremental to the sale. The Company typically pays commissions in two increments. The initial payment is made after the contract has been executed and the initial deposit received from the customer, and the final payment is made upon commencement date. The Company requires that an individual remain employed to collect a commission when it is due. The service period between the first and second payment is considered to be a substantive service period, and as a result, the Company expenses the final payment when made. The Company begins amortizing deferred solution and other costs for a particular customer agreement once the revenue recognition criteria are met and amortizes those deferred costs over the expected period of customer benefit, which has been determined to be the estimated life of the technology. The Company determined the period of benefit by considering factors such as historically high renewal rates with similar customers and contracts, initial contract length, an expectation that there will still be a demand for the product at the end of its term, and the significant costs to switch to a competitor's product, all of which are governed by the estimated useful life of the technology.
The Company analyzes solution and other costs that may be capitalized to assess their recoverability and only capitalizes costs that it anticipates being recoverable. The portion of capitalized costs expected to be amortized during the succeeding twelve-month period is recorded in current assets as deferred solution and other costs, current portion, and the remainder is recorded in long-term assets as deferred solution and other costs, net of current portion. The Company capitalized $1.2 million and $0.9 million in deferred commissions costs during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and recognized $0.9 million and $0.8 million of amortization during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company capitalized $5.2 million and $3.0 million in deferred commissions costs during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and recognized $2.7 million and $2.3 million of amortization during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Amortization expense is included in sales and marketing expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Maintenance and repairs that do not extend the life of or improve an asset are expensed in the period incurred.
The estimated useful lives of property and equipment are as follows:
Computer hardware and equipment
 
3 - 5 years
Purchased software and licenses
 
3 - 5 years
Furniture and fixtures
 
7 years
Leasehold improvements
 
Lesser of estimated useful life or lease term

Purchase Price Allocation, Intangible Assets, and Goodwill
The purchase price allocation for business combinations and asset acquisitions requires extensive use of accounting estimates and judgments to allocate the purchase price to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective fair values. The Company early adopted ASU No. 2017-01, "Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business" as of January 1, 2017. Under ASU 2017-01, the Company first determines whether substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. If this threshold is met, the single asset or group of assets, as applicable, is not a business. If it is not met, the Company determines whether the single asset or group of assets, as applicable, meets the definition of a business.
In connection with the Company's acquisitions of Centrix Solutions, Inc., or Centrix, in July 2015, Smarty Pig, LLC, doing business as Social Money, or Social Money, in November 2015, and an asset purchase in January 2017, the Company recorded certain intangible assets, including acquired technology, customer relationships, trademarks, non-compete agreements and assembled workforce. Amounts allocated to the acquired intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives. The Company periodically reviews the estimated useful lives and fair values of its identifiable intangible assets, taking into consideration any events or circumstances which might result in a diminished fair value or revised useful life.
The excess purchase price over the fair value of assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually in October, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred. Because the Company operates in a single reporting unit, the impairment test is performed at the consolidated entity level by comparing the estimated fair value of the Company to the carrying value of the Company. The Company estimates the fair value of the reporting unit using a "step one" analysis using a fair-value-based approach based on the market capitalization or a discounted cash flow analysis of projected future results to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Determining the fair value of goodwill is subjective in nature and often involves the use of estimates and assumptions including, without limitation, use of estimates of future prices and volumes for the Company's products, capital needs, economic trends and other factors which are inherently difficult to forecast. If actual results, or the plans and estimates used in future impairment analyses are lower than the original estimates used to assess the recoverability of these assets, the Company could incur impairment charges in a future period.
Revenues
Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the Company's customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services over the term of the agreement, generally when the Company's solutions are implemented and made available to the customers. The promised consideration may include fixed amounts, variable amounts or both. Revenues are recognized net of sales credits and allowances.
Revenue-generating activities are directly related to the sale, implementation and support of the Company's solutions within a single operating segment. The Company derives the majority of its revenues from subscription fees for the use of its solutions hosted in the Company's data centers, transaction revenue from bill-pay solutions, as well as revenues for customer support and implementation services related to the Company's solutions. The Company recognizes the corresponding revenues over time on a ratable basis over the customer agreement term. The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with the new revenue standard, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which was adopted on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method.
The following tables disaggregate the Company's revenue by major source:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
Subscription
 
Transactional
 
Services and Other
 
Consolidated
Total Revenues
 
$
41,895

 
$
10,417

 
$
8,229

 
$
60,541


 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
Subscription
 
Transactional
 
Services and Other
 
Consolidated
Total Revenues
 
$
121,262

 
$
27,936

 
$
24,725

 
$
173,923


Subscription Revenues
The Company's software solutions are available for use as hosted application arrangements under subscription fee agreements without licensing perpetual rights to the software. Subscription fees from these applications, including contractual periodic price increases, are recognized over time on a ratable basis over the customer agreement term beginning on the date the Company's solution is made available to the customer. Amounts that have been invoiced are recorded in accounts receivable and deferred revenues or revenues, depending on whether the revenue recognition criteria have been met. Periodic price increases are estimated at contract inception and result in contract assets as revenue recognition may exceed the amount billed early in the contract. Additional fees for monthly usage above the levels included in the standard subscription fee are recognized as revenue in the month when the usage amounts are determined and reported.
A small portion of the Company's customers host and manage the Company's solutions on-premises or in third-party data centers under term license and maintenance agreements. Term licenses sold with maintenance entitle the customer to technical support, upgrades and updates to the software on a when-and-if-available basis. Under the new revenue standard, the Company recognizes software license revenue once the customer obtains control of the license, which generally occurs at the start of each license term. The Company recognizes the remaining arrangement consideration for maintenance revenue over time on a ratable basis over the term of the software license. If the expected length of time between when the Company transfers the software license to the customer and when the customer pays for it results in a significant financing component, the Company adjusts the promised amount of consideration for the effects of the time value of money, which reflects the price the customer would have paid when the license was transferred. Revenues from term licenses and maintenance agreements and the related financing component were not significant in the periods presented.
Transactional Revenues
The Company earns the majority of its transactional revenues based on the number of bill-pay transactions that registered users initiate on its solutions. The Company recognizes revenue for bill-pay transaction services in the month incurred based on actual transactions.
Services and Other Revenues
Implementation services are required for each new Q2 platform and Centrix standalone contract, and there is a significant level of integration and configuration for each customer. The Company's revenue for upfront implementation services are billed upfront and recognized over time on a ratable basis over the customer agreement term for its hosted application agreements. Upfront implementation services for on-premises agreements are recognized at commencement date.
Professional services revenues, which primarily consist of training, advisory services, core conversion services, web design, and other general professional services, are generally billed and recognized when delivered.
Certain out-of-pocket expenses billed to customers are recorded as revenues rather than an offset to the related expense. Revenues recorded from out-of-pocket expense reimbursements totaled approximately $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and $1.2 million for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. The out-of-pocket expenses are reported in cost of revenues.
Significant Judgments
Performance Obligations and Standalone Selling Price
A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of accounting in the new revenue standard. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. The Company has contracts with customers that often include multiple performance obligations, usually including multiple subscription and implementation services. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct by allocating the contract's total transaction price to each performance obligation in an amount based on the relative standalone selling price, or SSP, of each distinct good or service in the contract. In determining whether implementation services are distinct from the subscription services, the Company considered various factors including the significant level of integration, interdependency, and interrelation between the implementation and subscription service, as well as the inability of the customer's personnel or other service providers to perform significant portions of the services. The Company has concluded that the implementation services included in contacts with multiple performance obligations are not distinct and, as a result, the Company defers any arrangement fees for implementation services and recognizes such amounts over time on a ratable basis as one performance obligation with the underlying subscription revenue for the initial agreement term of the hosted application agreements.
The majority of our revenue recognized at any particular point in time is for professional services and usage revenue. These services are performed within a relatively short period of time and are recognized at the point in time in which the customer obtains control of the asset, which is generally upon completion of the service.
Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. A contract's transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The primary method used to estimate SSP is the adjusted market assessment approach, which considers its overall pricing objectives, market conditions and other factors, including the value of the Company's contracts, its discounting practices, the size and volume of its transactions, customer characteristics, price lists, go-to-market strategy, historical standalone sales and agreement prices, and the number and types of users within its contracts.
Variable Consideration
The Company recognizes usage revenue related to users accessing its products in excess of contracted amounts and bill-pay transactions that registered users initiate on its solutions. Judgment is required to determine the accounting for these types of revenue. The Company considers various factors including the degree to which usage is interdependent or interrelated to past services, costs per user over the contract to the Company, and contractual price per user changes and their relationship to market terms, forecasted data, and the Company's cost to fulfill the obligation. The Company has concluded that both types of usage revenue meet the variable consideration exception and recognizes each on a monthly or quarterly basis, as defined per agreement, as determined and reported. This allocation reflects the amount the Company expects to receive for the services for the given period.
The Company sometimes provides credits or incentives to its customers. Known and estimable credits and incentives represent a form of variable consideration, which are estimated at contract inception and reduce the revenues recognized for a particular contract. These estimates are updated at the end of each reporting period as additional information becomes available. The Company believes that there will not be significant changes to its estimates of variable consideration.
Other Considerations
The Company evaluates whether it is the principal (i.e., report revenues on a gross basis) or agent (i.e., report revenues on a net basis) for vendor reseller agreements. Generally, the Company reports revenues from these types of contracts on a gross basis, meaning the amounts billed to customers are recorded as revenues, and expenses incurred are recorded as cost of revenues. Where the Company is the principal, it first obtains control of the inputs to the specific good or service and directs their use to create the combined output. The Company's control is evidenced by its involvement in the integration of the good or service on its platform before it is transferred to its customers and is further supported by the Company being primarily responsible to its customers and having a level of discretion in establishing pricing. Revenues provided from agreements in which the Company is an agent are immaterial.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues is comprised primarily of salaries and other personnel-related costs, including employee benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation, for employees providing services to the Company's customers. Costs associated with these services include the costs of the Company's implementation, customer support, data center and customer training personnel, as well as costs related to research and development personnel who perform implementation and customer support services. Cost of revenues also includes the direct costs of bill-pay and other third-party intellectual property included in the Company's solutions, the amortization of deferred solution and services costs, co-location facility costs and depreciation of the Company's data center assets, an allocation of general overhead costs and referral fees. Direct costs of third-party intellectual property include amounts paid for third-party licenses and related maintenance that are incorporated into the Company's software and the amortization of acquired technology from the Company's recent acquisitions, with the costs amortized to cost of revenues over the useful lives of the purchased assets.
The Company capitalizes certain personnel costs that are direct or incremental to the implementation of its solutions to the extent those costs are considered to be recoverable from future revenues. The Company amortizes the costs for a particular implementation once revenue recognition commences, and the Company amortizes those implementation costs over the expected period of customer benefit, which has been determined to be the estimated life of the technology. Other costs not directly recoverable from future revenues are expensed in the period incurred. 
Software Development Costs
Software development costs include salaries and other personnel-related costs, including employee benefits and bonuses attributed to programmers, software engineers and quality control teams working on the Company's software solutions. The costs related to software development that are incurred between reaching technological feasibility of a solution and the point at which the solution is ready for general release are capitalized and are included in intangible assets, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Capitalized software development costs are computed on an individual product basis, and products available for market are amortized to cost of revenues over the products' estimated economic lives. The Company recognized $0.2 million and $0.1 million of amortization of capitalized software development costs for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $0.6 million and $0.3 million of amortization of capitalized software development costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and all of the related individual products reached general release in 2017. The Company capitalized zero and $0.2 million of software development costs in the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and capitalized zero and $1.0 million of software development costs during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Research and Development Costs
Research and development costs include salaries and other personnel-related costs, including employee benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation, third-party contractor expenses, software development tools, an allocation of facilities and depreciation expenses and other related expenses incurred in developing new solutions and upgrading and enhancing existing solutions. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
Advertising
All advertising costs of the Company are expensed the first time the advertising takes place. Advertising costs were $0.4 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $1.1 million and $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Sales Tax
The Company presents sales taxes and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities on a net basis and, as such, excludes them from revenues.
Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss includes net loss as well as other changes in stockholders' equity that result from transactions and economic events other than those with stockholders. Other comprehensive loss consists of net loss and unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale investments.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock options, restricted stock units, and market stock units awarded to employees, directors, executives and consultants are measured at fair value at each grant date. The Company recognizes compensation expense ratably over the requisite service period of the option or restricted stock unit award. As of January 1, 2017, the Company no longer uses a forfeiture rate to recognize compensation expense as a result of the adoption of ASU No. 2016-09, "Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting." Generally, options vest 25% on the one-year anniversary of the grant date with the balance vesting monthly over the following 36 months, and restricted stock unit awards vest in four annual installments of 25% each. Market stock units are performance-based awards that cliff vest based on the Company's stockholder return relative to the total stockholder return of the Russell 2000 Index, or Index, over a three-year period on the anniversary of the date of grant. Up to one-third of the target shares of our common stock subject to each market stock unit award are eligible to be earned after the first and second years of the performance period and up to 200% of the full target number of shares subject to each market stock unit award are eligible to be earned after the completion of the three-year performance period (less any shares earned for years one and two) based on the average price of the Company's common stock relative to the Index during the performance period.
The Company values stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires the input of subjective assumptions, including the risk-free interest rate, expected life, expected stock price volatility and dividend yield. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates for constant maturity U.S. Treasury securities consistent with the expected term of the Company's employee stock options. The expected life represents the period of time the stock options are expected to be outstanding and is based on the simplified method. Under the simplified method, the expected life of an option is presumed to be the mid-point between the vesting date and end of the contractual term. The Company used the simplified method due to the lack of sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to otherwise estimate the expected life of the stock options. Due to the Company's limited history as a public company, expected volatility is based on historical volatilities for publicly traded stock of comparable companies over the estimated expected life of the stock options. The Company assumed no dividend yield because it does not expect to pay dividends in the near future, which is consistent with the Company's history of not paying dividends.
The Company values restricted stock units at the closing market price on the date of grant and recognizes compensation expense ratably over the requisite service period of the restricted stock unit award.
The Company estimates the fair value of market stock units on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The determination of fair value of the market stock units is affected by the Company's stock price and a number of assumptions including the expected volatility and the risk-free interest rate. The Company's expected volatility at the date of grant was based on the historical volatilities of its stock and peer firms' stocks and the Index over the performance period. The Company assumed no dividend yield and recognizes compensation expense ratably over the performance period of the market stock unit award. The Company recognizes compensation expense using the graded attribution method on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each market stock unit award.
Convertible Senior Notes
In February 2018, the Company issued $230.0 million principal amount of convertible senior notes due in February 2023, or the Convertible Notes. In accounting for the issuance of the Convertible Notes, the Company separated each of the Convertible Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value, as of the date of issuance, of a similar debt without the conversion option. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability components from the total initial proceeds. The difference between the par amount of the Convertible Notes and the carrying amount of the liability component represents debt discounts that are amortized to interest expense over the respective terms of the Convertible Notes using the effective interest rate method. The equity components are not remeasured as long as they continue to meet the conditions for equity classification. In accounting for the issuance costs related to the Convertible Notes, the Company allocated the total amount of issuance costs incurred to liability and equity components based on their relative values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability components are amortized to interest expense over the respective terms of the Convertible Notes using the effective interest rate method. The issuance costs attributable to the equity components were netted against the respective equity components in additional paid-in capital.
Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes are provided for the tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes and operating loss carryforwards and credits using enacted tax rates expected to be in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company assesses the likelihood that deferred tax assets will be realized and recognizes a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. This assessment requires judgment as to the likelihood and amounts of future taxable income by tax jurisdiction. To date, the Company has provided a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets as it believes the objective and verifiable evidence of its historical pretax net losses outweighs any positive evidence of its forecasted future results. Although the Company believes that its tax estimates are reasonable, the ultimate tax determination involves significant judgment that is subject to audit by tax authorities in the ordinary course of business. The Company will continue to monitor the positive and negative evidence, and it will adjust the valuation allowance as sufficient objective positive evidence becomes available. No tax related impact was recorded in the financial statements as a result of the adoption of the new revenue standard.
The Company evaluates its uncertain tax positions based on a determination of whether and how much of a tax benefit taken by the Company in its tax filings or positions is more likely than not to be realized. Potential interest and penalties associated with any uncertain tax positions are recorded as a component of income tax expense. Through September 30, 2018, the Company has not identified any material uncertain tax positions for which liabilities would be required to be recorded.
Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Common Share
The following table sets forth the computations of net loss per share for the periods listed:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Numerators:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss
 
$
(8,859
)
 
$
(5,782
)
 
$
(23,534
)
 
$
(20,643
)
Denominators:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted
 
42,993

 
41,386

 
42,597

 
41,030

Net loss per common share, basic and diluted
 
$
(0.21
)
 
$
(0.14
)
 
$
(0.55
)
 
$
(0.50
)

Due to net losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, basic and diluted net loss per share were the same, as the effect of all potentially dilutive securities would have been anti-dilutive. The following table sets forth the anti-dilutive common share equivalents that were excluded for the periods listed:
 
 
As of September 30,
 
 
2018
 
2017
Stock options, restricted stock units, and market stock units
 
4,842

 
5,575

Shares related to the Convertible Notes
 
210

 

 
 
5,052

 
5,575


Because the Company has the intention and ability to settle the principal amount of its Convertible Notes in cash, the treasury stock method is expected to be used for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion spread on diluted net income per share, if applicable. The conversion spread will have a dilutive impact on diluted net income per share of common stock when the average market price of common stock for a given period exceeds the conversion price of $57.38 per share for the Convertible Notes. The Warrants will have a dilutive effect when the average market price of common stock for a given period exceeds the Warrant's strike price of $78.75 per share. 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued ASU No. 2014-09, which amends the existing accounting standards for revenue recognition. ASU 2014-09 is based on principles that govern the recognition of revenue at an amount an entity expects to be entitled to when products are transferred to customers. ASU 2014-09 was modified by subsequently issued ASUs 2015-14, 2016-08, 2016-10, 2016-12 and 2016-20. Topic 606 also includes Subtopic 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs - Contracts with Customers, which requires the deferral of incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Collectively, the Company refers to ASU 2014-09, as amended, and Subtopic 340-40 as the "new revenue standard." On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the new revenue standard for all contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method. Adoption of the new revenue standard resulted in changes to the Company's accounting policies for revenue recognition, contract balances, accounts receivables, deferred revenues, deferred implementation costs, and deferred solution and other costs. The Company recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard as a positive adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit on the condensed consolidated balance sheet in the amount of $15.8 million, which reflects the acceleration of revenues and deferral of incremental commission costs of obtaining subscription contracts. The comparative information in prior periods presented has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods.
The most significant impact of adoption of the new revenue standard relates to the accounting for arrangements that include contractual provisions providing for periodic price increases in subscription fee arrangements. Under previous GAAP, the Company accounted for periodic price increases in the period in which they occurred, and under the new revenue standard, the Company recognizes revenue from periodic price increases on a ratable basis over the term of the contract. Additionally, under previous GAAP, for contracts in which customers host and manage the Company's solutions on-premises or in third-party data centers under term license and maintenance agreements, the Company recognized the entire arrangement consideration monthly over the term of the software license as the Company did not have VSOE of fair value for the license and maintenance. Under the new standard, the Company recognizes software license revenue once the customer obtains control of the license, which generally occurs at the commencement of each license term. Under previous GAAP, the Company also deferred only direct and incremental commission costs to obtain a contract and amortized those costs over the term of the related contract. Under the new standard, the Company defers additional incremental costs related to the customer contract and amortizes those costs over the expected period of customer benefit. Also, a portion of the commission payment is now being expensed as incurred.
The cumulative effect of the changes made to the Company's condensed consolidated January 1, 2018 balance sheet for the adoption of the new revenue standard were as follows:
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2017
 
Adjustments due to the new revenue standard
 
Balance at January 1, 2018
Balance sheet
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contract assets, current portion
 
$

 
$
517

 
$
517

Deferred solution and other costs, current portion
 
9,246

 
64

 
9,310

Deferred solution and other costs, net of current portion
 
12,973

 
265

 
13,238

Deferred implementation costs, net of current portion
 
8,295

 
(93
)
 
8,202

Contract assets, net of current portion
 

 
4,541

 
4,541

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued compensation
 
11,511

 
(571
)
 
10,940

Deferred revenues, current portion
 
38,379

 
(1,803
)
 
36,576

Deferred revenues, net of current portion
 
28,289

 
(8,174
)
 
20,115

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stockholders' equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated deficit
 
$
(152,114
)
 
$
15,842

 
$
(136,272
)
In accordance with the new revenue standard requirements, the disclosure of the impact of adoption on the Company's condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive loss and balance sheet was as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
As Reported
 
Balances without new revenue standard
 
Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
 
As Reported
 
Balances without new revenue standard
 
Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
Income statement
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
$
60,541

 
$
59,632

 
$
909

 
$
173,923

 
$
169,115

 
$
4,808

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Costs and expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of revenues
 
30,140

 
30,180

 
(40
)
 
86,420

 
86,634

 
(214
)
Sales and marketing
 
11,467

 
12,405

 
(938
)
 
34,541

 
35,650

 
(1,109
)
Interest and other income
 
1,025

 
987

 
38

 
1,979

 
1,887

 
92

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss
 
$
(8,859
)
 
$
(10,784
)
 
$
1,925

 
$
(23,534
)
 
$
(29,757
)
 
$
6,223

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted
 
$
(0.21
)
 
$
(0.25
)
 
$
0.04

 
$
(0.55
)
 
$
(0.70
)
 
$
0.15

 
 
As of September 30, 2018
 
 
As Reported
 
Balances without new revenue standard
 
Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
Balance sheet
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable, net
 
$
23,121

 
$
18,252

 
$
4,869

Contract assets, current portion
 
487

 

 
487

Deferred solution and other costs, current portion
 
10,456

 
10,341

 
115

Deferred implementation costs, current portion
 
3,599

 
3,420

 
179

Deferred solution and other costs, net of current portion
 
16,273

 
15,164

 
1,109

Deferred implementation costs, net of current portion
 
10,215

 
10,315

 
(100
)
Contract assets, net of current portion
 
8,346

 

 
8,346

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued compensation
 
10,658

 
11,486

 
(828
)
Deferred revenues, current portion
 
34,799

 
17,637

 
17,162

Deferred revenues, net of current portion
 
25,428

 
48,822

 
(23,394
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stockholders' equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated deficit
 
$
(160,559
)
 
$
(182,624
)
 
$
(22,065
)

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)," to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, "Codification Improvements to Topic 842 (Leases)," which provides narrow amendments to clarify how to apply certain aspects of the new lease standard. In July 2018, the FASB also issued ASU 2018-11, "Targeted Improvements," which provides the option to adopt ASU No. 2016-02 retrospectively for each prior period presented or as of the adoption date with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. These standards are effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early application is permitted. The Company anticipates that the adoption of Topic 842 will impact its condensed consolidated balance sheets as most of its operating lease commitments will be subject to the new standard and recognized as right-of-use assets and corresponding operating lease liabilities upon the adoption of Topic 842, which will increase the total assets and total liabilities that it reports relative to such amounts prior to adoption. The Company intends to adopt the standard using the adoption method outlined in ASU 2018-11, which allows entities to initially apply the new lease standard at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company intends to elect the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within Topic 842, which among other things, will allow the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. In addition, the Company intends to elect the hindsight practical expedient to determine the lease term for existing leases. The Company expects this election of the hindsight practical expedient to result in the lengthening of lease terms for certain existing leases and the useful lives of corresponding leasehold improvements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments," to clarify and provide specific guidance on eight cash flow classification issues that are not addressed by current GAAP and thereby reduce the current diversity in practice. The Company adopted ASU 2016-15, effective January 1, 2018, and there was no impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements as a result of the adoption.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash," which provides guidance on the classification of restricted cash in the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this ASU retrospectively, effective January 1, 2018. As a result, the Company included restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts presented on the consolidated statements of cash flows, resulting in an increase in net cash of $2.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and $1.3 million for fiscal 2017.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment" which simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment by removing Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test and requires an entity to write down the carrying value of goodwill up to the amount by which the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years and early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, "Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718)" to provide clarity and reduce both diversity in practice and cost and complexity when applying the guidance in Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, to a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. The Company adopted ASU 2017-09, effective January 1, 2018, and there was no impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements as a result of the adoption.
In December 2017, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") 118 to address the application of GAAP in situations in which a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or the Tax Act, which was signed into law on December 22, 2017. In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-05, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SEC Update)," which amended ASC 740 to incorporate the requirements of SAB 118. Disclosures related to the effect of the Tax Act and the Company's utilization of SAB 118 appear in Note 11 - Income Taxes.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, "Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40)," which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). ASU 2018-15 will be effective for the Company beginning in its first quarter of 2020, with early adoption permitted. The ASU may be applied retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The Company is anticipating early adoption of the ASU for January 1, 2019 and is currently evaluating the financial statement impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements as a result of this adoption.
v3.10.0.1
Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Business Combinations [Abstract]  
Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions
Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions
In January 2017, the Company acquired the outstanding shares of a privately-owned company. In accordance with ASU 2017-01, the Company determined the set of assets acquired was not a business as substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired was concentrated in a single identifiable asset, and the transaction was accounted for as an asset purchase. The Company acquired the assets for $1.5 million in cash from existing balances which included a hold-back of $0.2 million, which was paid in the first quarter of 2018. Consideration was allocated on a relative fair value basis and resulted in $1.5 million in intangible assets including acquired technology and assembled workforce. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of three years. The acquired intangible assets are not amortizable for income tax purposes, which will result in an increase to deferred tax liabilities and a decrease of valuation allowance of $0.3 million.
During 2015, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Centrix, a privately-owned company that provides financial institutions with products that detect fraud, manage risk and simplify compliance and acquired all of the outstanding ownership interests of Social Money, a privately-owned financial services software company that offers a modern, cloud-based platform that assists financial institutions in their direct digital strategies. During 2017 and the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company paid out $7.2 million and $1.0 million, respectively, to the former Centrix shareholders based upon the achievement of certain milestone-based objectives and continued employment. During 2017, the Company paid out $0.2 million in retention bonuses to certain of the Social Money employees based upon their continued employment with the Company and also released the entire $2.5 million hold-back to the former owners of Social Money upon the expiration of the hold-back period. The Company has recognized $0.1 million and $0.3 million under these agreements in compensation expense included in acquisition related costs in the condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive loss for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $0.6 million and $1.0 million under these agreements for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
v3.10.0.1
Fair Value Measurements
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Measurements
The carrying values of the Company's financial instruments, principally cash equivalents, investments, accounts receivable, restricted cash and accounts payable, approximated their fair values due to the short period of time to maturity or repayment.
Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or an exit price paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The current accounting guidance for fair value measurements defines a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures as follows:
Level 1—Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
Level 2—Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable, unadjusted quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data; and
Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity, which requires the Company to develop its own assumptions.
The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The following table details the fair value hierarchy of the Company's financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2018:
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using:
Cash Equivalents:
 
Fair Value
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Money market funds
 
$
116,561

 
$
116,561

 
$

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments:
 
Fair Value
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
U.S. government agency bonds
 
$
35,256

 
$

 
$
35,256

 
$

Corporate bonds and commercial paper
 
48,540

 

 
48,540

 

Certificates of deposit
 
2,440

 

 
2,440

 

 
 
$
86,236

 
$

 
$
86,236

 
$


The following table details the fair value hierarchy of the Company's financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017:
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using:
Cash Equivalents:
 
Fair Value
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Money market funds
 
$
9,279

 
$
9,279

 
$

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments:
 
Fair Value
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
U.S. government agency bonds
 
$
16,194

 
$

 
$
16,194

 
$

Corporate bonds and commercial paper
 
15,815

 

 
15,815

 

Certificates of deposit
 
9,676

 

 
9,676

 

 
 
$
41,685

 
$

 
$
41,685

 
$


The Company determines the fair value of its investment holdings based on pricing from our pricing vendors. The valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of financial instruments having Level 2 inputs were derived from non-binding consensus prices that are corroborated by observable market data or quoted market prices for similar instruments. Such market prices may be quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1 inputs) or pricing determined using inputs other than quoted prices that are observable either directly or indirectly (Level 2 inputs).
v3.10.0.1
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]  
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments
The Company's cash, cash equivalents and investments as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consisted primarily of cash, U.S. government agency bonds, corporate bonds, commercial paper, certificates of deposit and money market funds.
The Company classifies investments as available-for-sale at the time of purchase and reevaluates such classification as of each balance sheet date. All investments are recorded at estimated fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale investments are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss, a component of stockholders' equity. The Company evaluates its investments to assess whether those with unrealized loss positions are other than temporarily impaired. The Company considers impairments to be other than temporary if they are related to deterioration in credit risk or if it is likely the Company will sell the investments before the recovery of their cost basis. Realized gains and losses and declines in value judged to be other than temporary are determined based on the specific identification method and are reported in other income (expense), net, in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Interest, amortization of premiums and accretion of discount on all investments classified as available-for-sale are also included as a component of other income (expense), net, in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.
As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company's cash was $95.2 million and $48.7 million, respectively.
A summary of the Company's cash equivalents and investments as of September 30, 2018 is as follows:
Cash Equivalents:
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized Gains
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
Money market funds
 
$
116,561

 
$

 
$

 
$
116,561

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments:
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized Gains
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
U.S. government agency bonds
 
$
35,322

 
$

 
$
(66
)
 
$
35,256

Corporate bonds and commercial paper
 
48,557

 
31

 
(48
)
 
48,540

Certificates of deposit
 
2,440

 

 

 
2,440

 
 
$
86,319

 
$
31

 
$
(114
)
 
$
86,236

A summary of the Company's cash equivalents and investments as of December 31, 2017 is as follows:
Cash Equivalents:
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized Gains
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
Money market funds
 
$
9,279

 
$

 
$

 
$
9,279

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments:
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized Gains
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
U.S. government agency bonds
 
$
16,277

 
$

 
$
(83
)
 
$
16,194

Corporate bonds and commercial paper
 
15,871

 

 
(56
)
 
15,815

Certificates of deposit
 
9,676

 

 

 
9,676

 
 
$
41,824

 
$

 
$
(139
)
 
$
41,685


The Company may sell its investments at any time, without significant penalty, for use in current operations or for other purposes, even if they have not yet reached maturity. As a result, the Company classifies its investments, including investments with maturities beyond twelve months, as current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of the Company's investments, designated as available-for-sale and classified by the contractual maturity date of the investments as of the dates shown:
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Due within one year or less
 
$
85,497

 
$
27,324

Due after one year through five years
 
739

 
14,361

 
 
$
86,236

 
$
41,685


The Company has certain available-for-sale investments in a gross unrealized loss position, all of which have been in such position for less than twelve months. The Company reviews its debt securities classified as short-term investments on a regular basis to evaluate whether or not any security has experienced an other than temporary decline in fair value. The Company considers factors such as the length of time and extent to which the market value has been less than the cost, the financial position and near-term prospects of the issuer and its intent to sell, or whether it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the investment before recovery of the investment's amortized-cost basis. If the Company determines that an other than temporary decline exists in one of these investments, the respective investment would be written down to fair value. For debt securities, the portion of the write-down related to credit loss would be recognized in other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Any portion not related to credit loss would be included in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Because the Company does not intend to sell any investments which have an unrealized loss position at this time, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investment before recovery of its amortized cost basis, which may be maturity, the Company does not consider the investments with unrealized loss positions to be other than temporarily impaired as of September 30, 2018.
The following table shows the fair values and the gross unrealized losses of these available-for-sale investments aggregated by investment category as of September 30, 2018:
 
 
Adjusted Cost
 
Gross Unrealized Loss
 
Fair Value
U.S. government agency bonds
 
$
35,322

 
$
(66
)
 
$
35,256

Corporate bonds and commercial paper
 
48,557

 
(48
)
 
48,509

 
 
$
83,879

 
$
(114
)
 
$
83,765


The following table shows the fair values and the gross unrealized losses of these available-for-sale investments aggregated by investment category as of December 31, 2017:
 
 
Adjusted Cost
 
Gross Unrealized Loss
 
Fair Value
U.S. government agency bonds
 
$
16,277

 
$
(83
)
 
$
16,194

Corporate bonds and commercial paper
 
15,871

 
(56
)
 
15,815

 
 
$
32,148

 
$
(139
)
 
$
32,009

v3.10.0.1
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The carrying amount of goodwill was $12.9 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over the fair value of assets acquired. During 2015, the Company completed the acquisitions of Centrix and Social Money. The Company has one operating segment and one reporting unit. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis, and between annual tests if indicators of potential impairment exist, using a fair-value-based approach based on the market capitalization of the reporting unit. The annual impairment test was performed as of October 31, 2017. No impairment of goodwill has been recorded to date. Goodwill is deductible for tax purposes in certain jurisdictions.
Intangible assets at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:
 
 
As of September 30, 2018
 
As of December 31, 2017
 
 
Gross Amount
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net Carrying Amount
 
Gross Amount
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net Carrying Amount
Customer relationships
 
$
3,130

 
$
(1,703
)
 
$
1,427

 
$
3,130

 
$
(1,294
)
 
$
1,836

Non-compete agreements
 
884

 
(581
)
 
303

 
884

 
(451
)
 
433

Trademarks
 
2,140

 
(2,140
)
 

 
2,140

 
(1,724
)
 
416

Acquired technology
 
13,293

 
(10,197
)
 
3,096

 
13,293

 
(7,464
)
 
5,829

Assembled workforce
 
121

 
(68
)
 
53

 
121

 
(38
)
 
83

Capitalized software development costs
 
3,975

 
(1,134
)
 
2,841

 
3,975

 
(538
)
 
3,437

 
 
$
23,543

 
$
(15,823
)
 
$
7,720

 
$
23,543

 
$
(11,509
)
 
$
12,034


The Company recorded intangible assets from the business combinations in 2015 and an asset acquisition in 2017, discussed in Note 3, Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, which range from two to six years. Amortization expense included in cost of revenues in the condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive loss was $0.9 million for each of the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and $2.7 million for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. Amortization expense included in operating expenses in the condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive loss was $0.3 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $1.0 million and $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Capitalized software development costs were $4.0 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. During 2017, all of the products related to capitalized software development costs reached general release, and the Company has commenced amortization of these costs. The Company amortized $0.2 million and $0.1 million of capitalized software development costs for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $0.6 million and $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Capitalized software development costs are computed on an individual product basis and those products available for market are amortized to cost of revenues over the products' estimated economic lives, which are expected to be five years.
v3.10.0.1
Debt
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Debt
Debt
In April 2013, the Company entered into a secured credit facility agreement, or Credit Facility, with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, or Wells Fargo, which the Company and Wells Fargo subsequently amended several times, most recently on March 31, 2016. The Credit Facility, as amended, provided for a line of credit of up to $25.0 million, with an accordion feature, or Accordion Feature, allowing the Company to increase its maximum borrowings by up to an additional $25.0 million, subject to certain conditions and limitations, including that borrowings at any time would be limited to 75% of the Company's trailing twelve-month recurring revenues. Access to the total borrowings available under the Credit Facility was restricted based on covenants related to the Company's minimum liquidity and adjusted EBITDA. Amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility accrued interest, at the Company's election at either: (i) the per annum rate equal to the LIBOR rate plus an applicable margin; or (ii) the then current base rate plus the greater of the U.S. Federal Funds rate plus one percentage point, the one-month LIBOR plus one percentage point, or the lending financial institution's prime rate. The Company paid a monthly fee based on the total unused borrowings balance, an annual administrative fee and the initial closing fee, which was paid in three equal annual installments over the first three years of the Credit Facility. The Accordion Feature expired in October 2016, at which time maximum borrowings under the Facility were reduced to $25.0 million.
In April 2017, the Credit Facility expired pursuant to its original terms. Upon the expiration of the Credit Facility, the Company paid off the outstanding balance, which was less than $0.1 million, and the secured letter of credit which had been issued against the facility for the security deposit for our corporate headquarters is now secured by a $1.0 million restricted deposit with Wells Fargo.
Convertible Senior Notes
The Company issued $230.0 million principal amount of convertible senior notes in February 2018. The interest rates for the Convertible Notes are fixed at 0.75% per annum with interest payable semi-annually on February 15 and August 15 of each year, commencing on August 15, 2018. The Convertible Notes mature on February 15, 2023, unless earlier converted or repurchased in accordance with their terms prior to such date.
Each $1,000 of principal of the Convertible Notes will initially be convertible into 17.4292 shares of the Company's common stock, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $57.38 per share. The initial conversion price for each of the Convertible Notes is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified events.
The Convertible Notes are the Company's senior unsecured obligations and will rank senior in right of payment to any of the Company's indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Convertible Notes, will rank equally in right of payment with any of the Company's indebtedness that is not so subordinated, are effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company's secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness and are structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) of the Company's current or future subsidiaries.
On or after November 15, 2022, holders may convert all or any portion of their Convertible Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date regardless of the succeeding conditions described herein. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of its common stock or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock, at its election, as described in the indenture governing the Convertible Notes.
Holders may convert their Convertible Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding November 15, 2022 only under the following circumstances:
during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on June 30, 2018 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day;
during the five consecutive business day period after any five consecutive trading day period in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company's common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; or
upon the occurrence of specified corporate events.
If a fundamental change (as defined in the relevant indenture governing the Convertible Notes) occurs prior to the maturity date, holders of each of the Convertible Notes may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their notes for cash at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. As of September 30, 2018, the Convertible Notes were not yet convertible.
In accordance with accounting guidance for cash conversion features, the Company valued the liability component at the estimated fair value, as of the date of issuance, of a similar debt without the conversion option. The liability component of the Convertible Notes is recorded in long-term debt, and the interest payable within the next twelve months is recorded in accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2018. The Company recorded the difference between the initial proceeds of the convertible debt and the value allocated to the liability component in additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as the carrying amount of the equity component.
In accounting for the transaction costs for the Convertible Notes issuance, the Company allocated the costs incurred to the liability and equity components in proportion to the allocation of the proceeds from issuance to the liability and equity components. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component, totaling $5.3 million for the Convertible Notes are being amortized to expense over the expected life the Convertible Notes using the effective interest method. Issuance costs attributable to the equity component related to the conversion option, totaling $1.5 million for the Convertible Notes were netted with the equity component.
The Convertible Notes consist of the following:
 
 
As of September 30, 2018
Liability component:
 
 
Principal
 
$
230,000

Unamortized debt discount
 
(45,064
)
Unamortized debt issuance costs
 
(4,814
)
Net carrying amount
 
180,122

 
 
 
Equity component 
 
 
Net allocation of proceeds
 
31,116

Net issuance costs
 
(1,517
)
Net carrying amount
 
$
29,599


The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the Convertible Notes:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Contractual interest expense
 
$
379

 
$
1,027

Amortization of debt issuance costs
 
241

 
587

Amortization of debt discount
 
2,282

 
5,370

Total
 
$
2,902

 
$
6,984


As of September 30, 2018, the remaining period over which the debt discount and debt issuance costs will be amortized was 4.4 years.
Bond Hedges and Warrants Transactions
Concurrent with the offering of the Convertible Notes, the Company entered into separate convertible bond hedges, or Bond Hedges, and warrants, or Warrants, transactions. The Bond Hedges are generally expected to reduce potential dilution to the Company's common stock upon conversion of the Convertible Notes. The Bond Hedges are call options that give the Company the option to purchase, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially identical to those in the Convertible Notes, approximately 0.9 million shares of its common stock for $57.38 per share, exercisable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes and expires in February 2023. The total cost of the Bond Hedges transactions was $41.7 million.
Under the Warrants, the Company issued warrants to acquire, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, up to approximately 4.0 million shares over 80 scheduled trading days beginning on May 15, 2023 at an exercise price of $78.75 per share. If the Warrants are not exercised on their exercise dates, they will expire. Pursuant to the Warrants, if the average market value per share of the Company's common stock for the reporting period, as measured under the Warrants, exceeds the exercise price of the Warrants of $78.75, the Warrants will have a dilutive effect on the Company's earnings per share, assuming the Company is profitable. The Company received $22.4 million in cash proceeds from the sale of the Warrants.
The Bond Hedges and the Warrants are separate transactions, in each case, entered into by the Company with counterparties, and are not part of the terms of the Convertible Notes and will not affect any holders' rights under the Convertible Notes. The holders of the Convertible Notes will not have any rights with respect to the Bond Hedges or Warrants transactions. The Bond Hedges and Warrants do not meet the criteria for derivative accounting as they are indexed to the Company's stock. The amounts paid for the Bond Hedges and the proceeds received from the sale of the Warrants have been included as a net reduction to additional paid-in capital.
v3.10.0.1
Commitments and Contingencies
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments and Contingencies
Operating Lease Commitments
The Company leases office space under non-cancellable operating leases for its corporate headquarters in Austin, Texas in two adjacent buildings under separate lease agreements. Pursuant to the first of which the Company leases approximately 67 square feet of office space with an initial term that expires on April 30, 2021, with the option to extend the lease for an additional five-year term, and pursuant to the second of which the Company leases approximately 129 square feet of office space with an initial term that expires on April 30, 2028, with the option to extend the lease for an additional ten-year term. The Company also leases office space in: Lincoln, Nebraska; Des Moines, Iowa; Atlanta, Georgia; Asheville, North Carolina; and south Austin, Texas. In the second quarter of 2018, the Company vacated a portion of its south Austin office and recorded an unoccupied lease charge of $0.7 million for the remaining contractual lease payments, associated asset disposal, and related fees, less estimated sublease income. The associated lease liability of $0.2 million is expected to be paid during the succeeding twelve-month period and recorded in accrued liabilities, and the remaining portion of $0.4 million is recorded in other long-term liabilities, on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2018. The Company believes its current facilities will be adequate for its needs for the current term and will evaluate its needs for expansion beyond the 2021 lease expiration. Rent expense under operating leases was $1.0 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $3.2 million and $3.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Future minimum payments required under operating leases that have initial or remaining non-cancelable lease terms in excess of one year at September 30, 2018 were as follows:
 
 
Operating Leases
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2018 (from October 1 to December 31)
 
$
1,427

2019
 
5,361

2020
 
5,364

2021
 
4,461

2022
 
3,969

Thereafter
 
20,677

Total commitments
 
$
41,259


Contractual Commitments
The Company has non-cancelable contractual commitments related to the Convertible Notes and related interest, third-party products, co-location fees and other product costs. The Company is party to several purchase commitments for third-party products that contain both a contractual minimum obligation and a variable obligation based upon usage or other factors which can change on a monthly basis. The interest on the Convertible Notes is payable semi-annually on February 15 and August 15 of each year. The estimated amounts for usage and other factors are not included within the table below. Future minimum contractual commitments that have initial or remaining non-cancelable terms in excess of one year were as follows:
 
 
Contractual Commitments
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2018 (from October 1 to December 31)
 
$
2,780

2019
 
14,183

2020
 
10,425

2021
 
9,096

2022
 
9,080

Thereafter
 
236,379

Total commitments
 
$
281,943


Legal Proceedings
From time to time, the Company may become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of its business. The Company is not presently a party to any legal proceedings that, if determined adversely to the Company, would have a material adverse effect on the Company.
v3.10.0.1
Convertible Senior Notes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Convertible Senior Notes
Debt
In April 2013, the Company entered into a secured credit facility agreement, or Credit Facility, with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, or Wells Fargo, which the Company and Wells Fargo subsequently amended several times, most recently on March 31, 2016. The Credit Facility, as amended, provided for a line of credit of up to $25.0 million, with an accordion feature, or Accordion Feature, allowing the Company to increase its maximum borrowings by up to an additional $25.0 million, subject to certain conditions and limitations, including that borrowings at any time would be limited to 75% of the Company's trailing twelve-month recurring revenues. Access to the total borrowings available under the Credit Facility was restricted based on covenants related to the Company's minimum liquidity and adjusted EBITDA. Amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility accrued interest, at the Company's election at either: (i) the per annum rate equal to the LIBOR rate plus an applicable margin; or (ii) the then current base rate plus the greater of the U.S. Federal Funds rate plus one percentage point, the one-month LIBOR plus one percentage point, or the lending financial institution's prime rate. The Company paid a monthly fee based on the total unused borrowings balance, an annual administrative fee and the initial closing fee, which was paid in three equal annual installments over the first three years of the Credit Facility. The Accordion Feature expired in October 2016, at which time maximum borrowings under the Facility were reduced to $25.0 million.
In April 2017, the Credit Facility expired pursuant to its original terms. Upon the expiration of the Credit Facility, the Company paid off the outstanding balance, which was less than $0.1 million, and the secured letter of credit which had been issued against the facility for the security deposit for our corporate headquarters is now secured by a $1.0 million restricted deposit with Wells Fargo.
Convertible Senior Notes
The Company issued $230.0 million principal amount of convertible senior notes in February 2018. The interest rates for the Convertible Notes are fixed at 0.75% per annum with interest payable semi-annually on February 15 and August 15 of each year, commencing on August 15, 2018. The Convertible Notes mature on February 15, 2023, unless earlier converted or repurchased in accordance with their terms prior to such date.
Each $1,000 of principal of the Convertible Notes will initially be convertible into 17.4292 shares of the Company's common stock, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $57.38 per share. The initial conversion price for each of the Convertible Notes is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified events.
The Convertible Notes are the Company's senior unsecured obligations and will rank senior in right of payment to any of the Company's indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Convertible Notes, will rank equally in right of payment with any of the Company's indebtedness that is not so subordinated, are effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company's secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness and are structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) of the Company's current or future subsidiaries.
On or after November 15, 2022, holders may convert all or any portion of their Convertible Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date regardless of the succeeding conditions described herein. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of its common stock or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock, at its election, as described in the indenture governing the Convertible Notes.
Holders may convert their Convertible Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding November 15, 2022 only under the following circumstances:
during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on June 30, 2018 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day;
during the five consecutive business day period after any five consecutive trading day period in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company's common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; or
upon the occurrence of specified corporate events.
If a fundamental change (as defined in the relevant indenture governing the Convertible Notes) occurs prior to the maturity date, holders of each of the Convertible Notes may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their notes for cash at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. As of September 30, 2018, the Convertible Notes were not yet convertible.
In accordance with accounting guidance for cash conversion features, the Company valued the liability component at the estimated fair value, as of the date of issuance, of a similar debt without the conversion option. The liability component of the Convertible Notes is recorded in long-term debt, and the interest payable within the next twelve months is recorded in accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2018. The Company recorded the difference between the initial proceeds of the convertible debt and the value allocated to the liability component in additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as the carrying amount of the equity component.
In accounting for the transaction costs for the Convertible Notes issuance, the Company allocated the costs incurred to the liability and equity components in proportion to the allocation of the proceeds from issuance to the liability and equity components. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component, totaling $5.3 million for the Convertible Notes are being amortized to expense over the expected life the Convertible Notes using the effective interest method. Issuance costs attributable to the equity component related to the conversion option, totaling $1.5 million for the Convertible Notes were netted with the equity component.
The Convertible Notes consist of the following:
 
 
As of September 30, 2018
Liability component:
 
 
Principal
 
$
230,000

Unamortized debt discount
 
(45,064
)
Unamortized debt issuance costs
 
(4,814
)
Net carrying amount
 
180,122

 
 
 
Equity component 
 
 
Net allocation of proceeds
 
31,116

Net issuance costs
 
(1,517
)
Net carrying amount
 
$
29,599


The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the Convertible Notes:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Contractual interest expense
 
$
379

 
$
1,027

Amortization of debt issuance costs
 
241

 
587

Amortization of debt discount
 
2,282

 
5,370

Total
 
$
2,902

 
$
6,984


As of September 30, 2018, the remaining period over which the debt discount and debt issuance costs will be amortized was 4.4 years.
Bond Hedges and Warrants Transactions
Concurrent with the offering of the Convertible Notes, the Company entered into separate convertible bond hedges, or Bond Hedges, and warrants, or Warrants, transactions. The Bond Hedges are generally expected to reduce potential dilution to the Company's common stock upon conversion of the Convertible Notes. The Bond Hedges are call options that give the Company the option to purchase, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially identical to those in the Convertible Notes, approximately 0.9 million shares of its common stock for $57.38 per share, exercisable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes and expires in February 2023. The total cost of the Bond Hedges transactions was $41.7 million.
Under the Warrants, the Company issued warrants to acquire, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, up to approximately 4.0 million shares over 80 scheduled trading days beginning on May 15, 2023 at an exercise price of $78.75 per share. If the Warrants are not exercised on their exercise dates, they will expire. Pursuant to the Warrants, if the average market value per share of the Company's common stock for the reporting period, as measured under the Warrants, exceeds the exercise price of the Warrants of $78.75, the Warrants will have a dilutive effect on the Company's earnings per share, assuming the Company is profitable. The Company received $22.4 million in cash proceeds from the sale of the Warrants.
The Bond Hedges and the Warrants are separate transactions, in each case, entered into by the Company with counterparties, and are not part of the terms of the Convertible Notes and will not affect any holders' rights under the Convertible Notes. The holders of the Convertible Notes will not have any rights with respect to the Bond Hedges or Warrants transactions. The Bond Hedges and Warrants do not meet the criteria for derivative accounting as they are indexed to the Company's stock. The amounts paid for the Bond Hedges and the proceeds received from the sale of the Warrants have been included as a net reduction to additional paid-in capital.
v3.10.0.1
Stock-Based Compensation
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-Based Compensation
In March 2014, the Company's board of directors approved the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, or 2014 Plan, under which stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares and units and other cash-based or stock-based awards may be granted to employees, consultants and directors. Shares of common stock that are issued and available for issuance under the 2014 Plan consist of authorized, but unissued or reacquired shares of common stock or any combination thereof.
As of December 31, 2017, a total of 7,297 shares had been reserved for issuance under the 2014 Plan. The 2014 Plan contains a provision that automatically increases the shares available for issuance under the plan on January 1 of each year subsequent to the 2014 Plan's adoption through 2024, by an amount equal to the smaller of (a) 4.5% of the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding on the immediately preceding December 31, or (b) an amount determined by the Company's board of directors. On January 1, 2018, 1,889 shares were added to the 2014 Plan in accordance with the annual automatic increase provision of the 2014 Plan. In addition, the 2014 Plan reserve is automatically increased to include any shares issuable upon expiration or termination of options granted under the Company's 2007 Stock Plan, or 2007 Plan, for options that expire or terminate without having been exercised. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, no shares have been transferred to the 2014 Plan from the 2007 Plan, and as of September 30, 2018 a total of 9,186 shares were allocated for issuance under the 2014 Plan. As of September 30, 2018, options to purchase a total of 2,706 shares of common stock have been granted under the 2014 Plan, 3,358 shares have been reserved under the 2014 Plan for the vesting of restricted stock units and market stock units, 537 shares have been returned to the 2014 Plan as a result of termination of options that expired or terminated without having been exercised and restricted stock awards that terminated prior to the awards vesting, and 3,659 shares of common stock remain available for future issuance under the 2014 Plan.
In July 2007, the Company adopted the 2007 Plan under which options or stock purchase rights may be granted to employees, consultants and directors. Upon the completion of the Company's initial public offering, or IPO, in March 2014, the board of directors terminated the 2007 Plan in connection with the IPO and all shares that were available for future issuance under the 2007 Plan at such time were transferred to the 2014 Plan. The 2007 Plan will continue to govern the terms and conditions of all outstanding equity awards granted under the 2007 Plan. As of September 30, 2018, no shares remain available for future issuance under the 2007 Plan. Shares of common stock that are issued and were available for issuance under the 2007 Plan consist of authorized, but unissued or reacquired shares of common stock or any combination thereof.
Stock Options
Stock option activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was as follows:
 
 
Number of Options
 
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Balance as of January 1, 2018
 
3,692

 
$
17.63

Granted
 
12

 
47.00

Exercised
 
(890
)
 
12.31

Forfeited
 
(7
)
 
22.90

Balance as of September 30, 2018
 
2,807

 
$
19.43


Restricted Stock Units
Restricted stock unit activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was as follows:
 
 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested as of January 1, 2018
 
1,680

 
$
32.65

Granted
 
690

 
56.74

Vested
 
(486
)
 
31.66

Forfeited
 
(91
)
 
34.92

Nonvested as of September 30, 2018
 
1,793

 
$
42.07


Market Stock Units
In the first quarter of 2018, the Company began granting market stock units to certain executives under the 2014 Plan. The market stock units are performance-based awards that vest based upon the Company's relative stockholder return. The actual number of market stock units that will be eligible to vest is based on the total stockholder return of the Company relative to the total stockholder return of the Index over the three-year performance period. Up to one-third of the target shares of our common stock subject to each market stock unit award are eligible to be earned after the first and second years of the performance period and up to 200% of the full target number of shares subject to each market stock unit award are eligible to be earned after the completion of the three-year performance period (less any shares earned for years one and two) based on the average price of the Company's common stock relative to the Index during the performance period. 
Market stock unit activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was as follows:
 
 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested as of January 1, 2018
 

 
$

Granted
 
242

 
21.89

Vested
 

 

Forfeited
 

 

Nonvested as of September 30, 2018
 
242

 
$
21.89



The Company estimates the fair value of market stock units on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The determination of fair value of the market stock units is affected by the Company's and peer firms' stock prices and a number of assumptions including the expected volatilities of the Company's and peer firms' stock and the Index, and its risk-free interest rate. The Company's expected volatility at the date of grant was based on the historical volatilities of its stock and peer firms' stocks and the Index over the performance period. The Company did not estimate a dividend rate or a forfeiture rate for the market stock units due to the limited size, the vesting period and nature of the grantee population and the lack of history of granting this type of award.

Significant assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation model for the market stock units granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 are as follows:
 
 
As of September 30, 2018
Volatility
 
36.5 - 36.6%
Risk-free interest rate
 
2.4 - 2.7%
Dividend yield
 
Longest remaining performance period (in years)
 
3
v3.10.0.1
Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, the income tax benefit for the three months ended September 30, 2018 is based on the estimated annual effective tax rate for fiscal year 2018. The estimated effective tax rate may be subject to adjustment in subsequent quarterly periods as the estimates of pretax income for the year, along with other items that may affect the rate, change.
The Company's (benefit from) provision for income taxes reflected an effective tax rate of approximately (3.1)% and 0.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and (2.6)% and 1.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company's effective tax rate was lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate primarily due to changes to its valuation allowance.
The Company has significant deferred tax assets related to its net operating loss carryforwards and tax credits and has provided a valuation allowance for the amount of its deferred tax assets, as it is not more likely than not that any future benefit from deductible temporary differences, net operating loss carryforwards, and tax credit carryforwards will be realized. This assessment requires judgment as to the likelihood and amounts of future taxable income by tax jurisdiction.
To date, the Company has provided a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets as it believes the objective and verifiable evidence of its historical pretax net losses outweighs any positive evidence of its forecasted future results. Although the Company believes that its tax estimates are reasonable, the ultimate tax determination involves significant judgment that is subject to audit by tax authorities in the ordinary course of business. The Company will continue to monitor the positive and negative evidence, and it will adjust the valuation allowance as sufficient objective positive evidence becomes available.
The Company had no unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2018. The Company's tax years 2013 through 2017 generally remain open to examination by the major taxing jurisdictions to which the Company is subject. The Company's 2013 return is currently under examination by Texas, and the Company expects no material tax adjustments related to the examination. The Company is not currently under examination by any other taxing jurisdiction.
The Tax Act was enacted on December 22, 2017 and reduces the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, requiring companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred and creates new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings. At September 30, 2018, the Company does not have any foreign subsidiaries and the international aspects of the Tax Act are not applicable.
In connection with the initial analysis of the impact of the Tax Act at December 31, 2017, the Company remeasured certain deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the tax rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future, which is generally 21%. The remeasurement of the Company's deferred tax balance was primarily offset by application of its valuation allowance. The Company applied the guidance in SAB 118 when accounting for the enactment-date effects of the Act in 2017 and throughout 2018, recording provisional amounts related to the remeasurement of the deferred tax balances in the fourth quarter of 2017 while it continued to analyze certain aspects of the Tax Act. As of September 30, 2018, the Company has completed its 2017 income tax returns and its accounting for the enactment-date income tax effects of the Act with no adjustments to the provisional amounts recorded at December 31, 2017.
v3.10.0.1
Subsequent Events
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Subsequent Events [Abstract]  
Subsequent Events
Subsequent Events
On August 6, 2018, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger, or the Merger Agreement, pursuant to which the Company agreed to acquire Cloud Lending, Inc., a Delaware corporation, or Cloud Lending, for a closing purchase price of $105.0 million, and on October 15, 2018, the Company consummated its acquisition of Cloud Lending. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, potential additional consideration may become payable at certain measurement dates in the future upon the achievement by the acquired business of certain financial metrics. A portion of the purchase price ($10.5 million) was placed into escrow at closing to secure certain post-closing indemnification obligations in the Merger Agreement.
v3.10.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation
These interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP, and Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, requirements for interim financial statements. The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Q2 Holdings, Inc. and its direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Principles of Consolidation
In the Company's opinion, the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and include all adjustments, consisting of normal, recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation. Certain information and disclosures normally included in the notes to the annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been omitted from these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Accordingly, these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, which are included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 16, 2018. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018 or for any other period.
Reclassifications
Certain amounts appearing in the prior year's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Significant items subject to such estimates include: for revenue recognition, determining the nature and timing of satisfaction of performance obligations, variable consideration, and other revenue items requiring significant judgment; stock-based compensation; the carrying value of goodwill; the fair value of acquired intangibles; the capitalization of software development costs; the useful lives of property and equipment and long-lived intangible assets; and income taxes. In accordance with GAAP, management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Management regularly evaluates its estimates and assumptions using historical experience and other factors; however, actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments acquired with an original maturity of ninety days or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are stated at cost or fair value based on the underlying security.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash consists of deposits held as collateral for the Company's secured letters of credit issued in place of the security deposit for the Company's corporate headquarters.
Investments
Investments consist primarily of U.S. government agency bonds, corporate bonds, commercial paper, certificates of deposit and money market funds. All investments are considered available for sale and are carried at fair value.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, investments and accounts receivable. The Company's cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and investments are placed with high credit quality financial institutions and issuers, and at times may exceed federally-insured limits. The Company has not experienced any loss relating to cash and cash equivalents or restricted cash in these accounts. The Company provides credit, in the normal course of business, to a number of its customers. The Company performs periodic credit evaluations of its customers' financial condition and generally does not require collateral.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are stated at net realizable value, including both billed and unbilled receivables to customers. Unbilled receivable balances included in accounts receivable arise primarily when the Company provides services in advance of billing for those services. Generally, billing for revenues related to the number of registered users and the number of transactions processed by the Company's registered users that are included in the Company's minimum subscription fee occurs in the month the revenue is recognized, resulting in accounts receivable. Billing for revenues relating to the number of registered users and the number of transactions processed by the Company's registered users that are in excess of the Company's minimum subscription fees are, generally, billed in the month following the month the revenues were earned, resulting in an unbilled receivable. Included in the accounts receivable balances as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were unbilled receivables of $2.8 million and $2.1 million, respectively.
The Company assesses the collectability of outstanding accounts receivable on an ongoing basis and maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for accounts receivable deemed uncollectable. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company did not provide for an allowance for doubtful accounts, as all amounts outstanding were deemed collectable. Historically, the Company's collection experience has not varied significantly, and bad debt expenses have been insignificant.
The Company maintains a reserve for estimated sales credits issued to customers for billing disputes or other service-related reasons. This allowance is recorded as a reduction against current period revenues and accounts receivable. In estimating this allowance, the Company analyzes prior periods to determine the amounts of sales credits issued to customers compared to the revenues in the period that related to the original customer invoice. This estimate is analyzed quarterly and adjusted as necessary.
Contract Balances, Deferred Revenue, Revenues and Cost of Revenues
Deferred revenues primarily consist of amounts that have been billed to or received from customers in advance of revenue recognition and prepayments received from customers in advance for implementation, maintenance and other services, as well as initial subscription fees. The Company recognizes deferred revenues as revenues when the services are performed and the corresponding revenue recognition criteria are met. Customer prepayments are generally applied against invoices issued to customers when services are performed and billed.
The net decrease in the deferred revenue balance for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 is primarily driven by the recognition of $31.1 million of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance at December 31, 2017 and a $6.2 million decrease from the adoption of the new revenue standard and the related netting of contract assets and liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis, partially offset by cash payments received or due in advance of satisfying the Company's performance obligations of $30.9 million. Amounts recognized from deferred revenues represent primarily revenue from the sale of subscription and implementation services.
The Company's payment terms vary by the type and location of its customer and the products or services offered, and the term between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant. For certain products or services and customer types, the Company requires payment before the products or services are delivered to the customer.
On September 30, 2018, the Company had $774.2 million of remaining performance obligations, which represents contracted revenue minimums that have not yet been recognized, including amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. The Company expects to recognize approximately 53% percent of its remaining performance obligations as revenue in the next 24 months, an additional 38% percent in the next 25 to 48 months, and the balance thereafter.
The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections can result in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables (contract assets), and deferred revenues (contract liabilities). Billings scheduled to occur after the performance obligation has been satisfied and revenue recognition has occurred result in contract assets. Contract assets that are expected to be billed during the succeeding twelve-month period are recorded in contract assets, current portion, and the remaining portion is recorded in contract assets, net of current portion on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2018. A contract liability results when the Company receives prepayments or deposits from customers in advance for implementation, maintenance and other services, as well as initial subscription fees. Customer prepayments are generally applied against invoices issued to customers when services are performed and billed. The Company recognizes contract liabilities as revenues when the services are performed, and the corresponding revenue recognition criteria are met. Contract liabilities that are expected to be recognized as revenues during the succeeding twelve-month period are recorded in deferred revenues, current portion, and the remaining portion is recorded in deferred revenue, net of current portion, on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets at the end of each reporting period.
Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the Company's customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services over the term of the agreement, generally when the Company's solutions are implemented and made available to the customers. The promised consideration may include fixed amounts, variable amounts or both. Revenues are recognized net of sales credits and allowances.
Revenue-generating activities are directly related to the sale, implementation and support of the Company's solutions within a single operating segment. The Company derives the majority of its revenues from subscription fees for the use of its solutions hosted in the Company's data centers, transaction revenue from bill-pay solutions, as well as revenues for customer support and implementation services related to the Company's solutions. The Company recognizes the corresponding revenues over time on a ratable basis over the customer agreement term. The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with the new revenue standard, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which was adopted on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method.
The following tables disaggregate the Company's revenue by major source:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
Subscription
 
Transactional
 
Services and Other
 
Consolidated
Total Revenues
 
$
41,895

 
$
10,417

 
$
8,229

 
$
60,541


 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
Subscription
 
Transactional
 
Services and Other
 
Consolidated
Total Revenues
 
$
121,262

 
$
27,936

 
$
24,725

 
$
173,923


Subscription Revenues
The Company's software solutions are available for use as hosted application arrangements under subscription fee agreements without licensing perpetual rights to the software. Subscription fees from these applications, including contractual periodic price increases, are recognized over time on a ratable basis over the customer agreement term beginning on the date the Company's solution is made available to the customer. Amounts that have been invoiced are recorded in accounts receivable and deferred revenues or revenues, depending on whether the revenue recognition criteria have been met. Periodic price increases are estimated at contract inception and result in contract assets as revenue recognition may exceed the amount billed early in the contract. Additional fees for monthly usage above the levels included in the standard subscription fee are recognized as revenue in the month when the usage amounts are determined and reported.
A small portion of the Company's customers host and manage the Company's solutions on-premises or in third-party data centers under term license and maintenance agreements. Term licenses sold with maintenance entitle the customer to technical support, upgrades and updates to the software on a when-and-if-available basis. Under the new revenue standard, the Company recognizes software license revenue once the customer obtains control of the license, which generally occurs at the start of each license term. The Company recognizes the remaining arrangement consideration for maintenance revenue over time on a ratable basis over the term of the software license. If the expected length of time between when the Company transfers the software license to the customer and when the customer pays for it results in a significant financing component, the Company adjusts the promised amount of consideration for the effects of the time value of money, which reflects the price the customer would have paid when the license was transferred. Revenues from term licenses and maintenance agreements and the related financing component were not significant in the periods presented.
Transactional Revenues
The Company earns the majority of its transactional revenues based on the number of bill-pay transactions that registered users initiate on its solutions. The Company recognizes revenue for bill-pay transaction services in the month incurred based on actual transactions.
Services and Other Revenues
Implementation services are required for each new Q2 platform and Centrix standalone contract, and there is a significant level of integration and configuration for each customer. The Company's revenue for upfront implementation services are billed upfront and recognized over time on a ratable basis over the customer agreement term for its hosted application agreements. Upfront implementation services for on-premises agreements are recognized at commencement date.
Professional services revenues, which primarily consist of training, advisory services, core conversion services, web design, and other general professional services, are generally billed and recognized when delivered.
Certain out-of-pocket expenses billed to customers are recorded as revenues rather than an offset to the related expense. Revenues recorded from out-of-pocket expense reimbursements totaled approximately $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and $1.2 million for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. The out-of-pocket expenses are reported in cost of revenues.
Significant Judgments
Performance Obligations and Standalone Selling Price
A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of accounting in the new revenue standard. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. The Company has contracts with customers that often include multiple performance obligations, usually including multiple subscription and implementation services. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct by allocating the contract's total transaction price to each performance obligation in an amount based on the relative standalone selling price, or SSP, of each distinct good or service in the contract. In determining whether implementation services are distinct from the subscription services, the Company considered various factors including the significant level of integration, interdependency, and interrelation between the implementation and subscription service, as well as the inability of the customer's personnel or other service providers to perform significant portions of the services. The Company has concluded that the implementation services included in contacts with multiple performance obligations are not distinct and, as a result, the Company defers any arrangement fees for implementation services and recognizes such amounts over time on a ratable basis as one performance obligation with the underlying subscription revenue for the initial agreement term of the hosted application agreements.
The majority of our revenue recognized at any particular point in time is for professional services and usage revenue. These services are performed within a relatively short period of time and are recognized at the point in time in which the customer obtains control of the asset, which is generally upon completion of the service.
Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. A contract's transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The primary method used to estimate SSP is the adjusted market assessment approach, which considers its overall pricing objectives, market conditions and other factors, including the value of the Company's contracts, its discounting practices, the size and volume of its transactions, customer characteristics, price lists, go-to-market strategy, historical standalone sales and agreement prices, and the number and types of users within its contracts.
Variable Consideration
The Company recognizes usage revenue related to users accessing its products in excess of contracted amounts and bill-pay transactions that registered users initiate on its solutions. Judgment is required to determine the accounting for these types of revenue. The Company considers various factors including the degree to which usage is interdependent or interrelated to past services, costs per user over the contract to the Company, and contractual price per user changes and their relationship to market terms, forecasted data, and the Company's cost to fulfill the obligation. The Company has concluded that both types of usage revenue meet the variable consideration exception and recognizes each on a monthly or quarterly basis, as defined per agreement, as determined and reported. This allocation reflects the amount the Company expects to receive for the services for the given period.
The Company sometimes provides credits or incentives to its customers. Known and estimable credits and incentives represent a form of variable consideration, which are estimated at contract inception and reduce the revenues recognized for a particular contract. These estimates are updated at the end of each reporting period as additional information becomes available. The Company believes that there will not be significant changes to its estimates of variable consideration.
Other Considerations
The Company evaluates whether it is the principal (i.e., report revenues on a gross basis) or agent (i.e., report revenues on a net basis) for vendor reseller agreements. Generally, the Company reports revenues from these types of contracts on a gross basis, meaning the amounts billed to customers are recorded as revenues, and expenses incurred are recorded as cost of revenues. Where the Company is the principal, it first obtains control of the inputs to the specific good or service and directs their use to create the combined output. The Company's control is evidenced by its involvement in the integration of the good or service on its platform before it is transferred to its customers and is further supported by the Company being primarily responsible to its customers and having a level of discretion in establishing pricing. Revenues provided from agreements in which the Company is an agent are immaterial.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues is comprised primarily of salaries and other personnel-related costs, including employee benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation, for employees providing services to the Company's customers. Costs associated with these services include the costs of the Company's implementation, customer support, data center and customer training personnel, as well as costs related to research and development personnel who perform implementation and customer support services. Cost of revenues also includes the direct costs of bill-pay and other third-party intellectual property included in the Company's solutions, the amortization of deferred solution and services costs, co-location facility costs and depreciation of the Company's data center assets, an allocation of general overhead costs and referral fees. Direct costs of third-party intellectual property include amounts paid for third-party licenses and related maintenance that are incorporated into the Company's software and the amortization of acquired technology from the Company's recent acquisitions, with the costs amortized to cost of revenues over the useful lives of the purchased assets.
The Company capitalizes certain personnel costs that are direct or incremental to the implementation of its solutions to the extent those costs are considered to be recoverable from future revenues. The Company amortizes the costs for a particular implementation once revenue recognition commences, and the Company amortizes those implementation costs over the expected period of customer benefit, which has been determined to be the estimated life of the technology. Other costs not directly recoverable from future revenues are expensed in the period incurred.
Deferred Implementation Costs and Deferred Solution and Other Costs
The Company capitalizes certain personnel and other costs, such as employee salaries, benefits and the associated payroll taxes that are direct or incremental to the implementation of its solutions. The Company analyzes implementation costs that may be capitalized to assess their recoverability, and only capitalizes costs that it anticipates to be recoverable. The Company assesses the recoverability of its deferred implementation costs by comparing the greater of the amount of the non-cancellable portion of a customer's contract and the non-refundable customer prepayments received as it relates to the specific implementation costs incurred. The Company begins amortizing the deferred implementation costs for an implementation once the revenue recognition criteria have been met, and the Company amortizes those deferred implementation costs ratably over the expected period of customer benefit, which has been determined to be the estimated life of the technology, which the Company estimates to be five to seven years. The Company determined the period of benefit by considering factors such as historically high renewal rates with similar customers and contracts, initial contract length, an expectation that there will still be a demand for the product at the end of its term, and the significant costs to switch to a competitor's product, all of which are governed by the estimated useful life of the technology.
The portion of deferred implementation costs expected to be amortized during the succeeding twelve-month period is recorded in current assets as deferred implementation costs, current portion, and the remainder is recorded in long-term assets as deferred implementation costs, net of current portion on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company capitalized implementation costs in the amount of $2.3 million and $1.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and recognized $1.1 million and $1.2 million of amortization during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company capitalized implementation costs in the amount of $5.5 million and $4.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and recognized $3.5 million and $3.2 million of amortization during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Amortization expense is included in cost of revenues in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Deferred Solution and Other Costs
The Company capitalizes sales commissions and other third-party costs, such as third-party licenses and maintenance related to its customer agreements. The Company capitalizes sales commissions because the commission charges are so closely related to the revenues from the non-cancellable customer agreements that they should be recorded as an asset and charged to expense over the same period that the related revenue is recognized. Under the new revenue standard, the Company capitalizes commissions and bonuses for those involved in the sale, including direct employees and indirect supervisors, as these are incremental to the sale. The Company typically pays commissions in two increments. The initial payment is made after the contract has been executed and the initial deposit received from the customer, and the final payment is made upon commencement date. The Company requires that an individual remain employed to collect a commission when it is due. The service period between the first and second payment is considered to be a substantive service period, and as a result, the Company expenses the final payment when made. The Company begins amortizing deferred solution and other costs for a particular customer agreement once the revenue recognition criteria are met and amortizes those deferred costs over the expected period of customer benefit, which has been determined to be the estimated life of the technology. The Company determined the period of benefit by considering factors such as historically high renewal rates with similar customers and contracts, initial contract length, an expectation that there will still be a demand for the product at the end of its term, and the significant costs to switch to a competitor's product, all of which are governed by the estimated useful life of the technology.
The Company analyzes solution and other costs that may be capitalized to assess their recoverability and only capitalizes costs that it anticipates being recoverable. The portion of capitalized costs expected to be amortized during the succeeding twelve-month period is recorded in current assets as deferred solution and other costs, current portion, and the remainder is recorded in long-term assets as deferred solution and other costs, net of current portion.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Maintenance and repairs that do not extend the life of or improve an asset are expensed in the period incurred.
The estimated useful lives of property and equipment are as follows:
Computer hardware and equipment
 
3 - 5 years
Purchased software and licenses
 
3 - 5 years
Furniture and fixtures
 
7 years
Leasehold improvements
 
Lesser of estimated useful life or lease term
Purchase Price Allocation, Intangible Assets, and Goodwill
The purchase price allocation for business combinations and asset acquisitions requires extensive use of accounting estimates and judgments to allocate the purchase price to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective fair values. The Company early adopted ASU No. 2017-01, "Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business" as of January 1, 2017. Under ASU 2017-01, the Company first determines whether substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. If this threshold is met, the single asset or group of assets, as applicable, is not a business. If it is not met, the Company determines whether the single asset or group of assets, as applicable, meets the definition of a business.
In connection with the Company's acquisitions of Centrix Solutions, Inc., or Centrix, in July 2015, Smarty Pig, LLC, doing business as Social Money, or Social Money, in November 2015, and an asset purchase in January 2017, the Company recorded certain intangible assets, including acquired technology, customer relationships, trademarks, non-compete agreements and assembled workforce. Amounts allocated to the acquired intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives. The Company periodically reviews the estimated useful lives and fair values of its identifiable intangible assets, taking into consideration any events or circumstances which might result in a diminished fair value or revised useful life.
The excess purchase price over the fair value of assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually in October, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred. Because the Company operates in a single reporting unit, the impairment test is performed at the consolidated entity level by comparing the estimated fair value of the Company to the carrying value of the Company. The Company estimates the fair value of the reporting unit using a "step one" analysis using a fair-value-based approach based on the market capitalization or a discounted cash flow analysis of projected future results to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Determining the fair value of goodwill is subjective in nature and often involves the use of estimates and assumptions including, without limitation, use of estimates of future prices and volumes for the Company's products, capital needs, economic trends and other factors which are inherently difficult to forecast. If actual results, or the plans and estimates used in future impairment analyses are lower than the original estimates used to assess the recoverability of these assets, the Company could incur impairment charges in a future period.
Software Development Costs
Software development costs include salaries and other personnel-related costs, including employee benefits and bonuses attributed to programmers, software engineers and quality control teams working on the Company's software solutions. The costs related to software development that are incurred between reaching technological feasibility of a solution and the point at which the solution is ready for general release are capitalized and are included in intangible assets, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Capitalized software development costs are computed on an individual product basis, and products available for market are amortized to cost of revenues over the products' estimated economic lives.
Research and Development Costs
Research and development costs include salaries and other personnel-related costs, including employee benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation, third-party contractor expenses, software development tools, an allocation of facilities and depreciation expenses and other related expenses incurred in developing new solutions and upgrading and enhancing existing solutions. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
Advertising
All advertising costs of the Company are expensed the first time the advertising takes place.
Sales Tax
The Company presents sales taxes and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities on a net basis and, as such, excludes them from revenues.
Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss includes net loss as well as other changes in stockholders' equity that result from transactions and economic events other than those with stockholders. Other comprehensive loss consists of net loss and unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale investments.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock options, restricted stock units, and market stock units awarded to employees, directors, executives and consultants are measured at fair value at each grant date. The Company recognizes compensation expense ratably over the requisite service period of the option or restricted stock unit award. As of January 1, 2017, the Company no longer uses a forfeiture rate to recognize compensation expense as a result of the adoption of ASU No. 2016-09, "Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting." Generally, options vest 25% on the one-year anniversary of the grant date with the balance vesting monthly over the following 36 months, and restricted stock unit awards vest in four annual installments of 25% each. Market stock units are performance-based awards that cliff vest based on the Company's stockholder return relative to the total stockholder return of the Russell 2000 Index, or Index, over a three-year period on the anniversary of the date of grant. Up to one-third of the target shares of our common stock subject to each market stock unit award are eligible to be earned after the first and second years of the performance period and up to 200% of the full target number of shares subject to each market stock unit award are eligible to be earned after the completion of the three-year performance period (less any shares earned for years one and two) based on the average price of the Company's common stock relative to the Index during the performance period.
The Company values stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires the input of subjective assumptions, including the risk-free interest rate, expected life, expected stock price volatility and dividend yield. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates for constant maturity U.S. Treasury securities consistent with the expected term of the Company's employee stock options. The expected life represents the period of time the stock options are expected to be outstanding and is based on the simplified method. Under the simplified method, the expected life of an option is presumed to be the mid-point between the vesting date and end of the contractual term. The Company used the simplified method due to the lack of sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to otherwise estimate the expected life of the stock options. Due to the Company's limited history as a public company, expected volatility is based on historical volatilities for publicly traded stock of comparable companies over the estimated expected life of the stock options. The Company assumed no dividend yield because it does not expect to pay dividends in the near future, which is consistent with the Company's history of not paying dividends.
The Company values restricted stock units at the closing market price on the date of grant and recognizes compensation expense ratably over the requisite service period of the restricted stock unit award.
The Company estimates the fair value of market stock units on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The determination of fair value of the market stock units is affected by the Company's stock price and a number of assumptions including the expected volatility and the risk-free interest rate. The Company's expected volatility at the date of grant was based on the historical volatilities of its stock and peer firms' stocks and the Index over the performance period. The Company assumed no dividend yield and recognizes compensation expense ratably over the performance period of the market stock unit award. The Company recognizes compensation expense using the graded attribution method on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each market stock unit award.
Convertible Senior Notes
In February 2018, the Company issued $230.0 million principal amount of convertible senior notes due in February 2023, or the Convertible Notes. In accounting for the issuance of the Convertible Notes, the Company separated each of the Convertible Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value, as of the date of issuance, of a similar debt without the conversion option. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability components from the total initial proceeds. The difference between the par amount of the Convertible Notes and the carrying amount of the liability component represents debt discounts that are amortized to interest expense over the respective terms of the Convertible Notes using the effective interest rate method. The equity components are not remeasured as long as they continue to meet the conditions for equity classification. In accounting for the issuance costs related to the Convertible Notes, the Company allocated the total amount of issuance costs incurred to liability and equity components based on their relative values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability components are amortized to interest expense over the respective terms of the Convertible Notes using the effective interest rate method. The issuance costs attributable to the equity components were netted against the respective equity components in additional paid-in capital.
Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes are provided for the tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes and operating loss carryforwards and credits using enacted tax rates expected to be in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company assesses the likelihood that deferred tax assets will be realized and recognizes a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. This assessment requires judgment as to the likelihood and amounts of future taxable income by tax jurisdiction. To date, the Company has provided a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets as it believes the objective and verifiable evidence of its historical pretax net losses outweighs any positive evidence of its forecasted future results. Although the Company believes that its tax estimates are reasonable, the ultimate tax determination involves significant judgment that is subject to audit by tax authorities in the ordinary course of business. The Company will continue to monitor the positive and negative evidence, and it will adjust the valuation allowance as sufficient objective positive evidence becomes available. No tax related impact was recorded in the financial statements as a result of the adoption of the new revenue standard.
The Company evaluates its uncertain tax positions based on a determination of whether and how much of a tax benefit taken by the Company in its tax filings or positions is more likely than not to be realized. Potential interest and penalties associated with any uncertain tax positions are recorded as a component of income tax expense. Through September 30, 2018, the Company has not identified any material uncertain tax positions for which liabilities would be required to be recorded.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued ASU No. 2014-09, which amends the existing accounting standards for revenue recognition. ASU 2014-09 is based on principles that govern the recognition of revenue at an amount an entity expects to be entitled to when products are transferred to customers. ASU 2014-09 was modified by subsequently issued ASUs 2015-14, 2016-08, 2016-10, 2016-12 and 2016-20. Topic 606 also includes Subtopic 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs - Contracts with Customers, which requires the deferral of incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Collectively, the Company refers to ASU 2014-09, as amended, and Subtopic 340-40 as the "new revenue standard." On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the new revenue standard for all contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method. Adoption of the new revenue standard resulted in changes to the Company's accounting policies for revenue recognition, contract balances, accounts receivables, deferred revenues, deferred implementation costs, and deferred solution and other costs. The Company recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard as a positive adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit on the condensed consolidated balance sheet in the amount of $15.8 million, which reflects the acceleration of revenues and deferral of incremental commission costs of obtaining subscription contracts. The comparative information in prior periods presented has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods.
The most significant impact of adoption of the new revenue standard relates to the accounting for arrangements that include contractual provisions providing for periodic price increases in subscription fee arrangements. Under previous GAAP, the Company accounted for periodic price increases in the period in which they occurred, and under the new revenue standard, the Company recognizes revenue from periodic price increases on a ratable basis over the term of the contract. Additionally, under previous GAAP, for contracts in which customers host and manage the Company's solutions on-premises or in third-party data centers under term license and maintenance agreements, the Company recognized the entire arrangement consideration monthly over the term of the software license as the Company did not have VSOE of fair value for the license and maintenance. Under the new standard, the Company recognizes software license revenue once the customer obtains control of the license, which generally occurs at the commencement of each license term. Under previous GAAP, the Company also deferred only direct and incremental commission costs to obtain a contract and amortized those costs over the term of the related contract. Under the new standard, the Company defers additional incremental costs related to the customer contract and amortizes those costs over the expected period of customer benefit. Also, a portion of the commission payment is now being expensed as incurred.
The cumulative effect of the changes made to the Company's condensed consolidated January 1, 2018 balance sheet for the adoption of the new revenue standard were as follows:
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2017
 
Adjustments due to the new revenue standard
 
Balance at January 1, 2018
Balance sheet
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contract assets, current portion
 
$

 
$
517

 
$
517

Deferred solution and other costs, current portion
 
9,246

 
64

 
9,310

Deferred solution and other costs, net of current portion
 
12,973

 
265

 
13,238

Deferred implementation costs, net of current portion
 
8,295

 
(93
)
 
8,202

Contract assets, net of current portion
 

 
4,541

 
4,541

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued compensation
 
11,511

 
(571
)
 
10,940

Deferred revenues, current portion
 
38,379

 
(1,803
)
 
36,576

Deferred revenues, net of current portion
 
28,289

 
(8,174
)
 
20,115

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stockholders' equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated deficit
 
$
(152,114
)
 
$
15,842

 
$
(136,272
)
In accordance with the new revenue standard requirements, the disclosure of the impact of adoption on the Company's condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive loss and balance sheet was as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
As Reported
 
Balances without new revenue standard
 
Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
 
As Reported
 
Balances without new revenue standard
 
Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
Income statement
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
$
60,541

 
$
59,632

 
$
909

 
$
173,923

 
$
169,115

 
$
4,808

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Costs and expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of revenues
 
30,140

 
30,180

 
(40
)
 
86,420

 
86,634

 
(214
)
Sales and marketing
 
11,467

 
12,405

 
(938
)
 
34,541

 
35,650

 
(1,109
)
Interest and other income
 
1,025

 
987

 
38

 
1,979

 
1,887

 
92

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss
 
$
(8,859
)
 
$
(10,784
)
 
$
1,925

 
$
(23,534
)
 
$
(29,757
)
 
$
6,223

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted
 
$
(0.21
)
 
$
(0.25
)
 
$
0.04

 
$
(0.55
)
 
$
(0.70
)
 
$
0.15

 
 
As of September 30, 2018
 
 
As Reported
 
Balances without new revenue standard
 
Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
Balance sheet
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable, net
 
$
23,121

 
$
18,252

 
$
4,869

Contract assets, current portion
 
487

 

 
487

Deferred solution and other costs, current portion
 
10,456

 
10,341

 
115

Deferred implementation costs, current portion
 
3,599

 
3,420

 
179

Deferred solution and other costs, net of current portion
 
16,273

 
15,164

 
1,109

Deferred implementation costs, net of current portion
 
10,215

 
10,315

 
(100
)
Contract assets, net of current portion
 
8,346

 

 
8,346

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued compensation
 
10,658

 
11,486

 
(828
)
Deferred revenues, current portion
 
34,799

 
17,637

 
17,162

Deferred revenues, net of current portion
 
25,428

 
48,822

 
(23,394
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stockholders' equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated deficit
 
$
(160,559
)
 
$
(182,624
)
 
$
(22,065
)

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)," to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, "Codification Improvements to Topic 842 (Leases)," which provides narrow amendments to clarify how to apply certain aspects of the new lease standard. In July 2018, the FASB also issued ASU 2018-11, "Targeted Improvements," which provides the option to adopt ASU No. 2016-02 retrospectively for each prior period presented or as of the adoption date with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. These standards are effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early application is permitted. The Company anticipates that the adoption of Topic 842 will impact its condensed consolidated balance sheets as most of its operating lease commitments will be subject to the new standard and recognized as right-of-use assets and corresponding operating lease liabilities upon the adoption of Topic 842, which will increase the total assets and total liabilities that it reports relative to such amounts prior to adoption. The Company intends to adopt the standard using the adoption method outlined in ASU 2018-11, which allows entities to initially apply the new lease standard at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company intends to elect the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within Topic 842, which among other things, will allow the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. In addition, the Company intends to elect the hindsight practical expedient to determine the lease term for existing leases. The Company expects this election of the hindsight practical expedient to result in the lengthening of lease terms for certain existing leases and the useful lives of corresponding leasehold improvements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments," to clarify and provide specific guidance on eight cash flow classification issues that are not addressed by current GAAP and thereby reduce the current diversity in practice. The Company adopted ASU 2016-15, effective January 1, 2018, and there was no impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements as a result of the adoption.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash," which provides guidance on the classification of restricted cash in the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this ASU retrospectively, effective January 1, 2018. As a result, the Company included restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts presented on the consolidated statements of cash flows, resulting in an increase in net cash of $2.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and $1.3 million for fiscal 2017.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment" which simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment by removing Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test and requires an entity to write down the carrying value of goodwill up to the amount by which the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years and early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, "Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718)" to provide clarity and reduce both diversity in practice and cost and complexity when applying the guidance in Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, to a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. The Company adopted ASU 2017-09, effective January 1, 2018, and there was no impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements as a result of the adoption.
In December 2017, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") 118 to address the application of GAAP in situations in which a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or the Tax Act, which was signed into law on December 22, 2017. In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-05, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SEC Update)," which amended ASC 740 to incorporate the requirements of SAB 118. Disclosures related to the effect of the Tax Act and the Company's utilization of SAB 118 appear in Note 11 - Income Taxes.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, "Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40)," which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). ASU 2018-15 will be effective for the Company beginning in its first quarter of 2020, with early adoption permitted. The ASU may be applied retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The Company is anticipating early adoption of the ASU for January 1, 2019 and is currently evaluating the financial statement impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements as a result of this adoption.
v3.10.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Schedule of Useful Lives of Property and Equipment
The estimated useful lives of property and equipment are as follows:
Computer hardware and equipment
 
3 - 5 years
Purchased software and licenses
 
3 - 5 years
Furniture and fixtures
 
7 years
Leasehold improvements
 
Lesser of estimated useful life or lease term
Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue by Major Source
The following tables disaggregate the Company's revenue by major source:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
Subscription
 
Transactional
 
Services and Other
 
Consolidated
Total Revenues
 
$
41,895

 
$
10,417

 
$
8,229

 
$
60,541


 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
Subscription
 
Transactional
 
Services and Other
 
Consolidated
Total Revenues
 
$
121,262

 
$
27,936

 
$
24,725

 
$
173,923

Schedule of Net Loss Per Share, Basic and Diluted
The following table sets forth the computations of net loss per share for the periods listed:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Numerators:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss
 
$
(8,859
)
 
$
(5,782
)
 
$
(23,534
)
 
$
(20,643
)
Denominators:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted
 
42,993

 
41,386

 
42,597

 
41,030

Net loss per common share, basic and diluted
 
$
(0.21
)
 
$
(0.14
)
 
$
(0.55
)
 
$
(0.50
)
Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Loss Per Share
The following table sets forth the anti-dilutive common share equivalents that were excluded for the periods listed:
 
 
As of September 30,
 
 
2018
 
2017
Stock options, restricted stock units, and market stock units
 
4,842

 
5,575

Shares related to the Convertible Notes
 
210

 

 
 
5,052

 
5,575

Schedule of Impact of New Accounting Pronouncements
The cumulative effect of the changes made to the Company's condensed consolidated January 1, 2018 balance sheet for the adoption of the new revenue standard were as follows:
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2017
 
Adjustments due to the new revenue standard
 
Balance at January 1, 2018
Balance sheet
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contract assets, current portion
 
$

 
$
517

 
$
517

Deferred solution and other costs, current portion
 
9,246

 
64

 
9,310

Deferred solution and other costs, net of current portion
 
12,973

 
265

 
13,238

Deferred implementation costs, net of current portion
 
8,295

 
(93
)
 
8,202

Contract assets, net of current portion
 

 
4,541

 
4,541

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued compensation
 
11,511

 
(571
)
 
10,940

Deferred revenues, current portion
 
38,379

 
(1,803
)
 
36,576

Deferred revenues, net of current portion
 
28,289

 
(8,174
)
 
20,115

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stockholders' equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated deficit
 
$
(152,114
)
 
$
15,842

 
$
(136,272
)
In accordance with the new revenue standard requirements, the disclosure of the impact of adoption on the Company's condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive loss and balance sheet was as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
As Reported
 
Balances without new revenue standard
 
Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
 
As Reported
 
Balances without new revenue standard
 
Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
Income statement
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
$
60,541

 
$
59,632

 
$
909

 
$
173,923

 
$
169,115

 
$
4,808

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Costs and expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of revenues
 
30,140

 
30,180

 
(40
)
 
86,420

 
86,634

 
(214
)
Sales and marketing
 
11,467

 
12,405

 
(938
)
 
34,541

 
35,650

 
(1,109
)
Interest and other income
 
1,025

 
987

 
38

 
1,979

 
1,887

 
92

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss
 
$
(8,859
)
 
$
(10,784
)
 
$
1,925

 
$
(23,534
)
 
$
(29,757
)
 
$
6,223

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted
 
$
(0.21
)
 
$
(0.25
)
 
$
0.04

 
$
(0.55
)
 
$
(0.70
)
 
$
0.15

 
 
As of September 30, 2018
 
 
As Reported
 
Balances without new revenue standard
 
Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
Balance sheet
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable, net
 
$
23,121

 
$
18,252

 
$
4,869

Contract assets, current portion
 
487

 

 
487

Deferred solution and other costs, current portion
 
10,456

 
10,341

 
115

Deferred implementation costs, current portion
 
3,599

 
3,420

 
179

Deferred solution and other costs, net of current portion
 
16,273

 
15,164

 
1,109

Deferred implementation costs, net of current portion
 
10,215

 
10,315

 
(100
)
Contract assets, net of current portion
 
8,346

 

 
8,346

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued compensation
 
10,658

 
11,486

 
(828
)
Deferred revenues, current portion
 
34,799

 
17,637

 
17,162

Deferred revenues, net of current portion
 
25,428

 
48,822

 
(23,394
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stockholders' equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated deficit
 
$
(160,559
)
 
$
(182,624
)
 
$
(22,065
)
v3.10.0.1
Fair Value Measurements (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Schedule of Fair Value Assets Measured on Recurring Basis
The following table details the fair value hierarchy of the Company's financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2018:
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using:
Cash Equivalents:
 
Fair Value
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Money market funds
 
$
116,561

 
$
116,561

 
$

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments:
 
Fair Value
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
U.S. government agency bonds
 
$
35,256

 
$

 
$
35,256

 
$

Corporate bonds and commercial paper
 
48,540

 

 
48,540

 

Certificates of deposit
 
2,440

 

 
2,440

 

 
 
$
86,236

 
$

 
$
86,236

 
$


The following table details the fair value hierarchy of the Company's financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017:
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using:
Cash Equivalents:
 
Fair Value
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Money market funds
 
$
9,279

 
$
9,279

 
$

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments:
 
Fair Value
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
U.S. government agency bonds
 
$
16,194

 
$

 
$
16,194

 
$

Corporate bonds and commercial paper
 
15,815

 

 
15,815

 

Certificates of deposit
 
9,676

 

 
9,676

 

 
 
$
41,685

 
$

 
$
41,685

 
$

v3.10.0.1
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]  
Summary of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments
A summary of the Company's cash equivalents and investments as of September 30, 2018 is as follows:
Cash Equivalents:
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized Gains
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
Money market funds
 
$
116,561

 
$

 
$

 
$
116,561

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments:
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized Gains
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
U.S. government agency bonds
 
$
35,322

 
$

 
$
(66
)
 
$
35,256

Corporate bonds and commercial paper
 
48,557

 
31

 
(48
)
 
48,540

Certificates of deposit
 
2,440

 

 

 
2,440

 
 
$
86,319

 
$
31

 
$
(114
)
 
$
86,236

A summary of the Company's cash equivalents and investments as of December 31, 2017 is as follows:
Cash Equivalents:
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized Gains
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
Money market funds
 
$
9,279

 
$

 
$

 
$
9,279

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments:
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized Gains
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
U.S. government agency bonds
 
$
16,277

 
$

 
$
(83
)
 
$
16,194

Corporate bonds and commercial paper
 
15,871

 

 
(56
)
 
15,815

Certificates of deposit
 
9,676

 

 

 
9,676

 
 
$
41,824

 
$

 
$
(139
)
 
$
41,685

Investments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date
The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of the Company's investments, designated as available-for-sale and classified by the contractual maturity date of the investments as of the dates shown:
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Due within one year or less
 
$
85,497

 
$
27,324

Due after one year through five years
 
739

 
14,361

 
 
$
86,236

 
$
41,685

Schedule of Fair Values and Gross Unrealized Losses for Available-For-Sale Securities
The following table shows the fair values and the gross unrealized losses of these available-for-sale investments aggregated by investment category as of September 30, 2018:
 
 
Adjusted Cost
 
Gross Unrealized Loss
 
Fair Value
U.S. government agency bonds
 
$
35,322

 
$
(66
)
 
$
35,256

Corporate bonds and commercial paper
 
48,557

 
(48
)
 
48,509

 
 
$
83,879

 
$
(114
)
 
$
83,765


The following table shows the fair values and the gross unrealized losses of these available-for-sale investments aggregated by investment category as of December 31, 2017:
 
 
Adjusted Cost
 
Gross Unrealized Loss
 
Fair Value
U.S. government agency bonds
 
$
16,277

 
$
(83
)
 
$
16,194

Corporate bonds and commercial paper
 
15,871

 
(56
)
 
15,815

 
 
$
32,148

 
$
(139
)
 
$
32,009

v3.10.0.1
Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:
 
 
As of September 30, 2018
 
As of December 31, 2017
 
 
Gross Amount
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net Carrying Amount
 
Gross Amount
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net Carrying Amount
Customer relationships
 
$
3,130

 
$
(1,703
)
 
$
1,427

 
$
3,130

 
$
(1,294
)
 
$
1,836

Non-compete agreements
 
884

 
(581
)
 
303

 
884

 
(451
)
 
433

Trademarks
 
2,140

 
(2,140
)
 

 
2,140

 
(1,724
)
 
416

Acquired technology
 
13,293

 
(10,197
)
 
3,096

 
13,293

 
(7,464
)
 
5,829

Assembled workforce
 
121

 
(68
)
 
53

 
121

 
(38
)
 
83

Capitalized software development costs
 
3,975

 
(1,134
)
 
2,841

 
3,975

 
(538
)
 
3,437

 
 
$
23,543

 
$
(15,823
)
 
$
7,720

 
$
23,543

 
$
(11,509
)
 
$
12,034

v3.10.0.1
Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Minimum Payments Required Under Operating Leases
Future minimum payments required under operating leases that have initial or remaining non-cancelable lease terms in excess of one year at September 30, 2018 were as follows:
 
 
Operating Leases
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2018 (from October 1 to December 31)
 
$
1,427

2019
 
5,361

2020
 
5,364

2021
 
4,461

2022
 
3,969

Thereafter
 
20,677

Total commitments
 
$
41,259

Schedule of Future Minimum Contractual Commitments
Future minimum contractual commitments that have initial or remaining non-cancelable terms in excess of one year were as follows:
 
 
Contractual Commitments
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2018 (from October 1 to December 31)
 
$
2,780

2019
 
14,183

2020
 
10,425

2021
 
9,096

2022
 
9,080

Thereafter
 
236,379

Total commitments
 
$
281,943

v3.10.0.1
Convertible Senior Notes (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Summary of Convertible Notes
The Convertible Notes consist of the following:
 
 
As of September 30, 2018
Liability component:
 
 
Principal
 
$
230,000

Unamortized debt discount
 
(45,064
)
Unamortized debt issuance costs
 
(4,814
)
Net carrying amount
 
180,122

 
 
 
Equity component 
 
 
Net allocation of proceeds
 
31,116

Net issuance costs
 
(1,517
)
Net carrying amount
 
$
29,599

Summary of Interest Expense
The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the Convertible Notes:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Contractual interest expense
 
$
379

 
$
1,027

Amortization of debt issuance costs
 
241

 
587

Amortization of debt discount
 
2,282

 
5,370

Total
 
$
2,902

 
$
6,984

v3.10.0.1
Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
Schedule of Stock Option Activity
Stock option activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was as follows:
 
 
Number of Options
 
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Balance as of January 1, 2018
 
3,692

 
$
17.63

Granted
 
12

 
47.00

Exercised
 
(890
)
 
12.31

Forfeited
 
(7
)
 
22.90

Balance as of September 30, 2018
 
2,807

 
$
19.43

Schedule of Nonvested Restricted Stock Units Activity
Restricted stock unit activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was as follows:
 
 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested as of January 1, 2018
 
1,680

 
$
32.65

Granted
 
690

 
56.74

Vested
 
(486
)
 
31.66

Forfeited
 
(91
)
 
34.92

Nonvested as of September 30, 2018
 
1,793

 
$
42.07

Schedule of Nonvested Market Stock Units Activity
Market stock unit activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was as follows:
 
 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested as of January 1, 2018
 

 
$

Granted
 
242

 
21.89

Vested
 

 

Forfeited
 

 

Nonvested as of September 30, 2018
 
242

 
$
21.89

Schedule of Significant Assumptions Used in Monte Carlo Model
Significant assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation model for the market stock units granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 are as follows:
 
 
As of September 30, 2018
Volatility
 
36.5 - 36.6%
Risk-free interest rate
 
2.4 - 2.7%
Dividend yield
 
Longest remaining performance period (in years)
 
3
v3.10.0.1
Organization and Description of Business (Details)
Sep. 30, 2018
Q2 Software, Inc.  
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]  
Wholly owned subsidiary, ownership percentage 100.00%
v3.10.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Feb. 28, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]            
Unbilled receivables $ 2,800,000   $ 2,800,000     $ 2,100,000
Allowance for sales credits 300,000   300,000     $ 200,000
Amortization of capitalized software development costs 200,000 $ 100,000 600,000 $ 300,000    
Capitalized software development costs 0 200,000 0 1,000,000    
Advertising costs $ 400,000 $ 200,000 $ 1,100,000 $ 500,000    
Debt Instrument [Line Items]            
Warrant strike price (usd per share)         $ 78.75  
Convertible Senior Notes Due February 2023 | Convertible Debt            
Debt Instrument [Line Items]            
Principal amount         $ 230,000,000  
Conversion price (usd per share)         $ 57.375  
v3.10.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Deferred Revenue (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]    
Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance $ 31,100  
Decrease in deferred revenue (3,536) $ (6,960)
Cash received in advance and not recognized as revenue 30,900  
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 | ASC 606 Adjustments    
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]    
Decrease in deferred revenue $ 6,200  
v3.10.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Performance Obligations (Details)
$ in Millions
Sep. 30, 2018
USD ($)
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Revenue from remaining performance obligations $ 774.2
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2018-10-01  
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]  
Remaining performance obligation, percentage 53.00%
Performance obligations expected to be satisfied, expected timing 24 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2020-10-01  
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]  
Remaining performance obligation, percentage 38.00%
Performance obligations expected to be satisfied, expected timing 24 months
v3.10.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Deferred Implementation Costs, Deferred Solution and Other Costs (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Minimum        
Capitalized Contract Cost [Line Items]        
Expected period of customer benefit 5 years   5 years  
Maximum        
Capitalized Contract Cost [Line Items]        
Expected period of customer benefit 7 years   7 years  
Deferred Implementation Costs        
Capitalized Contract Cost [Line Items]        
Capitalization of implementation costs $ 2.3 $ 1.5 $ 5.5 $ 4.2
Amortization of capitalized implementation costs 1.1 1.2 3.5 3.2
Deferred Commissions        
Capitalized Contract Cost [Line Items]        
Capitalization of implementation costs 1.2 0.9 5.2 3.0
Amortization of capitalized implementation costs $ 0.9 $ 0.8 $ 2.7 $ 2.3
v3.10.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Useful Lives of Property and Equipment (Details)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Computer hardware and equipment | Minimum  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Estimated useful life 3 years
Computer hardware and equipment | Maximum  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Estimated useful life 5 years
Purchased software and licenses | Minimum  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Estimated useful life 3 years
Purchased software and licenses | Maximum  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Estimated useful life 5 years
Furniture and fixtures  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Estimated useful life 7 years
v3.10.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Disaggregation of Revenues by Major Source (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2018
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]    
Total Revenues $ 60,541 $ 173,923
Subscription    
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]    
Total Revenues 41,895 121,262
Transactional    
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]    
Total Revenues 10,417 27,936
Services and Other    
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]    
Total Revenues $ 8,229 $ 24,725
v3.10.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Services and Other Revenues (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]        
Revenues $ 60,541 $ 50,116 $ 173,923 $ 142,275
Technology Services, Other        
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]        
Revenues $ 500 $ 400 $ 1,200 $ 1,200
v3.10.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Stock-Based Compensation (Details)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Stock options  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Award vesting period 36 months
Stock options | Year One  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Award vesting rights (percentage) 25.00%
Award vesting period 1 year
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Award vesting period 4 years
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | Year One  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Award vesting rights (percentage) 25.00%
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | Year Two  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Award vesting rights (percentage) 25.00%
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | Year Three  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Award vesting rights (percentage) 25.00%
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | Year Four  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Award vesting rights (percentage) 25.00%
Market Stock Units  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Award vesting period 3 years
Dividend yield 0.00%
Market Stock Units | Year One  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Award vesting rights (percentage) 33.00%
Market Stock Units | Year Two  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Award vesting rights (percentage) 33.00%
Market Stock Units | Year Three  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Award vesting rights (percentage) 200.00%
v3.10.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Summary of Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Common Share (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Abstract]        
Net loss $ (8,859) $ (5,782) $ (23,534) $ (20,643)
Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted, Other Disclosures [Abstract]        
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted (in shares) 42,993 41,386 42,597 41,030
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted (usd per share) $ (0.21) $ (0.14) $ (0.55) $ (0.50)
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]        
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares) 5,052 5,575    
Stock options, restricted stock units, and market stock units        
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]        
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares) 4,842 5,575    
Shares related to the Convertible Notes        
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]        
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares) 210 0    
v3.10.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2017
Jan. 01, 2018
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]        
Positive adjustment to opening balance of accumulated deficit $ (160,559)   $ (152,114) $ (136,272)
Increase in net cash flow from adoption of new accounting guidance 153,818 $ (14,733)    
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 | ASC 606 Adjustments        
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]        
Positive adjustment to opening balance of accumulated deficit (22,065)     $ 15,842
Accounting Standards Update 2016-18        
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]        
Increase in net cash flow from adoption of new accounting guidance $ 2,300   $ 1,300  
v3.10.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Cumulative Effects of New Revenue Standard on Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2018
Jan. 01, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Assets      
Contract assets, current portion $ 487 $ 517 $ 0
Deferred solution and other costs, current portion 10,456 9,310 9,246
Deferred solution and other costs, net of current portion 16,273 13,238 12,973
Deferred implementation costs, net of current portion 10,215 8,202 8,295
Contract assets, net of current portion 8,346 4,541 0
Liabilities      
Accrued compensation 10,658 10,940 11,511
Deferred revenues, current portion 34,799 36,576 38,379
Deferred revenues, net of current portion 25,428 20,115 28,289
Stockholders' equity:      
Accumulated deficit (160,559) (136,272) (152,114)
Before ASC 606      
Assets      
Contract assets, current portion 0   0
Deferred solution and other costs, current portion 10,341   9,246
Deferred solution and other costs, net of current portion 15,164   12,973
Deferred implementation costs, net of current portion 10,315   8,295
Contract assets, net of current portion 0   0
Liabilities      
Accrued compensation 11,486   11,511
Deferred revenues, current portion 17,637   38,379
Deferred revenues, net of current portion 48,822   28,289
Stockholders' equity:      
Accumulated deficit (182,624)   $ (152,114)
ASC 606 Adjustments | Accounting Standards Update 2014-09      
Assets      
Contract assets, current portion 487 517  
Deferred solution and other costs, current portion 115 64  
Deferred solution and other costs, net of current portion 1,109 265  
Deferred implementation costs, net of current portion (100) (93)  
Contract assets, net of current portion 8,346 4,541  
Liabilities      
Accrued compensation (828) (571)  
Deferred revenues, current portion 17,162 (1,803)  
Deferred revenues, net of current portion (23,394) (8,174)  
Stockholders' equity:      
Accumulated deficit $ (22,065) $ 15,842  
v3.10.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Impact of New Revenue Standard on Statement of Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]        
Revenues $ 60,541 $ 50,116 $ 173,923 $ 142,275
Costs and expenses        
Cost of revenues [1] 30,140 25,813 86,420 72,913
Sales and marketing [1] 11,467 9,904 34,541 30,878
Interest and other income 1,025 149 1,979 386
Net loss $ (8,859) $ (5,782) $ (23,534) $ (20,643)
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted (usd per share) $ (0.21) $ (0.14) $ (0.55) $ (0.50)
Before ASC 606        
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]        
Revenues $ 59,632   $ 169,115  
Costs and expenses        
Cost of revenues 30,180   86,634  
Sales and marketing 12,405   35,650  
Interest and other income 987   1,887  
Net loss $ (10,784)   $ (29,757)  
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted (usd per share) $ (0.25)   $ (0.70)  
ASC 606 Adjustments | Accounting Standards Update 2014-09        
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]        
Revenues $ 909   $ 4,808  
Costs and expenses        
Cost of revenues (40)   (214)  
Sales and marketing (938)   (1,109)  
Interest and other income 38   92  
Net loss $ 1,925   $ 6,223  
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted (usd per share) $ 0.04   $ 0.15  
[1] Includes stock-based compensation expenses as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017Cost of revenues $1,240 $983 $3,320 $2,526Sales and marketing 1,474 699 4,128 2,142Research and development 1,758 1,149 4,680 3,127General and administrative 3,026 2,576 8,469 6,831Total stock-based compensation expenses $7,498 $5,407 $20,597 $14,626
v3.10.0.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Impact of New Revenue Standard on Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2018
Jan. 01, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Assets      
Accounts receivable, net $ 23,121   $ 13,203
Contract assets, current portion 487 $ 517 0
Deferred solution and other costs, current portion 10,456 9,310 9,246
Deferred implementation costs, current portion 3,599   3,562
Deferred solution and other costs, net of current portion 16,273 13,238 12,973
Deferred implementation costs, net of current portion 10,215 8,202 8,295
Contract assets, net of current portion 8,346 4,541 0
Liabilities      
Accrued compensation 10,658 10,940 11,511
Deferred revenues, current portion 34,799 36,576 38,379
Deferred revenues, net of current portion 25,428 20,115 28,289
Stockholders' equity:      
Accumulated deficit (160,559) (136,272) (152,114)
Before ASC 606      
Assets      
Accounts receivable, net 18,252    
Contract assets, current portion 0   0
Deferred solution and other costs, current portion 10,341   9,246
Deferred implementation costs, current portion 3,420    
Deferred solution and other costs, net of current portion 15,164   12,973
Deferred implementation costs, net of current portion 10,315   8,295
Contract assets, net of current portion 0   0
Liabilities      
Accrued compensation 11,486   11,511
Deferred revenues, current portion 17,637   38,379
Deferred revenues, net of current portion 48,822   28,289
Stockholders' equity:      
Accumulated deficit (182,624)   $ (152,114)
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 | ASC 606 Adjustments      
Assets      
Accounts receivable, net 4,869    
Contract assets, current portion 487 517  
Deferred solution and other costs, current portion 115 64  
Deferred implementation costs, current portion 179    
Deferred solution and other costs, net of current portion 1,109 265  
Deferred implementation costs, net of current portion (100) (93)  
Contract assets, net of current portion 8,346 4,541  
Liabilities      
Accrued compensation (828) (571)  
Deferred revenues, current portion 17,162 (1,803)  
Deferred revenues, net of current portion (23,394) (8,174)  
Stockholders' equity:      
Accumulated deficit $ (22,065) $ 15,842  
v3.10.0.1
Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jan. 31, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2017
Business Acquisition [Line Items]            
Cash paid for assets $ 1.5          
Hold-back payable 0.2          
Release of hold-back deposit           $ 2.5
Acquired Technology and Assembled Workforce            
Business Acquisition [Line Items]            
Intangible assets acquired $ 1.5          
Estimated useful life 3 years          
Decrease in tax valuation allowance related to intangible assets $ 0.3          
Centrix Solutions, Inc.            
Business Acquisition [Line Items]            
Milestone and retention bonuses       $ 1.0   7.2
Compensation expenses included in acquisition related costs   $ 0.1 $ 0.3 $ 0.6 $ 1.0  
Social Money            
Business Acquisition [Line Items]            
Milestone and retention bonuses           $ 0.2
v3.10.0.1
Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments $ 86,236 $ 41,685
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments 86,236 41,685
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments 0 0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments 86,236 41,685
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments 0 0
U.S. government agency bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments 35,256 16,194
U.S. government agency bonds | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments 35,256 16,194
U.S. government agency bonds | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments 0 0
U.S. government agency bonds | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments 35,256 16,194
U.S. government agency bonds | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments 0 0
Corporate bonds and commercial paper    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments 48,540 15,815
Corporate bonds and commercial paper | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments 48,540 15,815
Corporate bonds and commercial paper | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments 0 0
Corporate bonds and commercial paper | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments 48,540 15,815
Corporate bonds and commercial paper | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments 0 0
Certificates of deposit    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments 2,440 9,676
Certificates of deposit | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments 2,440 9,676
Certificates of deposit | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments 0 0
Certificates of deposit | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments 2,440 9,676
Certificates of deposit | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Investments 0 0
Money market funds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Cash equivalents 116,561 9,279
Money market funds | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Cash equivalents 116,561 9,279
Money market funds | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Cash equivalents 116,561 9,279
Money market funds | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Cash equivalents 0 0
Money market funds | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Cash equivalents $ 0 $ 0
v3.10.0.1
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments - Summary of Cash Equivalents and Investments (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Sep. 30, 2017
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]      
Cash $ 211,779 $ 57,961 $ 40,140
Investments, amortized cost 86,319 41,824  
Gross Unrealized Gains 31 0  
Gross Unrealized Losses (114) (139)  
Investments, fair value 86,236 41,685  
U.S. government agency bonds      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]      
Investments, amortized cost 35,322 16,277  
Gross Unrealized Gains 0 0  
Gross Unrealized Losses (66) (83)  
Investments, fair value 35,256 16,194  
Corporate bonds and commercial paper      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]      
Investments, amortized cost 48,557 15,871  
Gross Unrealized Gains 31 0  
Gross Unrealized Losses (48) (56)  
Investments, fair value 48,540 15,815  
Certificates of deposit      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]      
Investments, amortized cost 2,440 9,676  
Gross Unrealized Gains 0 0  
Gross Unrealized Losses 0 0  
Investments, fair value 2,440 9,676  
Cash      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]      
Cash 95,200 48,700  
Money market funds      
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]      
Cash equivalents, amortized cost 116,561 9,279  
Cash equivalents, fair value $ 116,561 $ 9,279  
v3.10.0.1
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments - Contractual Maturities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]    
Due within one year or less $ 85,497 $ 27,324
Due after one year through five years 739 14,361
Total $ 86,236 $ 41,685
v3.10.0.1
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments - Securities in Continuous Loss Position (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Adjusted Cost $ 83,879 $ 32,148
Gross Unrealized Loss (114) (139)
Fair Value 83,765 32,009
U.S. government agency bonds    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Adjusted Cost 35,322 16,277
Gross Unrealized Loss (66) (83)
Fair Value 35,256 16,194
Corporate bonds and commercial paper    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Adjusted Cost 48,557 15,871
Gross Unrealized Loss (48) (56)
Fair Value $ 48,509 $ 15,815
v3.10.0.1
Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Narrative (Details)
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2017
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2018
USD ($)
operating_segment
reporting_unit
Sep. 30, 2017
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2017
USD ($)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]          
Goodwill $ 12,876,000   $ 12,876,000   $ 12,876,000
Number of operating segments | operating_segment     1    
Number of reporting units | reporting_unit     1    
Impairment of goodwill     $ 0    
Amortization of acquired intangibles 251,000 $ 369,000 987,000 $ 1,113,000  
Capitalized software development costs 4,000,000   4,000,000   $ 4,000,000
Amortization of capitalized software development costs 200,000 100,000 600,000 300,000  
Cost of revenues          
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]          
Amortization of acquired intangibles 900,000 900,000 2,700,000 2,700,000  
Operating expenses          
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]          
Amortization of acquired intangibles $ 300,000 $ 400,000 $ 1,000,000 $ 1,100,000  
Minimum          
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]          
Estimated useful life     2 years    
Maximum          
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]          
Estimated useful life     6 years    
Maximum | Capitalized software development costs          
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]          
Estimated useful life     5 years    
v3.10.0.1
Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross Amount $ 23,543 $ 23,543
Accumulated Amortization (15,823) (11,509)
Net Carrying Amount 7,720 12,034
Customer relationships    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross Amount 3,130 3,130
Accumulated Amortization (1,703) (1,294)
Net Carrying Amount 1,427 1,836
Non-compete agreements    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross Amount 884 884
Accumulated Amortization (581) (451)
Net Carrying Amount 303 433
Trademarks    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross Amount 2,140 2,140
Accumulated Amortization (2,140) (1,724)
Net Carrying Amount 0 416
Acquired technology    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross Amount 13,293 13,293
Accumulated Amortization (10,197) (7,464)
Net Carrying Amount 3,096 5,829
Assembled workforce    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross Amount 121 121
Accumulated Amortization (68) (38)
Net Carrying Amount 53 83
Capitalized software development costs    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross Amount 3,975 3,975
Accumulated Amortization (1,134) (538)
Net Carrying Amount $ 2,841 $ 3,437
v3.10.0.1
Debt (Details) - 2013 Secured Credit Facility - Wells Fargo
1 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
USD ($)
annual_installment
Apr. 30, 2017
USD ($)
Mar. 31, 2016
USD ($)
annual_installment
Sep. 30, 2018
USD ($)
Oct. 31, 2016
USD ($)
Line of Credit          
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]          
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity $ 25,000,000.0   $ 25,000,000.0   $ 25,000,000.0
Line of credit facility, increase to borrowing capacity (up to) $ 25,000,000.0   $ 25,000,000.0    
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity as a percentage of the Company's trailing twelve-month recurring revenues 75.00%   75.00%    
Line of credit facility, initial closing fee, number of annual installments | annual_installment 3   3    
Line of credit facility, initial closing fee, repayment period     3 years    
Payment of outstanding balance on credit facility   $ 100,000      
Line of Credit | U.S. Federal Funds Rate          
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]          
Basis spread on variable interest rate 1.00%        
Line of Credit | One Month LIBOR          
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]          
Basis spread on variable interest rate 1.00%        
Letter of Credit          
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]          
Secured letters of credit amount       $ 1,000,000  
v3.10.0.1
Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details)
ft² in Thousands, $ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2018
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2017
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2018
USD ($)
ft²
building
Sep. 30, 2017
USD ($)
Other Commitments [Line Items]          
Number of buildings occupied | building       2  
Unoccupied lease charges $ 0 $ 700 $ 0 $ 658 $ 0
Lease liability, current 200     200  
Lease liability, non-current 400     400  
Monthly rent expense under operating lease $ 1,000   $ 1,100 $ 3,200 $ 3,300
Lease One          
Other Commitments [Line Items]          
Leased square feet | ft²       67  
Lease renewal term 5 years     5 years  
Lease Two          
Other Commitments [Line Items]          
Leased square feet | ft²       129  
Lease renewal term 10 years     10 years  
v3.10.0.1
Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Minimum Payments Required Under Operating Leases (Details)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2018
USD ($)
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]  
2018 (from October 1 to December 31) $ 1,427
2019 5,361
2020 5,364
2021 4,461
2022 3,969
Thereafter 20,677
Total commitments $ 41,259
v3.10.0.1
Commitments and Contingencies - Contractual Commitments (Details)
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2018
USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
2018 (from October 1 to December 31) $ 2,780
2019 14,183
2020 10,425
2021 9,096
2022 9,080
Thereafter 236,379
Total commitments $ 281,943
v3.10.0.1
Convertible Senior Notes - Narrative (Details)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Millions
1 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Feb. 28, 2018
USD ($)
day
$ / shares
shares
Sep. 30, 2018
USD ($)
Sep. 30, 2017
USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Total cost of bond hedge $ 41,700,000    
Number of warrants issued, subject to anti-dilution adjustments (in shares) | shares 4.0    
Warrant strike price (usd per share) | $ / shares $ 78.75    
Proceeds from warrants $ 22,400,000 $ 22,379,000 $ 0
Convertible Debt | Convertible Senior Notes Due February 2023      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Principal amount $ 230,000,000    
Interest rate 0.75%    
Initial conversion rate of common stock   0.0174  
Conversion price (usd per share) | $ / shares $ 57.375    
Limitation on sale of common stock, sale price threshold, number of trading days | day 20    
Limitation on sale of common stock, sale price threshold, trading period | day 30    
Threshold percentage of stock price trigger 130.00%    
Number of consecutive business days   5 days  
Percentage of closing sale price in excess of convertible notes   98.00%  
Redemption price percentage 100.00%    
Issuance costs attributable to the liability component   $ 5,300,000  
Net issuance costs   $ 1,500,000  
Remaining discount and issuance costs amortization period   4 years 4 months 16 days  
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares) | shares 0.9    
v3.10.0.1
Convertible Senior Notes - Schedule of Convertible Notes (Details) - Convertible Debt - Convertible Senior Notes Due February 2023
$ in Thousands
Sep. 30, 2018
USD ($)
Liability component:  
Principal $ 230,000
Unamortized debt discount (45,064)
Unamortized debt issuance costs (4,814)
Net carrying amount 180,122
Equity component  
Net issuance costs (1,500)
Additional Paid-in Capital  
Equity component  
Net allocation of proceeds 31,116
Net issuance costs (1,517)
Net carrying amount $ 29,599
v3.10.0.1
Convertible Senior Notes - Schedule of Interest Expense (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Amortization of debt issuance costs   $ 587 $ 28
Amortization of debt discount   5,370 $ 0
Convertible Senior Notes Due February 2023 | Convertible Debt      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Contractual interest expense $ 379 1,027  
Amortization of debt issuance costs 241 587  
Amortization of debt discount 2,282 5,370  
Total $ 2,902 $ 6,984  
v3.10.0.1
Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - shares
9 Months Ended
Jan. 01, 2018
Sep. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Common stock, granted (in shares)   12,000  
2014 Stock Plan      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Shares reserved for future issuance under the plan (in shares)     7,297,000
Additional shares authorized under the plan, percentage increase   4.50%  
Automatic annual increase in shares 1,889,000    
Shares transferred from the previous plan that expired or terminated (in shares)   0  
Shares allocated for issuance (in shares)   9,186,000  
Common stock, granted (in shares)   2,706,000  
Shares available for future issuance under the plan (in shares)   3,659,000  
2007 Stock Plan      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Shares available for future issuance under the plan (in shares)   0  
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Award vesting period   4 years  
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2014 Stock Plan      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Shares reserved for future issuance under the plan (in shares)   3,358,000  
Shares transferred from the previous plan that expired or terminated (in shares)   537,000  
Market Stock Units      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Award vesting period   3 years  
Year One | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Award vesting rights (percentage)   25.00%  
Year One | Market Stock Units      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Award vesting rights (percentage)   33.00%  
Year Two | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Award vesting rights (percentage)   25.00%  
Year Two | Market Stock Units      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Award vesting rights (percentage)   33.00%  
Year Three | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Award vesting rights (percentage)   25.00%  
Year Three | Market Stock Units      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Award vesting rights (percentage)   200.00%  
v3.10.0.1
Stock-Based Compensation - Stock Option Activity (Details)
shares in Thousands
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
$ / shares
shares
Number of Options  
Balance as of beginning of period (in shares) | shares 3,692
Stock options, granted (in shares) | shares 12
Stock options, exercised (in shares) | shares (890)
Stock options, forfeited (in shares) | shares (7)
Balance as of end of period (in shares) | shares 2,807
Weighted Average Exercise Price  
Balance at beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 17.63
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 47.00
Exercised (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 12.31
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 22.90
Balance at end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 19.43
v3.10.0.1
Stock-Based Compensation - Restricted Stock Unit Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
shares in Thousands
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
$ / shares
shares
Number of Shares  
Nonvested as of beginning of period (in shares) | shares 1,680
Granted (in shares) | shares 690
Vested (in shares) | shares (486)
Forfeited (in shares) | shares (91)
Nonvested as of end of period (in shares) | shares 1,793
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value  
Nonvested at beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 32.65
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 56.74
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 31.66
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 34.92
Nonvested at end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 42.07
v3.10.0.1
Stock-Based Compensation - Market Stock Unit Activity (Details) - Market Stock Units
shares in Thousands
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
$ / shares
shares
Number of Shares  
Nonvested as of beginning of period (in shares) | shares 0
Granted (in shares) | shares 242
Vested (in shares) | shares 0
Forfeited (in shares) | shares 0
Nonvested as of end of period (in shares) | shares 242
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value  
Nonvested at beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 0.00
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 21.89
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 0.00
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 0.00
Nonvested at end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 21.89
v3.10.0.1
Stock-Based Compensation - Significant Assumptions Used in Monte Carlo Model (Details) - Market Stock Units
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Dividend yield 0.00%
Longest remaining performance period (in years) 3 years
Minimum  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Volatility 36.50%
Risk-free interest rate 2.40%
Maximum  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Volatility 36.60%
Risk-free interest rate 2.70%
v3.10.0.1
Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2018
Sep. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]        
Effective tax rate, percent (3.10%) 0.10% (2.60%) 1.80%
Unrecognized tax benefits $ 0   $ 0  
Tax cuts and jobs act of 2017, measurement period adjustments     $ 0  
v3.10.0.1
Subsequent Events (Details) - Cloud Lending, Inc. - Subsequent Event
$ in Millions
Oct. 15, 2018
USD ($)
Subsequent Event [Line Items]  
Closing purchase price $ 105.0
Portion of purchase price placed into escrow $ 10.5