UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_______________________________________ 
Form 10-Q
  _______________________________________ 
(Mark One)

		
ý	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018
or

		
¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission File Number: 001-32407
_______________________________________ 
ARC DOCUMENT SOLUTIONS, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)
_______________________________________ 

		
Delaware	20-1700361	
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)	
12657 Alcosta Blvd, Suite 200
San Ramon, California 94583
(925) 949-5100
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices)
_______________________________________ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes   ý     No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes   ý     No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):  

				
Large accelerated filer	¨	Accelerated filer	ý	
 	 	 	 	
Non-accelerated filer	¨   (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	ý	
 	 	 	 	
 	 	Emerging growth company	¨	
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes   ¨     No   ý
As of November 2, 2018 , there were 45,789,514 shares of the issuer’s common stock outstanding.

ARC DOCUMENT SOLUTIONS, INC.
Form 10-Q
For the Quarter Ended September 30, 2018
Table of Contents

	
		
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION	4	
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	4	
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (Unaudited)	4	
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September, 30 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited)	5	
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited)	6	
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited)	7	
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	8	
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	16	
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	29	
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	29	
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION	31	
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	31	
Item 1A. Risk Factors	31	
Item 6. Exhibits	31	
Signatures	32	
Exhibit Index	33	
Exhibit 31.1	 	
Exhibit 31.2	 	
Exhibit 32.1	 	
Exhibit 32.2	 	

 	 	

2

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains statements that are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. When used in this Form 10-Q, the words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “target,” “likely,” “will,” “would,” “could,” and variations of such words and similar expressions as they relate to our management or to ARC Document Solutions, Inc. (the “Company”) are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated herein. We have described in Part II, Item 1A-“Risk Factors” a number of factors that could cause our actual results to differ from our projections or estimates. These factors and other risk factors described in this Form 10-Q are not necessarily all of the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any of our forward-looking statements. Other unknown or unpredictable factors also could harm our results. Consequently, there can be no assurance that the actual results or developments anticipated by us will be realized or, even if substantially realized, that they will have the expected consequences to, or effects on, us. Given these uncertainties, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.
Except where otherwise indicated, the statements made in this Form 10-Q are made as of the date we filed this report with the Securities and Exchange Commission and should not be relied upon as of any subsequent date. All future written and verbal forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. We undertake no obligation, and specifically disclaim any obligation, to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You should, however, consult further disclosures we make in future filings of our Forms 10-K, Forms 10-Q, and Forms 8-K, and any amendments thereto, as well as our proxy statements.

3

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
ARC DOCUMENT SOLUTIONS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)

	
								
 	September 30,	 	December 31,	
(In thousands, except per share data)	2018	 	2017	
Assets	 	 	 	
Current assets:	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	$	18,404		 	$	28,059		
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for accounts receivable of $2,366  and $2,341	62,478		 	57,011		
Inventories, net	18,301		 	19,937		
Prepaid expenses	6,371		 	4,208		
Other current assets	5,209		 	5,266		
Total current assets	110,763		 	114,481		
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $201,126  and $198,693	69,133		 	64,245		
Goodwill	121,051		 	121,051		
Other intangible assets, net	6,078		 	9,068		
Deferred income taxes	25,738		 	28,029		
Other assets	2,601		 	2,551		
Total assets	$	335,364		 	$	339,425		
Liabilities and Equity	 	 	 	
Current liabilities:	 	 	 	
Accounts payable	$	22,848		 	$	24,289		
Accrued payroll and payroll-related expenses	13,009		 	12,617		
Accrued expenses	17,896		 	17,201		
Current portion of long-term debt and capital leases	21,334		 	20,791		
Total current liabilities	75,087		 	74,898		
Long-term debt and capital leases	110,889		 	123,626		
Other long-term liabilities	4,474		 	3,290		
Total liabilities	190,450		 	201,814		
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6)		 		
Stockholders’ equity:	 	 	 	
ARC Document Solutions, Inc. stockholders’ equity:	 	 	 	
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 25,000 shares authorized;  0 shares issued and outstanding	—		 	—		
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 150,000 shares authorized; 48,464  and 47,913 shares issued and 45,790  and 45,266 shares outstanding	48		 	48		
Additional paid-in capital	122,878		 	120,953		
Retained earnings	27,785		 	20,524		
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3,457	)	 	(1,998	)	
 	147,254		 	139,527		
Less cost of common stock in treasury, 2,674  and 2,647 shares	9,350		 	9,290		
Total ARC Document Solutions, Inc. stockholders’ equity	137,904		 	130,237		
Noncontrolling interest	7,010		 	7,374		
Total equity	144,914		 	137,611		
Total liabilities and equity	$	335,364		 	$	339,425		
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

ARC DOCUMENT SOLUTIONS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)

	
																
 	Three Months Ended 
 September 30,	 	Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,	
(In thousands, except per share data)	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Service sales	$	88,419		 	$	85,625		 	$	267,160		 	$	262,459		
Equipment and supplies sales	12,054		 	10,833		 	35,211		 	35,010		
Total net sales	100,473		 	96,458		 	302,371		 	297,469		
Cost of sales	67,801		 	67,231		 	203,679		 	202,918		
Gross profit	32,672		 	29,227		 	98,692		 	94,551		
Selling, general and administrative expenses	26,973		 	25,843		 	81,780		 	76,540		
Amortization of intangible assets	949		 	1,053		 	2,942		 	3,250		
Goodwill impairment	—		 	17,637		 	—		 	17,637		
Income (loss) from operations	4,750		 	(15,306	)	 	13,970		 	(2,876	)	
Other expense (income), net	38		 	(19	)	 	(63	)	 	(60	)	
Loss on extinguishment and modification of debt	—		 	124		 	—		 	230		
Interest expense, net	1,478		 	1,530		 	4,436		 	4,679		
Income before income tax provision (benefit)	3,234		 	(16,941	)	 	9,597		 	(7,725	)	
Income tax provision (benefit)	647		 	(2,174	)	 	2,526		 	1,574		
Net income (loss)	2,587		 	(14,767	)	 	7,071		 	(9,299	)	
(Income) loss attributable to the noncontrolling interest	(28	)	 	(7	)	 	190		 	(55	)	
Net income (loss) attributable to ARC Document Solutions, Inc. shareholders	$	2,559		 	$	(14,774	)	 	$	7,261		 	$	(9,354	)	
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to ARC Document Solutions, Inc. shareholders:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic	$	0.06		 	$	(0.32	)	 	$	0.16		 	$	(0.20	)	
Diluted	$	0.06		 	$	(0.32	)	 	$	0.16		 	$	(0.20	)	
Weighted average common shares outstanding:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic	44,983		 	45,834		 	44,888		 	45,756		
Diluted	45,188		 	45,834		 	44,993		 	45,756		
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

ARC DOCUMENT SOLUTIONS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Unaudited)

	
																
 	Three Months Ended 
 September 30,	 	Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,	
(In thousands)	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Net income (loss)	$	2,587		 	$	(14,767	)	 	$	7,071		 	$	(9,299	)	
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	(320	)	 	681		 	(1,633	)	 	1,421		
Fair value adjustment of derivatives, net of tax	—		 	55		 	—		 	141		
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(320	)	 	736		 	(1,633	)	 	1,562		
Comprehensive income (loss)	2,267		 	(14,031	)	 	5,438		 	(7,737	)	
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interest	(202	)	 	149		 	(364	)	 	369		
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to ARC Document Solutions, Inc. shareholders	$	2,469		 	$	(14,180	)	 	$	5,802		 	$	(8,106	)	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

ARC DOCUMENT SOLUTIONS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)

	
								
 	Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,	
(In thousands)	2018	 	2017	
Cash flows from operating activities	 	 	 	
Net income (loss)	$	7,071		 	$	(9,299	)	
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:	 	 	 	
Allowance for accounts receivable	637		 	867		
Depreciation	21,708		 	21,787		
Amortization of intangible assets	2,942		 	3,250		
Amortization of deferred financing costs	175		 	246		
Goodwill impairment	—		 	17,637		
Stock-based compensation	1,824		 	2,251		
Deferred income taxes	2,175		 	1,045		
Deferred tax valuation allowance	71		 	488		
Loss on extinguishment and modification of debt	—		 	230		
Other non-cash items, net	(201	)	 	(340	)	
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:	 	 	 	
Accounts receivable	(6,594	)	 	406		
Inventory	1,291		 	(650	)	
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(2,326	)	 	(1,129	)	
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	1,289		 	(33	)	
Net cash provided by operating activities	30,062		 	36,756		
Cash flows from investing activities	 	 	 	
Capital expenditures	(10,463	)	 	(7,246	)	
Other	556		 	466		
Net cash used in investing activities	(9,907	)	 	(6,780	)	
Cash flows from financing activities	 	 	 	
Proceeds from stock option exercises	—		 	73		
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan	100		 	103		
Share repurchases	(60	)	 	—		
Contingent consideration on prior acquisitions	(176	)	 	(214	)	
Early extinguishment of long-term debt	—		 	(14,150	)	
Payments on long-term debt agreements and capital leases	(17,200	)	 	(60,060	)	
Borrowings under revolving credit facilities	9,250		 	54,850		
Payments under revolving credit facilities	(20,875	)	 	(9,675	)	
Payment of deferred financing costs	—		 	(270	)	
Net cash used in financing activities	(28,961	)	 	(29,343	)	
Effect of foreign currency translation on cash balances	(849	)	 	491		
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(9,655	)	 	1,124		
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	28,059		 	25,239		
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	18,404		 	$	26,363		
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information	 	 	 	
Noncash investing and financing activities	 	 	 	
Capital lease obligations incurred	$	16,560		 	$	20,714		
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

ARC DOCUMENT SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except per share data or where otherwise noted)
(Unaudited)
1. Description of Business and Basis of Presentation
ARC Document Solutions, Inc. (“ARC Document Solutions,” “ARC” or the “Company”) is a leading document solutions provider to architectural, engineering, construction, and facilities management professionals, while also providing document solutions to businesses of all types. ARC offers a variety of services including: Construction Document Information Management ("CDIM"), Managed Print Services ("MPS"), and Archive and Information Management ("AIM"). In addition, ARC also sells Equipment and Supplies. The Company conducts its operations through its wholly-owned operating subsidiary, ARC Document Solutions, LLC, a Texas limited liability company, and its affiliates.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in conformity with the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes or other financial information required by GAAP for complete financial statements have been condensed or omitted. In management’s opinion, the accompanying interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements presented reflect all adjustments of a normal and recurring nature that are necessary to fairly present the interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018 .
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. The Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis and relies on historical experience and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances to determine such estimates. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences may be material to the interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
These interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s 2017 Form 10-K.
Revenue Recognition
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) . The guidance requires entities to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected to be received in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, Topic 606 provides guidance on the recognition of costs related to obtaining and fulfilling customer contracts.

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018.  Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historical accounting. The adoption of Topic 606 did not result in an adjustment to retained earnings in the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2018.
 
Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company applied practical expedients related to unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.

Net sales of the Company’s principal services and products were as follows:

8

 

																
 	Three Months Ended 
 September 30,	 	Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,	
 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Service Sales	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
CDIM	$	52,418		 	$	50,089		 	$	160,270		 	$	155,031		
MPS	32,384		 	32,153		 	97,181		 	97,697		
AIM	3,617		 	3,383		 	9,709		 	9,731		
Total service sales	88,419		 	85,625		 	267,160		 	262,459		
Equipment and supplies sales	12,054		 	10,833		 	35,211		 	35,010		
Total net sales	$	100,473		 	$	96,458		 	$	302,371		 	$	297,469		
Construction Document and Information Management (CDIM) consists of professional services and software services to (i) re-produce and distribute large-format and small-format documents in either black & white or color (“Ordered Prints”) and (ii) specialized graphic color printing. Substantially all the Company’s revenue from CDIM comes from professional services to re-produce Ordered Prints. Sales of Ordered Prints are initiated through a customer order or quote and are governed by established terms and conditions agreed upon at the onset of the customer relationship. Revenue is recognized when the performance obligation under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied; generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of the re-produced Ordered Prints. Transfer of control occurs at a specific point-in-time, when the Ordered Prints are delivered to the customer’s site or handed to the customer for walk in orders. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Taxes collected concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue.
Managed Print Services (MPS), consists of placement, management, and optimization of print and imaging equipment in the customers' offices, job sites, and other facilities. MPS relieves the Company’s customers of the burden of purchasing print equipment and related supplies and maintaining print devices and print networks, and shifts their costs to a “per-use” basis. MPS is supported by our hosted proprietary technology, Abacus™, which allows our customers to capture, control, manage, print, and account for their documents. MPS contracts include a term ranging from 3 to 5 years and the Company is paid a fixed rate per unit for each print produced (per-use), often referred to as a “click charge.” MPS sales are driven by the ongoing print needs of the Company’s customers at their facilities. MPS sales are governed by the mutually agreed upon written agreement which outlines the Company’s terms and conditions. In providing MPS on a per-use basis, the Company is providing a series of services that have the same pattern of transfer and are measured as each customer produces a print or per-use. Accordingly, the performance obligations are satisfied over-time on an output method as each print is produced (per-use) by the customer. For each month of service, the prints produced during the period equate to the consideration that the Company expects to receive from the invoice generated for this period. Taxes collected concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue.
Archiving and Information Management (AIM), combines software and professional services to facilitate the capture, management, access and retrieval of documents and information that have been produced in the past. AIM includes our hosted SKYSITE ® software to organize, search and retrieve documents, as well as the provision of services that include the capture and conversion of hardcopy and electronic documents into digital files (“Scanned Documents”), and their cloud-based storage and maintenance. Sales of AIM professional services, which represent substantially all revenue for AIM, are initiated through a customer order or proposal and are governed by established terms and conditions agreed upon at the onset of the customer relationship. Revenue is recognized when the performance obligation under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied; generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of the digital files. Transfer of control occurs at a specific point-in-time, when the Scanned Documents are delivered to the customer either through SKYSITE or on electronic media. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Taxes collected concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue.

Equipment and Supplies sales consist of reselling printing, imaging, and related equipment (“Goods”) to customers primarily in architectural, engineering and construction firms. Sales of Equipment and Supplies are initiated through a customer order and are governed by established terms and conditions agreed upon at the onset of the customer relationship. Revenue is recognized when the performance obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied; generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of the Goods. Transfer of control occurs at a specific point-in-time, when the Goods are delivered to the customer’s site. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Taxes collected concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. The Company has experienced minimal customer returns or refunds and does not offer a warranty on equipment that it is reselling.

9

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842 (“ASC 842”), Leases. The new guidance replaces the existing guidance in ASC 840,  Leases . ASC 842 requires a dual approach for lessee accounting under which a lessee will account for leases as finance leases or operating leases, and is to be applied using a modified retrospective approach. Both finance leases and operating leases will result in the lessee recognizing a right-of-use (ROU) asset and a corresponding lease liability. For finance leases the lessee will recognize interest expense and amortization of the ROU asset and for operating leases the lessee will recognize a straight-line total lease expense. ASC 842 is effective for the Company January 1, 2019.

In July, 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements , which provides entities the option to use the effective date as the date of initial application on transition to the new guidance. The Company plans to elect this transition method, and as a result, the Company will not adjust comparative information for prior periods. While the Company is continuing to assess the potential impacts that ASC 842 will have on its consolidated financial statements, the Company believes that the most significant impact relates to its accounting for facility leases for its service centers and office space, which are currently classified as operating leases. The Company expects the accounting for capital leases related to its machinery and equipment will remain substantially unchanged under the new standard. Due to the substantial number of operating leases that it has, the Company believes this ASU will increase assets and liabilities by the same material amount on its consolidated balance sheet. The Company’s undiscounted minimum commitments under noncancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2017 was approximately $64.0 million . The Company does not believe adoption of this ASU will have a significant impact to its consolidated statements of operations, equity, or cash flows.
Segment Reporting
The provisions of ASC 280, Segment Reporting , require public companies to report financial and descriptive information about their reportable operating segments. The Company identifies operating segments based on the various business activities that earn revenue and incur expense and whose operating results are reviewed by the Company's Chief Executive Officer, who is the Company's chief operating decision maker. Because its operating segments have similar products and services, classes of customers, production processes, distribution methods and economic characteristics, the Company operates as a single reportable segment.
Risk and Uncertainties
The Company generates the majority of its revenue from sales of services and products to customers in the architectural, engineering, construction and building owner/operator (AEC/O) industry. As a result, the Company’s operating results and financial condition can be significantly affected by economic factors that influence the AEC/O industry, such as non-residential construction spending, GDP growth, interest rates, unemployment rates, and office vacancy rates. Reduced activity (relative to historic levels) in the AEC/O industry would diminish demand for some of ARC’s services and products, and would therefore negatively affect revenues and have a material adverse effect on its business, operating results and financial condition.
As part of the Company’s growth strategy, ARC intends to continue to offer and grow a variety of service offerings, some of which are relatively new to the Company. The success of the Company’s efforts will be affected by its ability to acquire new customers for the Company’s new service offerings, as well as to sell the new service offerings to existing customers. The Company’s inability to successfully market and execute these relatively new service offerings could significantly affect its business and reduce its long term revenue, resulting in an adverse effect on its results of operations and financial condition.
2. Earnings per Share
The Company accounts for earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to ARC by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share is computed similarly to basic earnings per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if common shares subject to outstanding options and acquisition rights had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. Common share equivalents are excluded from the computation if their effect is anti-dilutive. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , 4.0 million and 5.1 million common shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income attributable to ARC per common share, respectively, because they were anti-dilutive. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 , 5.3 million common shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss attributable to ARC per common share because they were anti-dilutive. The Company's common share equivalents consist of stock options issued under the Company's stock plan.

10

Basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding were calculated as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 :

	
												
 	Three Months Ended 
 September 30,	 	Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,	
 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Weighted average common shares outstanding during the period—basic	44,983		 	45,834		 	44,888		 	45,756		
Effect of dilutive stock options	205		 	—		 	105		 	—		
Weighted average common shares outstanding during the period—diluted	45,188		 	45,834		 	44,993		 	45,756		

3. Goodwill and Other Intangibles
Goodwill
In accordance with ASC 350,  Intangibles - Goodwill and Other , the Company assesses goodwill for impairment annually as of September 30, and more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. At September 30, 2018, the Company performed its assessment and determined that goodwill was not impaired.
Goodwill impairment testing is performed at the reporting unit level. Goodwill is assigned to reporting units at the date the goodwill is initially recorded. Once goodwill has been assigned to reporting units, it no longer retains its association with a particular acquisition, and all of the activities within a reporting unit, whether acquired or internally generated, are available to support the value of the goodwill.

For its annual goodwill impairment test as of September 30, 2017, the Company elected to early-adopt ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment , which simplifies subsequent goodwill measurement by eliminating step two from the goodwill impairment test. As a result, the Company compared the fair value of a reporting unit with its respective carrying value, and recognized an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeded the reporting unit’s fair value.

At September 30, 2017, the Company's goodwill impairment analysis showed one reporting unit with goodwill attributed to it with a carrying amount which exceeded its fair value. The underperformance of the Company relative to its forecast in the third quarter of 2017, and more specifically, the underperformance against forecast of one of the Company's reporting units which previously had goodwill impairment in 2016 drove the decline in the fair value of the reporting unit. As a result, the Company recorded a pretax, non-cash charge for the three months ended September 30, 2017 to reduce the carrying value of goodwill by $17.6 million .
The Company determines the fair value of its reporting units using an income approach. Under the income approach, the Company determined fair value based on estimated discounted future cash flows of each reporting unit. Determining the fair value of a reporting unit is judgmental in nature and requires the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including revenue growth rates and EBITDA margins, discount rates and future market conditions, among others.
Given the changing document and printing needs of the Company’s customers, and the uncertainties regarding the effect on the Company’s business, there can be no assurance that the estimates and assumptions made for purposes of the Company’s goodwill impairment test in 2018 will prove to be accurate predictions of the future. If the Company’s assumptions, including forecasted EBITDA of certain reporting units, are not achieved, the Company may be required to record additional goodwill impairment charges in future periods, whether in connection with the Company’s next annual impairment testing in the third quarter of 2019, or on an interim basis, if any such change constitutes a triggering event (as defined under ASC 350,  Intangibles-Goodwill and Other ) outside of the quarter when the Company regularly performs its annual goodwill impairment test. It is not possible at this time to determine if any such future impairment charge would result or, if it does, whether such charge would be material.
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill from January 1, 2017 through September 30, 2018 are summarized as follows:

11

	
												
 	Gross
Goodwill	 	Accumulated
Impairment
Loss	 	Net
Carrying
Amount	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
January 1, 2017	$	405,558		 	$	266,870		 	$	138,688		
Goodwill impairment	—		 	17,637		 	(17,637	)	
December 31, 2017	405,558		 	284,507		 	121,051		
Goodwill impairment	—		 	—		 	—		
September 30, 2018	$	405,558		 	$	284,507		 	$	121,051		
See “Critical Accounting Policies” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for further information regarding the process and assumptions used in the goodwill impairment analysis.
Long-lived and Other Intangible Assets
The Company periodically assesses potential impairments of its long-lived assets in accordance with the provisions of ASC 360, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets . An impairment review is performed whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. The Company groups its assets at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of the other assets and liabilities. The Company has determined that the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are available is the regional level, which is the operating segment level.
Factors considered by the Company include, but are not limited to, significant underperformance relative to historical or projected operating results; significant changes in the manner of use of the acquired assets or the strategy for the overall business; and significant negative industry or economic trends. When the carrying value of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more of the above indicators of impairment, the Company estimates the future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows and eventual disposition is less than the carrying amount of the asset, the Company recognizes an impairment loss. An impairment loss is reflected as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset, based on the fair value if available, or discounted cash flows, if fair value is not available. The Company assessed potential impairments of its long lived assets as of September 30, 2018 and concluded that there was no impairment.
Other intangible assets that have finite lives are amortized over their useful lives. Customer relationships are amortized using the accelerated method, based on customer attrition rates, over their estimated useful lives of 13 (weighted average) years.
The following table sets forth the Company’s other intangible assets resulting from business acquisitions as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 which continue to be amortized:

	
																								
 	September 30, 2018	 	December 31, 2017	
 	Gross
Carrying
Amount	 	Accumulated
Amortization	 	Net
Carrying
Amount	 	Gross
Carrying
Amount	 	Accumulated
Amortization	 	Net
Carrying
Amount	
Amortizable other intangible assets	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Customer relationships	$	99,332		 	$	93,598		 	$	5,734		 	$	99,486		 	$	90,805		 	$	8,681		
Trade names and trademarks	20,262		 	19,918		 	344		 	20,297		 	19,910		 	387		
 	$	119,594		 	$	113,516		 	$	6,078		 	$	119,783		 	$	110,715		 	$	9,068		
Estimated future amortization expense of other intangible assets for the remainder of the 2018 fiscal year, each of the subsequent four fiscal years and thereafter are as follows:

12

	
				
2018 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2018)	$	931		
2019	3,138		
2020	1,529		
2021	173		
2022	99		
Thereafter	208		
 	$	6,078		
4. Income Taxes
On a quarterly basis, the Company estimates its effective tax rate for the full fiscal year and records a quarterly income tax provision based on the anticipated annual effective rate and the recognition of any discrete items within the quarter.
The Company recorded an income tax provision of $0.6 million and $2.5 million in relation to pretax income of $3.2 million and $9.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , respectively, which resulted in an effective income tax rate of 20.0% and 26.3% , respectively. The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $2.2 million and an income tax provision of $1.6 million in relation to pretax losses of $16.9 million and $7.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, which resulted in an effective income tax rate of 12.8% and (20.4)% , respectively.
In December 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “TCJA”) was enacted. The TCJA includes a number of changes to existing U.S. tax laws that impact the Company. This includes a reduction to the federal corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent for the tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. The TCJA also provides for a one-time transition tax on certain foreign earnings as well as changes beginning in 2018 regarding the deductibility of interest expense, additional limitations on executive compensation, meals and entertainment expenses and the inclusion of certain foreign earnings in U.S. taxable income.
      
The Company recognized $11.9 million of tax expense in the fourth quarter of 2017 primarily due to the reduction in its net U.S. deferred tax assets for the 14 percentage point decrease in the U.S. federal statutory rate. The Company has completed its accounting for the tax effects of the TCJA as it relates to its 2017 tax year. Additionally, further guidance from the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS"), SEC, or the FASB could result in changes to the Company’s accounting for the tax effects of the TCJA in its 2018 tax year and future tax years.

In accordance with ASC 740-10, Income Taxes , the Company evaluates the need for deferred tax asset valuation allowances based on a more likely than not standard. The ability to realize deferred tax assets depends on the ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryback or carryforward periods provided for in the tax law for each applicable tax jurisdiction. The Company considers the following possible sources of taxable income when assessing the realization of deferred tax assets:

•	Future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences;	
		
•	Future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards;	
		
•	Taxable income in prior carryback years; and	
		
•	Tax-planning strategies.	

The assessment regarding whether a valuation allowance is required or should be adjusted also considers all available positive and negative evidence factors, including but not limited to:

•	Nature, frequency, and severity of recent losses;	
		
•	Duration of statutory carryforward periods;	
		
•	Historical experience with tax attributes expiring unused; and	
		
•	Near- and medium-term financial outlook.	

The Company utilizes a rolling three years of actual and current year anticipated results as the primary measure of cumulative income/losses in recent years, as adjusted for permanent differences. The evaluation of deferred tax assets requires judgment in assessing the likely future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company's financial statements or tax returns and future profitability. The Company's accounting for deferred tax consequences represents its best estimate of those future events. Changes in the Company's current estimates, due to unanticipated events or otherwise, could have a material effect on its financial condition and results of operations. The Company has a $2.4 million valuation allowance against certain deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2018 .

13

Based on the Company’s current assessment, the remaining net deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2018 are considered more likely than not to be realized. The valuation allowance of $2.4 million may be increased or reduced as conditions change or if the Company is unable to implement certain available tax planning strategies. The realization of the Company’s net deferred tax assets ultimately depend on future taxable income, reversals of existing taxable temporary differences or through a loss carry back. The Company has income tax receivables of $136 thousand as of September 30, 2018 included in other current assets in its interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet primarily related to income tax refunds for prior years.

5. Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt consists of the following:

	
									
 	 	September 30, 2018	 	December 31, 2017	
Term Loan maturing 2022, net of deferred financing fees of $605  and $757; 3.87%  and 3.12% interest rate at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017	 	$	53,770		 	$	56,993		
Revolving Loans; 4.09%  and 3.64% interest rate at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017	 	30,625		 	42,250		
Various capital leases; weighted average interest rate of 4.6%   and 5.0% at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017; principal and interest payable monthly through September 2023	 	47,817		 	45,157		
Various other notes payable with a weighted average interest rate of 10.7% at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017; principal and interest payable monthly through November 2019	 	11		 	17		
 	 	132,223		 	144,417		
Less current portion	 	(21,334	)	 	(20,791	)	
 	 	$	110,889		 	$	123,626		

Credit Agreement
On July 14, 2017, the Company amended its Credit Agreement which was originally entered into on November 20, 2014 with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto.
Prior to being amended, the Credit Agreement provided for the extension of term loans (“Term Loans”) in an aggregate principal amount of $175.0 million . In addition, prior to being amended, the Credit Agreement provided for the extension of revolving loans (“Revolving Loans”) in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $30.0 million . The amendment increased the maximum aggregate principal amount of Revolving Loans under the agreement from $30.0 million to $80.0 million and reduced the outstanding principal amount of the Term Loan under the agreement to $60.0 million . Upon the execution of the amendment to the Credit Agreement, the total principal amount outstanding under the agreement remained unchanged at $110.0 million . As a result of the amendment to the Credit Agreement, the principal of the Term Loan amortizes at an annual rate of 7.5% during the first and second years following the date of the amendment and at an annual rate of 10% during the third, fourth and fifth years following the date of the amendment, with any remaining balance payable upon the maturity date. The amendment also extended the maturity date for both the Revolving Loans and the Term Loans until July 14, 2022.
As of September 30, 2018 , the Company's borrowing availability of Revolving Loans under the $80.0 million Revolving Loan commitment was $47.2 million , after deducting outstanding letters of credit of $2.2 million and outstanding Revolving Loans of $30.6 million . In November 2018, the Company reduced the $80.0 million Revolving Loan commitment by $15.0 million , which reduced the Company's borrowing availability to $32.2 million .

Loans borrowed under the Credit Agreement bear interest, in the case of LIBOR rate loans, at a per annum rate equal to the applicable LIBOR rate, plus a margin ranging from 1.25% to 2.25% , based on the Company’s Total Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement). Loans borrowed under the Credit Agreement that are not LIBOR rate loans bear interest at a per annum rate equal to (i) the greatest of (A) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50% , (B) the one month LIBOR rate plus 1.00% , per annum, and (C) the rate of interest announced, from time to time, by Wells Fargo Bank, National Association as its “prime rate,” plus (ii) a margin ranging from 0.25% to 1.25% , based on the Company’s Total Leverage Ratio. The amendment reduced the rate of interest payable on the loans borrowed under the Credit Agreement by 0.25% .

The Company pays certain recurring fees with respect to the credit facility, including administration fees to the administrative agent.

14

Subject to certain exceptions, including in certain circumstances, reinvestment rights, the loans extended under the Credit Agreement are subject to customary mandatory prepayment provisions with respect to: the net proceeds from certain asset sales; the net proceeds from certain issuances or incurrences of debt (other than debt permitted to be incurred under the terms of the Credit Agreement); the net proceeds from certain issuances of equity securities; and net proceeds of certain insurance recoveries and condemnation events of the Company.

The Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, subject to limitations and exceptions, and customary covenants restricting the ability (subject to various exceptions) of the Company and its subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness (including guarantee obligations); incur liens; sell certain property or assets; engage in mergers or other fundamental changes; consummate acquisitions; make investments; pay dividends, other distributions or repurchase equity interest of the Company or its subsidiaries; change the nature of their business; prepay or amend certain indebtedness; engage in certain transactions with affiliates; amend their organizational documents; or enter into certain restrictive agreements. In addition, the amended Credit Agreement contains financial covenants which requires the Company to maintain (i) at all times, a Total Leverage Ratio in an amount not to exceed 3.25 to 1.00; and (ii) a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the amended Credit Agreement), as of the last day of each fiscal quarter, an amount not less than 1.15 to 1.00.

The Credit Agreement contains customary events of default, including: nonpayment of principal, interest, fees or other amounts; failure to perform or observe covenants; material inaccuracy of a representation or warranty when made; cross-default to other material indebtedness; bankruptcy, insolvency and dissolution events; inability to pay debts; monetary judgment defaults; actual or asserted invalidity or impairment of any definitive loan documentation, repudiation of guaranties or subordination terms; certain ERISA related events; or a change of control.

The obligations of the Company’s subsidiary that is the borrower under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by the Company and each other United States domestic subsidiary of the Company. The Credit Agreement and any interest rate protection and other hedging arrangements provided by any lender party to the Credit Facility or any affiliate of such a lender are secured on a first priority basis by a perfected security interest in substantially all of the borrower’s, the Company’s and each guarantor’s assets (subject to certain exceptions).
6. Commitments and Contingencies
Operating Leases. The Company leases machinery, equipment, and office and operational facilities under non-cancelable operating lease agreements used in the ordinary course of business.

Legal Proceedings. We are involved in various legal proceedings and other legal matters from time to time in the normal course of business. We do not believe that the outcome of any of these matters will have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
7. Stock-Based Compensation
The Company's stock plan provides for the grant of incentive and non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock bonuses and other forms of awards granted or denominated in the Company's common stock or units of the Company's common stock, as well as cash bonus awards to employees, directors and consultants of the Company. On April 26, 2018, the Company's shareholders approved an amendment to the Company's stock plan to increase the aggregate number of shares authorized for issuance under such plan by 3.5 million shares. The Company's stock plan, as amended, currently authorizes the Company to issue up to 7.0 million shares of common stock. As of September 30, 2018 , 3.1 million shares remained available for issuance under the stock plan.
Stock options granted under the Company's stock plan generally expire no later than ten years from the date of grant. Options generally vest and become fully exercisable over a period of three to four years from date of award, except that options granted to non-employee directors may vest over a shorter time period. The exercise price of options must be equal to at least 100% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The Company allows for cashless exercises of vested outstanding options.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , the Company granted options to acquire a total of 0.7 million shares of the Company's common stock to certain key employees with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , the Company granted 0.3 million shares of restricted stock awards to certain key employees with a deemed issuance price per share equal to the closing price of the Company's common stock on the date the restricted stock was granted. These stock options and restricted stock awards vest annually over three years from the grant date. In addition, the Company granted approximately 28 thousand shares of restricted stock awards to each of the Company's six non-employee members of its board of directors with a deemed issuance price per share equal to the closing price

15

of the Company's common stock on the date the restricted stock was granted. These restricted stock awards issued to the Company's non-employee directors vest on the one -year anniversary of the grant date.
Stock-based compensation expense was $0.6 million and $1.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , respectively, compared to stock-based compensation expense of $0.7 million and $2.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 , respectively.
As of September 30, 2018 , total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock-based payments totaled $3.2 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.9 years.
8. Fair Value Measurements
In accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement , the Company has categorized its assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value into a three-level fair value hierarchy. If the inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the categorization is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of the hierarchy are defined as follows:
Level 1-inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2-inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
Level 3-inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.
The following table summarizes the bases used to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

																
 	Significant Other Unobservable Inputs	
 	September 30, 2018	 	September 30, 2017	
 	Level 3	 	Total Losses	 	Level 3	 	Total Losses	
 Nonrecurring Fair Values	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 			 	 	 	 	 	 	
Goodwill	$	121,051		 	$	—		 	$	121,051		 	$	17,637		
In accordance with ASC 350, goodwill was written down to its implied fair value of $121.1 million  as of September 30, 2017 , resulting in impairment charges of  $17.6 million  during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 . See Note 3, “Goodwill and Other Intangibles” for further information regarding the process of determining the implied fair value of goodwill and change in goodwill.
Fair Values of Financial Instruments. The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating the fair value of its financial instruments for disclosure purposes:
Cash equivalents: Cash equivalents are time deposits with maturity of three months or less when purchased, which are highly liquid and readily convertible to cash. Cash equivalents reported in the Company’s interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet were $6.6 million and $8.5 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively, and are carried at cost and approximate fair value due to the relatively short period to maturity of these instruments.
Short and long-term debt: The carrying amount of the Company’s capital leases reported in the interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets approximates fair value based on the Company’s current incremental borrowing rate for similar types of borrowing arrangements. The carrying amount reported in the Company’s interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2018 for borrowings under its Credit Agreement is $85.0 million , excluding unamortized deferred financing fees. The Company has determined, utilizing observable market quotes, that the fair value of borrowings under its Credit Agreement is $85.0 million as of September 30, 2018 .

16

Item 2 . Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this report as well as Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our 2017 Form 10-K and this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018 .
Business Summary
ARC Document Solutions, Inc. (“ARC Document Solutions,” “ARC,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) is a leading document solutions provider to design, engineering , construction, and facilities management professionals, while also providing document solutions to businesses of all types.
Our customers need us to manage the scale, complexity and workflow of their documents. We help them reduce their costs and increase their efficiency by improving their access and control over documents, and we offer a wide variety of ways to access, distribute, collaborate on, and store documents.
Each of our service offerings is enabled through a suite of supporting proprietary technology and a wide variety of value-added services. We have categorized our service and product offerings to report distinct sales recognized from:

Construction Document and Information Management (CDIM), which consists of professional services and software services to manage and distribute documents and information primarily related to construction projects. CDIM sales include software services such as SKYSITE®, our cloud-based project communication application, as well as providing document and information management services that are often technology-enabled. The bulk of our current revenue from CDIM comes from large-format and small-format printing services we provide in both black and white and in color.
Sales of software services are a smaller part of overall CDIM revenues. The sale of services addresses a variety of customer needs including the provision of project communication tools, project information management, building information modeling, digital document distribution services, printing services, and others.
Managed Print Services (MPS), consists of placement, management, and optimization of print and imaging equipment in our customers' offices, job sites, and other facilities. MPS relieves our customers of the burden of owning and managing print devices and print networks, and shifts their costs to a “per-use” basis. MPS is supported by our proprietary technology, Abacus™, which allows our customers to capture, control, manage, print, and account for their documents. MPS Services revenue is derived from two sources: 1) an engagement with the customer to place primarily large-format equipment, that we own or lease, at a construction site or in our customers’ offices, and 2) an arrangement by which our customers outsource their printing function to us, including all office printing, copying, and reprographics printing. In both cases this is recurring, contracted revenue with most contracts ranging from 3 to 5 years and we are paid a single cost per unit of material used, often referred to as a “click charge.” MPS sales are driven by the ongoing print needs of our customers at their facilities.
Archiving and Information Management (AIM), combines software and professional services to facilitate the capture, management, access and retrieval of documents and information that have been produced in the past. AIM includes our SKYSITE software to organize, search and retrieve documents, as well as the provision of services that include the capture and conversion of hardcopy and electronic documents, and their cloud-based storage and maintenance. AIM sales are driven by the need to leverage past intellectual property for present or future use, facilitate cost savings and efficiency improvements over current hardcopy and digital storage methods, as well as comply with regulatory and records retention requirements.
Equipment and Supplies, which consists of reselling printing, imaging, and related equipment to customers primarily to architectural, engineering and construction firms.
We have expanded our business beyond the services we traditionally provided to the architectural, engineering, construction, and building owner/operator (AEC/O) industry in the past and are currently focused on growing MPS, AIM and CDIM, as we believe the mix of services demanded by the AEC/O industry continues to shift toward document management at customer locations and in the cloud, and away from its historical emphasis on large-format construction drawings produced “offsite” in our service centers.
We deliver our services via the cloud, through a nationwide network of service centers, regionally-based technical specialists, locally-based sales executives, and a national/regional sales force known as Global Solutions.
Based on our analysis of our operating results, we estimate that sales to the AEC/O industry accounted for approximately 79% of our net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , with the remaining 21% consisting of sales to businesses outside of construction.

17

Costs and Expenses
Our cost of sales consists primarily of materials (paper, toner and other consumables), labor, and “indirect costs” which consist primarily of equipment expenses related to our MPS contracts and our service center facilities. Facilities and equipment expenses include maintenance, repairs, rents, insurance, and depreciation. Paper is the largest component of our material cost; however, paper pricing typically does not significantly affect our operating margins due, in part, to our efforts to pass increased costs on to our customers. We closely monitor material cost as a percentage of net sales to measure volume and waste. We also track labor utilization, or net sales per employee, to measure productivity and determine staffing levels.
We maintain low levels of inventory. Historically, our capital expenditure requirements have varied due to the cost and availability of capital lease lines of credit. Our relationships with credit providers has provided attractive lease rates over the past two years, and as a result, we chose to lease rather than purchase equipment in a significant portion of our engagements.
Research and development costs consist mainly of employee salaries, leased building space, and computer equipment that comprises our data storage and development centers in San Ramon, California and Kolkata, India. Such costs are primarily recorded to cost of sales.

Results of Operations

	
																														
 	Three Months Ended September 30,	 	Increase (decrease)	 	Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,	 	Increase (decrease)	
(In millions, except percentages)	2018	 	2017 (1)	 	$	 	%	 	2018	 	2017 (1)	 	$	 	%	
CDIM	$	52.4		 	$	50.1		 	$	2.3		 	4.6	 %	 	$	160.3		 	$	155.0		 	$	5.2		 	3.4	 %	
MPS	32.4		 	32.2		 	0.2		 	0.7	 %	 	97.2		 	97.7		 	(0.5	)	 	(0.5	)%	
AIM	3.6		 	3.4		 	0.2		 	6.9	 %	 	9.7		 	9.7		 	—		 	(0.2	)%	
Total service sales	88.4		 	85.6		 	2.8		 	3.3	 %	 	267.2		 	262.5		 	4.7		 	1.8	 %	
Equipment and supplies sales	12.1		 	10.8		 	1.2		 	11.3	 %	 	35.2		 	35.0		 	0.2		 	0.6	 %	
Total net sales	$	100.5		 	$	96.5		 	$	4.0		 	4.2	 %	 	$	302.4		 	$	297.5		 	$	4.9		 	1.6	 %	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Gross profit	$	32.7		 	$	29.2		 	$	3.4		 	11.8	 %	 	$	98.7		 	$	94.6		 	$	4.1		 	4.4	 %	
Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	27.0		 	$	25.8		 	$	1.1		 	4.4	 %	 	$	81.8		 	$	76.5		 	$	5.2		 	6.8	 %	
Amortization of intangibles	$	0.9		 	$	1.1		 	$	(0.1	)	 	(9.9	)%	 	$	2.9		 	$	3.3		 	$	(0.3	)	 	(9.5	)%	
Goodwill impairment	$	—		 	$	17.6		 	$	(17.6	)	 	(100.0	)%	 	$	—		 	$	17.6		 	$	(17.6	)	 	(100.0	)%	
Loss on extinguishment and modification of debt	$	—		 	$	0.1		 	$	(0.1	)	 	(100.0	)%	 	$	—		 	$	0.2		 	$	(0.2	)	 	(100.0	)%	
Interest expense, net	$	1.5		 	$	1.5		 	$	(0.1	)	 	(3.4	)%	 	$	4.4		 	$	4.7		 	$	(0.2	)	 	(5.2	)%	
Income tax provision (benefit)	$	0.6		 	$	(2.2	)	 	$	2.8		 	(129.8	)%	 	$	2.5		 	$	1.6		 	$	1.0		 	60.5	 %	
Net income (loss) attributable to ARC	$	2.6		 	$	(14.8	)	 	$	17.3		 	(117.3	)%	 	$	7.3		 	$	(9.4	)	 	$	16.6		 	(177.6	)%	
Non-GAAP (2)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Adjusted net income attributable to ARC (2)	$	2.3		 	$	0.4		 	$	2.0		 	555.3	 %	 	$	7.0		 	$	5.9		 	$	1.1		 	17.7	 %	
EBITDA (2)	$	13.0		 	$	(7.0	)	 	$	20.0		 	(286.3	)%	 	$	38.9		 	$	21.9		 	$	16.9		 	77.2	 %	
Adjusted EBITDA (2)	$	13.6		 	$	11.5		 	$	2.1		 	18.7	 %	 	$	40.7		 	$	42.1		 	$	(1.4	)	 	(3.2	)%	

(1)	Column does not foot due to rounding	
		
(2)	See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on pg. 22 for additional information.	

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The following table provides information on the percentages of certain items of selected financial data as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated:

	
												
 	As Percentage of Net Sales	 	As Percentage of Net Sales	
 	Three Months Ended September 30,	 	Nine Months Ended September 30,	
 	2018 (1)	 	2017 (1)	 	2018 (1)	 	2017 (1)	
Net Sales	100.0	 %	 	100.0	 %	 	100.0	%	 	100.0	 %	
Cost of sales	67.5		 	69.7		 	67.4		 	68.2		
Gross profit	32.5		 	30.3		 	32.6		 	31.8		
Selling, general and administrative expenses	26.8		 	26.8		 	27.0		 	25.7		
Amortization of intangibles	0.9		 	1.1		 	1.0		 	1.1		
Goodwill impairment	—		 	18.3		 	—		 	5.9		
Income (loss) from operations	4.7		 	(15.9	)	 	4.6		 	(1.0	)	
Interest expense, net	1.5		 	1.6		 	1.5		 	1.6		
Income before income tax provision (benefit)	3.2		 	(17.6	)	 	3.2		 	(2.6	)	
Income tax provision (benefit)	0.6		 	(2.3	)	 	0.8		 	0.5		
Net income (loss)	2.6		 	(15.3	)	 	2.3		 	(3.1	)	
Loss (income) attributable to the noncontrolling interest	—		 	—		 	0.1		 	—		
Net income (loss) attributable to ARC	2.5	 %	 	(15.3	)%	 	2.4	%	 	(3.1	)%	
Non-GAAP (2)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
EBITDA (2)	13.0	 %	 	(7.2	)%	 	12.9	%	 	7.4	 %	
Adjusted EBITDA (2)	13.6	 %	 	11.9	 %	 	13.5	%	 	14.1	 %	

(1)	Column does not foot due to rounding	
		
(2)	See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" on pg. 22 for additional information.	
Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Net Sales
Net sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 increase d 4.2% and 1.6% , respectively, compared to the same periods in 2017 due primarily to increases in our print-based sales.
CDIM . Year-over-year sales of CDIM services increase d $2.3 million , or 4.6% , and $5.2 million , or 3.4% , for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , respectively. The increase in sales of CDIM services was driven by an increase in project-related printing partially offset by the continued but moderating reduction in demand for printed construction drawings and related services being replaced by the ongoing adoption of technology. CDIM services represented 52% and 53% of total net sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , respectively, compared to 52% for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 .
MPS . Year-over-year sales of MPS services for the three months ended September 30, 2018 increase d $0.2 million , or 0.7% , and for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , decrease d $0.5 million , or 0.5% . The increase in MPS services for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was due to new customer acquisitions and the expansion of MPS services within our existing customer base. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , the decrease was due primarily to the decline in print volumes from our existing customers. The decline in print volumes was driven in part by the continued optimization of our customers' in-house print environment. Our MPS offering delivers value to our customers by optimizing their print infrastructure, which in turn, will lower their print volume over time. Revenues from MPS Services sales represented approximately 32% of total net sales for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , as compared to 33% for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 .
The number of MPS locations has grown to approximately 10,500 as of September 30, 2018 , representing a net increase of approximately 500 locations compared to September 30, 2017 . While MPS is subject to temporary performance fluctuations based on the loss or acquisition of large clients, we believe there is an opportunity for MPS sales growth in the future due to the value that we bring to our customers and the desire to reduce printing costs in the AEC/O industry.

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AIM . Year-over-year sales of AIM Services increased $0.2 million , or 6.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , and was flat for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 . The increase in sales of our AIM Services during the three months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily driven by an increase in project-based scanning performed at our service centers. We are driving an expansion of our addressable market for AIM Services by targeting building owners and facilities managers that require on-demand access to their legacy documents to operate their assets efficiently.
Equipment and Supplies Sales . Year-over-year sales of Equipment and Supplies increase d $1.2 million , or 11.3% , and $0.2 million , or 0.6% , for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , respectively. These increases in Equipment and Supplies sales were primarily driven by the replacement of aging equipment fleets for customers who prefer to own their equipment. Equipment and Supplies Sales derived from UNIS Document Solutions Co. Ltd (“UDS”), our Chinese business venture, increased to $6.9 million and $18.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , respectively, as compared to $ 5.4 million and $17.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 , respectively. Traditionally, our customers in China have exhibited a preference for owning print and imaging related equipment as opposed to using equipment through onsite services arrangements. Equipment and Supplies sales continued to decline in the U.S. for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 . We do not anticipate growth in Equipment and Supplies Sales outside of China as we continue to place more focus on growing MPS sales and converting sales contracts to MPS agreements.
Gross Profit
During the three months ended September 30, 2018 , gross profit and gross margin increased to $32.7 million , and 32.5% compared to $29.2 million and 30.3% , during the same period in 2017 , on a sales increase of $4.0 million .
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , gross profit and gross margin increased to $98.7 million , and 32.6% compared to $94.6 million and 31.8% , during the same period in 2017 , on a sales increase of $4.9 million .
The increase in our gross margins for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily driven by the increase in our net sales as compared to the same periods in 2017, which allowed us to better leverage the fixed portion of our overhead and labor costs, as well as the results of certain gross margin improvement initiatives we commenced in 2018. These increases were partially offset by higher employee medical costs in 2018.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $1.1 million , or 4.4% , and $5.2 million , or 6.8% , for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , respectively, compared to the same periods in 2017 .
General and administrative expenses increased $1.7 million , or 11.7% , and $4.3 million , or 9.8% , for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , respectively, compared to the same periods in 2017 . The increase in expenses was driven by increased healthcare costs, increased incentive bonus accruals due to the improved financial performance, as well as investments in corporate infrastructure during 2018 that helped to fuel our sales growth.
Year-over-year sales and marketing expenses decreased $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 , and increased $0.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same periods in 2017 . The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , was primarily due to investments in sales and marketing staff, training, and marketing initiatives that commenced the second half of 2017 and continued into 2018 to support our new technology-enabled offerings and to grow our print-based offerings. The year-over-year decrease in sales and marketing expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily due to an optimization of our sales organization, maintaining those investments that yielded positive results and discontinuing those investments that did not.
Amortization of Intangibles
Amortization of intangibles of $0.9 million and $2.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , respectively, decreased slightly compared to the same periods in 2017 due to the completed amortization of certain customer relationship intangibles related to historical acquisitions.
Loss on Extinguishment and Modification of Debt
Additional principal payments above the minimum required principal payments on our Credit Agreement resulted in a loss on the extinguishment and modification of debt of $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 .

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Interest Expense, Net
Net interest expense totaled $1.5 million and $4.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , respectively, compared to $1.5 million and $4.7 million for the same period in 2017 . The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2018  compared to 2017 was due to our continued pay down of our long-term debt, partially offset by rising interest rates.
Income Taxes

We recorded an income tax provision of $0.6 million and $2.5 million in relation to pretax income of $3.2 million and $9.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , respectively, which resulted in an effective income tax rate of 20.0% and 26.3% . Excluding the impact of additional valuation allowances and other discrete tax items, our effective income tax rate would have been 26.4% and 29.3%, respectively.

We have a $2.4 million valuation allowance against certain deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2018 .

By comparison, we recorded an income tax benefit of $2.2 million and an income tax provision of $1.6 million in relation to pretax losses of $16.9 million and $7.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, which resulted in an effective income tax rate of 12.8% and (20.4)%, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, our effective income tax rate would have been 41.1%, excluding the impact of the goodwill impairment, an additional valuation allowance, certain stock-based compensation not deductible for income tax purposes and other discrete items.

We had a $1.8 million valuation allowance against certain deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2017.
Noncontrolling Interest
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest represents 35% of the income of UDS and its subsidiaries, which together comprise our Chinese joint-venture operations.
Net Income Attributable to ARC
Net income attributable to ARC was $2.6 million and $7.3 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , respectively, compared to net losses of $14.8 million and $9.4 million in the same periods in 2017 . The changes in net income attributable to ARC for three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the prior year period are primarily due to the goodwill impairment charge recognized in the third quarter of 2017.
EBITDA
EBITDA margin increased to 13.0% and 12.9% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , respectively, from (7.2)% and 7.4% for the same periods in 2017. Excluding the effect of the goodwill impairment, loss on extinguishment of debt, and stock-based compensation, adjusted EBITDA margin increased to 13.6% and decreased to 13.5% during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , respectively, as compared to 11.9% and 14.1% for the same periods in 2017 . The increase in adjusted EBITDA margin for the three months ended September 30,2018 was primarily due to the increase in gross profit noted above. The decrease in adjusted EBITDA margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily due to the increase in employee medical costs, which increased $0.6 million and $3.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.
Impact of Inflation
We do not believe inflation has had a significant effect on our operations. Price increases for raw materials, such as paper and fuel charges, typically have been, and we expect will continue to be, passed on to customers in the ordinary course of business.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
EBITDA and related ratios presented in this report are supplemental measures of our performance that are not required by or presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). These measures are not measurements of our financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered as alternatives to net income, income from operations, or any other performance measures derived in accordance with GAAP or as an alternative to cash flows from operating, investing or financing activities as a measure of our liquidity.
EBITDA represents net income before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. EBITDA margin is a non-GAAP measure

21

calculated by dividing EBITDA by net sales.
We have presented EBITDA and related ratios because we consider them important supplemental measures of our performance and liquidity. We believe investors may also find these measures meaningful, given how our management makes use of them. The following is a discussion of our use of these measures.
We use EBITDA to measure and compare the performance of our operating segments. Our operating segments’ financial performance includes all of the operating activities except debt and taxation which are managed at the corporate level for U.S. operating segments. We use EBITDA to compare the performance of our operating segments and to measure performance for determining consolidated-level compensation. In addition, we use EBITDA to evaluate potential acquisitions and potential capital expenditures.
EBITDA and related ratios have limitations as analytical tools, and should not be considered in isolation, or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are as follows:
		
•	They do not reflect our cash expenditures, or future requirements for capital expenditures and contractual commitments;	
		
•	They do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;	
		
•	They do not reflect the significant interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary, to service interest or principal payments on our debt;	
		
•	Although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements; and	
		
•	Other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate these measures differently than we do, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures.	
Because of these limitations, EBITDA and related ratios should not be considered as measures of discretionary cash available to us to invest in business growth or to reduce our indebtedness. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results and using EBITDA and related ratios only as supplements.
Our presentation of adjusted net income and adjusted EBITDA over certain periods is an attempt to provide meaningful comparisons to our historical performance for our existing and future investors. The unprecedented changes in our end markets over the past several years have required us to take measures that are unique in our history and specific to individual circumstances. Comparisons inclusive of these actions make normal financial and other performance patterns difficult to discern under a strict GAAP presentation. Each non-GAAP presentation, however, is explained in detail in the reconciliation tables below.
Specifically, we have presented adjusted net income attributable to ARC and adjusted earnings per share attributable to ARC shareholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 to reflect the exclusion of the goodwill impairment, loss on extinguishment and modification of debt, and changes in the valuation allowances related to certain deferred tax assets and other discrete tax items. This presentation facilitates a meaningful comparison of our operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 . We believe these charges were the result of items which are not indicative of our actual operating performance.
We have presented adjusted EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 to exclude the goodwill impairment, loss on extinguishment and modification of debt and stock-based compensation expense. The adjustment of EBITDA for these items is consistent with the definition of adjusted EBITDA in our Credit Agreement; therefore, we believe this information is useful to investors in assessing our financial performance.

22

The following is a reconciliation of cash flows provided by operating activities to EBITDA:

	
																
 	Three Months Ended 
 September 30,	 	Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,	
(In thousands)	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Cash flows provided by operating activities	$	7,097		 	$	11,326		 	$	30,062		 	$	36,756		
Changes in operating assets and liabilities	4,956		 	(959	)	 	6,340		 	1,406		
Non-cash expenses, including depreciation and amortization	(9,466	)	 	(25,134	)	 	(29,331	)	 	(47,461	)	
Income tax provision (benefit)	647		 	(2,174	)	 	2,526		 	1,574		
Interest expense, net	1,478		 	1,530		 	4,436		 	4,679		
(Income) loss attributable to the noncontrolling interest	(28	)	 	(7	)	 	190		 	(55	)	
Depreciation and amortization	8,338		 	8,430		 	24,650		 	25,037		
EBITDA	$	13,022		 	$	(6,988	)	 	$	38,873		 	$	21,936		
The following is a reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to ARC Document Solutions, Inc. to EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA:

																
 	Three Months Ended 
 September 30,	 	Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,	
(In thousands)	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Net income (loss) attributable to ARC Document Solutions, Inc.	$	2,559		 	$	(14,774	)	 	$	7,261		 	$	(9,354	)	
Interest expense, net	1,478		 	1,530		 	4,436		 	4,679		
Income tax provision (benefit)	647		 	(2,174	)	 	2,526		 	1,574		
Depreciation and amortization	8,338		 	8,430		 	24,650		 	25,037		
EBITDA	13,022		 	(6,988	)	 	38,873		 	21,936		
Loss on extinguishment and modification of debt	—		 	124		 	—		 	230		
Goodwill impairment	—		 	17,637		 	—		 	17,637		
Stock-based compensation	597		 	699		 	1,824		 	2,251		
Adjusted EBITDA	$	13,619		 	$	11,472		 	$	40,697		 	$	42,054		

The following is a reconciliation of net income (loss) margin attributable to ARC Document Solutions, Inc. to EBITDA margin and adjusted EBITDA margin:

	
												
 	Three Months Ended 
 September 30,	 	Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,	
 	2018 (1)	 	2017 (1)	 	2018	 	2017 (1)	
Net income (loss) margin attributable to ARC Document Solutions, Inc.	2.5	%	 	(15.3	)%	 	2.4	%	 	(3.1	)%	
Interest expense, net	1.5		 	1.6		 	1.5		 	1.6		
Income tax provision (benefit)	0.6		 	(2.3	)	 	0.8		 	0.5		
Depreciation and amortization	8.3		 	8.7		 	8.2		 	8.4		
EBITDA margin	13.0		 	(7.2	)	 	12.9		 	7.4		
Loss on extinguishment and modification of debt	—		 	0.1		 	—		 	0.1		
Goodwill impairment	—		 	18.3		 	—		 	5.9		
Stock-based compensation	0.6		 	0.7		 	0.6		 	0.8		
Adjusted EBITDA margin	13.6	%	 	11.9	 %	 	13.5	%	 	14.1	 %	

(1)	Column does not foot due to rounding	

23

The following is a reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to ARC Document Solutions, Inc. to adjusted net income attributable to ARC Document Solutions, Inc.:

																
 	Three Months Ended 
 September 30,	 	Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,	
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Net income (loss) attributable to ARC Document Solutions, Inc.	$	2,559		 	$	(14,774	)	 	$	7,261		 	$	(9,354	)	
Loss on extinguishment and modification of debt	—		 	124		 	—		 	230		
Goodwill impairment	—		 	17,637		 	—		 	17,637		
Income tax benefit related to above items	—		 	(3,144	)	 	—		 	(3,186	)	
Deferred tax valuation allowance and other discrete tax items	(213	)	 	515		 	(290	)	 	594		
Adjusted net income attributable to ARC Document Solutions, Inc.	$	2,346		 	$	358		 	$	6,971		 	$	5,921		
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Actual:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to ARC Document Solutions, Inc. shareholders:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic	$	0.06		 	$	(0.32	)	 	$	0.16		 	$	(0.20	)	
Diluted	$	0.06		 	$	(0.32	)	 	$	0.16		 	$	(0.20	)	
Weighted average common shares outstanding:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic	44,983		 	45,834		 	44,888		 	45,756		
Diluted	45,188		 	45,834		 	44,993		 	45,756		
Adjusted:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Earnings per share attributable to ARC Document Solutions, Inc. shareholders:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic	$	0.05		 	$	0.01		 	$	0.16		 	$	0.13		
Diluted	$	0.05		 	$	0.01		 	$	0.15		 	$	0.13		
Weighted average common shares outstanding:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic	44,983		 	45,834		 	44,888		 	45,756		
Diluted	45,188		 	46,342		 	44,993		 	46,335		

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal sources of cash have been cash flows from operations and borrowings under our debt and lease agreements. Our recent historical uses of cash have been for ongoing operations, payment of principal and interest on outstanding debt obligations, capital expenditures and stock repurchases.
Total cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2018 , was $18.4 million . Of this amount, $12.0 million was held in foreign countries, with $10.2 million held in China. Repatriation of some of our cash and cash equivalents in foreign countries could be subject to delay for local country approvals and could have potential adverse tax consequences. As a result of holding cash and cash equivalents outside of the U.S., our financial flexibility may be reduced.
Supplemental information pertaining to our historical sources and uses of cash is presented as follows and should be read in conjunction with our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and notes thereto included elsewhere in this report.

	
								
 	Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,	
(In thousands)	2018	 	2017	
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	30,062		 	$	36,756		
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(9,907	)	 	$	(6,780	)	
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(28,961	)	 	$	(29,343	)	

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Operating Activities
Cash flows from operations are primarily driven by sales and net profit generated from these sales, excluding non-cash charges.
The decrease in cash flows from operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 was primarily due to the timing of sales and the related collection of those receivables, as well as increased employee medical costs in the current year. Days sales outstanding (“DSO”) was 56  days as of September 30, 2018 and 55 as of September 30, 2017 . We expect to collect on the sales recognized during the third quarter, but not yet collected as of September 30, 2018 , during the fourth quarter. Employee medical costs increased approximately $3.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was primarily related to capital expenditures. We incurred capital expenditures totaling $10.5 million and $7.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. The change in capital expenditures is driven primarily by the timing of equipment purchases, and whether such equipment is leased or purchased with available cash. Also contributing to the increase in investing activities in 2018 were capital expenditures related to leasehold improvements. As we continue to foster our relationships with credit providers to obtain attractive lease rates, we struck a more balanced approach in 2018 in regards to leased versus purchased equipment.
Financing Activities
Net cash of $29.0 million used in financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily relates to payments on our debt agreements and capital leases. We amended our Credit Agreement in the third quarter of 2017 resulting in a decrease in required quarterly principal payments on our term loan debt. In addition, the amendment increased the maximum aggregate principal amount of revolving loans from $30.0 million to $80.0 million, and resized the outstanding principal amount of the term loan under the agreement at $60.0 million, although the total principal amount outstanding remained unchanged at $110.0 million on the date of the amendment. Prior to the amendment, we paid down the principal of our term loan debt by making required quarterly payments in advance. Following the amendment, we continue to pay down the outstanding revolving loans under our Credit Agreement.
Our cash position, working capital, and debt obligations as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are shown below and should be read in conjunction with our interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and notes thereto contained elsewhere in this report.

	
								
(In thousands)	September 30, 2018	 	December 31, 2017	
Cash and cash equivalents	$	18,404		 	$	28,059		
Working capital	$	35,676		 	$	39,583		
 	 	 	 	
Borrowings from credit agreement (1) (2)	$	84,395		 	$	99,243		
Other debt obligations	47,828		 	45,174		
Total debt obligations	$	132,223		 	$	144,417		
 
(1) Net of deferred financing fees of $0.6 million and $0.8 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively.
(2) Includes $30.6 million and $42.3 million of revolving loans outstanding under our Credit Agreement at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively.
The decrease of $3.9 million in working capital in 2018 was primarily due to the decline in cash and cash equivalents and offset ,in part, by an increase to accounts receivable. To manage our working capital, we chiefly focus on our DSO and monitor the aging of our accounts receivable, as receivables are the most significant element of our working capital.
We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents balance of $18.4 million , availability under our revolving credit facility, availability under our equipment lease lines, and cash flows provided by operations should be adequate to cover the next twelve months of working capital needs, debt service requirements consisting of scheduled principal and interest payments, and planned capital expenditures, to the extent such items are known or are reasonably determinable based on current business and market conditions. See “Debt Obligations” section for further information related to our revolving credit facility.
We generate the majority of our revenue from sales of services and products to the AEC/O industry. As a result, our operating results and financial condition can be significantly affected by economic factors that influence the AEC/O industry, such as non-

25

residential and residential construction spending. Additionally, a general economic downturn may adversely affect the ability of our customers and suppliers to obtain financing for significant operations and purchases, and to perform their obligations under their agreements with us. We believe that credit constraints in the financial markets could result in a decrease in, or cancellation of, existing business, could limit new business, and could negatively affect our ability to collect our accounts receivable on a timely basis.
While we have not been actively seeking growth through acquisition, the executive team continues to selectively evaluate potential acquisitions.
Debt Obligations

Credit Agreement
On July 14, 2017, we amended our credit agreement ("Credit Agreement"), which was originally entered into on November 20, 2014 with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto.
Prior to being amended, the Credit Agreement provided for the extension of term loans (“Term Loans”) in an aggregate principal amount of  $175.0 million . In addition, prior to being amended, the Credit Agreement provided for the extension of revolving loans (“Revolving Loans”) in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $30.0 million . The amendment increased the maximum aggregate principal amount of Revolving Loans under the agreement from $30.0 million to $80.0 million and reduced the outstanding principal amount of the Term Loan under the agreement to $60.0 million. Upon the execution of the amendment to the Credit Agreement, the total principal amount outstanding under the agreement remained unchanged at $110.0 million. As a result of the amendment to the Credit Agreement, the principal of the Term Loan amortizes at an annual rate of 7.5% during the first and second years following the date of the amendment and at an annual rate of 10% during the third, fourth and fifth years following the date of the amendment, with any remaining balance payable upon the maturity date. The amendment also extended the maturity date for both the Revolving Loans and the Term Loans until July 14, 2022.
As of September 30, 2018 , our borrowing availability under the $80.0 million Revolving Loan commitment was $47.2 million , after deducting outstanding letters of credit of $2.2 million and outstanding Revolving Loans of $30.6 million . In November 2018, we reduced the $80.0 million Revolving Loan commitment by $15.0 million, which reduced our borrowing availability to $32.2 million.

Loans borrowed under the Credit Agreement bear interest, in the case of LIBOR rate loans, at a per annum rate equal to the applicable LIBOR rate, plus a margin ranging from 1.25% to 2.25% , based on our Total Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement). Loans borrowed under the Credit Agreement that are not LIBOR rate loans bear interest at a per annum rate equal to (i) the greatest of (A) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50% , (B) the one month LIBOR rate plus 1.00% , per annum, and (C) the rate of interest announced, from time to time, by Wells Fargo Bank, National Association as its “prime rate,” plus (ii) a margin ranging from 0.25% to 1.25% , based on our Total Leverage Ratio. The amendment reduced the rate of interest payable on the loans borrowed under the Credit Agreement by 0.25% .

Subject to certain exceptions, including in certain circumstances, reinvestment rights, the loans extended under the Credit Agreement are subject to customary mandatory prepayment provisions with respect to: the net proceeds from certain asset sales; the net proceeds from certain issuances or incurrences of debt (other than debt permitted to be incurred under the terms of the Credit Agreement); the net proceeds from certain issuances of equity securities; and net proceeds of certain insurance recoveries and condemnation events.

The Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, subject to limitations and exceptions, and customary covenants restricting the ability (subject to various exceptions) of us and our subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness (including guarantee obligations); incur liens; sell certain property or assets; engage in mergers or other fundamental changes; consummate acquisitions; make investments; pay dividends, other distributions or repurchase equity interest of us or our subsidiaries; change the nature of their business; prepay or amend certain indebtedness; engage in certain transactions with affiliates; amend our organizational documents; or enter into certain restrictive agreements. In addition, the Credit Agreement contains financial covenants which requires us to maintain (i) at all times, a Total Leverage Ratio in an amount not to exceed 3.25 to 1.00; and (ii) a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement), as of the last day of each fiscal quarter, an amount not less than 1.15 to 1.00. We were in compliance with our covenants as of September 30, 2018 and are currently forecasted to remain in compliance with our covenants for the remainder of the term of the Credit Agreement.

The Credit Agreement contains customary events of default, including with respect to: nonpayment of principal, interest, fees or other amounts; failure to perform or observe covenants; material inaccuracy of a representation or warranty when made; cross-

26

default to other material indebtedness; bankruptcy, insolvency and dissolution events; inability to pay debts; monetary judgment defaults; actual or asserted invalidity or impairment of any definitive loan documentation, repudiation of guaranties or subordination terms; certain ERISA related events; or a change of control.

The obligations of our subsidiary that is the borrower under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by us and each of our other United States domestic subsidiaries. The Credit Agreement and any interest rate protection and other hedging arrangements provided by any lender party to the Credit Facility or any affiliate of such a lender are secured on a first priority basis by a perfected security interest in substantially all of our and each guarantor’s assets (subject to certain exceptions).
Capital Leases
As of September 30, 2018 , we had $47.8 million of capital lease obligations outstanding, with a weighted average interest rate of 4.6% and maturities between 2018 and 2023.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of September 30, 2018 , we did not have any off-balance-sheet arrangements as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K.
Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments
Operating Leases. We have entered into various non-cancelable operating leases primarily related to facilities, equipment and vehicles used in the ordinary course of business.

Legal Proceedings. We are involved in various legal proceedings and other legal matters from time to time in the normal course of business. We do not believe that the outcome of any of these matters will have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Critical Accounting Policies

Critical accounting policies are those accounting policies that we believe are important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results and require our most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K includes a description of certain critical accounting policies, including those with respect to goodwill, revenue recognition, and income taxes. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies described in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Goodwill Impairment
In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, we assess goodwill for impairment annually as of September 30, and more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. At September 30, 2018, the Company performed its assessment and determined that goodwill was not impaired.

At September 30, 2017, our goodwill impairment analysis showed one reporting unit with goodwill attributed to it had a carrying amount which exceeded its fair value. Our underperformance relative to our forecast in the third quarter of 2017, and more specifically, our underperformance against forecast of one of our reporting units which previously had goodwill impairment in 2016 drove the decline in the fair value of the reporting unit. As a result, we recorded a pretax, non-cash charge for the three months ended September 30, 2017 to reduce the carrying value of goodwill by $17.6 million.
Goodwill impairment testing is performed at the reporting unit level. Goodwill is assigned to reporting units at the date the goodwill is initially recorded. Once goodwill has been assigned to reporting units, it no longer retains its association with a particular acquisition, and all of the activities within a reporting unit, whether acquired or internally generated, are available to support the value of the goodwill.

We determine the fair value of our reporting units using an income approach. Under the income approach, we determined fair value based on estimated discounted future cash flows of each reporting unit. Determining the fair value of a reporting unit is judgmental in nature and requires the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including revenue growth rates and EBITDA margins, discount rates and future market conditions, among others.

Traditionally, goodwill impairment testing is a two-step process. Step one involves comparing the fair value of the reporting units to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit is greater than zero and its fair value is greater than its carrying

27

amount, there is no impairment. If the reporting unit’s carrying amount is greater than the fair value, the second step must be completed to measure the amount of impairment, if any. Step two involves calculating an implied fair value of goodwill. For our annual goodwill impairment test as of September 30, 2017, we elected to early-adopt ASU 2017-04 which simplifies subsequent goodwill measurement by eliminating step two from the goodwill impairment test. As a result, we compared the fair value of a reporting unit with its respective carrying value, and recognized an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeded the reporting unit’s fair value.

The results of the latest annual goodwill impairment test, as of September 30, 2018, were as follows:

	
							
(Dollars in thousands)	Number of
Reporting
Units	 	Representing
Goodwill of	
No goodwill balance	6		 	$	—		
Fair value of reporting units exceeds their carrying values by more than 100%	2		 	121,051		
 	8		 	$	121,051		
Based upon a sensitivity analysis, a reduction of approximately 50 basis points of projected EBITDA in 2019 and beyond, assuming all other assumptions remain constant, would result in no further impairment of goodwill.
Based upon a separate sensitivity analysis, a 50 basis point increase to the weighted average cost of capital would result in no further impairment of goodwill.
Given the changing document and printing needs of our customers and the uncertainties regarding the effect on our business, there can be no assurance that the estimates and assumptions made for purposes of our goodwill impairment testing in 2018 will prove to be accurate predictions of the future. If our assumptions, including forecasted EBITDA of certain reporting units, are not achieved, we may be required to record additional goodwill impairment charges in future periods, whether in connection with our next annual impairment testing in the third quarter of 2019, or on an interim basis, if any such change constitutes a triggering event (as defined under ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other ) outside of the quarter when we regularly perform our annual goodwill impairment test. It is not possible at this time to determine if any such future impairment charge would result or, if it does, whether such charge would be material.
Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect temporary differences between the amount of assets and liabilities for financial and tax reporting purposes. Such amounts are adjusted, as appropriate, to reflect changes in tax rates expected to be in effect when the temporary differences reverse. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Changes in tax laws or accounting standards and methods may affect recorded deferred taxes in future periods.

In accordance with ASC 740-10, Income Taxes , we evaluate the need for deferred tax asset valuation allowances based on a more likely than not standard. The ability to realize deferred tax assets depends on the ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryback or carryforward periods provided for in the tax law for each applicable tax jurisdiction. We consider the following possible sources of taxable income when assessing the realization of deferred tax assets:

•	Future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences;	
		
•	Future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards;	
		
•	Taxable income in prior carryback years; and	
		
•	Tax-planning strategies.	

The assessment regarding whether a valuation allowance is required or should be adjusted also considers all available positive and negative evidence factors, including but not limited to:

•	Nature, frequency, and severity of recent losses;	
		
•	Duration of statutory carryforward periods;	
		
•	Historical experience with tax attributes expiring unused; and	
		
•	Near- and medium-term financial outlook.	

28

It is difficult to conclude a valuation allowance is not required when there is significant objective and verifiable negative evidence, such as cumulative losses in recent years. We utilize a rolling three years of actual and current year anticipated results as the primary measure of cumulative income/losses in recent years, as adjusted for permanent differences. The evaluation of deferred tax assets requires judgment in assessing the likely future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns and future profitability.

Our accounting for deferred tax consequences represents our best estimate of those future events. Changes in our current estimates, due to unanticipated events or otherwise, could have a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations. We had a $2.4 million valuation allowance against certain deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2018 .
Our gross deferred tax assets remain available to us for use in future years until they fully expire, which based on forecasted continuing profitability, we estimate that it is more likely than not that future earnings will be sufficient to realize certain of our deferred tax assets. In future quarters we will continue to evaluate our historical results for the preceding twelve quarters and our future projections to determine whether we will generate sufficient taxable income to utilize our deferred tax assets, and whether a partial or full valuation allowance is required.
We calculate our current and deferred tax provision based on estimates and assumptions that could differ from the actual results reflected in income tax returns filed in subsequent years. Adjustments based on filed returns are recorded when identified.
Income taxes have not been provided on certain undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries because such earnings are considered to be permanently reinvested. 
The amount of taxable income or loss we report to the various tax jurisdictions is subject to ongoing audits by federal, state and foreign tax authorities. Our estimate of the potential outcome of any uncertain tax issue is subject to management’s assessment of relevant risks, facts, and circumstances existing at that time. We use a more-likely-than-not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. We record a liability for the difference between the benefit recognized and measured and tax position taken or expected to be taken on our tax return. To the extent that our assessment of such tax positions changes, the change in estimate is recorded in the period in which the determination is made. We had no unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2018 . We report tax-related interest and penalties as a component of income tax expense.
For further information regarding the accounting policies that we believe to be critical accounting policies and that affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in preparing our interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, see our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 1, “Description of Business and Basis of Presentation” to our interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for disclosure on recent accounting pronouncements and the adoption of Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) on January 1, 2018.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our primary exposure to market risk is interest rate risk associated with our debt instruments. We use both fixed and variable rate debt as sources of financing. Borrowings under our Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate equal to an applicable margin plus a variable rate. As such, the Credit Agreement exposes us to market risk for changes in interest rates.

As of September 30, 2018 , we had $132.8 million of total debt and capital lease obligations, of which approximately 36% was at a fixed rate, with the remainder at variable rates. Given our outstanding indebtedness at September 30, 2018 , the effect of a 100 basis point increase in LIBOR on our interest expense would be approximately $0.9 million annually.

Although we have international operating entities, our exposure to foreign currency rate fluctuations is not significant to our financial condition or results of operations.

29

Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act are recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of  September 30, 2018 . Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of September 30, 2018 , our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes to internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2018 , that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

30

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are involved in various additional legal proceedings and other legal matters from time to time in the normal course of business. We do not believe that the outcome of any of these matters will have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Information concerning certain risks and uncertainties appears in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 . You should carefully consider those risks and uncertainties, which could materially affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 .

Item 6. Exhibits

	
			
Exhibit
Number	 	Description	
 	 	 	
31.1	 	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*	
 	 	
31.2	 	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*	
 	 	
32.1	 	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*	
 	 	
32.2	 	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*	
 	 	
101.INS	 	XBRL Instance Document *	
 	 	
101.SCH	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema *	
 	 	
101.CAL	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase *	
 	 	
101.DEF	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase *	
 	 	
101.LAB	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase *	
 	 	
101.PRE	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase *	

		
*	Filed herewith	

31

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Date: November 7, 2018

	
	
ARC DOCUMENT SOLUTIONS, INC.	
 	
/s/ KUMARAKULASINGAM SURIYAKUMAR	
Kumarakulasingam Suriyakumar	
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer	
 	
/s/ JORGE AVALOS	
Jorge Avalos	
Chief Financial Officer	

32

EXHIBIT INDEX

	
			
Exhibit
Number	 	Description	
 	 	
31.1	 	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*	
 	 	
31.2	 	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*	
 	 	
32.1	 	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*	
 	 	
32.2	 	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*	
 	 	
101.INS	 	XBRL Instance Document *	
 	 	
101.SCH	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema *	
 	 	
101.CAL	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase *	
 	 	
101.DEF	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase *	
 	 	
101.LAB	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase *	
 	 	
101.PRE	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase *	

	
		
*	Filed herewith	

33

Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO RULE 13A-14(A) AND RULE 15D-14(A)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Kumarakulasingam Suriyakumar, certify that:
		
1.	I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of ARC Document Solutions, Inc.;	
		
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;	
		
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;	
		
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:	
		
a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;	
		
b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;	
		
c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and	
		
d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and	
		
5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):	
		
a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and	
		
b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal controls over financial reporting.	

Date: November 7, 2018

	
	
/s/ KUMARAKULASINGAM SURIYAKUMAR	
Kumarakulasingam Suriyakumar	
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)	

Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO RULE 13A-14(A) AND RULE 15D-14(A)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Jorge Avalos, certify that:
		
1.	I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of ARC Document Solutions, Inc.;	
		
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;	
		
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;	
		
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:	
		
a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;	
		
b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;	
		
c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and	
		
d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and	
		
5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):	
		
a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and	
		
b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal controls over financial reporting.	

Date: November 7, 2018

	
	
/s/ JORGE AVALOS	
Jorge Avalos	
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)	

Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Kumarakulasingam Suriyakumar, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Quarterly Report of ARC Document Solutions, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2018 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in such report fairly presents in all material respects the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: November 7, 2018

	
	
/s/ KUMARAKULASINGAM SURIYAKUMAR	
Kumarakulasingam Suriyakumar	
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)	

Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Jorge Avalos, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Quarterly Report of ARC Document Solutions, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2018 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in such report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: November 7, 2018

	
	
/s/ JORGE AVALOS	
Jorge Avalos	
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)