Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial information has been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP") and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The condensed consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2016 was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. The condensed consolidated financial information should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 filed with the SEC on February 23, 2017.
In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial information includes all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the Company's financial position, results of operations, comprehensive loss and cash flows for the interim periods, but is not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Our estimates include the useful lives of our property and equipment and other lease related assets and liabilities and the collectability of our accounts receivable. We also use estimates in stock-based compensation, income taxes, business combinations and accrued liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Risks and Uncertainties
Inherent in our business are various risks and uncertainties, including our limited history of operating our business at its current scale and development of advanced technologies in a rapidly changing industry. These risks include our ability to manage our growth and our ability to attract new customers and expand sales to existing customers, as well as other risks and uncertainties. In the event that we do not successfully implement our business plan, certain assets may not be recoverable, certain liabilities may not be paid and investments in our capital stock may not be recoverable. Our success depends upon the acceptance of our technology, development of sales and distribution channels and our ability to generate significant revenues from the sale of our technology.
Segments
We follow the authoritative literature that established annual and interim reporting standards for an enterprise's operating segments and related disclosures about its products and services, geographic regions and major customers.
We operate our business as one operating segment. Our chief operating decision makers are our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, who review financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance and allocating resources.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. We extend credit to customers based upon an evaluation of the customer's financial condition. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, no individual customer accounted for 10% or more of total accounts receivable. For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, no individual customer represented 10% or more of our total revenues.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2016-09 related to stock-based compensation. The guidance, which simplifies the accounting and presentation for share-based payments, provides for a number of amendments that impact the accounting for income taxes and the accounting for forfeitures. We adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2017. Upon adoption, we recognized all of the previously unrecognized excess tax benefits related to stock awards using the modified retrospective transition method. These excess tax benefits, recognized upon adoption, were recorded as a deferred tax asset, which was then fully offset by our U.S. federal and state deferred tax asset valuation allowance resulting in no impact to our accumulative deficit. Without the valuation allowance, our deferred tax asset would have increased by $180.9 million. Immediately prior to adoption, we had no unrecognized excess tax benefits related to stock awards in jurisdictions outside the United States. All future excess tax benefits resulting from the settlement of stock awards will be recorded to income tax expense.
Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-09, excess tax benefits related to stock awards were required to be presented as an inflow from financing activities and an outflow from operating activities on the statement of cash flows. Under the new standard, all tax related cash flows resulting from share-based payments are reported as operating activities. We adopted the new requirement retrospectively, and for the three months ended March 31, 2016, this resulted in an increase to net cash provided by operating activities of $0.2 million and a corresponding decrease to net cash provided by (used in) financing activities of $0.2 million.
Also, as part of the adoption of the standard, we made the policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur. Using the modified retrospective adoption method, we recognized a $0.4 million cumulative-effect increase to our accumulated deficit for previously estimated forfeitures.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not yet Adopted
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09 related to revenue recognition. Since the issuance of ASU 2014-09, the FASB has also issued ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-12 and ASU 2016-20, all of which clarify certain aspects of ASU 2014-09. The new standard will change the way we recognize revenue, including the identification of contractual performance obligations and the allocation of transaction price, to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers at the amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. We currently expect to adopt this standard on January 1, 2018 on a modified retrospective basis.
The new standard will impact the timing of revenue recognition related to our on-premises term license agreements. Under existing guidance we recognize revenue related to on-premises term license agreements ratably over the term of the licensing agreement. However, under the new standard we expect that revenue allocable to the license portion of the arrangement will be recognized upon delivery of the license. Maintenance revenue related to on-premises term license agreements will continue to be recognized ratably over the term of the licensing agreement. The new standard may also impact our determination of standalone selling prices, which could impact the allocation of transaction price to each performance obligation, thereby impacting the timing of revenue recognition depending on when each performance obligation is recognized. The impacts to the timing of revenue recognition will also affect our deferred revenue balance. The new standard also requires the capitalization of certain incremental costs of obtaining a contract. This new requirement will impact the period in which we record our sales commissions expense.
The new standard will impact our internal control environment, including our financial statement disclosure controls, our business process controls and enhancements necessary to update our business systems. Our evaluation of the new standard will extend into future periods and we will update our disclosures, including the expected impacts of the new standard, as we progress towards the adoption date.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 related to lease accounting. The new guidance will require lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for operating leases that do not meet the definition of a short-term lease. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018 and requires modified retrospective transition. Early adoption is permitted. Under the new standard we anticipate that our current real estate leases will continue to be classified as operating leases and a significant amount of our currently outstanding operating lease commitments will be recorded to the balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability. Our evaluation of the new standard will extend into future periods and we will update our disclosures, including the expected impacts of the new standard, as we progress towards the required adoption date.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, simplifying the accounting for goodwill impairment. The new guidance removes step two of the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. ASU 2017-04 is effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and may be adopted early for any interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. We currently expect to adopt this standard in 2017 as part of our annual impairment testing performed in the third quarter. We do not believe that this standard will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.