UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
________________________________________ 
FORM 10-Q
____________________________  

		
x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	

For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2018
OR

		
¨
	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the Transition Period from              to
Commission File Number: 000-50404
____________________________ 
LKQ CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
____________________________ 

			
DELAWARE	 	36-4215970	
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)	 	(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)	
 	 	 	
500 WEST MADISON STREET,
SUITE 2800, CHICAGO, IL	 	60661	
(Address of principal executive offices)	 	(Zip Code)	
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (312) 621-1950
____________________________ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes   x     No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

				
Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	¨	
Non-accelerated filer	¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	¨	
Emerging growth company	¨	 	 	
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨     No  x
At July 27, 2018 , the registrant had issued and outstanding an aggregate of 318,081,581 shares of Common Stock.

	

PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.     Financial Statements

LKQ CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands, except per share data)	
																
 	Three Months Ended	 	Six Months Ended	
 	June 30,	 	June 30,	
 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Revenue	$	3,030,751		 	$	2,458,411		 	$	5,751,515		 	$	4,801,254		
Cost of goods sold	1,868,872		 	1,493,402		 	3,535,665		 	2,906,152		
Gross margin	1,161,879		 	965,009		 	2,215,850		 	1,895,102		
Selling, general and administrative expenses (1)	826,044		 	664,270		 	1,592,935		 	1,307,087		
Restructuring and acquisition related expenses	15,878		 	2,521		 	19,932		 	5,449		
Depreciation and amortization	63,163		 	53,645		 	119,621		 	102,301		
Operating income	256,794		 	244,573		 	483,362		 	480,265		
Other expense (income):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest expense, net	38,272		 	24,596		 	66,787		 	48,584		
Gains on bargain purchases	(328	)	 	(3,077	)	 	(328	)	 	(3,077	)	
Other expense (income), net	755		 	(2,731	)	 	(2,127	)	 	(3,777	)	
Total other expense, net	38,699		 	18,788		 	64,332		 	41,730		
Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes	218,095		 	225,785		 	419,030		 	438,535		
Provision for income taxes	60,775		 	75,862		 	110,359		 	148,017		
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries	546		 	991		 	1,958		 	1,205		
Income from continuing operations	157,866		 	150,914		 	310,629		 	291,723		
Net loss from discontinued operations	—		 	—		 	—		 	(4,531	)	
Net income	157,866		 	150,914		 	310,629		 	287,192		
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	859		 	—		 	662		 	—		
Net income attributable to LKQ stockholders	$	157,007		 	$	150,914		 	$	309,967		 	$	287,192		
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic earnings per share: (2)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from continuing operations	$	0.51		 	$	0.49		 	$	1.00		 	$	0.95		
Net loss from discontinued operations	—		 	—		 	—		 	(0.01	)	
Net income	0.51		 	0.49		 	1.00		 	0.93		
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	0.00		 	—		 	0.00		 	—		
Net income attributable to LKQ stockholders	$	0.50		 	$	0.49		 	$	1.00		 	$	0.93		
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Diluted earnings per share:  (2)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from continuing operations	$	0.50		 	$	0.49		 	$	0.99		 	$	0.94		
Net loss from discontinued operations	—		 	—		 	—		 	(0.01	)	
Net income	0.50		 	0.49		 	0.99		 	0.93		
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	0.00		 	—		 	0.00		 	—		
Net income attributable to LKQ stockholders	$	0.50		 	$	0.49		 	$	0.99		 	$	0.93		
(1) Selling, general and administrative expenses contain facility and warehouses expenses and distribution expenses that
were previously shown separately.
(2) The sum of the individual earnings per share amounts may not equal the total due to rounding.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
2

LKQ CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(In thousands)	
																
 	Three Months Ended	 	Six Months Ended	
 	June 30,	 	June 30,	
 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Net income	$	157,866		 	$	150,914		 	$	310,629		 	$	287,192		
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	859		 	—		 	662		 	—		
Net income attributable to LKQ stockholders	157,007		 	150,914		 	309,967		 	287,192		
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other comprehensive income (loss):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Foreign currency translation, net of tax	(105,164	)	 	93,597		 	(56,679	)	 	115,176		
Net change in unrealized gains/losses on cash flow hedges, net of tax	2,406		 	(930	)	 	5,660		 	2,233		
Net change in unrealized gains/losses on pension plans, net of tax	(807	)	 	(862	)	 	(1,428	)	 	(3,903	)	
Net change in other comprehensive income (loss) from unconsolidated subsidiaries	2,122		 	(439	)	 	1,517		 	(601	)	
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(101,443	)	 	91,366		 	(50,930	)	 	112,905		
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive income	56,423		 	242,280		 	259,699		 	400,097		
Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest	859		 	—		 	662		 	—		
Comprehensive income attributable to LKQ stockholders	$	55,564		 	$	242,280		 	$	259,037		 	$	400,097		

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

LKQ CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	
								
 	June 30,	 	December 31,	
 	2018	 	2017	
Assets	 	 	 	
Current assets:	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	$	345,202		 	$	279,766		
Receivables, net	1,301,514		 	1,027,106		
Inventories	2,718,158		 	2,380,783		
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	228,732		 	134,479		
Total current assets	4,593,606		 	3,822,134		
Property, plant and equipment, net	1,188,464		 	913,089		
Intangible assets:	 	 	 	
Goodwill	4,421,976		 	3,536,511		
Other intangibles, net	973,031		 	743,769		
Equity method investments	202,653		 	208,404		
Other assets	168,901		 	142,965		
Total assets	$	11,548,631		 	$	9,366,872		
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	 	 	 	
Current liabilities:	 	 	 	
Accounts payable	$	981,643		 	$	788,613		
Accrued expenses:	 	 	 	
Accrued payroll-related liabilities	163,294		 	143,424		
Other accrued expenses	312,702		 	218,600		
Refund liability	103,694		 	—		
Other current liabilities	49,603		 	45,727		
Current portion of long-term obligations	177,372		 	126,360		
Total current liabilities	1,788,308		 	1,322,724		
Long-term obligations, excluding current portion	4,261,176		 	3,277,620		
Deferred income taxes	332,602		 	252,359		
Other noncurrent liabilities	389,570		 	307,516		
Commitments and contingencies		 			
Stockholders’ equity:	 	 	 	
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized, 317,820,824 and 309,126,386 s hares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively	3,178		 	3,091		
Additional paid-in capital	1,403,630		 	1,141,451		
Retained earnings	3,428,725		 	3,124,103		
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(116,061	)	 	(70,476	)	
Total Company stockholders' equity	4,719,472		 	4,198,169		
Noncontrolling interest	57,503		 	8,484		
Total stockholders' equity	4,776,975		 	4,206,653		
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	11,548,631		 	$	9,366,872		

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

LKQ CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)	
								
 	Six Months Ended	
 	June 30,	
 	2018	 	2017	
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:	 	 	 	
Net income	$	310,629		 	$	287,192		
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:	 	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization	129,504		 	106,606		
Stock-based compensation expense	11,844		 	12,443		
Loss on sale of business	—		 	8,580		
Other	4,356		 	(4,740	)	
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions and dispositions:	 	 	 	
Receivables, net	(112,178	)	 	(98,362	)	
Inventories	(12,777	)	 	(20,378	)	
Prepaid income taxes/income taxes payable	6,090		 	4,418		
Accounts payable	(25,380	)	 	63,589		
Other operating assets and liabilities	16,581		 	2,749		
Net cash provided by operating activities	328,669		 	362,097		
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:	 	 	 	
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(115,421	)	 	(91,545	)	
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(1,135,970	)	 	(100,728	)	
Proceeds from disposals of business/investment	—		 	301,297		
Other investing activities, net	2,174		 	4,712		
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(1,249,217	)	 	113,736		
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:	 	 	 	
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	2,922		 	5,151		
Taxes paid related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards	(3,834	)	 	(3,955	)	
Debt issuance costs	(16,759	)	 	—		
Proceeds from issuance of Euro Notes (2026/28)	1,232,100		 	—		
Borrowings under revolving credit facilities	613,658		 	162,794		
Repayments under revolving credit facilities	(766,597	)	 	(585,454	)	
Repayments under term loans	(8,810	)	 	(18,590	)	
Borrowings under receivables securitization facility	—		 	150		
Repayments under receivables securitization facility	—		 	(5,000	)	
(Repayments) borrowings of other debt, net	(2,444	)	 	19,591		
Payments of other obligations	—		 	(2,079	)	
Other financing activities, net	4,107		 	4,316		
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	1,054,343		 	(423,076	)	
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(68,359	)	 	16,271		
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	65,436		 	69,028		
        Cash and cash equivalents of continuing operations, beginning of period	279,766		 	227,400		
Add: Cash and cash equivalents of discontinued operations, beginning of period	—		 	7,116		
Cash and cash equivalents of continuing and discontinued operations, beginning of period	279,766		 	234,516		
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	345,202		 	$	303,544		
Supplemental disclosure of cash paid for:	 	 	 	
Income taxes, net of refunds	$	110,745		 	$	150,555		
Interest	55,768		 	46,606		
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:	 	 	 	
Stock issued in acquisitions	$	251,334		 	$	—		
Contingent consideration liabilities	34		 	4,279		
Notes payable and other financing obligations, including notes issued and debt assumed in connection with business acquisitions	65,460		 	5,965		
Noncash property, plant and equipment additions	7,004		 	4,185		
Notes and other financing receivables in connection with disposals of business/investment	—		 	5,848		

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

LKQ CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(In thousands)	
																											
 	 	 	 	 	LKQ Stockholders	 	 	 	 	
 	Common Stock	 	Additional Paid-In Capital	 	Retained
Earnings	 	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive (Loss) Income	 	Noncontrolling Interest	 	Total Stockholders' Equity	
 	Shares
Issued	 	Amount	 										
BALANCE, January 1, 2018	309,127		 	$	3,091		 	$	1,141,451		 	$	3,124,103		 	$	(70,476	)	 	$	8,484		 	$	4,206,653		
Net income	—		 	—		 	—		 	309,967		 	—		 	662		 	310,629		
Other comprehensive loss	—		 	—		 	—		 			 	(50,930	)	 	—		 	(50,930	)	
Stock issued in acquisitions	8,056		 	81		 	251,253		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	251,334		
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for employee tax	344		 	3		 	(2,780	)	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(2,777	)	
Stock-based compensation expense	—		 	—		 	11,844		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	11,844		
Exercise of stock options	321		 	3		 	2,919		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	2,922		
Shares withheld for net share settlement of stock option awards	(27	)	 	—		 	(1,057	)	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(1,057	)	
Adoption of ASU 2018-02 (see Note 4)	—		 	—		 	—		 	(5,345	)	 	5,345		 	—		 	—		
Capital contributions from noncontrolling interest shareholder	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	4,107		 	4,107		
Acquired noncontrolling interest	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	44,250		 	44,250		
BALANCE, June 30, 2018	317,821		 	$	3,178		 	$	1,403,630		 	$	3,428,725		 	$	(116,061	)	 	$	57,503		 	$	4,776,975		

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
6

LKQ CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1.	Interim Financial Statements	
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements represent the consolidation of LKQ Corporation, a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries. LKQ Corporation is a holding company and all operations are conducted by subsidiaries. When the terms "LKQ," "the Company," "we," "us," or "our" are used in this document, those terms refer to LKQ Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries.
We have prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") applicable to interim financial statements. Accordingly, certain information related to our significant accounting policies and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") have been condensed or omitted. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of management, all material adjustments (which include only normally recurring adjustments) necessary to fairly state, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.
Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that can be expected for any subsequent interim period or for a full year. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017  filed with the SEC on February 28, 2018 ("2017 Form 10-K").

Note 2. Business Combinations
On May 30, 2018 , we acquired Stahlgruber GmbH ("Stahlgruber"), a leading European wholesale distributor of aftermarket spare parts for passenger cars, tools, capital equipment and accessories with operations in Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, and with further sales to Switzerland. Total acquisition date fair value of the consideration for our Stahlgruber acquisition was € 1.2 billion  ($ 1.4 billion ), composed of € 1.0 billion  ($ 1.1 billion ) of cash paid (net of cash acquired), and € 215 million  ($ 251 million ) of newly issued shares of LKQ common stock. We financed the acquisition with the proceeds from €1.0 billion ( $1.2 billion ) of senior notes, the direct issuance to Stahlgruber's owner of 8,055,569 newly issued shares of LKQ common stock, and borrowings under our existing revolving credit facility.
On May 3, 2018, the European Commission cleared the acquisition for the entire European Union, except with respect to the wholesale automotive parts business in the Czech Republic. The acquisition of the Czech Republic wholesale business has been referred to the Czech Republic competition authority for review. The Czech Republic wholesale business represents an immaterial portion of Stahlgruber's revenue and profitability.
We recorded $ 931 million of goodwill related to our acquisition of Stahlgruber, of which we expect $240 million to be deductible for income tax purposes. In the period between the acquisition date and June 30, 2018 , Stahlgruber, which is reported in our Europe reportable segment, generated revenue of $ 168 million and operating income of $ 6 million .
In addition to our acquisition of Stahlgruber, we completed acquisitions of one wholesale business in North America and four wholesale businesses in Europe. Total acquisition date fair value of the consideration for these acquisitions was $ 7 million , composed of $ 6 million  of cash paid (net of cash acquired) and $ 1 million  of notes payable. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, we recorded  $3 million  of goodwill related to these acquisitions, which we do not expect to be deductible for income tax purposes. In the period between the acquisition dates and June 30, 2018, these acquisitions generated revenue of  $4 million  and operating income of  $0.5 million .
During the year ended December 31, 2017, we completed 26 acquisitions including 6 wholesale businesses in North America, 16 wholesale businesses in Europe and 4 Specialty businesses. Our acquisitions in Europe included the acquisition of four aftermarket parts distribution businesses in Belgium in July 2017. Our Specialty acquisitions included the acquisition of the aftermarket business of Warn Industries, Inc. ("Warn"), a leading designer, manufacturer and marketer of high performance vehicle equipment and accessories, in November 2017 .

7

Total acquisition date fair value of the consideration for our 2017 acquisitions was $542 million , composed of $510 million of cash paid (net of cash acquired), $6 million  for the estimated value of contingent payments to former owners (with maximum potential payments totaling  $19 million ), $5 million of other purchase price obligations (non-interest bearing) and $20 million of notes payable. We typically fund our acquisitions using borrowings under our credit facilities or other financing arrangements. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we recorded  $307 million  of goodwill related to these acquisitions, of which we expect  $21 million  to be deductible for income tax purposes.
Our acquisitions are accounted for under the purchase method of accounting and are included in our consolidated financial statements from the dates of acquisition. The purchase prices were allocated to the net assets acquired based upon estimated fair values at the dates of acquisition. The purchase price allocations for the acquisitions made during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and the last six months of the year ended December 31, 2017 are preliminary as we are in the process of determining the following: 1) valuation amounts for certain receivables, inventories and fixed assets acquired; 2) valuation amounts for certain intangible assets acquired; 3) the acquisition date fair value of certain liabilities assumed; and 4) the tax basis of the entities acquired. We have recorded preliminary estimates for certain of the items noted above and will record adjustments, if any, to the preliminary amounts upon finalization of the valuations. During the first half of 2018, the measurement period adjustments recorded for acquisitions completed in prior periods were not material.
The purchase price allocations for the acquisitions completed during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017 are as follows (in thousands):

																
 	Six Months Ended	 	Year Ended	
 	June 30, 2018	 	December, 31, 2017	
 	Stahlgruber	 	Other Acquisitions (2)	 	Total	 	All
Acquisitions  (1)	
Receivables	$	143,785		 	$	3,276		 	$	147,061		 	$	73,782		
Receivable reserves	(2,818	)	 	(663	)	 	(3,481	)	 	(7,032	)	
Inventories (3)	352,053		 	4,168		 	356,221		 	150,342		
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	7,287		 	28		 	7,315		 	(295	)	
Property ,  plant and equipment	260,638		 	2,046		 	262,684		 	41,039		
Goodwill	930,567		 	(676	)	 	929,891		 	314,817		
Other intangibles	280,399		 	5,134		 	285,533		 	181,216		
Other assets	16,625		 	265		 	16,890		 	3,257		
Deferred income taxes	(98,497	)	 	(1,605	)	 	(100,102	)	 	(65,087	)	
Current liabilities assumed	(315,175	)	 	(6,915	)	 	(322,090	)	 	(111,484	)	
Debt assumed	(65,852	)	 	—		 	(65,852	)	 	(33,586	)	
Other noncurrent liabilities assumed (4)	(83,637	)	 	—		 	(83,637	)	 	(1,917	)	
Noncontrolling interest	(44,250	)	 	—		 	(44,250	)	 	—		
Contingent consideration liabilities	—		 	(34	)	 	(34	)	 	(6,234	)	
Other purchase price obligations	(2,349	)	 	3,312		 	963		 	(5,074	)	
Stock issued	(251,334	)	 	—		 	(251,334	)	 	—		
Notes issued	—		 	(571	)	 	(571	)	 	(20,187	)	
Settlement of pre-existing balances	—		 	—		 	—		 	242		
Gains on bargain purchases (5)	—		 	(328	)	 	(328	)	 	(3,870	)	
Settlement of other purchase price obligations (non-interest bearing)	—		 	1,091		 	1,091		 	3,159		
Cash used in acquisitions, net of cash acquired	$	1,127,442		 	$	8,528		 	$	1,135,970		 	$	513,088		
		
(1)	The amounts recorded during the year ended December 31, 2017 include $6 million and $3 million of adjustments to reduce property, plant and equipment and other assets for Rhiag-Inter Auto Parts Italia S.p.A. (“Rhiag”) and Pittsburgh Glass Works LLC (“PGW”), respectively.	
		
(2)	The amounts recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2018 include a $5 million adjustment to increase other intangibles related to our Warn acquisition and $4 million of adjustments to reduce other purchase price obligations related to other 2017 acquisitions.	
		
(3)	The amounts for our 2017 acquisitions include a $4 million step-up adjustment related to our Warn acquisition.	

8

		
(4)	The amount recorded for our acquisition of Stahlgruber includes a $75 million liability for certain pension obligations. See Note 13, "Employee Benefit Plans" for information related to our defined benefit plans.	
		
(5)	The amount recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2018 is due to the gain on bargain purchase related to an acquisition in Europe completed in the second quarter of 2017 as a result of a change in the acquisition date fair value of the consideration. The amount recorded during the year ended December 31, 2017 includes a  $2 million  increase to the gain on bargain purchase recorded for our Andrew Page Limited ("Andrew Page") acquisition as a result of changes to our estimate of the fair value of the net assets acquired. The remainder of the gain on bargain purchase recorded during the year ended December 31, 2017 is an immaterial amount related to another acquisition in Europe completed in the second quarter of 2017.	
The fair value of our intangible assets is based on a number of inputs, including projections of future cash flows, assumed royalty rates and customer attrition rates, all of which are Level 3 inputs. The fair value of our property, plant and equipment is determined using inputs such as market comparables and current replacement or reproduction costs of the asset, adjusted for physical, functional and economic factors; these adjustments to arrive at fair value use unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, and therefore, these inputs are considered to be Level 3 inputs. See Note 12, "Fair Value Measurements " for further information regarding the tiers in the fair value hierarchy.
The acquisition of Stahlgruber expands LKQ's geographic presence in continental Europe and serves as an additional strategic hub for our European operations. In addition, we believe the acquisition of Stahlgruber will allow for continued improvement in procurement, logistics and infrastructure optimization. The primary objectives of our other acquisitions made during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017 were to create economic value for our stockholders by enhancing our position as a leading source for alternative collision and mechanical repair products and to expand into other product lines and businesses that may benefit from our operating strengths. Certain 2017 acquisitions were completed to enable us to align our distribution model in the Benelux region.
When we identify potential acquisitions, we attempt to target companies with a leading market presence, an experienced management team and workforce that provides a fit with our existing operations, and strong cash flows. For certain of our acquisitions, we have identified cost savings and synergies as a result of integrating the company with our existing business that provide additional value to the combined entity. In many cases, acquiring companies with these characteristics will result in purchase prices that include a significant amount of goodwill.

9

The following pro forma summary presents the effect of the businesses acquired during the six months ended June 30, 2018 as though the businesses had been acquired as of January 1, 2017, and the businesses acquired during the year ended December 31, 2017 as though they had been acquired as of January 1, 2016. The pro forma adjustments are based upon unaudited financial information of the acquired entities (in thousands, except per share data):

																
 	Three Months Ended	 	Six Months Ended	
 	June 30,	 	June 30,	
 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Revenue, as reported	$	3,030,751		 	$	2,458,411		 	$	5,751,515		 	$	4,801,254		
Revenue of purchased businesses for the period prior to acquisition:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stahlgruber	336,318		 	432,658		 	815,405		 	813,042		
Other acquisitions	2,687		 	127,358		 	8,844		 	272,063		
Pro forma revenue	$	3,369,756		 	$	3,018,427		 	$	6,575,764		 	$	5,886,359		
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from continuing operations, as reported (1)	$	157,866		 	$	150,914		 	$	310,629		 	$	291,723		
Income from continuing operations of purchased businesses for the period prior to acquisition, and pro forma purchase accounting adjustments:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stahlgruber	9,864		 	1,267		 	2,635		 	(6,321	)	
Other acquisitions	69		 	5,067		 	238		 	12,579		
Acquisition related expenses, net of tax (2)	11,744		 	1,465		 	13,305		 	2,709		
Pro forma income from continuing operations	$	179,543		 	$	158,713		 	$	326,807		 	$	300,690		
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Earnings per share from continuing operations, basic - as reported	$	0.51		 	$	0.49		 	$	1.00		 	$	0.95		
Effect of purchased businesses for the period prior to acquisition:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stahlgruber	0.03		 	0.00		 	0.01		 	(0.02	)	
Other acquisitions	0.00		 	0.02		 	0.00		 	0.04		
Acquisition related expenses, net of tax (2)	0.04		 	0.00		 	0.04		 	0.01		
Impact of share issuance from acquisition of Stahlgruber	(0.01	)	 	(0.01	)	 	(0.02	)	 	(0.02	)	
Pro forma earnings per share from continuing operations, basic (3)  	$	0.56		 	$	0.50		 	$	1.03		 	$	0.95		
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Earnings per share from continuing operations, diluted - as reported	$	0.50		 	$	0.49		 	$	0.99		 	$	0.94		
Effect of purchased businesses for the period prior to acquisition:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stahlgruber	0.03		 	0.00		 	0.01		 	(0.02	)	
Other acquisitions	0.00		 	0.02		 	0.00		 	0.04		
Acquisition related expenses, net of tax (2)	0.04		 	0.00		 	0.04		 	0.01		
Impact of share issuance from acquisition of Stahlgruber	(0.01	)	 	(0.01	)	 	(0.02	)	 	(0.02	)	
Pro forma earnings per share from continuing operations, diluted (3)  	$	0.56		 	$	0.50		 	$	1.02		 	$	0.94		
		
(1)	Includes interest expense for the period from April 9, 2018 through June 30, 2018 recorded on the senior notes issued as part of our acquisition of Stahlgruber.	
		
(2)	Includes expenses related to acquisitions closed in the period and excludes expenses for acquisitions not yet completed.	
		
(3)	The sum of the individual earnings per share amounts may not equal the total due to rounding.	
Unaudited pro forma supplemental information is based upon accounting estimates and judgments that we believe are reasonable. The unaudited pro forma supplemental information includes the effect of purchase accounting adjustments, such as the adjustment of inventory acquired to fair value, adjustments to depreciation on acquired property, plant and equipment, adjustments to rent expense for above or below market leases, adjustments to amortization on acquired intangible assets, adjustments to interest expense, and the related tax effects. The pro forma impact of our acquisitions also reflects the elimination of acquisition related expenses, net of tax. Refer to Note 6, "Restructuring and Acquisition Related Expenses," for further information regarding our acquisition related expenses. The pro forma information also includes the impact of the common stock issued to Stahlgruber as if it were issued on January 1, 2017. These pro forma results are not necessarily indicative of what would have occurred if the acquisitions had been in effect for the periods presented or of future results.

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Note 3. Discontinued Operations
On March 1, 2017 , LKQ completed the sale of the glass manufacturing business of its PGW subsidiary to a subsidiary of Vitro S.A.B. de C.V. ("Vitro") for a sales price of  $301 million , including cash received of  $316 million , net of cash disposed of  $15 million . Related to this transaction, the remaining portion of the Glass operating segment was combined with our Wholesale - North America operating segment, which is part of our North America reportable segment, in the first quarter of 2017. See Note 16, "Segment and Geographic Information " for further information regarding our segments.
In connection with the Stock and Asset Purchase Agreement, the Company and Vitro entered into a twelve-month Transition Services Agreement commencing on the transaction date with two six-month renewal periods, a three-year Purchase and Supply Agreement, and an Intellectual Property Agreement.
The following table summarizes the operating results of the Company’s discontinued operations related to the sale described above for the six months ended June 30, 2017, as presented in Net loss from discontinued operations on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (in thousands):

				
 	Six Months Ended	
 	June 30, 2017	
Revenue	$	111,130		
Cost of goods sold	100,084		
Selling, general and administrative expenses	8,369		
Operating income	2,677		
Interest and other income, net (1)	1,204		
Income from discontinued operations before taxes	3,881		
Provision for income taxes	3,598		
Equity in loss of unconsolidated subsidiaries	(534	)	
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	(251	)	
Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax (2)	(4,280	)	
Net loss from discontinued operations	$	(4,531	)	
(1) The Company elected to allocate interest expense to discontinued operations based on the expected debt to be repaid. Under this approach, allocated interest from January 1, 2017 through the date of sale was $2 million . This expense was offset by foreign currency gains.
(2) In the first quarter of 2017, upon closing of the sale and write-off of the net assets of the glass manufacturing business, we recorded a pre-tax loss on sale of  $9 million , and a  $4 million  tax benefit. The incremental loss primarily reflects a  $6 million  payable for intercompany sales from the glass manufacturing business to the aftermarket automotive glass distribution business incurred prior to closing, which was paid by LKQ during the second quarter of 2017, and capital expenditures in 2017 that were not reimbursed by the buyer.
The glass manufacturing business had  $4 million  of operating cash outflows,  $4 million  of investing cash outflows mainly consisting of capital expenditures, and  $15 million  of financing cash inflows made up of parent financing for the period from January 1, 2017 through March 1, 2017.
Pursuant to the Purchase and Supply Agreement , our aftermarket automotive glass distribution business will source various products from Vitro's glass manufacturing business annually for a three-year period beginning on March 1, 2017. Between January 1, 2017 and the sale date of March 1, 2017, intercompany sales between the glass manufacturing business and the continuing aftermarket automotive glass distribution business of PGW, which were eliminated in consolidation, were  $8 million . All purchases from Vitro, including those outside of the Purchase and Supply Agreement, were  $8 million and $18 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, and were $ 13 million and $17 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and the period between the sale date of March 1, 2017 and June 30, 2017, respectively.

Note 4. Financial Statement Information
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
We have a reserve for uncollectible accounts, which was approximately $64 million and $58 million at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Our May 2018 acquisition of Stahlgruber contributed $ 3 million to our reserve for uncollectible accounts. See Note 2, "Business Combinations" for further information on our acquisitions.

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Inventories
Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

								
 	June 30,	 	December 31,	
 	2018	 	2017	
Aftermarket and refurbished products	$	2,208,122		 	$	1,877,653		
Salvage and remanufactured products	490,325		 	487,108		
Manufactured products	19,711		 	16,022		
Total inventories	$	2,718,158		 	$	2,380,783		
    Aftermarket and refurbished products and salvage and remanufactured products are primarily composed of finished goods. As of June 30, 2018, manufactured products inventory was composed of $13 million of raw materials, $2 million of work in process, and $5 million of finished goods. As of December 31, 2017, manufactured products inventory was composed of $10 million of raw materials, $2 million of work in process, and $4 million of finished goods.
Our May 2018 acquisition of Stahlgruber contributed $352 million to our aftermarket and refurbished products inventory. See Note 2, "Business Combinations" for further information on our acquisitions.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for major additions and improvements that extend the useful life of the related asset are capitalized. As property, plant and equipment are sold or retired, the applicable cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss thereon is recognized. Construction in progress consists primarily of building and land improvements at our existing facilities. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives or, in the case of leasehold improvements, the term of the related lease and reasonably assured renewal periods, if shorter.
Our estimated useful lives are as follows:

		
Land improvements	10-20 years	
Buildings and improvements	20-40 years	
Machinery and equipment	3-20 years	
Computer equipment and software	3-10 years	
Vehicles and trailers	3-10 years	
Furniture and fixtures	5-7 years	
Property, plant and equipment consists of the following (in thousands):

								
 	June 30,	 	December 31,	
 	2018	 	2017	
Land and improvements	$	187,210		 	$	137,790		
Buildings and improvements	367,550		 	233,078		
Machinery and equipment	601,967		 	521,526		
Computer equipment and software	142,363		 	133,753		
Vehicles and trailers	171,639		 	161,269		
Furniture and fixtures	50,772		 	31,794		
Leasehold improvements	279,259		 	257,506		
 	1,800,760		 	1,476,716		
Less—Accumulated depreciation	(661,819	)	 	(606,112	)	
Construction in progress	49,523		 	42,485		
Total property, plant and equipment, net	$	1,188,464		 	$	913,089		

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The components of opening property, plant and equipment acquired as part of our acquisition of Stahlgruber in May 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

				
 	 	
 	Gross Amount	
Land and improvements	$	47,281		
Buildings and improvements	125,649		
Machinery and equipment	49,384		
Computer equipment and software	3,760		
Vehicles and trailers	643		
Furniture and fixtures	28,535		
Leasehold improvements	1,890		
 	257,142		
Construction in progress	3,496		
Total property, plant and equipment	$	260,638		

We record depreciation expense associated with our refurbishing, remanufacturing, manufacturing and furnace operations as well as our distribution centers in Cost of goods sold on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. All other depreciation expense is reported in Depreciation and amortization. Total depreciation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was $39 million and $76 million , respectively, and $32 million and $59 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets consist primarily of goodwill (the cost of purchased businesses in excess of the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired) and other specifically identifiable intangible assets, such as trade names, trademarks, customer and supplier relationships, software and other technology related assets, and covenants not to compete.
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the six months ended June 30, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

																
 	North America	 	Europe	 	Specialty	 	Total	
Balance as of January 1, 2018	$	1,709,354		 	$	1,414,898		 	$	412,259		 	$	3,536,511		
Business acquisitions and adjustments to previously recorded goodwill	714		 	934,844		 	(5,667	)	 	929,891		
Exchange rate effects	(5,078	)	 	(39,536	)	 	188		 	(44,426	)	
Balance as of June 30, 2018	$	1,704,990		 	$	2,310,206		 	$	406,780		 	$	4,421,976		
During the six months ended June 30, 2018, we recorded $ 931 million  of goodwill related to our acquisition of Stahlgruber. See Note 2, "Business Combinations" for further information on our acquisitions.
The components of other intangibles, net are as follows (in thousands):

								
 	June 30, 2018	 	December 31, 2017	
Intangible assets subject to amortization	$	890,931		 	$	664,969		
Indefinite-lived intangible assets	 	 	 	
Trademarks	81,300		 	78,800		
Other indefinite-lived intangible assets	800		 	—		
Total	$	973,031		 	$	743,769		

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The components of intangible assets subject to amortization are as follows (in thousands):

																								
 	June 30, 2018	 	December 31, 2017	
 	Gross
Carrying
Amount	 	Accumulated
Amortization	 	Net	 	Gross
Carrying
Amount	 	Accumulated
Amortization	 	Net	
Trade names and trademarks	$	494,456		 	$	(82,715	)	 	$	411,741		 	$	327,332		 	$	(75,095	)	 	$	252,237		
Customer and supplier relationships	580,314		 	(196,983	)	 	383,331		 	510,113		 	(167,532	)	 	342,581		
Software and other technology related assets	160,110		 	(68,163	)	 	91,947		 	124,049		 	(59,081	)	 	64,968		
Covenants not to compete	13,550		 	(9,638	)	 	3,912		 	14,981		 	(9,798	)	 	5,183		
Total	$	1,248,430		 	$	(357,499	)	 	$	890,931		 	$	976,475		 	$	(311,506	)	 	$	664,969		

The components of intangible assets acquired as part of our acquisition of Stahlgruber in May 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

				
 	Gross Amount	
Trade names and trademarks	$	173,382		
Customer and supplier relationships	78,239		
Software and other technology related assets	28,778		
 	$	280,399		
The weighted-average amortization periods for our intangible assets acquired during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017 are as follows (in years):

				
 	Six Months Ended	 	Year Ended	
 	June 30, 2018	 	December 31, 2017	
 	Stahlgruber	 	All Acquisitions	
Trade names and trademarks	19.9	 	11.2	
Customer and supplier relationships	3.0	 	18.6	
Software and other technology related assets	7.4	 	11.1	
Covenants not to compete	-	 	4.4	
Total intangible assets	13.9	 	16.5	
Our estimated useful lives for our finite-lived intangible assets are as follows:

				
 	Method of Amortization	 	Useful Life	
Trade names and trademarks	Straight-line	 	4-30 years	
Customer and supplier relationships	Accelerated	 	3-20 years	
Software and other technology related assets	Straight-line	 	3-15 years	
Covenants not to compete	Straight-line	 	2-5 years	
Amortization expense for intangibles was $30 million and $54 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, and $25 million and $48 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for each of the five years in the period ending December 31, 2022 is $78 million (for the remaining six months of 2018), $129 million , $98 million , $73 million and $61 million , respectively.
Investments in Unconsolidated Subsidiaries
Our investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries was $203 million and $208 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. On December 1, 2016 , we acquired a 26.5% equity interest in Mekonomen AB ("Mekonomen") for an aggregate purchase price of $181 million . Headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden, Mekonomen is the leading independent car

14

parts and service chain in the Nordic region of Europe, offering a range of products including spare parts and accessories for cars, and workshop services for consumers and businesses. We are accounting for our interest in Mekonomen using the equity method of accounting, as our investment gives us the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the investee. As of June 30, 2018, the book value of our investment in Mekonomen exceeded our share of the book value of Mekonomen's net assets by $122 million ; this difference is primarily related to goodwill and the fair value of other intangible assets. We are recording our equity in the net earnings of Mekonomen on a one quarter lag. We recorded equity in earnings of $1 million and $2 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, and $2 million during each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 related to our investment in Mekonomen, including adjustments to convert the results to GAAP and to recognize the impact of our purchase accounting adjustments. In May 2018 and May 2017, we received cash dividends of $8 million (SEK 67 million ) and $7 million (SEK 67 million ), respectively, related to our investment in Mekonomen. The Level 1 fair value of our equity investment in the publicly traded Mekonomen common stock at June 30, 2018 was $132 million ( $168 million as of August 2, 2018) compared to a carrying value of $194 million . We evaluated our investment in Mekonomen for other-than-temporary impairment and concluded the decline in fair value was not other-than-temporary, but a prolonged stock price decrease will cause the decline to be a permanent impairment.
Warranty Reserve
Some of our salvage mechanical products are sold with a standard six month warranty against defects. Additionally, some of our remanufactured engines are sold with a standard three year warranty against defects. We also provide a limited lifetime warranty for certain of our aftermarket products. These assurance-type warranties are not considered a separate performance obligation and thus, no transaction price is allocated to them. We record the warranty costs in Cost of goods sold on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Our warranty reserve is calculated using historical claim information to project future warranty claims activity and is recorded within Other accrued expenses and Other noncurrent liabilities on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets based on the expected timing of the related payments.
The changes in the warranty reserve are as follows (in thousands):

				
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	23,151		
Warranty expense	22,992		
Warranty claims	(21,088	)	
Balance as of June 30, 2018	$	25,055		
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Adoption of New Revenue Standard
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" ("ASU 2014-09"). This update outlines a new comprehensive revenue recognition model that supersedes the prior revenue recognition guidance and requires companies to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The FASB has issued several updates to ASU 2014-09, which collectively with ASU 2014-09, represent the FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606 (“ASC 606”). On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASC 606 for all contracts using the modified retrospective method, which means the historical periods are presented under the previous revenue standards with the cumulative net income effect being adjusted through retained earnings.
Most of the changes resulting from our adoption of ASC 606 were changes in presentation within the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Therefore, while we made adjustments to certain opening balances on our January 1, 2018 balance sheet, we made no adjustments to opening retained earnings. We expect the impact of the adoption of ASC 606 to be immaterial to our net income on an ongoing basis. See Note 5, "Revenue Recognition" for the required disclosures under ASC 606.
With the adoption of ASC 606, we reclassified certain amounts related to variable consideration. Under ASC 606, we are required to present a refund liability and a returns asset within the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, whereas in periods prior to adoption, we presented the estimated margin impact of expected returns as a contra-asset within accounts receivable. Additionally, under ASC 606, the changes in the refund liability are reported in revenue, and the changes in the returns assets are reported in Cost of goods sold in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Prior to adoption, the change in the reserve for returns was generally reported as a net amount within revenue. As a result, the income statement presentation was adjusted concurrently with the balance sheet change beginning in 2018.

15

The cumulative effect of the changes made to our consolidated January 1, 2018 balance sheet for the adoption of ASC 606 was as follows (in thousands):

												
 	Balance as of December 31, 2017	 	Adjustments Due to ASC 606	 	Balance as of January 1, 2018	
Balance Sheet	 	 	 	 	 	
Assets	 	 	 	 	 	
Accounts receivable	$	1,027,106		 	$	38,511		 	$	1,065,617		
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	134,479		 	44,508		 	178,987		
Liabilities	 	 	 	 	 	
Refund liability	—		 	83,019		 	83,019		
The impact of the adoption of ASC 606 on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2018 and our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was as follows (in thousands):

												
 	Balance as of June 30, 2018	
 	As Reported	 	Amounts Without Adoption of ASC 606	 	Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)	
Balance Sheet	 	 	 	 	 	
Assets	 	 	 	 	 	
Accounts receivable	$	1,301,514		 	$	1,254,189		 	$	47,325		
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	228,732		 	172,363		 	56,369		
Liabilities	 	 	 	 	 	
Refund liability	103,694		 	—		 	103,694		

												
 	For the three months ended June 30, 2018	
 	As Reported	 	Amounts Without Adoption of ASC 606	 	Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)	
Income Statement	 	 	 	 	 	
Revenue	$	3,030,751		 	$	3,030,378		 	$	373		
Cost of goods sold	1,868,872		 	1,867,781		 	1,091		
Selling, general and administrative expenses	826,044		 	826,762		 	(718	)	

												
 	For the six months ended June 30, 2018	
 	As Reported	 	Amounts Without Adoption of ASC 606	 	Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)	
Income Statement	 	 	 	 	 	
Revenue	$	5,751,515		 	$	5,759,091		 	$	(7,576	)	
Cost of goods sold	3,535,665		 	3,541,955		 	(6,290	)	
Selling, general and administrative expenses	1,592,935		 	1,594,221		 	(1,286	)	
We have not included a table of the impact of the balance sheet adjustments on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows as the adjustment will net to zero within the operating activities section of this statement.
Under ASC 606, we have elected not to adjust consideration for the effect of a significant financing component at contract inception if the period between the transfer of goods to the customer and payment received from the customer is one year or less. Generally, our payment terms are short term in nature, but in some instances we may offer extended terms to customers exceeding one year such that interest would be accrued with respect to those contracts. The interest that would be accrued related to these contracts is immaterial at June 30, 2018.

16

Under ASC 340, "Other Assets and Deferred Costs," we have elected to recognize incremental costs of obtaining a contract (commissions earned by our sales representatives on product sales) as an expense when incurred, as we believe the amortization period of the asset would be one year or less due to the short-term nature of our contracts.
Other Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
During the first quarter of 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“ASU 2016-01”), which changes how entities will recognize, measure, present and make disclosures about certain financial assets and financial liabilities. The adoption of ASU 2016-01 did not have a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows or disclosures.
During the first quarter of 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2016-15, "Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments" ("ASU 2016-15"), which includes guidance on classification for the following items: debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs, settlement of zero coupon bonds, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims and corporate-owned or bank-owned life insurance policies, distributions received from equity method investees, beneficial interests in securitization transactions, and other separately identifiable cash flows where application of the predominance principle is prescribed. No adjustments were required in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows upon adoption. Within our Unaudited Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows in Note 17, "Condensed Consolidating Financial Information ," we now present a new line item, Payments of deferred purchase price on receivables securitization, as a result of adopting ASU 2016-15; prior year cash flow information within this footnote has been recast to reflect the impact of adopting this accounting standard. Other than the addition of this new line item, there was no impact to our Unaudited Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows upon adoption.
During the first quarter of 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2017-01 "Clarifying the Definition of a Business" (“ASU 2017-01”), which requires an evaluation of whether substantially all of the fair value of assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. If so, the transaction does not qualify as a business. The guidance also requires an acquired business to include at least one substantive process and narrows the definition of outputs.  The adoption of ASU 2017-01 did not have a material impact on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
During the first quarter of 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2018-02, "Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income" ("ASU 2018-02"), which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the reduction of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to 21% from 35% due to the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "Tax Act"). In addition, under ASU 2018-02, an entity is required to provide certain disclosures regarding stranded tax effects. ASU 2018-02 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018; early adoption is permitted. As a result of the adoption of ASU 2018-02, we recorded a $5 million reclassification to increase Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income and decrease Retained Earnings.
During the first quarter of 2018, we adopted ASU No. 2017-07, "Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost" ("ASU 2017-07"), which requires presentation of the current service cost component of net periodic benefit expense with other current compensation expenses for the related employees, and requires presentation of the remaining components of net periodic benefit expense, such as interest, expected return on plan assets, and amortization of actuarial gains and losses, outside of operating income. ASU 2017-07 also specifies that, on a prospective basis, only the service cost component is eligible for capitalization into inventory or other assets. While the income statement classification provisions of ASU 2017-07 are applicable on a retrospective basis, due to the immaterial impact to our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income in prior periods, we did not recast prior period income statement information and adopted the classification provisions on a prospective basis. The change in the capitalization provisions under ASU 2017-07 did not have a material impact on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. See Note 13, "Employee Benefit Plans ," for further disclosure on the components of net periodic benefit expense and classification of the components within our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases" ("ASU 2016-02"), to increase transparency and comparability by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The main difference between current GAAP and ASU 2016-02 is the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under current GAAP. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The standard requires that entities apply the effects of these changes using a modified retrospective approach, which includes a number of optional practical expedients. While we are still in the process of quantifying the impact that the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, we anticipate the adoption will materially affect our consolidated balance sheet and disclosures, as the majority of our operating leases will be recorded on the balance sheet under ASU 2016-02. While we do not

17

anticipate the adoption of this accounting standard to have a material impact on our consolidated statements of income at this time, this conclusion may change as we finalize our assessment. In order to assist in our timely implementation of the new standard, we have purchased new software to track our leases. We have engaged a third party to assist with the implementation of the new software with an expectation to complete the implementation by the end of 2018. During the second quarter, we completed phase one of the software roll-out for our North America and Specialty operations.
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, "Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities" ("ASU 2017-12"), which amends the hedge accounting recognition and presentation requirements in ASC 815 ("Derivatives and Hedging"). ASU 2017-12 significantly alters the hedge accounting model by making it easier for an entity to achieve and maintain hedge accounting and provides for accounting that better reflects an entity's risk management activities. ASU 2017-12 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018; early adoption is permitted. Entities will adopt the provisions of ASU 2017-12 by applying a modified retrospective approach to existing hedging relationships as of the adoption date. At this time, we are still evaluating the impact of this standard on our financial statements.

Note 5. Revenue Recognition
The core principle of ASC 606 is to recognize revenue when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected to be received for those goods or services. ASC 606 defines a five-step process to achieve this core principle, which includes:
		
1.	Identifying contracts with customers,	
		
2.	Identifying performance obligations within those contracts,	
		
3.	Determining the transaction price,	
		
4.	Allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, which may include an estimate of variable consideration, and	
		
5.	Recognizing revenue when or as each performance obligation is satisfied.	
The majority of our revenue is derived from the sale of vehicle parts. Under both the previous revenue standards and ASC 606, we recognize revenue when the products are shipped to, delivered to or picked up by customers and title has transferred.
Sources of Revenue
We report our revenue in two categories: (i) parts and services and (ii) other. The following table sets forth our revenue by category, with our parts and services revenue further disaggregated by reportable segment (in thousands):

																
 	Three Months Ended	 	Six Months Ended	
 	June 30,	 	June 30,	
 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
North America	$	1,165,422		 	$	1,075,656		 	$	2,338,007		 	$	2,155,531		
Europe	1,279,996		 	887,872		 	2,317,042		 	1,707,039		
Specialty	411,633		 	362,355		 	762,307		 	676,254		
Parts and services	2,857,051		 	2,325,883		 	5,417,356		 	4,538,824		
Other	173,700		 	132,528		 	334,159		 	262,430		
Total revenue	$	3,030,751		 	$	2,458,411		 	$	5,751,515		 	$	4,801,254		
Parts and Services
Our parts revenue is generated from the sale of vehicle products including replacement parts, components and systems used in the repair and maintenance of vehicles and specialty products and accessories to improve the performance, functionality and appearance of vehicles. Services revenue includes additional services that are generally billed concurrently with the related product sales, such as the sale of service-type warranties and fees for admission to our self service yards.
In North America, our vehicle replacement products include sheet metal collision parts such as doors, hoods, and fenders; bumper covers; head and tail lamps; automotive glass products such as windshields; mirrors and grilles; wheels; and large mechanical items such as engines and transmissions. In Europe, our products include a wide variety of small mechanical products such as brake pads, discs and sensors; clutches; electrical products such as spark plugs and batteries; steering and suspension products; filters; and oil and automotive fluids. In our Specialty operations, we serve six product segments: truck and off-road; speed and performance; RV; towing; wheels, tires and performance handling; and miscellaneous accessories. 

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Our service-type warranties typically have service periods ranging from 6 months to 36 months . Under ASC 606, proceeds from these service-type warranties are deferred at contract inception and amortized on a straight-line basis to revenue over the contract period. The changes in deferred service-type warranty revenue are as follows (in thousands):

				
Balance as of January 1, 2018	$	19,465		
Additional warranty revenue deferred	19,271		
Warranty revenue recognized	(16,381	)	
Balance as of June 30, 2018	$	22,355		
Other Revenue
Revenue from other sources includes scrap sales, bulk sales to mechanical manufacturers (including cores) and sales of aluminum ingots and sows from our furnace operations. We derive scrap metal from several sources, including vehicles that have been used in both our wholesale and self service recycling operations and from OEMs and other entities that contract with us for secure disposal of "crush only" vehicles. The sale of hulks in our wholesale and self service recycling operations represents one performance obligation, and revenue is recognized based on a price per weight when the customer (processor) collects the scrap. Some adjustments may occur when the customer weighs the scrap at their location, and revenue is adjusted accordingly. We constrain our estimate of consideration to be received to the extent that we believe there will be a significant reversal in revenue.
Revenue by Geographic Area
See Note 16, "Segment and Geographic Information" for information related to our revenue by geographic region.
Variable Consideration
The amount of revenue ultimately received from the customer can vary due to variable consideration which includes returns, discounts, rebates, refunds, credits, price concessions, incentives, performance bonuses, or other similar items. The previous revenue guidance required us to estimate the transaction price using a best estimate approach. Under ASC 606 we are required to select the “expected value method” or the “most likely amount” method in order to estimate variable consideration. We utilize both methods in practice depending on the type of variable consideration. In addition, our estimates of variable consideration are constrained to the extent that a significant reversal in revenue is expected. We recorded a refund liability and return asset for expected returns of $104 million and $56 million , respectively, as of June 30, 2018 and a net reserve of $38 million as of December 31, 2017. The refund liability is presented separately on the balance sheet within current liabilities while the return asset is presented within prepaid expenses and other current assets. Other types of variable consideration consist primarily of discounts, volume rebates, and other customer sales incentives which are recorded in Receivables, net on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We recorded a reserve for our variable consideration of $89 million and $78 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. While other customer incentive programs exist, we characterize them as material rights in the context of our sales transactions. We consider these programs to be immaterial to our consolidated financial statements.

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Note 6. Restructuring and Acquisition Related Expenses
Acquisition Related Expenses
Acquisition related expenses, which include external costs such as legal, accounting and advisory fees, totaled $14 million and $16 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. Our 2018 expenses primarily consisted of external costs related to our acquisition of Stahlgruber totaling $13 million and $15 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. The remaining acquisition related costs related to (i) completed acquisitions, (ii) pending acquisitions as of June 30, 2018, and (iii) potential acquisitions that were terminated.     
Acquisition related expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 totaled $2 million and $5 million , respectively. Our 2017 expenses related to completed acquisitions and acquisitions that were pending as of June 30, 2017.
Acquisition Integration Plans and Restructuring
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 , we incurred $2 million and $4 million of restructuring expenses, respectively. Expenses incurred during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 were primarily related to the integration of our acquisition of Andrew Page. This integration included the closure of duplicate facilities and termination of employees.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , we incurred $0.4 million and $1 million of restructuring expenses, respectively, primarily related to the ongoing integration activities in our Specialty segment. Expenses incurred were primarily related to facility closure and the merger of existing facilities into larger distribution centers.
We expect to incur additional expenses related to the integration of certain of our acquisitions into our existing operations in 2018. These integration activities are expected to include the closure of duplicate facilities, rationalization of personnel in connection with the consolidation of overlapping facilities with our existing business, and moving expenses. Future expenses to complete these integration plans are expected to be less than $15 million .

Note 7. Stock-Based Compensation
In order to attract and retain employees, non-employee directors, consultants, and other persons associated with us, we may grant qualified and nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance shares and performance units under the LKQ Corporation 1998 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Equity Incentive Plan”). We have granted RSUs, stock options, and restricted stock under the Equity Incentive Plan. We expect to issue new shares of common stock to cover past and future equity grants.
RSUs
RSUs vest over periods of up to five years, subject to a continued service condition. Currently outstanding RSUs contain either a time-based vesting condition or a combination of a performance-based vesting condition and a time-based vesting condition, in which case both conditions must be met before any RSUs vest. For most of the RSUs containing a performance-based vesting condition, the Company must report positive diluted earnings per share, subject to certain adjustments, during any fiscal year period within  five  years following the grant date; we have an immaterial amount of RSUs containing other performance-based vesting conditions. Each RSU converts into one share of LKQ common stock on the applicable vesting date. The grant date fair value of RSUs is based on the market price of LKQ stock on the grant date.
The fair value of RSUs that vested during the six months ended June 30, 2018 was $17 million .

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The following table summarizes activity related to our RSUs under the Equity Incentive Plan for the six months ended June 30, 2018:

													
 	Number
Outstanding	 	Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value	 	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
(in years)	 	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
   (in thousands) (1)	
Unvested as of January 1, 2018	1,624,390		 	$	29.94		 	 	 	 	
Granted	593,131		 	$	42.72		 	 	 	 	
Vested	(414,625	)	 	$	28.95		 	 	 	 	
Forfeited / Canceled	(25,961	)	 	$	32.62		 	 	 	 	
Unvested as of June 30, 2018	1,776,935		 	$	34.40		 	 	 	 	
Expected to vest after June 30, 2018	1,618,650		 	$	34.34		 	2.8	 	$	51,633		
(1) The aggregate intrinsic value of expected to vest RSUs represents the total pretax intrinsic value (the fair value of the Company's stock on the last day of each period multiplied by the number of units) that would have been received by the holders had all RSUs vested. This amount changes based on the market price of the Company’s common stock.
Stock Options
Stock options vest over periods of up to five years, subject to a continued service condition. Stock options expire either six or ten  years from the date they are granted. No options were granted during the six months ended June 30, 2018. No options vested during the six months ended June 30, 2018; all of our outstanding options are fully vested.
The following table summarizes activity related to our stock options under the Equity Incentive Plan for the six months ended June 30, 2018:

													
 	Number
Outstanding	 	Weighted
Average Exercise Price	 	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
(in years)	 	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
   (in thousands) (1)	
Balance as of January 1, 2018	1,738,073		 	$	9.20		 	 	 	 	
Exercised	(321,267	)	 	$	9.10		 	 	 	$	9,450		
Canceled	(509	)	 	$	32.31		 	 	 	 	
Balance as of June 30, 2018	1,416,297		 	$	9.22		 	1.2	 	$	32,126		
Exercisable as of June 30, 2018	1,416,297		 	$	9.22		 	1.2	 	$	32,126		
(1) The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding and exercisable options represents the total pretax intrinsic value (the difference between the fair value of the Company's stock on the last day of each period and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of options where the fair value exceeds the exercise price) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options as of the last day of the period indicated. This amount changes based on the market price of the Company’s common stock.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Pre-tax stock-based compensation expense for RSUs totaled $6 million and $12 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, and $5 million and $12 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. As of June 30, 2018, unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested RSUs is $46 million . Stock-based compensation expense related to these awards will be different to the extent that forfeitures are realized.

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Note 8. Earnings Per Share
The following chart sets forth the computation of earnings per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):

																
 	Three Months Ended	 	Six Months Ended	
 	June 30,	 	June 30,	
 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Income from continuing operations	$	157,866		 	$	150,914		 	$	310,629		 	$	291,723		
Denominator for basic earnings per share—Weighted-average shares outstanding	312,556		 	308,407		 	311,045		 	308,218		
Effect of dilutive securities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
RSUs	406		 	453		 	512		 	509		
Stock options	1,050		 	1,536		 	1,131		 	1,622		
Denominator for diluted earnings per share—Adjusted weighted-average shares outstanding	314,012		 	310,396		 	312,688		 	310,349		
Basic earnings per share from continuing operations	$	0.51		 	$	0.49		 	$	1.00		 	$	0.95		
Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations	$	0.50		 	$	0.49		 	$	0.99		 	$	0.94		
The following table sets forth the number of employee stock-based compensation awards outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because their effect would have been antidilutive for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):

												
 	Three Months Ended	 	Six Months Ended	
 	June 30,	 	June 30,	
 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Antidilutive securities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
RSUs	575		 	—		 	288		 	73		
Stock options	—		 	76		 	—		 	77		

Note 9. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) are as follows (in thousands):

																					
 	 	Three Months Ended	
 	 	June 30, 2018	
 	 	Foreign
Currency
Translation	 	Unrealized Gain (Loss)
on Cash Flow Hedges	 	Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Pension Plans	 	Other Comprehensive Loss (Income) from Unconsolidated Subsidiaries	 	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive (Loss) Income	
Beginning balance	 	$	(20,589	)	 	$	17,278		 	$	(9,393	)	 	$	(1,914	)	 	$	(14,618	)	
Pretax (loss) income	 	(107,167	)	 	30,721		 	(690	)	 	—		 	(77,136	)	
Income tax effect	 	2,003		 	(7,183	)	 	(174	)	 	—		 	(5,354	)	
Reclassification of unrealized (gain) loss	 	—		 	(27,580	)	 	76		 	—		 	(27,504	)	
Reclassification of deferred income taxes	 	—		 	6,448		 	(19	)	 	—		 	6,429		
Other comprehensive income from unconsolidated subsidiaries	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	2,122		 	2,122		
Adoption of ASU 2018-02	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	—		
Ending balance	 	$	(125,753	)	 	$	19,684		 	$	(10,200	)	 	$	208		 	$	(116,061	)	

22

	
																					
 	 	Three Months Ended	
 	 	June 30, 2017	
 	 	Foreign
Currency
Translation	 	Unrealized Gain
(Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges	 	Unrealized (Loss) Gain
on Pension Plans	 	Other Comprehensive Loss from Unconsolidated Subsidiaries	 	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
(Loss) Income	
Beginning balance	 	$	(250,950	)	 	$	11,254		 	$	(5,778	)	 	$	(162	)	 	$	(245,636	)	
Pretax income (loss)	 	93,597		 	(30,179	)	 	(724	)	 	—		 	62,694		
Income tax effect	 	—		 	11,136		 	275		 	—		 	11,411		
Reclassification of unrealized loss (gain)	 	—		 	28,702		 	(550	)	 	—		 	28,152		
Reclassification of deferred income taxes	 	—		 	(10,589	)	 	137		 	—		 	(10,452	)	
Other comprehensive loss from unconsolidated subsidiaries	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(439	)	 	(439	)	
Ending balance	 	$	(157,353	)	 	$	10,324		 	$	(6,640	)	 	$	(601	)	 	$	(154,270	)	

	
																					
 	 	Six Months Ended	
 	 	June 30, 2018	
 	 	Foreign
Currency
Translation	 	Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges	 	Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Pension Plans	 	Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income from Unconsolidated Subsidiaries	 	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive (Loss) Income	
Beginning balance	 	$	(71,933	)	 	$	11,538		 	$	(8,772	)	 	$	(1,309	)	 	$	(70,476	)	
Pretax (loss) income	 	(58,732	)	 	26,220		 	(1,319	)	 	—		 	(33,831	)	
Income tax effect	 	2,053		 	(6,130	)	 	(166	)	 	—		 	(4,243	)	
Reclassification of unrealized (gain) loss	 	—		 	(18,833	)	 	76		 	—		 	(18,757	)	
Reclassification of deferred income taxes	 	—		 	4,403		 	(19	)	 	—		 	4,384		
Other comprehensive income from unconsolidated subsidiaries	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	1,517		 	1,517		
Adoption of ASU 2018-02	 	2,859		 	2,486		 	—		 	—		 	5,345		
Ending balance	 	$	(125,753	)	 	$	19,684		 	$	(10,200	)	 	$	208		 	$	(116,061	)	

	
																					
 	 	Six Months Ended	
 	 	June 30, 2017	
 	 	Foreign
Currency
Translation	 	Unrealized Gain
(Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges	 	Unrealized (Loss) Gain
on Pension Plans	 	Other Comprehensive Loss from Unconsolidated Subsidiaries	 	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
(Loss) Income	
Beginning balance	 	$	(272,529	)	 	$	8,091		 	$	(2,737	)	 	$	—		 	$	(267,175	)	
Pretax income (loss)	 	113,665		 	(29,347	)	 	112		 	—		 	84,430		
Income tax effect	 	—		 	10,780		 	(43	)	 	—		 	10,737		
Reclassification of unrealized loss (gain)	 	—		 	32,959		 	(721	)	 	—		 	32,238		
Reclassification of deferred income taxes	 	—		 	(12,159	)	 	185		 	—		 	(11,974	)	
Disposal of business, net	 	1,511		 	—		 	(3,436	)	 	—		 	(1,925	)	
Other comprehensive loss from unconsolidated subsidiaries	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(601	)	 	(601	)	
Ending balance	 	$	(157,353	)	 	$	10,324		 	$	(6,640	)	 	$	(601	)	 	$	(154,270	)	

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Net unrealized gains on our interest rate swaps totaling $1 million and $3 million were reclassified to Interest expense, net in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, compared to a loss of $2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017; the amount reclassified to Interest expense, net during the three months ended June 30, 2017 was immaterial. We also reclassified gains of  $3 million  and $4 million to Interest expense, net related to the foreign currency forward component of our cross currency swaps during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, compared to $2 million and $4 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017. Also related to our cross currency swaps, we reclassified gains of $24 million and $12 million to Other income, net in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, compared to losses of $30 million and $36 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017; these gains and losses offset the impact of the remeasurement of the underlying contracts. The deferred income taxes related to our cash flow hedges were reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to provision for income taxes.
As a result of the adoption of ASU 2018-02 in the first quarter of 2018, we recorded a $5 million reclassification to increase Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income and decrease Retained Earnings. See Note 4, "Financial Statement Information" for further information regarding the adoption of ASU 2018-02.

Note 10. Long-Term Obligations
Long-term obligations consist of the following (in thousands):

								
 	June 30,	 	December 31,	
 	2018	 	2017	
Senior secured credit agreement:	 	 	 	
Term loans payable	$	695,990		 	$	704,800		
Revolving credit facilities	1,120,911		 	1,283,551		
U.S. Notes (2023)	600,000		 	600,000		
Euro Notes (2024)	584,200		 	600,150		
Euro Notes (2026/28)	1,168,400		 	—		
Receivables securitization facility	100,000		 	100,000		
Notes payable through October 2025 at weighted average interest rates of 1.5% and 1.4%, respectively	26,998		 	29,146		
Other long-term debt at weighted average interest rates of 2.1% and 1.7%, respectively	179,501		 	110,633		
Total debt	4,476,000		 	3,428,280		
Less: long-term debt issuance costs	(32,832	)	 	(21,476	)	
Less: current debt issuance costs	(4,620	)	 	(2,824	)	
Total debt, net of debt issuance costs	4,438,548		 	3,403,980		
Less: current maturities, net of debt issuance costs	(177,372	)	 	(126,360	)	
Long term debt, net of debt issuance costs	$	4,261,176		 	$	3,277,620		
Senior Secured Credit Agreement
On December 1, 2017, LKQ Corporation, LKQ Delaware LLP, and certain other subsidiaries (collectively, the "Borrowers") entered into Amendment No. 2 to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement ("Credit Agreement"), which amended the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated January 29, 2016 by modifying certain terms to (1) extend the maturity date by approximately two years to January 29, 2023; (2) increase the total availability under the revolving credit facility's multicurrency component from $2.45 billion to $2.75 billion ; (3) increase the permitted net leverage ratio thresholds, including a temporary step-up in the allowable net leverage ratio in the case of permitted acquisitions; (4) modify the applicable margins and fees in the pricing grid; (5) increase the ability of LKQ and its subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness; and (6) make other immaterial or clarifying modifications and amendments. The increase in the revolving credit facility's multicurrency component of $300 million will be used for general corporate purposes.
Amounts under the revolving credit facility are due and payable upon maturity of the Credit Agreement on January 29, 2023. Term loan borrowings, which totaled $696 million as of June 30, 2018, are due and payable in quarterly installments equal to $4 million on the last day of each fiscal quarter ending on or after March 31, 2018 and prior to March 31, 2019 and $9 million on the last day of each fiscal quarter ending on or after March 31, 2019, with the remaining balance due and payable on January 29, 2023.

24

We are required to prepay the term loan by amounts equal to proceeds from the sale or disposition of certain assets if the proceeds are not reinvested within twelve months. We also have the option to prepay outstanding amounts under the Credit Agreement without penalty.
The Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and customary covenants that provide limitations and conditions on our ability to enter into certain transactions. The Credit Agreement also contains financial and affirmative covenants, including limitations on our net leverage ratio and a minimum interest coverage ratio.
Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at variable rates, which depend on the currency and duration of the borrowing elected, plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin is subject to change in increments of 0.25% depending on our net leverage ratio. Interest payments are due on the last day of the selected interest period or quarterly in arrears depending on the type of borrowing. Including the effect of the interest rate swap agreements described in Note 11, "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," the weighted average interest rates on borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were 2.5% and 2.2% , respectively. We also pay a commitment fee based on the average daily unused amount of the revolving credit facilities. The commitment fee is subject to change in increments of 0.025% and 0.05% depending on our net leverage ratio. In addition, we pay a participation commission on outstanding letters of credit at an applicable rate based on our net leverage ratio, and a fronting fee of 0.125% to the issuing bank, which are due quarterly in arrears.
Of the total borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement, $26 million and $18 million were classified as current maturities at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. As of June 30, 2018, there were letters of credit outstanding in the aggregate amount of $65 million . The amounts available under the revolving credit facilities are reduced by the amounts outstanding under letters of credit, and thus availability under the revolving credit facilities at June 30, 2018 was $1.6 billion .
Related to the execution of Amendment No. 2 to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement in December 2017, we incurred $5 million of fees, the majority of which were capitalized as an offset to Long-Term Obligations and are amortized over the term of the agreement.
U.S. Notes (2023)
In 2013, we issued $600 million aggregate principal amount of 4.75% senior notes due 2023 (the "U.S. Notes (2023)"). The U.S. Notes (2023) are governed by the Indenture dated as of May 9, 2013 (the "U.S. Notes (2023) Indenture") among LKQ Corporation, certain of our subsidiaries (the "Guarantors"), the trustee, paying agent, transfer agent and registrar. The U.S. Notes (2023) are registered under the Securities Act of 1933.
The U.S. Notes (2023) bear interest at a rate of 4.75% per year from the most recent payment date on which interest has been paid or provided for. Interest on the U.S. Notes (2023) is payable in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year. The U.S. Notes (2023) are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, by the Guarantors.
The U.S. Notes (2023) and the related guarantees are, respectively, LKQ Corporation's and each Guarantor's senior unsecured obligations and are subordinated to all of the Guarantors' existing and future secured debt to the extent of the assets securing that secured debt. In addition, the U.S. Notes (2023) are effectively subordinated to all of the liabilities of our subsidiaries that are not guaranteeing the U.S. Notes (2023) to the extent of the assets of those subsidiaries.
Euro Notes (2024)
On April 14, 2016, LKQ Italia Bondco S.p.A. (“LKQ Italia”), an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of LKQ Corporation, completed an offering of €500 million aggregate principal amount of senior notes due April 1, 2024 (the “Euro Notes (2024)”) in a private placement conducted pursuant to Regulation S and Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933. The proceeds from the offering were used to repay a portion of the revolver borrowings under the Credit Agreement and to pay related fees and expenses. The Euro Notes (2024) are governed by the Indenture dated as of April 14, 2016 (the “Euro Notes (2024) Indenture”) among LKQ Italia, LKQ Corporation and certain of our subsidiaries (the “Euro Notes (2024) Subsidiaries”), the trustee, and the paying agent, transfer agent, and registrar.
The Euro Notes (2024) bear interest at a rate of 3.875% per year from the date of original issuance or from the most recent payment date on which interest has been paid or provided for. Interest on the Euro Notes (2024) is payable in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year. The Euro Notes (2024) are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by LKQ Corporation and the Euro Notes (2024) Subsidiaries (the "Euro Notes (2024) Guarantors").
The Euro Notes (2024) and the related guarantees are, respectively, LKQ Italia’s and each Euro Notes (2024) Guarantor’s senior unsecured obligations and are subordinated to all of LKQ Italia's and the Euro Notes (2024) Guarantors’ existing and future secured debt to the extent of the assets securing that secured debt. In addition, the Euro Notes (2024) are

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effectively subordinated to all of the liabilities of our subsidiaries that are not guaranteeing the Euro Notes (2024) to the extent of the assets of those subsidiaries. The Euro Notes (2024) have been listed on the ExtraMOT, Professional Segment of the Borsa Italia S.p.A. securities exchange and the Global Exchange Market of Euronext Dublin.
Euro Notes (2026/28)
On April 9, 2018, LKQ European Holdings B.V. ("LKQ Euro Holdings"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of LKQ Corporation, completed an offering of  €1.0 billion  aggregate principal amount of senior notes. The offering consisted of  €750 million senior notes due 2026 (the "2026 notes") and €250 million senior notes due 2028 (the "2028 notes" and, together with the 2026 notes, the "Euro Notes (2026/28)") in a private placement conducted pursuant to Regulation S and Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933. The proceeds from the offering, together with borrowings under our senior secured credit facility, were or will be used to (i) finance a portion of the consideration paid for the Stahlgruber acquisition, (ii) for general corporate purposes and (iii) to pay related fees and expenses, including the refinancing of net financial debt. The Euro Notes (2026/28) are governed by the Indenture dated as of April 9, 2018 (the “Euro Notes (2026/28) Indenture”) among LKQ Euro Holdings, LKQ Corporation and certain of our subsidiaries (the “Euro Notes (2026/28) Subsidiaries”), the trustee, paying agent, transfer agent, and registrar.
The 2026 notes and 2028 notes bear interest at a rate of  3.625% and 4.125% , respectively, per year from the date of original issuance or from the most recent payment date on which interest has been paid or provided for. Interest on the Euro Notes (2026/28) is payable in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on October 1, 2018. The Euro Notes (2026/28) are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by LKQ Corporation and the Euro Notes (2026/28) Subsidiaries (the "Euro Notes (2026/28) Guarantors").
The Euro Notes (2026/28) and the related guarantees are, respectively, LKQ Euro Holdings' and each Euro Notes (2026/28) Guarantor’s senior unsecured obligations and will be subordinated to all of LKQ Euro Holdings' and the Euro Notes (2026/28) Guarantors’ existing and future secured debt to the extent of the assets securing that secured debt. In addition, the Euro Notes (2026/28) are effectively subordinated to all of the liabilities of our subsidiaries that are not guaranteeing the Euro Notes (2026/28) to the extent of the assets of those subsidiaries. The Euro Notes (2026/28) have been listed on the Global Exchange Market of Euronext Dublin.
Related to the execution of the Euro Notes (2026/28) in April 2018, we incurred $15 million of fees, which were capitalized as an offset to Long-Term Obligations and are amortized over the term of the Euro Notes (2026/28).
Receivables Securitization Facility
On November 29, 2016, we amended the terms of our receivables securitization facility with The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, LTD. ("BTMU") to: (i) extend the term of the facility to November 8, 2019; (ii) increase the maximum amount available to $100 million ; and (iii) make other clarifying and updating changes. Under the facility, LKQ sells an ownership interest in certain receivables, related collections and security interests to BTMU for the benefit of conduit investors and/or financial institutions for cash proceeds. Upon payment of the receivables by customers, rather than remitting to BTMU the amounts collected, LKQ retains such collections as proceeds for the sale of new receivables generated by certain of the ongoing operations of the Company.
The sale of the ownership interest in the receivables is accounted for as a secured borrowing in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, under which the receivables included in the program collateralize the amounts invested by BTMU, the conduit investors and/or financial institutions (the "Purchasers"). The receivables are held by LKQ Receivables Finance Company, LLC ("LRFC"), a wholly owned bankruptcy-remote special purpose subsidiary of LKQ, and therefore, the receivables are available first to satisfy the creditors of LRFC, including the Purchasers. Net receivables totaling $138 million and $144 million were collateral for the investment under the receivables facility as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
Under the receivables facility, we pay variable interest rates plus a margin on the outstanding amounts invested by the Purchasers. The variable rates are based on (i) commercial paper rates, (ii) the London InterBank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"), or (iii) base rates, and are payable monthly in arrears. The commercial paper rate is the applicable variable rate unless conduit investors are not available to invest in the receivables at commercial paper rates. In such case, financial institutions will invest at the LIBOR rate or at base rates. We also pay a commitment fee on the excess of the investment maximum over the average daily outstanding investment, payable monthly in arrears. As of June 30, 2018, the interest rate under the receivables facility was based on commercial paper rates and was 3.1% . The outstanding balances of $100 million as of both June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were classified as long-term on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets because we have the ability and intent to refinance these borrowings on a long-term basis.

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Note 11. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
We are exposed to market risks, including the effect of changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. Under our current policies, we use derivatives to manage our exposure to variable interest rates on our senior secured debt and changing foreign exchange rates for certain foreign currency denominated transactions. We do not hold or issue derivatives for trading purposes.
Cash Flow Hedges
We hold interest rate swap agreements to hedge a portion of the variable interest rate risk on our variable rate borrowings under our Credit Agreement, with the objective of minimizing the impact of interest rate fluctuations and stabilizing cash flows. Under the terms of the interest rate swap agreements, we pay the fixed interest rate and receive payment at a variable rate of interest based on LIBOR for the respective currency of each interest rate swap agreement’s notional amount. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap agreements is recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and is reclassified to interest expense when the underlying interest payment has an impact on earnings. The ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap agreements is reported in interest expense. Our interest rate swap contracts have maturity dates ranging from January to June 2021. As of June 30, 2018 , we held interest rate swap contracts representing $590 million of U.S. dollar-denominated debt.
From time to time, we may hold foreign currency forward contracts related to certain foreign currency denominated intercompany transactions, with the objective of minimizing the impact of fluctuating exchange rates on these future cash flows. Under the terms of the foreign currency forward contracts, we will sell the foreign currency in exchange for U.S. dollars at a fixed rate on the maturity dates of the contracts. The effective portion of the changes in fair value of the foreign currency forward contracts is recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and reclassified to other income, net when the underlying transaction has an impact on earnings.
In 2016, we entered into three cross currency swap agreements for a total notional amount of $422 million ( €400 million ). The notional amount steps down by €15 million annually through 2020 with the remainder maturing in January 2021. These cross currency swaps contain an interest rate swap component and a foreign currency forward contract component that, combined with related intercompany financing arrangements, effectively convert variable rate U.S. dollar-denominated borrowings into fixed rate euro-denominated borrowings. The swaps are intended to minimize the impact of fluctuating exchange rates and interest rates on the cash flows resulting from the related intercompany financing arrangements. The effective portion of the changes in the fair value of the derivative instruments is recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and is reclassified to interest expense, net when the underlying transactions have an impact on earnings.
The activity related to our cash flow hedges is presented in operating activities in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
The following table summarizes the notional amounts and fair values of our designated cash flow hedges as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands): 

																									
 	 	Notional Amount	 	Fair Value at June 30, 2018 (USD)	 	Fair Value at December 31, 2017 (USD)	
 	 	June 30, 2018	 	December 31, 2017	 	Other Assets	 	Other Noncurrent Liabilities	 	Other Assets	 	Other Noncurrent Liabilities	
Interest rate swap agreements	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
USD denominated	 	$	590,000		 	$	590,000		 	$	25,415		 	$	—		 	$	19,102		 	$	—		
Cross currency swap agreements	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
USD/euro	 	$	398,614		 	$	406,546		 	10,382		 	52,208		 	5,504		 	61,492		
Total cash flow hedges	 	$	35,797		 	$	52,208		 	$	24,606		 	$	61,492		
While certain derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty are subject to master netting arrangements, we present our cash flow hedge derivative instruments on a gross basis in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The impact of netting the fair values of these contracts would result in a decrease to Other Assets and Other Noncurrent Liabilities on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets of $18 million and $12 million at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively.
The activity related to our cash flow hedges is included in Note 9, "Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) ." Ineffectiveness related to our cash flow hedges was immaterial to our results of operations during each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 . We do not expect future ineffectiveness related to our cash flow hedges to have a material effect on our results of operations.

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As of June 30, 2018 , we estimate that $3 million of derivative gains (net of tax) included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) will be reclassified into our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income within the next 12 months.
Other Derivative Instruments
We hold other short-term derivative instruments, including foreign currency forward contracts, to manage our exposure to variability related to inventory purchases and intercompany financing transactions denominated in a non-functional currency. We have elected not to apply hedge accounting for these transactions, and therefore the contracts are adjusted to fair value through our results of operations as of each balance sheet date, which could result in volatility in our earnings. The notional amount and fair value of these contracts at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, along with the effect on our results of operations during each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , were immaterial.

Note 12. Fair Value Measurements
Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value
We use the market and income approaches to estimate the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities, and during the three months ended June 30, 2018, there were no significant changes in valuation techniques or inputs related to the financial assets or liabilities that we have historically recorded at fair value. The tiers in the fair value hierarchy include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted market prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as significant unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.
The following tables present information about our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs we utilized to determine such fair value as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

																
 	Balance as of June 30, 2018	 	Fair Value Measurements as of June 30, 2018	
			Level 1	 	Level 2	 	Level 3	
Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash surrender value of life insurance	$	50,233		 	$	—		 	$	50,233		 	$	—		
Interest rate swaps	25,415		 	—		 	25,415		 	—		
Cross currency swap agreements	10,382		 	—		 	10,382		 	—		
Total Assets	$	86,030		 	$	—		 	$	86,030		 	$	—		
Liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Contingent consideration liabilities	$	2,725		 	$	—		 	$	—		 	$	2,725		
Deferred compensation liabilities	51,564		 	—		 	51,564		 	—		
Cross currency swap agreements	52,208		 	—		 	52,208		 	—		
Total Liabilities	$	106,497		 	$	—		 	$	103,772		 	$	2,725		

																
 	Balance as of December 31, 2017	 	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2017	
			Level 1	 	Level 2	 	Level 3	
Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash surrender value of life insurance	$	45,984		 	$	—		 	$	45,984		 	$	—		
Interest rate swaps	19,102		 	—		 	19,102		 	—		
Cross currency swap agreements	5,504		 	—		 	5,504		 	—		
Total Assets	$	70,590		 	$	—		 	$	70,590		 	$	—		
Liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Contingent consideration liabilities	$	2,636		 	$	—		 	$	—		 	$	2,636		
Deferred compensation liabilities	47,199		 	—		 	47,199		 	—		
Cross currency swap agreements	61,492		 	—		 	61,492		 	—		
Total Liabilities	$	111,327		 	$	—		 	$	108,691		 	$	2,636		
The cash surrender value of life insurance is included in Other assets on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The current portion of deferred compensation is included in Accrued payroll-related liabilities and the current

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portion of contingent consideration liabilities is included in Other current liabilities on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets; the noncurrent portion of these amounts is included in Other noncurrent liabilities on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets based on the expected timing of the related payments. The balance sheet classification of the interest rate swaps and cross currency swap agreements is presented in Note 11, "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities."
Our Level 2 assets and liabilities are valued using inputs from third parties and market observable data. We obtain valuation data for the cash surrender value of life insurance and deferred compensation liabilities from third party sources, which determine the net asset values for our accounts using quoted market prices, investment allocations and reportable trades. We value our derivative instruments using a third party valuation model that performs a discounted cash flow analysis based on the terms of the contracts and market observable inputs such as current and forward interest rates and current and forward foreign exchange rates.
Our contingent consideration liabilities are related to our business acquisitions. Under the terms of the contingent consideration agreements, payments may be made at specified future dates depending on the performance of the acquired business subsequent to the acquisition. The liabilities for these payments are classified as Level 3 liabilities because the related fair value measurement, which is determined using an income approach, includes significant inputs not observable in the market.
Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value
Our debt is reflected on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at cost. Based on market conditions as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the fair value of our credit agreement borrowings reasonably approximated the carrying values of $1.8 billion and $2.0 billion , respectively. In addition, based on market conditions, the fair values of the outstanding borrowings under the receivables facility reasonably approximated the carrying values of $100 million at both June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the fair values of the U.S. Notes (2023) were approximately $598 million and $615 million , respectively, compared to a carrying value of $600 million . As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the fair values of the Euro Notes (2024) were approximately $609 million and $658 million compared to carrying values of $584 million and $600 million , respectively. As of June 30, 2018, the fair value of the Euro Notes (2026/28) approximated the carrying value of $ 1.2 billion .
The fair value measurements of the borrowings under our credit agreement and receivables facility are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy since they are determined based upon significant inputs observable in the market, including interest rates on recent financing transactions with similar terms and maturities. We estimated the fair value by calculating the upfront cash payment a market participant would require at June 30, 2018 to assume these obligations. The fair value of our U.S. Notes (2023) is classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy since it is determined based upon observable market inputs including quoted market prices in an active market. The fair values of our Euro Notes (2024) and Euro Notes (2026/28) are determined based upon observable market inputs including quoted market prices in markets that are not active, and therefore are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.

Note 13. Employee Benefit Plans
We have funded and unfunded defined benefit plans covering certain employee groups in the U.S. and various European countries. The defined benefit plans are generally frozen to new participants and, in some cases, existing participants no longer accrue benefits. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the aggregate funded status of the defined benefit plans was a liability of $121 million and $46 million , respectively, and is reported in Other noncurrent liabilities on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Of the liability at June 30, 2018, $75 million was related to our acquisition of Stahlgruber on May 30, 2018.

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Net periodic benefit expense for our defined benefit plans included the following components for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):

																
 	Three Months Ended	 	Six Months Ended	
 	June 30,	 	June 30,	
 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Service cost	$	516		 	$	889		 	$	984		 	$	1,776		
Interest cost	776		 	833		 	1,446		 	1,341		
Expected return on plan assets	(783	)	 	(249	)	 	(1,500	)	 	(552	)	
Amortization of prior service credit	—		 	(66	)	 	—		 	(130	)	
Amortization of actuarial (gain) loss	76		 	(484	)	 	76		 	(591	)	
Net periodic benefit expense	$	585		 	$	923		 	$	1,006		 	$	1,844		
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the service cost component of net periodic benefit expense was classified in Selling, general and administrative expenses, while the other components of net periodic benefit expense were classified in Other income, net in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, all components of net periodic benefit expense were included in Selling, general, and administrative expenses in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
During the six months ended , June 30, 2018 , we contributed $2 million to our pension plans. We estimate that contributions to our pension plans during the last six months of 2018 will be $3 million .

Note 14. Commitments and Contingencies
Operating Leases
We are obligated under noncancelable operating leases for corporate office space, warehouse and distribution facilities, trucks and certain equipment.
The future minimum lease commitments under these leases at June 30, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

				
Six months ending December 31, 2018	$	142,000		
Years ending December 31:	 	
2019	248,418		
2020	206,988		
2021	161,302		
2022	128,298		
2023	107,904		
Thereafter	611,801		
Future Minimum Lease Payments	$	1,606,711		
Litigation and Related Contingencies
We have certain contingencies resulting from litigation, claims and other commitments and are subject to a variety of environmental and pollution control laws and regulations incident to the ordinary course of business. We currently expect that the resolution of such contingencies will not materially affect our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Note 15. Income Taxes
At the end of each interim period, we estimate our annual effective tax rate and apply that rate to our interim earnings. We also record the tax impact of certain unusual or infrequently occurring items, including changes in judgment about valuation allowances and the effects of changes in tax laws or rates, in the interim period in which they occur.
The computation of the annual estimated effective tax rate at each interim period requires certain estimates and significant judgment including, but not limited to, the expected operating income for the year, projections of the proportion of income earned and taxed in state and foreign jurisdictions, permanent and temporary differences between book and taxable income, and the likelihood of recovering deferred tax assets generated in the current year. The accounting estimates used to

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compute the provision for income taxes may change as new events occur, additional information is obtained or as the tax environment changes.    
Our effective income tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was  26.3% , compared to 33.8% for the comparable prior year period. The decrease was primarily attributable to the reduction of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate from 35% to 21% as a result of the enactment of the Tax Act in December 2017. Partially offsetting this decrease was a 1.0% increase in the effective income tax rate as a result of the Stahlgruber acquisition, including non-deductible interest and acquisition related expenses, as well as the higher effective tax rate in Germany. The effective tax rate also reflects the impact of favorable discrete items of approximately $3 million and $6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, for excess tax benefits from stock-based payments. The year over year change in these amounts increased the effective tax rate by 0.5% compared to the prior year.
Our acquisition of Stahlgruber in May 2018 contributed  $98 million of deferred tax liabilities relating to intangible assets; property, plant and equipment; and reserves, including pension and other post-retirement benefit obligations.
The Tax Act introduced broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code, including the aforementioned reduction in the U.S. corporate tax rate, a one-time transition tax on the historical unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries, and a new minimum tax on foreign earnings (Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income, “GILTI”). On December 22, 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 ("SAB 118"), which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act. SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the Tax Act enactment date for companies to complete the related accounting for provisional amounts under ASC 740, "Accounting for Income Taxes."
As a result of the Tax Act, in 2017, we recognized a provisional tax liability of $51 million  related to the one-time transition tax on historical foreign earnings, payable over a period of eight years. We also recorded a provisional decrease to net U.S. deferred tax liabilities of $73 million . For a description of the impact of the Tax Act for the year ended December 31, 2017, refer to Note 13, "Income Taxes" of our financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017 included in the 2017 Form 10-K. During the six-month period ended June 30, 2018, there were no changes made to the provisional amounts recognized in 2017. We continue to gather the information necessary to finalize those provisional amounts. Our estimates could be affected as we gain a more thorough understanding of the Tax Act from additional guidance issued by the U.S. tax authorities. Changes to the provisional estimates of the tax effect of the Tax Act will be recorded as a discrete item in the interim period the amounts are considered complete.
The Company has included the estimated 2018 impact of the GILTI Tax as a period cost and included it as part of the estimated annual effective tax rate. The 2018 estimated annual effective tax rate also includes the impact of all other U.S. tax reform provisions that were effective on January 1, 2018. These estimates are subject to change as additional guidance on the tax reform provisions is issued.

Note 16. Segment and Geographic Information
We have four operating segments: Wholesale – North America, Europe, Specialty and Self Service. Our Wholesale – North America and Self Service operating segments are aggregated into one reportable segment, North America, because they possess similar economic characteristics and have common products and services, customers, and methods of distribution. Our reportable segments are organized based on a combination of geographic areas served and type of product lines offered. The reportable segments are managed separately as each business serves different customers (i.e. geographic in the case of North America and Europe and product type in the case of Specialty) and is affected by different economic conditions. Therefore, we present three reportable segments: North America, Europe and Specialty.
The following tables present our financial performance by reportable segment for the periods indicated (in thousands):

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 	North America	 	Europe	 	Specialty	 	Eliminations	 	Consolidated	
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Revenue:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Third Party	$	1,334,965		 	$	1,284,153		 	$	411,633		 	$	—		 	$	3,030,751		
Intersegment	201		 	—		 	1,240		 	(1,441	)	 	—		
Total segment revenue	$	1,335,166		 	$	1,284,153		 	$	412,873		 	$	(1,441	)	 	$	3,030,751		
Segment EBITDA	$	175,010		 	$	110,893		 	$	56,068		 	$	—		 	$	341,971		
Depreciation and amortization (1)	21,606		 	39,801		 	7,031		 	—		 	68,438		
Three Months Ended June 30, 2017	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Revenue:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Third Party	$	1,206,305		 	$	889,751		 	$	362,355		 	$	—		 	$	2,458,411		
Intersegment	209		 	—		 	1,115		 	(1,324	)	 	—		
Total segment revenue	$	1,206,514		 	$	889,751		 	$	363,470		 	$	(1,324	)	 	$	2,458,411		
Segment EBITDA	$	173,732		 	$	83,549		 	$	48,578		 	$	—		 	$	305,859		
Depreciation and amortization (1)	21,823		 	28,732		 	5,447		 	—		 	56,002		

																				
 	North America	 	Europe	 	Specialty	 	Eliminations	 	Consolidated	
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Revenue:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Third Party	$	2,664,625		 	$	2,324,583		 	$	762,307		 	$	—		 	$	5,751,515		
Intersegment	384		 	—		 	2,358		 	(2,742	)	 	—		
Total segment revenue	$	2,665,009		 	$	2,324,583		 	$	764,665		 	$	(2,742	)	 	$	5,751,515		
Segment EBITDA	$	352,723		 	$	186,427		 	$	98,037		 	$	—		 	$	637,187		
Depreciation and amortization (1)	42,834		 	72,558		 	14,112		 	—		 	129,504		
Six Months Ended June 30, 2017	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Revenue:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Third Party	$	2,414,352		 	$	1,710,648		 	$	676,254		 	$	—		 	$	4,801,254		
Intersegment	402		 	—		 	2,150		 	(2,552	)	 	—		
Total segment revenue	$	2,414,754		 	$	1,710,648		 	$	678,404		 	$	(2,552	)	 	$	4,801,254		
Segment EBITDA	$	349,867		 	$	162,243		 	$	84,019		 	$	—		 	$	596,129		
Depreciation and amortization (1)	42,201		 	53,483		 	10,922		 	—		 	106,606		
		
(1)	Amounts presented include depreciation and amortization expense recorded within cost of goods sold.	
The key measure of segment profit or loss reviewed by our chief operating decision maker, who is our Chief Executive Officer, is Segment EBITDA. Segment EBITDA includes revenue and expenses that are controllable by the segment. Corporate general and administrative expenses are allocated to the segments based on usage, with shared expenses apportioned based on the segment's percentage of consolidated revenue. We calculate Segment EBITDA as EBITDA excluding restructuring and acquisition related expenses, change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities, other gains and losses related to acquisitions or divestitures and equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries. EBITDA, which is the basis for Segment EBITDA, is calculated as net income excluding noncontrolling interest, discontinued operations, depreciation, amortization, interest and income tax expense.
The table below provides a reconciliation of Net Income to Segment EBITDA (in thousands):

32

	
																
 	Three Months Ended	 	Six Months Ended	
 	June 30,	 	June 30,	
	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Net income	$	157,866		 	$	150,914		 	$	310,629		 	$	287,192		
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	859		 	—		 	662		 	—		
Net income attributable to LKQ stockholders	157,007		 	150,914		 	309,967		 	287,192		
Subtract:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net loss from discontinued operations	—		 	—		 	—		 	(4,531	)	
Net income from continuing operations attributable to LKQ stockholders	157,007		 	150,914		 	309,967		 	291,723		
Add:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization	63,163		 	53,645		 	119,621		 	102,301		
Depreciation and amortization - cost of goods sold	5,275		 	2,357		 	9,883		 	4,305		
Interest expense, net	38,272		 	24,596		 	66,787		 	48,584		
Provision for income taxes	60,775		 	75,862		 	110,359		 	148,017		
EBITDA	324,492		 	307,374		 	616,617		 	594,930		
Subtract:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries	546		 	991		 	1,958		 	1,205		
Gains on bargain purchases (1)	328		 	3,077		 	328		 	3,077		
Add:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Restructuring and acquisition related expenses (2)	15,878		 	2,521		 	19,932		 	5,449		
Inventory step-up adjustment - acquisition related	—		 	—		 	403		 	—		
Impairment of net assets held for sale	2,438		 	—		 	2,438		 	—		
Change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities	37		 	32		 	83		 	32		
Segment EBITDA	$	341,971		 	$	305,859		 	$	637,187		 	$	596,129		
		
(1)	Reflects the gains on bargain purchases related to our acquisitions of a wholesale business in Europe and Andrew Page. See Note 2, "Business Combinations," for further information.	
		
(2)	See Note 6, "Restructuring and Acquisition Related Expenses," for further information.	
The following table presents capital expenditures by reportable segment (in thousands):

																
 	Three Months Ended	 	Six Months Ended	
	June 30,	 	June 30,	
	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Capital Expenditures	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
North America	$	29,206		 	$	22,153		 	$	58,868		 	$	38,913		
Europe	16,863		 	22,676		 	45,678		 	43,134		
Specialty	7,163		 	2,318		 	10,875		 	5,900		
Discontinued operations	—		 	—		 	—		 	3,598		
Total capital expenditures	$	53,232		 	$	47,147		 	$	115,421		 	$	91,545		

33

The following table presents assets by reportable segment (in thousands):

								
 	June 30,	 	December 31,	
	2018	 	2017	
Receivables, net	 	 	 	
North America	$	443,651		 	$	379,666		
Europe (1)	716,609		 	555,372		
Specialty	141,254		 	92,068		
Total receivables, net (2)	1,301,514		 	1,027,106		
Inventories	 	 	 	
North America	1,068,146		 	1,076,393		
Europe (1)	1,296,608		 	964,068		
Specialty	353,404		 	340,322		
Total inventories	2,718,158		 	2,380,783		
Property, Plant and Equipment, net	 	 	 	
North America	548,981		 	537,286		
Europe (1)	553,448		 	293,539		
Specialty	86,035		 	82,264		
Total property, plant and equipment, net	1,188,464		 	913,089		
Equity Method Investments	 	 	 	
North America	336		 	336		
Europe  	202,317		 	208,068		
Total equity method investments	202,653		 	208,404		
Other unallocated assets	6,137,842		 	4,837,490		
Total assets	$	11,548,631		 	$	9,366,872		
		
(1)	The increase in assets for the Europe segment is primarily attributable to the Stahlgruber acquisition. Refer to Note 2, “Business Combinations,” for further detail on the opening balance sheet amounts.	
		
(2)	Refer to Note 4, "Financial Statement Information," for the increase in total receivables, net compared to December 31, 2017 as a result of the adoption of ASC 606.	
We report net receivables; inventories; net property , plant and equipment; and equity method investments by segment as that information is used by the chief operating decision maker in assessing segment performance. These assets provide a measure for the operating capital employed in each segment. Unallocated assets include cash and cash equivalents, prepaid and other current and noncurrent assets, goodwill and other intangibles.
Our largest country of operation is the U.S., followed by the U.K. Our other European operations are located in the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and other European countries. As a result of the Stahlgruber acquisition, we expanded our operations into Germany, Austria, Slovenia, and Croatia. Our operations in other countries include operations in Canada, engine remanufacturing and bumper refurbishing operations in Mexico, an aftermarket parts freight consolidation warehouse in Taiwan, and administrative support functions in India. Our net sales are attributed to geographic area based on the location of the selling operation.
The following table sets forth our revenue by geographic area (in thousands):

																
 	Three Months Ended	 	Six Months Ended	
 	June 30,	 	June 30,	
 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Revenue	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
United States	$	1,621,343		 	$	1,456,065		 	$	3,181,370		 	$	2,873,105		
United Kingdom	454,689		 	390,022		 	885,681		 	772,674		
Other countries	954,719		 	612,324		 	1,684,464		 	1,155,475		
Total revenue	$	3,030,751		 	$	2,458,411		 	$	5,751,515		 	$	4,801,254		

34

The following table sets forth our tangible long-lived assets by geographic area (in thousands):

								
 	June 30,	 	December 31,	
 	2018	 	2017	
Long-lived Assets	 	 	 	
United States	$	599,515		 	$	583,236		
Germany	212,133		 	41		
United Kingdom	175,782		 	178,021		
Other countries	201,034		 	151,791		
Total long-lived assets	$	1,188,464		 	$	913,089		

Note 17. Condensed Consolidating Financial Information
LKQ Corporation (the "Parent") issued, and the Guarantors have fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, the U.S. Notes (2023) due on May 15, 2023. A Guarantor's guarantee will be unconditionally and automatically released and discharged upon the occurrence of any of the following events: (i) a transfer (including as a result of consolidation or merger) by the Guarantor to any person that is not a Guarantor of all or substantially all assets and properties of such Guarantor, provided the Guarantor is also released from its obligations with respect to indebtedness under the Credit Agreement or other indebtedness of ours, which obligation gave rise to the guarantee of the U.S. Notes (2023); (ii) a transfer (including as a result of consolidation or merger) to any person that is not a Guarantor of the equity interests of a Guarantor or issuance by a Guarantor of its equity interests such that the Guarantor ceases to be a subsidiary, as defined in the U.S. Notes (2023) Indenture, provided the Guarantor is also released from its obligations with respect to indebtedness under the Credit Agreement or other indebtedness of ours, which obligation gave rise to the guarantee of the U.S. Notes (2023); (iii) the release of the Guarantor from its obligations with respect to indebtedness under the Credit Agreement or other indebtedness of ours, which obligation gave rise to the guarantee of the U.S. Notes (2023); and (iv) upon legal defeasance, covenant defeasance or satisfaction and discharge of the U.S. Notes (2023) Indenture, as defined in the U.S. Notes (2023) Indenture.
Presented below are the unaudited condensed consolidating financial statements of the Parent, the Guarantors, the non-guarantor subsidiaries (the "Non-Guarantors"), and the elimination entries necessary to present our financial statements on a consolidated basis as required by Rule 3-10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 resulting from the guarantees of the U.S. Notes (2023). Investments in consolidated subsidiaries have been presented under the equity method of accounting. The principal elimination entries eliminate investments in subsidiaries, intercompany balances, and intercompany revenue and expenses. The unaudited condensed consolidating financial statements below have been prepared from our financial information on the same basis of accounting as the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, and may not necessarily be indicative of the financial position, results of operations or cash flows had the Parent, Guarantors and Non-Guarantors operated as independent entities.

35

LKQ CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Unaudited Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income
(In thousands)	
																				
 	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018	
 	Parent	 	Guarantors	 	Non-Guarantors	 	Eliminations	 	Consolidated	
Revenue	$	—		 	$	1,640,396		 	$	1,426,650		 	$	(36,295	)	 	$	3,030,751		
Cost of goods sold	—		 	988,671		 	916,496		 	(36,295	)	 	1,868,872		
Gross margin	—		 	651,725		 	510,154		 	—		 	1,161,879		
Selling, general and administrative expenses	9,683		 	430,693		 	385,668		 	—		 	826,044		
Restructuring and acquisition related expenses	—		 	—		 	15,878		 	—		 	15,878		
Depreciation and amortization	21		 	24,526		 	38,616		 	—		 	63,163		
Operating (loss) income	(9,704	)	 	196,506		 	69,992		 	—		 	256,794		
Other expense (income):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest expense (income), net	17,805		 	(113	)	 	20,580		 	—		 	38,272		
Intercompany interest (income) expense, net	(15,406	)	 	9,865		 	5,541		 	—		 	—		
Gains on bargain purchases	—		 	—		 	(328	)	 	—		 	(328	)	
Other expense (income), net	117		 	(4,397	)	 	5,035		 	—		 	755		
Total other expense, net	2,516		 	5,355		 	30,828		 	—		 	38,699		
(Loss) income before (benefit) provision for income taxes	(12,220	)	 	191,151		 	39,164		 	—		 	218,095		
(Benefit) provision for income taxes	(3,744	)	 	53,543		 	10,976		 	—		 	60,775		
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries	—		 	—		 	546		 	—		 	546		
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries	165,483		 	4,451		 	—		 	(169,934	)	 	—		
Net income	157,007		 	142,059		 	28,734		 	(169,934	)	 	157,866		
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	—		 	—		 	859		 	—		 	859		
Net income attributable to LKQ stockholders	$	157,007			$	142,059			$	27,875			$	(169,934	)		$	157,007		

36

LKQ CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Unaudited Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income
(In thousands)	
																				
 	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2017	
 	Parent	 	Guarantors	 	Non-Guarantors	 	Eliminations	 	Consolidated	
Revenue	$	—		 	$	1,487,435		 	$	1,001,733		 	$	(30,757	)	 	$	2,458,411		
Cost of goods sold	—		 	889,087		 	635,072		 	(30,757	)	 	1,493,402		
Gross margin	—		 	598,348		 	366,661		 	—		 	965,009		
Selling, general and administrative expenses	9,165		 	385,443		 	269,662		 	—		 	664,270		
Restructuring and acquisition related expenses	—		 	654		 	1,867		 	—		 	2,521		
Depreciation and amortization	30		 	24,586		 	29,029		 	—		 	53,645		
Operating (loss) income	(9,195	)	 	187,665		 	66,103		 	—		 	244,573		
Other expense (income):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest expense, net	16,492		 	26		 	8,078		 	—		 	24,596		
Intercompany interest (income) expense, net	(2,160	)	 	(2,735	)	 	4,895		 	—		 	—		
Gain on bargain purchase	—		 	—		 	(3,077	)	 	—		 	(3,077	)	
Other (income) expense, net	(37	)	 	(4,067	)	 	1,373		 	—		 	(2,731	)	
Total other expense (income), net	14,295		 	(6,776	)	 	11,269		 	—		 	18,788		
(Loss) income from continuing operations before (benefit) provision for income taxes	(23,490	)	 	194,441		 	54,834		 	—		 	225,785		
(Benefit) provision for income taxes	(11,161	)	 	73,363		 	13,660		 	—		 	75,862		
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries	182		 	—		 	809		 	—		 	991		
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries	163,061		 	5,795		 	—		 	(168,856	)	 	—		
Net income	$	150,914		 	$	126,873		 	$	41,983		 	$	(168,856	)	 	$	150,914		

37

LKQ CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Unaudited Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income
(In thousands)	
																				
 	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018	
 	Parent	 	Guarantors	 	Non-Guarantors	 	Eliminations	 	Consolidated	
Revenue	$	—		 	$	3,217,991		 	$	2,606,892		 	$	(73,368	)	 	$	5,751,515		
Cost of goods sold	—		 	1,934,586		 	1,674,447		 	(73,368	)	 	3,535,665		
Gross margin	—		 	1,283,405		 	932,445		 	—		 	2,215,850		
Selling, general and administrative expenses	18,813		 	857,490		 	716,632		 	—		 	1,592,935		
Restructuring and acquisition related expenses	—		 	330		 	19,602		 	—		 	19,932		
Depreciation and amortization	50		 	48,864		 	70,707		 	—		 	119,621		
Operating (loss) income	(18,863	)	 	376,721		 	125,504		 	—		 	483,362		
Other expense (income):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest expense, net	35,813		 	99		 	30,875		 	—		 	66,787		
Intercompany interest (income) expense, net	(30,806	)	 	19,545		 	11,261		 	—		 	—		
Gains on bargain purchases	—		 	—		 	(328	)	 	—		 	(328	)	
Other (income) expense, net	(898	)	 	(10,279	)	 	9,050		 	—		 	(2,127	)	
Total other expense, net	4,109		 	9,365		 	50,858		 	—		 	64,332		
(Loss) income before (benefit) provision for income taxes	(22,972	)	 	367,356		 	74,646		 	—		 	419,030		
(Benefit) provision for income taxes	(7,648	)	 	99,420		 	18,587		 	—		 	110,359		
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries	—		 	—		 	1,958		 	—		 	1,958		
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries	325,291		 	9,561		 	—		 	(334,852	)	 	—		
Net income	309,967		 	277,497		 	58,017		 	(334,852	)	 	310,629		
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	—		 	—		 	662		 	—		 	662		
Net income attributable to LKQ stockholders	$	309,967		 	$	277,497		 	$	57,355		 	$	(334,852	)	 	$	309,967		

38

LKQ CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Unaudited Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income
(In thousands)	
																				
 	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017	
 	Parent	 	Guarantors	 	Non-Guarantors	 	Eliminations	 	Consolidated	
Revenue	$	—		 	$	2,940,951		 	$	1,931,704		 	$	(71,401	)	 	$	4,801,254		
Cost of goods sold	—		 	1,752,462		 	1,225,091		 	(71,401	)	 	2,906,152		
     Gross margin	—		 	1,188,489		 	706,613		 	—		 	1,895,102		
Selling, general and administrative expenses	18,348		 	770,971		 	517,768		 	—		 	1,307,087		
Restructuring and acquisition related expenses	—		 	2,537		 	2,912		 	—		 	5,449		
Depreciation and amortization	60		 	48,067		 	54,174		 	—		 	102,301		
Operating (loss) income	(18,408	)	 	366,914		 	131,759		 	—		 	480,265		
Other expense (income):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest expense, net	32,672		 	224		 	15,688		 	—		 	48,584		
Intercompany interest (income) expense, net	(7,832	)	 	(1,716	)	 	9,548		 	—		 	—		
Gains on bargain purchases	—		 	—		 	(3,077	)	 	—		 	(3,077	)	
Other expense (income), net	254		 	(4,236	)	 	205		 	—		 	(3,777	)	
Total other expense (income), net	25,094		 	(5,728	)	 	22,364		 	—		 	41,730		
(Loss) income from continuing operations before (benefit) provision for income taxes	(43,502	)	 	372,642		 	109,395		 	—		 	438,535		
(Benefit) provision for income taxes	(18,598	)	 	143,401		 	23,214		 	—		 	148,017		
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries	—		 	—		 	1,205		 	—		 	1,205		
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries	316,627		 	10,608		 	—		 	(327,235	)	 	—		
Income from continuing operations	291,723		 	239,849		 	87,386		 	(327,235	)	 	291,723		
Net (loss) income from discontinued operations	(4,531	)	 	(4,531	)	 	2,050		 	2,481		 	(4,531	)	
Net income	$	287,192		 	$	235,318		 	$	89,436		 	$	(324,754	)	 	$	287,192		

39

LKQ CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Unaudited Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income
(In thousands)	
																				
 	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018	
 	Parent	 	Guarantors	 	Non-Guarantors	 	Eliminations	 	Consolidated	
Net income	$	157,007		 	$	142,059		 	$	28,734		 	$	(169,934	)	 	$	157,866		
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	—		 	—		 	859		 	—		 	859		
Net income attributable to LKQ stockholders	157,007		 	142,059		 	27,875		 	(169,934	)	 	157,007		
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other comprehensive (loss) income:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Foreign currency translation, net of tax	(105,164	)	 	(2,303	)	 	(106,610	)	 	108,913		 	(105,164	)	
Net change in unrealized gains/losses on cash flow hedges, net of tax	2,406		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	2,406		
Net change in unrealized gains/losses on pension plans, net of tax	(807	)	 	(864	)	 	57		 	807		 	(807	)	
Net change in other comprehensive income from unconsolidated subsidiaries	2,122		 	—		 	2,122		 	(2,122	)	 	2,122		
Other comprehensive loss	(101,443	)	 	(3,167	)	 	(104,431	)	 	107,598		 	(101,443	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive income (loss)	55,564		 	138,892		 	(75,697	)	 	(62,336	)	 	56,423		
Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest	—		 	—		 	859		 	—		 	859		
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to LKQ stockholders	$	55,564		 	$	138,892		 	$	(76,556	)	 	$	(62,336	)	 	$	55,564		

LKQ CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Unaudited Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income
(In thousands)	
																				
 	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2017	
 	Parent	 	Guarantors	 	Non-Guarantors	 	Eliminations	 	Consolidated	
Net income	$	150,914		 	$	126,873		 	$	41,983		 	$	(168,856	)	 	$	150,914		
Other comprehensive income (loss):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Foreign currency translation, net of tax	93,597		 	10,097		 	92,903		 	(103,000	)	 	93,597		
Net change in unrecognized gains/losses on cash flow hedges, net of tax	(930	)	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(930	)	
Net change in unrealized gains/losses on pension plans, net of tax	(862	)	 	(448	)	 	(414	)	 	862		 	(862	)	
Net change in other comprehensive loss from unconsolidated subsidiaries	(439	)	 	—		 	(439	)	 	439		 	(439	)	
Total other comprehensive income	91,366		 	9,649		 	92,050		 	(101,699	)	 	91,366		
Total comprehensive income	$	242,280		 	$	136,522		 	$	134,033		 	$	(270,555	)	 	$	242,280		

40

LKQ CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Unaudited Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income
(In thousands)	
																				
 	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018	
 	Parent	 	Guarantors	 	Non-Guarantors	 	Eliminations	 	Consolidated	
Net income	$	309,967		 	$	277,497		 	$	58,017		 	$	(334,852	)	 	$	310,629		
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	—		 	—		 	662		 	—		 	662		
Net income attributable to LKQ stockholders	309,967		 	277,497		 	57,355		 	(334,852	)	 	309,967		
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other comprehensive (loss) income:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Foreign currency translation, net of tax	(56,679	)	 	(4,486	)	 	(57,555	)	 	62,041		 	(56,679	)	
Net change in unrealized gains/losses on cash flow hedges, net of tax	5,660		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	5,660		
Net change in unrealized gains/losses on pension plans, net of tax	(1,428	)	 	(1,485	)	 	57		 	1,428		 	(1,428	)	
Net change in other comprehensive income from unconsolidated subsidiaries	1,517		 	—		 	1,517		 	(1,517	)	 	1,517		
Other comprehensive loss	(50,930	)	 	(5,971	)	 	(55,981	)	 	61,952		 	(50,930	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive income	259,037		 	271,526		 	2,036		 	(272,900	)	 	259,699		
Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest	—		 	—		 	662		 	—		 	662		
Comprehensive income attributable to LKQ stockholders	$	259,037		 	$	271,526		 	$	1,374		 	$	(272,900	)	 	$	259,037		

LKQ CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Unaudited Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income
(In thousands)	
																				
 	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017	
 	Parent	 	Guarantors	 	Non-Guarantors	 	Eliminations	 	Consolidated	
Net income	$	287,192		 	$	235,318		 	$	89,436		 	$	(324,754	)	 	$	287,192		
Other comprehensive income (loss):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Foreign currency translation, net of tax	115,176		 	13,975		 	114,035		 	(128,010	)	 	115,176		
Net change in unrecognized gains/losses on cash flow hedges, net of tax	2,233		 	(133	)	 	—		 	133		 	2,233		
Net change in unrealized gains/losses on pension plans, net of tax	(3,903	)	 	(3,253	)	 	(650	)	 	3,903		 	(3,903	)	
Net change in other comprehensive loss from unconsolidated subsidiaries	(601	)	 	—		 	(601	)	 	601		 	(601	)	
Total other comprehensive income	112,905		 	10,589		 	112,784		 	(123,373	)	 	112,905		
Total comprehensive income	$	400,097		 	$	245,907		 	$	202,220		 	$	(448,127	)	 	$	400,097		

41

LKQ CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Unaudited Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets
(In thousands)	
																				
 	June 30, 2018	
 	Parent	 	Guarantors	 	Non-Guarantors	 	Eliminations	 	Consolidated	
Assets	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	$	33,859		 	$	38,302		 	$	273,041		 	$	—		 	$	345,202		
Receivables, net	65		 	380,076		 	921,373		 	—		 	1,301,514		
Intercompany receivables, net	6,946		 	—		 	28,589		 	(35,535	)	 	—		
Inventories	—		 	1,337,934		 	1,380,224		 	—		 	2,718,158		
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	32,457		 	95,198		 	101,077		 	—		 	228,732		
Total current assets	73,327		 	1,851,510		 	2,704,304		 	(35,535	)	 	4,593,606		
Property, plant and equipment, net	979		 	578,952		 	608,533		 	—		 	1,188,464		
Intangible assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Goodwill	—		 	2,005,253		 	2,416,723		 	—		 	4,421,976		
Other intangibles, net	—		 	284,460		 	688,571		 	—		 	973,031		
Investment in subsidiaries	5,573,396		 	108,485		 	—		 	(5,681,881	)	 	—		
Intercompany notes receivable	1,094,619		 	26,716		 	—		 	(1,121,335	)	 	—		
Equity method investments	—		 	336		 	202,317		 	—		 	202,653		
Other assets	86,030		 	37,286		 	45,585		 	—		 	168,901		
Total assets	$	6,828,351		 	$	4,892,998		 	$	6,666,033		 	$	(6,838,751	)	 	$	11,548,631		
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Accounts payable	$	15,084		 	$	342,529		 	$	624,030		 	$	—		 	$	981,643		
Intercompany payables, net	—		 	28,589		 	6,946		 	(35,535	)	 	—		
Accrued expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Accrued payroll-related liabilities	6,143		 	57,909		 	99,242		 	—		 	163,294		
Other accrued expenses	6,163		 	99,766		 	206,773		 	—		 	312,702		
Refund liability	—		 	53,660		 	50,034		 	—		 	103,694		
Other current liabilities	282		 	19,050		 	30,271		 	—		 	49,603		
Current portion of long-term obligations	24,886		 	1,561		 	150,925		 	—		 	177,372		
Total current liabilities	52,558		 	603,064		 	1,168,221		 	(35,535	)	 	1,788,308		
Long-term obligations, excluding current portion	1,891,254		 	8,012		 	2,361,910		 	—		 	4,261,176		
Intercompany notes payable	—		 	637,495		 	483,840		 	(1,121,335	)	 	—		
Deferred income taxes	12,251		 	115,736		 	204,615		 	—		 	332,602		
Other noncurrent liabilities	152,816		 	106,007		 	130,747		 	—		 	389,570		
Stockholders' equity:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Company stockholders’ equity	4,719,472		 	3,422,684		 	2,259,197		 	(5,681,881	)	 	4,719,472		
Noncontrolling interest	—		 	—		 	57,503		 	—		 	57,503		
Total stockholders’ equity	4,719,472		 	3,422,684		 	2,316,700		 	(5,681,881	)	 	4,776,975		
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	6,828,351		 	$	4,892,998		 	$	6,666,033		 	$	(6,838,751	)	 	$	11,548,631		

42

LKQ CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Unaudited Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets
(In thousands)	
																				
 	December 31, 2017	
 	Parent	 	Guarantors	 	Non-Guarantors	 	Eliminations	 	Consolidated	
Assets	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	$	34,360		 	$	35,131		 	$	210,275		 	$	—		 	$	279,766		
Receivables, net	—		 	290,958		 	736,148		 	—		 	1,027,106		
Intercompany receivables, net	2,669		 	3,010		 	230		 	(5,909	)	 	—		
Inventories	—		 	1,334,766		 	1,046,017		 	—		 	2,380,783		
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	34,136		 	44,849		 	55,494		 	—		 	134,479		
Total current assets	71,165		 	1,708,714		 	2,048,164		 	(5,909	)	 	3,822,134		
Property, plant   and equipment, net	910		 	563,262		 	348,917		 	—		 	913,089		
Intangible assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Goodwill	—		 	2,010,209		 	1,526,302		 	—		 	3,536,511		
Other intangibles, net	—		 	291,036		 	452,733		 	—		 	743,769		
Investment in subsidiaries	5,952,687		 	102,931		 	—		 	(6,055,618	)	 	—		
Intercompany notes receivable	1,156,550		 	782,638		 	—		 	(1,939,188	)	 	—		
Equity method investments	—		 	336		 	208,068		 	—		 	208,404		
Other assets	70,590		 	33,597		 	38,778		 	—		 	142,965		
Total assets	$	7,251,902		 	$	5,492,723		 	$	4,622,962		 	$	(8,000,715	)	 	$	9,366,872		
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Accounts payable	$	5,742		 	$	340,951		 	$	441,920		 	$	—		 	$	788,613		
Intercompany payables, net	—		 	230		 	5,679		 	(5,909	)	 	—		
Accrued expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Accrued payroll-related liabilities	9,448		 	65,811		 	68,165		 	—		 	143,424		
Other accrued expenses	5,219		 	95,900		 	117,481		 	—		 	218,600		
Other current liabilities	282		 	27,066		 	18,379		 	—		 	45,727		
Current portion of long-term obligations	16,468		 	1,912		 	107,980		 	—		 	126,360		
Total current liabilities	37,159		 	531,870		 	759,604		 	(5,909	)	 	1,322,724		
Long-term obligations, excluding current portion	2,095,826		 	7,372		 	1,174,422		 	—		 	3,277,620		
Intercompany notes payable	750,000		 	677,708		 	511,480		 	(1,939,188	)	 	—		
Deferred income taxes	12,402		 	116,021		 	123,936		 	—		 	252,359		
Other noncurrent liabilities	158,346		 	101,189		 	47,981		 	—		 	307,516		
Stockholders' equity:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Company stockholders’ equity	4,198,169		 	4,058,563		 	1,997,055		 	(6,055,618	)	 	4,198,169		
Noncontrolling interest	—		 	—		 	8,484		 	—		 	8,484		
Total stockholders’ equity	4,198,169		 	4,058,563		 	2,005,539		 	(6,055,618	)	 	4,206,653		
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	7,251,902		 	$	5,492,723		 	$	4,622,962		 	$	(8,000,715	)	 	$	9,366,872		

43

LKQ CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Unaudited Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)	
																				
 	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018	
 	Parent	 	Guarantors	 	Non-Guarantors	 	Eliminations	 	Consolidated	
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	149,253		 	$	244,304		 	$	68,285		 	$	(133,173	)	 	$	328,669		
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(260	)	 	(62,744	)	 	(52,417	)	 	—		 	(115,421	)	
Investment and intercompany note activity with subsidiaries	48,339		 	—		 	—		 	(48,339	)	 	—		
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	—		 	(2,527	)	 	(1,133,443	)	 	—		 	(1,135,970	)	
Payments of deferred purchase price on receivables securitization	—		 	14,926		 	—		 	(14,926	)	 	—		
Other investing activities, net	887		 	423		 	864		 	—		 	2,174		
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	48,966		 	(49,922	)	 	(1,184,996	)	 	(63,265	)	 	(1,249,217	)	
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	2,922		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	2,922		
Taxes paid related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards	(3,834	)	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(3,834	)	
Debt issuance costs	(682	)	 	—		 	(16,077	)	 	—		 	(16,759	)	
Proceeds from issuance of Euro Notes (2026/28)	—		 	—		 	1,232,100		 	—		 	1,232,100		
Borrowings under revolving credit facilities	264,000		 	—		 	349,658		 	—		 	613,658		
Repayments under revolving credit facilities	(451,931	)	 	—		 	(314,666	)	 	—		 	(766,597	)	
Repayments under term loans	(8,810	)	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(8,810	)	
(Repayments) borrowings of other debt, net	(385	)	 	289		 	(2,348	)	 	—		 	(2,444	)	
Other financing activities, net	—		 	—		 	4,107		 	—		 	4,107		
Investment and intercompany note activity with parent	—		 	(42,596	)	 	(5,743	)	 	48,339		 	—		
Dividends	—		 	(148,099	)	 	—		 	148,099		 	—		
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(198,720	)	 	(190,406	)	 	1,247,031		 	196,438		 	1,054,343		
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	—		 	(805	)	 	(67,554	)	 	—		 	(68,359	)	
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(501	)	 	3,171		 	62,766		 	—		 	65,436		
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	34,360		 	35,131		 	210,275		 	—		 	279,766		
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	33,859		 	$	38,302		 	$	273,041		 	$	—		 	$	345,202		

44

LKQ CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Unaudited Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)	
																				
 	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017	
 	Parent	 	Guarantors	 	Non-Guarantors	 	Eliminations	 	Consolidated	
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	156,127		 	$	284,227		 	$	114,476		 	$	(192,733	)	 	$	362,097		
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(64	)	 	(41,718	)	 	(49,763	)	 	—		 	(91,545	)	
Investment and intercompany note activity with subsidiaries	276,377		 	—		 	—		 	(276,377	)	 	—		
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	—		 	(78,121	)	 	(22,607	)	 	—		 	(100,728	)	
Proceeds from disposals of business/investment	—		 	305,740		 	(4,443	)	 	—		 	301,297		
Payments of deferred purchase price on receivables securitization (1)	—		 	6,362		 	—		 	(6,362	)	 	—		
Other investing activities, net	—		 	(395	)	 	5,107		 	—		 	4,712		
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	276,313		 	191,868		 	(71,706	)	 	(282,739	)	 	113,736		
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	5,151		 	—		 	—		 	—		 	5,151		
Taxes paid related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards	(3,955	)	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(3,955	)	
Borrowings under revolving credit facilities	97,000		 	—		 	65,794		 	—		 	162,794		
Repayments under revolving credit facilities	(515,931	)	 	—		 	(69,523	)	 	—		 	(585,454	)	
Repayments under term loans	(18,590	)	 	—		 	—		 	—		 	(18,590	)	
Borrowings under receivables securitization facility	—		 	—		 	150		 	—		 	150		
Repayments under receivables securitization facility	—		 	—		 	(5,000	)	 	—		 	(5,000	)	
(Repayments) borrowings of other debt, net	(1,700	)	 	(1,161	)	 	22,452		 	—		 	19,591		
Payments of other obligations	—		 	(1,336	)	 	(743	)	 	—		 	(2,079	)	
Other financing activities, net	—		 	5,000		 	(684	)	 	—		 	4,316		
Investment and intercompany note activity with parent	—		 	(269,668	)	 	(6,709	)	 	276,377		 	—		
Dividends	—		 	(199,095	)	 	—		 	199,095		 	—		
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(438,025	)	 	(466,260	)	 	5,737		 	475,472		 	(423,076	)	
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	—		 	521		 	15,750		 	—		 	16,271		
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(5,585	)	 	10,356		 	64,257		 	—		 	69,028		
Cash and cash equivalents of continuing operations, beginning of period	33,030		 	35,360		 	159,010		 	—		 	227,400		
Add: Cash and cash equivalents of discontinued operations, beginning of period	—		 	149		 	6,967		 	—		 	7,116		
Cash and cash equivalents of continuing and discontinued operations, beginning of period	33,030		 	35,509		 	165,977		 	$	—		 	234,516		
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	27,445		 	$	45,865		 	$	230,234		 	$	—		 	$	303,544		

(1) Reflects the impact of adopting ASU 2016-15

45

Forward-Looking Statements

Statements and information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and are made pursuant to the "safe harbor" provisions of such Act.
Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our outlook, guidance, expectations, beliefs, hopes, intentions and strategies. Words such as “may,” “will,” “plan,” “should,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “if,” “estimate,” “intend,” “project” and similar words or expressions are used to identify these forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different. All forward-looking statements are based on information available to us at the time the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.
You should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Actual events or results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. The risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that could cause actual results to differ from the results predicted or implied by our forward-looking statements include factors discussed in our filings with the SEC, including those disclosed under the captions “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2017 Form 10-K and in our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q (including this Quarterly Report).

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Overview
We are a global distributor of vehicle products, including replacement parts, components and systems used in the repair and maintenance of vehicles and specialty products and accessories to improve the performance, functionality and appearance of vehicles.
Buyers of vehicle replacement products have the option to purchase from primarily five sources: new products produced by original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs"); new products produced by companies other than the OEMs, which are referred to as aftermarket products; recycled products obtained from salvage vehicles; used products that have been refurbished; and used products that have been remanufactured. We distribute a variety of products to collision and mechanical repair shops, including aftermarket collision and mechanical products; recycled collision and mechanical products; refurbished collision products such as wheels, bumper covers and lights; and remanufactured engines and transmissions. Collectively, we refer to the four sources that are not new OEM products as alternative parts.
We are a leading provider of alternative vehicle collision replacement products and alternative vehicle mechanical replacement products, with our sales, processing, and distribution facilities reaching most major markets in the United States and Canada. We are also a leading provider of alternative vehicle replacement and maintenance products in Europe. In addition to our wholesale operations, we operate self service retail facilities across the U.S. that sell recycled automotive products from end-of-life-vehicles. We are also a leading distributor of specialty vehicle aftermarket equipment and accessories reaching most major markets in the U.S. and Canada.
We are organized into four operating segments: Wholesale – North America; Europe; Specialty and Self Service. We aggregate our Wholesale – North America and Self Service operating segments into one reportable segment, North America, resulting in three reportable segments: North America, Europe and Specialty.
Our operating results have fluctuated on a quarterly and annual basis in the past and can be expected to continue to fluctuate in the future as a result of a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control. Please refer to the factors referred to in Forward-Looking Statements above. Due to these factors and others, which may be unknown to us at this time, our operating results in future periods can be expected to fluctuate. Accordingly, our historical results of operations may not be indicative of future performance.
Acquisitions and Investments
Since our inception in 1998, we have pursued a growth strategy through both organic growth and acquisitions. We have pursued acquisitions that we believe will help drive profitability, cash flow and stockholder value. We target companies that are market leaders, will expand our geographic presence and will enhance our ability to provide a wide array of vehicle products to our customers through our distribution network.
On May 30, 2018 , we acquired Stahlgruber, a leading European wholesale distributor of aftermarket spare parts for passenger cars, tools, capital equipment and accessories with operations in Germany, Eastern Europe, Italy, and with further sales to Switzerland. This acquisition expands LKQ's geographic presence in continental Europe and serves as an additional

46

strategic hub for our European operations. In addition, we believe this acquisition will allow for continued improvement in procurement, logistics and infrastructure optimization. On May 3, 2018, the European Commission cleared the acquisition for the entire European Union, except with respect to the wholesale automotive parts business in the Czech Republic. The acquisition of the Czech Republic wholesale business has been referred to the Czech Republic competition authority for review. The Czech Republic wholesale business represents an immaterial portion of Stahlgruber's revenue and profitability.
On July 3, 2017, we acquired four parts distribution businesses in Belgium. The objective of these acquisitions was to transform the existing three-step distribution model in Belgium to a two-step distribution model to align with our Netherlands operations.
On November 1, 2017, we acquired the aftermarket business of Warn, a leading designer, manufacturer and marketer of high performance vehicle equipment and accessories. We expect the acquisition of Warn to expand LKQ's presence in the specialty market and create viable points of entry into related markets.
In addition to the parts distribution businesses acquired in Belgium and the acquisition of Warn, during the year ended December 31, 2017, we completed 21 acquisitions, including 6 wholesale businesses in North America, 12 wholesale businesses in Europe and 3 Specialty aftermarket businesses.
See Note 2, "Business Combinations" to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information related to our acquisitions.
Sources of Revenue
We report our revenue in two categories: (i) parts and services and (ii) other. Our parts revenue is generated from the sale of vehicle products including replacement parts, components and systems used in the repair and maintenance of vehicles and specialty products and accessories to improve the performance, functionality and appearance of vehicles. Our service revenue is generated primarily from the sale of service-type warranties, fees for admission to our self service yards, and processing fees related to the secure disposal of vehicles. Revenue from other sources includes scrap sales, bulk sales to mechanical manufacturers (including cores) and sales of aluminum ingots and sows from our furnace operations. Other revenue will vary from period to period based on fluctuations in commodity prices and the volume of materials sold. See Note 5, "Revenue Recognition " to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information related to our sources of revenue.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
In our 2017 Form 10-K, we reported the following categories of operating expenses: (i) facility and warehouse expenses; (ii) distribution expenses; and (iii) selling, general and administrative expenses. To better reflect the changing profile of our business, and to align our financial statement presentation with other automotive parts and distribution companies, beginning with our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2018, these three categories have been consolidated into one line item: selling, general and administrative expenses.
Other than the consolidation of these financial statement line items and the change due to the adoption of ASU 2014-09 as discussed in Note 4, "Financial Statement Information" to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there have been no changes to the classification of revenue or expenses on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Our selling, general and administrative expenses continue to include: personnel costs for employees in selling, general and administrative functions; costs to operate our selling locations, corporate offices and back office support centers; costs to transport our products from our facilities to our customers; and other selling, general and administrative expenses, such as professional fees, supplies, and advertising expenses.
Seasonality
Our operating results are subject to quarterly variations based on a variety of factors, influenced primarily by seasonal changes in weather patterns. During the winter months, we tend to have higher demand for our vehicle replacement products because there are more weather related repairs. Our specialty vehicle operations typically generate greater revenue and earnings in the first half of the year, when vehicle owners tend to install this equipment. Our aftermarket glass operations typically generate greater revenue and earnings in the second and third quarters, when the demand for automotive replacement glass increases after the winter weather.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Our 2017 Form 10-K includes a summary of the critical accounting policies and

47

estimates we believe are the most important to aid in understanding our financial results. There have been no changes to those critical accounting policies or estimates that have had a material impact on our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue or expenses during the six months ended June 30, 2018 .
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
See "Recent Accounting Pronouncements" in Note 4, "Financial Statement Information " to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information related to new accounting standards.
Financial Information by Geographic Area
See Note 16, "Segment and Geographic Information " to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information related to our revenue and long-lived assets by geographic region.
Results of Operations—Consolidated
The following table sets forth statements of income data as a percentage of total revenue for the periods indicated:

												
 	Three Months Ended	 	Six Months Ended	
 	June 30,	 	June 30,	
 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	
Revenue	100.0	%	 	100.0	%	 	100.0	%	 	100.0	 %	
Cost of goods sold	61.7	%	 	60.7	%	 	61.5	%	 	60.5	 %	
Gross margin	38.3	%	 	39.3	%	 	38.5	%	 	39.5	 %	
Selling, general and administrative expenses	27.3	%	 	27.0	%	 	27.7	%	 	27.2	 %	
Restructuring and acquisition related expenses	0.5	%	 	0.1	%	 	0.3	%	 	0.1	 %	
Depreciation and amortization	2.1	%	 	2.2	%	 	2.1	%	 	2.1	 %	
Operating income	8.5	%	 	9.9	%	 	8.4	%	 	10.0	 %	
Other expense, net	1.3	%	 	0.8	%	 	1.1	%	 	0.9	 %	
Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes	7.2	%	 	9.2	%	 	7.3	%	 	9.1	 %	
Provision for income taxes	2.0	%	 	3.1	%	 	1.9	%	 	3.1	 %	
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries	0.0	%	 	0.0	%	 	0.0	%	 	0.0	 %	
Income from continuing operations	5.2	%	 	6.1	%	 	5.4	%	 	6.1	 %	
Net loss from discontinued operations	—	%	 	—	%	 	—	%	 	(0.1	)%	
Net income	5.2	%	 	6.1	%	 	5.4	%	 	6.0	 %	
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	0.0	%	 	—	%	 	0.0	%	 	—	 %	
Net income attributable to LKQ stockholders	5.2	%	 	6.1	%	 	5.4	%	 	6.0	 %	
Note: In the table above, the sum of the individual percentages may not equal the total due to rounding.	

48

Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
Revenue. The following table summarizes the changes in revenue by category (in thousands):

																				
 	Three Months Ended	 	 	
 	June 30,	 	Percentage Change in Revenue	
 	2018	 	2017	 	Organic	 	Acquisition	 	Foreign Exchange	 	Total Change	
Parts & services revenue	$	2,857,051		 	$	2,325,883		 	7.2	%	 	12.7	%	 	2.9	%	 	22.8	%	
Other revenue	173,700		 	132,528		 	30.2	%	 	0.7	%	 	0.1	%	 	31.1	%	
Total revenue	$	3,030,751		 	$	2,458,411		 	8.5	%	 	12.1	%	 	2.8	%	 	23.3	%	
Note: In the table above, the sum of the individual percentages may not equal the total due to rounding.	
The change in parts and services revenue of 22.8% represented increases in segment revenue of 8.3% in North America, 44.2% in Europe and 13.6% in Specialty. The increase in other revenue of 31.1% was primarily driven by a $40 million organic increase, largely attributable to our North America segment. Refer to the discussion of our segment results of operations for factors contributing to the change in revenue by segment during the second quarter of 2018 compared to the prior year period.
Cost of Goods Sold . Cost of goods sold increased to 61.7% of revenue in the three months ended June 30, 2018 from 60.7% of revenue in the comparable prior year quarter. Cost of goods sold increased 0.7% and 0.4% as a result of our Europe and North America segments, respectively. Refer to the discussion of our segment results of operations for factors contributing to the changes in cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue by segment for the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017 .
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Our selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 27.3% in the three months ended June 30, 2018 from 27.0% in the three months ended June 30, 2017 , primarily as a result of our North America segment. Refer to the discussion of our segment results of operations for factors contributing to the changes in SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenue by segment for the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017 .
Restructuring and Acquisition Related Expenses . The following table summarizes restructuring and acquisition related expenses for the periods indicated (in thousands):

												
 	Three Months Ended	 	 	
 	June 30,	 	 	
 	2018	 	2017	 	Change	
Restructuring expenses	$	2,095		(1)  	$	381		 	$	1,714		
Acquisition related expenses	13,783		(2)  	2,140		(3)  	11,643		
Total restructuring and acquisition related expenses	$	15,878		 	$	2,521		 	$	13,357		
		
(1)	Restructuring expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2018 primarily related to the integration of our acquisition of Andrew Page. This integration included the closure of duplicate facilities and termination of employees.	
		
(2)	Acquisition related expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2018 included $13 million of costs for our acquisition of Stahlgruber.	
		
(3)	Acquisition related expenses for the quarter ended June 30, 2017 consisted of external costs for completed acquisitions and acquisitions that were pending as of June 30, 2017.	
See Note 6, "Restructuring and Acquisition Related Expenses " to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information on our restructuring and integration plans.

49

Depreciation and Amortization . The following table summarizes depreciation and amortization for the periods indicated (in thousands):

													
 	Three Months Ended	 	 	 	
 	June 30,	 	 	 	
 	2018	 	2017	 	Change	 	
Depreciation	$	33,536		 	$	28,975		 	$	4,561		(1)  	
Amortization	29,627		 	24,670		 	4,957		(2)  	
Total depreciation and amortization	$	63,163		 	$	53,645		 	$	9,518		 	
		
(1)	The increase in depreciation expense primarily reflected an increase of $4 million in our Europe segment, composed of (i) a $2 million increase from our acquisition of Stahlgruber, (ii) a $1 million increase from our acquisitions of aftermarket parts distribution businesses in Belgium and Poland in the third quarter of 2017, and (iii) a $1 million increase related to the impact of foreign currency translation, primarily due to increases in the euro and pound sterling exchange rates during the second quarter of 2018 compared to the prior year period.	
		
(2)	The increase in amortization expense primarily reflected an increase of $5 million from our acquisition of Stahlgruber.	
Other Expense, Net. The following table summarizes the components of the quarter-over-quarter increase in other expense, net (in thousands):

						
Other expense, net for the three months ended June 30, 2017	$	18,788		 	
Increase due to:	 	 	
Interest expense, net	13,676		(1)  	
Gain on bargain purchase	2,749		(2)  	
Other expense (income), net	3,486		(3)  	
Net increase	19,911		 	
Other expense, net for the three months ended June 30, 2018	$	38,699		 	
		
(1)	Additional interest primarily related to (i) an $11 million increase resulting from higher outstanding debt during the second quarter of 2018 compared to the prior year period (including the borrowings under our Euro Notes (2026/28)), (ii) a $2 million increase from higher interest rates on borrowings under our senior secured credit agreement compared to the prior year quarter, and (iii) a $1 million increase from foreign currency translation, primarily related to an increase in the euro exchange rate during the second quarter of 2018 compared to the prior year period.	
		
(2)	In October 2016, we acquired Andrew Page out of receivership. We recorded a gain on bargain purchase of $8 million in the fourth quarter of 2016, as the fair value of the net assets acquired exceeded the purchase price. During the second quarter of 2017, we increased the gain on bargain purchase for this acquisition by $2 million as a result of changes to our estimate of the fair value of net assets acquired. We also recorded a gain on bargain purchase for another acquisition in Europe completed in the second quarter of 2017, as the fair value of the net assets acquired exceeded the purchase price. In the second quarter of 2018, we increased the gain on bargain purchase for this acquisition by an immaterial amount.	
		
(3)	The increase in other expense (income), net primarily consisted of a $2 million impairment loss recorded during the second quarter of 2018 related to the pending divestiture of certain Andrew Page locations as a result of the U.K. Competition and Markets Authority review. The remaining increase was primarily related to higher foreign currency losses in 2018.	
Provision for Income Taxes . Our effective income tax rate was 27.9% for the three months ended June 30, 2018 , compared to 33.6% for the three months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease was primarily attributable to the reduction of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate from 35% to 21% as a result of the enactment of the Tax Act in December 2017. Partially offsetting this decrease was a 1.9% increase in the effective income tax rate as a result of the Stahlgruber acquisition, including non-deductible interest and acquisition related expenses, as well as the higher effective tax rate in Germany. We expect 0.6% of the increase to our effective tax rate to be non-recurring, as it relates to one-time financing and acquisition related costs for Stahlgruber. The effective tax rate also reflects the impact of favorable discrete items of approximately $1 million and $2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, for excess tax benefits from stock-based payments. The quarter over quarter change in these amounts increased the effective tax rate by 0.8% compared to the prior year. 

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Equity in Earnings of Unconsolidated Subsidiaries. Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 primarily related to our investment in Mekonomen.
Foreign Currency Impact. We translate our statements of income at the average exchange rates in effect for the period. Relative to the rates used during the three months ended June 30, 2018 , the Czech koruna, euro, pound sterling and Canadian dollar rates used to translate the 2018 statements of income increased by 12.4%, 8.3%, 6.3% and 4.1%, respectively. The translation effect of the change in foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar and realized and unrealized currency losses for the three months ended June 30, 2018 resulted in a positive effect of approximately half a penny on diluted earnings per share from continuing operations relative to the prior year second quarter.
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest. During the three months ended June 30, 2018 , we allocated income of $1 million to the noncontrolling interest of an immaterial subsidiary; we also allocated an immaterial amount to the noncontrolling interest of a subsidiary acquired in connection with the Stahlgruber acquisition. We reported no income or loss attributable to the noncontrolling interest in the prior year period.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
Revenue. The following table summarizes the changes in revenue by category (in thousands):

																				
 	Six Months Ended	 	 	
 	June 30,	 	Percentage Change in Revenue	
 	2018	 	2017	 	Organic	 	Acquisition	 	Foreign Exchange	 	Total Change	
Parts & services revenue	$	5,417,356		 	$	4,538,824		 	5.5	%	 	9.7	%	 	4.1	%	 	19.4	%	
Other revenue	334,159		 	262,430		 	26.4	%	 	0.8	%	 	0.2	%	 	27.3	%	
Total revenue	$	5,751,515		 	$	4,801,254		 	6.6	%	 	9.2	%	 	3.9	%	 	19.8	%	
Note: In the table above, the sum of the individual percentages may not equal the total due to rounding.	
The change in parts and services revenue of 19.4% represented increases in segment revenue of 8.5% in North America, 35.7% in Europe and 12.7% in Specialty. The increase in other revenue of 27.3% was primarily driven by a $69 million organic increase, largely attributable to our North America segment. Refer to the discussion of our segment results of operations for factors contributing to the change in revenue by segment during the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the prior year period.
Cost of Goods Sold . Cost of goods sold increased to 61.5% of revenue in the six months ended June 30, 2018 from 60.5% of revenue in the comparable prior year period. Cost of goods sold increased 0.6% and 0.5% as a result of our Europe and North America segments, respectively. Refer to the discussion of our segment results of operations for factors contributing to the changes in cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue by segment for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017 .
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Our SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 27.7% in the six months ended June 30, 2018 from 27.2% in the six months ended June 30, 2017 , primarily as a result of 0.2% increases from both our North America and Europe segments. Refer to the discussion of our segment results of operations for factors contributing to the changes in SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenue by segment for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017 .
Restructuring and Acquisition Related Expenses . The following table summarizes restructuring and acquisition related expenses for the periods indicated (in thousands):

												
 	Six Months Ended	 	 	
 	June 30,	 	 	
 	2018	 	2017	 	Change	
Restructuring expenses	$	4,132		(1)  	$	696		 	$	3,436		
Acquisition related expenses	15,800		(2)  	4,753		(3)  	11,047		
Total restructuring and acquisition related expenses	$	19,932		 	$	5,449		 	$	14,483		
		
(1)	Restructuring expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2018 primarily related to the integration of our acquisition of Andrew Page. This integration included the closure of duplicate facilities and termination of employees.	

51

		
(2)	Acquisition related expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2018 included $15 million of costs for our acquisition of Stahlgruber.	
		
(3)	Acquisition related expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2017 consisted of external costs for completed acquisitions and acquisitions that were pending as of June 30, 2017.	
See Note 6, "Restructuring and Acquisition Related Expenses " to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information on our restructuring and integration plans.
Depreciation and Amortization . The following table summarizes depreciation and amortization for the periods indicated (in thousands):

													
 	Six Months Ended	 	 	 	
 	June 30,	 	 	 	
 	2018	 	2017	 	Change	 	
Depreciation	$	65,801		 	$	54,368		 	$	11,433		(1)  	
Amortization	53,820		 	47,933		 	5,887		(2)  	
Total depreciation and amortization	$	119,621		 	$	102,301		 	$	17,320		 	
		
(1)	The increase in depreciation expense primarily reflected an increase of $10 million in our Europe segment, composed of (i) a $3 million increase due to a measurement period adjustment recorded in the first half of 2017 related to our valuation procedures for our acquisition of Rhiag that reduced depreciation expense, (ii) a $3 million increase related to the impact of foreign currency translation, primarily due to increases in the euro and pound sterling exchange rates during the first half of 2018 compared to the prior year period, (iii) $2 million of incremental depreciation expense from our acquisition of Stahlgruber, and (iv) $2 million of incremental depreciation expense from our acquisitions of aftermarket parts distribution businesses in Belgium and Poland in the third quarter of 2017.	
		
(2)	The increase in amortization expense primarily reflected (i) an increase of $5 million from our acquisition of Stahlgruber, and (ii) an increase of $2 million from our acquisition of Warn, partially offset by (iii) individually insignificant fluctuations in amortization expense across our other businesses that netted to a $1 million decrease.	
Other Expense, Net. The following table summarizes the components of the year-over-year increase in other expense, net (in thousands):

						
Other expense, net for the six months ended June 30, 2017	$	41,730		 	
Increase due to:	 	 	
Interest expense, net	18,203		(1)  	
Gains on bargain purchases	2,749		(2)  	
Other expense (income), net	1,650		(3)  	
Net increase	22,602		 	
Other expense, net for the six months ended June 30, 2018	$	64,332		 	
		
(1)	Additional interest primarily related to (i) an $11 million increase resulting from higher outstanding debt during the first half of 2018 compared to the prior year period (including the borrowings under our Euro Notes (2026/28)), (ii) a $4 million increase from higher interest rates on borrowings under our senior secured credit agreement compared to the prior year quarter, and (iii) a $3 million increase from foreign currency translation, primarily related to an increase in the euro exchange rate during the first half of 2018 compared to the prior year period.	
		
(2)	In October 2016, we acquired Andrew Page out of receivership. We recorded a gain on bargain purchase of $8 million in the fourth quarter of 2016, as the fair value of the net assets acquired exceeded the purchase price. During the second quarter of 2017, we increased the gain on bargain purchase for this acquisition by $2 million as a result of changes to our estimate of the fair value of net assets acquired. We also recorded a gain on bargain purchase for another acquisition in Europe completed in the second quarter of 2017, as the fair value of the net assets acquired exceeded the purchase price. In the second quarter of 2018, we increased the gain on bargain purchase for this acquisition by an immaterial amount.	
		
(3)	The increase in other expense (income), net primarily consisted of a $3 million increase in foreign currency losses, partially offset by an increase in other miscellaneous income.	

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Provision for Income Taxes . Our effective income tax rate was 26.3% for the six months ended June 30, 2018 , compared to 33.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease was primarily attributable to the reduction of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate from 35% to 21% as a result of the enactment of the Tax Act in December 2017. Partially offsetting this decrease was a 1.0% increase in the effective income tax rate as a result of the Stahlgruber acquisition, including non-deductible interest and acquisition related expenses, as well as the higher effective tax rate in Germany. The effective tax rate also reflects the impact of favorable discrete items of approximately $3 million and $6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, for excess tax benefits from stock-based payments. The quarter over quarter change in these amounts increased the effective tax rate by 0.5% compared to the prior year.
Equity in Earnings of Unconsolidated Subsidiaries. Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 primarily related to our investment in Mekonomen.
Foreign Currency Impact. We translate our statements of income at the average exchange rates in effect for the period. Relative to the rates used during the six months ended June 30, 2018 , the Czech koruna, euro, pound sterling and Canadian dollar rates used to translate the 2018 statements of income increased by 17.3%, 11.7%, 9.2% and 4.4%, respectively. The translation effect of the change in foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar and realized and unrealized currency losses for the six months ended June 30, 2018 resulted in a $0.02 positive effect on diluted earnings per share from continuing operations relative to the first half of the prior year.
Net Loss from Discontinued Operations.  During the six months ended June 30, 2017, we recorded a net loss from discontinued operations totaling $5 million; we had no discontinued operations in the current year period. Discontinued operations for 2017 represents the automotive glass manufacturing business of PGW, which we sold on March 1, 2017.
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest. During the six months ended June 30, 2018 , we allocated income of $1 million to the noncontrolling interest of an immaterial subsidiary; we also allocated an immaterial amount to the noncontrolling interest of a subsidiary acquired in connection with the Stahlgruber acquisition. We reported no income or loss attributable to the noncontrolling interest in the prior year period.

Results of Operations—Segment Reporting
We have four operating segments: Wholesale – North America, Europe, Specialty and Self Service. Our Wholesale – North America and Self Service operating segments are aggregated into one reportable segment, North America, because they possess similar economic characteristics and have common products and services, customers, and methods of distribution. Therefore, we present three reportable segments: North America, Europe and Specialty.
We have presented the growth of our revenue and profitability in our operations on both an as reported and a constant currency basis. The constant currency presentation, which is a non-GAAP measure, excludes the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We believe providing constant currency information provides valuable supplemental information regarding our growth and profitability, consistent with how we evaluate our performance, as this statistic removes the translation impact of exchange rate fluctuations, which are outside of our control and do not reflect our operational performance. Constant currency revenue and Segment EBITDA results are calculated by translating prior year revenue and Segment EBITDA in local currency using the current year's currency conversion rate. This non-GAAP financial measure has important limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for an analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Our use of this term may vary from the use of similarly-titled measures by other issuers due to potential inconsistencies in the method of calculation and differences due to items subject to interpretation. In addition, not all companies that report revenue or profitability on a constant currency basis calculate such measures in the same manner as we do, and accordingly, our calculations are not necessarily comparable to similarly-named measures of other companies and may not be appropriate measures for performance relative to other companies.
The following table presents our financial performance, including third party revenue, total revenue and Segment EBITDA, by reportable segment for the periods indicated (in thousands):

53

	
																												
 	Three Months Ended June 30,	 	Six Months Ended June 30,	
 	2018	 	% of Total Segment Revenue	 	2017	 	% of Total Segment Revenue	 	2018	 	% of Total Segment Revenue	 	2017	 	% of Total Segment Revenue	
Third Party Revenue	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
North America	$	1,334,965		 	 	 	$	1,206,305		 	 	 	$	2,664,625		 	 	 	$	2,414,352		 	 	
Europe	1,284,153		 	 	 	889,751		 	 	 	2,324,583		 	 	 	1,710,648		 	 	
Specialty	411,633		 	 	 	362,355		 	 	 	762,307		 	 	 	676,254		 	 	
Total third party revenue	$	3,030,751		 	 	 	$	2,458,411		 	 	 	$	5,751,515		 	 	 	$	4,801,254		 	 	
Total Revenue	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
North America	$	1,335,166		 	 	 	$	1,206,514		 	 	 	$	2,665,009		 	 	 	$	2,414,754		 	 	
Europe	1,284,153		 	 	 	889,751		 	 	 	2,324,583		 	 	 	1,710,648		 	 	
Specialty	412,873		 	 	 	363,470		 	 	 	764,665		 	 	 	678,404		 	 	
Eliminations	(1,441	)	 	 	 	(1,324	)	 	 	 	(2,742	)	 	 	 	(2,552	)	 	 	
Total revenue	$	3,030,751		 	 	 	$	2,458,411		 	 	 	$	5,751,515		 	 	 	$	4,801,254		 	 	
Segment EBITDA	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
North America	$	175,010		 	13.1	%	 	$	173,732		 	14.4	%	 	$	352,723		 	13.2	%	 	$	349,867		 	14.5	%	
Europe	110,893		 	8.6	%	 	83,549		 	9.4	%	 	186,427		 	8.0	%	 	162,243		 	9.5	%	
Specialty	56,068		 	13.6	%	 	48,578		 	13.4	%	 	98,037		 	12.8	%	 	84,019		 	12.4	%	

The key measure of segment profit or loss reviewed by our chief operating decision maker, who is our Chief Executive Officer, is Segment EBITDA. Segment EBITDA includes revenue and expenses that are controllable by the segment. Corporate general and administrative expenses are allocated to the segments based on usage, with shared expenses apportioned based on the segment's percentage of consolidated revenue. We calculate Segment EBITDA as EBITDA excluding restructuring and acquisition related expenses, change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities, other acquisition related gains and losses and equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries. EBITDA, which is the basis for Segment EBITDA, is calculated as net income excluding noncontrolling interest, discontinued operations, depreciation, amortization, interest and income tax expense. See Note 16, "Segment and Geographic Information " to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a reconciliation of total Segment EBITDA to net income.

Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
North America
Third Party Revenue . The following table summarizes the changes in third party revenue by category in our North America segment (in thousands):

																					
 	Three Months Ended June 30,	 	Percentage Change in Revenue	
North America	2018	 	2017	 	Organic	 	Acquisition (3)	 	Foreign Exchange	 	Total Change	
Parts & services revenue	$	1,165,422		 	$	1,075,656		 	7.4	%	(1  	)  	0.7	%	 	0.3	%	 	8.3	%	
Other revenue	169,543		 	130,649		 	29.3	%	(2  	)  	0.5	%	 	0.0	%	 	29.8	%	
Total third party revenue	$	1,334,965		 	$	1,206,305		 	9.8	%	 	0.7	%	 	0.2	%	 	10.7	%	
Note: In the table above, the sum of the individual percentages may not equal the total due to rounding.	
		
(1)	Organic growth in parts and services revenue was largely attributable to increased sales volumes and, to a lesser extent, favorable pricing in our wholesale operations. The volume increases were primarily driven by (i) more severe winter weather conditions in the first quarter of 2018 compared to milder winter weather conditions in the prior year period, which impacted backlog into the second quarter, and (ii) to a lesser extent, incremental sales related to an agreement signed in December 2017 for the distribution of batteries.	
		
(2)	The $39 million increase in other revenue primarily related to (i) a $25 million increase in revenue from scrap steel and other metals primarily related to higher prices and, to a lesser extent, increased volumes, year over year and (ii) a	

54

$7 million increase in revenue from metals found in catalytic converters (platinum, palladium, and rhodium) primarily due to higher prices and, to a lesser extent, increased volumes, year over year.
		
(3)	Acquisition related growth in the second quarter of 2018 reflected revenue from our acquisition of six wholesale businesses from the beginning of the second quarter of 2017 up to the one-year anniversary of the acquisition dates.	
Segment EBITDA . Segment EBITDA increased $1 million, or 0.7%, in the second quarter of 2018 compared to the prior year second quarter. Sequential increases in scrap steel prices in our salvage and self service operations had a favorable impact of $4 million on North America Segment EBITDA during the second quarter of 2018, which was approximately the same as the positive impact on the second quarter of 2017. This favorable impact resulted from the increase in scrap steel prices between the date we purchased a vehicle, which influences the price we pay for a vehicle, and the date we scrapped a vehicle, which influences the price we receive for scrapping a vehicle.
The following table summarizes the changes in Segment EBITDA as a percentage of revenue in our North America segment:

					
North America	 	Percentage of Total Segment Revenue	 	
Segment EBITDA for the three months ended June 30, 2017	 	14.4	 %	 	
Decrease due to:	 	 	 	
Change in gross margin	 	(0.8	)%	(1)	
Change in segment operating expenses	 	(0.3	)%	(2)	
Change in other expense, net and net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	 	(0.2	)%	(3)	
Segment EBITDA for the three months ended June 30, 2018	 	13.1	 %	 	
Note: In the table above, the sum of the individual percentages may not equal the total due to rounding.	
		
(1)	The decrease in gross margin reflected an unfavorable impact of 0.8% from our wholesale operations. The decrease in wholesale gross margin is primarily due to (i) a mix shift to lower margin product lines, including remanufactured engines, and batteries, compared to the prior year second quarter, and (ii) higher car costs in our salvage operations.	
		
(2)	The increase in segment operating expenses as a percentage of revenue reflected (i) a 0.3% increase in both freight and vehicle expenses, primarily due to higher use of third party freight and increased vehicle rental leases to handle incremental volumes as well as increases in fuel prices, partially offset by (ii) a 0.3% decrease related to a non-recurring expense related to a contingent liability recorded in the second quarter of 2017.	
		
(3)	The increase in other expense, net was primarily due to net income attributable to noncontrolling interest and other miscellaneous non-operating expenses.	

Europe
Third Party Revenue . The following table summarizes the changes in third party revenue by category in our Europe segment (in thousands):

																				
 	Three Months Ended June 30,	 	Percentage Change in Revenue	
Europe	2018	 	2017	 	Organic (1)	 	Acquisition (2)	 	Foreign Exchange (3)	 	Total Change	
Parts & services revenue	$	1,279,996		 	$	887,872		 	8.3	%	 	28.8	%	 	7.1	%	 	44.2	%	
Other revenue	4,157		 	1,879		 	97.4	%	 	20.5	%	 	3.3	%	 	121.2	%	
Total third party revenue	$	1,284,153		 	$	889,751		 	8.4	%	 	28.8	%	 	7.1	%	 	44.3	%	
Note: In the table above, the sum of the individual percentages may not equal the total due to rounding.	
		
(1)	Parts and services revenue grew organically across our aftermarket businesses in Europe from both existing locations and new branches. Revenue at our existing locations in our U.K. operations grew primarily as a result of increased volumes due to an increase in online catalog sales and the timing of the Easter holiday compared to the prior year period. In Eastern Europe, we added 44 branches since the beginning of the second quarter of 2017, and organic	

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revenue growth included revenue from those locations. Revenue at our existing locations in our Benelux operations grew primarily as a result of increased volumes as a result of favorable market conditions.
		
(2)	Acquisition related growth for the three months ended June 30, 2018 included $168 million, or 18.9%, $35 million, or 4.0%, and $35 million, or 3.9%, from our acquisitions of Stahlgruber and aftermarket parts distribution businesses in Poland and Belgium, respectively. The remainder of our acquired revenue growth included revenue from our acquisitions of 14 wholesale businesses in our Europe segment since the beginning of the second quarter of 2017 through the one-year anniversary of the acquisitions.	
		
(3)	Compared to the prior year, exchange rates increased our revenue growth by $63 million, or 7.1%, primarily due to the weaker U.S. dollar against the euro, pound sterling and Czech koruna during the second quarter of 2018 relative to the comparable period of 2017.	
Segment EBITDA . Segment EBITDA increased $27 million, or 32.7%, in the second quarter of 2018 compared to the second quarter of 2017. Our Europe Segment EBITDA included a positive year over year impact of $6 million related to the translation of local currency results into U.S. dollars at higher exchange rates than those experienced during 2017. On a constant currency basis (i.e. excluding the translation impact), Segment EBITDA increased by $21 million, or 25.7%, compared to the prior year. Refer to the Foreign Currency Impact discussion within the Results of Operations - Consolidated section above for further detail regarding foreign currency impact on our results for the three months ended June 30, 2018 .
The following table summarizes the changes in Segment EBITDA as a percentage of revenue in our Europe segment:

					
Europe	 	Percentage of Total Segment Revenue	 	
Segment EBITDA for the three months ended June 30, 2017	 	9.4	 %	 	
Increase (decrease) due to:	 	 	 	
Change in gross margin	 	(1.2	)%	(1)	
Change in segment operating expenses	 	0.3	 %	(2)	
Change in other expense, net and net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	 	0.1	 %	 	
Segment EBITDA for the three months ended June 30, 2018	 	8.6	 %	 	
Note: In the table above, the sum of the individual percentages may not equal the total due to rounding.	
		
(1)	The decline in gross margin was due to (i) an 0.8% decrease related to our U.K. operations primarily as a result of incremental costs related to the national distribution facility as well as higher customer incentives to drive volume recovery after we experienced operational issues at the national distribution center in the first quarter of 2018, (ii) a 0.5% net decrease due to mix related to our acquisition of an aftermarket parts distribution business in Poland during the third quarter of 2017, and (iii) a 0.3% decrease in our Italy and Eastern Europe operations due to higher customer incentives and decreased prices as a result of increased market competition. The unfavorable effects were partially offset by (i) a 0.3% increase in gross margin in our Benelux operations primarily due to the ongoing move from a three-step to a two-step distribution model and increased private label sales, which have higher gross margins, and (ii) a 0.3% increase due to a favorable impact related to an increase in supplier rebates as a result of centralized procurement for our Europe segment.	
		
(2)	The decrease in segment operating expenses as a percentage of revenue was primarily due to a positive leverage effect of 0.4%, as facility, freight, and advertising expenses grew at a lower rate than organic revenue in the quarter.	

Specialty
Third Party Revenue . The following table summarizes the changes in third party revenue by category in our Specialty segment (in thousands):

56

	
																				
 	Three Months Ended June 30,	 	Percentage Change in Revenue	
Specialty	2018	 	2017	 	Organic (1)	 	Acquisition (2)	 	Foreign Exchange	 	Total Change	
Parts & services revenue	$	411,633		 	$	362,355		 	4.1	%	 	9.0	%	 	0.5	%	 	13.6	%	
Other revenue	—		 	—		 	—	%	 	—	%	 	—	%	 	—	%	
Total third party revenue	$	411,633		 	$	362,355		 	4.1	%	 	9.0	%	 	0.5	%	 	13.6	%	
Note: In the table above, the sum of the individual percentages may not equal the total due to rounding.	
		
(1)	Organic growth in parts and services revenue was primarily due to higher volumes across both our automotive and RV businesses, largely due to improved weather conditions, favorable economic conditions across most of the U.S., and year over year growth of new vehicle sales of pickups, sport utility vehicles and other highly accessorized vehicles.	
		
(2)	Acquisition related growth in the second quarter of 2018 included $32 million, or 8.7%, from our acquisition of Warn. The remainder of our acquired revenue growth reflected an immaterial amount of acquired revenue from our acquisitions of two wholesale businesses from the beginning of the second quarter of 2017 up to the one-year anniversary of the acquisition dates.	
Segment EBITDA . Segment EBITDA increased $7 million, or 15.4%, in the second quarter of 2018 compared to the prior year second quarter.
The following table summarizes the changes in Segment EBITDA as a percentage of revenue in our Specialty segment:

					
Specialty	 	Percentage of Total Segment Revenue	 	
Segment EBITDA for the three months ended June 30, 2017	 	13.4	 %	 	
Increase (decrease) due to:	 	 	 	
Change in gross margin	 	1.4	 %	(1)	
Change in segment operating expenses	 	(1.2	)%	(2)	
Segment EBITDA for the three months ended June 30, 2018	 	13.6	 %	 	
Note: In the table above, the sum of the individual percentages may not equal the total due to rounding.	
		
(1)	The increase in gross margin reflects favorable impacts of (i) 0.9% from our acquisition of Warn, which has a higher gross margin than our other Specialty operations, and (ii) 0.8% from our initiatives to improve gross margin, which has slowed organic revenue growth, but benefited gross margin, partially offset by (iii) 0.2% of non-recurring favorable adjustments for sales allowances in the second quarter of 2017.	
		
(2)	The increase in segment operating expenses reflects unfavorable impacts of (i) 0.6% in personnel costs primarily as a result of a negative leverage effect, as personnel costs in our sales and marketing and warehouse functions grew at a greater rate than organic revenue in the quarter, (ii) 0.4% from our acquisition of Warn, which has higher operating expenses as a percentage of revenue than our existing Specialty operations, and (iii) 0.2% in vehicle and fuel expenses primarily due to increased fuel prices.	

Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
North America
Third Party Revenue . The following table summarizes the changes in third party revenue by category in our North America segment (in thousands):

57

	
																					
 	Six Months Ended June 30,	 	Percentage Change in Revenue	
North America	2018	 	2017	 	Organic	 	Acquisition (3)	 	Foreign Exchange	 	Total Change	
Parts & services revenue	$	2,338,007		 	$	2,155,531		 	7.0	%	(1  	)  	1.2	%	 	0.3	%	 	8.5	%	
Other revenue	326,618		 	258,821		 	25.6	%	(2  	)  	0.5	%	 	0.1	%	 	26.2	%	
Total third party revenue	$	2,664,625		 	$	2,414,352		 	9.0	%	 	1.2	%	 	0.3	%	 	10.4	%	
Note: In the table above, the sum of the individual percentages may not equal the total due to rounding.	
		
(1)	Organic growth in parts and services revenue was largely attributable to increased sales volumes in our wholesale operations, primarily driven by (i) severe winter weather conditions in the first quarter of 2018 compared to mild winter weather conditions in the prior year period, and (ii) to a lesser extent, incremental sales related to an agreement signed in December 2017 for the distribution of batteries.	
		
(2)	The $68 million increase in other revenue primarily related to (i) a $45 million increase in revenue from scrap steel and other metals primarily related to higher prices and, to a lesser extent, increased volumes, year over year and (ii) a $15 million increase in revenue from metals found in catalytic converters (platinum, palladium, and rhodium) primarily due to higher prices and, to a lesser extent, increased volumes, year over year.	
		
(3)	Acquisition related growth in the first half of 2018 reflected revenue from our acquisition of seven wholesale businesses from the beginning of 2017 up to the one-year anniversary of the acquisition dates.	
Segment EBITDA . Segment EBITDA increased $3 million, or 0.8%, in the first half of 2018 compared to the prior year period. Sequential increases in scrap steel prices in our salvage and self service operations had a favorable impact of $17 million on North America Segment EBITDA during the first half of 2018, which was an increase of $7 million over the positive impact on the first half of 2017. This favorable impact resulted from the increase in scrap steel prices between the date we purchased a vehicle, which influences the price we pay for a vehicle, and the date we scrapped a vehicle, which influences the price we receive for scrapping a vehicle.
The following table summarizes the changes in Segment EBITDA as a percentage of revenue in our North America segment:

					
North America	 	Percentage of Total Segment Revenue	 	
Segment EBITDA for the six months ended June 30, 2017	 	14.5	 %	 	
Decrease due to:	 	 	 	
Change in gross margin	 	(0.9	)%	(1)	
Change in segment operating expenses	 	(0.4	)%	(2)	
Segment EBITDA for the six months ended June 30, 2018	 	13.2	 %	 	
Note: In the table above, the sum of the individual percentages may not equal the total due to rounding.	
		
(1)	The decrease in gross margin reflected unfavorable impacts of 0.8% and 0.2% from our wholesale and self service operations, respectively. The decrease in wholesale gross margin is primarily attributable to (i) higher input costs from suppliers in our aftermarket operations, as net selling prices in the first quarter did not increase to match the increase in input costs, (ii) a shift in our sales toward lower margin products, including batteries and remanufactured engines, compared to the prior year period, and (iii) higher car costs in our salvage operations. The decrease in self service gross margin is primarily attributable to higher car costs as a result of increases in scrap prices. While higher car costs can produce more gross margin dollars, these cars tend to have a dilutive effect on the gross margin percentage as parts revenue will typically increase at a lesser rate than the rise in average car cost.	
		
(2)	The increase in segment operating expenses as a percentage of revenue reflected (i) a 0.3% and 0.2% increase in freight and vehicle expenses, respectively, primarily due to higher use of third party freight and increased vehicle rental leases to handle incremental volumes as well as increases in fuel prices, partially offset by (ii) a 0.2% decrease in personnel costs primarily attributable to shared PGW corporate personnel expenses incurred during the first quarter of 2017; these shared costs ceased being incurred upon the closing of the sale of the glass manufacturing business on March 1, 2017.	

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Europe
Third Party Revenue . The following table summarizes the changes in third party revenue by category in our Europe segment (in thousands):

																				
 	Six Months Ended June 30,	 	Percentage Change in Revenue	
Europe	2018	 	2017	 	Organic (1)	 	Acquisition (2)	 	Foreign Exchange (3)	 	Total Change	
Parts & services revenue	$	2,317,042		 	$	1,707,039		 	4.9	%	 	20.4	%	 	10.5	%	 	35.7	%	
Other revenue	7,541		 	3,609		 	82.6	%	 	19.4	%	 	6.9	%	 	108.9	%	
Total third party revenue	$	2,324,583		 	$	1,710,648		 	5.0	%	 	20.4	%	 	10.5	%	 	35.9	%	
Note: In the table above, the sum of the individual percentages may not equal the total due to rounding.	
		
(1)	Parts and services revenue grew organically across our aftermarket businesses in Europe from both existing locations and new branches. Revenue at our existing locations in our U.K. operations grew primarily as a result of increased volumes due to an increase in online catalog sales. In Eastern Europe, we added 56 branches since the beginning of 2017, and organic revenue growth included revenue from those locations. Revenue at our existing locations in our Benelux operations grew primarily as a result of increased volumes as a result of favorable weather conditions in the first quarter and favorable market conditions during the first half of 2018.	
		
(2)	Acquisition related growth for the six months ended June 30, 2018 included $168 million, or 9.8%, $70 million, or 4.1%, and $66 million, or 3.9%, from our acquisitions of Stahlgruber and aftermarket parts distribution businesses in Belgium and Poland, respectively. The remainder of our acquired revenue growth included revenue from our acquisitions of 15 wholesale businesses in our Europe segment since the beginning of 2017 through the one-year anniversary of the acquisitions.	
		
(3)	Compared to the prior year, exchange rates increased our revenue growth by $179 million, or 10.5%, primarily due to the weaker U.S. dollar against the euro, pound sterling and Czech koruna during the first half of 2018 relative to the comparable period of 2017.	
Segment EBITDA . Segment EBITDA increased $24 million, or 14.9% in the first half of 2018 compared to the first half of 2017. Our Europe Segment EBITDA included a positive year over year impact of $18 million related to the translation of local currency results into U.S. dollars at higher exchange rates than those experienced during 2017. On a constant currency basis (i.e. excluding the translation impact), Segment EBITDA increased by $7 million, or 4.1%, compared to the prior year. Refer to the Foreign Currency Impact discussion within the Results of Operations - Consolidated section above for further detail regarding foreign currency impact on our results for the six months ended June 30, 2018 .
The following table summarizes the changes in Segment EBITDA as a percentage of revenue in our Europe segment:

					
Europe	 	Percentage of Total Segment Revenue	 	
Segment EBITDA for the six months ended June 30, 2017	 	9.5	 %	 	
Decrease due to:	 	 	 	
Change in gross margin	 	(1.2	)%	(1)	
Change in segment operating expenses	 	(0.3	)%	(2)	
Segment EBITDA for the six months ended June 30, 2018	 	8.0	 %	 	
Note: In the table above, the sum of the individual percentages may not equal the total due to rounding.	
		
(1)	The decline in gross margin was due to (i) a 1.2% decrease related to our U.K. operations primarily as a result of replenishment issues and related stock availability in the first quarter at our national distribution center and branches that led to some temporary service issues and increased labor costs to manually stock and receive product, higher customer incentives, and incremental costs related to the national distribution facility, (ii) a 0.5% net decrease due to mix related to our acquisition of an aftermarket parts distribution business in Poland during the third quarter of 2017, and (iii) a 0.2% decrease in our Italy and Eastern Europe operations due to higher customer incentives and decreased prices as a result of increased market competition. The unfavorable effects were partially offset by (i) a 0.5% increase in gross margin in our Benelux operations primarily due to increased private label sales, which have higher gross margins, and the ongoing move from a three-step to a two-step distribution model, and (ii) a 0.3% increase due to a	

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favorable impact related to an increase in supplier rebates as a result of centralized procurement for our Europe segment.
		
(2)	The increase in segment operating expenses as a percentage of revenue reflected a 0.4% increase in personnel expenses due to increased headcount as new branches were opened and, in our Benelux operations, the transition from a three-step to two-step distribution model, which has higher SG&A costs but higher gross margins. This unfavorable effect is partially offset by several individually immaterial factors that had a favorable impact of 0.1% in the aggregate.	

Specialty
Third Party Revenue . The following table summarizes the changes in third party revenue by category in our Specialty segment (in thousands):

																				
 	Six Months Ended June 30,	 	Percentage Change in Revenue	
Specialty	2018	 	2017	 	Organic (1)	 	Acquisition (2)	 	Foreign Exchange	 	Total Change	
Parts & services revenue	$	762,307		 	$	676,254		 	2.3	%	 	9.9	%	 	0.5	%	 	12.7	%	
Other revenue	—		 	—		 	—	%	 	—	%	 	—	%	 	—	%	
Total third party revenue	$	762,307		 	$	676,254		 	2.3	%	 	9.9	%	 	0.5	%	 	12.7	%	
Note: In the table above, the sum of the individual percentages may not equal the total due to rounding.	
		
(1)	Organic growth in parts and services revenue was negatively impacted by unfavorable weather conditions experienced across most of the U.S. throughout the first quarter of 2018. Unlike our other segments, which typically benefit from inclement weather conditions, sales in our Specialty operations were negatively impacted during such weather, both on the demand side for our RV focused products and our ability to distribute in certain markets. Further contributing to the low organic revenue growth was the effect of implementing customer and product mix rationalization decisions to improve gross margin. The organic revenue growth rate was higher in the second quarter than the first quarter due to the factors discussed in the three months results section.	
		
(2)	Acquisition related growth in the six months ended June 30, 2018 included $66 million, or 9.7%, from our acquisition of Warn. The remainder of our acquired revenue growth reflected an immaterial amount of acquired revenue from our acquisitions of three wholesale businesses from the beginning of the second quarter of 2017 up to the one-year anniversary of the acquisition dates.	
Segment EBITDA . Segment EBITDA increased $14 million, or 16.7%, in the first half of 2018 compared to the prior year period.
The following table summarizes the changes in Segment EBITDA as a percentage of revenue in our Specialty segment:

					
Specialty	 	Percentage of Total Segment Revenue	 	
Segment EBITDA for the six months ended June 30, 2017	 	12.4	 %	 	
Increase (decrease) due to:	 	 	 	
Change in gross margin	 	1.6	 %	(1)	
Change in segment operating expenses	 	(1.1	)%	(2)	
Change in other expense, net	 	(0.1	)%	 	
Segment EBITDA for the six months ended June 30, 2018	 	12.8	 %	 	
Note: In the table above, the sum of the individual percentages may not equal the total due to rounding.	
		
(1)	The increase in gross margin reflects favorable impacts of (i) 0.9% from our acquisition of Warn, which has a higher gross margin than our existing Specialty operations, and (ii) 0.7% from our initiatives to improve gross margin, which has slowed organic revenue growth, but benefited gross margin.	
		
(2)	The increase in segment operating expenses reflects unfavorable impacts of (i) 0.6% in personnel costs primarily as a result of a negative leverage effect, as personnel costs in our sales and marketing and warehouse functions grew at a	

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greater rate than organic revenue in the quarter, (ii) 0.3% from our acquisition of Warn, which has higher operating expenses as a percentage of revenue than our existing Specialty operations, and (iii) 0.2% in vehicle and fuel expenses primarily due to increased fuel prices.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following table summarizes liquidity data as of the dates indicated (in thousands):

												
 	June 30, 2018	 	December 31, 2017	 	June 30, 2017	
Cash and cash equivalents	$	345,202		 	$	279,766		 	$	303,544		
Total debt (1)	4,476,000		 	3,428,280		 	3,009,927		
Current maturities (2)	181,992		 	129,184		 	99,254		
Capacity under credit facilities (3)	2,850,000		 	2,850,000		 	2,550,000		
Availability under credit facilities (3)	1,563,926		 	1,395,081		 	1,431,674		
Total liquidity (cash and cash equivalents plus availability under credit facilities)	1,909,128		 	1,674,847		 	1,735,218		
		
(1)	Debt amounts reflect the gross values to be repaid (excluding debt issuance costs of $37 million , $24 million and $22 million as of June 30, 2018 , December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017 , respectively).	
		
(2)	Debt amounts reflect the gross values to be repaid (excluding debt issuance costs of $5 million , $3 million and $2 million as of June 30, 2018 , December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017 , respectively).	
		
(3)	Capacity under credit facilities includes our revolving credit facilities and our receivables securitization facility. Availability under credit facilities is reduced by our letters of credit.	
We assess our liquidity in terms of our ability to fund our operations and provide for expansion through both internal development and acquisitions. Our primary sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations and our credit facilities. We utilize our cash flows from operations to fund working capital and capital expenditures, with the excess amounts going towards funding acquisitions or paying down outstanding debt. As we have pursued acquisitions as part of our growth strategy, our cash flows from operations have not always been sufficient to cover our investing activities. To fund our acquisitions, we have accessed various forms of debt financing, including revolving credit facilities, senior notes and our receivables securitization facility.
As of June 30, 2018 , we had debt outstanding and additional available sources of financing as follows:
		
•	Senior secured credit facilities maturing in January 2023, composed of term loans totaling $750 million ( $696 million outstanding at June 30, 2018 ) and $2.75 billion in revolving credit ( $1.1 billion outstanding at June 30, 2018 ), bearing interest at variable rates (although a portion of this debt is hedged through interest rate swap contracts), reduced by $65 million of amounts outstanding under letters of credit	
		
•	U.S. Notes (2023) totaling $600 million, maturing in May 2023 and bearing interest at a 4.75% fixed rate	
		
•	Euro Notes (2024) totaling $ 584 million (€500 million), maturing in April 2024 and bearing interest at a 3.875% fixed rate	
		
•	Euro Notes (2026/28) totaling $1.2 billion (€1.0 billion), consisting of (i) €750 million maturing in April 2026 and bearing interest at a 3.625% fixed rate, and (ii) €250 million maturing in April 2028 and bearing interest at a 4.125% fixed rate	
		
•	Receivables securitization facility with availability up to $100 million ( $100 million outstanding as of June 30, 2018 ), maturing in November 2019 and bearing interest at variable commercial paper rates	
From time to time, we may undertake financing transactions to increase our available liquidity, such as the issuance of the Euro Notes (2026/28) in April 2018 related to the Stahlgruber acquisition and our December 2017 amendment to our senior secured credit facilities. Given the long-term nature of our investment in Stahlgruber, combined with favorable interest rates, we decided to fund the acquisition primarily through long-term, fixed rate notes. We believe this approach provides financial flexibility to execute our long-term growth strategy while maintaining availability under our revolver. If we see an attractive acquisition opportunity, we have the ability to use our revolver to move quickly and have certainty of funding up to the amount of our then-available liquidity.
The enterprise value for the Stahlgruber acquisition was €1.5 billion, which was financed with the proceeds from the €1.0 billion of Euro Notes (2026/28), the direct issuance to Stahlgruber's owner of 8,055,569 newly issued shares of LKQ common stock, and borrowings under our existing revolving credit facility.

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As of June 30, 2018 , we had approximately $1.6 billion  available under our credit facilities. Combined with approximately  $345 million  of cash and cash equivalents at  June 30, 2018 , we had approximately  $1.9 billion  in available liquidity, an increase of $234 million over our available liquidity as of December 31, 2017 .
We believe that our current liquidity and cash expected to be generated by operating activities in future periods will be sufficient to meet our current operating and capital requirements, although such sources may not be sufficient for future acquisitions depending on their size. While we believe that we have adequate capacity, from time to time we may need to raise additional funds through public or private financing, strategic relationships or other arrangements, as noted above regarding the Stahlgruber transaction. There can be no assurance that additional funding, or refinancing of our credit facilities, if needed, will be available on terms attractive to us, or at all. Furthermore, any additional equity financing may be dilutive to stockholders, and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants or higher interest costs. Our failure to raise capital if and when needed could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition.
Borrowings under the credit agreement accrue interest at variable rates which are tied to LIBOR or the Canadian Dollar Offered Rate ("CDOR"), depending on the currency and the duration of the borrowing, plus an applicable margin rate which is subject to change quarterly based on our reported leverage ratio. We hold interest rate swaps to hedge the variable rates on a portion of our credit agreement borrowings, with the effect of fixing the interest rates on the respective notional amounts. In addition, in 2016, we entered into cross currency swaps that contain an interest rate swap component and a foreign currency forward contract component that, when combined with related intercompany financing arrangements, effectively convert variable rate U.S. dollar-denominated borrowings into fixed rate euro-denominated borrowings. These derivative transactions are described in Note 11, "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities " to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. After giving effect to these contracts, the weighted average interest rate on borrowings outstanding under our credit agreement at June 30, 2018 was 2.5% . Including our senior notes and the borrowings under our receivables securitization program, our overall weighted average interest rate on borrowings was 3.3% at June 30, 2018 .
Cash interest payments were $56 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 , including $26 million in semi-annual interest payments on our U.S. Notes (2023) and our Euro Notes (2024). Interest payments on our U.S. Notes (2023) are made in May and November, and interest payments on our Euro Notes (2024) are scheduled for April and October. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2018, we will also make semi-annual interest payments of $22 million on our Euro Notes (2026/28). Interest payments on our Euro Notes (2026/28) are made in April and October.
We had outstanding credit agreement borrowings of $1.8 billion and $2.0 billion at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively. Of these amounts, $26 million and $18 million were classified as current maturities at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively.
The scheduled maturities of long-term obligations outstanding at June 30, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

				
Six months ending December 31, 2018	$	156,309		
Years ending December 31:	 	
2019	150,088		
2020	59,914		
2021	40,198		
2022	38,888		
2023	2,269,327		
Thereafter	1,761,276		
Total debt (1)	$	4,476,000		

(1)	The total debt amounts presented above reflect the gross values to be repaid (excluding debt issuance costs of $37 million as of June 30, 2018 ).	
Our credit agreement contains customary covenants that provide limitations and conditions on our ability to enter into certain transactions. The credit agreement also contains financial and affirmative covenants, including limitations on our net leverage ratio and a minimum interest coverage ratio. We were in compliance with all restrictive covenants under our credit agreement as of June 30, 2018 .
As of  June 30, 2018 , the Company had cash and cash equivalents of  $345 million , of which $270 million was held by foreign subsidiaries. In general it has been our practice and intention to permanently reinvest the undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries, and that position has not changed following the enactment of the Tax Act and the related imposition of the transition tax. Distributions of dividends from our foreign subsidiaries will be generally exempt from further U.S. taxation,

63

either as a result of the new 100% participation exemption under the Tax Act, or due to the previous taxation of foreign earnings under the transition tax. In July 2018, to lower our average borrowing cost, we elected to unwind several financing entities in Europe, restructure and increase related Europe borrowings and repatriate cash to reduce U.S. borrowings. However, we are still evaluating whether the Tax Act will affect the Company’s prior general existing policy to indefinitely reinvest unremitted foreign earnings.
     We believe that we have sufficient cash flow and liquidity to meet our financial obligations in the U.S. without resorting to repatriation of foreign earnings. As noted, we may, from time to time, choose to selectively repatriate foreign earnings if doing so supports our financing or liquidity objectives. As a result of the Tax Act, we expect to have significantly lower income tax payments in 2018 due to the lower tax rate and the immediate deduction of capital expenditures, partially offset by the first payment with respect to the transition tax.
The procurement of inventory is the largest operating use of our funds. We normally pay for aftermarket product purchases at the time of shipment or on standard payment terms, depending on the manufacturer and the negotiated payment terms. We normally pay for salvage vehicles acquired at salvage auctions and under direct procurement arrangements at the time that we take possession of the vehicles.
The following table sets forth a summary of our aftermarket and manufactured inventory procurement for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):

																									
 	Three Months Ended	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	June 30,	 	June 30,	 	
 	2018	 	2017	 	Change	 	2018	 	2017	 	Change	 	
North America	$	363,000		 	$	393,300		 	$	(30,300	)	 	$	721,800		 	$	659,100		 	$	62,700		(1)  	
Europe	827,100		 	536,100		 	291,000		 	1,494,200		 	1,063,500		 	430,700		(2)  	
Specialty	296,600		 	263,100		 	33,500		 	570,600		 	495,000		 	75,600		(3)  	
Total	$	1,486,700		 	$	1,192,500		 	$	294,200		 	$	2,786,600		 	$	2,217,600		 	$	569,000		 	
		
(1)	In North America, aftermarket purchases during the six months ended June 30, 2018 increased compared to the comparable prior year period to support growth across our operations.	
		
(2)	In our Europe segment, the increase in purchases during the six months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily driven by (i) a $108 million increase in purchases at our Benelux operations, of which $41 million was attributable to incremental inventory purchases in the first half of 2018 as a result of our acquisitions of aftermarket parts distribution businesses in Belgium in the third quarter of 2017, (ii) a $124 million increase primarily attributable to our Eastern Europe operations, of which $49 million was due to incremental inventory purchases in the first half of 2018 as a result of our acquisition of an aftermarket parts distribution business in Poland in the third quarter of 2017; the remaining increase was primarily due to branch expansion in Eastern Europe, and (iii) a $122 million increase attributable to inventory purchases at Stahlgruber from the date of acquisition through June 30, 2018. The increase in inventory purchases is also driven by the increase in the value of the euro and pound sterling in the first half of 2018 compared to the first half of 2017.	
		
(3)	Specialty inventory purchases increased during the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the first six months of 2017 to support growth in our operations. Additionally, the acquisition of Warn in November 2017 added incremental purchases of $35 million, which includes purchases of aftermarket inventory and raw materials used in the manufacturing of specialty products.	
The following table sets forth a summary of our global wholesale salvage and self service procurement for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):

																			
 	Three Months Ended	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	June 30,	 	June 30,	 	
 	2018	 	2017	 	% Change	 	2018	 	2017	 	% Change	 	
North America wholesale salvage cars and trucks	83		 	77		 	7.8	%	 	156		 	152		 	2.6	%	 	
Europe wholesale salvage cars and trucks	7		 	5		 	40.0	%	 	15		 	12		 	25.0	%	 	
Self service and "crush only" cars	150		 	141		 	6.4	%	 	291		 	274		 	6.2	%	(1)  	

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(1) Compared to the prior year period, we have increased the number of self service and "crush only" vehicles purchased in the first half of 2018 to support growth in our operations.

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The following table summarizes the components of the year-over-year decrease in cash provided by operating activities (in millions):

					
Net cash provided by operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2017	$	362		 	
Increase (decrease) due to:  (1)	 	 	
Discontinued operations	4		(2)  	
Operating income	3		(3)  	
Non-cash depreciation and amortization expense	23		(4)  	
Cash paid for taxes	40		 	
Cash paid for interest	(9	)	 	
Working capital accounts: (5)	 	 	
Accounts receivable	(31	)	 	
Inventory	3		 	
Accounts payable	(69	)	 	
Other operating activities	3		(6)  	
Net cash provided by operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2018	$	329		 	
		
(1)	Other than discontinued operations, the amounts presented represent increases (decreases) in operating cash flows attributable to our continuing operations only.	
		
(2)	In the first quarter of 2017, our glass manufacturing business generated operating cash outflows of $4 million. We disposed of this business on March 1, 2017, and therefore, the discontinued operations had no impact on our current year operating cash flows.	
		
(3)	Refer to the Results of Operations - Consolidated section for further information on the increase in operating income.	
		
(4)	Non-cash depreciation and amortization expense increased compared to the prior year period as discussed in the Results of Operations - Consolidated section.	
		
(5)	Cash flows related to our primary working capital accounts can be volatile as the purchases, payments and collections can be timed differently from period to period and can be influenced by factors outside of our control. However, we expect that the net change in these working capital items will generally be a cash outflow as we expect to grow our business each year.	
		
(6)	Reflects a number of individually insignificant fluctuations in cash paid for other operating activities.	
Net cash used in investing activities totaled $1.2 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2018 , compared to $114 million of cash provided by investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2017 . We invested $1.1 billion of cash, net of cash acquired, in business acquisitions during the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $101 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017 . We received net proceeds from the sale of our glass manufacturing business totaling $301 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017; no such proceeds were received in 2018. Property, plant and equipment purchases were $115 million in the first half of 2018 compared to $92 million in the prior year. The period over period increase in cash outflows for purchases of property, plant and equipment was primarily related to our North America segment.
Net cash provided by financing activities totaled $1.1 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2018 , compared to net cash used in financing activities of $423 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017. We received proceeds of $1.23 billion from our issuance of the Euro Notes (2026/28) during the six months ended June 30, 2018; no such proceeds were received in the prior year. We also paid $17 million of debt issuance costs during the first half of 2018 related to the issuance of the Euro Notes (2026/28); no such costs were incurred in the prior year. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, net repayments under our credit facilities totaled $162 million compared to $446 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017.
During the first half of 2018, foreign exchange rates decreased cash and cash equivalents by $68 million , compared to an increase of $16 million in the first half of the prior year. The current year impact was primarily related to a $66 million decrease resulting from the decline in the euro exchange rate between April 9, 2018, the date we received the proceeds from the Euro Notes (2026/28) and May 30, 2018, the date we paid the cash proceeds for the Stahlgruber acquisition.

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We intend to continue to evaluate markets for potential growth through the internal development of distribution centers, processing and sales facilities, and warehouses, through further integration of our facilities, and through selected business acquisitions. Our future liquidity and capital requirements will depend upon numerous factors, including the costs and timing of our internal development efforts and the success of those efforts, the costs and timing of expansion of our sales and marketing activities, and the costs and timing of future business acquisitions.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Future Commitments
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements or undisclosed borrowings or debt that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 303 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Additionally, we do not have any synthetic leases.
As a result of the completed offering of €1.0 billion  of Euro Notes (2026/28) in April 2018 and the acquisition of Stahlgruber in May 2018, our future commitments under contractual obligations increased at June 30, 2018 versus those reported in Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of our 2017 Form 10-K. The following table represents our future commitments under contractual obligations related to the completed offering of the Euro Notes (2026/28) and the acquisition of Stahlgruber as of June 30, 2018 (in millions):

																				
 	Total	 	Less than
1 Year	 	1-3 Years	 	3-5 Years	 	More than
5 Years	
Contractual obligations	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Long-term debt (1)	$	1,666		 	$	87		 	$	108		 	$	148		 	$	1,323		
Capital lease obligations (2)	6		 	1		 	4		 	1		 	—		
Operating leases (3)	114		 	27		 	41		 	19		 	27		
Purchase obligations (4)	33		 	33		 	—		 	—		 	—		
Other long-term obligations (5)	3		 	3		 	0		 	—		 	—		
Total	$	1,822		 	$	151		 	$	153		 	$	168		 	$	1,350		
		
(1)	Our long-term debt under contractual obligations above includes interest of $380 million on the balances outstanding as of June 30, 2018 . The long-term debt balance excludes debt issuance costs, as these expenses have already been paid. Interest on our long-term debt is calculated based on the respective stated rates. Future estimated interest expense for the next year, one to three years, and three to five years is $45 million, $90 million and $89 million, respectively. Estimated interest expense beyond five years is $156 million.	
		
(2)	Interest on capital lease obligations is included based on implied rates. Future estimated interest expense is immaterial.	
		
(3)	The operating lease payments above do not include certain tax, insurance and maintenance costs, which are also required contractual obligations under our operating leases but are generally not fixed and can fluctuate from year to year.	
		
(4)	Our purchase obligations include open purchase orders for aftermarket inventory.	
		
(5)	Our other long-term obligations consist of other asset purchase commitments and payments for pension plans.	

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to market risks arising from adverse changes in:
		
•	foreign exchange rates;	
		
•	interest rates; and	
		
•	commodity prices.	
Foreign Exchange Rates
Foreign currency fluctuations may impact the financial results we report for the portions of our business that operate in functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Our operations outside of the U.S. represented 44.7% and 41.8% of our revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017, respectively. An increase or decrease in the strength of the U.S. dollar against these currencies by 10% would result in a 4.5% change in our consolidated

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revenue and a 2.6% change in our operating income for the six months ended June 30, 2018 . See our Results of Operations discussion in Part I, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information regarding the impact of fluctuations in exchange rates on our year over year results.
Additionally, we are exposed to foreign currency fluctuations with respect to the purchase of aftermarket products from foreign countries, primarily in Europe and Asia. To the extent that our inventory purchases are not denominated in the functional currency of the purchasing location, we are exposed to exchange rate fluctuations. In several of our operations, we purchase inventory from manufacturers in Taiwan in U.S. dollars, which exposes us to fluctuations in the relationship between the local functional currency and the U.S. dollar, as well as fluctuations between the U.S. dollar and the Taiwan dollar. We hedge our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations related to a portion of inventory purchases in our Europe operations, but the notional amount and fair value of these foreign currency forward contracts at  June 30, 2018  were immaterial. We do not currently attempt to hedge foreign currency exposure related to our foreign currency denominated inventory purchases in our North America operations, and we may not be able to pass on any resulting price increases to our customers.
Other than with respect to a portion of our foreign currency denominated inventory purchases, we do not hold derivative contracts to hedge foreign currency risk. Our net investment in foreign operations is partially hedged by the foreign currency denominated borrowings we use to fund foreign acquisitions; however, our ability to use foreign currency denominated borrowings to finance our foreign operations may be limited based on local tax laws. We have elected not to hedge the foreign currency risk related to the interest payments on foreign borrowings as we generate cash flows in the local currencies that can be used to fund debt payments. As of June 30, 2018 , we had outstanding borrowings of €500 million under our Euro Notes (2024), €1.0 billion under our Euro Notes (2026/28), and £101 million, €189 million, CAD $130 million, and SEK 285 million under our revolving credit facilities. As of December 31, 2017, we had outstanding borrowings of €500 million under our Euro Notes (2024), and £124 million, CAD $130 million, SEK 250 million, and €132 million under our revolving credit facilities. The interest payments on our €1.0 billion Euro Notes (2026/28) will be funded primarily by cash flows generated by Stahlgruber.
Interest Rates
Our results of operations are exposed to changes in interest rates primarily with respect to borrowings under our credit facilities, where interest rates are tied to the prime rate, LIBOR or CDOR. Therefore, we implemented a policy to manage our exposure to variable interest rates on a portion of our outstanding variable rate debt instruments through the use of interest rate swap contracts. These contracts convert a portion of our variable rate debt to fixed rate debt, matching the currency, effective dates and maturity dates to specific debt instruments. Net interest payments or receipts from interest rate swap contracts are included as adjustments to interest expense. All of our interest rate swap contracts have been executed with banks that we believe are creditworthy (Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.; Bank of America, N.A.; Citizens, N.A.; Fifth Third Bank; HSBC Bank USA, N.A.; and Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A.).
As of June 30, 2018 , we held ten interest rate swap contracts representing a total of $590 million of U.S. dollar-denominated notional amount debt. Our interest rate swap contracts are designated as cash flow hedges and modify the variable rate nature of that portion of our variable rate debt. These swaps have maturity dates ranging from January 2021 through June 2021. As of  June 30, 2018 , the fair value of the interest rate swap contracts was an asset of  $25 million . The values of such contracts are subject to changes in interest rates.
In addition to these interest rate swaps, as of  June 30, 2018 we held three cross currency swap agreements for a total notional amount of  $399 million  (€378 million) with maturity dates in January 2021. These cross currency swaps contain an interest rate swap component and a foreign currency forward contract component that, combined with related intercompany financing arrangements, effectively convert variable rate U.S. dollar-denominated borrowings into fixed rate euro-denominated borrowings. The swaps are intended to reduce uncertainty in cash flows in U.S. dollars and euros in connection with intercompany financing arrangements. The cross currency swaps were also executed with banks we believe are creditworthy (Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.; Bank of America, N.A.; and The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd.). As of  June 30, 2018 , the fair value of the interest rate swap components of the cross currency swaps was an asset of  $10 million , and the fair value of the foreign currency forward components was a liability of  $52 million . The values of these contracts are subject to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.
In total, we had 52% of our variable rate debt under our credit facilities at fixed rates at June 30, 2018 compared to 48% at December 31, 2017. See Note 10, "Long-Term Obligations " and Note 11, "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities " to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.
At June 30, 2018 , we had approximately $ 928 million of variable rate debt that was not hedged. Using sensitivity analysis, a 100 basis point movement in interest rates would change interest expense by $9 million over the next twelve months.

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Commodity Prices
We are exposed to market risk related to price fluctuations in scrap metal and other metals. Market prices of these metals affect the amount that we pay for our inventory and the revenue that we generate from sales of these metals. As both our revenue and costs are affected by the price fluctuations, we have a natural hedge against the changes. However, there is typically a lag between the effect on our revenue from metal price fluctuations and inventory cost changes, and there is no guarantee that the vehicle costs will decrease or increase at the same rate as the metals prices. Therefore, we can experience positive or negative gross margin effects in periods of rising or falling metals prices, particularly when such prices move rapidly. Additionally, if market prices were to change at a greater rate than our vehicle acquisition costs, we could experience a positive or negative effect on our operating margin. The average of scrap metal prices for the three months ended June 30, 2018 has increased 1.0% over the average for the first quarter of 2018.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of June 30, 2018 , the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of LKQ Corporation's management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of our "disclosure controls and procedures" (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective in providing reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q has been recorded, processed, summarized and reported as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file under the Securities Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
As noted in Note 2, "Business Combinations " to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we completed our acquisition of Stahlgruber during the quarter ended June 30, 2018 . Other than the change in internal control resulting from the acquisition of Stahlgruber on May 30, 2018, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.     Legal Proceedings
On May 10, 2018, our Specialty segment received a Notice of Violation from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") alleging that certain performance-related parts that we sold between January 1, 2015 and October 15, 2017 violated the provisions of the Clean Air Act that prohibit the sale of parts that could alter or defeat the emission control system of a vehicle. We are in negotiations with the EPA to resolve this matter, which may involve the payment of a civil administrative penalty. Any penalty that is likely to be imposed is not expected to have material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors
Our operations and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, and the trading price of our common stock. Please refer to our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 28, 2018, for information concerning risks and uncertainties that could negatively impact us. The following represents changes and/or additions to the risks and uncertainties previously disclosed in the 2017 Form 10-K. The following risk factors are not necessarily listed in order of importance.
Fluctuations in the prices of metals and other commodities could adversely affect our financial results.
Our recycling operations generate scrap metal and other metals that we sell. After we dismantle a salvage vehicle for wholesale parts and after vehicles have been processed in our self service retail business, the remaining vehicle hulks are sold to scrap processors and other remaining metals are sold to processors and brokers of metals. In addition, we receive "crush only" vehicles from other companies, including OEMs, which we dismantle and which generate scrap metal and other metals. The prices of scrap and other metals have historically fluctuated, sometimes significantly, due to market factors. In addition, buyers may stop purchasing metals entirely due to excess supply. To the extent that the prices of metals decrease materially or buyers stop purchasing metals, our revenue from such sales will suffer and a write-down of our inventory value could be required. For example, China has recently imposed a ban on the importation of 32 types of solid waste allegedly in an effort to reduce environmental pollution. This ban includes certain metals that we sell and will likely have the effect of reducing the prices of such products.
The cost of our wholesale recycled and our self service retail inventory purchases will change as a result of fluctuating scrap metal and other metals prices. In a period of falling metal prices, there can be no assurance that our inventory purchasing cost will decrease the same amount or at the same rate as the scrap metal and other metals prices decline, and there may be a delay between the scrap metal and other metals price reductions and any inventory cost reductions. The prices of steel, aluminum, and plastics are components of the cost to manufacture products for our aftermarket business. If the prices of commodities rise and result in higher costs to us for products we sell, we may not be able to pass these higher costs on to our customers.
An adverse change in our relationships with our suppliers or a disruption to our supply of inventory could increase our expenses and impede our ability to serve our customers.
Our North American business is dependent on a relatively small number of suppliers of aftermarket products, a large portion of which are sourced from Taiwan. Our European business also acquires product from Asian sources. We incur substantial freight costs to import parts from our suppliers, many of which are located in Asia. If the cost of freight rose, we might not be able to pass the cost increases on to our customers. Furthermore, although alternative suppliers exist for substantially all aftermarket products distributed by us, the loss of any one supplier could have a material adverse effect on us until alternative suppliers are located and have commenced providing products. In addition, we are subject to disruptions from work stoppages and other labor disputes at port facilities through which we import our inventory. We also face the risk that our suppliers could attempt to circumvent us and sell their product directly to our customers.
Moreover, our operations are subject to the customary risks of doing business abroad, including, among other things, natural disasters, transportation costs and delays, political instability, currency fluctuations and the imposition of tariffs, import and export controls and other non-tariff barriers (including changes in the allocation of quotas), as well as the uncertainty regarding future relations between China, Japan and Taiwan.
Because a substantial volume of our sales involves products manufactured from sheet metal, we can be adversely impacted if sheet metal becomes unavailable or is only available at higher prices, which we may not be able to pass on to our customers. Additionally, as OEMs convert to raw materials other than steel, it may be more difficult or expensive to source aftermarket parts made with such materials and it may be more difficult for repair shops to work with such materials in the repair process.

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Most of our salvage and a portion of our self service inventory is obtained from vehicles offered at salvage auctions operated by several companies that own auction facilities in numerous locations across the U.S. We do not typically have contracts with the auction companies. According to industry analysts, a small number of companies control a large percentage of the salvage auction market in the U.S. If an auction company prohibited us from participating in its auctions, began competing with us, or significantly raised its fees, our business could be adversely affected through higher costs or the resulting potential inability to service our customers. Moreover, we face competition in the purchase of vehicles from direct competitors, rebuilders, exporters and other bidders. To the extent that the number of bidders increases, it may have the effect of increasing our cost of goods sold for wholesale recycled products. Some states regulate bidders to help ensure that salvage vehicles are purchased for legal purposes by qualified buyers. Auction companies have been actively seeking to reduce, circumvent or eliminate these regulations, which would further increase the number of bidders.
In addition, there is a limited supply of salvage vehicles in the U.S. As we grow and our demand for salvage vehicles increases, the costs of these incremental vehicles could be higher. In some states, when a vehicle is deemed a total loss, a salvage title is issued. Whether states issue salvage titles is important to the supply of inventory for the vehicle recycling industry because an increase in vehicles that qualify as salvage vehicles provides greater availability and typically lowers the price of such vehicles. Currently, these titling issues are a matter of state law. In 1992, the U.S. Congress commissioned an advisory committee to study problems relating to vehicle titling, registration, and salvage. Since then, legislation has been introduced seeking to establish national uniform requirements in this area, including a uniform definition of a salvage vehicle. The vehicle recycling industry will generally favor a uniform definition, since it will avoid inconsistencies across state lines, and will generally favor a definition that expands the number of damaged vehicles that qualify as salvage. However, certain interest groups, including repair shops and some insurance associations, may oppose this type of legislation. National legislation has not yet been enacted in this area, and there can be no assurance that such legislation will be enacted in the future.
We also acquire inventory directly from insurance companies, OEMs, and others. To the extent that these suppliers decide to discontinue these arrangements, our business could be adversely affected through higher costs or the resulting potential inability to service our customers.
In Europe, we acquire products from a wide variety of suppliers. As vehicle technology changes, some parts will become more complex and the design or technology of those parts may be covered by patents or other rights that make it difficult for aftermarket suppliers to produce for sale to companies such as ours. The complexity of the parts may include software or other technical aspects that make it difficult to identify what is wrong with the vehicle. More complex parts may be difficult to repair and may require expensive or difficult to obtain software updates, limiting our ability to compete with the OEMs.
If significant tariffs or other restrictions are placed on products or materials we import or any related counter-measures are taken by countries to which we export products, our revenue and results of operations may be materially harmed.
The current U.S. administration has recently imposed tariffs on certain metals imported into the U.S. from China and announced additional tariffs on other goods from China and other countries. Moreover, counter-measures have been taken by other countries in retaliation for the U.S.-imposed tariffs. The tariffs cover products and materials that we import, and the countermeasures may affect products we export. The affects currently are not material; however, depending on the breadth of products and materials ultimately affected by, and the duration of, the tariffs and countermeasures, our financial results may be materially harmed. In addition, countries may impose other restrictions on the importation of products into their countries. For example, China has imposed a ban on the importation of 32 types of solid waste allegedly in an effort to reduce environmental pollution. This ban includes certain scrap metals that we sell and will likely have the effect of reducing the prices of such products.

Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibits
(b) Exhibits

72

	
		
4.1	Indenture dated as of April 9, 2018 among LKQ European Holdings B.V., as Issuer, LKQ Corporation, certain subsidiaries of LKQ Corporation, the trustee, paying agent, transfer agent, and registrar (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 12, 2018).	
4.2	Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 6, 2018 among LKQ Corporation, as Issuer, certain subsidiaries of LKQ Corporation, as Guarantors, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 7, 2018).	
4.3	Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 27, 2018 among LKQ Italia Bondco S.p.A., as Issuer, certain subsidiaries of LKQ Corporation, as Guarantors, and BNP Paribas Trust Corporation UK Limited, as Trustee.	
4.4	Supplemental Indenture dated as of July 12, 2018 among LKQ Corporation, as Issuer, certain subsidiaries of LKQ Corporation, as Guarantors, and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee.	
4.5	Supplemental Indenture dated as of July 16, 2018 among LKQ Italia Bondco S.p.A., as Issuer, certain subsidiaries of LKQ Corporation, as Guarantors, and BNP Paribas Trust Corporation UK Limited, as Trustee.	
4.6	Supplemental Indenture dated as of July 16, 2018 among LKQ European Holdings B.V., as Issuer, certain subsidiaries of LKQ Corporation, as Guarantors, and BNP Paribas Trust Corporation UK Limited, as Trustee.	
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document	
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document	
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document	
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document	
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document	
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document	

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on August 6, 2018 .

	
		
 	LKQ CORPORATION	
 	 	
 	/s/ Varun Laroyia	
 	Varun Laroyia	
 	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	
 	(As duly authorized officer and Principal Financial Officer)	
 	 	
 	/s/ Michael S. Clark	
 	Michael S. Clark	
 	Vice President - Finance and Controller	
 	(As duly authorized officer and Principal Accounting Officer)	

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Exhibit 4.3

Warn Industries, Inc.
500 West Madison Street
Chicago, Illinois 60661
United States of America

To:
BNP Paribas Trust Corporation UK Limited
10 Harewood Avenue
London NW1 6AA
United Kingdom

To:
LKQ Italia Bondco S.p.A.
Foro Buonaparte 70
20121 - Milan
Italy
Attention: Aldo Carrabino

-by express courier, anticipated by e-mail-
Chicago, April 27, 2018

Re:      Supplemental Indenture - LKQ Italia Bondco S.p.A. 3.875% Senior Notes due 2024
Dear Sirs,
as discussed, please find below our proposal regarding the Supplemental Indenture (the “ Proposal ”).
* * *

SMRH:227541255.1 -1

SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE (this “ Supplemental Indenture ”), dated as of April 27, 2018, among Warn Industries, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the " Guaranteeing Subsidiary ") which is a direct subsidiary of LKQ Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“ Parent ”), LKQ Italia Bondco S.p.A., a joint stock company ( società per azioni ) organized under the laws of the Republic of Italy and a subsidiary of Parent (the “ Issuer ”), and BNP Paribas Trust Corporation UK Limited, as trustee under the Indenture referred to herein (the “ Trustee ”).
W I T N E S S E T H
WHEREAS, the Issuer has heretofore executed and delivered to the Trustee an indenture, dated as of April 14, 2016 (the “ Indenture ”), providing for the issuance of the Issuer’s 3.875% Senior Notes due 2024 (the “ Notes ”);
WHEREAS, the Indenture provides that under certain circumstances the Guaranteeing Subsidiary shall execute and deliver to the Trustee a supplemental indenture pursuant to which the Guaranteeing Subsidiary shall unconditionally guarantee all of the Issuer’s payment obligations under the Notes and the Indenture on the terms and conditions set forth herein (the “ Note Guarantee ”); and
WHEREAS, pursuant to Section 8.01 of the Indenture, the Trustee is authorized to execute and deliver this Supplemental Indenture.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the Guaranteeing Subsidiary and the Trustee mutually covenant and agree for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Notes as follows:
1.      CAPITALIZED TERMS. Capitalized terms used herein without definition shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture.
2.      AGREEMENT TO GUARANTEE. The Guaranteeing Subsidiary hereby agrees to provide an unconditional Guarantee on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Note Guarantee and in the Indenture including but not limited to Article Ten thereof.
3.      NO RECOURSE AGAINST OTHERS. No director, officer, employee, incorporator member of the Board of Directors or holder of Capital Stock of the Issuer or of any Guarantor, as such, shall have any liability for any obligations of the Issuer or the Guarantors under the Notes, this Supplemental Indenture or the Note Guarantees or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each Holder of Notes by accepting a Note waives and releases all such liability.
4.      THIS SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, BUT WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO APPLICABLE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS

SMRH:227541255.1 -2

OF LAW TO THE EXTENT THAT THE APPLICATION OF THE LAW OF ANOTHER JURISDICTION WOULD BE REQUIRED THEREBY.
5.      EFFECT OF HEADINGS. The Section headings herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.
6.      THE TRUSTEE. The Trustee shall not be responsible in any manner whatsoever for or in respect of the validity or sufficiency of this Supplemental Indenture or for or in respect of the recitals contained herein, all of which recitals are made solely by the Guaranteeing Subsidiary and the Issuer.
7.      GENERAL PROVISIONS. This Supplement Indenture to be entered by exchange of correspondence. Should a “Caso d’uso”, or an “Enunciazione” or a voluntary registration be triggered after the date hereof, then the relevant applicable registration tax shall be entirely borne by the party that has triggered the “Caso d’uso” or “Enunciazione” or voluntary registration.
[Remainder of Page Intentionally Blank]

SMRH:227541255.1 -3

* * *
If you agree with the foregoing, please send us a copy of this letter agreement, signed by a duly authorized representative as irrevocable and unconditional acceptance of the Proposal.

Yours faithfully,

Warn Industries, Inc.

By: /s/ Varun Laroyia         
Name:      Varun Laroyia
Title:      Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer

SMRH:227541255.1 -4

Exhibit 4.4

SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE (this “ Supplemental Indenture ”), dated as of July 12, 2018, among the party identified in the signature page of this Supplemental Indenture as a Guaranteeing Subsidiary (the " Guaranteeing Subsidiary ") which is a direct or indirect subsidiary of LKQ Corporation (or its permitted successor), a Delaware corporation (the “ Issuer ”), the Issuer, the other Guarantors (as defined in the Indenture referred to herein) and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee under the Indenture referred to below (the “ Trustee ”).
W I T N E S S E T H
WHEREAS, the Issuer has heretofore executed and delivered to the Trustee an indenture, dated as of May 9, 2013 (the “ Indenture ”), providing for the issuance of the Issuer’s 4.75% Senior Notes due 2023 (the “ Notes ”);
WHEREAS, the Indenture provides that under certain circumstances a Guaranteeing Subsidiary shall execute and deliver to the Trustee a supplemental indenture pursuant to which the Guaranteeing Subsidiary shall unconditionally guarantee all of the Issuer’s Obligations under the Notes and the Indenture on the terms and conditions set forth herein (the “ Note Guarantee ”); and
WHEREAS, pursuant to Section 8.01 of the Indenture, the Trustee is authorized to execute and deliver this Supplemental Indenture.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the Guaranteeing Subsidiary and the Trustee mutually covenant and agree for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Notes as follows:
1.    CAPITALIZED TERMS. Capitalized terms used herein without definition shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture.
2.    AGREEMENT TO GUARANTEE. The Guaranteeing Subsidiary hereby agrees to provide an unconditional Guarantee on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Note Guarantee and in the Indenture including but not limited to Article 10 thereof.
4.    NO RECOURSE AGAINST OTHERS. No director, officer, employee, incorporator, member of the Board of Directors or holder of Capital Stock of the Issuer or of any Guarantor, as such, shall have any liability for any obligations of the Issuer or the Guarantors under the Notes, this Supplemental Indenture or the Note Guarantees or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each Holder of Notes by accepting a Note waives and releases all such liability.
5.    THIS SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, BUT WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO APPLICABLE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAW TO THE EXTENT THAT THE APPLICATION OF THE LAW OF ANOTHER JURISDICTION WOULD BE REQUIRED THEREBY.
6.    COUNTERPARTS. The parties may sign any number of copies of this Supplemental Indenture. Each signed copy shall be an original, but all of them together represent the same agreement.

1

7.    EFFECT OF HEADINGS. The Section headings herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.
8.    THE TRUSTEE. The Trustee shall not be responsible in any manner whatsoever for or in respect of the validity or sufficiency of this Supplemental Indenture or for or in respect of the recitals contained herein, all of which recitals are made solely by the Guaranteeing Subsidiary and the Issuer.

[Signature Pages Follow]

2

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Supplemental Indenture to be duly executed and attested, all as of the date first above written.

Dated: _________, 2018
GUARANTEEING SUBSIDIARY:

Automotive Calibration & Technology Services, LLC

By:	/s/ Varun Laroyia    	
Name:    Varun Laroyia
Title:    Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
LKQ CORPORATION

By:	/s/ Varun Laroyia    	
Name: Varun Laroyia
Title: Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer

[Signature Page to Supplemental Indenture]

GUARANTORS:
A&A AUTO PARTS STORES, INC.
AEROVISION AIRCRAFT SERVICES, LLC
AEROVISION ENGINE SERVICES, LLC
AEROVISION INTERNATIONAL, LLC
AVI INVENTORY SERVICES, LLC
AVI SALES AND LEASING SERVICES, LLC
AKRON AIRPORT PROPERTIES, INC.
AMERICAN RECYCLING INTERNATIONAL, INC.
A - RELIABLE AUTO PARTS & WRECKERS, INC.
ARROW SPEED ACQUISITION, LLC
DRIVERFX.COM, INC.
GLOBAL POWERTRAIN SYSTEMS, LLC
GREENLEAF AUTO RECYCLERS, LLC
KAIR IL, LLC
KAO LOGISTICS, INC.
KAO WAREHOUSE, INC.
KEYSTONE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRIES, INC.
KEYSTONE AUTOMOTIVE OPERATIONS, INC.
KEYSTONE AUTOMOTIVE OPERATIONS OF CANADA, INC.
KPGW CANADIAN HOLDCO, LLC,
each as a Guarantor

By:	/s/ Varun Laroyia    	
Name:    Varun Laroyia
Title:    Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

[Signature Page to Supplemental Indenture]

LKQ 1ST CHOICE AUTO PARTS, LLC
LKQ 250 AUTO, INC.
LKQ ALL MODELS CORP.
LKQ APEX AUTO PARTS, INC.
LKQ AUTO PARTS OF CENTRAL CALIFORNIA, INC.
LKQ AUTO PARTS OF MEMPHIS, INC.
LKQ AUTO PARTS OF NORTH TEXAS, INC.
LKQ AUTO PARTS OF NORTH TEXAS, L.P.
LKQ AUTO PARTS OF UTAH, LLC
LKQ BEST AUTOMOTIVE CORP.
LKQ BRAD’S AUTO & TRUCK PARTS, INC.
LKQ BROADWAY AUTO PARTS, INC.
LKQ FOSTER AUTO PARTS, INC.
LKQ FOSTER AUTO PARTS SALEM, INC.
LKQ FOSTER AUTO PARTS WESTSIDE LLC
LKQ GORHAM AUTO PARTS CORP.
LKQ GREAT LAKES CORP.
LKQ HEAVY TRUCK-TEXAS BEST DIESEL, L.P.
LKQ HUNTS POINT AUTO PARTS CORP.
LKQ INVESTMENTS, INC.
LKQ LAKENOR AUTO & TRUCK SALVAGE, INC.
LKQ METRO, INC.
LKQ MID-AMERICA AUTO PARTS, INC.
LKQ MIDWEST AUTO PARTS CORP.
LKQ MINNESOTA, INC.
LKQ NORTHEAST, INC.
LKQ OF INDIANA, INC.
LKQ OF MICHIGAN, INC.
LKQ OF NEVADA, INC.
LKQ ONLINE CORP.
LKQ PICK YOUR PART SOUTHEAST, LLC,
each as a Guarantor

By:	/s/ Varun Laroyia    	
Name:    Varun Laroyia
Title:    Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

[Signature Page to Supplemental Indenture]

LKQ ROUTE 16 USED AUTO PARTS, INC.
LKQ SELF SERVICE AUTO PARTS-HOLLAND, INC.
LKQ SELF SERVICE AUTO PARTS-KALAMAZOO, INC.
LKQ SELF SERVICE AUTO PARTS-TULSA, INC.
LKQ SMART PARTS, INC.
LKQ SOUTHEAST, INC.
LKQ SOUTHWICK LLC
LKQ TAIWAN HOLDING COMPANY
LKQ TIRE & RECYCLING, INC.
LKQ TRADING COMPANY
LKQ TRIPLETT ASAP, INC.
LKQ U-PULL-IT AUTO DAMASCUS, INC.
LKQ U-PULL-IT TIGARD, INC.
LKQ WEST MICHIGAN AUTO PARTS, INC.
MSN145056, LLC
NORTH AMERICAN ATK CORPORATION
PGW AUTO GLASS LLC
PICK-YOUR-PART AUTO WRECKING
POTOMAC GERMAN AUTO, INC.
PULL-N-SAVE AUTO PARTS, LLC
REDDING AUTO CENTER, INC.
SCRAP PROCESSORS, LLC
U-PULL-IT, INC.
U-PULL-IT, NORTH, LLC
WARN INDUSTRIES, INC.,
each as a Guarantor

By:	/s/ Varun Laroyia    	
Name:    Varun Laroyia
Title:    Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

[Signature Page to Supplemental Indenture]

U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Trustee

By:	/s/ Linda Garcia    	
Name:    Linda E. Garcia
Title:    Vice President

[Signature Page to Supplemental Indenture]

Exhibit 4.5

Automotive Calibration & Technology Services, LLC
500 West Madison Street
Chicago, Illinois 60661
United States of America
To:
BNP Paribas Trust Corporation UK Limited
10 Harewood Avenue
London NW1 6AA
United Kingdom

To:
LKQ Italia Bondco S.p.A.
Foro Buonaparte 70
20121 - Milan
Italy
Attention: Aldo Carrabino

-by express courier, anticipated by e-mail-
Chicago, July 16, 2018

Re:      Supplemental Indenture - LKQ Italia Bondco S.p.A. 3.875% Senior Notes due 2024
Dear Sirs,
as discussed, please find below our proposal regarding the Supplemental Indenture (the “ Proposal ”).
* * *

SMRH:227817331.1                          1

SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE (this “ Supplemental Indenture ”), dated as of July 16, 2018, among Automotive Calibration & Technology Services, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the " Guaranteeing Subsidiary ") which is a direct subsidiary of LKQ Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“ Parent ”), LKQ Italia Bondco S.p.A., a joint stock company ( società per azioni ) organized under the laws of the Republic of Italy and a subsidiary of Parent (the “ Issuer ”), and BNP Paribas Trust Corporation UK Limited, as trustee under the Indenture referred to herein (the “ Trustee ”).
W I T N E S S E T H
WHEREAS, the Issuer has heretofore executed and delivered to the Trustee an indenture, dated as of April 14, 2016 (the “ Indenture ”), providing for the issuance of the Issuer’s 3.875% Senior Notes due 2024 (the “ Notes ”);
WHEREAS, the Indenture provides that under certain circumstances the Guaranteeing Subsidiary shall execute and deliver to the Trustee a supplemental indenture pursuant to which the Guaranteeing Subsidiary shall unconditionally guarantee all of the Issuer’s payment obligations under the Notes and the Indenture on the terms and conditions set forth herein (the “ Note Guarantee ”); and
WHEREAS, pursuant to Section 8.01 of the Indenture, the Trustee is authorized to execute and deliver this Supplemental Indenture.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the Guaranteeing Subsidiary and the Trustee mutually covenant and agree for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Notes as follows:
1.      CAPITALIZED TERMS. Capitalized terms used herein without definition shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture.
2.      AGREEMENT TO GUARANTEE. The Guaranteeing Subsidiary hereby agrees to provide an unconditional Guarantee on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Note Guarantee and in the Indenture including but not limited to Article Ten thereof.
3.      NO RECOURSE AGAINST OTHERS. No director, officer, employee, incorporator member of the Board of Directors or holder of Capital Stock of the Issuer or of any Guarantor, as such, shall have any liability for any obligations of the Issuer or the Guarantors under the Notes, this Supplemental Indenture or the Note Guarantees or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each Holder of Notes by accepting a Note waives and releases all such liability.
4.      THIS SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, BUT WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO APPLICABLE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAW TO THE EXTENT THAT THE APPLICATION OF THE LAW OF ANOTHER JURISDICTION WOULD BE REQUIRED THEREBY.

SMRH:227817331.1                          2

5.      EFFECT OF HEADINGS. The Section headings herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.
6.      THE TRUSTEE. The Trustee shall not be responsible in any manner whatsoever for or in respect of the validity or sufficiency of this Supplemental Indenture or for or in respect of the recitals contained herein, all of which recitals are made solely by the Guaranteeing Subsidiary and the Issuer.
7.      GENERAL PROVISIONS. This Supplement Indenture to be entered by exchange of correspondence. Should a “Caso d’uso”, or an “Enunciazione” or a voluntary registration be triggered after the date hereof, then the relevant applicable registration tax shall be entirely borne by the party that has triggered the “Caso d’uso” or “Enunciazione” or voluntary registration.
[Remainder of Page Intentionally Blank]

SMRH:227817331.1                          3

* * *
If you agree with the foregoing, please send us a copy of this letter agreement, signed by a duly authorized representative as irrevocable and unconditional acceptance of the Proposal.

Yours faithfully,

Automotive Calibration & Technology Services, LLC

By: /s/ Varun Laroyia     
Name:      Varun Laroyia
Title:      Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer

SMRH:227817331.1                          4

Exhibit 4.6

SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE (this “ Supplemental Indenture ”), dated as of July 16, 2018, among Automotive Calibration & Technology Services, a Delaware limited liability company (the " Guaranteeing Subsidiary ") a subsidiary of LKQ Corporation (or its permitted successor), a Delaware corporation (“ Parent ”), LKQ European Holdings B.V., a private company with limited liability ( besloten vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid ) incorporated under the laws of The Netherlands (the “ Issuer ”), Parent, the other Guarantors (as defined in the Indenture referred to herein) and BNP Paribas Trust Corporation UK Limited, as trustee under the Indenture referred to herein (the “ Trustee ”).
W I T N E S S E T H
WHEREAS, the Issuer has heretofore executed and delivered to the Trustee an indenture, dated as of April 9, 2018 (the “ Indenture ”), providing for the issuance of the Issuer’s 3.625% Senior Notes due 2026 (the “ 2026 Notes ”) and the Issuer’s 4.125% Senior Notes due 2028 (the “ 2028 Notes ” and, together with the 2026 Notes, the “ Notes ”);
WHEREAS, the Indenture provides that under certain circumstances the Guaranteeing Subsidiary shall execute and deliver to the Trustee a supplemental indenture pursuant to which the Guaranteeing Subsidiary shall unconditionally guarantee all of the Issuer’s Obligations under the Notes and the Indenture on the terms and conditions set forth herein (the “ Note Guarantee ”); and
WHEREAS, pursuant to Section 8.01 of the Indenture, the Trustee is authorized to execute and deliver this Supplemental Indenture.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the Guaranteeing Subsidiary and the Trustee mutually covenant and agree for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Notes as follows:
1.      CAPITALIZED TERMS. Capitalized terms used herein without definition shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture.
2.      AGREEMENT TO GUARANTEE. The Guaranteeing Subsidiary hereby agrees to provide an unconditional Guarantee on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Note Guarantee and in the Indenture including but not limited to Article Ten thereof.
4.      NO RECOURSE AGAINST OTHERS. No director, officer, employee, incorporator member of the Board of Directors or holder of Capital Stock of the Issuer or of any Guarantor, as such, shall have any liability for any obligations of the Issuer or the Guarantors under the Notes, this Supplemental Indenture or the Note Guarantees or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each Holder of Notes by accepting a Note waives and releases all such liability.
5.      THIS SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, BUT WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO APPLICABLE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAW TO THE EXTENT THAT THE APPLICATION OF THE LAW OF ANOTHER JURISDICTION WOULD BE REQUIRED THEREBY.

1

6.      EFFECT OF HEADINGS. The Section headings herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.
7.      THE TRUSTEE. The Trustee shall not be responsible in any manner whatsoever for or in respect of the validity or sufficiency of this Supplemental Indenture or for or in respect of the recitals contained herein, all of which recitals are made solely by the Guaranteeing Subsidiary and the Issuer.
[Remainder of Page Intentionally Blank]

2

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Supplemental Indenture to be duly executed and attested, all as of the date first above written.

Dated: July 16, 2018
GUARANTEEING SUBSIDIARY:

Automotive Calibration & Technology Services, LLC

By:      /s/Varun Laroyia                  
Name:      Varun Laroyia
Title:      Vice President and Chief Financial
Officer

LKQ CORPORATION

By:      /s/Varun Laroyia                  
Name:          Varun Laroyia
Title:          Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer

LKQ EUROPEAN HOLDINGS B.V.

By:      /s/John S. Quinn                  
Name:          John S. Quinn
Title:          Managing Director

[Signature Page to Supplemental Indenture]

BNP PARIBAS TRUST CORPORATION UK LIMITED, as Trustee

By:      ___/s/Helen Tricard                  
Name:      Helen Tricard
Title:      Director

By:       /s/Andrew Brown             
Name:      Andrew Brown
Title:      Authorised Signatory

[Signature Page to Supplemental Indenture]

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION
I, Dominick Zarcone, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of LKQ Corporation;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
August 6, 2018

	
		
/s/ DOMINICK ZARCONE	 	
Dominick Zarcone	 	
President and Chief Executive Officer	 	

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION
I, Varun Laroyia, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of LKQ Corporation;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
August 6, 2018

	
		
/ S / VARUN LAROYIA	 	
Varun Laroyia	 	
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	 	

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of LKQ Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2018 , as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned, as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to his knowledge:
		
(1)	the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m or 78o(d)); and	
		
(2)	the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.	
Dated: August 6, 2018

	
		
 	/ S / DOMINICK ZARCONE	
 	Dominick Zarcone	
 	President and Chief Executive Officer	

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of LKQ Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2018 , as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned, as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to his knowledge:
		
(1)	the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m or 78o(d)); and	
		
(2)	the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.	
Dated: August 6, 2018

	
		
 	/ S / VARUN LAROYIA	
 	Varun Laroyia	
 	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer