MASTERCARD INC, 10-Q filed on 7/30/2020
Quarterly Report
v3.20.2
Cover - shares
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Jul. 27, 2020
Document Type 10-Q  
Document Quarterly Report true  
Document Period End Date Jun. 30, 2020  
Document Transition Report false  
Entity File Number 001-32877  
Entity Registrant Name Mastercard Incorporated  
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code DE  
Entity Tax Identification Number 13-4172551  
Entity Address, Address Line One 2000 Purchase Street  
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 10577  
Entity Address, City or Town Purchase,  
Entity Address, State or Province NY  
City Area Code 914  
Local Phone Number 249-2000  
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes  
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes  
Entity Filer Category Large Accelerated Filer  
Entity Small Business false  
Entity Emerging Growth Company false  
Entity Shell Company false  
Entity Central Index Key 0001141391  
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31  
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2020  
Document Fiscal Period Focus Q2  
Amendment Flag false  
Class A Common Stock    
Title of 12(b) Security Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share  
Trading Symbol MA  
Security Exchange Name NYSE  
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   992,535,773
Class B Common Stock    
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   8,525,104
1.1% Notes due 2022    
Title of 12(b) Security 1.1% Notes due 2022  
Trading Symbol MA22  
Security Exchange Name NYSE  
2.1% Notes due 2027    
Title of 12(b) Security 2.1% Notes due 2027  
Trading Symbol MA27  
Security Exchange Name NYSE  
2.5% Notes due 2030    
Title of 12(b) Security 2.5% Notes due 2030  
Trading Symbol MA30  
Security Exchange Name NYSE  
v3.20.2
Consolidated Statement of Operations - USD ($)
shares in Millions, $ in Millions
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2020
Jun. 30, 2019
Income Statement [Abstract]        
Net Revenue $ 3,335 $ 4,113 $ 7,344 $ 8,002
Operating Expenses        
General and administrative 1,368 1,369 2,862 2,736
Advertising and marketing 93 225 247 417
Depreciation and amortization 145 122 289 239
Provision for litigation 22 0 28 0
Total operating expenses 1,628 1,716 3,426 3,392
Operating income 1,707 2,397 3,918 4,610
Other Income (Expense)        
Investment income 8 24 24 51
Gains (losses) on equity investments, net 75 143 (99) 148
Interest expense (101) (51) (170) (97)
Other income (expense), net 1 6 4 10
Total other income (expense) (17) 122 (241) 112
Income before income taxes 1,690 2,519 3,677 4,722
Income tax expense 270 471 564 812
Net Income $ 1,420 $ 2,048 $ 3,113 $ 3,910
Basic Earnings per Share $ 1.41 $ 2.01 $ 3.10 $ 3.82
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding 1,004 1,020 1,005 1,023
Diluted Earnings per Share $ 1.41 $ 2.00 $ 3.08 $ 3.80
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding 1,008 1,025 1,009 1,028
v3.20.2
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2020
Jun. 30, 2019
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]        
Net Income $ 1,420 $ 2,048 $ 3,113 $ 3,910
Other comprehensive income (loss):        
Foreign currency translation adjustments 36 (34) (245) (23)
Income tax effect 15 0 29 3
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of income tax effect 51 (34) (216) (20)
Translation adjustments on net investment hedge (29) (28) (9) 8
Income tax effect 6 6 2 (2)
Translation adjustments on net investment hedge, net of income tax effect (23) (22) (7) 6
Cash flow hedges 1 0 (188) 0
Income tax effect 3 0 42 0
Cash flow hedges, net of income tax effect 4 0 (146) 0
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans (1) (1) (1) (1)
Income tax effect 0 0 0 0
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans, net of income tax effect (1) (1) (1) (1)
Investment securities available-for-sale 4 0 (3) 4
Income tax effect (2) 0 0 (1)
Investment securities available-for-sale, net of income tax effect 2 0 (3) 3
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 33 (57) (373) (12)
Comprehensive Income $ 1,453 $ 1,991 $ 2,740 $ 3,898
v3.20.2
Consolidated Balance Sheet - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Jun. 30, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Assets    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 11,137 $ 6,988
Restricted cash for litigation settlement 587 584
Investments 390 688
Accounts receivable 2,147 2,514
Settlement due from customers 1,782 2,995
Restricted security deposits held for customers 1,548 1,370
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 1,790 1,763
Total current assets 19,381 16,902
Property, equipment and right-of-use assets, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $1,224 and $1,100, respectively 1,872 1,828
Deferred income taxes 573 543
Goodwill 4,081 4,021
Other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $1,352 and $1,296, respectively 1,480 1,417
Other assets 4,740 4,525
Total Assets 32,127 29,236
Liabilities, Redeemable Non-controlling Interests and Equity    
Accounts payable 369 489
Settlement due to customers 1,527 2,714
Restricted security deposits held for customers 1,548 1,370
Accrued litigation 853 914
Accrued expenses 4,530 5,489
Other current liabilities 1,096 928
Total current liabilities 9,923 11,904
Long-term debt 12,498 8,527
Deferred income taxes 83 85
Other liabilities 3,075 2,729
Total Liabilities 25,579 23,245
Commitments and Contingencies
Redeemable Non-controlling Interests 50 74
Stockholders’ Equity    
Additional paid-in-capital 4,832 4,787
Class A treasury stock, at cost, 399 and 395 shares, respectively (33,604) (32,205)
Retained earnings 36,288 33,984
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (1,046) (673)
Mastercard Incorporated Stockholders' Equity 6,470 5,893
Non-controlling interests 28 24
Total Equity 6,498 5,917
Total Liabilities, Redeemable Non-controlling Interests and Equity 32,127 29,236
Class A Common Stock    
Stockholders’ Equity    
Common stock 0 0
Class B Common Stock    
Stockholders’ Equity    
Common stock $ 0 $ 0
v3.20.2
Consolidated Balance Sheet (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Jun. 30, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Property, plant and equipment, accumulated depreciation and amortization $ 1,224 $ 1,100
Other intangible assets, accumulated amortization $ 1,352 $ 1,296
Class A treasury stock, shares 399,000,000 395,000,000
Class A Common Stock    
Common stock, par value $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001
Common stock, authorized 3,000,000,000 3,000,000,000
Common stock, issued 1,394,000,000 1,391,000,000
Common stock, outstanding 995,000,000 996,000,000
Class B Common Stock    
Common stock, par value $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001
Common stock, authorized 1,200,000,000 1,200,000,000
Common stock, issued 9,000,000 11,000,000
Common stock, outstanding 9,000,000 11,000,000
v3.20.2
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Total
Common Stock
Class A
Common Stock
Class B
Additional Paid-In Capital
Class A Treasury Stock
Retained Earnings
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Mastercard Incorporated Stockholders’ Equity
Non- Controlling Interests
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2018 $ 5,418 $ 0 $ 0 $ 4,580 $ (25,750) $ 27,283 $ (718) $ 5,395 $ 23
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                  
Net income 3,910         3,910   3,910  
Activity related to non-controlling interests 4               4
Redeemable non-controlling interest adjustments (4)         (4)   (4)  
Other comprehensive income (loss) (12)           (12) (12)  
Dividends (672)         (672)   (672)  
Purchases of treasury stock (3,710)       (3,710)     (3,710)  
Share-based payments 101     95 6     101  
Balance at end of period at Jun. 30, 2019 5,035 0 0 4,675 (29,454) 30,517 (730) 5,008 27
Balance at beginning of period at Mar. 31, 2019 5,190 0 0 4,569 (27,534) 28,806 (673) 5,168 22
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                  
Net income 2,048         2,048   2,048  
Activity related to non-controlling interests 5               5
Redeemable non-controlling interest adjustments (2)         (2)   (2)  
Other comprehensive income (loss) (57)           (57) (57)  
Dividends (335)         (335)   (335)  
Purchases of treasury stock (1,920)       (1,920)     (1,920)  
Share-based payments 106     106 0     106  
Balance at end of period at Jun. 30, 2019 5,035 0 0 4,675 (29,454) 30,517 (730) 5,008 27
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2019 5,917 0 0 4,787 (32,205) 33,984 (673) 5,893 24
Balance at end of period at Mar. 31, 2020 5,423 0 0 4,735 (33,531) 35,273 (1,079) 5,398 25
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2019 5,917 0 0 4,787 (32,205) 33,984 (673) 5,893 24
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                  
Net income 3,113         3,113   3,113  
Activity related to non-controlling interests 4               4
Redeemable non-controlling interest adjustments (5)         (5)   (5)  
Other comprehensive income (loss) (373)           (373) (373)  
Dividends (804)         (804)   (804)  
Purchases of treasury stock (1,405)       (1,405)     (1,405)  
Share-based payments 51     45 6     51  
Balance at end of period at Jun. 30, 2020 6,498 0 0 4,832 (33,604) 36,288 (1,046) 6,470 28
Balance at beginning of period at Mar. 31, 2020 5,423 0 0 4,735 (33,531) 35,273 (1,079) 5,398 25
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]                  
Net income 1,420         1,420   1,420  
Activity related to non-controlling interests 3               3
Redeemable non-controlling interest adjustments (3)         (3)   (3)  
Other comprehensive income (loss) 33           33 33  
Dividends (402)         (402)   (402)  
Purchases of treasury stock (75)       (75)     (75)  
Share-based payments 99     97 2     99  
Balance at end of period at Jun. 30, 2020 $ 6,498 $ 0 $ 0 $ 4,832 $ (33,604) $ 36,288 $ (1,046) $ 6,470 $ 28
v3.20.2
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows - USD ($)
$ in Millions
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Jun. 30, 2019
Operating Activities    
Net income $ 3,113 $ 3,910
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:    
Amortization of customer and merchant incentives 468 623
Depreciation and amortization 289 239
(Gains) losses on equity investments, net 99 (148)
Share-based compensation 127 130
Deferred income taxes 29 65
Other (32) 12
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:    
Accounts receivable 299 (327)
Settlement due from customers 1,213 903
Prepaid expenses (679) (1,015)
Accrued litigation and legal settlements (61) (641)
Restricted security deposits held for customers 178 (19)
Accounts payable (82) (105)
Settlement due to customers (1,187) (858)
Accrued expenses (855) (13)
Net change in other assets and liabilities 398 92
Net cash provided by operating activities 3,317 2,848
Investing Activities    
Purchases of investment securities available-for-sale (78) (386)
Purchases of investments held-to-maturity (82) (124)
Proceeds from sales of investment securities available-for-sale 256 935
Proceeds from maturities of investment securities available-for-sale 100 219
Proceeds from maturities of investments held-to-maturity 84 237
Purchases of property and equipment (201) (174)
Capitalized software (191) (150)
Purchases of equity investments (150) (386)
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired (183) (723)
Settlement of interest rate derivative contracts (175) 0
Other investing activities (6) (2)
Net cash used in investing activities (626) (554)
Financing Activities    
Purchases of treasury stock (1,383) (3,741)
Dividends paid (804) (677)
Proceeds from debt, net 3,959 1,980
Payment of debt 0 (500)
Contingent consideration paid 0 (199)
Tax withholdings related to share-based payments (141) (120)
Cash proceeds from exercise of stock options 65 91
Other financing activities (5) 6
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 1,691 (3,160)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents (49) (26)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents 4,333 (892)
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents - beginning of period 8,969 8,337
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents - end of period $ 13,302 $ 7,445
v3.20.2
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Organization
Mastercard Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries, including Mastercard International Incorporated (“Mastercard International” and together with Mastercard Incorporated, “Mastercard” or the “Company”), is a technology company in the global payments industry that connects consumers, financial institutions, merchants, governments, digital partners, businesses and other organizations worldwide, enabling them to use electronic forms of payment instead of cash and checks.
Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Mastercard and its majority-owned and controlled entities, including any variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Investments in VIEs for which the Company is not considered the primary beneficiary are not consolidated and are accounted for as equity method or measurement alternative method investments and recorded in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were no significant VIEs which required consolidation and the investments were not considered material to the consolidated financial statements. The Company consolidates acquisitions as of the date in which the Company has obtained a controlling financial interest. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2020 presentation. The Company follows accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).
The balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2019. The consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and as of June 30, 2020 are unaudited, and in the opinion of management, include all normal recurring adjustments that are necessary to present fairly the results for interim periods. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) requirements for Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Reference should be made to the Mastercard Incorporated Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 for additional disclosures, including a summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies.
Use of estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Future events and their effects cannot be predicted with certainty, including the potential impacts and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as other factors; accordingly, accounting estimates require the exercise of judgment. These financial statements were prepared using information reasonably available as of June 30, 2020 and through the date of this Report. The accounting estimates used in the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements may change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained and as the Company’s operating environment changes. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, net losses from non-controlling interests were not material and, as a result, amounts are included in the consolidated statement of operations within other income (expense).
Accounting pronouncements not yet adopted
Simplifying the accounting for income taxes - In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued accounting guidance to simplify the accounting for income taxes. This guidance includes the removal of certain exceptions to the general income tax accounting principles and provides clarity and simplification to other areas of income tax accounting by amending the existing guidance. The guidance is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company expects to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2021 and is in the process of evaluating the potential effects this will have on its consolidated financial statements.
Reference Rate Reform - In March 2020, the FASB issued accounting guidance to provide temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the current contract modifications and hedge accounting guidance in light of the expected market transition from LIBOR to alternative rates.  The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions to transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met.  The transactions primarily include (1) contract modifications, (2) hedging relationships, and (3) sale or transfer of debt securities classified as held-to-maturity.  The amendments were effective immediately upon issuance of the update.  Companies may elect to adopt the amendments prospectively to transactions existing as of or entered from the date of adoption through December 31, 2022. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impacted contracts, and the potential effects this will have on its consolidated financial statements.
v3.20.2
Acquisitions
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Business Combinations [Abstract]  
Business Combination Disclosure Acquisitions
Businesses Acquired
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company acquired businesses for $185 million in cash. The Company is evaluating and finalizing the purchase accounting for these acquisitions. The Company’s preliminary estimate of net assets acquired has been recorded primarily as intangible assets, including goodwill of $140 million that is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to arise after the acquisition dates. The majority of the goodwill is not expected to be deductible for local tax purposes. Refer to Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, for the valuation techniques Mastercard utilizes to fair value the respective components of business combinations.
In 2019, the Company acquired several businesses in separate transactions for total consideration of $1.5 billion. As of June 30, 2020, the Company finalized the purchase accounting for certain businesses acquired during 2019 for total consideration of $783 million with no material adjustments from the preliminary estimated fair values. For the preliminary estimated fair values of the purchase price allocations, as of the acquisition dates, refer to Note 2 (Acquisitions) to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Pending Acquisitions
In June 2020, Mastercard entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Finicity Corporation (“Finicity”) for $825 million, subject to adjustments for cash and certain other liabilities at closing. Finicity’s existing shareholders have the potential to receive an earn-out of up to an additional $160 million, if certain performance targets are met. The pending acquisition is expected to enhance and expand the Company’s existing open banking platform by providing real-time access to financial data and insights. Subject to satisfying certain closing conditions, including expiration or termination of the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, the transaction is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2020.
In August 2019, Mastercard entered into a definitive agreement to acquire the majority of the Corporate Services business of Nets Denmark A/S for €2.85 billion (approximately $3.21 billion as of June 30, 2020), subject to adjustments for cash and certain other liabilities at closing. The pending acquisition primarily comprises the clearing and instant payment services, and e-billing solutions of Nets Denmark A/S’s Corporate Services business. The Company anticipates completing the acquisition in the third quarter of 2020 subject to regulatory approval and other customary closing conditions.
v3.20.2
Revenue
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue Revenue
The Company’s disaggregated net revenue by source and geographic region were as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
 
(in millions)
Revenue by source:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic assessments
 
$
1,474

 
$
1,680

 
$
3,157

 
$
3,285

Cross-border volume fees
 
637

 
1,374

 
1,854

 
2,637

Transaction processing
 
1,901

 
2,053

 
4,101

 
3,975

Other revenues
 
1,081

 
962

 
2,143

 
1,804

Gross revenue
 
5,093

 
6,069

 
11,255

 
11,701

Rebates and incentives (contra-revenue)
 
(1,758
)
 
(1,956
)
 
(3,911
)
 
(3,699
)
Net revenue
 
$
3,335

 
$
4,113

 
$
7,344

 
$
8,002

Net revenue by geographic region:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North American Markets
 
$
1,243

 
$
1,430

 
$
2,577

 
$
2,777

International Markets
 
2,042

 
2,629

 
4,675

 
5,135

Other 1
 
50

 
54

 
92

 
90

Net revenue
 
$
3,335

 
$
4,113

 
$
7,344

 
$
8,002

1 
Includes revenues managed by corporate functions.
Receivables from contracts with customers of $2.0 billion and $2.3 billion at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, are recorded within accounts receivable on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company’s customers are generally billed weekly, however the frequency is dependent upon the nature of the performance obligation and the underlying contractual terms. The Company does not typically offer extended payment terms to customers.
Contract assets are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets on the consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2020 in the amounts of $42 million and $177 million, respectively. The comparable amounts included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets at December 31, 2019 were $48 million and $152 million, respectively.
Deferred revenue is included in other current liabilities and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2020 in the amounts of $376 million and $176 million, respectively. The comparable amounts included in other current liabilities and other liabilities at December 31, 2019 were $238 million and $106 million, respectively. Revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $206 million and $395 million and $182 million and $367 million, respectively.
v3.20.2
Earnings Per Share
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Earnings Per Share Earnings Per Share
The components of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) for common shares were as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
 
(in millions, except per share data)
Numerator
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
1,420

 
$
2,048

 
$
3,113

 
$
3,910

Denominator
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding
 
1,004

 
1,020

 
1,005

 
1,023

Dilutive stock options and stock units
 
4

 
5

 
4

 
5

Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding 1
 
1,008

 
1,025

 
1,009

 
1,028

Earnings per Share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
1.41

 
$
2.01

 
$
3.10

 
$
3.82

Diluted
 
$
1.41

 
$
2.00

 
$
3.08

 
$
3.80


1 
For the periods presented, the calculation of diluted EPS excluded a minimal amount of anti-dilutive share-based payment awards.
v3.20.2
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]  
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents reported on the consolidated balance sheet that total to the amounts shown on the consolidated statement of cash flows.
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
(in millions)
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
6,988

 
$
6,682

Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
Restricted cash for litigation settlement
 
584

 
553

Restricted security deposits held for customers
 
1,370

 
1,080

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
27

 
22

Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents - beginning of period
 
$
8,969

 
$
8,337

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30,
 
 
2020
 
2019
 
 
(in millions)
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
11,137

 
$
5,691

Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
Restricted cash for litigation settlement
 
587

 
662

Restricted security deposits held for customers
 
1,548

 
1,061

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
30

 
31

Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents - end of period
 
$
13,302

 
$
7,445


v3.20.2
Investments
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Investments Investments
The Company’s investments on the consolidated balance sheet include both available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities (see Investments section below). The Company classifies its investments in equity securities of publicly traded and privately held companies within other assets on the consolidated balance sheet (see Equity Investments section below).
Investments
Investments on the consolidated balance sheet consisted of the following:
 
 
June 30,
2020
 
December 31,
2019
 
 
(in millions)
Available-for-sale securities
 
$
312

 
$
591

Held-to-maturity securities
 
78

 
97

Total investments
 
$
390

 
$
688


Available-for-Sale-Securities
The major classes of the Company’s available-for-sale investment securities and their respective amortized cost basis and fair values were as follows:
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gain
 
Gross
Unrealized
Loss
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gain
 
Gross
Unrealized
Loss
 
Fair
Value
 
 
(in millions)
Municipal securities
 
$
14

 
$

 
$

 
$
14

 
$
15

 
$

 
$

 
$
15

Government and agency securities
 
15

 

 

 
15

 
108

 

 

 
108

Corporate securities
 
254

 

 
(1
)
 
253

 
381

 
1

 

 
382

Asset-backed securities
 
30

 

 

 
30

 
85

 
1

 

 
86

Total
 
$
313

 
$

 
$
(1
)
 
$
312

 
$
589

 
$
2

 
$

 
$
591


The Company’s available-for-sale investment securities held at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 primarily carried a credit rating of A- or better with unrealized gains and losses recorded as a separate component of other comprehensive income (loss) on the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. The municipal securities are comprised of state tax-exempt bonds and are diversified across states and sectors. Government and agency securities include U.S. government bonds, U.S. government sponsored agency bonds and foreign government bonds with similar credit quality to that of the U.S. government bonds. Corporate securities are comprised of commercial paper and corporate bonds. The asset-backed securities are investments in bonds which are collateralized primarily by automobile loan receivables.
The maturity distribution based on the contractual terms of the Company’s investment securities at June 30, 2020 was as follows:
 
 
Available-For-Sale
 
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
 
 
(in millions)
Due within 1 year
 
$
116

 
$
116

Due after 1 year through 5 years
 
197

 
196

Total
 
$
313

 
$
312


Investment income on the consolidated statement of operations primarily consists of interest income generated from cash, cash equivalents, time deposits, and realized gains and losses on the Company’s debt securities. The realized gains and losses from the sales of available-for-sale securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were not significant.
Held-to-Maturity Securities
The Company classifies time deposits with maturities greater than three months but less than one year as held-to-maturity. Time deposits are carried at amortized cost on the consolidated balance sheet and are intended to be held until maturity. The cost of these securities approximates fair value.
Equity Investments
Included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet are equity investments with readily determinable fair values (“Marketable securities”) and equity investments without readily determinable fair values (“Nonmarketable securities”). Marketable securities are publicly traded companies and are measured using unadjusted quoted prices in their respective active markets. Nonmarketable securities that do not qualify for equity method accounting are measured at cost, less any impairment and adjusted for changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investments of the same issuer (“measurement alternative”).
The following table is a summary of the activity related to the Company’s equity investments:
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2019
 
Purchases (Sales), net
 
Changes in Fair Value 1
 
Other 2
 
Balance at June 30, 2020
 
 
(in millions)
Marketable securities
 
$
479

 
$

 
$
(101
)
 
$
(21
)
 
$
357

Nonmarketable securities
 
435

 
150

 
2

 
14

 
601

Total equity investments
 
$
914

 
$
150

 
$
(99
)
 
$
(7
)
 
$
958

1 
Recorded in gains (losses) on equity investments, net on the consolidated statement of operations
2 
Includes translational impact of currency
At June 30, 2020, the total carrying value of Nonmarketable securities included $478 million of measurement alternative investments and $123 million of equity method investments. At December 31, 2019, the total carrying value of Nonmarketable securities included $317 million of measurement alternative investments and $118 million of equity method investments. Cumulative impairments and downward fair value adjustments on measurement alternative investments were $14 million and cumulative upward fair value adjustments were $69 million as of June 30, 2020.
v3.20.2
Fair Value Measurements
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Financial Instruments, Financial Liabilities, Balance Sheet Groupings [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurements
The Company classifies its fair value measurements of financial instruments into a three-level hierarchy (the “Valuation Hierarchy”). Financial instruments are categorized for fair value measurement purposes as recurring or non-recurring in nature. There were no transfers made among the three levels in the Valuation Hierarchy for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.
Financial Instruments - Recurring Measurements
The distribution of the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis within the Valuation Hierarchy were as follows:
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Total
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Total
 
 
(in millions)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available for sale 1:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Municipal securities
 
$

 
$
14

 
$

 
$
14

 
$

 
$
15

 
$

 
$
15

Government and agency securities
 

 
15

 

 
15

 
66

 
42

 

 
108

Corporate securities
 

 
253

 

 
253

 

 
382

 

 
382

Asset-backed securities
 

 
30

 

 
30

 

 
86

 

 
86

Derivative instruments 2:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 

 
49

 

 
49

 

 
12

 

 
12

Interest rate contracts
 

 

 

 

 

 
14

 

 
14

Marketable securities 3:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities
 
357

 

 

 
357

 
479

 

 

 
479

Deferred compensation plan 4:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred compensation assets
 
69

 

 

 
69

 
67

 

 

 
67

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments 2:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange derivative liabilities
 
$

 
$
(14
)
 
$

 
$
(14
)
 
$

 
$
(32
)
 
$

 
$
(32
)
Deferred compensation plan 5:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred compensation liabilities
 
(70
)
 

 

 
(70
)
 
(67
)
 

 

 
(67
)
1 
The Company’s U.S. government securities are classified within Level 1 of the Valuation Hierarchy as the fair values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in active markets. The fair value of the Company’s available-for-sale municipal securities, non-U.S. government and agency securities, corporate securities and asset-backed securities are based on observable inputs such as quoted prices, benchmark yields and issuer spreads for similar assets in active markets and are therefore included in Level 2 of the Valuation Hierarchy.
2 
The Company’s foreign exchange and interest rate derivative asset and liability contracts have been classified within Level 2 of the Valuation Hierarchy as the fair value is based on observable inputs such as broker quotes relating to foreign exchange and interest rates for similar derivative instruments. See Note 17 (Derivative and Hedging Instruments) for further details.
3 
The Company’s Marketable securities are publicly held and classified within Level 1 of the Valuation Hierarchy as the fair values are based on unadjusted quoted prices in their respective active markets.
4 
The Company has a nonqualified deferred compensation plan where assets are invested primarily in mutual funds held in a rabbi trust, which is restricted for payments to participants of the plan. The Company has elected to use the fair value option for these mutual funds, which are measured using quoted prices of identical instruments in active markets and are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheet.
5 
The deferred compensation liabilities are measured at fair value based on the quoted prices of identical instruments to the investment vehicles selected by the participants. These are included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.
Financial Instruments - Non-Recurring Measurements
Nonmarketable Securities
The Company’s Nonmarketable securities are recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis in periods after initial recognition under the equity method or measurement alternative method. Nonmarketable securities are classified within Level 3 of the Valuation Hierarchy due to the absence of quoted market prices, the inherent lack of liquidity and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value that require management’s judgment. The Company uses discounted cash flows and market assumptions to estimate the fair value of its Nonmarketable securities when certain events or circumstances indicate that impairment may exist. See Note 6 (Investments) for further details.
Debt
The Company estimates the fair value of its long-term debt based on quoted market prices. These debt securities are classified as Level 2 of the Valuation Hierarchy as they are not traded in active markets. At June 30, 2020, the carrying value and fair value of total long-term debt was $12.5 billion and $14.4 billion, respectively. At December 31, 2019, the carrying value and fair value of long-term debt was $8.5 billion and $9.2 billion, respectively.
Other Financial Instruments
Certain other financial instruments are carried on the consolidated balance sheet at cost or amortized cost basis, which approximates fair value due to their short-term, highly liquid nature. These instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, time deposits, accounts receivable, settlement due from customers, restricted security deposits held for customers, accounts payable, settlement due to customers and other accrued liabilities.
v3.20.2
Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Prepaid Expense and Other Assets [Abstract]  
Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:
 
 
June 30,
2020
 
December 31,
2019
 
 
(in millions)
Customer and merchant incentives
 
$
950

 
$
872

Prepaid income taxes
 
79

 
105

Other
 
761

 
786

Total prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
$
1,790

 
$
1,763


Other assets consisted of the following:
 
 
June 30,
2020
 
December 31,
2019
 
 
(in millions)
Customer and merchant incentives
 
$
2,943

 
$
2,838

Equity investments
 
958

 
914

Income taxes receivable
 
486

 
460

Other
 
353

 
313

Total other assets
 
$
4,740

 
$
4,525


Customer and merchant incentives represent payments made to customers and merchants under business agreements. Costs directly related to entering into such an agreement are generally deferred and amortized over the life of the agreement.
v3.20.2
Accrued Expenses
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Accrued Liabilities, Current [Abstract]  
Accrued Expenses and Accrued Litigation Accrued Expenses and Accrued Litigation
Accrued expenses consisted of the following:
 
 
June 30,
2020
 
December 31,
2019
 
 
(in millions)
Customer and merchant incentives
 
$
3,315

 
$
3,892

Personnel costs
 
435

 
713

Income and other taxes
 
300

 
332

Other
 
480

 
552

Total accrued expenses
 
$
4,530

 
$
5,489


Customer and merchant incentives represent amounts to be paid to customers under business agreements. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company’s provision for litigation was $853 million and $914 million, respectively. These amounts are not included in the accrued expenses table above and are separately reported as accrued litigation on the consolidated balance sheet. See Note 15 (Legal and Regulatory Proceedings) for additional information regarding the Company’s accrued litigation.
v3.20.2
Debt (Notes)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Debt [Abstract]  
Debt Debt
Long-term debt consisted of the following:
 
 
 
 
 
June 30,
2020
 
December 31,
2019
 
Effective
Interest Rate
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
 
 
2020 USD Notes
 
3.300
%
Senior Notes due March 2027
 
$
1,000

 
$

 
3.420
%
 
 
3.350
%
Senior Notes due March 2030
 
1,500

 

 
3.430
%
 
 
3.850
%
Senior Notes due March 2050
 
1,500

 

 
3.896
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2019 USD Notes
 
2.950
%
Senior Notes due June 2029
 
1,000

 
1,000

 
3.030
%
 
 
3.650
%
Senior Notes due June 2049
 
1,000

 
1,000

 
3.689
%
 
 
2.000
%
Senior Notes due March 2025
 
750

 
750

 
2.147
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2018 USD Notes
 
3.500
%
Senior Notes due February 2028
 
500

 
500

 
3.598
%
 
 
3.950
%
Senior Notes due February 2048
 
500

 
500

 
3.990
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2016 USD Notes
 
2.000
%
Senior Notes due November 2021
 
650

 
650

 
2.236
%
 
 
2.950
%
Senior Notes due November 2026
 
750

 
750

 
3.044
%
 
 
3.800
%
Senior Notes due November 2046
 
600

 
600

 
3.893
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2015 Euro Notes 1
 
1.100
%
Senior Notes due December 2022
 
788

 
785

 
1.265
%
 
 
2.100
%
Senior Notes due December 2027
 
900

 
896

 
2.189
%
 
 
2.500
%
Senior Notes due December 2030
 
169

 
169

 
2.562
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2014 USD Notes
 
3.375
%
Senior Notes due April 2024
 
1,000

 
1,000

 
3.484
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12,607

 
8,600

 
 
Less: Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs
(109
)
 
(73
)
 
 
Long-term debt
$
12,498

 
$
8,527

 
 
1 
Relates to euro-denominated debt issuance of €1.650 billion in December 2015
In March 2020, the Company issued $1 billion principal amount of notes due March 2027, $1.5 billion principal amount of notes due March 2030 and $1.5 billion principal amount notes due March 2050 (collectively the “2020 USD Notes”). The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2020 USD Notes, after deducting the original issue discount, underwriting discount and offering expenses, were $3.959 billion.
The outstanding debt described above is not subject to any financial covenants and it may be redeemed in whole, or in part, at the Company’s option at any time for a specified make-whole amount. These notes are senior unsecured obligations and would rank equally with any future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. The proceeds of the notes are to be used for general corporate purposes.
v3.20.2
Stockholders' Equity
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Equity [Abstract]  
Stockholders' Equity Stockholders' Equity
The Company declared quarterly cash dividends on its Class A and Class B Common Stock during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 as summarized below: 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
 
(in millions, except per share data)
Dividends declared per share
 
$
0.40

 
$
0.33

 
$
0.80

 
$
0.66

Total dividends declared
 
$
402

 
$
335

 
$
804

 
$
672


The Company’s Board of Directors has approved share repurchase programs authorizing the Company to repurchase shares of its Class A Common Stock. These programs become effective after the completion of the previously authorized share repurchase program.
The following table summarizes the Company’s share repurchase authorizations of its Class A common stock through June 30, 2020, as well as historical purchases:
Board authorization dates
 
December 2019
 
December
2018
 
December
2017
 
 
Date program became effective
 
January 2020
 
January
2019
 
March
2018
 
Total
 
 
(in millions, except average price data)
Board authorization
 
$
8,000

 
$
6,500

 
$
4,000

 
$
18,500

Dollar value of shares repurchased during the six months ended June 30, 2019
 
$

 
$
3,440

 
$
301

 
$
3,741

Remaining authorization at December 31, 2019
 
$
8,000

 
$
304

 
$

 
$
8,304

Dollar value of shares repurchased during the six months ended June 30, 2020
 
$
1,079

 
$
304

 
$

 
$
1,383

Remaining authorization at June 30, 2020
 
$
6,921

 
$

 
$

 
$
6,921

Shares repurchased during the six months ended June 30, 2019
 

 
14.8

 
1.6

 
16.4

Average price paid per share during the six months ended June 30, 2019
 
$

 
$
232.42

 
$
188.38

 
$
228.13

Shares repurchased during the six months ended June 30, 2020
 
3.7

 
1.0

 

 
4.7

Average price paid per share during the six months ended June 30, 2020
 
$
290.86

 
$
304.89

 
$

 
$
293.83

Cumulative shares repurchased through June 30, 2020
 
3.7

 
25.8

 
20.6

 
50.1

Cumulative average price paid per share
 
$
290.86

 
$
251.72

 
$
194.27

 
$
231.02


The following table presents the changes in the Company’s outstanding Class A and Class B common stock for the six months ended June 30, 2020:
 
 
Outstanding Shares
 
 
Class A
 
Class B
 
 
(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2019
 
996.0

 
11.2

Purchases of treasury stock
 
(4.7
)
 

Share-based payments
 
1.8

 

Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock
 
2.0

 
(2.0
)
Balance at June 30, 2020
 
995.1

 
9.2


v3.20.2
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]  
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The changes in the balances of each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:
 
 
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments 1
 
Translation Adjustments on Net Investment Hedge 2
 
Cash Flow Hedges 3
 
Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans
 
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale 4
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
 
(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2019
 
$
(638
)
 
$
(38
)
 
$
11

 
$
(9
)
 
$
1

 
$
(673
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
(216
)
 
(7
)
 
(146
)
 
(1
)
 
(3
)
 
(373
)
Balance at June 30, 2020
 
$
(854
)
 
$
(45
)
 
$
(135
)
 
$
(10
)
 
$
(2
)
 
$
(1,046
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2018
 
$
(661
)
 
$
(66
)
 
$

 
$
10

 
$
(1
)
 
$
(718
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
(20
)
 
6

 

 
(1
)
 
3

 
(12
)
Balance at June 30, 2019
 
$
(681
)
 
$
(60
)
 
$

 
$
9

 
$
2


$
(730
)

1 
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the increase in the accumulated other comprehensive loss related to foreign currency translation adjustments was driven primarily by the depreciation of the British pound and Brazilian real, partially offset by the appreciation of the euro. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the increase in the accumulated other comprehensive loss related to foreign currency translation adjustments was driven primarily by the depreciation of the euro and British pound.
2 
The Company uses foreign currency denominated debt to hedge a portion of its net investment in foreign operations against adverse movements in exchange rates. Changes in the value of the debt are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the increase in the accumulated other comprehensive loss related to the net investment hedge was driven by the appreciation of the euro. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the decrease in the accumulated other comprehensive loss related to the net investment hedge was driven by the depreciation of the euro. See Note 17 (Derivative and Hedging Instruments) for additional information.
3 
In the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company entered into treasury rate locks which are accounted for as cash flow hedges. In the first quarter of 2020, in connection with the issuance of the 2020 USD Notes, these contracts were settled and the Company recorded a loss of $175 million, or $150 million net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). As of June 30, 2020, the cumulative loss will be reclassified as an adjustment to interest expense over the respective terms of the 2020 USD Notes. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, reclassifications to interest expense were not material. See Note 17 (Derivative and Hedging Instruments) for additional information.
4 
During the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, gains and losses on available-for-sale investment securities, reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to investment income, were not material. See Note 6 (Investments) for additional information.
v3.20.2
Share-Based Payments
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Additional Disclosure [Abstract]  
Share-Based Payments Share-Based Payments
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company granted the following awards under the Mastercard Incorporated 2006 Long Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated as of June 5, 2012 (the “LTIP”). The LTIP is a stockholder-approved plan that permits the grant of various types of equity awards to employees.
 
 
Grants in 2020
 
Weighted-Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
 
 
(in millions)
 
(per option/unit)
Non-qualified stock options
 
0.4
 
$55
Restricted stock units
 
0.8
 
$286
Performance stock units
 
0.2
 
$291

The Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the grant-date fair value of stock options and calculated the expected life and the expected volatility based on historical Mastercard information. The expected life of stock options granted in 2020 was estimated to be six years, while the expected volatility was determined to be 19.3%. Stock options generally vest in four equal annual installments beginning one year after the date of grant and expire ten years from the date of grant.
The fair value of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) is determined and fixed on the grant date based on the Company’s Class A common stock price, adjusted for the exclusion of dividend equivalents. For awards granted on or after March 1, 2020, shares underlying the RSUs will generally vest in four equal annual installments beginning one year after the date of grant. For awards issued prior to March 1, 2020, shares underlying the RSUs will generally vest three years from the date of grant.
The Company used the Monte Carlo simulation valuation model to determine the grant-date fair value of performance stock units (“PSUs”) granted. Shares underlying the PSUs will vest after three years from the date of grant. For all PSUs granted on or after March 1, 2019, shares issuable upon vesting are subject to a mandatory one-year deferral period, during which vested PSUs are eligible for dividend equivalents.
Compensation expense is recorded net of estimated forfeitures over the shorter of the vesting period or the date the individual becomes eligible to retire under the LTIP. The Company uses the straight-line method of attribution over the requisite service period for expensing equity awards.
v3.20.2
Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The effective income tax rates were 16.0% and 15.4% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, versus 18.7% and 17.2%, respectively, for the comparable periods in 2019. The lower effective income tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, versus the comparable periods in 2019, were primarily due to a more favorable geographic mix of earnings.
The Company is subject to tax in the United States, Belgium, Singapore, the United Kingdom and various other foreign jurisdictions, as well as state and local jurisdictions. Uncertain tax positions are reviewed on an ongoing basis and are adjusted after considering facts and circumstances, including progress of tax audits, developments in case law and closing of statutes of limitation. Within the next twelve months, the Company believes that the resolution of certain federal, foreign and state and local examinations is reasonably possible and that a change in estimate, reducing unrecognized tax benefits, may occur. While such a change may be significant, it is not possible to provide a range of the potential change until the examinations progress further or the related statutes of limitation expire. The Company has effectively settled its U.S. federal income tax obligations through 2011. With limited exception, the Company is no longer subject to state and local or foreign examinations by tax authorities for years before 2010.
As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the amount of the unrecognized tax benefit was $389 million and $203 million, respectively. These amounts, if recognized, would reduce the effective income tax rate. The Company’s unrecognized tax benefits increased primarily due to a prior year tax issue resulting from a refund claim filed in the second quarter of 2020.
v3.20.2
Legal and Regulatory Proceedings
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Legal and Regulatory Proceedings [Abstract]  
Legal and Regulatory Proceedings Legal and Regulatory Proceedings
Mastercard is a party to legal and regulatory proceedings with respect to a variety of matters in the ordinary course of business.  Some of these proceedings are based on complex claims involving substantial uncertainties and unascertainable damages.  Accordingly, except as discussed below, it is not possible to determine the probability of loss or estimate damages, and therefore, Mastercard has not established reserves for any of these proceedings. When the Company determines that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable, Mastercard records a liability and discloses the amount of the liability if it is material. When a material loss contingency is only reasonably possible, Mastercard does not record a liability, but instead discloses the nature and the amount of the claim, and an estimate of the loss or range of loss, if such an estimate can be made. Unless otherwise stated below with respect to these matters, Mastercard cannot provide an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss based on one or more of the following reasons: (1) actual or potential plaintiffs have not claimed an amount of monetary damages or the amounts are unsupportable or exaggerated, (2) the matters are in early stages, (3) there is uncertainty as to the outcome of pending appeals or motions, (4) there are significant factual issues to be resolved, (5) the existence in many such proceedings of multiple defendants or potential defendants whose share of any potential financial responsibility has yet to be determined and/or (6) there are novel legal issues presented. Furthermore, except as identified with respect to the matters below, Mastercard does not believe that the outcome of any individual existing legal or regulatory proceeding to which it is a party will have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial condition or overall business. However, an adverse judgment or other outcome or settlement with respect to any proceedings discussed below could result in fines or payments by Mastercard and/or could require Mastercard to change its business practices. In addition, an adverse outcome in a regulatory proceeding could lead to the filing of civil damage claims and possibly result in significant damage awards. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on Mastercard’s results of operations, financial condition and overall business.
Interchange Litigation and Regulatory Proceedings
Mastercard’s interchange fees and other practices are subject to regulatory, legal review and/or challenges in a number of jurisdictions, including the proceedings described below. When taken as a whole, the resulting decisions, regulations and legislation with respect to interchange fees and acceptance practices may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s prospects for future growth and its overall results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
United States. In June 2005, the first of a series of complaints were filed on behalf of merchants (the majority of the complaints were styled as class actions, although a few complaints were filed on behalf of individual merchant plaintiffs) against Mastercard International, Visa U.S.A., Inc., Visa International Service Association and a number of financial institutions. Taken together, the claims in the complaints were generally brought under both Sections 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act, which prohibit monopolization and attempts or conspiracies to monopolize a particular industry, and some of these complaints contain unfair competition law claims under state law. The complaints allege, among other things, that Mastercard, Visa, and certain financial institutions conspired to set the price of interchange fees, enacted point of sale acceptance rules (including the no surcharge rule) in violation of antitrust laws and engaged in unlawful tying and bundling of certain products and services. The cases were consolidated for pre-trial proceedings in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York in MDL No. 1720. The plaintiffs filed a consolidated class action complaint that seeks treble damages.
In July 2006, the group of purported merchant class plaintiffs filed a supplemental complaint alleging that Mastercard’s initial public offering of its Class A Common Stock in May 2006 (the “IPO”) and certain purported agreements entered into between Mastercard and financial institutions in connection with the IPO: (1) violate U.S. antitrust laws and (2) constituted a fraudulent conveyance because the financial institutions allegedly attempted to release, without adequate consideration, Mastercard’s right to assess them for Mastercard’s litigation liabilities. The class plaintiffs sought treble damages and injunctive relief including, but not limited to, an order reversing and unwinding the IPO.
In February 2011, Mastercard and Mastercard International entered into each of: (1) an omnibus judgment sharing and settlement sharing agreement with Visa Inc., Visa U.S.A. Inc. and Visa International Service Association and a number of financial institutions; and (2) a Mastercard settlement and judgment sharing agreement with a number of financial institutions.  The agreements provide for the apportionment of certain costs and liabilities which Mastercard, the Visa parties and the financial institutions may incur, jointly and/or severally, in the event of an adverse judgment or settlement of one or all of the cases in the merchant litigations. Among a number of scenarios addressed by the agreements, in the event of a global settlement involving the Visa parties, the financial institutions and Mastercard, Mastercard would pay 12% of the monetary portion of the settlement. In the event of a settlement involving only Mastercard and the financial institutions with respect to their issuance of Mastercard cards, Mastercard would pay 36% of the monetary portion of such settlement. 
In October 2012, the parties entered into a definitive settlement agreement with respect to the merchant class litigation (including with respect to the claims related to the IPO) and the defendants separately entered into a settlement agreement with the individual merchant plaintiffs. The settlements included cash payments that were apportioned among the defendants pursuant to the omnibus judgment sharing and settlement sharing agreement described above. Mastercard also agreed to provide class members with a short-term reduction in default credit interchange rates and to modify certain of its business practices, including its “no surcharge” rule. The court granted final approval of the settlement in December 2013, and objectors to the settlement appealed that decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. In June 2016, the court of appeals vacated the class action certification, reversed the settlement approval and sent the case back to the district court for further proceedings. The court of appeals’ ruling was based primarily on whether the merchants were adequately represented by counsel in the settlement. As a result of the appellate court ruling, the district court divided the merchants’ claims into two separate classes - monetary damages claims (the “Damages Class”) and claims seeking changes to business practices (the “Rules Relief Class”). The court appointed separate counsel for each class.
In September 2018, the parties to the Damages Class litigation entered into a class settlement agreement to resolve the Damages Class claims. Mastercard increased its reserve by $237 million during 2018 to reflect both its expected financial obligation under the Damages Class settlement agreement and the filed and anticipated opt-out merchant cases. The time period during which Damages Class members were permitted to opt out of the class settlement agreement ended in July 2019 with merchants representing slightly more than 25% of the Damages Class interchange volume choosing to opt out of the settlement. The district court granted final approval of the settlement in December 2019. The district court’s settlement approval order has been appealed. Mastercard has commenced settlement negotiations with a number of the opt-out merchants and has reached settlements and/or agreements in principle to settle a number of these claims. The Damages Class settlement agreement does not relate to the Rules Relief Class claims. Separate settlement negotiations with the Rules Relief Class are ongoing.
As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, Mastercard had accrued a liability of $831 million and $914 million, respectively, as a reserve for both the Damages Class litigation and the opt-out merchant cases. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, Mastercard had $587 million and $584 million, respectively, in a qualified cash settlement fund related to the Damages Class litigation and classified as restricted cash on its consolidated balance sheet.
The reserve as of June 30, 2020 for both the Damages Class litigation and the opt-out merchants represents Mastercard’s best estimate of its probable liabilities in these matters. The portion of the accrued liability relating to both the opt-out merchants and the Damages Class litigation settlement does not represent an estimate of a loss, if any, if the matters were litigated to a final outcome. Mastercard cannot estimate the potential liability if that were to occur.
Canada. In December 2010, a proposed class action complaint was commenced against Mastercard in Quebec on behalf of Canadian merchants. The suit essentially repeated the allegations and arguments of a previously filed application by the Canadian Competition Bureau to the Canadian Competition Tribunal (dismissed in Mastercard’s favor) concerning certain Mastercard rules related to point-of-sale acceptance, including the “honor all cards” and “no surcharge” rules. The Quebec suit sought compensatory and punitive damages in unspecified amounts, as well as injunctive relief. In the first half of 2011, additional purported class action lawsuits were commenced in British Columbia and Ontario against Mastercard, Visa and a number of large Canadian financial institutions. The British Columbia suit sought compensatory damages in unspecified amounts, and the Ontario suit sought compensatory damages of $5 billion on the basis of alleged conspiracy and various alleged breaches of the Canadian Competition Act. Additional purported class action complaints were commenced in Saskatchewan and Alberta with claims that largely mirror those in the other suits. In June 2017, Mastercard entered into a class settlement agreement to resolve all of the Canadian class action litigation. The settlement, which requires Mastercard to make a cash payment and modify its “no surcharge” rule, has received court approval in each Canadian province. Objectors to the settlement have sought to appeal the approval orders. Certain appellate courts have rejected the objectors’ appeals, while outstanding appeals remain in a few provinces.
Europe. Since May 2012, a number of United Kingdom (“U.K.”) retailers filed claims or threatened litigation against Mastercard seeking damages for alleged anti-competitive conduct with respect to Mastercard’s cross-border interchange fees and its U.K. and Ireland domestic interchange
fees (the “U.K. Merchant claimants”). In addition, Mastercard, has faced similar filed or threatened litigation by merchants with respect to interchange rates in other countries in Europe (the “Pan-European Merchant claimants”). In aggregate, the alleged damages claims from the U.K. and Pan-European Merchant claimants were in the amount of approximately £3 billion (approximately $4 billion as of June 30, 2020). Mastercard has resolved over £2 billion (approximately $3 billion as of June 30, 2020) of these damages claims through settlement or judgment.
In January 2017, Mastercard received a liability judgment in its favor on all significant matters in a separate action brought by ten of the U.K. Merchant claimants. Three of the U.K. Merchant claimants appealed the judgment, and these appeals were combined with Mastercard’s appeal of a 2016 judgment in favor of one U.K. merchant. In July 2018, the U.K. appellate court heard the appeals of the four merchant claimants and ruled against both Mastercard and Visa on two of the three legal issues being considered. The parties appealed the rulings to the U.K. Supreme Court. In June 2020, the U.K. Supreme Court ruled against Mastercard and Visa with respect to one of the liability issues being considered by the Court related to U.K. domestic interchange fees. Additionally, the U.K Supreme Court set out the legal standard that should be applied by lower trial courts with respect to determining whether interchange was exemptible under applicable law, and provided guidance to lower courts with regard to the legal standard that should be applied in assessing merchants’ damages claims. The U.K. Supreme Court sent one of the four merchant cases back to the trial court for a determination of liability and damages issues and sent the remaining three merchant cases back to the trial court for a determination of damages issues only. Mastercard expects to participate in a case management conference with the four merchant claimants during the second half of 2020, with the trials in these matters likely to be scheduled in 2021.
Mastercard continues to litigate with the remaining U.K. and Pan-European Merchant claimants and it has submitted statements of defense disputing liability and damages claims. The majority of these merchant claims generally had been stayed pending the decision of the U.K. Supreme Court, and have therefore not progressed with either liability or damages discovery. Mastercard incurred charges of $22 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020 to reflect both the estimated attorneys’ fees incurred by the four merchant claimants in the U.K. Supreme Court appeal, as well as agreements in principle to settle with a number of Pan-European merchants.
In September 2016, a proposed collective action was filed in the United Kingdom on behalf of U.K. consumers seeking damages for intra-EEA and domestic U.K. interchange fees that were allegedly passed on to consumers by merchants between 1992 and 2008. The complaint, which seeks to leverage the European Commission’s 2007 decision on intra-EEA interchange fees, claims damages in an amount that exceeds £14 billion (approximately $17 billion as of June 30, 2020). In July 2017, the trial court denied the plaintiffs’ application for the case to proceed as a collective action. In April 2019, the U.K. appellate court granted the plaintiffs’ appeal of the trial court’s decision and sent the case back to the trial court for a re-hearing on the plaintiffs’ collective action application. Mastercard was granted permission to appeal the appellate court ruling to the U.K. Supreme Court, which heard oral argument on that appeal in May 2020.
ATM Non-Discrimination Rule Surcharge Complaints
In October 2011, a trade association of independent Automated Teller Machine (“ATM”) operators and 13 independent ATM operators filed a complaint styled as a class action lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia against both Mastercard and Visa (the “ATM Operators Complaint”).  Plaintiffs seek to represent a class of non-bank operators of ATM terminals that operate in the United States with the discretion to determine the price of the ATM access fee for the terminals they operate. Plaintiffs allege that Mastercard and Visa have violated Section 1 of the Sherman Act by imposing rules that require ATM operators to charge non-discriminatory ATM surcharges for transactions processed over Mastercard’s and Visa’s respective networks that are not greater than the surcharge for transactions over other networks accepted at the same ATM.  Plaintiffs seek both injunctive and monetary relief equal to treble the damages they claim to have sustained as a result of the alleged violations and their costs of suit, including attorneys’ fees. 
Subsequently, multiple related complaints were filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia alleging both federal antitrust and multiple state unfair competition, consumer protection and common law claims against Mastercard and Visa on behalf of putative classes of users of ATM services (the “ATM Consumer Complaints”).  The claims in these actions largely mirror the allegations made in the ATM Operators Complaint, although these complaints seek damages on behalf of consumers of ATM services who pay allegedly inflated ATM fees at both bank and non-bank ATM operators as a result of the defendants’ ATM rules.  Plaintiffs seek both injunctive and monetary relief equal to treble the damages they claim to have sustained as a result of the alleged violations and their costs of suit, including attorneys’ fees. 
In January 2012, the plaintiffs in the ATM Operators Complaint and the ATM Consumer Complaints filed amended class action complaints that largely mirror their prior complaints. In February 2013, the district court granted Mastercard’s motion to dismiss the complaints for failure to state a claim. On appeal, the Court of Appeals reversed the district court’s order in August 2015 and sent the case back for further proceedings. In September 2019, the plaintiffs filed their motions for class certification in which the plaintiffs, in aggregate, allege over $1 billion in damages against all of the defendants. Mastercard intends to vigorously defend against both the plaintiffs’ liability and damages claims and has opposed class certification. Mastercard expects briefing on class certification to be completed in the second half of 2020.
U.S. Liability Shift Litigation
In March 2016, a proposed U.S. merchant class action complaint was filed in federal court in California alleging that Mastercard, Visa, American Express and Discover (the “Network Defendants”), EMVCo, and a number of issuing banks (the “Bank Defendants”) engaged in a conspiracy to shift fraud liability for card present transactions from issuing banks to merchants not yet in compliance with the standards for EMV chip cards in the United States (the “EMV Liability Shift”), in violation of the Sherman Act and California law.  Plaintiffs allege damages equal to the value of all chargebacks for which class members became liable as a result of the EMV Liability Shift on October 1, 2015. The plaintiffs seek treble
damages, attorney’s fees and costs and an injunction against future violations of governing law, and the defendants have filed a motion to dismiss. In September 2016, the court denied the Network Defendants’ motion to dismiss the complaint, but granted such a motion for EMVCo and the Bank Defendants. In May 2017, the court transferred the case to New York so that discovery could be coordinated with the U.S. merchant class interchange litigation described above. The plaintiffs have filed a renewed motion for class certification, following the district court’s denial of their initial motion.
Telephone Consumer Protection Class Action
Mastercard is a defendant in a Telephone Consumer Protection Act (“TCPA”) class action pending in Florida. The plaintiffs are individuals and businesses who allege that approximately 381,000 unsolicited faxes were sent to them advertising a Mastercard co-brand card issued by First Arkansas Bank (“FAB”). The TCPA provides for uncapped statutory damages of $500 per fax. Mastercard has asserted various defenses to the claims, and has notified FAB of an indemnity claim that it has (which FAB has disputed). In June 2018, the court granted Mastercard’s motion to stay the proceedings until the Federal Communications Commission makes a decision on the application of the TCPA to online fax services. In December 2019, the FCC issued a declaratory ruling clarifying that the TCPA does not apply to faxes sent to online fax services that are received via e-mail. As a result of the ruling, the stay of the litigation was lifted in January 2020. The parties have completed briefing plaintiff’s motion for class certification.
U.S. Federal Trade Commission Investigation
In June 2020, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission’s Bureau of Competition (“FTC”) informed Mastercard that it has initiated a formal investigation into compliance with the Durbin Amendment to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.  In particular, the investigation focuses on Mastercard’s compliance with the debit routing provisions of the Durbin Amendment.  The FTC has issued a subpoena and Mastercard is cooperating with it in the investigation.
v3.20.2
Settlement and Other Risk Management
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Settlement and Other Risk Management [Abstract]  
Settlement and Other Risk Management Settlement and Other Risk Management
Mastercard’s rules guarantee the settlement of many of the transactions between its customers (“settlement risk”). Settlement exposure is the settlement risk to customers under Mastercard’s rules due to the difference in timing between the payment transaction date and subsequent settlement. While the term and amount of the guarantee are unlimited, the duration of settlement exposure is short term and typically limited to a few days.
Gross settlement exposure is estimated using the average daily payment volume during the three months prior to period end multiplied by the estimated number of days of exposure. The Company has global risk management policies and procedures, which include risk standards, to provide a framework for managing the Company’s settlement risk and exposure. In the event of a failed customer, Mastercard may pursue one or more remedies available under the Company’s rules to recover potential losses. Historically, the Company has experienced a low level of losses from customer failures.
As part of its policies, Mastercard requires certain customers that are not in compliance with the Company’s risk standards to post collateral, such as cash, letters of credit, or guarantees. This requirement is based on a review of the individual risk circumstances for each customer. Mastercard monitors its credit risk portfolio on a regular basis and the adequacy of collateral on hand. Additionally, from time to time, the Company reviews its risk management methodology and standards and revises the estimated settlement exposure as necessary.
The Company’s estimated settlement exposure was as follows:
 
 
June 30,
2020
 
December 31,
2019
 
 
(in millions)
Gross settlement exposure
 
$
42,398

 
$
55,800

Collateral held for settlement exposure
 
(3,589
)
 
(4,772
)
Net uncollateralized settlement exposure
 
$
38,809

 
$
51,028


Mastercard also provides guarantees to customers and certain other counterparties indemnifying them from losses stemming from failures of third parties to perform duties. This includes guarantees of Mastercard-branded travelers cheques issued, but not yet cashed of $362 million and $367 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, of which $285 million and $290 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, is mitigated by collateral arrangements. In addition, the Company enters into agreements in the ordinary course of business under which the Company agrees to indemnify third parties against damages, losses and expenses incurred in connection with legal and other proceedings arising from relationships or transactions with the Company. Certain indemnifications do not provide a stated maximum exposure. As the extent of the Company’s obligations under these agreements depends entirely upon the occurrence of future events, the Company’s potential future liability under these agreements is not determinable. Historically, payments made by the Company under these types of contractual arrangements have not been material.
v3.20.2
Derivative and Hedging Instruments
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Foreign Currency Derivatives [Abstract]  
Foreign Exchange Risk Management Derivative and Hedging Instruments
The Company monitors and manages its foreign currency and interest rate exposures as part of its overall risk management program which focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to reduce the potentially adverse effects that the volatility of these markets may have on its operating results.  A primary objective of the Company’s risk management strategies is to reduce the financial impact that may arise from volatility in foreign currency exchange rates principally through the use of both foreign exchange derivative contracts (Derivatives) and foreign currency denominated debt (Net Investment Hedge). In addition, the Company may enter into interest rate derivative contracts to manage the effects of interest rate movements on the Company’s aggregate liability portfolio, including potential future debt issuances (Cash Flow Hedges).
Foreign Exchange Risk
Derivatives
The Company enters into foreign exchange derivative contracts to manage currency exposure associated with anticipated receipts and disbursements which are valued based on currencies other than the functional currency of the entity. The Company may also enter into foreign exchange derivative contracts to offset possible changes in value of assets and liabilities due to foreign exchange fluctuations. The objective of these activities is to reduce the Company’s exposure to gains and losses resulting from fluctuations of foreign currencies against its functional currencies.
The Company’s derivative contracts are summarized below:
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
Notional
 
Estimated Fair
Value
 
Notional
 
Estimated Fair
Value
 
 
(in millions)
Commitments to purchase foreign currency
 
$
705

 
$
20

 
$
185

 
$
3

Commitments to sell foreign currency
 
1,249

 
15

 
1,506

 
(25
)
Options to sell foreign currency
 

 

 
21

 
2

Balance sheet location
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 1
 
 
 
49

 
 
 
12

Other current liabilities 1
 
 
 
(14
)
 
 
 
(32
)

1 
The derivative contracts are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements, which contain various netting and setoff provisions.
The amount of gain (loss) recognized on the consolidated statement of operations for the contracts to purchase and sell foreign currency is summarized below: 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
 
(in millions)
Foreign exchange derivative contracts
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General and administrative
 
$
(24
)
 
$
(15
)
 
$
83

 
$
(20
)

The fair value of the foreign exchange derivative contracts generally reflects the estimated amounts that the Company would receive (or pay), on a pre-tax basis, to terminate the contracts. The terms of the foreign exchange derivative contracts are generally less than 18 months. The Company had no deferred gains or losses related to foreign exchange contracts in accumulated other comprehensive income as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, as these contracts were not designated as hedging instruments for accounting.
The Company’s derivative financial instruments are subject to both market and counterparty credit risk. Market risk is the potential for economic losses to be incurred on market risk sensitive instruments arising from adverse changes in market factors such as foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and other related variables. Counterparty credit risk is the risk of loss due to failure of the counterparty to perform its obligations in accordance with contractual terms. To mitigate counterparty credit risk, the Company enters into derivative contracts with a diversified group of selected financial institutions based upon their credit ratings and other factors. Generally, the Company does not obtain collateral related to derivatives because of the high credit ratings of the counterparties.
Net Investment Hedge
The Company uses foreign currency denominated debt to hedge a portion of its net investment in foreign operations against adverse movements in exchange rates, with changes in the value of the debt recorded within currency translation adjustment in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). In 2015, the Company designated its €1.65 billion euro-denominated debt as a net investment hedge for a portion of its net investment in European operations. As of June 30, 2020, the Company had a net foreign currency pre-tax loss of $93 million in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) associated with hedging activity.
Interest Rate Risk
Cash Flow Hedges
During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company entered into treasury rate locks for a total notional amount of $1 billion, which were accounted for as cash flow hedges. These contracts were entered into to hedge a portion of the Company’s interest rate exposure attributable to changes in the treasury rates related to the forecasted debt issuance during 2020. The maximum length of time over which the Company had hedged its exposure was 30 years. In connection with the issuance of the 2020 USD Notes, these contracts were settled and the Company paid $175 million. As of June 30, 2020, a cumulative loss of $135 million net of tax was recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) associated with these contracts and will be reclassified as an adjustment to interest expense over the respective terms of the 2020 USD Notes. As of December 31, 2019, the Company recorded a pre-tax net unrealized gain of $14 million in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) associated with these contracts.
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, reclassifications to interest expense were not material. The Company estimates that $6 million, pre-tax, of the deferred loss on cash flow derivative contracts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at June 30, 2020 will be reclassified into interest expense on the statement of operations within the next 12 months.
v3.20.2
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policy)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Organization
Organization
Mastercard Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries, including Mastercard International Incorporated (“Mastercard International” and together with Mastercard Incorporated, “Mastercard” or the “Company”), is a technology company in the global payments industry that connects consumers, financial institutions, merchants, governments, digital partners, businesses and other organizations worldwide, enabling them to use electronic forms of payment instead of cash and checks.
Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Mastercard and its majority-owned and controlled entities, including any variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Investments in VIEs for which the Company is not considered the primary beneficiary are not consolidated and are accounted for as equity method or measurement alternative method investments and recorded in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were no significant VIEs which required consolidation and the investments were not considered material to the consolidated financial statements. The Company consolidates acquisitions as of the date in which the Company has obtained a controlling financial interest. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2020 presentation. The Company follows accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).
The balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2019. The consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and as of June 30, 2020 are unaudited, and in the opinion of management, include all normal recurring adjustments that are necessary to present fairly the results for interim periods. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) requirements for Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Reference should be made to the Mastercard Incorporated Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 for additional disclosures, including a summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies.
Use of estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Future events and their effects cannot be predicted with certainty, including the potential impacts and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as other factors; accordingly, accounting estimates require the exercise of judgment. These financial statements were prepared using information reasonably available as of June 30, 2020 and through the date of this Report. The accounting estimates used in the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements may change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained and as the Company’s operating environment changes. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, net losses from non-controlling interests were not material and, as a result, amounts are included in the consolidated statement of operations within other income (expense).
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting pronouncements not yet adopted
Simplifying the accounting for income taxes - In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued accounting guidance to simplify the accounting for income taxes. This guidance includes the removal of certain exceptions to the general income tax accounting principles and provides clarity and simplification to other areas of income tax accounting by amending the existing guidance. The guidance is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company expects to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2021 and is in the process of evaluating the potential effects this will have on its consolidated financial statements.
Reference Rate Reform - In March 2020, the FASB issued accounting guidance to provide temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the current contract modifications and hedge accounting guidance in light of the expected market transition from LIBOR to alternative rates.  The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions to transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met.  The transactions primarily include (1) contract modifications, (2) hedging relationships, and (3) sale or transfer of debt securities classified as held-to-maturity.  The amendments were effective immediately upon issuance of the update.  Companies may elect to adopt the amendments prospectively to transactions existing as of or entered from the date of adoption through December 31, 2022. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impacted contracts, and the potential effects this will have on its consolidated financial statements.
v3.20.2
Revenue (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Disaggregation of Revenue
The Company’s disaggregated net revenue by source and geographic region were as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
 
(in millions)
Revenue by source:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic assessments
 
$
1,474

 
$
1,680

 
$
3,157

 
$
3,285

Cross-border volume fees
 
637

 
1,374

 
1,854

 
2,637

Transaction processing
 
1,901

 
2,053

 
4,101

 
3,975

Other revenues
 
1,081

 
962

 
2,143

 
1,804

Gross revenue
 
5,093

 
6,069

 
11,255

 
11,701

Rebates and incentives (contra-revenue)
 
(1,758
)
 
(1,956
)
 
(3,911
)
 
(3,699
)
Net revenue
 
$
3,335

 
$
4,113

 
$
7,344

 
$
8,002

Net revenue by geographic region:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North American Markets
 
$
1,243

 
$
1,430

 
$
2,577

 
$
2,777

International Markets
 
2,042

 
2,629

 
4,675

 
5,135

Other 1
 
50

 
54

 
92

 
90

Net revenue
 
$
3,335

 
$
4,113

 
$
7,344

 
$
8,002

1 
Includes revenues managed by corporate functions.
v3.20.2
Earnings Per Share (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Schedule of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share
The components of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) for common shares were as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
 
(in millions, except per share data)
Numerator
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
1,420

 
$
2,048

 
$
3,113

 
$
3,910

Denominator
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding
 
1,004

 
1,020

 
1,005

 
1,023

Dilutive stock options and stock units
 
4

 
5

 
4

 
5

Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding 1
 
1,008

 
1,025

 
1,009

 
1,028

Earnings per Share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
1.41

 
$
2.01

 
$
3.10

 
$
3.82

Diluted
 
$
1.41

 
$
2.00

 
$
3.08

 
$
3.80


1 
For the periods presented, the calculation of diluted EPS excluded a minimal amount of anti-dilutive share-based payment awards.
v3.20.2
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]  
Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents reported on the consolidated balance sheet that total to the amounts shown on the consolidated statement of cash flows.
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
(in millions)
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
6,988

 
$
6,682

Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
Restricted cash for litigation settlement
 
584

 
553

Restricted security deposits held for customers
 
1,370

 
1,080

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
27

 
22

Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents - beginning of period
 
$
8,969

 
$
8,337

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30,
 
 
2020
 
2019
 
 
(in millions)
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
11,137

 
$
5,691

Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
Restricted cash for litigation settlement
 
587

 
662

Restricted security deposits held for customers
 
1,548

 
1,061

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
30

 
31

Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents - end of period
 
$
13,302

 
$
7,445


v3.20.2
Investments (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Investments On the Consolidated Balance Sheet
Investments on the consolidated balance sheet consisted of the following:
 
 
June 30,
2020
 
December 31,
2019
 
 
(in millions)
Available-for-sale securities
 
$
312

 
$
591

Held-to-maturity securities
 
78

 
97

Total investments
 
$
390

 
$
688


Available-for-Sale Securities
The major classes of the Company’s available-for-sale investment securities and their respective amortized cost basis and fair values were as follows:
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gain
 
Gross
Unrealized
Loss
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gain
 
Gross
Unrealized
Loss
 
Fair
Value
 
 
(in millions)
Municipal securities
 
$
14

 
$

 
$

 
$
14

 
$
15

 
$

 
$

 
$
15

Government and agency securities
 
15

 

 

 
15

 
108

 

 

 
108

Corporate securities
 
254

 

 
(1
)
 
253

 
381

 
1

 

 
382

Asset-backed securities
 
30

 

 

 
30

 
85

 
1

 

 
86

Total
 
$
313

 
$

 
$
(1
)
 
$
312

 
$
589

 
$
2

 
$

 
$
591


Maturity Distribution Based on Contractual Terms of Investment Securities
The maturity distribution based on the contractual terms of the Company’s investment securities at June 30, 2020 was as follows:
 
 
Available-For-Sale
 
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
 
 
(in millions)
Due within 1 year
 
$
116

 
$
116

Due after 1 year through 5 years
 
197

 
196

Total
 
$
313

 
$
312


Equity Investments
The following table is a summary of the activity related to the Company’s equity investments:
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2019
 
Purchases (Sales), net
 
Changes in Fair Value 1
 
Other 2
 
Balance at June 30, 2020
 
 
(in millions)
Marketable securities
 
$
479

 
$

 
$
(101
)
 
$
(21
)
 
$
357

Nonmarketable securities
 
435

 
150

 
2

 
14

 
601

Total equity investments
 
$
914

 
$
150

 
$
(99
)
 
$
(7
)
 
$
958

1 
Recorded in gains (losses) on equity investments, net on the consolidated statement of operations
2 
Includes translational impact of currency
v3.20.2
Fair Value Measurements (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Financial Instruments, Financial Liabilities, Balance Sheet Groupings [Abstract]  
Distribution of Financial Instruments, Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The distribution of the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis within the Valuation Hierarchy were as follows:
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Total
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Total
 
 
(in millions)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available for sale 1:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Municipal securities
 
$

 
$
14

 
$

 
$
14

 
$

 
$
15

 
$

 
$
15

Government and agency securities
 

 
15

 

 
15

 
66

 
42

 

 
108

Corporate securities
 

 
253

 

 
253

 

 
382

 

 
382

Asset-backed securities
 

 
30

 

 
30

 

 
86

 

 
86

Derivative instruments 2:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 

 
49

 

 
49

 

 
12

 

 
12

Interest rate contracts
 

 

 

 

 

 
14

 

 
14

Marketable securities 3:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities
 
357

 

 

 
357

 
479

 

 

 
479

Deferred compensation plan 4:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred compensation assets
 
69

 

 

 
69

 
67

 

 

 
67

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments 2:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange derivative liabilities
 
$

 
$
(14
)
 
$

 
$
(14
)
 
$

 
$
(32
)
 
$

 
$
(32
)
Deferred compensation plan 5:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred compensation liabilities
 
(70
)
 

 

 
(70
)
 
(67
)
 

 

 
(67
)
1 
The Company’s U.S. government securities are classified within Level 1 of the Valuation Hierarchy as the fair values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in active markets. The fair value of the Company’s available-for-sale municipal securities, non-U.S. government and agency securities, corporate securities and asset-backed securities are based on observable inputs such as quoted prices, benchmark yields and issuer spreads for similar assets in active markets and are therefore included in Level 2 of the Valuation Hierarchy.
2 
The Company’s foreign exchange and interest rate derivative asset and liability contracts have been classified within Level 2 of the Valuation Hierarchy as the fair value is based on observable inputs such as broker quotes relating to foreign exchange and interest rates for similar derivative instruments. See Note 17 (Derivative and Hedging Instruments) for further details.
3 
The Company’s Marketable securities are publicly held and classified within Level 1 of the Valuation Hierarchy as the fair values are based on unadjusted quoted prices in their respective active markets.
4 
The Company has a nonqualified deferred compensation plan where assets are invested primarily in mutual funds held in a rabbi trust, which is restricted for payments to participants of the plan. The Company has elected to use the fair value option for these mutual funds, which are measured using quoted prices of identical instruments in active markets and are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheet.
5 
The deferred compensation liabilities are measured at fair value based on the quoted prices of identical instruments to the investment vehicles selected by the participants. These are included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.
v3.20.2
Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Prepaid Expense and Other Assets [Abstract]  
Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:
 
 
June 30,
2020
 
December 31,
2019
 
 
(in millions)
Customer and merchant incentives
 
$
950

 
$
872

Prepaid income taxes
 
79

 
105

Other
 
761

 
786

Total prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
$
1,790

 
$
1,763


Schedule of Other Assets, Noncurrent
Other assets consisted of the following:
 
 
June 30,
2020
 
December 31,
2019
 
 
(in millions)
Customer and merchant incentives
 
$
2,943

 
$
2,838

Equity investments
 
958

 
914

Income taxes receivable
 
486

 
460

Other
 
353

 
313

Total other assets
 
$
4,740

 
$
4,525


v3.20.2
Accrued Expenses and Accrued Litigation (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Accrued Liabilities, Current [Abstract]  
Accrued Expenses
Accrued expenses consisted of the following:
 
 
June 30,
2020
 
December 31,
2019
 
 
(in millions)
Customer and merchant incentives
 
$
3,315

 
$
3,892

Personnel costs
 
435

 
713

Income and other taxes
 
300

 
332

Other
 
480

 
552

Total accrued expenses
 
$
4,530

 
$
5,489


v3.20.2
Debt (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Debt [Abstract]  
Schedule of Long-term Debt
Long-term debt consisted of the following:
 
 
 
 
 
June 30,
2020
 
December 31,
2019
 
Effective
Interest Rate
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
 
 
2020 USD Notes
 
3.300
%
Senior Notes due March 2027
 
$
1,000

 
$

 
3.420
%
 
 
3.350
%
Senior Notes due March 2030
 
1,500

 

 
3.430
%
 
 
3.850
%
Senior Notes due March 2050
 
1,500

 

 
3.896
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2019 USD Notes
 
2.950
%
Senior Notes due June 2029
 
1,000

 
1,000

 
3.030
%
 
 
3.650
%
Senior Notes due June 2049
 
1,000

 
1,000

 
3.689
%
 
 
2.000
%
Senior Notes due March 2025
 
750

 
750

 
2.147
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2018 USD Notes
 
3.500
%
Senior Notes due February 2028
 
500

 
500

 
3.598
%
 
 
3.950
%
Senior Notes due February 2048
 
500

 
500

 
3.990
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2016 USD Notes
 
2.000
%
Senior Notes due November 2021
 
650

 
650

 
2.236
%
 
 
2.950
%
Senior Notes due November 2026
 
750

 
750

 
3.044
%
 
 
3.800
%
Senior Notes due November 2046
 
600

 
600

 
3.893
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2015 Euro Notes 1
 
1.100
%
Senior Notes due December 2022
 
788

 
785

 
1.265
%
 
 
2.100
%
Senior Notes due December 2027
 
900

 
896

 
2.189
%
 
 
2.500
%
Senior Notes due December 2030
 
169

 
169

 
2.562
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2014 USD Notes
 
3.375
%
Senior Notes due April 2024
 
1,000

 
1,000

 
3.484
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12,607

 
8,600

 
 
Less: Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs
(109
)
 
(73
)
 
 
Long-term debt
$
12,498

 
$
8,527

 
 
1 
Relates to euro-denominated debt issuance of €1.650 billion in December 2015
v3.20.2
Stockholders' Equity (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Equity [Abstract]  
Schedule of quarterly cash dividends declared
The Company declared quarterly cash dividends on its Class A and Class B Common Stock during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 as summarized below: 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
 
(in millions, except per share data)
Dividends declared per share
 
$
0.40

 
$
0.33

 
$
0.80

 
$
0.66

Total dividends declared
 
$
402

 
$
335

 
$
804

 
$
672


Schedule of share repurchases and authorizations
The following table summarizes the Company’s share repurchase authorizations of its Class A common stock through June 30, 2020, as well as historical purchases:
Board authorization dates
 
December 2019
 
December
2018
 
December
2017
 
 
Date program became effective
 
January 2020
 
January
2019
 
March
2018
 
Total
 
 
(in millions, except average price data)
Board authorization
 
$
8,000

 
$
6,500

 
$
4,000

 
$
18,500

Dollar value of shares repurchased during the six months ended June 30, 2019
 
$

 
$
3,440

 
$
301

 
$
3,741

Remaining authorization at December 31, 2019
 
$
8,000

 
$
304

 
$

 
$
8,304

Dollar value of shares repurchased during the six months ended June 30, 2020
 
$
1,079

 
$
304

 
$

 
$
1,383

Remaining authorization at June 30, 2020
 
$
6,921

 
$

 
$

 
$
6,921

Shares repurchased during the six months ended June 30, 2019
 

 
14.8

 
1.6

 
16.4

Average price paid per share during the six months ended June 30, 2019
 
$

 
$
232.42

 
$
188.38

 
$
228.13

Shares repurchased during the six months ended June 30, 2020
 
3.7

 
1.0

 

 
4.7

Average price paid per share during the six months ended June 30, 2020
 
$
290.86

 
$
304.89

 
$

 
$
293.83

Cumulative shares repurchased through June 30, 2020
 
3.7

 
25.8

 
20.6

 
50.1

Cumulative average price paid per share
 
$
290.86

 
$
251.72

 
$
194.27

 
$
231.02


Schedule of Changes in Common Stock Outstanding
The following table presents the changes in the Company’s outstanding Class A and Class B common stock for the six months ended June 30, 2020:
 
 
Outstanding Shares
 
 
Class A
 
Class B
 
 
(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2019
 
996.0

 
11.2

Purchases of treasury stock
 
(4.7
)
 

Share-based payments
 
1.8

 

Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock
 
2.0

 
(2.0
)
Balance at June 30, 2020
 
995.1

 
9.2


v3.20.2
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]  
Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The changes in the balances of each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:
 
 
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments 1
 
Translation Adjustments on Net Investment Hedge 2
 
Cash Flow Hedges 3
 
Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans
 
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale 4
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
 
(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2019
 
$
(638
)
 
$
(38
)
 
$
11

 
$
(9
)
 
$
1

 
$
(673
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
(216
)
 
(7
)
 
(146
)
 
(1
)
 
(3
)
 
(373
)
Balance at June 30, 2020
 
$
(854
)
 
$
(45
)
 
$
(135
)
 
$
(10
)
 
$
(2
)
 
$
(1,046
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2018
 
$
(661
)
 
$
(66
)
 
$

 
$
10

 
$
(1
)
 
$
(718
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
(20
)
 
6

 

 
(1
)
 
3

 
(12
)
Balance at June 30, 2019
 
$
(681
)
 
$
(60
)
 
$

 
$
9

 
$
2


$
(730
)

1 
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the increase in the accumulated other comprehensive loss related to foreign currency translation adjustments was driven primarily by the depreciation of the British pound and Brazilian real, partially offset by the appreciation of the euro. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the increase in the accumulated other comprehensive loss related to foreign currency translation adjustments was driven primarily by the depreciation of the euro and British pound.
2 
The Company uses foreign currency denominated debt to hedge a portion of its net investment in foreign operations against adverse movements in exchange rates. Changes in the value of the debt are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the increase in the accumulated other comprehensive loss related to the net investment hedge was driven by the appreciation of the euro. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the decrease in the accumulated other comprehensive loss related to the net investment hedge was driven by the depreciation of the euro. See Note 17 (Derivative and Hedging Instruments) for additional information.
3 
In the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company entered into treasury rate locks which are accounted for as cash flow hedges. In the first quarter of 2020, in connection with the issuance of the 2020 USD Notes, these contracts were settled and the Company recorded a loss of $175 million, or $150 million net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). As of June 30, 2020, the cumulative loss will be reclassified as an adjustment to interest expense over the respective terms of the 2020 USD Notes. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, reclassifications to interest expense were not material. See Note 17 (Derivative and Hedging Instruments) for additional information.
4 
During the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, gains and losses on available-for-sale investment securities, reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to investment income, were not material. See Note 6 (Investments) for additional information.
v3.20.2
Share-Based Payments Awards Granted (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Additional Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Compensation Cost for Share-based Payment Arrangements, Allocation of Share-based Compensation Costs by Plan
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company granted the following awards under the Mastercard Incorporated 2006 Long Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated as of June 5, 2012 (the “LTIP”). The LTIP is a stockholder-approved plan that permits the grant of various types of equity awards to employees.
 
 
Grants in 2020
 
Weighted-Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
 
 
(in millions)
 
(per option/unit)
Non-qualified stock options
 
0.4
 
$55
Restricted stock units
 
0.8
 
$286
Performance stock units
 
0.2
 
$291

v3.20.2
Settlement and Other Risk Management (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Settlement and Other Risk Management [Abstract]  
Estimated Settlement Exposure and Portion of Uncollateralized Settlement Exposure for Mastercard-Branded Transactions
The Company’s estimated settlement exposure was as follows:
 
 
June 30,
2020
 
December 31,
2019
 
 
(in millions)
Gross settlement exposure
 
$
42,398

 
$
55,800

Collateral held for settlement exposure
 
(3,589
)
 
(4,772
)
Net uncollateralized settlement exposure
 
$
38,809

 
$
51,028


v3.20.2
Derivative and Hedging Instruments (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Foreign Currency Derivatives [Abstract]  
Derivative contract summary
The Company’s derivative contracts are summarized below:
 
 
June 30, 2020
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
Notional
 
Estimated Fair
Value
 
Notional
 
Estimated Fair
Value
 
 
(in millions)
Commitments to purchase foreign currency
 
$
705

 
$
20

 
$
185

 
$
3

Commitments to sell foreign currency
 
1,249

 
15

 
1,506

 
(25
)
Options to sell foreign currency
 

 

 
21

 
2

Balance sheet location
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 1
 
 
 
49

 
 
 
12

Other current liabilities 1
 
 
 
(14
)
 
 
 
(32
)

1 
The derivative contracts are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements, which contain various netting and setoff provisions.
Gain (loss) recognized in income for the contracts to purchase and sell foreign currency summary
The amount of gain (loss) recognized on the consolidated statement of operations for the contracts to purchase and sell foreign currency is summarized below: 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
 
2020
 
2019
 
2020
 
2019
 
 
(in millions)
Foreign exchange derivative contracts
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General and administrative
 
$
(24
)
 
$
(15
)
 
$
83

 
$
(20
)

v3.20.2
Acquisitions - Narrative (Details)
€ in Millions
1 Months Ended 6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended 18 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2020
USD ($)
Aug. 31, 2019
EUR (€)
Jun. 30, 2020
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2019
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2020
USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]            
Goodwill $ 4,081,000,000 $ 4,081,000,000   $ 4,081,000,000 $ 4,021,000,000 $ 4,081,000,000
Businesses Acquired            
Business Acquisition [Line Items]            
Cash payment to acquire businesses       185,000,000    
Total consideration         $ 1,500,000,000  
Goodwill 140,000,000 140,000,000   140,000,000   140,000,000
2019 Acquisitions            
Business Acquisition [Line Items]            
Total consideration           783,000,000
Finicity            
Business Acquisition [Line Items]            
Commitments to acquire businesses, total consideration   825,000,000        
Potential additional earn-out consideration to be received by existing shareholders if certain performance targets are met (up to) 160,000,000 $ 160,000,000   $ 160,000,000   $ 160,000,000
Nets Denmark A/S, Corporate Services            
Business Acquisition [Line Items]            
Commitments to acquire businesses, total consideration $ 3,210,000,000   € 2,850      
v3.20.2
Revenue Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2020
Jun. 30, 2019
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]        
Gross revenue $ 5,093 $ 6,069 $ 11,255 $ 11,701
Rebates and incentives (contra-revenue) (1,758) (1,956) (3,911) (3,699)
Net revenue 3,335 4,113 7,344 8,002
North American Markets        
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]        
Net revenue 1,243 1,430 2,577 2,777
International Markets        
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]        
Net revenue 2,042 2,629 4,675 5,135
Other        
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]        
Net revenue 50 54 92 90
Domestic assessments        
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]        
Gross revenue 1,474 1,680 3,157 3,285
Cross-border volume fees        
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]        
Gross revenue 637 1,374 1,854 2,637
Transaction processing        
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]        
Gross revenue 1,901 2,053 4,101 3,975
Other revenues        
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]        
Gross revenue $ 1,081 $ 962 $ 2,143 $ 1,804
v3.20.2
Revenue Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2020
Jun. 30, 2019
Dec. 31, 2019
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]          
Revenue recognized from performance obligations $ 206 $ 182 $ 395 $ 367  
Receivables from contracts with customers          
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]          
Contract assets 2,000   2,000   $ 2,300
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets          
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]          
Contract assets 42   42   48
Other Assets          
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]          
Contract assets 177   177   152
Other current liabilities          
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]          
Deferred revenue 376   376   238
Other Liabilities          
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]          
Deferred revenue $ 176   $ 176   $ 106
v3.20.2
Earnings Per Share Schedule of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2020
Jun. 30, 2019
Numerator        
Net income $ 1,420 $ 2,048 $ 3,113 $ 3,910
Denominator        
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding 1,004 1,020 1,005 1,023
Dilutive stock options and stock units 4 5 4 5
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding 1,008 1,025 1,009 1,028
Earnings per Share        
Basic $ 1.41 $ 2.01 $ 3.10 $ 3.82
Diluted $ 1.41 $ 2.00 $ 3.08 $ 3.80
v3.20.2
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Jun. 30, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Jun. 30, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]        
Cash and cash equivalents $ 11,137 $ 6,988 $ 5,691 $ 6,682
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents 13,302 8,969 7,445 8,337
Restricted cash for litigation settlement        
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]        
Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents 587 584 662 553
Restricted security deposits held for customers        
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]        
Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents 1,548 1,370 1,061 1,080
Prepaid expenses and other current assets        
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]        
Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents $ 30 $ 27 $ 31 $ 22
v3.20.2
Investments - Investments (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Jun. 30, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]    
Available-for-sale securities $ 312 $ 591
Held-to-maturity securities 78 97
Total investments $ 390 $ 688
v3.20.2
Investments - Available-for-Sale Investment Securities, Unrealized Gains and Losses (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Jun. 30, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Amortized Cost $ 313 $ 589
Gross Unrealized Gain 0 2
Gross Unrealized Loss (1) 0
Fair Value 312 591
Municipal securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Amortized Cost 14 15
Gross Unrealized Gain 0 0
Gross Unrealized Loss 0 0
Fair Value 14 15
Government and agency securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Amortized Cost 15 108
Gross Unrealized Gain 0 0
Gross Unrealized Loss 0 0
Fair Value 15 108
Corporate securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Amortized Cost 254 381
Gross Unrealized Gain 0 1
Gross Unrealized Loss (1) 0
Fair Value 253 382
Asset-backed securities    
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]    
Amortized Cost 30 85
Gross Unrealized Gain 0 1
Gross Unrealized Loss 0 0
Fair Value $ 30 $ 86
v3.20.2
Investments Maturity Distribution Based on Contractual Terms of Investment Securities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Jun. 30, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Available-For-Sale Amortized Cost    
Due within 1 year $ 116  
Due after 1 year through 5 years 197  
Total 313  
Available-For-Sale Fair Value    
Due within 1 year 116  
Due after 1 year through 5 years 196  
Total $ 312 $ 591
v3.20.2
Investments - Equity Investments (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Increase (Decrease) In Equity Investments [Roll Forward]    
Marketable securities, beginning balance $ 479  
Marketable securities, Purchases (Sales), Net 0  
Marketable securities, changes in fair value (101)  
Marketable Securities, Other (21)  
Marketable securities, ending balance 357  
Nonmarketable securities, beginning balance 435  
Nonmarketable Securities, Purchases (Sales), Net 150  
Nonmarketable Securities, changes in fair value 2  
Nonmarketable Securities, Other 14  
Nonmarketable securities, ending balance 601  
Total equity investments, beginning balance 914  
Total equity investments, Changes in Fair Value (99)  
Total equity investments, Purchases (Sales), net 150  
Total equity investments, Other (7)  
Total equity investments, ending balance 958  
Measurement Alternative Investment 478 $ 317
Equity Method Investment 123 $ 118
Cumulative impairments and downward fair value adjustment 14  
Cumulative upward fair value adjustment $ 69  
v3.20.2
Fair Value Measurements - Distribution of Financial Instruments, Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Jun. 30, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Deferred compensation assets $ 69 $ 67
Foreign exchange derivative liabilities (14) (32)
Deferred compensation liabilities (70) (67)
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Deferred compensation assets 69 67
Foreign exchange derivative liabilities 0 0
Deferred compensation liabilities (70) (67)
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Deferred compensation assets 0 0
Foreign exchange derivative liabilities (14) (32)
Deferred compensation liabilities 0 0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Deferred compensation assets 0 0
Foreign exchange derivative liabilities 0 0
Deferred compensation liabilities 0 0
Municipal securities    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Investment securities available for sale 14 15
Municipal securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Investment securities available for sale 0 0
Municipal securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Investment securities available for sale 14 15
Municipal securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Investment securities available for sale 0 0
Government and agency securities    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Investment securities available for sale 15 108
Government and agency securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Investment securities available for sale 0 66
Government and agency securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Investment securities available for sale 15 42
Government and agency securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Investment securities available for sale 0 0
Corporate securities    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Investment securities available for sale 253 382
Corporate securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Investment securities available for sale 0 0
Corporate securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Investment securities available for sale 253 382
Corporate securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Investment securities available for sale 0 0
Asset-backed securities    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Investment securities available for sale 30 86
Asset-backed securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Investment securities available for sale 0 0
Asset-backed securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Investment securities available for sale 30 86
Asset-backed securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Investment securities available for sale 0 0
Equity securities    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Investment securities available for sale 357 479
Equity securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Investment securities available for sale 357 479
Equity securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Investment securities available for sale 0 0
Equity securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Investment securities available for sale 0 0
Foreign exchange contracts    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Derivative instrument 49 12
Foreign exchange contracts | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Derivative instrument 0 0
Foreign exchange contracts | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Derivative instrument 49 12
Foreign exchange contracts | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Derivative instrument 0 0
Interest rate contracts    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Derivative instrument 0 14
Interest rate contracts | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Derivative instrument 0 0
Interest rate contracts | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Derivative instrument 0 14
Interest rate contracts | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures [Line Items]    
Derivative instrument $ 0 $ 0
v3.20.2
Fair Value Measurements - Narrative Fair Value (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Jun. 30, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]    
Debt, Long-term and Short-term, Combined Amount $ 12,498 $ 8,527
Long-term debt 12,498 8,527
Fair Value    
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]    
Long-term debt, fair value $ 14,400 $ 9,200
v3.20.2
Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets Schedule of Prepaid Expenses (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Jun. 30, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Prepaid Expense and Other Assets [Abstract]    
Customer and merchant incentives $ 950 $ 872
Prepaid income taxes 79 105
Other 761 786
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 1,790 $ 1,763
v3.20.2
Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets Schedule of Other Assets (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Jun. 30, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Prepaid Expense and Other Assets [Abstract]    
Customer and merchant incentives $ 2,943 $ 2,838
Equity investments 958 914
Income taxes receivable 486 460
Other 353 313
Total other assets $ 4,740 $ 4,525
v3.20.2
Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Jun. 30, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Accrued Liabilities, Current [Abstract]    
Customer and merchant incentives $ 3,315 $ 3,892
Personnel costs 435 713
Income and other taxes 300 332
Other 480 552
Total accrued expenses $ 4,530 $ 5,489
v3.20.2
Accrued Litigation Expense (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Jun. 30, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Accrued Liabilities, Current [Abstract]    
Provision for litigation $ 853 $ 914
v3.20.2
Debt - Schedule of Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2020
Mar. 31, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Long-term debt, gross $ 12,607,000,000   $ 8,600,000,000
Less: Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs (109,000,000)   (73,000,000)
Total debt outstanding $ 12,498,000,000   8,527,000,000
Senior Notes | 2027 Notes      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Aggregate Principal Amount   $ 1,000,000,000  
Stated Interest Rate 3.30%    
Effective Interest Rate 3.42%    
Long-term debt, gross $ 1,000,000,000   0
Senior Notes | 2030 Notes      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Aggregate Principal Amount   1,500,000,000  
Stated Interest Rate 3.35%    
Effective Interest Rate 3.43%    
Long-term debt, gross $ 1,500,000,000   0
Senior Notes | Senior Notes Due March 2050      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Aggregate Principal Amount   $ 1,500,000,000  
Stated Interest Rate 3.85%    
Effective Interest Rate 3.896%    
Long-term debt, gross $ 1,500,000,000   0
Senior Notes | 2029 Notes      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Stated Interest Rate 2.95%    
Effective Interest Rate 3.03%    
Long-term debt, gross $ 1,000,000,000   1,000,000,000
Senior Notes | 2049 Notes      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Stated Interest Rate 3.65%    
Effective Interest Rate 3.689%    
Long-term debt, gross $ 1,000,000,000   1,000,000,000
Senior Notes | 2025 Notes [Member]      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Stated Interest Rate 2.00%    
Effective Interest Rate 2.147%    
Long-term debt, gross $ 750,000,000   750,000,000
Senior Notes | 2028 Notes      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Stated Interest Rate 3.50%    
Effective Interest Rate 3.598%    
Long-term debt, gross $ 500,000,000   500,000,000
Senior Notes | 2048 Notes      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Stated Interest Rate 3.95%    
Effective Interest Rate 3.99%    
Long-term debt, gross $ 500,000,000   500,000,000
Senior Notes | 2021 Notes      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Stated Interest Rate 2.00%    
Effective Interest Rate 2.236%    
Long-term debt, gross $ 650,000,000   650,000,000
Senior Notes | 2026 Notes      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Stated Interest Rate 2.95%    
Effective Interest Rate 3.044%    
Long-term debt, gross $ 750,000,000   750,000,000
Senior Notes | 2046 Notes      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Stated Interest Rate 3.80%    
Effective Interest Rate 3.893%    
Long-term debt, gross $ 600,000,000   600,000,000
Senior Notes | 2022 Notes      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Stated Interest Rate 1.10%    
Effective Interest Rate 1.265%    
Long-term debt, gross $ 788,000,000   785,000,000
Senior Notes | 2.1% Notes due 2027      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Stated Interest Rate 2.10%    
Effective Interest Rate 2.189%    
Long-term debt, gross $ 900,000,000   896,000,000
Senior Notes | 2.5% Notes due 2030      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Stated Interest Rate 2.50%    
Effective Interest Rate 2.562%    
Long-term debt, gross $ 169,000,000   169,000,000
Senior Notes | 2024 Notes      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Stated Interest Rate 3.375%    
Effective Interest Rate 3.484%    
Long-term debt, gross $ 1,000,000,000   $ 1,000,000,000
v3.20.2
Debt - Narrative (Details)
€ in Millions
1 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2020
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2019
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
EUR (€)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Long-term debt   $ 12,607,000,000 $ 8,600,000,000  
Senior Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Proceeds from issuance of debt $ 3,959,000,000      
Senior Notes | 2015 Euro Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Long-term debt | €       € 1,650
Senior Notes | 2027 Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Long-term debt   1,000,000,000 0  
Aggregate principal amount 1,000,000,000      
Senior Notes | 2030 Notes        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Long-term debt   1,500,000,000 0  
Aggregate principal amount 1,500,000,000      
Senior Notes | Senior Notes Due March 2050        
Debt Instrument [Line Items]        
Long-term debt   $ 1,500,000,000 $ 0  
Aggregate principal amount $ 1,500,000,000      
v3.20.2
Stockholders' Equity - Dividends Declared (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2020
Jun. 30, 2019
Dividends Payable [Line Items]        
Total dividends declared $ 402 $ 335 $ 804 $ 672
Common Stock        
Dividends Payable [Line Items]        
Dividends declared per share $ 0.40 $ 0.33 $ 0.80 $ 0.66
Retained Earnings        
Dividends Payable [Line Items]        
Total dividends declared $ 402 $ 335 $ 804 $ 672
v3.20.2
Stockholders' Equity Repurchase Authorizations and Purchase Activity (Details) - Class A Common Stock - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions
6 Months Ended 7 Months Ended 19 Months Ended 31 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2020
Jun. 30, 2020
Jun. 30, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Class of Stock                
Board authorization $ 18,500   $ 18,500 $ 18,500 $ 18,500      
Dollar value of shares repurchased during period 1,383 $ 3,741            
Remaining authorization $ 6,921   6,921 6,921 $ 6,921 $ 8,304    
Shares repurchased 4.7 16.4     50.1      
Average price paid per share $ 293.83 $ 228.13     $ 231.02      
December 2018 Share Repurchase Plan                
Class of Stock                
Board authorization             $ 6,500  
Dollar value of shares repurchased during period $ 304 $ 3,440            
Remaining authorization $ 0   0 $ 0 $ 0 304    
Shares repurchased 1.0 14.8   25.8        
Average price paid per share $ 304.89 $ 232.42   $ 251.72        
December 2017 Share Repurchase Plan                
Class of Stock                
Board authorization               $ 4,000
Dollar value of shares repurchased during period $ 0 $ 301            
Remaining authorization $ 0   0 $ 0 $ 0 0    
Shares repurchased 0.0 1.6     20.6      
Average price paid per share $ 0 $ 188.38     $ 194.27      
December 2019 Share Repurchase Plan [Member]                
Class of Stock                
Board authorization           8,000    
Dollar value of shares repurchased during period $ 1,079              
Remaining authorization $ 6,921   $ 6,921 $ 6,921 $ 6,921 $ 8,000    
Shares repurchased 3.7   3.7          
Average price paid per share $ 290.86   $ 290.86          
v3.20.2
Stockholders' Equity Common Stock Shares Activity (Details) - shares
shares in Millions
6 Months Ended 31 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2020
Class A      
Class of Stock      
Purchases of treasury stock (4.7) (16.4) (50.1)
Common Stock | Class A      
Class of Stock      
Balance at December 31, 2019 996.0    
Purchases of treasury stock (4.7)    
Share-based payments 1.8    
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock 2.0    
Balance at June 30, 2020 995.1   995.1
Common Stock | Class B      
Class of Stock      
Balance at December 31, 2019 11.2    
Purchases of treasury stock 0.0    
Share-based payments 0.0    
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock (2.0)    
Balance at June 30, 2020 9.2   9.2
v3.20.2
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Mar. 31, 2020
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2020
Jun. 30, 2019
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]          
Balance at beginning of period $ 5,423 $ 5,917 $ 5,190 $ 5,917 $ 5,418
Current period other comprehensive income (loss) 33   (57) (373) (12)
Balance at end of period 6,498 5,423 5,035 6,498 5,035
Settlement of interest rate derivative contracts       175 0
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments          
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]          
Balance at beginning of period   (638)   (638) (661)
Current period other comprehensive income (loss)       (216) (20)
Balance at end of period (854)   (681) (854) (681)
Translation Adjustments on Net Investment Hedge          
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]          
Balance at beginning of period   (38)   (38) (66)
Current period other comprehensive income (loss)       (7) 6
Balance at end of period (45)   (60) (45) (60)
Cash Flow Hedges          
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]          
Balance at beginning of period   11   11 0
Current period other comprehensive income (loss)   (150)   (146) 0
Balance at end of period (135)   0 (135) 0
Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans          
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]          
Balance at beginning of period   (9)   (9) 10
Current period other comprehensive income (loss)       (1) (1)
Balance at end of period (10)   9 (10) 9
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale          
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]          
Balance at beginning of period   1   1 (1)
Current period other comprehensive income (loss)       (3) 3
Balance at end of period (2)   2 (2) 2
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)          
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]          
Balance at beginning of period   (673)   (673) (718)
Balance at end of period $ (1,046)   $ (730) $ (1,046) $ (730)
Cash Flow Hedging | Interest Rate Risk          
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]          
Settlement of interest rate derivative contracts   $ 175      
v3.20.2
Share-Based Payments Narrative (Details)
shares in Millions
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
installment
$ / shares
shares
Share-Based Payments  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross | shares 0.4
Fair value of stock options, per share, estimated using a Black-Scholes option pricing model | $ / shares $ 55
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Requisite Service Period 1 year
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Term 6 years
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Volatility Rate 19.30%
Non-qualified stock options  
Share-Based Payments  
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-based Payment Award Options Term 10 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement By Share-based Payment Award, Number Of Equal Annual Installments | installment 4
Restricted stock units  
Share-Based Payments  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period | shares 0.8
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period, Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value | $ / shares $ 286
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period 3 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Requisite Service Period 1 year
Share-based Compensation Arrangement By Share-based Payment Award, Number Of Equal Annual Installments | installment 4
Performance stock units  
Share-Based Payments  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period | shares 0.2
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period, Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value | $ / shares $ 291
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period 3 years
PSUs granted on or after March 1, 2019, shares issuable upon vesting, mandatory deferral period 1 year
v3.20.2
Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Jun. 30, 2019
Jun. 30, 2020
Jun. 30, 2019
Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]          
Effective income tax rate (as a percent) 16.00% 18.70% 15.40% 17.20%  
Unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would impact effective income tax rate $ 389   $ 389   $ 203
v3.20.2
Legal and Regulatory Proceedings (Details)
£ in Billions
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended 30 Months Ended 98 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
USD ($)
Jul. 31, 2018
claimant
Jan. 31, 2017
claimant
Oct. 31, 2011
plaintiff
Feb. 28, 2011
Jun. 30, 2020
USD ($)
claimant
Jun. 30, 2019
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2020
USD ($)
fax
claimant
Jun. 30, 2020
GBP (£)
fax
claimant
Jun. 30, 2019
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2018
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2019
USD ($)
claimant
Jun. 30, 2020
USD ($)
claimant
Jun. 30, 2020
GBP (£)
Dec. 31, 2019
USD ($)
Jul. 31, 2019
Legal And Regulatory                                
Accrued litigation           $ 853,000,000   $ 853,000,000         $ 853,000,000   $ 914,000,000  
Provision for litigation           22,000,000 $ 0 $ 28,000,000   $ 0            
Unsolicited faxes | fax               381,000 381,000              
Damages sought per fax (in usd per fax)               $ 500                
Event Involving Visa Parties, Member Banks and Mastercard                                
Legal And Regulatory                                
Percent of settlement Mastercard would pay         12.00%                      
Event Involving Member Banks and Mastercard                                
Legal And Regulatory                                
Percent of settlement Mastercard would pay         36.00%                      
Canadian Competition Bureau                                
Legal And Regulatory                                
Amount of damages sought (that exceeds)               5,000,000,000                
U.S. Merchant Lawsuit Settlement                                
Legal And Regulatory                                
Accrued litigation           831,000,000   $ 831,000,000         831,000,000   914,000,000  
Maximum | U.S. Merchant Litigation - Class Litigation                                
Legal And Regulatory                                
Percentage of merchant opt outs to terminate agreement                               25.00%
U.S. Merchant Lawsuit Settlement                                
Legal And Regulatory                                
Provision for litigation                     $ 237,000,000          
U.K. Merchant Lawsuit Settlement                                
Legal And Regulatory                                
Provision for litigation           $ 22,000,000                    
Amount of damages sought (that exceeds)                         4,000,000,000 £ 3    
Loss Contingency, Damages Resolved, Value                         $ 3,000,000,000 £ 2    
U.K. Merchant claimants                                
Legal And Regulatory                                
Loss Contingency, Pending Claims, Number | claimant           4   4         4      
Number of plaintiffs in case | claimant   4 10     4                    
U.K. Merchant claimants | U.K. Merchant Claimants, Sent Back to Trial Court, Liability and Damages Issues                                
Legal And Regulatory                                
Loss Contingency, Pending Claims, Number | claimant           1   1         1      
U.K. Merchant claimants | U.K. Merchant Claims, Sent Back to Trial Court, Damages Issues                                
Legal And Regulatory                                
Loss Contingency, Pending Claims, Number | claimant           3   3         3      
Proposed U.K. Interchange Collective Action                                
Legal And Regulatory                                
Amount of damages sought (that exceeds)               $ 17,000,000,000 £ 14              
ATM Operators Complaint                                
Legal And Regulatory                                
Amount of damages sought (that exceeds) $ 1,000,000,000                              
Number of plaintiffs in case | plaintiff       13                        
Restricted cash for litigation settlement                                
Legal And Regulatory                                
Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents           $ 587,000,000 $ 662,000,000 $ 587,000,000   $ 662,000,000 $ 553,000,000 $ 662,000,000 $ 587,000,000   $ 584,000,000  
Judicial Ruling | 2017 U.K. Merchant Claimants                                
Legal And Regulatory                                
Number of claims settled | claimant   3                            
Judicial Ruling | 2017 U.K. Merchant Claimants | Unfavorable Regulatory Action                                
Legal And Regulatory                                
Number of claims settled | claimant   2                            
Judicial Ruling | 2016 U.K. Merchant Claimants | Unfavorable Regulatory Action                                
Legal And Regulatory                                
Number of claims settled | claimant               1 1              
Appealing judgment | U.K. Merchant claimants                                
Legal And Regulatory                                
Number of claims settled | claimant                       3        
v3.20.2
Settlement and Other Risk Management Estimated Settlement Exposure (Details) - Guarantee Obligations - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Jun. 30, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Risks Inherent in Servicing Assets and Servicing Liabilities    
Gross settlement exposure $ 42,398 $ 55,800
Collateral held for settlement exposure (3,589) (4,772)
Net uncollateralized settlement exposure $ 38,809 $ 51,028
v3.20.2
Settlement and Other Risk Management Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Jun. 30, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Settlement and Other Risk Management [Abstract]    
Travelers cheques outstanding, notional value $ 362 $ 367
Travelers cheques covered by collateral arrangements $ 285 $ 290
v3.20.2
Derivative and Hedging Instruments Classification of Outstanding Forward Contracts (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Jun. 30, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets    
Foreign Exchange Risk Management    
Forward contracts to purchase and sell foreign currency - Balance sheet location - Accounts receivable/Prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 49 $ 12
Other current liabilities    
Foreign Exchange Risk Management    
Forward contracts to purchase and sell foreign currency - Balance sheet location - Other current liabilities (14) (32)
Commitments to purchase foreign currency | Foreign Exchange Forward    
Foreign Exchange Risk Management    
Commitments/Options to purchase/sell foreign currency, Notional 705 185
Commitments/Options to purchase/sell foreign currency, Estimated Fair Value 20 3
Commitments/Options to sell foreign currency | Foreign Exchange Forward    
Foreign Exchange Risk Management    
Commitments/Options to purchase/sell foreign currency, Notional 1,249 1,506
Commitments/Options to purchase/sell foreign currency, Estimated Fair Value 15 (25)
Commitments/Options to sell foreign currency | Foreign Exchange Option    
Foreign Exchange Risk Management    
Commitments/Options to purchase/sell foreign currency, Notional 0 21
Commitments/Options to purchase/sell foreign currency, Estimated Fair Value $ 0 $ 2
v3.20.2
Derivative and Hedging Instruments (Details)
€ in Millions, $ in Millions
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
USD ($)
Mar. 31, 2020
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2019
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2020
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2019
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2019
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
EUR (€)
Foreign Exchange Risk Management              
Terms of the foreign currency forward contracts and foreign currency option contracts, less than       18 months      
Net foreign currency transaction pre-tax loss in AOCI $ 93     $ 93      
Payments for Hedge, Investing Activities       175 $ 0    
Cash flow hedges 1   $ 0 (188) 0    
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), after Reclassification and Tax 4   0 (146) 0    
General and administrative | Foreign currency derivative contracts              
Foreign Exchange Risk Management              
Gain (loss) for contracts to purchase and sell foreign currency (24)   $ (15) 83 $ (20)    
Net Investment Hedging              
Foreign Exchange Risk Management              
Derivative Liability, Notional Amount | €             € 1,650
Cash Flow Hedging | Interest Rate Risk              
Foreign Exchange Risk Management              
Derivative, Notional Amount           $ 1,000  
Payments for Hedge, Investing Activities   $ 175          
Cash flow hedges           14  
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), after Reclassification and Tax       135      
Cash Flow Hedge Gain (Loss) to be Reclassified within Twelve Months       6      
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets              
Foreign Exchange Risk Management              
Foreign Currency Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments, Asset at Fair Value $ 49     $ 49   $ 12