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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
[X] Annual Report Pursuant To Section 13 Or 15(d) Of The Securities Exchange Act Of 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017
Or
[  ] Transition Report Pursuant To Section 13 Or 15(d) Of The Securities Exchange Act Of 1934
For The Transition Period From           To          
Commission File Number 0-28274
Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Florida	 	56-1383460	
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)	 	(IRS Employer
Identification No.)	
400 N. Ashley Drive, Suite 2800, Tampa, Florida	 	33602	
(Address of principal executive offices)	 	(Zip Code)	
(813) 274-1000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	 	Name of each exchange on which registered	
Common Stock $.01 Par Value	 	NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC	
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes [  ]	  		  	No [X]	
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

Yes [  ]	  		  	No [X]	
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes [X]	  		  	No [  ]	
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes [X]	  		  	No [  ]	
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [X]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):

Large accelerated filer    ☒	  	Accelerated filer    ☐	  	Non-accelerated filer    ☐	  	(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	  		
Smaller reporting company    ☐    Emerging growth company    ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐	  		  	No ☒	
The aggregate market value of the shares of voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant computed by reference to the closing sales price of such shares on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on June 30, 2017, the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $1,386,511,134.
As of February 6, 2018, there were 42,898,831 outstanding shares of common stock.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:

Documents	  	Form 10-K Reference	
Portions of the Proxy Statement for the year 2018
Annual Meeting of Shareholders	  	Part III Items 10–14	

Table of Contents
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

 	  	 	  	Page	 	
PART I	  		  				
Item 1	  	Business	  	 	3	 	
Item 1A	  	Risk Factors	  	 	12	 	
Item 1B	  	Unresolved Staff Comments	  	 	20	 	
Item 2	  	Properties	  	 	21	 	
Item 3	  	Legal Proceedings	  	 	21	 	
Item 4	  	Mine Safety Disclosures	  	 	21	 	
			
PART II	  		  				
Item 5	  	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	  	 	22	 	
Item 6	  	Selected Financial Data	  	 	24	 	
Item 7	  	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	  	 	25	 	
Item 7A	  	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	  	 	41	 	
Item 8	  	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	  	 	42	 	
Item 9	  	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	  	 	43	 	
Item 9A	  	Controls and Procedures	  	 	43	 	
Item 9B	  	Other Information	  	 	45	 	
			
PART III	  		  				
Item 10	  	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	  	 	45	 	
Item 11	  	Executive Compensation	  	 	45	 	
Item 12	  	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters	  	 	45	 	
Item 13	  	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	  	 	45	 	
Item 14	  	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	  	 	45	 	
			
PART IV	  		  				
Item 15	  	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	  	 	46	 	
Item 16	  	Form 10-K Summary	  	 	49	 	
 
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PART I
 Item 1. Business
General
Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated and consolidated subsidiaries (“SYKES,” “our,” “us” or “we”) is a leading provider of multichannel demand generation and global customer engagement services. SYKES provides differentiated full lifecycle customer engagement solutions and services to Global 2000 companies and their end customers primarily in the communications, financial services, technology, transportation and leisure, healthcare, retail and other industries. Our differentiated full lifecycle management services platform effectively engages customers at every touchpoint within the customer journey, including digital marketing and acquisition, sales expertise, customer service, technical support and retention. We serve our clients through two geographic operating regions: the Americas (United States, Canada, Latin America, Australia and the Asia Pacific Rim) and EMEA (Europe, the Middle East and Africa). Our Americas and EMEA regions primarily provide customer engagement solutions and services with an emphasis on inbound multichannel demand generation, customer service and technical support to our clients’ customers. These services are delivered through multiple communication channels including phone, e-mail, social media, text messaging, chat and digital self-service. We also provide various enterprise support services in the United States that include services for our clients’ internal support operations, from technical staffing services to outsourced corporate help desk services. In Europe, we also provide fulfillment services, which include order processing, payment processing, inventory control, product delivery and product returns handling. (See Note 25, Segments and Geographic Information, of the accompanying “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for further information on our segments.) Our complete service offering helps our clients acquire, retain and increase the lifetime value of their customer relationships. We have developed an extensive global reach with customer engagement centers across six continents, including North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Australia and Africa. We deliver cost-effective solutions that generate demand, enhance the customer service experience, promote stronger brand loyalty, and bring about high levels of performance and profitability.
SYKES was founded in 1977 in North Carolina and we moved our headquarters to Florida in 1993. In March 1996, we changed our state of incorporation from North Carolina to Florida. Our headquarters are located at 400 North Ashley Drive, Suite 2800, Tampa, Florida 33602, and our telephone number is (813) 274-1000.
Recent Developments
U.S. 2017 Tax Reform Act
On December 20, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 Tax Reform Act”) was approved by Congress and received presidential approval on December 22, 2017. In general, the 2017 Tax Reform Act reduces the United States (“U.S.”) corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective in 2018. The 2017 Tax Reform Act moves from a worldwide business taxation approach to a participation exemption regime. The 2017 Tax Reform Act also imposes base-erosion prevention measures on non-U.S. earnings of U.S. entities, as well as a one-time mandatory deemed repatriation tax on accumulated non-U.S. earnings. The 2017 Tax Reform Act will have an impact on our consolidated financial results beginning with the fourth quarter of 2017, the period of enactment.
Acquisitions
In May 2017, we completed the acquisition of certain assets of a Global 2000 telecommunications service provider (the “Telecommunications Asset acquisition”), pursuant to an asset purchase agreement, dated April 24, 2017. We have reflected the Telecommunications Asset acquisition’s operating results in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations since May 31, 2017.
In April 2016, we completed the acquisition of Clear Link Holdings, LLC (“Clearlink”), pursuant to a definitive agreement and plan of merger, dated March 6, 2016. We have reflected Clearlink’s operating results in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations since April 1, 2016.
In July 2015, we completed the acquisition of Qelp B.V. and its subsidiary (together, known as “Qelp”), pursuant to definitive share sale and purchase agreement, dated July 2, 2015. We have reflected Qelp’s operating results in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations since July 2, 2015.
 
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Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, as well as our proxy statements and other materials which are filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) are made available, free of charge, on or through our Internet website at www.sykes.com (click on “Company” then “Investor Relations” and then “SEC Filings”) as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with, or furnished to, the SEC.
Industry Overview
The customer engagement solutions and services industry – which includes services such as digital marketing and demand generation, customer acquisition, customer support and customer retention – is highly fragmented and significant in size. According to Ovum, an industry research firm, the total number of individuals, or agent positions, working in the customer engagement services industry worldwide was estimated at roughly 9.5 million in 2017. With approximately 81% of the customer engagement work done by in-house engagement centers, the number of agent positions working for outsourcers, such as SYKES, was estimated at 1.8 million in 2017. The outsourced and total agent positions are forecasted by Ovum to grow at a rate of 1.0% and 1.0%, respectively, from 2017 to 2018. It is estimated that no single outsourcer has more than five percent of the total agent positions worldwide. Measured in dollar terms, the size of the outsourced portion of the customer engagement solutions and services industry worldwide was estimated at approximately $82 billion in 2017, according to Everest Group, an industry research firm. Everest Group also estimates that the outsourced portion of the customer engagement solutions and services industry is expected to grow to approximately $85 billion by 2018, a growth rate of 4.0% from 2017 to 2018. The 2017-2018 growth data measured in dollar terms is extrapolated from Everest Group’s estimated compound growth projection of 4.0% for the industry from 2017 to 2020.
We believe that growth for broader outsourced customer engagement solutions and services will be fueled by the trend of Global 2000 companies and medium-sized businesses utilizing outsourcers. In today’s marketplace, companies increasingly are seeking a comprehensive suite of innovative full lifecycle customer engagement management solutions and services that allow them to acquire customers, enhance the end user’s experience with their products and services, strengthen and enhance their company brands, maximize the lifetime value of their customers through retention and up-sell and cross-sell, efficiently and effectively deliver human interactions when and where customers value it most, and deploy best-in-class customer management strategies, processes and technologies. However, a myriad of factors, among them intense global competition, pricing pressures, softness in the global economy and rapid changes in technology, continue to make it difficult for companies to cost-effectively maintain the in-house personnel necessary to handle all of their customer engagement needs.
To address these needs, we offer multichannel demand generation and comprehensive global customer engagement solutions and services that leverage brick-and-mortar and at-home agent delivery infrastructure as well as digital self-service capabilities. We provide consistent high-value support for our clients’ customers across the globe in a multitude of languages, leveraging our dynamic, secure communications infrastructure and our global footprint that reaches across 21 countries. This global footprint includes established brick-and-mortar operations in both onshore and offshore geographies where companies have access to high-quality customer engagement solutions at lower costs compared to other markets. We further complement our brick-and-mortar global delivery model with a highly differentiated and ready-made best-in-class at-home agent delivery model. In addition, we provide digital self-service customer support that differentiates our go-to-market strategy as it expands options for companies to best service their customers in their channel of choice to deliver an “effortless customer experience.” By working in partnership with outsourcers, companies can ensure that the crucial task of acquiring, growing and retaining their customer base is addressed while creating operating flexibility, enabling focus on their core competencies, ensuring service excellence and execution, achieving cost savings through a variable cost structure, leveraging scale, entering niche markets speedily, and efficiently allocating capital within their organizations.
Business Strategy
Broadly speaking, our value proposition to our clients is that of a trusted partner, which provides a comprehensive suite of differentiated full lifecycle multichannel demand generation and global customer engagement solutions and services to Global 2000 companies that drive customer acquisition, differentiation, brand loyalty and increased lifetime value of end customer relationships. By outsourcing their customer acquisition and service solutions to us, clients are able to achieve designs of exceptional customer experience and drive tangible business impact with greater operational flexibility, enhanced revenues, lower operating costs and faster speed to market, all of which are at the center of our value proposition. At a tactical level, we deliver on this value proposition through consistent delivery of operational and client excellence. Our business strategy is to leverage this value proposition in order to
 
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capitalize on and increase our share of the large and underpenetrated addressable market opportunity for customer engagement solutions and services worldwide. We believe through successful execution of our business strategy, we could generate a healthy level of revenue growth and drive targeted long-term operating margins. To deliver on our long-term growth potential and operating margin objectives, we need to manage the key levers of our business strategy, the principles of which include the following:
Build Long-Term Client Relationships Through Customer Service Excellence. We believe that providing high-value, high-quality service is critical in our clients’ decisions to outsource and in building long-term relationships with our clients. To ensure service excellence and consistency across each of our centers globally, we leverage a portfolio of techniques, including SYKES Science of Service ® . This standard is a compilation of more than 30 years of experience and best practices. Every customer engagement center strives to meet or exceed the standard, which addresses leadership, hiring and training, performance management down to the agent level, forecasting and scheduling, and the client relationship including continuous improvement, disaster recovery plans and feedback.
Increasing Share of Seats Within Existing Clients and Winning New Clients . We provide customer engagement solutions and services to Global 2000 companies. With this large target market, we have the opportunity to grow our client base. We strive to achieve this by winning a greater share of our clients’ in-house seats as well as gaining share from our competitors by providing consistently high-quality service as clients continue to consolidate their vendor base. In addition, as we further integrate the recently-acquired digital marketing, demand generation and customer acquisition or sales conversion capabilities of Clearlink and leverage it across our brick-and-mortar and at-home agent delivery platforms both domestically and internationally within our vertical markets mix, we plan to win new clients as a way to broaden our base of growth.
Diversifying Verticals and Expanding Service Lines. To mitigate the impact of any negative economic and product cycles on our growth rate, we continue to seek ways to diversify into verticals and service lines that have countercyclical features and healthy growth rates. We are targeting the following verticals for growth: communications, financial services, technology/consumer, healthcare, transportation and leisure, and other, which includes retail. These verticals cover various business lines, including wireless services, broadband, media, retail banking, peer-to-peer lending, credit card/consumer fraud protection, gaming, consumer and high-end enterprise tech support, telemedicine and soft and hard goods online and through brick and mortar retailers.
Maximizing Capacity Utilization Rates and Strategically Adding Seat Capacity. Revenues and profitability growth are driven by increasing the capacity utilization rate in conjunction with seat capacity additions. We plan to sustain our focus on increasing the capacity utilization rate by further penetrating existing clients, adding new clients and rationalizing underutilized seat capacity as deemed necessary. With greater operating flexibility resulting from our at-home agent delivery model, we believe we can rationalize underutilized capacity more efficiently and drive capacity utilization rates.
Broadening At-Home Agent and Brick-and-Mortar Global Delivery Footprint. Just as increased capacity utilization rates and increased seat capacity are key drivers of our revenues and profitability growth, where we deploy both the seat capacity and the at-home agent delivery platform geographically is also important. By broadening and continuously strengthening our brick-and-mortar global delivery footprint and our at-home agent delivery platform, we believe we are able to meet both our existing and new clients’ customer engagement needs globally as they enter new markets. At the end of 2017, our global delivery brick-and-mortar footprint spanned 21 countries while our at-home agent delivery platform was recently launched in EMEA, building on our existing presence in 40 states and ten provinces within the U.S. and Canada, respectively.
Creating Value-Added Service Enhancements. To improve both revenue and margin expansion, we intend to continue to introduce new service offerings and add-on enhancements. Digital marketing and demand generation, multilingual customer support, digital self-service support and back office services are examples of horizontal service offerings, while data analytics and process improvement products are examples of add-on enhancements. Additionally, with the proliferation of on-line communities, such as Facebook and Twitter, we continue to make on-going investments in our social media service offerings, which can be leveraged across both our brick-and-mortar and at-home agent delivery platforms.
Continuing to Focus on Expanding the Addressable Market Opportunities . As part of our growth strategy, we continually seek to expand the number of markets we serve. The United States, Canada and Germany, for instance, are markets which are served by in-country centers, centers in offshore regions or a combination thereof. We continually seek ways to broaden the addressable market for our customer engagement services. We currently
 
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operate in 14 markets.
Continue to Grow Our Business Organically, through Strategic Investments and Partnerships, and through Acquisitions. We have grown our customer engagement solutions and services utilizing a combination of internal organic growth, strategic investments and partnerships, and external acquisitions. Our organic growth, partnership and acquisition strategies are to target markets, clients, verticals, delivery geographies and service mix that will expand our addressable market opportunity, and thus drive our organic growth. Entry into The Philippines, El Salvador, Romania and Colombia are examples of how we leveraged these delivery geographies to further penetrate our base of both existing and new clients, verticals and service mix in order to drive organic growth. While the Alpine Access, Inc. (“Alpine”), Qelp and Clearlink acquisitions are examples of how we used acquisitions to augment our service offerings and differentiate our delivery model, the ICT Group, Inc. (“ICT”) acquisition is an example of how we used an acquisition to gain overall size and critical mass in key verticals, clients and geographies. In 2017, we also made a strategic investment of $10.0 million in XSell Technologies, Inc. (“XSell”) for 32.8% of XSell’s preferred stock. XSell optimizes the sales performance capabilities of a broader base of agents as compared to what has historically been an extremely narrow base by leveraging machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms. As customer contact programs increasingly incorporate up-selling and cross-selling, and measures based on sales conversion, XSell’s targeted offering can be leveraged across both chat and voice channels, across traditional customer contact management opportunities, and the Clearlink platform to enhance sales performance and conversion on behalf of our clients.
Services
We specialize in providing differentiated full lifecycle customer engagement solutions and services to Global 2000 companies and their end customers at key touchpoints a global basis. These services include digital marketing, demand generation, customer acquisition, customer support, technical support, up-sell/cross-sell and retention. Our comprehensive customer engagement solutions and services are provided through two reportable segments — the Americas and EMEA. The Americas region, representing 83.6% of consolidated revenues in 2017, includes the United States, Canada, Latin America, Australia and the Asia Pacific Rim. The sites within Latin America and the Asia Pacific Rim are included in the Americas region as they provide a significant service delivery vehicle for U.S.-based companies that are utilizing our customer engagement solutions and services in these locations to support their customer care needs. In addition, the Americas region also includes revenues from our at-home agent delivery solution, which serves markets in both the U.S. and Canada. The EMEA region, representing 16.4% of consolidated revenues in 2017, includes Europe, the Middle East and Africa. See Note 25, Segments and Geographic Information, of the accompanying “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for further information on our segments. The following is a description of our customer engagement solutions and services:
Outsourced Customer Engagement Solutions and Services. Our outsourced customer engagement solutions and services represented approximately 99.4% of total 2017 consolidated revenues. Each year, we handle over 250 million customer engagements including phone, e-mail, social media, text messaging, chat and digital self-service support throughout the Americas and EMEA regions. We provide these services utilizing our advanced technology infrastructure, human resource management skills and industry experience. These services include:
 
 	●	 	Customer care — Customer care contacts primarily include handling billing inquiries and claims, activating customer accounts, resolving complaints, cross-selling/up-selling, prequalifying and warranty management, providing health information and dispatching roadside assistance;	
 	●	 	Technical support — Technical support contacts primarily include support around complex networks, hardware and software, communications equipment, Internet access technology and Internet portal usage; and	
 	●	 	Customer acquisition — Our customer acquisition services are focused around digital marketing, multichannel demand generation, in-bound up-selling and sales conversion, as well as some outbound selling of our clients’ products and services.	
We provide these services, primarily inbound customer calls, in many languages through our extensive global network of customer engagement centers. In addition, we augment those in-bound calls with the option of digital self-service customer support. Our technology infrastructure and managed service solutions allow for effective distribution of calls to one or more centers. These technology offerings provide our clients and us with the leading edge tools needed to maximize quality and customer satisfaction while controlling and minimizing costs.
 
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Fulfillment Services. In Europe, we offer fulfillment services that are integrated with our customer care and technical support services. Our fulfillment solutions include order processing via the Internet and phone, inventory control, product delivery and product returns handling.
Enterprise Support Services. In the United States, we provide a range of enterprise support services including technical staffing services and outsourced corporate help desk solutions.
Operations
Customer Engagement Centers. We operate across 21 countries in 79 customer engagement centers, which breakdown as follows: 23 centers across EMEA, 28 centers in the United States, three centers in Canada, three centers in Australia and 22 centers offshore, including the People’s Republic of China, The Philippines, Costa Rica, El Salvador, India, Mexico, Brazil and Colombia. In addition to our customer engagement centers, we employ approximately 4,900 at-home customer engagement agents across 40 states in the U.S. and across ten provinces in Canada.
We utilize a sophisticated workforce management system to provide efficient scheduling of personnel. Our internally developed digital private communications network complements our workforce by allowing for effective call volume management and disaster recovery backup. Through this network and our dynamic intelligent call routing capabilities, we can rapidly respond to changes in client call volumes and move call volume traffic based on agent availability and skill throughout our network of centers, improving the responsiveness and productivity of our agents. We also can offer cost competitive solutions for taking calls to our offshore locations.
Our data warehouse captures and downloads customer engagement information for reporting on a daily, real-time and historical basis. This data provides our clients with direct visibility into the services that we are providing for them. The data warehouse supplies information for our performance management systems such as our agent scorecarding application, which provides us with the information required for effective management of our operations.
Our customer engagement centers are protected by a fire extinguishing system, backup generators with significant capacity and 24 hour refueling contracts and short-term battery backups in the event of a power outage, reduced voltage or a power surge. Rerouting of call volumes to other customer engagement centers is also available in the event of a telecommunications failure, natural disaster or other emergency. Security measures are imposed to prevent unauthorized physical access. Software and related data files are backed up daily and stored off site at multiple locations. We carry business interruption insurance covering interruptions that might occur as a result of certain types of damage to our business.
Fulfillment Centers. We currently have one fulfillment center located in Europe. We provide our fulfillment services primarily to certain clients operating in Europe who desire this complementary service in connection with outsourced customer engagement services.
Enterprise Support Services Office. Our enterprise support services office, located in a metropolitan area in the United States, provides recruitment services for high-end knowledge workers, a local presence to service major accounts, and outsourced corporate help desk solutions.
Sales and Marketing
Our sales and marketing objective is to leverage our vertical expertise, global presence, and end-to-end lifecycle of service offerings to develop long-term relationships with existing and future clients. Our customer engagement solutions have been developed to help our clients market, acquire, retain and increase the lifetime value of their customer relationships. Our plans for increasing our visibility and impacting the market include the launch of new service offerings in digital support and digital marketing, participation in market-specific industry associations, trade shows and seminars, digital and content marketing to industry leading corporations, and consultative personal visits and solution designs. We research and publish thought provoking perspectives on key industry issues, and use forums, speaking engagements, articles and white papers, as well as our website and broad global digital and social media presence to establish our leadership position in the market.
Our sales force is composed of business development managers who pursue new business opportunities and strategic account managers who manage and grow relationships with existing accounts. We emphasize account development
 
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to strengthen relationships with existing clients. Business development management and strategic account managers are assigned to markets in their area of expertise in order to develop a complete understanding of each client’s particular needs, to form strong client relationships and encourage cross-selling of our other service offerings. We have inside customer sales representatives who receive customer inquiries and who provide pre-sales relationship development for the business development managers. Utilizing best practices from our recent Clearlink acquisition, we are employing modern methods of search and digital marketing to cultivate interest in our brand and services. We use a methodical approach to collecting client feedback through quarterly business reviews, annual strategic reviews, and through our bi-annual Voice of the Client program, which enables us to react to early warning signs, and quickly identify and remedy challenges. It also is used to highlight our most loyal clients, who we then work with to provide references, testimonials and joint speaking engagements at industry conferences.
As part of our marketing efforts, we invite existing and potential clients to experience our customer engagement centers and at-home agent delivery operations, where we can demonstrate the expertise of our skilled staff in partnering to deliver new ways of growing clients’ revenues, customer satisfaction and retention rates, and thus profit, through timely, insightful and proven solutions. This forum allows us to demonstrate our capabilities to design, launch and scale programs. It also allows us to illustrate our best innovations in talent management, analytics, and digital channels, and how they can be best integrated into a program’s design.
Clients
We provide service to clients from our locations in the United States, Canada, Latin America, Australia, the Asia Pacific Rim, Europe, the Middle East and Africa. These clients are Global 2000 corporations, medium-sized businesses and public institutions, which span the communications, financial services, technology/consumer, transportation and leisure, healthcare and other industries. Revenue by industry vertical for 2017, as a percentage of our consolidated revenues, was 33% for communications, 27% for financial services, 18% for technology/consumer, 7% for transportation and leisure, 4% for healthcare, 3% for retail and 8% for all other verticals, including government and utilities. We believe our globally recognized client base presents opportunities for further cross marketing of our services.
Total revenues by segment from AT&T Corporation, a major provider of communication services for which we provide various customer support services, were as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	 	 	
 	  	2017	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	 	 	
 	  	Amount	 	  	% of
Revenues	 	Amount	 	  	% of
Revenues	 	 	Amount	 	  	% of  
Revenues	 	 	 	
Americas	  	$	220,010	 	  	16.6%	 	$	239,033	 	  	 	19.6%	 	 	$	217,449	 	  	20.8%	 				
EMEA	  	 	-	 	  	0.0%	 	 	-	 	  	 	0.0%	 	 	 	3,003	 	  	1.2%	 				
	  	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  				 	 	 	 	  		 				
	  	$	220,010	 	  	13.9%	 	$	239,033	 	  	 	16.4	% 	 	$	220,452	 	  	17.1%	 				
	  	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  				 	 	 	 	  		 				
We have multiple distinct contracts with AT&T spread across multiple lines of businesses, which expire at varying dates between 2018 and 2019. We have historically renewed most of these contracts. However, there is no assurance that these contracts will be renewed, or if renewed, will be on terms as favorable as the existing contracts. Each line of business is governed by separate business terms, conditions and metrics. Each line of business also has a separate decision maker such that a loss of one line of business would not necessarily impact our relationship with the client and decision makers on other lines of business. The loss of (or the failure to retain a significant amount of business with) any of our key clients, including AT&T, could have a material adverse effect on our performance. Many of our contracts contain penalty provisions for failure to meet minimum service levels and are cancelable by the client at any time or on short notice. Also, clients may unilaterally reduce their use of our services under our contracts without penalty.
 
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Total revenues by segment from our next largest client, which was in the financial services vertical in each of the years, were as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	 	
 	  	2017	 	2016	 	2015	 	 	
 	  	Amount	 	  	% of
Revenues	 	Amount	 	  	% of
Revenues	 	Amount	 	  	% of
Revenues	 	 	
Americas	  	$	109,475	 	  	8.3%	 	$	90,508	 	  	7.4%	 	$	62,980	 	  	6.0%	 		
EMEA	  	 	-	 	  	0.0%	 	 	-	 	  	0.0%	 	 	-	 	  	0.0%	 		
	  	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		 		
	  	$	109,475	 	  	6.9%	 	$	90,508	 	  	6.2%	 	$	62,980	 	  	4.9%	 		
	  	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		 		
Other than AT&T, total revenues by segment of our clients that each individually represents 10% or greater of that segment’s revenues in each of the years were as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	 	
 	  	2017	 	2016	 	2015	 	 	
 	  	Amount	 	  	% of
Revenues	 	Amount	 	  	% of
Revenues	 	Amount	 	  	% of
Revenues	 	 	
Americas	  	$	-	 	  	0.0%	 	$	-	 	  	0.0%	 	$	-	 	  	0.0%	 		
EMEA	  	 	104,829	 	  	40.3%	 	 	96,115	 	  	40.2%	 	 	68,720	 	  	28.5%	 		
	  	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		 		
	  	$	104,829	 	  	6.6%	 	$	96,115	 	  	6.6%	 	$	68,720	 	  	5.3%	 		
	  	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		 		
Our top ten clients accounted for approximately 46.9%, 49.2% and 48.5% of our consolidated revenues during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Competition
The industry in which we operate is global, highly fragmented and extremely competitive. While many companies provide customer engagement solutions and services, we believe no one company is dominant in the industry.
In most cases, our principal competition stems from our existing and potential clients’ in-house customer engagement operations. When it is not the in-house operations of a client or potential client, our public and private direct competition includes 24/7 Customer, Alorica, Arise, Atento, Concentrix, Convergys, Groupe Acticall/Sitel, iQor, LiveOps, StarTek, Sutherland, Teleperformance, TTEC, Transcom and Working Solutions, as well as the customer care arm of such companies as Accenture, Conduent, Infosys, Tech Mahindra and Wipro, among others. There are other numerous and varied providers of such services, including firms specializing in various CRM consulting, other customer engagement solutions providers, niche or large market companies, as well as product distribution companies that provide fulfillment services. Some of these companies possess substantially greater resources, greater name recognition and a more established customer base than we do.
We believe that the most significant competitive factors in the sale of outsourced customer engagement services include service quality, tailored value-added service offerings, industry experience, advanced technological capabilities, global coverage, reliability, scalability, security, price and financial strength. As a result of intense competition, outsourced customer engagement solutions and services frequently are subject to pricing pressure. Clients also require outsourcers to be able to provide services in multiple locations. Competition for contracts for many of our services takes the form of competitive bidding in response to requests for proposal.
Intellectual Property
The success of our business depends, in part, on our proprietary technology and intellectual property. We rely on a combination of intellectual property laws and contractual arrangements to protect our intellectual property. We and our subsidiaries have registered various trademarks and service marks in the U.S. and/or other countries, including SYKES®, REAL PEOPLE. REAL SOLUTIONS®, SYKES HOME®, SYKES HOME POWERED BY ALPINE ACCESS®, SCIENCE OF SERVICE®, ALPINE ACCESS®, ALPINE ACCESS UNIVERSITY®, TALENTSPROUT®, SECURE TALK®, CLEARLINK®, BUYCALLS®, A SECURE LIFE®, LEADAMP®, TRUE PROTECT®, BROADBANDEXPERT ® , SAFEWISE® and USDIRECT®. The duration of trademark and service mark registrations varies from country to country but may generally be renewed indefinitely as long as the marks are in use and their registrations are properly maintained. We have a pending U.S. patent application which relates to a system and method of analysis and recommendation for distributed employee management and digital collaboration. We also have a pending U.S. patent application that relates to systems and methods for secure
 
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authentication to computer networks and visual work environment setup. Our subsidiary, Alpine, was issued U.S. Patent No. 8,565,413 in 2013, which relates to a system and method for establishment and management of a remote agent engagement center. Alpine was also issued U.S. Patent No. 9,100,484 in 2015, which relates to a secure call environment.
Employees
As of January 31, 2018, we had approximately 55,000 employees worldwide, including 43,675 customer engagement agents handling technical and customer support inquiries at our centers, 4,900 at-home customer engagement agents handling technical and customer support inquiries, 6,300 in management, administration, information technology, finance, sales and marketing roles, 25 in enterprise support services and 100 in fulfillment services. Our employees, with the exception of approximately 400 employees in Brazil and various European countries, are not union members and we have never suffered a material interruption of business as a result of a labor dispute. We consider our relations with our employees worldwide to be satisfactory.
We employ personnel through a continually updated recruiting network. This network includes a seasoned team of recruiters, competency-based selection standards and the sharing of global best practices in order to advertise to and source qualified candidates through proven recruiting techniques. Nonetheless, demand for qualified professionals with the required language and technical skills may still exceed supply at times as new skills are needed to keep pace with the requirements of customer engagements. As such, competition for such personnel is intense. Additionally, employee turnover in our industry is high.
Executive Officers
The following table provides the names and ages of our executive officers, and the positions and offices currently held by each of them:

Name	  	 	  	Age	  	 	  	Principal Position	  		
Charles E. Sykes	  		  	55	  		  	President and Chief Executive Officer and Director	  		
John Chapman	  		  	51	  		  	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	  		
Lawrence R. Zingale	  		  	61	  		  	Executive Vice President and General Manager	  		
James D. Farnsworth	  		  	52	  		  	Executive Vice President and General Manager	  		
Jenna R. Nelson	  		  	54	  		  	Executive Vice President, Human Resources	  		
David L. Pearson	  		  	59	  		  	Executive Vice President and Chief Information Officer	  		
James T. Holder	  		  	59	  		  	Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary	  		
William N. Rocktoff	  		  	55	  		  	Senior Vice President and Corporate Controller	  		
Charles E. Sykes joined SYKES in 1986 and was named President and Chief Executive Officer and Director in August 2004. From July 2003 to August 2004, Mr. Sykes was the Chief Operating Officer. From March 2000 to June 2001, Mr. Sykes was Senior Vice President, Marketing, and in June 2001, he was appointed to the position of General Manager, Senior Vice President — the Americas. From December 1996 to March 2000, he served as Vice President, Sales, and held the position of Regional Manager of the Midwest Region for Professional Services from 1992 until 1996.
John Chapman, F.C.C.A, joined SYKES in September 2002 as Vice President, Finance, managing the EMEA finance function and was named Senior Vice President, EMEA Global Region in January 2012, adding operational responsibility. In April 2014, he was named Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Prior to joining SYKES, Mr. Chapman served as financial controller for seven years for Raytheon UK.
Lawrence R. Zingale joined SYKES in January 2006 as Senior Vice President, Global Sales and Client Management. In May 2010, he was named Executive Vice President, Global Sales and Client Management and in September 2012, he was named Executive Vice President and General Manager. Prior to joining SYKES, Mr. Zingale served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of StarTek, Inc. since 2002. From December 1999 until November 2001, Mr. Zingale served as President of the Americas at Stonehenge Telecom, Inc. From May 1997 until November 1999, Mr. Zingale served as President and Chief Operating Officer of International Community Marketing. From February 1980 until May 1997, Mr. Zingale held various senior level positions at AT&T.
 
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James D. Farnsworth joined SYKES in November 2016 as Executive Vice President and General Manager. From 2015 until his joining SYKES, Mr. Farnsworth was President and Chief Executive Officer of Conduit Global, a business process outsourcing company. From 2014 to 2015, Mr. Farnsworth was Executive Vice President and General Manager of consulting and professional services. From 2009 to 2014, Mr. Farnsworth was Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer of virtualwirks, a professional services firm focused on virtualization of people, performance and business practices. From 2006 to 2009 and from 1998 to 2003, Mr. Farnsworth was at TTEC Holdings, a business process outsourcing firm, where he was Senior Vice President and General Manager of Global Delivery and he was in Operations. From 2004 to 2005, Mr. Farnsworth was at Startek, a business process outsourcing firm, where he was Senior Vice President of Operations and Client Services. And from 2004 to 2005, Mr. Farnsworth was Chief Operating Officer of Alpine Access, an at-home agent business process outsourcer.
Jenna R. Nelson joined SYKES in August 1993 and was named Senior Vice President, Human Resources, in July 2001. In May 2010, she was named Executive Vice President, Human Resources. From January 2001 until July 2001, Ms. Nelson held the position of Vice President, Human Resources. In August 1998, Ms. Nelson was appointed Vice President, Human Resources, and held the position of Director, Human Resources and Administration, from August 1996 to July 1998. From August 1993 until July 1996, Ms. Nelson served in various management positions within SYKES, including Director of Administration.
David L. Pearson joined SYKES in February 1997 as Vice President, Engineering, and was named Vice President, Technology Systems Management, in 2000 and Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer in August 2004. In May 2010, he was named Executive Vice President and Chief Information Officer. Prior to SYKES, Mr. Pearson held various engineering and technical management roles over a fifteen year period, including eight years at Compaq Computer Corporation and five years at Texas Instruments.
James T. Holder, J.D., joined SYKES in December 2000 as General Counsel and was named Corporate Secretary in January 2001, Vice President in January 2004 and Senior Vice President in December 2006. In May 2010, he was named Executive Vice President. From November 1999 until November 2000, Mr. Holder served in a consulting capacity as Special Counsel to Checkers Drive-In Restaurants, Inc., a publicly held restaurant operator and franchisor. From November 1993 until November 1999, Mr. Holder served in various capacities at Checkers including Corporate Secretary, Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President and General Counsel.
William N. Rocktoff, C.P.A., joined SYKES in August 1997 as Corporate Controller and was named Treasurer and Corporate Controller in December 1999, Vice President and Corporate Controller in March 2002 and Global Vice President in January 2011. In June 2017, he was named Senior Vice President and Corporate Controller. From November 1989 to August 1997, Mr. Rocktoff held various financial positions, including Corporate Controller, at Kimmins Corporation, a publicly-held contracting company.
 
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 Item 1A. Risk Factors
Factors Influencing Future Results and Accuracy of Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements (within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995) that are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections about us, our beliefs, and assumptions made by us. In addition, we may make other written or oral statements, which constitute forward-looking statements, from time to time. Words such as “may,” “expects,” “projects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” variations of such words, and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Similarly, statements that describe our future plans, objectives or goals also are forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our actual results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in such forward-looking statements, and undue reliance should not be placed on such statements. All forward-looking statements are made as of the date hereof, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: the marketplace’s continued receptivity to our terms and elements of services offered under our standardized contract for future bundled service offerings; our ability to continue the growth of our service revenues through additional customer engagement centers; our ability to further penetrate into vertically integrated markets; our ability to expand revenues within the global markets; our ability to continue to establish a competitive advantage through sophisticated technological capabilities, and the following risk factors:
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
Unfavorable general economic conditions could negatively impact our operating results and financial condition.
Unfavorable general economic conditions could negatively affect our business. While it is often difficult to predict the impact of general economic conditions on our business, these conditions could adversely affect the demand for some of our clients’ products and services and, in turn, could cause a decline in the demand for our services. Also, our clients may not be able to obtain adequate access to credit, which could affect their ability to make timely payments to us. If that were to occur, we could be required to increase our allowance for doubtful accounts, and the number of days outstanding for our accounts receivable could increase. In addition, we may not be able to renew our revolving credit facility at terms that are as favorable as those terms available under our current credit facility. Also, the group of lenders under our credit facility may not be able to fulfill their funding obligations, which could adversely impact our liquidity. For these reasons, among others, if unfavorable economic conditions persist or increase, this could adversely affect our revenues, operating results and financial condition, as well as our ability to access debt under comparable terms and conditions.
Our business is dependent on key clients, and the loss of a key client could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We derive a substantial portion of our revenues from a few key clients. Our top ten clients accounted for approximately 46.9% of our consolidated revenues in 2017. The loss of (or the failure to retain a significant amount of business with) any of our key clients could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Many of our contracts contain penalty provisions for failure to meet minimum service levels and are cancelable by the client at any time or on short-term notice. Also, clients may unilaterally reduce their use of our services under these contracts without penalty. Thus, our contracts with our clients do not ensure that we will generate a minimum level of revenues.
Cyber-attacks as well as improper disclosure or control of personal information could result in liability and harm our reputation, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Our business is heavily dependent upon our computer and voice technologies, systems and platforms. Internal or external attacks on any of those could disrupt the normal operations of our engagement centers and impede our ability to provide critical services to our clients, thereby subjecting us to liability under our contracts. Additionally, our business involves the use, storage and transmission of information about our employees, our clients and customers of our clients. While we take measures to protect the security of, and unauthorized access to, our systems, as well as the privacy of personal and proprietary information, it is possible that our security controls over our systems, as well as other security practices we follow, may not prevent the improper access to or disclosure of
 
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personally identifiable or proprietary information. Such disclosure could harm our reputation and subject us to liability under our contracts and laws that protect personal data, resulting in increased costs or loss of revenue. Further, data privacy is subject to frequently changing rules and regulations, which sometimes conflict among the various jurisdictions and countries in which we provide services.
The European Union’s (“EU”) General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) will take effect in May 2018 and will require EU member states to meet new and more stringent requirements regarding the handling of personal data. Failure to meet the GDPR requirements could result in substantial penalties of up to the greater of €20 million or 4% of global annual revenue of the preceding financial year. Additionally, compliance with the GDPR is resulting in operational costs to implement new procedures corresponding to new legal rights granted under the law. Although the GDPR will apply across the EU without a need for local implementing legislation, local data protection authorities will still have the ability to interpret the GDPR through so-called opening clauses, which permit region-specific data protection legislation and have the potential to create inconsistencies on a country-by-country basis.
Our efforts to comply with GDPR and other privacy and data protection laws may impose significant costs and challenges that are likely to increase over time. Our failure to adhere to or successfully implement processes in response to changing regulatory requirements in this area could result in impairment to our reputation in the marketplace and we could incur substantial penalties or litigation related to violation of existing or future data privacy laws and regulations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our business is subject to substantial competition.
The markets for many of our services operate on a commoditized basis and are highly competitive and subject to rapid change. While many companies provide outsourced customer engagement services, we believe no one company is dominant in the industry. There are numerous and varied providers of our services, including firms specializing in engagement center operations, temporary staffing and personnel placement, consulting and integration firms, and niche providers of outsourced customer engagement services, many of whom compete in only certain markets. Our competitors include both companies that possess greater resources and name recognition than we do, as well as small niche providers that have few assets and regionalized (local) name recognition instead of global name recognition. In addition to our competitors, many companies who might utilize our services or the services of one of our competitors may utilize in-house personnel to perform such services. Increased competition, our failure to compete successfully, pricing pressures, loss of market share and loss of clients could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Many of our large clients purchase outsourced customer engagement services from multiple preferred vendors. We have experienced and continue to anticipate significant pricing pressure from these clients in order to remain a preferred vendor. These companies also require vendors to be able to provide services in multiple locations. Although we believe we can effectively meet our clients’ demands, there can be no assurance that we will be able to compete effectively with other outsourced customer engagement services companies on price. We believe that the most significant competitive factors in the sale of our core services include the standard requirements of service quality, tailored value-added service offerings, industry experience, advanced technological capabilities, global coverage, reliability, scalability, security, price and financial strength.
The concentration of customer engagement centers in certain geographies poses risks to our operations which could adversely affect our financial condition.
Although we have engagement centers in many locations throughout the world, we have a concentration of centers in certain geographies outside of the U.S. and Canada, specifically The Philippines and Latin America. Our concentration of operations in those geographies is a result of our ability to access significant numbers of employees with certain language and other skills at costs that are advantageous. However, the concentration of business activities in any geographical area creates risks which could harm operations and our financial condition. Certain risks, such as natural disasters, armed conflict and military or civil unrest, political instability and disease transmission, as well as the risk of interruption to our delivery systems, is magnified when the realization of these, or any other risks, would effect a large portion of our business at once, which may result in a disproportionate increase in operating costs.    
 
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Our business is dependent on the demand for outsourcing.
Our business and growth depend in large part on the industry demand for outsourced customer engagement services. Outsourcing means that an entity contracts with a third party, such as us, to provide customer engagement services rather than perform such services in-house. There can be no assurance that this demand will continue, as organizations may elect to perform such services themselves. A significant change in this demand could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, there can be no assurance that our cross-selling efforts will cause clients to purchase additional services from us or adopt a single-source outsourcing approach.
We are subject to various uncertainties relating to future litigation.
We cannot predict whether any material suits, claims, or investigations may arise in the future. Regardless of the outcome of any future actions, claims, or investigations, we may incur substantial defense costs and such actions may cause a diversion of management time and attention. Also, it is possible that we may be required to pay substantial damages or settlement costs which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Our industry is subject to rapid technological change which could affect our business and results of operations.
Rapid technological advances, frequent new product introductions and enhancements, and changes in client requirements characterize the market for outsourced customer engagement services. Technological advancements in voice recognition software, as well as self-provisioning and self-help software, along with call avoidance technologies, have the potential to adversely impact call volume growth and, therefore, revenues. Our future success will depend in large part on our ability to service new products, platforms and rapidly changing technology. These factors will require us to provide adequately trained personnel to address the increasingly sophisticated, complex and evolving needs of our clients. In addition, our ability to capitalize on our acquisitions will depend on our ability to continually enhance software and services and adapt such software to new hardware and operating system requirements. Any failure by us to anticipate or respond rapidly to technological advances, new products and enhancements, or changes in client requirements could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our business relies heavily on technology and computer systems, which subjects us to various uncertainties.
We have invested significantly in sophisticated and specialized communications and computer technology and have focused on the application of this technology to meet our clients’ needs. We anticipate that the requirement to invest in new technologies will continue to grow and that it will be necessary to continue to invest in and develop new and enhanced technology on a timely basis to maintain our competitiveness. Significant capital expenditures are expected to be required to keep our technology up-to-date. There can be no assurance that any of our information systems will be adequate to meet our future needs or that we will be able to incorporate new technology to enhance and develop our existing services. Moreover, investments in technology, including future investments in upgrades and enhancements to software, may not necessarily maintain our competitiveness. Our future success will also depend in part on our ability to anticipate and develop information technology solutions that keep pace with evolving industry standards and changing client demands.
Emergency interruption of customer engagement center operations could affect our business and results of operations.
Our operations are dependent upon our ability to protect our customer engagement centers and our information databases against damage that may be caused by fire, earthquakes, severe weather and other disasters, power failure, telecommunications failures, unauthorized intrusion, computer viruses and other emergencies. The temporary or permanent loss of such systems could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Notwithstanding precautions taken to protect us and our clients from events that could interrupt delivery of services, there can be no assurance that a fire, natural disaster, human error, equipment malfunction or inadequacy, or other event would not result in a prolonged interruption in our ability to provide services to our clients. Such an event could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
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Our operating results will be adversely affected if we are unable to maximize our facility capacity utilization.
Our profitability is significantly influenced by our ability to effectively manage our contact center capacity utilization. The majority of our business involves technical support and customer care services initiated by our clients’ customers and, as a result, our capacity utilization varies and demands on our capacity are, to some degree, beyond our control. In order to create the additional capacity necessary to accommodate new or expanded outsourcing projects, we may need to open new contact centers. The opening or expansion of a contact center may result, at least in the short term, in idle capacity until we fully implement the new or expanded program. Additionally, the occasional need to open customer engagement centers fully, or primarily, dedicated to a single client, instead of spreading the work among existing facilities with idle capacity, negatively affects capacity utilization. We periodically assess the expected long-term capacity utilization of our contact centers. As a result, we may, if deemed necessary, consolidate, close or partially close under-performing contact centers to maintain or improve targeted utilization and margins. There can be no guarantee that we will be able to achieve or maintain optimal utilization of our contact center capacity.
As part of our effort to consolidate our facilities, we may seek to sell or sublease a portion of our surplus contact center space, if any, and recover certain costs associated with it. Failure to sell or sublease such surplus space will negatively impact results of operations.
Increases in the cost of telephone and data services or significant interruptions in such services could adversely affect our financial results.
Our business is significantly dependent on telephone and data service provided by various local and long distance telephone companies. Accordingly, any disruption of these services could adversely affect our business. We have taken steps to mitigate our exposure to service disruptions by investing in redundant circuits, although there is no assurance that the redundant circuits would not also suffer disruption. Any inability to obtain telephone or data services at favorable rates could negatively affect our business results. Where possible, we have entered into long-term contracts with various providers to mitigate short-term rate increases and fluctuations. There is no obligation, however, for the vendors to renew their contracts with us, or to offer the same or lower rates in the future, and such contracts are subject to termination or modification for various reasons outside of our control. A significant increase in the cost of telephone services that is not recoverable through an increase in the price of our services could adversely affect our financial results.
Our profitability may be adversely affected if we are unable to maintain and find new locations for customer engagement centers in countries with stable wage rates.
Our business is labor-intensive and therefore wages, employee benefits and employment taxes constitute the largest component of our operating expenses. As a result, expansion of our business is dependent upon our ability to find cost-effective locations in which to operate, both domestically and internationally. Some of our customer engagement centers are located in countries that have experienced inflation and rising standards of living, which requires us to increase employee wages. In addition, collective bargaining is being utilized in an increasing number of countries in which we currently, or may in the future, desire to operate. Collective bargaining may result in material wage and benefit increases. If wage rates and benefits increase significantly in a country where we maintain customer engagement centers, we may not be able to pass those increased labor costs on to our clients, requiring us to search for other cost effective delivery locations. Additionally, some of our customer engagement centers are located in jurisdictions subject to minimum wage regulations, which may result in increased wages in the future. There is no assurance that we will be able to find such cost-effective locations, and even if we do, the costs of closing delivery locations and opening new customer engagement centers can adversely affect our financial results.
Risks Related to Our International Operations
Our international operations and expansion involve various risks.
We intend to continue to pursue growth opportunities in markets outside the United States. At December 31, 2017, our international operations were conducted from 37 customer engagement centers located in Sweden, Finland, Germany, Cyprus, Egypt, Scotland, Denmark, Norway, Hungary, Romania, The Philippines, the People’s Republic of China, India and Australia. Revenues from these international operations for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, were 36.1%, 36.8%, and 40.5% of consolidated revenues, respectively. We also conduct business from 14 customer engagement centers located in Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Mexico and Brazil. International operations are subject to certain risks common to international activities, such as changes in foreign governmental regulations, tariffs and taxes, import/export license requirements, the imposition of trade barriers,
 
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difficulties in staffing and managing international operations, political uncertainties, longer payment cycles, possible greater difficulties in accounts receivable collection, economic instability as well as political and country-specific risks.
Additionally, we have been granted tax holidays in The Philippines, Colombia, Costa Rica and El Salvador that expire at varying dates from 2019 through 2028. In some cases, the tax holidays expire without possibility of renewal. In other cases, we expect to renew these tax holidays, but there are no assurances from the respective foreign governments that they will renew them. This could potentially result in adverse tax consequences, the impact of which is not practicable to estimate due to the inherent complexity of estimating critical variables such as long-term future profitability, tax regulations and rates in the multi-national tax environment in which we operate. Any one or more of these factors could have an adverse effect on our international operations and, consequently, on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The tax holidays decreased the provision for income taxes by $3.0 million, $3.3 million and $4.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
The 2017 Tax Reform Act requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred and creates new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings. We recognized a provisional amount of $32.7 million, which is included as a component of “Income taxes” in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2017.
As of December 31, 2017, we had cash balances of approximately $335.1 million held in international operations, most of which would not be subject to additional taxes if repatriated to the United States. In January 2018, we repatriated $167.6 million from our foreign subsidiaries.
No additional income taxes have been provided for any remaining outside basis difference inherent in our foreign subsidiaries as these amounts continue to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations. Determination of any unrecognized deferred tax liability related to the outside basis difference in investments in foreign subsidiaries is not practicable due to the inherent complexity of the multi-national tax environment in which we operate.
We conduct business in various foreign currencies and are therefore exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates, which could impact our results of operations and financial condition. We are also subject to certain exposures arising from the translation and consolidation of the financial results of our foreign subsidiaries. We enter into foreign currency forward and option contracts to hedge against the effect of certain foreign currency exchange exposures. However, there can be no assurance that we can take actions to mitigate such exposure in the future, and if taken, that such actions will be successful or that future changes in currency exchange rates will not have a material adverse impact on our future operating results. A significant change in the value of the U.S. Dollar against the currency of one or more countries where we operate may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, our hedging exposure to counterparty credit risks is not secured by any collateral. Although each of the counterparty financial institutions with which we place hedging contracts are investment grade rated by the national rating agencies as of the time of the placement, we can provide no assurances as to the financial stability of any of our counterparties. If a counterparty to one or more of our hedge transactions were to become insolvent, we would be an unsecured creditor and our exposure at the time would depend on foreign exchange rate movements relative to the contracted foreign exchange rate and whether any gains result that are not realized due to a counterparty default.
The fundamental shift in our industry toward global service delivery markets presents various risks to our business.
Clients continue to require blended delivery models using a combination of onshore and offshore support. Our offshore delivery locations include The Philippines, the People’s Republic of China, India, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Mexico, Brazil and Colombia, and while we have operated in global delivery markets since 1996, there can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully conduct and expand such operations, and a failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The success of our offshore operations will be subject to numerous factors, some of which are beyond our control, including general and regional economic conditions, prices for our services, competition, changes in regulation and other risks. In addition, as with all of our operations outside of the United States, we are subject to various additional political, economic and market uncertainties (see “Our international operations and expansion involve various risks”). Additionally, a change in the political environment in the United States or the adoption and enforcement of legislation and regulations curbing the use of offshore customer engagement solutions and services could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
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Our global operations expose us to numerous legal and regulatory requirements.
We provide services to our clients’ customers in 21 countries around the world. Accordingly, we are subject to numerous legal regimes on matters such as taxation, government sanctions, content requirements, licensing, tariffs, government affairs, data privacy and immigration as well as internal and disclosure control obligations. In the U.S., as well as several of the other countries in which we operate, some of our services must comply with various laws and regulations regarding the method and timing of placing outbound telephone calls. Violations of these various laws and regulations could result in liability for monetary damages, fines and/or criminal prosecution and unfavorable publicity. Changes in U.S. federal, state and international laws and regulations, specifically those relating to the outsourcing of jobs to foreign countries as well as statutory and regulatory requirements related to derivative transactions, may adversely affect our ability to perform our services at our overseas facilities or could result in additional taxes on such services, or impact our flexibility to execute strategic hedges, thereby threatening or limiting our ability or the financial benefit to continue to serve certain markets at offshore locations, or the risks associated therewith.
Corporate tax reform, base-erosion efforts and tax transparency continue to be high priorities in many tax jurisdictions where we have business operations. As a result, policies regarding corporate income and other taxes in numerous jurisdictions are under heightened scrutiny and tax reform legislation is being proposed or enacted in a number of jurisdictions. For example, the 2017 Tax Reform Act, adopting broad U.S. corporate income tax reform will, among other things, reduce the U.S. corporate income tax rate, but will impose base-erosion prevention measures on non-U.S. earnings of U.S. entities as well as a one-time mandatory deemed repatriation tax on accumulated non-U.S. earnings. The 2017 Tax Reform Act will affect the tax position reflected on our consolidated balance sheet and will have an impact on our consolidated financial results beginning with the fourth quarter of 2017, the period of enactment.
In addition, many countries are beginning to implement legislation and other guidance to align their international tax rules with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting recommendations and action plan that aim to standardize and modernize global corporate tax policy, including changes to cross-border tax, transfer-pricing documentation rules, and nexus-based tax incentive practices. As a result of the heightened scrutiny of corporate taxation policies, prior decisions by tax authorities regarding treatments and positions of corporate income taxes could be subject to enforcement activities, and legislative investigation and inquiry, which could also result in changes in tax policies or prior tax rulings. Any such changes in policies or rulings may also result in the taxes we previously paid being subject to change.
Due to the large scale of our international business activities any substantial changes in international corporate tax policies, enforcement activities or legislative initiatives may materially and adversely affect our business, the amount of taxes we are required to pay and our financial condition and results of operations generally.
Failure to comply with laws, regulations and policies, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act or other applicable anti-corruption legislation, could result in fines, criminal penalties and an adverse effect on our business.
We are subject to regulation under a wide variety of U.S. federal and state and non-U.S. laws, regulations and policies, including anti-corruption laws and export-import compliance and trade laws, due to our global operations. In particular, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, the U.K. Bribery Act of 2010 and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies, their agents, consultants and other business partners from making improper payments to government officials or other persons (i.e., commercial bribery) for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business or other improper advantage. They also impose recordkeeping and internal control provisions on companies such as ours. We operate and/or conduct business, and any acquisition target may operate and/or conduct business, in some parts of the world that are recognized as having governmental and commercial corruption and in such countries, strict compliance with anti-bribery laws may conflict with local customs and practices. Under some circumstances, a parent company may be civilly and criminally liable for bribes paid by a subsidiary. We cannot assure you that our internal control policies and procedures have protected us, or will protect us, from unlawful conduct of our employees, agents, consultants and other business partners. In the event that we believe or have reason to believe that violations may have occurred, including without limitation violations of anti-corruption laws, we may be required to investigate and/or have outside counsel investigate the relevant facts and circumstances, which can be expensive and require significant time and attention from senior management. Violation may result in substantial civil and/or criminal fines, disgorgement of profits, sanctions and penalties, debarment from future work with governments, curtailment of operations in certain jurisdictions, and
 
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imprisonment of the individuals involved. As a result, any such violations may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition. In addition, actual or alleged violations could damage our reputation and ability to do business. Any of these impacts could have a material, adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Risks Related to Our Employees
Our inability to attract and retain experienced personnel may adversely impact our business.
Our business is labor intensive and places significant importance on our ability to recruit, train, and retain qualified technical and consultative professional personnel in a tightening labor market. We generally experience high turnover of our personnel and are continuously required to recruit and train replacement personnel as a result of a changing and expanding work force. Additionally, demand for qualified technical professionals conversant in multiple languages, including English, and/or certain technologies may exceed supply, as new and additional skills are required to keep pace with evolving computer technology. Our ability to locate and train employees is critical to achieving our growth objective. Our inability to attract and retain qualified personnel or an increase in wages or other costs of attracting, training, or retaining qualified personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our operations are substantially dependent on our senior management.
Our success is largely dependent upon the efforts, direction and guidance of our senior management. Our growth and success also depend in part on our ability to attract and retain skilled employees and managers and on the ability of our executive officers and key employees to manage our operations successfully. We have entered into employment and non-competition agreements with our executive officers. The loss of any of our senior management or key personnel, or the inability to attract, retain or replace key management personnel in the future, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Health epidemics could disrupt our business and adversely affect our financial results.
Our customer engagement centers typically seat hundreds of employees in one location. Accordingly, an outbreak of a contagious infection in one or more of the markets in which we do business may result in significant worker absenteeism, lower asset utilization rates, voluntary or mandatory closure of our offices and delivery centers, travel restrictions on our employees, and other disruptions to our business. Any prolonged or widespread health epidemic could severely disrupt our business operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Business Strategy
Our strategy of growing through selective acquisitions and mergers involves potential risks.
We evaluate opportunities to expand the scope of our services through acquisitions and mergers. We may be unable to identify companies that complement our strategies, and even if we identify a company that complements our strategies, we may be unable to acquire or merge with the company. Also, a decrease in the price of our common stock could hinder our growth strategy by limiting growth through acquisitions funded with SYKES’ stock.
The actual integration of the company may result in additional and unforeseen expenses, and the full amount of anticipated benefits of the integration plan may not be realized. If we are not able to adequately address these challenges, we may be unable to fully integrate the acquired operations into our own, or to realize the full amount of anticipated benefits of the integration of the companies.
 
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Our acquisition strategy involves other potential risks. These risks include:

	 	 •	  	the inability to obtain the capital required to finance potential acquisitions on satisfactory terms;	
	 	 •	  	the diversion of our attention to the integration of the businesses to be acquired;	
	 	 •	  	the risk that the acquired businesses will fail to maintain the quality of services that we have historically provided;	
	 	 •	  	the need to implement financial and other systems and add management resources;	
	 	 •	  	the risk that key employees of the acquired business will leave after the acquisition;	
	 	 •	  	potential liabilities of the acquired business;	
	 	 •	  	unforeseen difficulties in the acquired operations;	
	 	 •	  	adverse short-term effects on our operating results;	
	 	 •	  	lack of success in assimilating or integrating the operations of acquired businesses within our business;	
	 	 •	  	the dilutive effect of the issuance of additional equity securities;	
	 	 •	  	the impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets involved in any acquisitions;	
	 	 •	  	the businesses we acquire not proving profitable;	
	 	 •	  	incurring additional indebtedness; and	
	 	 •	  	in the case of foreign acquisitions, the need to integrate operations across different cultures and languages and to address the particular economic, currency, political, and regulatory risks associated with specific countries.	
We may incur significant cash and non-cash costs in connection with the continued rationalization of assets resulting from acquisitions.
We may incur a number of non-recurring cash and non-cash costs associated with the continued rationalization of assets resulting from acquisitions relating to the closing of facilities and disposition of assets.
If our goodwill or intangible assets become impaired, we could be required to record a significant charge to earnings.
We recorded substantial goodwill and intangible assets as a result of the ICT, Alpine, Qelp and Clearlink acquisitions. We review our goodwill and intangible assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. We assess whether there has been an impairment in the value of goodwill at least annually. Factors that may be considered a change in circumstances indicating that the carrying value of our goodwill or intangible assets may not be recoverable include declines in stock price, market capitalization or cash flows and slower growth rates in our industry. We could be required to record a significant charge to earnings in our financial statements during the period in which any impairment of our goodwill or intangible assets were determined, negatively impacting our results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
Our organizational documents contain provisions that could impede a change in control.
Our Board of Directors is divided into three classes serving staggered three-year terms. The staggered Board of Directors and the anti-takeover effects of certain provisions contained in the Florida Business Corporation Act and in our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, including the ability of the Board of Directors to issue shares of preferred stock and to fix the rights and preferences of those shares without shareholder approval, may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing an unsolicited change in control. This may adversely affect the market price of our common stock or the ability of shareholders to participate in a transaction in which they might otherwise receive a premium for their shares.
The volatility of our stock price may result in loss of investment.
The trading price of our common stock has been and may continue to be subject to wide fluctuations over short and long periods of time. We believe that market prices of outsourced customer engagement services stocks in general have experienced volatility, which could affect the market price of our common stock regardless of our financial results or performance. We further believe that various factors such as general economic conditions, changes or volatility in the financial markets, changing market conditions in the outsourced customer engagement services industry, quarterly variations in our financial results, the announcement of acquisitions, strategic partnerships, or new product offerings, and changes in financial estimates and recommendations by securities analysts could cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate substantially in the future.
 
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Failure to adhere to laws, rules and regulations applicable to public companies operating in the U.S. may have an adverse effect on our stock price.
Because we are a publicly-traded company, we are subject to certain evolving and extensive federal, state and other rules and regulations relating to, among other things, assessment and maintenance of internal controls and corporate governance. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, together with rules and regulations issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) require us to furnish, on an annual basis, a report by our management (included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K) regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. The report includes, among other things, an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting as of the end of our fiscal year and a statement as to whether or not our internal controls over financial reporting are effective. We must include a disclosure of any material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting identified by management during the annual assessment. We have in the past discovered, and may potentially in the future discover, areas of internal control over financial reporting which may require improvement. If at any time we are unable to assert that our internal controls over financial reporting are effective, or if our auditors are unable to express an opinion on the effectiveness of our internal controls, our investors could lose confidence in the accuracy and/or completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on our stock price.
 Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
There are no material unresolved written comments that were received from the SEC staff 180 days or more before the year ended December 31, 2017 relating to our periodic or current reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
 
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 Item 2. Properties
Our principal executive offices are located in Tampa, Florida, which consist of approximately 68,000 square feet of leased office space. This facility currently serves as the headquarters for senior management and the financial, information technology and administrative departments. In addition to our headquarters and the customer engagement centers (“centers”) used by our Americas and EMEA segments discussed below, we also have offices in several countries around the world which support our Americas and EMEA segments.
As of December 31, 2017, we operated one fulfillment location and 79 multi-client centers. Our centers were located in the following countries:

 	  	    Centers    	 	
Americas:	  				
Australia	  	 	3	 	
Brazil	  	 	2	 	
Canada	  	 	3	 	
Colombia	  	 	1	 	
Costa Rica	  	 	5	 	
El Salvador	  	 	1	 	
India	  	 	1	 	
Mexico	  	 	2	 	
People’s Republic of China	  	 	3	 	
The Philippines	  	 	7	 	
United States	  	 	28	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total Americas centers	  	 	56	 	
	  	 	 	 	
EMEA:	  				
Cyprus	  	 	1	 	
Denmark	  	 	1	 	
Egypt	  	 	1	 	
Finland	  	 	1	 	
Germany	  	 	5	 	
Hungary	  	 	1	 	
Norway	  	 	1	 	
Romania	  	 	4	 	
Scotland	  	 	3	 	
Sweden	  	 	5	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total EMEA centers	  	 	23	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total centers	  	 	79	 	
	  	 	 	 	
We believe our existing facilities are suitable and adequate to meet current requirements, and that suitable additional or substitute space will be available as needed to accommodate any physical expansion or any space required due to expiring leases not renewed. We operate from time to time in temporary facilities to accommodate growth before new centers are available. At December 31, 2017, our centers, taken as a whole, were utilized at average capacities of approximately 72% and were capable of supporting a higher level of market demand. We had utilization of 71% and 81% in the Americas and EMEA, respectively, at December 31, 2017.
 Item 3. Legal Proceedings
Information with respect to this item may be found in Note 22, Commitments and Loss Contingency, of the accompanying “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” under the caption “Loss Contingency” which information is incorporated herein by reference.
 Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not Applicable.
 
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PART II
 Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Our common stock is quoted on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol SYKE. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain information as to the high and low intraday sale prices per share of our common stock as quoted on the NASDAQ Global Select Market.

 	  	  High    	 	  	  Low    	 	
Year Ended December 31, 2017:	  				  				
Fourth Quarter	  	$	    32.02	 	  	$	    26.77	 	
Third Quarter	  	 	34.49	 	  	 	25.77	 	
Second Quarter	  	 	34.45	 	  	 	27.37	 	
First Quarter	  	 	29.99	 	  	 	27.01	 	
Year Ended December 31, 2016:	  				  				
Fourth Quarter	  	$	30.00	 	  	$	25.77	 	
Third Quarter	  	 	31.37	 	  	 	26.00	 	
Second Quarter	  	 	30.82	 	  	 	27.22	 	
First Quarter	  	 	30.76	 	  	 	27.36	 	
Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends out of the funds legally available when and if declared by the Board of Directors. We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock in the past and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
As of February 1, 2018, there were approximately 810 holders of record of our common stock and we estimate there were approximately 11,300 beneficial owners.
Below is a summary of stock repurchases for the quarter ended December 31, 2017 (in thousands, except average price per share).

Period	  	Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased	 	  	Average
Price
Paid Per
Share	 	  	Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs	 	  	Maximum Number
of Shares That May
Yet Be Purchased
Under Plans or
Programs (1)	 	
October 1, 2017 - October 31, 2017	  	 	-  	 	  	$	    -	 	  	 	-  	 	  	 	4,748  	 	
November 1, 2017 - November 30, 2017	  	 	-  	 	  	$	    -	 	  	 	-  	 	  	 	4,748  	 	
December 1, 2017 - December 31, 2017	  	 	-  	 	  	$	    -	 	  	 	-  	 	  	 	4,748  	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	 	-  	 	  				  	 	-  	 	  	 	4,748  	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
(1) The total number of shares approved for repurchase under the 2011 Share Repurchase Plan dated August 18, 2011, as amended on March 16, 2017, is 10.0 million. The 2011 Share Repurchase Plan has no expiration date.
 
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Five-Year Stock Performance Graph
The following graph presents a comparison of the cumulative shareholder return on the common stock with the cumulative total return on the NASDAQ Computer and Data Processing Services Index, the NASDAQ Telecommunications Index, the Russell 2000 Index, the S&P Small Cap 600, the Old SYKES Peer Group and the New SYKES Peer Group (as defined below). The New SYKES Peer Group is comprised of publicly traded companies that derive a substantial portion of their revenues from engagement centers, customer care businesses, have similar business models to SYKES, and are those most commonly compared to SYKES by industry analysts following SYKES. This graph assumes that $100 was invested on December 31, 2012 in SYKES common stock, the NASDAQ Computer and Data Processing Services Index, the NASDAQ Telecommunications Index, the Russell 2000 Index, the S&P Small Cap 600, the Old SYKES Peer Group and the New SYKES Peer Group, including reinvestment of dividends.
Comparison of Five-Year Cumulative Total Return (in dollars)

 
							
	  	        New SYKES Peer Group	  	    Exchange & Ticker Symbol	  		
	  	 	  		
	  	        Atento S.A.	  	    NYSE: ATTO	  		
	  	        Convergys Corp.	  	    NYSE: CVG	  		
	  	        StarTek, Inc.	  	    NYSE: SRT	  		
	  	        Teleperformance	  	    NYSE Euronext: RCF	  		
	  	        TTEC Holdings, Inc.	  	    NASDAQ: TTEC	  		
We changed the SYKES Peer Group in 2017 to add Atento S.A. due to its focus on and leadership in Latin America, which is a significant component of the addressable global customer engagement solutions and services industry. Atento S.A. is also expected to become a direct competitor to SYKES as it leverages its Latin American footprint to service the U.S. market. Atento S.A. went public in 2014 on the New York Stock Exchange and now has three-years of trading history and operating performance as a publicly traded company behind it to warrant its inclusion in the industry share price performance chart.
There can be no assurance that SYKES’ stock performance will continue into the future with the same or similar trends depicted in the graph above. SYKES does not make or endorse any predictions as to the future stock performance.
 
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The information contained in the Stock Performance Graph section shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or “filed” or incorporated by reference in future filings with the SEC, or subject to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference into a document filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
 Item 6. Selected Financial Data
Selected Financial Data
The following selected financial data has been derived from our consolidated financial statements.
The information below should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes thereto.

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
(in thousands, except per share data)	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	  	2014	 	  	2013	 	
Income Statement Data: (1)	  				  				  				  				  				
Revenues	  	$	1,586,008	 	  	$	1,460,037	 	  	$	1,286,340	 	  	$	1,327,523	 	  	$	1,263,460	 	
Income from operations (2,3,4,5,6,7)	  	 	86,891	 	  	 	92,248	 	  	 	94,264	 	  	 	79,555	 	  	 	53,527	 	
Net income (8)	  	 	32,216	 	  	 	62,390	 	  	 	68,597	 	  	 	57,791	 	  	 	37,260	 	
	  				  				  				  				  				
Net Income Per Common Share: (1)	  				  				  				  				  				
Basic (2,3,4,5,6,7,8)	  	$	0.77	 	  	$	1.49	 	  	$	1.64	 	  	$	1.36	 	  	$	0.87	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Diluted (2,3,4,5,6,7,8)	  	$	0.76	 	  	$	1.48	 	  	$	1.62	 	  	$	1.35	 	  	$	0.87	 	

Weighted Average Common Shares: (1)	  				  				  				  				  				
Basic	  	 	41,822	 	  	 	41,847	 	  	 	41,899	 	  	 	42,609	 	  	 	42,877	 	
Diluted	  	 	42,141	 	  	 	42,239	 	  	 	42,447	 	  	 	42,814	 	  	 	42,925	 	
	  				  				  				  				  				
Balance Sheet Data: (1,9)	  				  				  				  				  				
Total assets	  	$	1,327,092	 	  	$	1,236,403	 	  	$	947,772	 	  	$	944,500	 	  	$	950,261	 	
Long-term debt	  	 	275,000	 	  	 	267,000	 	  	 	70,000	 	  	 	75,000	 	  	 	98,000	 	
Shareholders’ equity	  	 	796,479	 	  	 	724,522	 	  	 	678,680	 	  	 	658,218	 	  	 	635,704	 	
 
(1)	The amounts for 2017 include the Telecommunications Asset acquisition since the May 31, 2017 acquisition date. The amounts for 2017 and 2016 include the Clearlink acquisition since the April 1, 2016 acquisition date. The amounts for 2017, 2016 and 2015 include the Qelp acquisition since the July 2, 2015 acquisition date. See Note 2, Acquisitions, for further information.	
(2)	The amounts for 2017 include $0.7 million in Telecommunications Asset acquisition-related costs, $0.5 million in other immaterial acquisition-related costs, a $0.6 million net gain on contingent consideration, a $0.5 million net loss on disposal of property and equipment, a $5.4 million impairment of long-lived assets and $0.1 million in interest accretion on contingent consideration.	
(3)	The amounts for 2016 include $4.6 million in Clearlink acquisition-related costs, a $2.3 million net gain on contingent consideration, $0.8 million in interest accretion on contingent consideration and a $0.3 million net loss on disposal of property and equipment.	
(4)	The amounts for 2015 include a $0.9 million net gain on insurance settlement, $0.6 million loss on liquidation of a foreign subsidiary, $0.5 million in Qelp acquisition-related costs, $0.4 million in interest accretion on contingent consideration and a $0.4 million net loss on disposal of property and equipment.	
(5)	The amounts for 2014 include a $2.0 million net gain on disposal of property and equipment primarily due to the sale of the land and building in Bismarck, North Dakota and a $0.1 million impairment of long-lived assets.	
(6)	The amounts for 2013 include $2.1 million in Alpine acquisition-related costs and a $0.2 million net loss on disposal of property and equipment.	
(7)	The amounts for 2014 and 2013 include $(0.3) million and $0.3 million, respectively, related to the Exit Plans. See Note 3, Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities, for further information.	
(8)	The amounts for 2017 include $32.7 million related to the impact of the 2017 Tax Reform Act.	
(9)	The Company has not declared cash dividends per common share for any of the five years presented.	
 
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 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This discussion should be read in conjunction with the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto that appear elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following discussion and analysis compares the year ended December 31, 2017 (“2017”) to the year ended December 31, 2016 (“2016”), and 2016 to the year ended December 31, 2015 (“2015”).
The following discussion and analysis and other sections of this document contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Words such as “may,” “expects,” “projects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” variations of such words, and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Similarly, statements that describe our future plans, objectives, or goals also are forward-looking statements. Future events and actual results could differ materially from the results reflected in these forward-looking statements, as a result of certain of the factors set forth below and elsewhere in this analysis and in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 in Item 1.A., “Risk Factors.”
Executive Summary
We are a leading provider of multichannel demand generation and global comprehensive customer engagement services. We provide differentiated full lifecycle customer engagement solutions and services to Global 2000 companies and their end customers primarily in the communications, financial services, technology, transportation and leisure, healthcare, retail and other industries. Our differentiated full lifecycle management services platform effectively engages customers at every touchpoint within the customer journey, including digital marketing and acquisition, sales expertise, customer service, technical support and retention. We serve our clients through two geographic operating regions: the Americas (United States, Canada, Latin America, Australia and the Asia Pacific Rim) and EMEA (Europe, the Middle East and Africa). Our Americas and EMEA regions primarily provide customer engagement solutions and services with an emphasis on inbound multichannel demand generation, customer service and technical support to our clients’ customers. These services, which represented 99.4%, 99.2% and 98.1% of consolidated revenues in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, are delivered through multiple communication channels including phone, e-mail, social media, text messaging, chat and digital self-service. We also provide various enterprise support services in the United States (“U.S.”) that include services for our clients’ internal support operations, from technical staffing services to outsourced corporate help desk services. In Europe, we also provide fulfillment services, which includes order processing, payment processing, inventory control, product delivery and product returns handling. Our complete service offering helps our clients acquire, retain and increase the lifetime value of their customer relationships. We have developed an extensive global reach with customer engagement centers across six continents, including North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Australia and Africa. We deliver cost-effective solutions that generate demand, enhance the customer service experience, promote stronger brand loyalty, and bring about high levels of performance and profitability.
Revenues from these services is recognized as the services are performed, which is based on either a per minute, per hour, per call, per transaction or per time and material basis, under a fully executed contractual agreement, and we record reductions to revenues for contractual penalties and holdbacks for a failure to meet specified minimum service levels and other performance based contingencies. Revenue recognition is limited to the amount that is not contingent upon delivery of any future product or service or meeting other specified performance conditions. Product sales, accounted for within our fulfillment services, are recognized upon shipment to the customer and satisfaction of all obligations.
Direct salaries and related costs include direct personnel compensation, severance, statutory and other benefits associated with such personnel and other direct costs associated with providing services to customers.
General and administrative costs include administrative, sales and marketing, occupancy and other costs.
Depreciation, net represents depreciation on property and equipment, net of the amortization of deferred property grants.
Amortization of intangibles represents amortization of finite-lived intangible assets.
Impairment of long-lived assets, primarily leasehold improvements and equipment in the Americas, was related to an effort to streamline excess capacity subsequent to the Telecommunications Asset acquisition.
Interest income primarily relates to interest earned on cash and cash equivalents.
Interest (expense) includes interest on outstanding borrowings, commitment fees charged on the unused portion of
 
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our revolving credit facility and contingent consideration, as more fully described in this Item 7, under “Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
Other income (expense), net includes gains and losses on derivative instruments not designated as hedges, foreign currency transaction gains and losses, gains and losses on the liquidation of foreign subsidiaries and other miscellaneous income (expense).
Our effective tax rate for the periods presented includes the effects of state income taxes, net of federal tax benefit, uncertain tax positions, tax holidays, valuation allowance changes, foreign rate differentials, foreign withholding and other taxes, and permanent differences.
Recent Developments
U.S. 2017 Tax Reform Act
On December 20, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 Tax Reform Act”) was approved by Congress and received presidential approval on December 22, 2017. In general, the 2017 Tax Reform Act reduces the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective in 2018. The 2017 Tax Reform Act moves from a worldwide business taxation approach to a participation exemption regime. The 2017 Tax Reform Act also imposes base-erosion prevention measures on non-U.S. earnings of U.S. entities, as well as a one-time mandatory deemed repatriation tax on accumulated non-U.S. earnings. The 2017 Tax Reform Act will have an impact on our consolidated financial results beginning with the fourth quarter of 2017, the period of enactment. This impact, along with the transitional taxes discussed in Note 20, Income Taxes, of the accompanying “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” is reflected in the Other segment.
Acquisitions
On May 31, 2017, we completed the acquisition of certain assets of a Global 2000 telecommunications service provider (the “Telecommunications Asset acquisition”), to strengthen and create new partnerships and expand our geographic footprint in North America. The total purchase price of $7.5 million was funded through cash on hand. The results of operations of the Telecommunications Asset acquisition have been reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations since May 31, 2017.
In April 2016, we completed the acquisition of Clear Link Holdings, LLC (“Clearlink”), to expand our suite of service offerings while creating differentiation in the marketplace, broadening our addressable market opportunity and extending executive level reach within our existing clients’ organization. We refer to such acquisition herein as the “Clearlink acquisition.” The total purchase price of $207.9 million was funded by borrowings under our existing credit facility. The results of operations of Clearlink have been reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations since April 1, 2016.
In July 2015, we completed the acquisition of Qelp B.V. and its subsidiary (together, known as “Qelp”), to further broaden and strengthen our service portfolio around digital self-service customer support and extend our reach into adjacent, but complementary, markets. We refer to such acquisition herein as the “Qelp acquisition.” The total purchase price of $15.8 million was funded by $9.8 million in cash on hand and contingent consideration with a fair value of $6.0 million as of July 2, 2015. The results of operations of Qelp have been reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations since July 2, 2015.
 
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Results of Operations
The following table sets forth, for the years indicated, the amounts reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations as well as the changes between the respective years:

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2017
  $ Change  	 	 	2015	 	 	2016
  $ Change  	 	
Revenues	  	$	1,586,008	 	 	$	1,460,037	 	 	$	125,971	 	 	$	1,286,340	 	 	$	173,697	 	
Operating expenses:	  				 				 				 				 				
Direct salaries and related costs	  	 	1,039,790	 	 	 	947,677	 	 	 	92,113	 	 	 	836,516	 	 	 	111,161	 	
General and administrative	  	 	376,863	 	 	 	351,722	 	 	 	25,141	 	 	 	297,638	 	 	 	54,084	 	
Depreciation, net	  	 	55,972	 	 	 	49,013	 	 	 	6,959	 	 	 	43,752	 	 	 	5,261	 	
Amortization of intangibles	  	 	21,082	 	 	 	19,377	 	 	 	1,705	 	 	 	14,170	 	 	 	5,207	 	
Impairment of long-lived assets	  	 	5,410	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	5,410	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total operating expenses	  	 	1,499,117	 	 	 	1,367,789	 	 	 	131,328	 	 	 	1,192,076	 	 	 	175,713	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from operations	  	 	86,891	 	 	 	92,248	 	 	 	(5,357	) 	 	 	94,264	 	 	 	(2,016	) 	

Other income (expense):	  				 				 				 				 				
Interest income	  	 	696	 	 	 	607	 	 	 	89	 	 	 	668	 	 	 	(61	) 	
Interest (expense)	  	 	(7,689	) 	 	 	(5,570	) 	 	 	(2,119	) 	 	 	(2,465	) 	 	 	(3,105	) 	
Other income (expense), net	  	 	1,409	 	 	 	1,599	 	 	 	(190	) 	 	 	(2,484	) 	 	 	4,083	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total other income (expense), net	  	 	(5,584	) 	 	 	(3,364	) 	 	 	(2,220	) 	 	 	(4,281	) 	 	 	917	 	

Income before income taxes	  	 	81,307	 	 	 	88,884	 	 	 	(7,577	) 	 	 	89,983	 	 	 	(1,099	) 	
Income taxes	  	 	49,091	 	 	 	26,494	 	 	 	22,597	 	 	 	21,386	 	 	 	5,108	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	  	$	32,216	 	 	$	62,390	 	 	$	(30,174	) 	 	$	68,597	 	 	$	(6,207	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The following table sets forth, for the years indicated, the amounts presented in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations as a percentage of revenues:

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	    2017      	 	 	    2016      	 	 	    2015      	 	
Percentage of Revenue:	  				 				 				
Revenues	  	 	100.0	% 	 	 	100.0	% 	 	 	100.0	% 	
Direct salaries and related costs	  	 	65.6	 	 	 	64.9	 	 	 	65.0	 	
General and administrative	  	 	23.8	 	 	 	24.1	 	 	 	23.1	 	
Depreciation, net	  	 	3.5	 	 	 	3.4	 	 	 	3.4	 	
Amortization of intangibles	  	 	1.3	 	 	 	1.3	 	 	 	1.1	 	
Impairment of long-lived assets	  	 	0.3	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from operations	  	 	5.5	 	 	 	6.3	 	 	 	7.4	 	
Interest income	  	 	0.0	 	 	 	0.0	 	 	 	(0.0	) 	
Interest (expense)	  	 	(0.5	) 	 	 	(0.4	) 	 	 	(0.2	) 	
Other income (expense), net	  	 	0.1	 	 	 	0.2	 	 	 	(0.2	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income before income taxes	  	 	5.1	 	 	 	6.1	 	 	 	7.0	 	
Income taxes	  	 	3.1	 	 	 	1.8	 	 	 	1.7	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	  	 	2.0	% 	 	 	4.3	% 	 	 	5.3	% 	

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2017 Compared to 2016
Revenues

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	 	 	
 	  	2017	 	2016	 	 	 	
(in thousands)	  	Amount	 	  	% of
    Revenues    	 	Amount	 	  	% of
    Revenues    	 	    $ Change    	 	
Americas	  	$	1,325,643	 	  	83.6%	 	$	1,220,818	 	  	83.6%	 	$	104,825	 	
EMEA	  	 	260,283	 	  	16.4%	 	 	239,089	 	  	16.4%	 	 	21,194	 	
Other	  	 	82	 	  	0.0%	 	 	130	 	  	0.0%	 	 	(48	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Consolidated	  	$	1,586,008	 	  	100.0%	 	$	1,460,037	 	  	100.0%	 	$	125,971	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Consolidated revenues increased $126.0 million, or 8.6%, in 2017 from 2016.
The increase in Americas’ revenues was primarily due to higher volumes from existing clients of $51.3 million, new client sales of $51.1 million and Clearlink acquisition revenues of $43.1 million, partially offset by end-of-life client programs of $39.7 million and the negative foreign currency impact of $1.0 million. Revenues from our offshore operations represented 40.7% of Americas’ revenues, compared to 41.2% in 2016.
The increase in EMEA’s revenues was primarily due to higher volumes from existing clients of $24.9 million and new client sales of $2.7 million, partially offset by end-of-life client programs of $3.5 million and the negative foreign currency impact of $2.9 million.
On a consolidated basis, we had 52,600 brick-and-mortar seats as of December 31, 2017, an increase of 4,900 seats from 2016. Included in this seat count are 2,900 seats associated with the Telecommunications Asset acquisition. This increase in seats, net of the Telecommunications Asset acquisition additions, reflects seat additions to support higher projected demand. The capacity utilization rate on a combined basis was 72% in 2017, compared to 75% in 2016. This decrease was primarily due to capacity additions owing to higher projected demand and certain operational inefficiencies.
On a geographic segment basis, 45,400 seats were located in the Americas, an increase of 4,200 seats from 2016, and 7,200 seats were located in EMEA, an increase of 700 seats from 2016. The capacity utilization rate for the Americas in 2017 was 71%, compared to 74% in 2016, down primarily due to the aforementioned factors. The capacity utilization rate for EMEA in 2017 was 81%, compared to 80% in 2016. We expect to rationalize excess capacity during 2018. We strive to attain a capacity utilization of 85% at each of our locations.
Direct Salaries and Related Costs

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	 	 	  	 	
 	  	2017	 	2016	 	 	 	  	 	
(in thousands)	  	Amount	 	  	% of
    Revenues    	 	    Amount    	 	  	% of
    Revenues    	 	    $ Change    	 	  	Change
in % of
    Revenues    	
Americas	  	$	856,419	 	  	64.6%	 	$	779,183	 	  	63.8%	 	$	77,236	 	  	0.8%	
EMEA	  	 	183,371	 	  	70.5%	 	 	168,494	 	  	70.5%	 	 	14,877	 	  	0.0%	
	  	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		
Consolidated	  	$	1,039,790	 	  	65.6%	 	$	947,677	 	  	64.9%	 	$	92,113	 	  	0.7%	
	  	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		
The increase of $92.1 million in direct salaries and related costs included a positive foreign currency impact of $8.7 million in the Americas and a positive foreign currency impact of $1.1 million in EMEA.
The increase in Americas’ direct salaries and related costs, as a percentage of revenues, was primarily attributable to higher compensation costs of 0.5% and higher customer-acquisition advertising costs of 0.5% in connection with Clearlink’s operations, partially offset by lower communication costs of 0.2%.
 
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EMEA’s direct salaries and related costs, as a percentage of revenues, remained consistent and were primarily attributable to higher compensation costs of 0.4% and higher other costs of 0.4%, offset by lower fulfillment materials costs of 0.8%.
General and Administrative

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	 	 	 	 	
 	  	2017	 	2016	 	 	 	 	 	
(in thousands)	  	    Amount    	 	  	% of
    Revenues    	 	    Amount    	 	  	% of
    Revenues    	 	    $ Change    	 	 	Change
in % of
    Revenues    	
Americas	  	$	259,705	 	  	19.6%	 	$	240,739	 	  	19.7%	 	$	18,966	 	 	-0.1%	
EMEA	  	 	54,696	 	  	21.0%	 	 	46,635	 	  	19.5%	 	 	8,061	 	 	1.5%	
Other	  	 	62,462	 	  	-	 	 	64,348	 	  	-	 	 	(1,886	) 	 	-	
	  	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	 		
Consolidated	  	$	376,863	 	  	23.8%	 	$	351,722	 	  	24.1%	 	$	25,141	 	 	-0.3%	
	  	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	 		
The increase of $25.1 million in general and administrative expenses included a positive foreign currency impact of $2.7 million in the Americas and a positive foreign currency impact of $1.0 million in EMEA.
The decrease in Americas’ general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of revenues, was primarily attributable to a reduction in technology costs of 0.2% allocated from corporate and lower technology equipment and maintenance costs of 0.2%, partially offset by higher compensation costs of 0.2% and higher other costs of 0.1%.
The increase in EMEA’s general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of revenues, was primarily attributable to a gain on settlement of Qelp’s contingent consideration in the prior period of 1.1%, higher compensation costs of 0.6% and higher recruiting costs of 0.4%, partially offset by lower advertising and marketing costs of 0.3% and lower other costs of 0.3%.
The decrease of $1.9 million in Other general and administrative expenses, which includes corporate and other costs, was primarily attributable to lower merger and integration costs of $3.8 million, lower compensation costs of $2.8 million and lower other costs of $0.1 million, partially offset by a reduction in technology costs of $2.5 million allocated to the Americas, higher legal and professional fees of $0.9 million, higher severance costs of $0.8 million and higher charitable contributions of $0.6 million.
 
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Depreciation, Amortization and Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
(in thousands)	  	  Amount  	 	  	% of
  Revenues  	 	  	  Amount  	 	  	% of
  Revenues  	 	  	  $ Change  	 	 	Change
in % of
Revenues	 	
Depreciation, net:	  				  				  				  				  				 				
Americas	  	$	47,730	 	  	 	3.6%	 	  	$	  42,436	 	  	 	3.5%	 	  	$	5,294	 	 	 	0.1%    	 	
EMEA	  	 	5,211	 	  	 	2.0%	 	  	 	4,532	 	  	 	1.9%	 	  	 	679	 	 	 	0.1%    	 	
Other	  	 	3,031	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	2,045	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	986	 	 	 	-	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				  	 	 	 	  				  	 	 	 	 				
Consolidated	  	$	55,972	 	  	 	3.5%	 	  	$	49,013	 	  	 	3.4%	 	  	$	6,959	 	 	 	0.1%    	 	

Amortization of intangibles:	  				  				  				  				  				 				
Americas	  	$	20,144	 	  	 	1.5%	 	  	$	18,329	 	  	 	1.5%	 	  	$	1,815	 	 	 	0.0%    	 	
EMEA	  	 	938	 	  	 	0.4%	 	  	 	1,048	 	  	 	0.4%	 	  	 	(110	) 	 	 	0.0%    	 	
Other	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				  	 	 	 	  				  	 	 	 	 				
Consolidated	  	$	21,082	 	  	 	1.3%	 	  	$	19,377	 	  	 	1.3%	 	  	$	1,705	 	 	 	0.0%    	 	

Impairment of long-lived assets:	  				  				  				  				  				 				
Americas	  	$	5,410	 	  	 	0.4%	 	  	$	-	 	  	 	0.0%	 	  	$	5,410	 	 	 	0.4%    	 	
EMEA	  	 	-	 	  	 	0.0%	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	0.0%	 	  	 	-	 	 	 	0.0%    	 	
Other	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				  	 	 	 	  				  	 	 	 	 				
Consolidated	  	$	   5,410	 	  	 	0.3%	 	  	$	-	 	  	 	0.0%	 	  	$	  5,410	 	 	 	0.3%    	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				  	 	 	 	  				  	 	 	 	 				
The increase in depreciation was primarily due to new depreciable fixed assets placed into service supporting site expansions and infrastructure upgrades as well as the addition of depreciable fixed assets acquired in conjunction with the April 2016 Clearlink acquisition, partially offset by certain fully depreciated fixed assets.
The increase in amortization was primarily due to the addition of intangible assets acquired in conjunction with the April 2016 Clearlink acquisition, partially offset by certain fully amortized intangible assets.
See Note 4, Fair Value, of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for further information regarding the impairment of long-lived assets.
Other Income (Expense)

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	 	 	 	
(in thousands)	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	    $ Change    	 	
Interest income	  	$	696	 	 	$	607	 	 	$	89	 	

Interest (expense)	  	$	(7,689	) 	 	$	(5,570	) 	 	$	(2,119	) 	

Other income (expense), net:	  				 				 				
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses)	  	$	(548	) 	 	$	3,348	 	 	$	(3,896	) 	
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments not designated as hedges	  	 	143	 	 	 	(2,270	) 	 	 	2,413	 	
Other miscellaneous income (expense)	  	 	1,814	 	 	 	521	 	 	 	1,293	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total other income (expense), net	  	$	        1,409	 	 	$	        1,599	 	 	$	         (190)	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest income remained consistent with the prior year.
The increase in interest (expense) was primarily due to $216.0 million in borrowings used to acquire Clearlink in April 2016 as well as an increase in weighted average interest rates on outstanding borrowings, partially offset by a decrease in the interest accretion on contingent consideration.
The increase in other miscellaneous income (expense) was primarily due to the net investment income (losses) related to the investments held in rabbi trust. See Note 11, Investments Held in Rabbi Trust, of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for further information.
 
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Income Taxes

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	 	 	 	
(in thousands)	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	    $ Change    	 	
Income before income taxes	  	$	81,307	 	 	$	88,884	 	 	$	(7,577	) 	
Income taxes	  	$	49,091	 	 	$	26,494	 	 	$	22,597	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	    % Change    	 	
Effective tax rate	  	 	60.4	% 	 	 	29.8	% 	 	 	30.6	% 	
The increase in the effective tax rate in 2017 compared to 2016 is primarily due to a $32.7 million one-time mandatory deemed repatriation tax on undistributed non-U.S. earnings resulting from the 2017 Tax Reform Act. This increase in the effective tax rate was partially offset by several other factors including the recognition of $2.0 million of previously unrecognized tax benefits, inclusive of penalties and interest, $1.2 million arising from the effective settlement of the Canadian Revenue Agency audit and $0.8 million arising from other favorable audit settlements and statute of limitation expirations. Additionally, we recognized a $0.8 million benefit related to the increase in anticipated tax credits and reductions in estimated non-deferred foreign income, as well as a $0.3 million benefit for the release of a valuation allowance where it is more likely than not that the benefit will be realized. We also recognized a $0.9 million benefit resulting from the adoption of ASU 2016-09 on January 1, 2017. The effective tax rate was also affected by shifts in earnings among the various jurisdictions in which we operate. Several additional factors, none of which are individually material, also impacted the rate.
2016 Compared to 2015
Revenues

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	 	 	
 	  	2016	 	2015	 	 	 	
(in thousands)	  	 Amount 	 	  	% of
 Revenues 	 	 Amount 	 	  	% of
 Revenues 	 	 $ Change 	 	
Americas	  	$	1,220,818	 	  	83.6%	 	$	1,045,415	 	  	81.3%	 	$	175,403	 	
EMEA	  	 	239,089	 	  	16.4%	 	 	240,826	 	  	18.7%	 	 	(1,737	) 	
Other	  	 	130	 	  	0.0%	 	 	99	 	  	0.0%	 	 	31	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Consolidated	  	$	 1,460,037	 	  	100.0%	 	$	1,286,340	 	  	100.0%	 	$	  173,697	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
Consolidated revenues increased $173.7 million, or 13.5%, in 2016 from 2015.
The increase in Americas’ revenues was primarily due to Clearlink acquisition revenues of $123.3 million, higher volumes from existing clients of $92.9 million and new client sales of $8.5 million, partially offset by end-of-life client programs of $36.6 million and the negative foreign currency impact of $12.7 million. Revenues from our offshore operations represented 41.2% of Americas’ revenues, compared to 44.5% in 2015.
The decrease in EMEA’s revenues was primarily due to end-of-life client programs of $8.2 million and the negative foreign currency impact of $8.1 million, partially offset by higher volumes from existing clients of $11.0 million and new client sales of $3.6 million.
On a consolidated basis, we had 47,700 brick-and-mortar seats as of December 31, 2016, an increase of 6,600 seats from 2015. Included in this seat count are 1,300 seats associated with Clearlink. This increase in seats, net of Clearlink additions, was primarily due to seat additions to support higher projected demand. The capacity utilization rate on a combined basis was 75% in 2016, compared to 79% in 2015. This decrease was due to a significant increase in the seat count related to projected client demand.
On a geographic segment basis, 41,200 seats were located in the Americas, an increase of 6,100 seats from 2015, and 6,500 seats were located in EMEA, an increase of 500 seats from 2015. The capacity utilization rate for the Americas in 2016 was 74%, compared to 79% in 2015, down primarily due to seat additions for higher projected demand. The capacity utilization rate for EMEA in 2016 was 80%, compared to 85% in 2015, down primarily due to lower demand in certain existing clients, certain end-of-life client programs and the rationalization of seats in a highly utilized center due to a planned program expiration. We strive to attain a capacity utilization of 85% at each of our locations.
 
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Excluding Clearlink, we added 7,000 seats on a gross basis in 2016, with total seat count on a net basis for the full year increasing by 5,300 in 2016 versus 2015.
Direct Salaries and Related Costs

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	 	 	 	 	
 	  	2016	 	2015	 	 	 	 	 	
(in thousands)	  	 Amount 	 	  	% of
 Revenues 	 	 Amount 	 	  	% of
 Revenues 	 	 $ Change 	 	 	Change in
% of
 Revenues 	
Americas	  	$	779,183	 	  	63.8%	 	$	664,976	 	  	63.6%	 	$	114,207	 	 	0.2%	
EMEA	  	 	168,494	 	  	70.5%	 	 	171,540	 	  	71.2%	 	 	(3,046	) 	 	-0.7%	
	  	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	 		
Consolidated	  	$	947,677	 	  	64.9%	 	$	836,516	 	  	65.0%	 	$	111,161	 	 	-0.1%	
	  	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	 		
The increase of $111.2 million in direct salaries and related costs included a positive foreign currency impact of $13.2 million in the Americas and a positive foreign currency impact of $5.2 million in EMEA.
The increase in Americas’ direct salaries and related costs, as a percentage of revenues, was primarily attributable to higher customer-acquisition advertising costs of 2.3% in connection with Clearlink’s operations and higher recruiting costs of 0.2%, partially offset by lower compensation costs of 1.3% driven by Clearlink’s operations which has lower direct labor costs relative to our mix of business in the prior period, lower communication costs of 0.4%, lower auto tow claim costs of 0.3% and lower other costs of 0.3%.
The decrease in EMEA’s direct salaries and related costs, as a percentage of revenues, was primarily attributable to lower fulfillment materials costs of 2.2% driven by lower demand in an existing client program and lower postage costs of 0.6%, partially offset by higher compensation costs of 2.0% driven by a decrease in agent productivity principally within the technology vertical in the current period and higher other costs of 0.1%.
General and Administrative

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	 	 	 	 	
 	  	2016	 	2015	 	 	 	 	 	
(in thousands)	  	 Amount 	 	  	% of
 Revenues 	 	 Amount 	 	  	% of
 Revenues 	 	 $ Change 	 	 	Change in
% of
 Revenues 	
Americas	  	$	240,739	 	  	19.7%	 	$	193,506	 	  	18.5%	 	$	47,233	 	 	1.2%	
EMEA	  	 	46,635	 	  	19.5%	 	 	48,869	 	  	20.3%	 	 	(2,234	) 	 	-0.8%	
Other	  	 	64,348	 	  	-	 	 	55,263	 	  	-	 	 	9,085	 	 	-	
	  	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	 		
Consolidated	  	$	 351,722	 	  	24.1%	 	$	297,638	 	  	23.1%	 	$	54,084	 	 	1.0%	
	  	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	 		
The increase of $54.1 million in general and administrative expenses included a positive foreign currency impact of $3.7 million in the Americas and a positive foreign currency impact of $2.0 million in EMEA.
The increase in Americas’ general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of revenues, was primarily attributable to higher compensation costs of 0.9% and higher other costs of 0.5%, partially offset by a reduction in technology costs of 0.2% allocated from corporate.
The decrease in EMEA’s general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of revenues, was primarily attributable to a gain on settlement of Qelp’s contingent consideration of 1.1%, lower facility-related costs of 0.6% and lower other costs of 0.1%, partially offset by higher compensation costs of 0.6%, higher consulting costs of 0.2% and higher recruiting costs of 0.2%.
The increase of $9.1 million in Other general and administrative expenses, which includes corporate and other costs, was primarily attributable to higher merger and integration costs of $4.0 million, higher compensation costs of $2.6 million, a reduction in technology costs of $1.9 million allocated to the Americas, higher software maintenance costs of $0.5 million and higher consulting costs of $0.3 million, partially offset by lower other costs of $0.2 million.
 
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Depreciation and Amortization

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	  	2016	 	2015	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
(in thousands)	  	  Amount  	 	  	 % of 
  Revenues  	 	  Amount  	 	  	 % of 
  Revenues  	 	 	  $ Change  	 	 	 Change in 
 % of 
  Revenues  	 	
Depreciation, net:	  				  		 				  				 				 				
Americas	  	$	42,436	 	  	3.5%	 	$	37,842	 	  	 	3.6%	 	 	$	4,594	 	 	 	-0.1%	 	
EMEA	  	 	4,532	 	  	1.9%	 	 	4,559	 	  	 	1.9%	 	 	 	(27	) 	 	 	0.0%	 	
Other	  	 	2,045	 	  	-	 	 	1,351	 	  	 	-	 	 	 	694	 	 	 	-	 	
	  	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  				 	 	 	 	 				
Consolidated	  	$	49,013	 	  	3.4%	 	$	43,752	 	  	 	3.4%	 	 	$	5,261	 	 	 	0.0%	 	
	  	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  				 	 	 	 	 				
Amortization of intangibles:	  				  		 				  				 				 				
Americas	  	$	18,329	 	  	1.5%	 	$	13,648	 	  	 	1.3%	 	 	$	4,681	 	 	 	0.2%	 	
EMEA	  	 	1,048	 	  	0.4%	 	 	522	 	  	 	0.2%	 	 	 	526	 	 	 	0.2%	 	
Other	  	 	-	 	  	-	 	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
	  	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  				 	 	 	 	 				
Consolidated	  	$	19,377	 	  	1.3%	 	$	14,170	 	  	 	1.1%	 	 	$	5,207	 	 	 	0.2%	 	
	  	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  				 	 	 	 	 				
The increase in depreciation was primarily due to new depreciable fixed assets placed into service supporting site expansions as well as the addition of depreciable fixed assets acquired in conjunction with the April 2016 Clearlink acquisition, partially offset by certain fully depreciated fixed assets.
The increase in amortization was primarily due to the addition of intangible assets acquired in conjunction with the April 2016 Clearlink acquisition and the July 2015 Qelp acquisition, partially offset by certain fully amortized intangible assets.
Other Income (Expense)

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	 	 	 	
(in thousands)	  	      2016      	 	 	      2015      	 	 	      $ Change      	 	
Interest income	  	$	607	 	 	$	668	 	 	$	(61	) 	

Interest (expense)	  	$	(5,570	) 	 	$	(2,465	) 	 	$	(3,105	) 	

Other income (expense), net:	  				 				 				
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses)	  	$	3,348	 	 	$	(2,924	) 	 	$	6,272	 	
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments not designated as hedges	  	 	(2,270	) 	 	 	1,374	 	 	 	(3,644	) 	
Gains (losses) on liquidation of foreign subsidiaries	  	 	-	 	 	 	(647	) 	 	 	647	 	
Other miscellaneous income (expense)	  	 	521	 	 	 	(287	) 	 	 	808	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total other income (expense), net	  	$	      1,599	 	 	$	(2,484	) 	 	$	4,083	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest income remained consistent with the prior year.
The increase in interest (expense) was primarily due to $216.0 million in borrowings used to acquire Clearlink in April 2016.
The (loss) on liquidation of foreign subsidiaries in 2015 was due to the substantial liquidation of operations in a foreign entity. The increase in other miscellaneous income (expense) was primarily due to the net investment income (losses) related to the investments held in rabbi trust. See Note 11, Investments Held in Rabbi Trust, of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for further information.
 
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Income Taxes

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	 	 	 	
(in thousands)	  	      2016      	 	 	      2015      	 	 	      $ Change      	 	
Income before income taxes	  	$	88,884	 	 	$	89,983	 	 	$	(1,099	) 	
Income taxes	  	$	        26,494	 	 	$	        21,386	 	 	$	5,108	 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	% Change	 	
Effective tax rate	  	 	29.8	% 	 	 	23.8	% 	 	 	6.0	% 	
The increase in the effective tax rate in 2016 compared to 2015 is primarily due to the recognition in the prior period of a $2.2 million previously unrecognized tax benefit, inclusive of penalties and interest, arising from statute of limitations expirations and a $1.3 million reversal of a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets where it is more likely than not the assets will be realized due to the current financial position and results of operations for the current and preceding years. The increase in the effective tax rate was also affected by several additional factors, including increases in state taxation along with shifts in earnings among the various jurisdictions in which we operate, none of which are individually material.
Quarterly Results
The following information presents our unaudited quarterly operating results for 2017 and 2016. The data has been prepared on a basis consistent with the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and includes all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, that we consider necessary for a fair presentation thereof.

(in thousands, except per share data)	  	12/31/2017	 	 	9/30/2017	 	 	6/30/2017	 	 	3/31/2017	 	 	12/31/2016	 	 	9/30/2016	 	 	6/30/2016	 	 	3/31/2016	 	
Revenues	  	$	419,247	 	 	$	407,309	 	 	$	375,438	 	 	$	384,014	 	 	$	389,146	 	 	$	385,743	 	 	$	364,402	 	 	$	320,746	 	
Operating expenses:	  				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				
Direct salaries and related costs	  	 	276,466	 	 	 	267,516	 	 	 	248,643	 	 	 	247,165	 	 	 	252,821	 	 	 	249,859	 	 	 	239,442	 	 	 	205,555	 	
General and administrative (1,2,3,4)	  	 	99,199	 	 	 	93,364	 	 	 	92,246	 	 	 	92,054	 	 	 	88,922	 	 	 	87,955	 	 	 	94,335	 	 	 	80,510	 	
Depreciation, net	  	 	14,577	 	 	 	14,227	 	 	 	13,820	 	 	 	13,348	 	 	 	13,265	 	 	 	13,004	 	 	 	11,960	 	 	 	10,784	 	
Amortization of intangibles	  	 	5,308	 	 	 	5,293	 	 	 	5,250	 	 	 	5,231	 	 	 	5,233	 	 	 	5,254	 	 	 	5,263	 	 	 	3,627	 	
Impairment of long-lived assets (5)	  	 	339	 	 	 	680	 	 	 	4,189	 	 	 	202	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total operating expenses	  	 	395,889	 	 	 	381,080	 	 	 	364,148	 	 	 	358,000	 	 	 	360,241	 	 	 	356,072	 	 	 	351,000	 	 	 	300,476	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from operations	  	 	23,358	 	 	 	26,229	 	 	 	11,290	 	 	 	26,014	 	 	 	28,905	 	 	 	29,671	 	 	 	13,402	 	 	 	20,270	 	

Other income (expense):	  				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				
Interest income	  	 	228	 	 	 	169	 	 	 	144	 	 	 	155	 	 	 	178	 	 	 	135	 	 	 	141	 	 	 	153	 	
Interest (expense) (6)	  	 	(2,104	) 	 	 	(2,021	) 	 	 	(1,865	) 	 	 	(1,699	) 	 	 	(1,603	) 	 	 	(1,578	) 	 	 	(1,581	) 	 	 	(808	) 	
Other income (expense), net	  	 	(338	) 	 	 	64	 	 	 	831	 	 	 	852	 	 	 	(1,002	) 	 	 	981	 	 	 	1,067	 	 	 	553	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total other income (expense), net	  	 	(2,214	) 	 	 	(1,788	) 	 	 	(890	) 	 	 	(692	) 	 	 	(2,427	) 	 	 	(462	) 	 	 	(373	) 	 	 	(102	) 	

Income before income taxes	  	 	21,144	 	 	 	24,441	 	 	 	10,400	 	 	 	25,322	 	 	 	26,478	 	 	 	29,209	 	 	 	13,029	 	 	 	20,168	 	
Income taxes (7)	  	 	38,180	 	 	 	2,746	 	 	 	1,555	 	 	 	6,610	 	 	 	8,450	 	 	 	7,939	 	 	 	3,891	 	 	 	6,214	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	  	$	(17,036	) 	 	$	21,695	 	 	$	8,845	 	 	$	18,712	 	 	$	18,028	 	 	$	21,270	 	 	$	9,138	 	 	$	13,954	 	

Net income (loss) per common share: (8)	  				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				
Basic	  	$	(0.41	) 	 	$	0.52	 	 	$	0.21	 	 	$	0.45	 	 	$	0.43	 	 	$	0.51	 	 	$	0.22	 	 	$	0.33	 	
Diluted	  	$	(0.41	) 	 	$	0.52	 	 	$	0.21	 	 	$	0.45	 	 	$	0.43	 	 	$	0.50	 	 	$	0.22	 	 	$	0.33	 	
	  				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				
Weighted average shares:	  				 				 				 				 				 				 				 				
Basic	  	 	41,888	 	 	 	41,879	 	 	 	41,854	 	 	 	41,654	 	 	 	41,768	 	 	 	41,938	 	 	 	41,970	 	 	 	41,704	 	
Diluted	  	 	41,888	 	 	 	42,033	 	 	 	41,934	 	 	 	41,905	 	 	 	42,114	 	 	 	42,224	 	 	 	42,101	 	 	 	42,023	 	
 
(1)	The quarters ended December 31, 2017, September 30, 2017, June 30, 2017 and March 31, 2017 include $0.4 million, $0.3 million, $0.4 million and $0.1 million of acquisition-related costs, respectively, related to the Telecommunications Asset acquisition as well as another immaterial acquisition. The quarters ended December 31, 2016, September 30, 2016, June 30, 2016 and March 31, 2016 include less than $0.1 million, $0.2 million, $3.0 million and $1.4 million of Clearlink acquisition-related costs, respectively. See Note 2, Acquisitions, for further information.	
(2)	The quarters ended September 30, 2017, June 30, 2017 and March 31, 2017 include (gain) loss on contingent consideration of $0.1 million, $(0.3) million and $(0.4) million, respectively. The quarters ended December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2016 include (gain) loss on contingent consideration of $0.5 million and $(2.8) million, respectively. See Note 4, Fair Value, for further information.	
(3)	The quarters ended December 31, 2017, September 30, 2017, June 30, 2017 and March 31, 2017 include $0.2 million, $0.1 million, $0.1 million and $0.1 million of net loss on disposal of property and equipment, respectively. The quarters ended December 31, 2016, September 30, 2016 and June 30, 2016 include $0.2 million, $0.1 million and $0.1 million of net loss on disposal of property and equipment, respectively.	
(4)	The quarter ended December 31, 2016 includes a $0.2 million (gain) on the sale of fixed assets, land and building located in Morganfield, Kentucky. See Note 12, Property and Equipment, for further information.	
 
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(5)	Impairment, primarily leasehold improvements and equipment in the Americas, was related to an effort to streamline excess capacity subsequent to the Telecommunications Asset acquisition. See Note 4, Fair Value, for further information.	
(6)	The quarters ended December 31, 2016, September 30, 2016, June 30, 2016 and March 31, 2016 include less than $(0.1) million, $(0.2) million, $(0.3) million and $(0.2) million of interest accretion on contingent consideration, respectively. See Note 4, Fair Value, for further information.	
(7)	The quarter ended December 31, 2017 includes $32.7 million related to the impact of the 2017 Tax Reform Act.	
(8)	Net income (loss) per basic and diluted common share is computed independently for each of the quarters presented and, therefore, may not sum to the total for the year.	
Business Outlook
For the three months ended March 31, 2018, we anticipate the following financial results:
 
 	●	 	Revenues in the range of $407.0 million to $412.0 million;	
 	●	 	Effective tax rate of approximately 28%;	
 	●	 	Fully diluted share count of approximately 42.2 million;	
 	●	 	Diluted earnings per share in the range of $0.15 to $0.18; and	
 	●	 	Capital expenditures in the range of $13.0 million to $16.0 million	
For the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, we anticipate the following financial results:
 
 	●	 	Revenues in the range of $1,687.0 million to $1,707.0 million;	
 	●	 	Effective tax rate of approximately 21%;	
 	●	 	Fully diluted share count of approximately 42.2 million;	
 	●	 	Diluted earnings per share in the range of $1.54 to $1.67; and	
 	●	 	Capital expenditures in the range of $50.0 million to $55.0 million	
Our business outlook reflects the continuation of healthy demand trends. This demand trend spans various verticals, including financial services, technology, retail and travel. Our implied operating margin, however, reflects the impact of labor tightness and wage inflation cross-currents primarily in the U.S. that have swiftly broadened in span and scope given the changes in the economic backdrop in the U.S. spurred in party by the passage of 2017 Tax Reform Act. We continue to address the challenges in the U.S. through various measures, including shifting some existing and new client demand to either better positioned facilities, to at-home agent or to other international geographies, coupled with rationalizing excess capacity as well as negotiating price increases where feasible. Our first quarter 2018 outlook reflects the above actions and we expect operational improvements from these actions as the year progresses.
Our revenues and earnings per share assumptions for the first quarter and full year 2018 are based on foreign exchange rates as of February 2018. Therefore, the continued volatility in foreign exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the functional currencies of the markets we serve could have a further impact, positive or negative, on revenues and earnings per share relative to the business outlook for the first quarter and full-year as discussed above.
We anticipate total other interest income (expense), net of approximately $(0.7) million for the first quarter and $(3.2) million for the full year 2018. The reduction in interest expense in 2018 versus 2017 largely reflects the $175.0 million repayment of long-term debt outstanding under 2015 Credit Agreement in January 2018, partially offset by expectations of planned interest rates increases on the remaining borrowings and increased fees related to the undrawn portion of the credit facility. The amounts in the other interest income (expense), net, however, exclude the potential impact of any future foreign exchange gains or losses.
We expect a reduction in our full-year 2018 effective tax rate compared to 2017 due largely to the 2017 Tax Reform Act, which reduced U.S. corporate income tax rate to 21% from 35%.
Not included in this guidance is the impact of any future acquisitions, share repurchase activities or a potential sale of previously exited customer engagement centers.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary sources of liquidity are generally cash flows generated by operating activities and from available borrowings under our revolving credit facility. We utilize these capital resources to make capital expenditures associated primarily with our customer engagement services, invest in technology applications and tools to further develop our service offerings and for working capital and other general corporate purposes, including the repurchase of our common stock in the open market and to fund acquisitions. In future periods, we intend similar uses of these funds.
On August 18, 2011, the Board authorized us to purchase up to 5.0 million shares of our outstanding common stock (the “2011 Share Repurchase Program”). On March 16, 2016, the Board authorized an increase of 5.0 million shares to the 2011 Share Repurchase Program, for a total of 10.0 million. A total of 5.3 million shares have been repurchased under the 2011 Share Repurchase Program since inception. The shares are purchased, from time to time, through open market purchases or in negotiated private transactions, and the purchases are based on factors, including but not limited to, the stock price, management discretion and general market conditions. The 2011 Share Repurchase Program has no expiration date.
During 2017, cash increased $134.8 million from operating activities, $8.0 million from proceeds from issuance of long-term debt and $0.2 million of proceeds from grants, which was partially offset by $63.3 million used for capital expenditures, $9.1 million of cash paid for acquisitions, a $5.8 million payment of contingent consideration, a $5.1 million settlement of the net investment hedge, a $5.0 million investment in equity method investees, a $4.8 million purchase of intangible assets and $3.9 million to repurchase common stock for minimum tax withholding on equity awards, resulting in a $77.1 million increase in available cash (including the favorable effects of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents of $31.1 million).
 
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Net cash flows provided by operating activities for 2017 were $134.8 million, compared to $132.8 million in 2016. The $2.0 million increase in net cash flows from operating activities was due to a net increase of $18.5 million in cash flows from assets and liabilities and a $13.6 million increase in non-cash reconciling items such as depreciation, amortization, impairment losses and unrealized foreign currency transaction (gains) losses, net, partially offset by a $30.1 million decrease in net income. The $18.5 million increase in cash flows from assets and liabilities was principally a result of a $22.8 million decrease in accounts receivable, a $6.1 million increase in other liabilities and a $5.7 million decrease in other assets, partially offset by a $12.2 million decrease in deferred revenue and a $3.9 million increase in taxes receivable, net. The $22.8 million decrease in the change in accounts receivable was primarily due to the timing of billings and collections in 2017 over 2016.
Capital expenditures, which are generally funded by cash generated from operating activities, available cash balances and borrowings available under our credit facilities, were $63.3 million for 2017, compared to $78.3 million for 2016, a decrease of $15.0 million. In 2018, we anticipate capital expenditures in the range of $50.0 million to $55.0 million, primarily for new seat additions, facility upgrades, maintenance and systems infrastructure.
On May 12, 2015, we entered into a $440 million revolving credit facility (the “2015 Credit Agreement”) with a group of lenders and KeyBank National Association, as Lead Arranger, Sole Book Runner and Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and Issuing Lender (“KeyBank”). The 2015 Credit Agreement is subject to certain borrowing limitations and includes certain customary financial and restrictive covenants. At December 31, 2017, we were in compliance with all loan requirements of the 2015 Credit Agreement and had $275.0 million of outstanding borrowings under this facility. On April 1, 2016, we borrowed $216.0 million under the 2015 Credit Agreement in connection with the acquisition of Clearlink. See Note 2, Acquisitions, of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for further information.
In January 2018, we repaid $175.0 million of long-term debt outstanding under our 2015 Credit Agreement, primarily using funds we repatriated from our foreign subsidiaries, resulting in a remaining outstanding debt balance of $100.0 million. Our 2018 interest expense will vary based on our usage of the facility and market interest rates.
The 2015 Credit Agreement includes a $200 million alternate-currency sub-facility, a $10 million swingline sub-facility and a $35 million letter of credit sub-facility, and may be used for general corporate purposes including acquisitions, share repurchases, working capital support and letters of credit, subject to certain limitations. We are not currently aware of any inability of our lenders to provide access to the full commitment of funds that exist under the 2015 Credit Agreement, if necessary. However, there can be no assurance that such facility will be available to us, even though it is a binding commitment of the financial institutions. The 2015 Credit Agreement will mature on May 12, 2020.
Our credit agreements had an average daily utilization of $268.8 million, $222.6 million and $70.0 million during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, the related interest expense, including the commitment fee and excluding the amortization of deferred loan fees, was $6.7 million, $4.0 million and $1.3 million, respectively, which represented weighted average interest rates of 2.5%, 1.8% and 1.9%, respectively.
Borrowings under the 2015 Credit Agreement bear interest at the rates set forth in the 2015 Credit Agreement. In addition, we are required to pay certain customary fees, including a commitment fee determined quarterly based on our leverage ratio and due quarterly in arrears and calculated on the average unused amount of the 2015 Credit Agreement.
The 2015 Credit Agreement is guaranteed by all of our existing and future direct and indirect material U.S. subsidiaries and secured by a pledge of 100% of the non-voting and 65% of the voting capital stock of all of our direct foreign subsidiaries and those of the guarantors.
We received assessments for the Canadian 2003-2009 audit. Requests for Competent Authority Assistance were filed with both the Canadian Revenue Agency and the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and we paid mandatory security deposits to Canada as part of this process. The total amount of deposits was $13.8 million as of December 31, 2016 (none at December 31, 2017) and was included in “Deferred charges and other assets” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of June 30, 2017, we determined that all material aspects of the Canadian audit were effectively settled pursuant to ASC 740, Income Taxes. As a result, we recognized an income tax benefit of $1.2 million, net of the U.S. tax impact, and the deposits were netted against the anticipated liability.
 
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With the effective settlement of the Canadian audit, we have no significant tax jurisdictions under audit; however, we are currently under audit in several tax jurisdictions. We believe we are adequately reserved for the remaining audits and their resolution is not expected to have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
On April 24, 2017, we entered into a definitive Asset Purchase Agreement to purchase certain assets of a Global 2000 telecommunications services provider. The aggregate purchase price of $7.5 million was paid on May 31, 2017, using cash on hand.
As part of the April 2016 Clearlink acquisition, we assumed contingent consideration liabilities related to four separate acquisitions made by Clearlink in 2015 and 2016, prior to the Clearlink acquisition. The fair value of the contingent consideration related to these previous acquisitions was $2.8 million as of April 1, 2016 and was based on achieving targets primarily tied to revenues for varying periods of time during 2016 and 2017. As of October 31, 2017, no contingent consideration liability remained.
As part of the July 2015 Qelp acquisition, we recorded contingent consideration of $6.0 million as part of the purchase price. On September 26, 2016, we entered into an addendum to the Qelp purchase agreement with the sellers to settle the outstanding contingent consideration for EUR 4.0 million to be paid by June 30, 2017. We paid $4.4 million in May 2017 to settle the outstanding contingent consideration obligation.
As of December 31, 2017, we had $343.7 million in cash and cash equivalents, of which approximately 97.5%, or $335.1 million, was held in international operations. Most of these funds will not be subject to additional taxes if repatriated to the United States. There are circumstances where we may be unable to repatriate some of the cash and cash equivalents held by our international operations due to country restrictions.
The 2017 Tax Reform Act provides for a one-time transition tax based on our undistributed foreign earnings on which we previously had deferred U.S. income taxes. We recorded a $28.3 million provisional liability, which is net of $5.0 million of available tax credits, for our one-time transition tax, of which $3.8 million and $24.5 million were included in “Income taxes payable” and “Long-term income tax liabilities,” respectively, in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2017. This transition tax liability will be paid over the next eight years. No additional income taxes have been provided for any remaining outside basis difference inherent in these foreign subsidiaries as these amounts continue to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations.
We expect our current cash levels and cash flows from operations to be adequate to meet our anticipated working capital needs, including investment activities such as capital expenditures and debt repayment for the next twelve months and the foreseeable future. However, from time to time, we may borrow funds under our 2015 Credit Agreement as a result of the timing of our working capital needs, including capital expenditures.
Our cash resources could also be affected by various risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to, the risks detailed in Item 1A, Risk Factors.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Other
At December 31, 2017, we did not have any material commercial commitments, including guarantees or standby repurchase obligations, or any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, including entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities or variable interest entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.
From time to time, during the normal course of business, we may make certain indemnities, commitments and guarantees under which we may be required to make payments in relation to certain transactions. These include, but are not limited to: (i) indemnities to clients, vendors and service providers pertaining to claims based on negligence or willful misconduct and (ii) indemnities involving breach of contract, the accuracy of representations and warranties, or other liabilities assumed by us in certain contracts. In addition, we have agreements whereby we will indemnify certain officers and directors for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is, or was, serving at our request in such capacity. The indemnification period covers all pertinent events and occurrences during the officer’s or director’s lifetime. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited; however, we have director and officer insurance coverage that limits our exposure and enables us to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. We believe the
 
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applicable insurance coverage is generally adequate to cover any estimated potential liability under these indemnification agreements. The majority of these indemnities, commitments and guarantees do not provide for any limitation of the maximum potential for future payments we could be obligated to make. We have not recorded any liability for these indemnities, commitments and other guarantees in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. In addition, we have some client contracts that do not contain contractual provisions for the limitation of liability, and other client contracts that contain agreed upon exceptions to limitation of liability. We have not recorded any liability in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets with respect to any client contracts under which we have or may have unlimited liability.
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our contractual cash obligations at December 31, 2017, and the effect these obligations are expected to have on liquidity and cash flow in future periods (in thousands):

 	  	Payments Due By Period	 	
 	  	Total	 	  	Less Than
1 Year	 	  	1 - 3 Years	 	  	3 - 5 Years	 	  	After 5
Years	 	  	Other	 	
Operating leases (1)	  	$	243,026	 	  	$	52,518	 	  	$	82,101	 	  	$	52,482	 	  	$	55,925	 	  	$	-	 	
Purchase obligations (2)	  	 	78,199	 	  	 	51,279	 	  	 	26,792	 	  	 	128	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	
Accounts payable (3)	  	 	32,133	 	  	 	32,133	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	
Accrued employee compensation and
benefits (3)	  	 	102,893	 	  	 	102,893	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	
Income taxes payable (4)	  	 	2,606	 	  	 	2,606	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	
Other accrued expenses and current
liabilities (5)	  	 	30,710	 	  	 	30,710	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	
Long-term debt (6)	  	 	275,000	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	275,000	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	
Long-term income tax liabilities (7)	  	 	27,098	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	4,255	 	  	 	4,255	 	  	 	15,955	 	  	 	2,633	 	
Other long-term liabilities (8)	  	 	6,138	 	  	 	458	 	  	 	1,732	 	  	 	634	 	  	 	3,314	 	  	 	-	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	 $	  797,803	 	  	 $	  272,597	 	  	 $	  389,880	 	  	 $	    57,499	 	  	 $	    75,194	 	  	 $	      2,633	 	

(1)	Amounts represent the expected cash payments under our operating leases.	
(2)	Amounts represent the expected cash payments under our purchase obligations, which include agreements to purchase goods or services that are enforceable and legally binding on us and that specify all significant terms, including: fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum or variable price provisions; and the approximate timing of the transaction. Purchase obligations exclude agreements that are cancelable without penalty.	
(3)	Accounts payable and accrued employee compensation and benefits, which represent amounts due to vendors and employees payable within one year.	
(4)	Income taxes payable, which represents amounts due to taxing authorities payable within one year.	
(5)	Other accrued expenses and current liabilities, which exclude deferred grants, include amounts primarily related to restructuring costs, legal and professional fees, telephone charges, rent, derivative contracts and other accruals.	
(6)	Amount represents total outstanding borrowings. See Note 18, Borrowings, to the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements.	
(7)	Long-term income tax liabilities include amounts owed over the next eight years related to our deemed repatriation under the 2017 Tax Reform Act as well as uncertain tax positions and related penalties and interest as discussed in Note 20, Income Taxes, to the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements. We cannot make reasonably reliable estimates of the cash settlement of $2.6 million of the long-term liabilities with the taxing authority; therefore, amounts have been excluded from payments due by period.	
(8)	Other long-term liabilities, which exclude deferred income taxes and other non-cash long-term liabilities and pension obligations. See Note 23, Defined Benefit Pension Plan and Postretirement Benefits, to the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements.	
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires estimations and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
 
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We believe the following accounting policies are the most critical since these policies require significant judgment or involve complex estimations that are important to the portrayal of our financial condition and operating results. Unless we need to clarify a point to readers, we will refrain from citing specific section references when discussing the application of accounting principles or addressing new or pending accounting rule changes.
Recognition of Revenue
We recognize revenue in accordance with ASC 605 “ Revenue Recognition ”. We primarily recognize revenues from services as the services are performed, which is based on either a per minute, per call, per transaction or per time and material basis, under a fully executed contractual agreement and record reductions to revenues for contractual penalties and holdbacks for failure to meet specified minimum service levels and other performance based contingencies. Revenue recognition is limited to the amount that is not contingent upon delivery of any future product or service or meeting other specified performance conditions. Product sales, accounted for within our fulfillment services, are recognized upon shipment to the customer and satisfaction of all obligations.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts, $3.0 million as of December 31, 2017, or 0.9% of trade account receivables, for estimated losses arising from the inability of our customers to make required payments. Our estimate is based on qualitative and quantitative analyses, including credit risk measurement tools and methodologies using the publicly available credit and capital market information, a review of the current status of our trade accounts receivable and historical collection experience of our clients. It is reasonably possible that our estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts will change if the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in a reduced ability to make payments.
Income Taxes
We reduce deferred tax assets by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, both positive and negative, for each respective tax jurisdiction, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of such deferred tax assets will not be realized. Available evidence which is considered in determining the amount of valuation allowance required includes, but is not limited to, our estimate of future taxable income and any applicable tax-planning strategies. Establishment or reversal of certain valuation allowances may have a significant impact on both current and future results.
As of December 31, 2017, we determined that a total valuation allowance of $32.4 million was necessary to reduce U.S. deferred tax assets by $0.9 million and foreign deferred tax assets by $31.5 million, where it was more likely than not that some portion or all of such deferred tax assets will not be realized. The recoverability of the remaining net deferred tax asset of $0.7 million as of December 31, 2017 is dependent upon future profitability within each tax jurisdiction. As of December 31, 2017, based on our estimates of future taxable income and any applicable tax-planning strategies within various tax jurisdictions, we believe that it is more likely than not that the remaining net deferred tax assets will be realized.
On December 22, 2017, the 2017 Tax Reform Act was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Changes include, but are not limited to, a federal corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a participation exemption regime, and a one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. We have estimated our provision for income taxes in accordance with the 2017 Tax Reform Act and guidance available as of the date of this filing and as a result have recorded $32.7 million as additional income tax expense in the fourth quarter of 2017, the period in which the legislation was enacted. The $32.7 million estimate includes the provisional amount related to the one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings of $32.7 million based on cumulative foreign earnings of $531.8 million and $1.0 million of foreign withholding taxes on certain anticipated distributions. The provisional tax expense was partially offset by a provisional benefit of $1.0 million related to the remeasurement of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities, based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future.
No additional income taxes have been provided for any remaining outside basis difference inherent in these entities as these amounts continue to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations. Determining the amount of unrecognized deferred tax liability related to any remaining outside basis difference in these entities is not
 
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practicable due to the inherent complexity of the multi-national tax environment in which we operate.
On December 22, 2017, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Reform Act. In accordance with SAB 118, we have determined that the deferred tax expense recorded in connection with the remeasurement of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities and the current tax expense recorded in connection with the transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings was a provisional amount and a reasonable estimate at December 31, 2017. Additional work is necessary for a more detailed analysis of our deferred tax assets and liabilities and our historical foreign earnings as well as potential correlative adjustments. Any subsequent adjustment to these amounts will be recorded to current tax expense in the quarter of identification, but no later than one year from the enactment date.
We evaluate tax positions that have been taken or are expected to be taken in our tax returns, and record a liability for uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740. The calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations. ASC 740 contains a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. First, tax positions are recognized if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. Second, the tax position is measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. We reevaluate these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis. This evaluation is based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in facts or circumstances, changes in tax law, effectively settled issues under audit, and new audit activity. Such a change in recognition or measurement would result in the recognition of a tax benefit or an additional charge to the tax provision.
As of December 31, 2017, we had $1.3 million of unrecognized tax benefits, a net decrease of $7.2 million from $8.5 million as of December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily due to the effective settlement of the Canadian Revenue Agency audit. Had we recognized these tax benefits, approximately $1.3 million and $8.5 million and the related interest and penalties would favorably impact the effective tax rate in 2017 and 2016, respectively. We anticipate that approximately $0.4 million of the unrecognized tax benefits will be recognized in the next twelve months due to a lapse in the applicable statute of limitations.
Our provision for income taxes is subject to volatility and is impacted by the distribution of earnings in the various domestic and international jurisdictions in which we operate. Our effective tax rate could be impacted by earnings being either proportionally lower or higher in foreign countries where we have tax rates different from the U.S. tax rates. In addition, we have been granted tax holidays in several foreign tax jurisdictions, which have various expiration dates ranging from 2019 through 2028. If we are unable to renew a tax holiday in any of these jurisdictions, our effective tax rate could be adversely impacted. In some cases, the tax holidays expire without possibility of renewal. In other cases, we expect to renew these tax holidays, but there are no assurances from the respective foreign governments that they will permit a renewal. The tax holidays decreased the provision for income taxes by $3.0 million, $3.3 million and $4.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Our effective tax rate could also be affected by several additional factors, including changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets or liabilities, changing legislation, regulations, and court interpretations that impact tax law in multiple tax jurisdictions in which we operate, as well as new requirements, pronouncements and rulings of certain tax, regulatory and accounting organizations.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
We evaluate the carrying value of property and equipment and intangible assets, which had a carrying value of $301.1 million as of December 31, 2017, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An asset is considered to be impaired when the forecasted undiscounted cash flows of an asset group are estimated to be less than its carrying value. The amount of impairment recognized is the difference between the carrying value of the asset group and its fair value. Fair value estimates are based on assumptions concerning the amount and timing of estimated future cash flows and assumed discount rates. Future adverse changes in market conditions or poor operating results of the underlying investment could result in losses or an inability to recover the carrying value of the investment and, therefore, might require an impairment charge in the future.
 
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Impairment of Goodwill
We evaluate goodwill, which had a carrying value of $269.3 million as of December 31, 2017, for impairment at least annually on July 31st of each year, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. To assess the realizability of goodwill, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. We may elect to forgo this option and proceed to the quantitative goodwill impairment test.
If we elect to perform the qualitative assessment and it indicates that a significant decline to fair value of a reporting unit is more likely than not, or if a reporting unit’s fair value has historically been closer to its carrying value, or we elect to forgo this qualitative assessment, we will proceed to the quantitative goodwill impairment test where we calculate the fair value of a reporting unit based on discounted future probability-weighted cash flows. If the quantitative goodwill impairment test indicates that the carrying value of a reporting unit is in excess of its fair value, we will recognize an impairment loss for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.
We estimate fair value using discounted cash flows of the reporting units. The most significant assumptions used in these analyses are those made in estimating future cash flows. In estimating future cash flows, we use financial assumptions in our internal forecasting model such as projected capacity utilization, projected changes in the prices we charge for our services, projected labor costs, as well as contract negotiation status. The financial and credit market volatility directly impacts our fair value measurement through our weighted average cost of capital that we use to determine our discount rate. We use a discount rate we consider appropriate for the country where the services are being provided. If actual results differ substantially from the assumptions used in performing the impairment test, the fair value of the reporting units may be significantly lower, causing the carrying value to exceed the fair value and indicating an impairment has occurred.
Contingencies
We record a liability for pending litigation and claims where losses are both probable and reasonably estimable. Each quarter, management reviews all litigation and claims on a case-by-case basis and assigns probability of loss and range of loss.
Other
We have made certain other estimates that, while not involving the same degree of judgment, are important to understanding our financial statements. These estimates are in the areas of measuring our obligations related to our defined benefit plans and self-insurance accruals.
New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
See Note 1, Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the accompanying “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for information related to recent accounting pronouncements.
 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Foreign Currency Risk
Our earnings and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in currency exchange rates. We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations when subsidiaries with functional currencies other than the U.S. Dollar (“USD”) are translated into our consolidated financial statements. As exchange rates vary, those results, when translated, may vary from expectations and adversely impact profitability. The cumulative translation effects for subsidiaries using functional currencies other than USD are included in “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” in shareholders’ equity. Movements in foreign currency exchange rates may negatively or positively affect our competitive position, as exchange rate changes may affect business practices and/or pricing strategies of non-U.S. based competitors.
We employ a foreign currency risk management program that periodically utilizes derivative instruments to protect against unanticipated fluctuations in certain earnings and cash flows caused by volatility in foreign currency
 
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exchange (“FX”) rates. We also utilize derivative contracts to hedge intercompany loan receivables and payables that are denominated in a foreign currency and to hedge net investments in foreign operations.
We serve a number of U.S.-based clients using customer engagement center capacity in The Philippines and Costa Rica, which are within our Americas segment. Although a substantial portion of the costs incurred to render services under these contracts are denominated in Philippine Pesos (“PHP”) and Costa Rican Colones (“CRC”), the contracts with these clients are priced in USDs, which represent FX exposures. Additionally, our EMEA segment services clients in Hungary and Romania with a substantial portion of the costs incurred to render services under these contracts denominated in Hungarian Forints (“HUF”) and Romanian Leis (“RON”), where the contracts are priced in Euros (“EUR”).
In order to hedge a portion of our anticipated revenues denominated in USD and EUR, we had outstanding forward contracts and options as of December 31, 2017 with counterparties through March 2019 with notional amounts totaling $168.5 million. As of December 31, 2017, we had net total derivative assets associated with these contracts with a fair value of $3.3 million, which will settle within the next 15 months. If the USD was to weaken against the PHP and CRC and the EUR was to weaken against the HUF and RON by 10% from current period-end levels, we would incur a loss of approximately $15.2 million on the underlying exposures of the derivative instruments. However, this loss would be mitigated by corresponding gains on the underlying exposures.
We had forward exchange contracts with notional amounts totaling $9.3 million that are not designated as hedges. The purpose of these derivative instruments is to protect against FX volatility pertaining to intercompany receivables and payables, and other assets and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than our subsidiaries’ functional currencies. As of December 31, 2017, the fair value of these derivatives was a net asset of $0.2 million. The potential loss in fair value at December 31, 2017 for these contracts resulting from a hypothetical 10% adverse change in the foreign currency exchange rates is approximately $1.9 million. However, this loss would be mitigated by corresponding gains on the underlying exposures.
We had embedded derivative contracts with notional amounts totaling $13.5 million that are not designated as hedges. As of December 31, 2017, the fair value of these derivatives was a net liability of $0.5 million. The potential loss in fair value at December 31, 2017 for these contracts resulting from a hypothetical 10% adverse change in the foreign currency exchange rates is approximately $2.2 million. However, this loss would be mitigated by corresponding gains on the underlying exposures.
We evaluate the credit quality of potential counterparties to derivative transactions and only enter into contracts with those considered to have minimal credit risk. We periodically monitor changes to counterparty credit quality as well as our concentration of credit exposure to individual counterparties.
We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative trading purposes, nor do we hedge our foreign currency exposure in a manner that entirely offsets the effects of changes in foreign exchange rates. As a general rule, we do not use financial instruments to hedge local currency denominated operating expenses in countries where a natural hedge exists. For example, in many countries, revenue from the local currency services substantially offsets the local currency denominated operating expenses.
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to interest rate risk results from variable debt outstanding under our revolving credit facility. We pay interest on outstanding borrowings at interest rates that fluctuate based upon changes in various base rates. As of December 31, 2017, we had $275.0 million in borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility. Based on our level of variable rate debt outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2017, a one-point increase in the weighted average interest rate, which generally equals the LIBOR rate plus an applicable margin, would have had a $2.7 million impact on our results of operations. In January 2018, we repaid $175.0 million of long-term debt outstanding under our 2015 Credit Agreement, resulting in a remaining outstanding debt balance of $100.0 million. Our 2018 interest expense will vary based on our usage of the facility and market interest rates.
We have not historically used derivative instruments to manage exposure to changes in interest rates.
 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The financial statements and supplementary data required by this item are located beginning on page 51 and page 34 of this report, respectively.
 
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 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
 Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as of December 31, 2017. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2017.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
We assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017. In making this assessment, we used the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013)  issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our assessment, management believes that, as of December 31, 2017, our internal control over financial reporting was effective.
Attestation Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Our independent registered public accounting firm has issued an attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting. This report appears on page 44.
Changes to Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
 
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated
Tampa, Florida
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013)  issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013)  issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements and schedule as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017 of the Company and our report dated March 1, 2018 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and schedule.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Certified Public Accountants
Tampa, Florida
March 1, 2018
 
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 Item 9B. Other Information
None.
PART III
 Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by this Item, with the exception of information on Executive Officers which appears in this report in Item 1 under the caption “Executive Officers,” will be set forth in our Proxy Statement for the 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 and is incorporated herein by reference.
Our Board of Directors has adopted a code of ethics that applies to all of our employees, officers and directors, including our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and other executive and senior financial officers. The full text of our code of ethics is posted on the investor relations page on our website which is located at http://investor.sykes.com under the heading “Documents & Charters” of the “Corporate Governance” section. We will post any amendments to our code of ethics, or waivers of its requirements, on our website.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this Item will be set forth in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this Item will be set forth in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this Item will be set forth in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The information required by this Item will be set forth in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
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PART IV
 Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
The following documents are filed as part of this report:
Consolidated Financial Statements
The Index to Consolidated Financial Statements is set forth on page 51 of this report.
Financial Statements Schedule
Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts is set forth on page 108 of this report.
Other schedules have been omitted because they are not required or applicable or the information is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or notes thereto.
Exhibits:

Exhibit
Number	  	Exhibit Description	
		
2.1  (P)	  	Articles of Merger between Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated, a North Carolina Corporation, and Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated, a Florida Corporation, dated March 1, 1996. (Incorporated herein by reference from exhibit to Form S-1, Registration No. 333-2324.)	
		
2.2	  	Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 5, 2009, among ICT Group, Inc., Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated, SH Merger Subsidiary I, Inc., and SH Merger Subsidiary II, LLC. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 2.1 to Form 8-K filed on October 9, 2009.)	
		
2.3	  	Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 27, 2012, by and among Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated, Sykes Acquisition Subsidiary II, Inc., Alpine Access, Inc., and Shareholder Representative Services LLC. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 2.1 to Form 8-K filed on July 30, 2012.)	
		
2.4	  	Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of March 6, 2016, by and among Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated, Sykes Acquisition Corporation II, Inc., Clear Link Holdings, LLC, and Pamlico Capital Management, L.P. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 2.1 to Form 8-K filed on March 8, 2016.)	
		
3.1	  	Articles of Incorporation of Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated, as amended. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 3.1 to Form S-3, Registration No. 333-38513, filed on October 23, 1997.)	
		
3.2	  	Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated, as amended. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 3.2 to Form 10-K filed on March 29, 1999.)	
		
3.3	  	Bylaws of Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated, as amended. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 3.3 to Form 10-K filed on March  23, 2005.)	
		
3.4	  	Amendment to Bylaws of Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed on March  24, 2014.)	
		
4.1  (P)	  	Specimen certificate for the Common Stock of Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated. (Incorporated herein by reference from exhibit to Form S-1, Registration No. 333-2324.)	
		
10.1  *	  	2004 Non-Employee Directors’ Fee Plan. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q filed on August  9, 2004.)	
		
10.2  *	  	First Amended and Restated 2004 Non-Employee Director’s Fee Plan. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q filed on May 7, 2008.)	
		
10.3  *	  	Second Amended and Restated 2004 Non-Employee Director’s Fee Plan. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q filed on November 5, 2008.)	
		
10.4  *	  	Third Amended and Restated 2004 Non-Employee Director’s Fee Plan. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit “A” to the Proxy Statement filed on April 22, 2009.)	
		
10.5  *	  	Fourth Amended and Restated 2004 Non-Employee Director Fee Plan. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q filed on August 9, 2011.)	
		
10.6 *	  	Fifth Amended and Restated 2004 Non-Employee Director Fee Plan. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 1 to the Proxy Statement filed on April 17, 2012.)	
		
10.7  (P)*	  	Form of Split Dollar Plan Documents. (Incorporated herein by reference from exhibit to Form S-1, Registration No. 333-2324.)	
		
10.8  (P)*	  	Form of Split Dollar Agreement. (Incorporated herein by reference from exhibit to Form S-1, Registration No. 333-2324.)	
 
46

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Exhibit
Number	  	Exhibit Description	
		
10.9  (P)	  	Form of Indemnity Agreement between Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated and directors & executive officers. (Incorporated herein by reference from exhibit to Form S-1, Registration No. 333-2324.)	
		
10.10  *	  	2001 Equity Incentive Plan. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.32 to Form 10-Q filed on May 7, 2001.)	
		
10.11  *	  	Form of Restricted Share And Stock Appreciation Right Award Agreement dated as of March 29, 2006. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 99.1 to Form 8-K filed on April 4, 2006.)	
		
10.12  *	  	Form of Restricted Share And Bonus Award Agreement dated as of March 29, 2006. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 99.2 to Form 8-K filed on April 4, 2006.)	
		
10.13  *	  	Form of Restricted Share Award Agreement dated as of May 24, 2006. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 99.1 to Form 8-K filed on May 31, 2006.)	
		
10.14  *	  	Form of Restricted Share And Stock Appreciation Right Award Agreement dated as of January 2, 2007. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 99.1 to Form 8-K filed on December 28, 2006.)	
		
10.15  *	  	Form of Restricted Share Award Agreement dated as of January 2, 2007. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 99.2 to Form 8-K filed on December 28, 2006.)	
		
10.16  *	  	Form of Restricted Share and Stock Appreciation Right Award Agreement dated as of January 2, 2008. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 99.1 to Form 8-K filed on January 8, 2008.)	
		
10.17  *	  	2011 Equity Incentive Plan. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.17 to Form 10-K filed on February 29, 2016.)	
		
10.18  *	  	Founder’s Retirement and Consulting Agreement dated December 10, 2004 between Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated and John H. Sykes. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 99.1 to Form 8-K filed on December 16, 2004.)	
		
10.19  *	  	Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated as of December 30, 2008 between Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated and Charles E. Sykes. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.26 to Form 10-K filed on March 10, 2009.)	
		
10.20  *	  	Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated as of December 29, 2008 between Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated and Jenna R. Nelson. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.31 to Form 10-K filed on March 10, 2009.)	
		
10.21  *	  	Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated as of December 29, 2008 between Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated and James T. Holder. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.37 to Form 10-K filed on March 10, 2009.)	
		
10.22  *	  	Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated as of December 29, 2008 between Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated and William N. Rocktoff. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.38 to Form 10-K filed on March 10, 2009.)	
		
10.23  *	  	Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated as of December 29, 2008 between Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated and David L. Pearson. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.43 to Form 10-K filed on March 10, 2009.)	
		
10.24	  	Lease Agreement, dated January 25, 2008, Lease Amendment Number One and Lease Amendment Number Two dated February  12, 2008 and May 28, 2008 respectively, between Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated and Kingstree Office One, LLC. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 99.1 to Form 8-K filed on May 29, 2008.)	
		
10.25	  	Credit Agreement, dated May 12, 2015, between Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated, the lenders party thereto and KeyBank National Association, as Lead Arranger, Sole Book Runner and Administrative Agent. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on May 13, 2015.)	
		
10.26  *	  	Employment Agreement, dated as of September 13, 2012, between Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated and Lawrence R. Zingale. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 99.2 to Form 8-K filed on September 19, 2012.)	
		
10.27  *	  	Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated Deferred Compensation Plan Amended and Restated as of January 1, 2014. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.35 to Form 10-K filed on February 19, 2015.)	
		
10.28  *	  	Employment Agreement, dated as of April 15, 2014, between Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated and John Chapman. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 99.1 to Form 8-K filed on April 15, 2014.)	
		
10.29  *	  	Employment Agreement, dated as of October 29, 2014, between Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated and Andrew Blanchard. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.37 to Form 10-K filed on February 19, 2015.)	
 
47

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Exhibit
Number	  	Exhibit Description	
		
10.30  *	  	Employment Agreement, dated as of October 29, 2016, between Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated and James D. Farnsworth. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.36 to Form 10-K filed on March 1, 2017.)	
		
10.31  *	  	Amended and Restated Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated Deferred Compensation Plan, effective as of January 1, 2016. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.37 to Form 10-K filed on March 1, 2017.)	
		
10.32  *	  	First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated Deferred Compensation Plan, effective as of June 30, 2016. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.38 to Form 10-K filed on March 1, 2017.)	
		
10.33  *	  	Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated Deferred Compensation Plan, effective as of January 1, 2017. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.39 to Form 10-K filed on March 1, 2017.)	
		
10.34  *	  	Third Amendment to the Amended and Restated Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated Deferred Compensation Plan, effective as of January 1, 2017. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q filed on August 9, 2017.)	
		
10.35  *	  	Fourth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated Deferred Compensation Plan, effective as of July 1, 2017. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to Form 10-Q filed on August 9, 2017.)	
		
10.36  *	  	Amended and Restated Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated Deferred Compensation Plan, effective as of January 1, 2018. (Incorporated herein by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2017.)	
		
21.1  +	  	List of subsidiaries of Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated.	
		
23.1  +	  	Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.	
		
24.1  +	  	Power of Attorney relating to subsequent amendments (included on the signature page of this report).	
		
31.1  +	  	Certification of Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a).	
		
31.2  +	  	Certification of Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a).	
		
32.1  ++	  	Certification of Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 1350.	
		
32.2  ++	  	Certification of Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 1350.	
		
101.INS  +,#	  	XBRL Instance Document	
		
101.SCH  +,#	  	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document	
		
101.CAL  +,#	  	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document	
		
101.LAB  +,#	  	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document	
		
101.PRE +,#	  	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document	
		
101.DEF  +,#	  	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document	
		
*	  	Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.	
+	  	Filed herewith.	
++	  	Furnished herewith.	
#	  	Submitted electronically with this Annual Report.	
(P)	  	This exhibit has been paper filed and is not subject to the hyperlinking requirements of Item 601 of Regulation S-K.	
 
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 Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
Not Applicable.
 
49

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 Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Tampa, and State of Florida, on this 1 st day of March 2018.

SYKES ENTERPRISES, INCORPORATED	
(Registrant)	
		
By:	 	/s/ John Chapman	
	 	John Chapman	
	 	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	
	 	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints John Chapman his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and revocation, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this report and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or should do in person, thereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or either of them, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Signature	  	Title	  	Date	
			
/s/ James S. MacLeod
James S. MacLeod	  	Chairman of the Board	  	    March 1, 2018	
			
/s/ Charles E. Sykes
Charles E. Sykes	  	President and Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)	  	    March 1, 2018	
			
/s/ Vanessa C.L. Chang
Vanessa C.L. Chang	  	Director	  	    March 1, 2018	
			
/s/ Lt. Gen. Michael P. Delong (Ret.)
Lt. Gen. Michael P. Delong (Ret.)	  	Director	  	    March 1, 2018	
			
/s/ Carlos E. Evans
Carlos E. Evans	  	Director	  	    March 1, 2018	
			
/s/ Lorraine L. Lutton
Lorraine L. Lutton	  	Director	  	    March 1, 2018	
			
/s/ William J. Meurer
William J. Meurer	  	Director	  	    March 1, 2018	
			
/s/ William D. Muir, Jr.
William D. Muir, Jr.	  	Director	  	    March 1, 2018	
			
/s/ Paul L. Whiting
Paul L. Whiting	  	Director	  	    March 1, 2018	
			
/s/ John Chapman
John Chapman	  	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	  	    March 1, 2018	
 
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 Table of Contents

	  	 	Page No.	 	
		
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	  	 	52	 	
		
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016	  	 	53	 	
		
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December  31, 2017, 2016 and 2015	  	 	54	 	
		
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015	  	 	55	 	
		
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015	  	 	56	 	
		
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December  31, 2017, 2016 and 2015	  	 	57	 	
		
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	  	 	59	 	
 
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 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated
Tampa, Florida
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013)  issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 1, 2018, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Certified Public Accountants
Tampa, Florida
March 1, 2018
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2001.
 
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SYKES ENTERPRISES, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
 Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except per share data)	  	December 31, 2017	 	 	December 31, 2016	 	
Assets	  				 				
Current assets:	  				 				
Cash and cash equivalents	  	$	343,734	 	 	$	266,675	 	
Receivables, net	  	 	341,958	 	 	 	318,558	 	
Prepaid expenses	  	 	22,132	 	 	 	21,973	 	
Other current assets	  	 	19,743	 	 	 	16,030	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current assets	  	 	727,567	 	 	 	623,236	 	
Property and equipment, net	  	 	160,790	 	 	 	156,214	 	
Goodwill, net	  	 	269,265	 	 	 	265,404	 	
Intangibles, net	  	 	140,277	 	 	 	153,055	 	
Deferred charges and other assets	  	 	29,193	 	 	 	38,494	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	  	$	1,327,092	 	 	$	1,236,403	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity	  				 				
Current liabilities:	  				 				
Accounts payable	  	$	32,133	 	 	$	29,163	 	
Accrued employee compensation and benefits	  	 	102,899	 	 	 	92,552	 	
Income taxes payable	  	 	2,606	 	 	 	4,487	 	
Deferred revenue	  	 	34,717	 	 	 	38,736	 	
Other accrued expenses and current liabilities	  	 	30,888	 	 	 	37,919	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current liabilities	  	 	203,243	 	 	 	202,857	 	
Deferred grants	  	 	3,233	 	 	 	3,761	 	
Long-term debt	  	 	275,000	 	 	 	267,000	 	
Long-term income tax liabilities	  	 	27,098	 	 	 	19,326	 	
Other long-term liabilities	  	 	22,039	 	 	 	18,937	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total liabilities	  	 	530,613	 	 	 	511,881	 	

Commitments and loss contingency (Note 22)	  				 				
	  				 				
Shareholders’ equity:	  				 				
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, 10,000 shares authorized;
no shares issued and outstanding	  	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share, 200,000 shares authorized; 42,899 and 42,895 shares issued, respectively	  	 	429	 	 	 	429	 	
Additional paid-in capital	  	 	282,385	 	 	 	281,357	 	
Retained earnings	  	 	546,843	 	 	 	518,611	 	
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	  	 	(31,104	) 	 	 	(67,027	) 	
Treasury stock at cost: 117 and 362 shares, respectively	  	 	(2,074	) 	 	 	(8,848	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total shareholders’ equity	  	 	796,479	 	 	 	724,522	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	  	$	1,327,092	 	 	$	1,236,403	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
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SYKES ENTERPRISES, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
 Consolidated Statements of Operations

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
(in thousands, except per share data)	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Revenues	  	$	    1,586,008	 	 	$	    1,460,037	 	 	$	    1,286,340	 	
Operating expenses:	  				 				 				
Direct salaries and related costs	  	 	1,039,790	 	 	 	947,677	 	 	 	836,516	 	
General and administrative	  	 	376,863	 	 	 	351,722	 	 	 	297,638	 	
Depreciation, net	  	 	55,972	 	 	 	49,013	 	 	 	43,752	 	
Amortization of intangibles	  	 	21,082	 	 	 	19,377	 	 	 	14,170	 	
Impairment of long-lived assets	  	 	5,410	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total operating expenses	  	 	1,499,117	 	 	 	1,367,789	 	 	 	1,192,076	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from operations	  	 	86,891	 	 	 	92,248	 	 	 	94,264	 	

Other income (expense):	  				 				 				
Interest income	  	 	696	 	 	 	607	 	 	 	668	 	
Interest (expense)	  	 	(7,689	) 	 	 	(5,570	) 	 	 	(2,465	) 	
Other income (expense), net	  	 	1,409	 	 	 	1,599	 	 	 	(2,484	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total other income (expense), net	  	 	(5,584	) 	 	 	(3,364	) 	 	 	(4,281	) 	

Income before income taxes	  	 	81,307	 	 	 	88,884	 	 	 	89,983	 	
Income taxes	  	 	49,091	 	 	 	26,494	 	 	 	21,386	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	  	$	32,216	 	 	$	62,390	 	 	$	68,597	 	

Net income per common share:	  				 				 				
Basic	  	$	0.77	 	 	$	1.49	 	 	$	1.64	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Diluted	  	$	0.76	 	 	$	1.48	 	 	$	1.62	 	

Weighted average common shares outstanding:	  				 				 				
Basic	  	 	41,822	 	 	 	41,847	 	 	 	41,899	 	
Diluted	  	 	42,141	 	 	 	42,239	 	 	 	42,447	 	
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
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SYKES ENTERPRISES, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Net income	  	$	32,216	 	 	$	62,390	 	 	$	68,597	 	
	  				 				 				
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes:	  				 				 				
Foreign currency translation gain (loss), net of taxes	  	 	36,078	 	 	 	(13,792	) 	 	 	(36,525	) 	
Unrealized gain (loss) on net investment hedges, net of taxes	  	 	(5,220	) 	 	 	2,096	 	 	 	3,894	 	
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedging instruments, net of taxes	  	 	4,696	 	 	 	(1,698	) 	 	 	(416	) 	
Unrealized actuarial gain (loss) related to pension liability, net of taxes	  	 	449	 	 	 	96	 	 	 	21	 	
Unrealized gain (loss) on postretirement obligation, net of taxes	  	 	(80	) 	 	 	(67	) 	 	 	(75	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes	  	 	35,923	 	 	 	(13,365	) 	 	 	(33,101	) 	

Comprehensive income (loss)	  	$	          68,139	 	 	$	          49,025	 	 	$	          35,496	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
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SYKES ENTERPRISES, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

 	 	Common Stock	 	 	Additional	 	 	 	 	 	Accumulated
Other	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
(in thousands)	 	Shares
Issued	 	 	Amount	 	 	Paid-in
Capital	 	 	Retained
Earnings	 	 	Comprehensive
Income (Loss)	 	 	Treasury Stock	 	 	Total	 	
Balance at January 1, 2015	 	 	43,291	 	 	$	433	 	 	$	279,288	 	 	$	400,514	 	 	$	(20,561	) 	 	$	(1,456	) 	 	$	658,218	 	
Stock-based compensation expense	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	8,749	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	8,749	 	
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	422	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	422	 	
Issuance of common stock under equity award plans, net of forfeitures	 	 	477	 	 	 	5	 	 	 	166	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(171	) 	 	 	-	 	
Shares repurchased for tax withholding on equity awards	 	 	(129	) 	 	 	(1	) 	 	 	(3,325	) 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(3,326	) 	
Repurchase of common stock	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(20,879	) 	 	 	(20,879	) 	
Retirement of treasury stock	 	 	(854	) 	 	 	(9	) 	 	 	(9,920	) 	 	 	(10,786	) 	 	 	-	 	 	 	20,715	 	 	 	-	 	
Comprehensive income (loss)	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	68,597	 	 	 	(33,101	) 	 	 	-	 	 	 	35,496	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2015	 	 	42,785	 	 	 	428	 	 	 	275,380	 	 	 	458,325	 	 	 	(53,662	) 	 	 	(1,791	) 	 	 	678,680	 	
Stock-based compensation expense	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	10,779	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	10,779	 	
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	2,098	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	2,098	 	
Issuance of common stock under equity award plans, net of forfeitures	 	 	425	 	 	 	4	 	 	 	190	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(194	) 	 	 	-	 	
Shares repurchased for tax withholding on equity awards	 	 	(169	) 	 	 	(2	) 	 	 	(4,914	) 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(4,916	) 	
Repurchase of common stock	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(11,144	) 	 	 	(11,144	) 	
Retirement of treasury stock	 	 	(146	) 	 	 	(1	) 	 	 	(2,176	) 	 	 	(2,104	) 	 	 	-	 	 	 	4,281	 	 	 	-	 	
Comprehensive income (loss)	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	62,390	 	 	 	(13,365	) 	 	 	-	 	 	 	49,025	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2016	 	 	42,895	 	 	 	429	 	 	 	281,357	 	 	 	518,611	 	 	 	(67,027	) 	 	 	(8,848	) 	 	 	724,522	 	
Cumulative effect of accounting change	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	232	 	 	 	(153	) 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	79	 	
Stock-based compensation expense	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	7,621	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	7,621	 	
Issuance of common stock under equity award plans, net of forfeitures	 	 	386	 	 	 	4	 	 	 	250	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(254	) 	 	 	-	 	
Shares repurchased for tax withholding on equity awards	 	 	(132	) 	 	 	(1	) 	 	 	(3,881	) 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(3,882	) 	
Retirement of treasury stock	 	 	(250	) 	 	 	(3	) 	 	 	(3,194	) 	 	 	(3,831	) 	 	 	-	 	 	 	7,028	 	 	 	-	 	
Comprehensive income (loss)	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	32,216	 	 	 	35,923	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	68,139	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2017	 	 	42,899	 	 	$	429	 	 	$	282,385	 	 	$	546,843	 	 	$	(31,104	) 	 	$	(2,074	) 	 	$	796,479	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
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SYKES ENTERPRISES, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Cash flows from operating activities:	  				 				 				
Net income	  	$	        32,216	 	 	$	        62,390	 	 	$	        68,597	 	
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:	  				 				 				
Depreciation	  	 	56,482	 	 	 	49,600	 	 	 	44,515	 	
Amortization of intangibles	  	 	21,082	 	 	 	19,377	 	 	 	14,170	 	
Amortization of deferred grants	  	 	(716	) 	 	 	(845	) 	 	 	(973	) 	
Impairment losses	  	 	5,410	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
Unrealized foreign currency transaction (gains) losses, net	  	 	(4,671	) 	 	 	(1,104	) 	 	 	318	 	
Stock-based compensation expense	  	 	7,621	 	 	 	10,779	 	 	 	8,749	 	
Deferred income tax provision (benefit)	  	 	7,908	 	 	 	2,339	 	 	 	2,515	 	
Net (gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment	  	 	474	 	 	 	314	 	 	 	381	 	
Write-downs (recoveries) of value added tax receivables	  	 	-	 	 	 	(148	) 	 	 	-	 	
Unrealized (gains) losses and premiums on financial instruments, net	  	 	(98	) 	 	 	521	 	 	 	1,028	 	
Foreign exchange (gain) loss on liquidation of foreign entities	  	 	(80	) 	 	 	(25	) 	 	 	720	 	
Amortization of deferred loan fees	  	 	269	 	 	 	269	 	 	 	403	 	
Net (gain) on insurance settlement	  	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(919	) 	
Proceeds from business interruption insurance settlement	  	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	156	 	
Imputed interest expense and fair value adjustments to contingent consideration	  	 	(529	) 	 	 	(1,496	) 	 	 	408	 	
Other	  	 	46	 	 	 	(12	) 	 	 	172	 	
				
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:	  				 				 				
Receivables	  	 	(10,154	) 	 	 	(32,905	) 	 	 	2,499	 	
Prepaid expenses	  	 	(221	) 	 	 	(3,587	) 	 	 	(3,040	) 	
Other current assets	  	 	(1,433	) 	 	 	(3,398	) 	 	 	(6,972	) 	
Deferred charges and other assets	  	 	(930	) 	 	 	(1,286	) 	 	 	1,951	 	
Accounts payable	  	 	7,286	 	 	 	(2,938	) 	 	 	(124	) 	
Income taxes receivable / payable	  	 	1,137	 	 	 	4,999	 	 	 	(5,666	) 	
Accrued employee compensation and benefits	  	 	5,101	 	 	 	15,699	 	 	 	(1,481	) 	
Other accrued expenses and current liabilities	  	 	(5,548	) 	 	 	5,090	 	 	 	(1,564	) 	
Deferred revenue	  	 	(5,866	) 	 	 	6,343	 	 	 	(2,559	) 	
Other long-term liabilities	  	 	20,003	 	 	 	2,850	 	 	 	(2,398	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by operating activities	  	 	134,789	 	 	 	132,826	 	 	 	120,886	 	

Cash flows from investing activities:	  				 				 				
Capital expenditures	  	 	(63,344	) 	 	 	(78,342	) 	 	 	(49,662	) 	
Cash paid for business acquisitions, net of cash acquired	  	 	(9,075	) 	 	 	(205,324	) 	 	 	(9,370	) 	
Proceeds from property and equipment insurance settlement	  	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	1,490	 	
Net investment hedge settlement	  	 	(5,122	) 	 	 	10,339	 	 	 	-	 	
Purchase of intangible assets	  	 	(4,825	) 	 	 	(10	) 	 	 	-	 	
Investment in equity method investees	  	 	(5,012	) 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
Other	  	 	19	 	 	 	488	 	 	 	584	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash (used for) investing activities	  	 	(87,359	) 	 	 	(272,849	) 	 	 	(56,958	) 	

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SYKES ENTERPRISES, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Continued)

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Cash flows from financing activities:	  				 				 				
Payments of long-term debt	  	 	-	 	 	 	(19,000	) 	 	 	(10,000	) 	
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	  	 	8,000	 	 	 	216,000	 	 	 	5,000	 	
Cash paid for repurchase of common stock	  	 	-	 	 	 	(11,144	) 	 	 	(20,879	) 	
Proceeds from grants	  	 	163	 	 	 	202	 	 	 	670	 	
Payments of short-term debt	  	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(323	) 	
Shares repurchased for tax withholding on equity awards	  	 	(3,882	) 	 	 	(4,916	) 	 	 	(3,326	) 	
Cash paid for loan fees related to long-term debt	  	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(962	) 	
Payments of contingent consideration related to acquisitions	  	 	(5,760	) 	 	 	(1,396	) 	 	 	-	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	  	 	(1,479	) 	 	 	179,746	 	 	 	(29,820	) 	

Effects of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents	  	 	31,108	 	 	 	(8,406	) 	 	 	(13,887	) 	

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	  	 	77,059	 	 	 	31,317	 	 	 	20,221	 	
	  				 				 				
Cash and cash equivalents – beginning	  	 	266,675	 	 	 	235,358	 	 	 	215,137	 	

Cash and cash equivalents – ending	  	$	        343,734	 	 	$	        266,675	 	 	$	        235,358	 	

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:	  				 				 				
Cash paid during period for interest	  	$	6,680	 	 	$	4,003	 	 	$	1,476	 	
Cash paid during period for income taxes	  	$	24,342	 	 	$	18,764	 	 	$	30,467	 	
	  				 				 				
Non-cash transactions:	  				 				 				
Property and equipment additions in accounts payable	  	$	6,056	 	 	$	10,692	 	 	$	4,941	 	
Unrealized gain (loss) on postretirement obligation in
accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	  	$	(80	) 	 	$	(67	) 	 	$	(75	) 	
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
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SYKES ENTERPRISES, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1. Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Business — Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated and consolidated subsidiaries (“SYKES” or the “Company”) is a leading provider of multichannel demand generation and global customer engagement services. SYKES provides differentiated full lifecycle customer engagement solutions and services to Global 2000 companies and their end customers primarily within the communications, financial services, technology, transportation and leisure, healthcare, retail and other industries. SYKES primarily provides customer engagement solutions and services with an emphasis on inbound multichannel demand generation, customer service and technical support to its clients’ customers. Utilizing SYKES’ integrated onshore/offshore global delivery model, SYKES provides its services through multiple communication channels including phone, e-mail, social media, text messaging, chat and digital self-service. SYKES also provides various enterprise support services in the United States that include services for its clients’ internal support operations, from technical staffing services to outsourced corporate help desk services. In Europe, SYKES also provides fulfillment services, which includes order processing, payment processing, inventory control, product delivery and product returns handling. The Company has operations in two reportable segments entitled (1) the Americas, which includes the United States, Canada, Latin America, Australia and the Asia Pacific Rim, in which the client base is primarily companies in the United States that are using the Company’s services to support their customer management needs; and (2) EMEA, which includes Europe, the Middle East and Africa.
U.S. 2017 Tax Reform Act
On December 20, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 Tax Reform Act”) was approved by Congress and received presidential approval on December 22, 2017. In general, the 2017 Tax Reform Act reduces the United States (“U.S.”) corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective in 2018. The 2017 Tax Reform Act moves from a worldwide business taxation approach to a participation exemption regime. The 2017 Tax Reform Act also imposes base-erosion prevention measures on non-U.S. earnings of U.S. entities, as well as a one-time mandatory deemed repatriation tax on accumulated non-U.S. earnings. The 2017 Tax Reform Act will have an impact on the consolidated financial results beginning with the fourth quarter of 2017, the period of enactment. This impact, along with the transitional taxes discussed in Note 20, Income Taxes, is reflected in the Other segment.
Acquisitions
On May 31, 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of certain assets of a Global 2000 telecommunications services provider, pursuant to a definitive Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) entered into on April 24, 2017 (the “Telecommunications Asset acquisition”). The Company has reflected the Telecommunications Asset acquisition’s results in the Consolidated Financial Statements since May 31, 2017. See Note 2, Acquisitions, for additional information on the acquisition.
In April 2016, the Company completed the acquisition of Clear Link Holdings, LLC (“Clearlink”), pursuant to a definitive Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), dated March 6, 2016. The Company has reflected Clearlink’s results in the Consolidated Financial Statements since April 1, 2016. See Note 2, Acquisitions, for additional information on the acquisition.
In July 2015, the Company completed the acquisition of Qelp B.V. and its subsidiary (together, known as “Qelp”), pursuant to a definitive Share Sale and Purchase Agreement, dated July 2, 2015. The Company has reflected Qelp’s results in the Consolidated Financial Statements since July 2, 2015. See Note 2, Acquisitions, for additional information on the acquisition.
Principles of Consolidation — The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SYKES and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and controlled majority-owned subsidiaries. Investments in less than majority-owned subsidiaries in which the Company does not have a controlling interest, but does have significant influence, are accounted for as equity method investments. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates — The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“generally accepted accounting principles” or “U.S. GAAP”) requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities
 
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and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Subsequent Events — Subsequent events or transactions have been evaluated through the date and time of issuance of the consolidated financial statements. On January 12, 2018, the Company repaid $175.0 million of long-term debt outstanding under its 2015 Credit Agreement. See Note 28, Subsequent Event, for further information. There were no other material subsequent events that required recognition or disclosure in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Recognition of Revenue — The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605, Revenue Recognition (“ASC 605”). The Company primarily recognizes revenues from services as the services are performed, which is based on either a per minute, per call, per transaction or per time and material basis, under a fully executed contractual agreement and record reductions to revenues for contractual penalties and holdbacks for failure to meet specified minimum service levels and other performance based contingencies. Revenue recognition is limited to the amount that is not contingent upon delivery of any future product or service or meeting other specified performance conditions. Product sales, accounted for within our fulfillment services, are recognized upon shipment to the customer and satisfaction of all obligations.
Cash and Cash Equivalents — Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and highly liquid short-term investments. Cash in the amount of $343.7 million and $266.7 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, was primarily held in non-interest bearing investments, which have original maturities of less than 90 days. Cash and cash equivalents of $335.1 million and $243.8 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, were held in international operations. Most of these funds will not be subject to additional taxes if repatriated to the United States. There are circumstances where the Company may be unable to repatriate some of the cash and cash equivalents held by its international operations due to country restrictions.
Restricted Cash — Restricted cash includes cash whereby the Company’s ability to use the funds at any time is contractually limited or is generally designated for specific purposes arising out of certain contractual or other obligations. Restricted cash is included in “Other current assets” and “Deferred charges and other assets” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts — The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts on trade account receivables for estimated losses arising from the inability of its customers to make required payments. The Company’s estimate is based on qualitative and quantitative analyses, including credit risk measurement tools and methodologies using the publicly available credit and capital market information, a review of the current status of the Company’s trade accounts receivable and historical collection experience of the Company’s clients. It is reasonably possible that the Company’s estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts will change if the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate, resulting in a reduced ability to make payments.
Property and Equipment — Property and equipment is recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Improvements to leased premises are amortized over the shorter of the related lease term or the estimated useful lives of the improvements. Cost and related accumulated depreciation on assets retired or disposed of are removed from the accounts and any resulting gains or losses are credited or charged to income. The Company capitalizes certain costs incurred, if any, to internally develop software upon the establishment of technological feasibility. Costs incurred prior to the establishment of technological feasibility are expensed as incurred.
The carrying value of property and equipment to be held and used is evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable in accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment . For purposes of recognition and measurement of an impairment loss, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are identifiable cash flows (the “asset group”). An asset is considered to be impaired when the sum of the undiscounted future net cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition does not exceed its carrying amount. The amount of the impairment loss, if any, is measured as the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its estimated fair value, which is generally determined based on appraisals or sales prices of comparable assets or independent third party offers. Occasionally, the Company redeploys property and equipment from under-utilized centers to other locations to improve capacity utilization if it is determined that the related undiscounted future cash flows in the under-utilized centers would not be sufficient to recover the carrying amount of these assets. Other than what has been disclosed in Note 4, Fair Value, the Company determined that its property and equipment was not impaired as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.
 
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Rent Expense — The Company has entered into operating lease agreements, some of which contain provisions for future rent increases, rent free periods, or periods in which rent payments are reduced. The total amount of the rental payments due over the lease term is being charged to rent expense on the straight-line method over the term of the lease in accordance with ASC 840, Leases.
Goodwill — The Company accounts for goodwill and other intangible assets under ASC 350, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other (“ASC 350”). The Company expects to receive future benefits from previously acquired goodwill over an indefinite period of time. For goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives not subject to amortization, the Company reviews goodwill and intangible assets for impairment at least annually in the third quarter, and more frequently in the presence of certain circumstances. The Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. The Company may elect to forgo this option and proceed to the quantitative goodwill impairment test. If the Company elects to perform the qualitative assessment and it indicates that a significant decline to fair value of a reporting unit is more likely than not, or if a reporting unit’s fair value has historically been closer to its carrying value, or the Company elects to forgo this qualitative assessment, the Company will proceed to the quantitative goodwill impairment test where the fair value of a reporting unit is calculated based on discounted future probability-weighted cash flows. If the quantitative goodwill impairment test indicates that the carrying value of a reporting unit is in excess of its fair value, the Company will recognize an impairment loss for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.
Intangible Assets — Definite-lived intangible assets, primarily customer relationships, are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives which approximate the pattern in which the economic benefits of the assets are consumed. The Company periodically evaluates the recoverability of intangible assets and takes into account events or changes in circumstances that warrant revised estimates of useful lives or that indicate that impairment exists. Fair value for intangible assets is based on discounted cash flows, market multiples and/or appraised values, as appropriate.
Income Taxes — The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”) which requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities to reflect tax consequences of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, both positive and negative, for each respective tax jurisdiction, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized in accordance with the criteria of ASC 740. Valuation allowances are established against deferred tax assets due to an uncertainty of realization. Valuation allowances are reviewed each period on a tax jurisdiction by tax jurisdiction basis to analyze whether there is sufficient positive or negative evidence, in accordance with criteria of ASC 740, to support a change in judgment about the ability to realize the related deferred tax assets. Uncertainties regarding expected future income in certain jurisdictions could affect the realization of deferred tax assets in those jurisdictions.
The Company evaluates tax positions that have been taken or are expected to be taken in its tax returns, and records a liability for uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740. ASC 740 contains a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. First, tax positions are recognized if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. Second, the tax position is measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Self-Insurance Programs — The Company self-insures for certain levels of workers’ compensation and self-funds the medical, prescription drug and dental benefit plans in the United States. Estimated costs are accrued at the projected settlements for known and anticipated claims. Amounts related to these self-insurance programs are included in “Accrued employee compensation and benefits” and “Other long-term liabilities” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Deferred Grants — Recognition of income associated with grants for land and the acquisition of property, buildings and equipment (together, “property grants”) is deferred until after the completion and occupancy of the building and title has passed to the Company, and the funds have been released from escrow. The deferred amounts for both land and building are amortized and recognized as a reduction of depreciation expense over the corresponding useful lives of the related assets. Amounts received in excess of the cost of the building are allocated to the cost of
 
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equipment and, only after the grants are released from escrow, recognized as a reduction of depreciation expense over the weighted average useful life of the related equipment, which approximates five years. Upon sale of the related facilities, any deferred grant balance is recognized in full and is included in the gain on sale of property and equipment.
The Company receives government employment grants as an incentive to create and maintain permanent employment positions for a specified time period. These grants are repayable, under certain terms and conditions, if the Company’s relevant employment levels do not meet or exceed the employment levels set forth in the grant agreements. Accordingly, grant monies received are deferred and amortized primarily as a reduction to “Direct salaries and related costs” using the proportionate performance model over the required employment period.
The Company receives government lease grants as an incentive for leasing space at specific locations or locating engagement centers in a government’s jurisdiction. These grants are repayable, under certain terms and conditions, as set forth in the grant agreements. Accordingly, grant monies received are deferred and amortized primarily as a reduction to rent expense included in “General and administrative” over the required lease period.
Deferred Revenue — The Company receives up-front fees in connection with certain contracts. The deferred revenue is earned over the service periods of the respective contracts, which range from 30 days to seven years. Deferred revenue included in current liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets includes the up-front fees associated with services to be provided over the ensuing twelve month period and the up-front fees associated with services to be provided over multiple years in connection with contracts that contain cancellation and refund provisions, whereby the manufacturers or customers can terminate the contracts and demand pro-rata refunds of the up-front fees with short notice. Deferred revenue from estimated penalties and holdbacks results from the failure to meet specified minimum service levels in certain contracts and other performance based contingencies. Deferred revenue from estimated chargebacks reflects the right of certain of the Company’s clients to chargeback accounts that do not meet certain requirements for specified periods after a sale has occurred.
Investments in Equity Method Investees — The Company uses the equity method to account for investments in companies if the investment provides the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over operating and financial policies of the investee. The Company’s proportionate share of the net income or loss of an equity method investment is included in consolidated net income. Judgment regarding the level of influence over an equity method investment includes considering key factors such as the Company’s ownership interest, representation on the board of directors, participation in policy-making decisions and material intercompany transactions.
The Company evaluates an equity method investment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investment might not be recoverable. Factors considered by the Company when reviewing an equity method investment for impairment include the length of time (duration) and the extent (severity) to which the fair value of the equity method investment has been less than cost, the investee’s financial condition and near-term prospects, and the intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for anticipated recovery. An impairment that is other-than-temporary is recognized in the period identified. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not identify any instances where the carrying values of its equity method investments were not recoverable.
In July 2017, the Company made a strategic investment of $10.0 million in XSell Technologies, Inc. (“XSell”) for 32.8% of XSell’s preferred stock. The Company plans to incorporate XSell’s machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms into its business. The Company believes this will increase the sales performance of its agents to drive revenue for its clients, improve the experience of the Company’s clients’ end customers and enhance brand loyalty, reduce the cost of customer care and leverage analytics and machine learning to source the best agents and improve their performance.
The Company’s net investment in XSell of $9.8 million was included in “Deferred charges and other assets” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2017. The Company paid $5.0 million in July 2017 with the remaining $5.0 million included in “Other accrued expenses and current liabilities” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2017. The Company’s proportionate share of XSell’s income (loss) of $(0.1) million was included in “Other income (expense), net” in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Customer-Acquisition Advertising Costs — The Company utilizes direct-response advertising the primary purpose of which is to elicit purchases from its clients’ customers. These costs are capitalized when they are expected to result in probable future benefits and are amortized over the period during which future benefits are expected to be
 
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received, which is generally less than one month. All other advertising costs are expensed as incurred. The Company had less than $0.1 million of capitalized direct-response advertising costs included in “Prepaid expenses” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of both December 31, 2017 and 2016. Total advertising costs included in “Direct salaries and related costs” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $36.7 million and $28.1 million, respectively (none in 2015). Total advertising costs included in “General and administrative” in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 were $0.1 million (none in 2016 or 2015).
Stock-Based Compensation — The Company has three stock-based compensation plans: the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (for employees and certain non-employees), the Non-Employee Director Fee Plan (for non-employee directors), both approved by the shareholders, and the Deferred Compensation Plan (for certain eligible employees). All of these plans are discussed more fully in Note 24, Stock-Based Compensation. Stock-based awards under these plans may consist of common stock, stock options, cash-settled or stock-settled stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and other stock-based awards. The Company issues common stock and uses treasury stock to satisfy stock option exercises or vesting of stock awards.
In accordance with ASC 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”), the Company recognizes in its accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations the grant-date fair value of stock options and other equity-based compensation issued to employees and directors. Compensation expense for equity-based awards is recognized over the requisite service period, usually the vesting period, while compensation expense for liability-based awards (those usually settled in cash rather than stock) is re-measured to fair value at each balance sheet date until the awards are settled.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments — The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value:
 
 	•	 	Cash, short-term and other investments, investments held in rabbi trust and accounts payable — The carrying values for cash, short-term and other investments, investments held in rabbi trust and accounts payable approximate their fair values.	
 	•	 	Foreign currency forward contracts and options — Foreign currency forward contracts and options, including premiums paid on options, are recognized at fair value based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments or, if none are available, on pricing models or formulas using current market and model assumptions, including adjustments for credit risk.	
 	•	 	Embedded derivatives — Embedded derivatives within certain hybrid lease agreements are bifurcated from the host contract and recognized at fair value based on pricing models or formulas using significant unobservable inputs, including adjustments for credit risk.	
 	•	 	Long-term debt — The carrying value of long-term debt approximates its estimated fair value.	
 	•	 	Contingent consideration — Contingent consideration is recognized at fair value based on the discounted cash flow method.	
Fair Value Measurements — ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”) defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820-10-20 clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants.
ASC 825, Financial Instruments (“ASC 825”) permits an entity to measure certain financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings each period. The Company has not elected to use the fair value option permitted under ASC 825 for any of its financial assets and financial liabilities that are not already recorded at fair value.
 
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A description of the Company’s policies regarding fair value measurement is summarized below.
Fair Value Hierarchy — ASC 820-10-35 requires disclosure about how fair value is determined for assets and liabilities and establishes a hierarchy for which these assets and liabilities must be grouped, based on significant levels of observable or unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. This hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available. These two types of inputs have created the following fair value hierarchy:
 
 	•	 	Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.	
 	•	 	Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets.	
 	•	 	Level 3 — Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable .	
Determination of Fair Value — The Company generally uses quoted market prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access to determine fair value, and classifies such items in Level 1. Fair values determined by Level 2 inputs utilize inputs other than quoted market prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted market prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, and inputs other than quoted market prices that are observable for the asset or liability. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability.
If quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed valuation techniques that use, where possible, current market-based or independently sourced market parameters, such as interest rates, currency rates, etc. Assets or liabilities valued using such internally generated valuation techniques are classified according to the lowest level input or value driver that is significant to the valuation. Thus, an item may be classified in Level 3 even though there may be some significant inputs that are readily observable.
The following section describes the valuation methodologies used by the Company to measure assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis, including an indication of the level in the fair value hierarchy in which each asset or liability is generally classified.
Money market and open-end mutual funds — The Company uses quoted market prices in active markets to determine the fair value. These items are classified in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
Foreign currency forward contracts and options — The Company enters into foreign currency forward contracts and options over-the-counter and values such contracts using quoted market prices of comparable instruments or, if none are available, on pricing models or formulas using current market and model assumptions, including adjustments for credit risk. The key inputs include forward or option foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. These items are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Embedded Derivatives — The Company uses significant unobservable inputs to determine the fair value of embedded derivatives, which are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. These unobservable inputs include expected cash flows associated with the lease, currency exchange rates on the day of commencement, as well as forward currency exchange rates; results of which are adjusted for credit risk. These items are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. See Note 10, Financial Derivatives, for further information.
Investments held in rabbi trust — The investment assets of the rabbi trust are valued using quoted market prices in active markets, which are classified in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. For additional information about the deferred compensation plan, refer to Note 11, Investments Held in Rabbi Trust, and Note 24, Stock-Based Compensation.
Contingent consideration — The Company uses significant unobservable inputs to determine the fair value of contingent consideration, which is classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The contingent consideration recorded related to the Qelp acquisition and liabilities assumed as part of the Clearlink acquisition was recognized at fair value using a discounted cash flow methodology and a discount rate of approximately 14.0% and 10.0%, respectively. The discount rates vary dependent on the specific risks of each acquisition including the country of operation, the nature of services and complexity of the acquired business, and other similar factors, all of which are
 
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significant inputs not observable in the market. Significant increases or decreases in any of the inputs in isolation would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement.
Foreign Currency Translation — The assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries, whose functional currency is other than the U.S. Dollar, are translated at the exchange rates in effect on the reporting date, and income and expenses are translated at the weighted average exchange rate during the period. The net effect of translation gains and losses is not included in determining net income, but is included in “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” (“AOCI”), which is reflected as a separate component of shareholders’ equity until the sale or until the complete or substantially complete liquidation of the net investment in the foreign subsidiary. Foreign currency transactional gains and losses are included in “Other income (expense), net” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Foreign Currency and Derivative Instruments — The Company accounts for financial derivative instruments under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The Company generally utilizes non-deliverable forward contracts and options expiring within one to 24 months to reduce its foreign currency exposure due to exchange rate fluctuations on forecasted cash flows denominated in non-functional foreign currencies and net investments in foreign operations. In using derivative financial instruments to hedge exposures to changes in exchange rates, the Company exposes itself to counterparty credit risk.
The Company designates derivatives as either (1) a hedge of a forecasted transaction or of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (“cash flow” hedge); (2) a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation; or (3) a derivative that does not qualify for hedge accounting. To qualify for hedge accounting treatment, a derivative must be highly effective in mitigating the designated risk of the hedged item. Effectiveness of the hedge is formally assessed at inception and throughout the life of the hedging relationship. Even if a derivative qualifies for hedge accounting treatment, there may be an element of ineffectiveness of the hedge.
Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are highly effective and designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in AOCI, until the forecasted underlying transactions occur. Any realized gains or losses resulting from the cash flow hedges are recognized together with the hedged transaction within “Revenues”. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are highly effective and designated as a net investment hedge are recorded in cumulative translation adjustment in AOCI, offsetting the change in cumulative translation adjustment attributable to the hedged portion of the Company’s net investment in the foreign operation. Any realized gains and losses from settlements of the net investment hedge remain in AOCI until partial or complete liquidation of the net investment. Ineffectiveness is measured based on the change in fair value of the forward contracts and options and the fair value of the hypothetical derivatives with terms that match the critical terms of the risk being hedged. Hedge ineffectiveness is recognized within “Revenues” for cash flow hedges and within “Other income (expense), net” for net investment hedges. Cash flows from the derivative contracts are classified within the operating section in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedging activities. This process includes linking all derivatives that are designated as cash flow hedges to forecasted transactions. Hedges of a net investment in a foreign operation are linked to the specific foreign operation. The Company also formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective on a prospective and retrospective basis. When it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge or that it has ceased to be a highly effective hedge or if a forecasted hedge is no longer probable of occurring, or if the Company de-designates a derivative as a hedge, the Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, all hedges were determined to be highly effective.
The Company also periodically enters into forward contracts that are not designated as hedges as defined under ASC 815. The purpose of these derivative instruments is to reduce the effects from fluctuations caused by volatility in currency exchange rates on the Company’s operating results and cash flows. Changes in the fair value of the derivative instruments are included in “Revenues” or “Other income (expense), net”, depending on the underlying risk exposure. See Note 10, Financial Derivatives, for further information on financial derivative instruments.
Reclassifications — Certain balances in prior years have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.
 
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New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”). The amendments in ASU 2014-09 outline a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and indicate that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve this, an entity should identify the contract(s) with a customer, identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) Deferral of the Effective Date (“ASU 2015-14”). In 2016 and 2017, the FASB issued additional ASUs that are also part of the overall new revenue guidance included in ASC Topic 606. ASU 2014-09 and the related subsequent amendments are referred to herein as “ASC 606.” The amendments in ASU 2015-14 defer the effective date of ASU 2014-09 to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that period. An entity should apply the amendments using either the full retrospective approach or retrospectively with a cumulative effect of initially applying the amendments recognized at the date of initial application.
The Company will adopt ASC 606 using the modified retrospective approach applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. The adoption of these amendments will require expanded qualitative and quantitative disclosures about the Company’s contracts with its customers. The Company’s implementation team has completed its evaluation of the Company’s revenue streams, analyzed the Company’s contracts to identify key provisions impacted by ASC 606 and assessed the applicable accounting, and reviewed existing accounting policies and internal controls. Appropriate changes to the Company’s business processes, systems and controls to support recognition and disclosure under ASC 606 have been implemented. The Company expects the impact of ASC 606 to be immaterial to its net income on an ongoing basis.
The impact to the Company’s results is not expected to be material because the analysis of its contracts under ASC 606 supports the recognition of revenue over time under the output method for the majority of its contracts, which is consistent with the Company’s current revenue recognition model. Revenue from the majority of the Company’s contracts, approximately 99.5% of the Company’s consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2017, will continue to be recognized over time because of the continuous transfer of control to the customer. In addition, the number of the Company’s performance obligations, which are classified as stand-ready performance obligations under ASC 606, is not materially different from those under the existing standard. Lastly, the accounting for the estimate of variable consideration is not expected to be materially different compared to the Company’s current practice. The immaterial changes as a result of the Company’s adoption of ASC 606 relate to changes in estimating variable consideration with respect to penalty and holdback provisions for failure to meet specified minimum service levels and other performance-based contingencies, as well as the change in timing of revenue recognition associated with certain customer contracts that provide additional fees upon renewal. The adoption is expected to result in the recognition of a cumulative effect adjustment increasing opening retained earnings as of January 1, 2018 by approximately $4.0 million to $5.0 million.
The Company also does not expect ASC 606 to have a material impact on its consolidated balance sheet and statement of cash flows because there are no changes in the manner for which the Company accounts for contract costs under the new standard compared with the existing standard. The costs associated with sales commissions are not directly incremental to obtaining customer contracts and instead require adherence to certain revenue and income targets over time. Thus, these costs are more analogous to a performance bonus and are expensed as incurred and no additional contract assets or liabilities will be established.
Financial Instruments
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10) Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (“ASU 2016-01”). These amendments modify how entities measure equity investments and present changes in the fair value of financial liabilities. Under the new guidance, entities will have to measure equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method at fair value and recognize any changes in fair value in net income unless the
 
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investments qualify for the new practicality exception. A practicality exception will apply to those equity investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value and do not qualify for the practical expedient to estimate fair value under ASC 820,  Fair Value Measurements , and as such, these investments may be measured at cost. These amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-01 to materially impact its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Leases
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). These amendments require the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet by lessees for those leases currently classified as operating leases under ASC 840, Leases . These amendments also require qualitative disclosures along with specific quantitative disclosures. These amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted. Entities are required to apply the amendments at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements, and there are certain optional practical expedients that an entity may elect to apply.
The Company expects the adoption of ASU 2016-02 to result in a material increase in the assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets as a result of recognizing right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for existing operating leases based on the amount of the Company’s current lease commitments. The Company believes that the majority of its leases will maintain their current lease classification under ASU 2016-02. As a result, the Company does not expect these amendments to have a material effect on its expense recognition timing which will result in an insignificant impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of income. The Company is continuing to evaluate the magnitude of the impact and related disclosures, as well as the timing and method of adoption, with respect to the optional practical expedients. The Company is continuing to evaluate the full impact of ASU 2016-02, as well as its impacts on its business processes, systems, and internal controls.
Financial Instruments – Credit Losses
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) – Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). These amendments require measurement and recognition of expected versus incurred credit losses for financial assets held. These amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the guidance will have on its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Statement of Cash Flows
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) – Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”). These amendments clarify the presentation of cash receipts and payments in eight specific situations. These amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. These amendments will be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-15 to materially impact its cash flows.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) – Restricted Cash (A Consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force ) (“ASU 2016-18”). These amendments clarify how entities should present restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows, requiring entities to show the changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents. These amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. These amendments will be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-18 to materially impact its cash flows.
Income Taxes
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory (“ASU 2016-16”). These amendments require recognition of the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. These amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within those
 
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annual reporting periods. These amendments will be applied using a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period for which financial statements (interim or annual) have not been issued. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-16 to materially impact its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
In January 2018, the FASB released guidance on the accounting for tax on the global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) provisions of the 2017 Tax Reform Act. The GILTI provisions impose a tax on foreign income in excess of a deemed return on tangible assets of foreign corporations. The guidance indicates that either accounting for deferred taxes related to GILTI inclusions or to treat any taxes on GILTI inclusions as period costs are both acceptable methods subject to an accounting policy election. The Company is currently evaluating the accounting treatment options related to the GILTI provisions and will make an accounting policy election during the first quarter of 2018. The Company does not expect a material impact on its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows from any GILTI inclusions.
Business Combinations
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805) – Clarifying the Definition of a Business (“ASU 2017-01”). These amendments clarify the definition of a business to help companies evaluate whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions or disposals of assets or businesses. These amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. These amendments will be applied prospectively. Early adoption is permitted in certain circumstances. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-01 to materially impact its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Retirement Benefits
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715) – Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost (“ASU 2017-07”). These amendments require that an employer report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net periodic benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component outside of a subtotal of income from operations. If a separate line item is not used, the line items used in the income statement to present other components of net benefit cost must be disclosed. These amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual period for which financial statements, interim or annual, have not been issued or made available for issuance. These amendments will be applied retrospectively for the presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost in the income statement and prospectively, on and after the effective date, for the capitalization of the service cost component of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit in assets. The amendments allow a practical expedient that permits an employer to use the amounts disclosed in its pension and other postretirement benefit plan note for the prior comparative periods as the estimation basis for applying the retrospective presentation requirements. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-07 to materially impact its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Derivatives and Hedging
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) – Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedge Activities (“ASU 2017-12”). These amendments help simplify certain aspects of hedge accounting and better align an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. For cash flow and net investment hedges as of the adoption date, the guidance requires a modified retrospective approach. The amended presentation and disclosure guidance is required only prospectively. These amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early application permitted in any interim period after issuance of this update. The Company is currently evaluating the accounting, transition and disclosure requirements to determine the impact ASU 2017-12 may have on its financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and disclosures.
 
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New Accounting Standards Recently Adopted
Goodwill
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) – Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”). These amendments simplify the test for goodwill impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the impairment test, which required the entity to perform procedures to determine the fair value at the impairment testing date of its assets and liabilities following the procedure that would be required in determining fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. These amendments are effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. These amendments will be applied on a prospective basis, with early adoption permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The early adoption of ASU 2017-04 on July 31, 2017 did not have a material impact on the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company.
Stock Compensation
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718) – Scope of Modification Accounting (“ASU 2017-09”). These amendments provide guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. These amendments should be applied prospectively to changes in terms and conditions of awards occurring on or after the adoption date. The amendments are effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, including in any interim period, for public business entities for reporting periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued. The early adoption of ASU 2017-09 on June 30, 2017 did not have a material impact on the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718) – Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”). These amendments are intended to simplify several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. These amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. The adoption of ASU 2016-09 on January 1, 2017 resulted in stock-based compensation excess tax benefits or deficiencies reflected in the consolidated statements of operations on a prospective basis as a component of the provision for income taxes. Prior to the adoption, these benefits or deficiencies were recognized in equity. Additionally, the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows now include excess tax benefits as an operating activity, with prior periods adjusted accordingly. The presentation requirements for cash flows related to employee taxes paid for withheld shares had no impact to any of the periods presented on the Company’s consolidated cash flows statements since such cash flows have historically been presented as a financing activity. Finally, the Company has elected to account for forfeitures as they occur, rather than estimating expected forfeitures.
As a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-09, the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were adjusted as follows: a $2.1 million and $0.4 million increase, respectively, to net cash provided by operating activities and a $2.1 million decrease and $0.4 million increase, respectively, to net cash provided by (used for) financing activities. Additionally, the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the year ended December 31, 2017 reflects a cumulative effect of accounting change of $0.2 million to “Additional paid-in capital” and $(0.2) million to “Retained earnings” related to the change in accounting for forfeitures.
Derivatives and Hedging
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-05, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) – Effect of Derivative Contract Novations on Existing Hedge Accounting Relationships (“ASU 2016-05”). These amendments clarify that a change in the counterparty to a derivative instrument that has been designated as the hedging instrument under Topic 815 does not, in and of itself, require dedesignation of that hedging relationship provided that all other hedge accounting criteria continue to be met. These amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of ASU 2016-05 on January 1, 2017 did not have a material impact on the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company.
 
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Note 2. Acquisitions
Telecommunications Asset Acquisition
On April 24, 2017, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement to acquire certain assets from a Global 2000 telecommunications services provider. The aggregate purchase price of $7.5 million was paid on May 31, 2017, using cash on hand, resulting in $6.0 million of property and equipment and $1.5 million of customer relationship intangibles. The Asset Purchase Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, indemnification obligations and covenants. The Telecommunications Asset acquisition was completed to strengthen and create new partnerships for the Company and expand its geographic footprint in North America. The results of the Telecommunications Assets’ operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since its acquisition on May 31, 2017.
The Company accounted for the Telecommunications Asset acquisition in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”), whereby the fair value of the purchase price was allocated to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values as of the closing date. The Company completed its analysis of the purchase price allocation during the second quarter of 2017.
Clearlink
On April 1, 2016, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding membership units of Clearlink through a merger of Clearlink with and into a subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger”). Clearlink, with its operations located in the United States, is an inbound demand generation and sales conversion platform serving numerous Fortune 500 business-to-consumer and business-to-business clients across various industries and subsectors, including telecommunications, satellite television, home security and insurance. The results of Clearlink’s operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since April 1, 2016 (the “Clearlink acquisition date”). The strategic acquisition of Clearlink expanded the Company’s suite of service offerings while creating differentiation in the marketplace, broadened its addressable market opportunity and extended executive level reach within the Company’s existing clients’ organizations. This resulted in the Company paying a substantial premium for Clearlink, resulting in the recognition of goodwill. Pursuant to Federal income tax laws, intangibles and goodwill from the Clearlink acquisition are deductible over a 15-year amortization period.
The Clearlink purchase price totaled $207.9 million, consisting of the following:

 	  	Total	 	
Cash (1)	  	 $	209,186	 	
Working capital adjustment	  	 	(1,278	) 	
	  	 	 	 	
	  	 $	      207,908	 	

	
(1) Funded through borrowings under the Company’s credit agreement. See
Note 18, Borrowings, for more information.	
Approximately $2.6 million of the purchase price was placed in an escrow account as security for the indemnification obligations of Clearlink’s members under the merger agreement. The escrow was released pursuant to the terms of the escrow agreement, but the Company subsequently asserted a claim of approximately $0.4 million against the Clearlink members. This claim has been resolved by the parties for $0.2 million, with the outstanding amount received by the Company in December 2017.
 
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The following table summarizes the estimated Clearlink acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed (all included in the Americas segment), the measurement period adjustments and the final purchase price allocation (in thousands):

 	  	Initial
Purchase Price
Allocation	 	  	Measurement
Period Adjustments	 	  	Final
Purchase Price
Allocation	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	  	$	2,584	 	  	$	-	 	  	$	2,584	 	
Receivables (1)	  	 	16,801	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	16,801	 	
Prepaid expenses	  	 	1,553	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	1,553	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total current assets	  	 	20,938	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	20,938	 	
Property and equipment	  	 	12,869	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	12,869	 	
Goodwill	  	 	70,223	 	  	 	340	 	  	 	70,563	 	
Intangibles	  	 	121,400	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	121,400	 	
Deferred charges and other assets	  	 	229	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	229	 	
Accounts payable	  	 	(3,564	) 	  	 	-	 	  	 	(3,564	) 	
Accrued employee compensation and benefits	  	 	(1,610	) 	  	 	-	 	  	 	(1,610	) 	
Income taxes payable	  	 	-	 	  	 	(340	) 	  	 	(340	) 	
Deferred revenue	  	 	(4,620	) 	  	 	-	 	  	 	(4,620	) 	
Other accrued expenses and current liabilities	  	 	(6,324	) 	  	 	-	 	  	 	(6,324	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total current liabilities	  	 	(16,118	) 	  	 	(340	) 	  	 	(16,458	) 	
Other long-term liabilities	  	 	(1,633	) 	  	 	-	 	  	 	(1,633	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	$	207,908	 	  	$	-	 	  	$	207,908	 	

(1)  	The fair value equals the gross contractual value of the receivables.	
The Company accounted for the Clearlink acquisition in accordance with ASC 805, whereby the purchase price paid was allocated to the tangible and identifiable intangibles acquired and liabilities assumed from Clearlink based on their estimated fair values as of the closing date. The Company completed its analysis of the purchase price allocation during the fourth quarter of 2016 and the resulting adjustments of $0.3 million to income taxes payable and goodwill were recorded in accordance with ASU 2015-16, Business Combinations (Topic 805) Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments .
Fair values were based on management’s estimates and assumptions including variations of the income approach, the cost approach and the market approach.
The following table presents the Company’s purchased intangibles assets as of April 1, 2016, the Clearlink acquisition date (in thousands):

 	  	Amount Assigned	 	  	Weighted Average
Amortization Period
(years)	 	
Customer relationships	  	$	63,800	 	  	 	13	 	
Trade name	  	 	2,400	 	  	 	7	 	
Non-compete agreements	  	 	1,800	 	  	 	3	 	
Proprietary software	  	 	700	 	  	 	5	 	
Indefinite-lived domain names	  	 	52,700	 	  	 	N/A	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				
	  	$	121,400	 	  	 	7	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				
The amount of Clearlink’s revenues and net income since the April 1, 2016 acquisition date, included in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations for the period indicated below, was as follows (in thousands):

 	  	From April 1, 2016
Through
December 31, 2016	 	
Revenues	  	$	123,289	 	
Net income	  	$	1,563	 	
 
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The following table presents the unaudited pro forma combined revenues and net earnings as if Clearlink had been included in the consolidated results of the Company for the entire years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. The pro forma financial information is not indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition and related borrowings had taken place on January 1, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Revenues	  	$	1,493,866	 	  	$	1,407,850	 	
	  				  				
Net income	  	$	65,662	 	  	$	69,801	 	
	  				  				
Net income per common share:	  				  				
Basic	  	$	1.57	 	  	$	1.67	 	
Diluted	  	$	1.55	 	  	$	1.64	 	
These amounts were calculated to reflect the additional depreciation, amortization, interest expense and rent expense that would have been incurred assuming the fair value adjustments and borrowings occurred on January 1, 2016 and January 1, 2015, together with the consequential tax effects. In addition, these amounts exclude costs incurred which are directly attributable to the acquisition, and which do not have a continuing impact on the combined companies’ operating results. Included in these costs are advisory and legal costs, net of the tax effects.
Merger and integration costs associated with Clearlink included in “General and administrative” costs in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2016 were as follows (none in 2017 and 2015) (in thousands):

 	  	Year Ended
December 31, 2016	 	
Severance costs:	  				
Americas	  	$	135	 	
	  				
Transaction and integration costs:	  				
Americas	  	 	29	 	
Other	  	 	4,470	 	
	  	 	 	 	
	  	 	4,499	 	

Total merger and integration costs	  	$	4,634	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Qelp
On July 2, 2015, the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Sykes Enterprises Incorporated B.V. and Sykes Enterprises Incorporated Holdings B.V., both Netherlands companies, entered into a definitive Share Sale and Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with MobileTimes B.V., Yarra B.V., From The Mountain Consultancy B.V. and Sticting Administratiekantoor Qelp (the “Sellers”), all of which are Netherlands companies, to acquire all of the outstanding shares of Qelp B.V. and its wholly owned subsidiary (together, known as “Qelp”.) The strategic acquisition of Qelp (the “Qelp acquisition”) was to further broaden and strengthen the Company’s service portfolio around digital self-service customer support and extend its reach into adjacent, but complementary, markets. Pursuant to Federal income tax regulations, no amount of intangibles or goodwill from this acquisition will be deductible for tax purposes. The results of Qelp’s operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since its acquisition on July 2, 2015 (the “Qelp acquisition date”).
As of the acquisition date, the total consideration paid or to be paid by the Company for the Qelp acquisition is summarized below (in thousands):

 	  	Total	 	
Cash	  	$	9,885	 	
Contingent consideration	  	 	6,000	 	
Working capital adjustment	  	 	(65	) 	
	  	 	 	 	
	  	$	15,820	 	

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The consideration consisted of an initial purchase price and a contingent purchase price. The initial purchase price of $9.8 million, including certain post-closing adjustments relating to Qelp’s working capital, was funded through cash on hand upon the closing of the transaction on July 2, 2015. The contingent purchase price to be paid over a three-year period was based on achieving targets tied to revenues and earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, not to exceed EUR 10.0 million.
The fair value of the contingent consideration was estimated using the discounted cash flow method, and was included in “Other long-term liabilities” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet (see Note 4, Fair Value, for further information). As part of the discounted cash flow method, the Company calculated an adjusted weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) specifically attributable to the future payments of the contingent consideration. Based on the forecasted revenue and profitability scenarios and their respective probabilities of occurrence, the Company estimated the present value of the probability-adjusted future payments utilizing an adjusted WACC for the potential future payments. The Company believes that its estimates and assumptions are reasonable, but there is significant judgment involved. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities subsequent to the acquisition were recorded in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
On September 26, 2016, the Company entered into an addendum to the Qelp Purchase Agreement with the Sellers to settle the outstanding contingent consideration for EUR 4.0 million ($4.2 million as of December 31, 2016) to be paid by June 30, 2017. The Company paid $4.4 million in May 2017 to settle the outstanding contingent consideration obligation.
The Company accounted for the Qelp acquisition in accordance with ASC 805, whereby the fair value of the purchase price was allocated to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Qelp based on their estimated fair values as of the closing date. The Company completed its analysis of the purchase price allocation during the fourth quarter of 2015.
The following table summarizes the estimated acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, all included in the EMEA segment (in thousands):

 	  	July 2, 2015
(As Initially
Reported)	 	  	Measurement
Period
Adjustments	 	  	July 2, 2015
(As Adjusted)	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	  	$	450	 	  	$	-	 	  	$	450	 	
Receivables (1)	  	 	1,541	 	  	 	(70	) 	  	 	1,471	 	
Prepaid expenses	  	 	24	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	24	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total current assets	  	 	2,015	 	  	 	(70	) 	  	 	1,945	 	
Property and equipment	  	 	2,168	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	2,168	 	
Goodwill	  	 	9,574	 	  	 	480	 	  	 	10,054	 	
Intangibles	  	 	6,000	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	6,000	 	
Deferred charges and other assets	  	 	55	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	55	 	
Short-term debt	  	 	(323	) 	  	 	-	 	  	 	(323	) 	
Accrued employee compensation and benefits	  	 	(207	) 	  	 	-	 	  	 	(207	) 	
Income taxes payable	  	 	(62	) 	  	 	(32	) 	  	 	(94	) 	
Deferred revenue	  	 	(967	) 	  	 	-	 	  	 	(967	) 	
Other accrued expenses and current liabilities	  	 	(1,030	) 	  	 	-	 	  	 	(1,030	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total current liabilities	  	 	(2,589	) 	  	 	(32	) 	  	 	(2,621	) 	
Other long-term liabilities (2)	  	 	(1,403	) 	  	 	(378	) 	  	 	(1,781	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	$	15,820	 	  	$	-	 	  	$	15,820	 	

(1)  	The fair value equals the gross contractual value of the receivables.	
(2)  	Primarily includes long-term deferred tax liabilities.	
Fair values were based on management’s estimates and assumptions including variations of the income approach, the cost approach and the market approach.
 
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The following table presents the Company’s purchased intangibles assets as of July 2, 2015, the acquisition date (in thousands):

 	  	Amount Assigned	 	  	Weighted Average
Amortization Period
(years)	 	
Customer relationships	  	$	5,400	 	  	 	7	 	
Trade name and trademarks	  	 	100	 	  	 	3	 	
Content library	  	 	500	 	  	 	2	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				
	  	$	6,000	 	  	 	7	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				
The amount of Qelp’s revenues and net (loss) since the July 2, 2015 acquisition date, included in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2015 were as follows (in thousands):

 	  	From July 2, 2015
Through
December 31, 2015	 	
Revenues	  	$	2,661	 	
	  				
Net (loss)	  	$	(162	) 	
Merger and integration costs associated with Qelp included in “General and administrative” costs in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations in the Other segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 were as follows (none in 2017 and 2016) (in thousands):

 	  	Year Ended
December 31, 2015	 	
Transaction costs	  	$	455	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Note 3. Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities
During 2011 and 2010, the Company announced several initiatives to streamline excess capacity through targeted seat reductions in the Americas (the “Exit Plans”) in an on-going effort to manage and optimize capacity utilization. These Americas’ Exit Plans included, but were not limited to, closing customer engagement centers in The Philippines and consolidating leased space in various locations in the U.S.
The cumulative costs expected and incurred as a result of the Exit Plans were as follows as of December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

 	  	Americas
Fourth
Quarter 2011
Exit Plan	 	  	Americas
Third
Quarter 2010
Exit Plan	 	  	Total	 	
Lease obligations and facility exit costs	  	$	1,365	 	  	$	6,729	 	  	$	        8,094	 	
Non-cash impairment charges	  	 	480	 	  	 	3,847	 	  	 	4,327	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	1,845	 	  	$	10,576	 	  	$	        12,421	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The Company paid $8.1 million in cash through December 31, 2016 under the Exit Plans. As of December 31, 2016, there were no remaining liabilities outstanding related to the Exit Plans.
 
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The following table summarizes the accrued liability associated with the Exit Plans’ exit and disposal activities and related charges for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 (none in 2017) (in thousands):

 	  	Lease Obligation
and Facility Exit
Costs	 	
Balance at January 1, 2015	  	 $	                            1,558	 	
Charges	  	 	-	 	
Cash payments	  	 	(825	) 	
	  	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2015	  	 	733	 	
Charges	  	 	-	 	
Cash payments	  	 	(733	) 	
	  	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2016	  	 	-	 	

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Note 4. Fair Value
The Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis subject to the requirements of ASC 820 consist of the following (in thousands):

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017 Using:	 	
 	 	 	 	Balance at
December 31,	 	 	Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets For
  Identical Assets  	 	 	Significant Other
Observable Inputs	 	 	Significant
  Unobservable  
Inputs	 	
 	 	 	 			 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	2017	 	 	Level 1	 	 	Level 2	 	 	Level 3	 	
Assets:	 		 				 				 				 				
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	 	(1)	 	$	3,848	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	3,848	 	 	$	-	 	
Embedded derivatives	 	(1)	 	 	52	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	52	 	
Equity investments held in rabbi trust for the Deferred Compensation Plan	 	(2)	 	 	8,094	 	 	 	8,094	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
Debt investments held in rabbi trust for the Deferred Compensation Plan	 	(2)	 	 	3,533	 	 	 	3,533	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
	 		 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	 		 	$	        15,527	 	 	$	    11,627	 	 	$	    3,848	 	 	$	        52	 	

Liabilities:	 		 				 				 				 				
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	 	(1)	 	$	256	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	256	 	 	$	-	 	
Embedded derivatives	 	(1)	 	 	579	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	579	 	
	 		 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	 		 	$	835	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	256	 	 	$	579	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016 Using:	 	
  	 	 	 	Balance at
December 31,	 	 	Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets For
Identical Assets	 	 	Significant Other
Observable Inputs	 	 	Significant
Unobservable
Inputs	 	
 	 	 	 			 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	2016	 	 	Level 1	 	 	Level 2	 	 	Level 3	 	
Assets:	 		 				 				 				 				
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	 	(1)	 	$	3,921	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	3,921	 	 	$	-	 	
Embedded derivatives	 	(1)	 	 	12	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	12	 	
Equity investments held in rabbi trust for the Deferred Compensation Plan	 	(2)	 	 	7,470	 	 	 	7,470	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
Debt investments held in rabbi trust for the Deferred Compensation Plan	 	(2)	 	 	1,944	 	 	 	1,944	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
	 		 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	 		 	$	    13,347	 	 	$	    9,414	 	 	$	    3,921	 	 	$	        12	 	

Liabilities:	 		 				 				 				 				
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	 	(1)	 	$	1,912	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	1,912	 	 	$	-	 	
Embedded derivatives	 	(1)	 	 	567	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	567	 	
Contingent consideration	 	(3)	 	 	6,100	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	6,100	 	
	 		 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	 		 	$	8,579	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	1,912	 	 	$	6,667	 	
	 		 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
(1) See Note 10, Financial Derivatives, for the classification in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2) Included in “Other current assets” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 11, Investments Held in Rabbi Trust.
(3) Included in “Other accrued expenses and current liabilities” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 
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Reconciliations of Fair Value Measurements Categorized within Level 3 of the Fair Value Hierarchy
Embedded Derivatives in Lease Agreements
A rollforward of the net asset (liability) activity in the Company’s fair value of the embedded derivatives is as follows (in thousands) (none in 2015):

 	  	        Years Ended December 31,        	 	
 	  	        2017        	 	 	        2016        	 	
Balance at the beginning of the period	  	$	(555	) 	 	$	-	 	
Gains (losses) recognized in “Other income (expense), net”	  	 	(139	) 	 	 	(714	) 	
Settlements	  	 	170	 	 	 	(7	) 	
Effect of foreign currency	  	 	(3	) 	 	 	166	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at the end of the period	  	$	(527	) 	 	$	(555	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Change in unrealized gains (losses) included in “Other income (expense), net” related to embedded derivatives held at the end of the period	  	$	(325	) 	 	$	3	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Contingent Consideration
A rollforward of the activity in the Company’s fair value of the contingent consideration (liability) is as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	        2017        	 	 	        2016        	 	 	        2015        	 	
Balance at the beginning of the period	  	$	        (6,100)	 	 	$	        (6,280)	 	 	$	-	 	
Acquisition (1)	  	 	-	 	 	 	(2,779)	 	 	 	        (6,000)	 	
Imputed interest	  	 	(76)	 	 	 	(754)	 	 	 	(408)	 	
Fair value gain (loss) adjustments (2)	  	 	605	 	 	 	2,250	 	 	 	-	 	
Settlements	  	 	5,760	 	 	 	1,396	 	 	 	-	 	
Effect of foreign currency	  	 	(189)	 	 	 	67	 	 	 	128	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at the end of the period	  	$	-	 	 	$	(6,100)	 	 	$	(6,280)	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Change in unrealized gains (losses) included in “General and
administrative” related to contingent consideration outstanding at the end of the period	  	$	-	 	 	$	2,268	 	 	$	-	 	

	
(1) Liabilities acquired as part of the Clearlink acquisition on April 1, 2016 and the Qelp acquisition on July 2, 2015. See Note 2, Acquisitions.	
(2) Included in “General and administrative” costs in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.	
The Company recorded a fair value gain of $2.6 million to the Qelp contingent consideration in “General and administrative” during the year ended December 31, 2016 due to the execution of an addendum to the Qelp Purchase Agreement with the Sellers dated September 26, 2016, subject to which the Company agreed to pay the Sellers EUR 4.0 million by June 30, 2017 ($4.2 million as of December 31, 2016). The Company paid $4.4 million in May 2017 to settle the outstanding contingent consideration obligation.
The Company recorded a net fair value gain of $0.6 million and fair value loss of $0.3 million to the Clearlink contingent consideration in “General and administrative” during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, related to the settlements and changes in the probability of achievement of certain revenue targets.
The Company accretes interest expense each period using the effective interest method until the contingent consideration reaches its estimated future value. Interest expense related to the contingent consideration is included in “Interest (expense)” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
 
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Non-Recurring Fair Value
Certain assets, under certain conditions, are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis utilizing Level 3 inputs, as described in Note 1, Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, like those associated with acquired businesses, including goodwill, other intangible assets, other long-lived assets and equity method investments. For these assets, measurement at fair value in periods subsequent to their initial recognition would be applicable if these assets were determined to be impaired.
The adjusted carrying values for assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis (no liabilities) subject to the requirements of ASC 820 were not material at December 31, 2017 and 2016. The following table summarizes the total impairment losses related to nonrecurring fair value measurements of certain assets (no liabilities) (none in 2016 and 2015):

 	  	    Total Impairment    
(Loss)	 	
 	  	Year Ended
December 31, 2017	 	
Americas:	  				
Property and equipment, net	  	$	(5,410	) 	
	  	 	 	 	
As a result of the consolidation of leased space in the U.S., the Company recorded an impairment charge of $0.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2017 related to leasehold improvements which were not recoverable, and equipment, furniture and fixtures that could not be redeployed to other locations.
In connection with the closure of certain under-utilized customer contact management centers in the U.S., the Company recorded an impairment charge of $4.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2017 related to leasehold improvements which were not recoverable, and equipment, furniture and fixtures that could not be redeployed to other locations.
The Company also recorded an impairment charge of $0.2 million related to the write-down of a vacant and unused parcel of land in the U.S. to its estimated fair value during the year ended December 31, 2017.
Note 5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Intangible Assets
The following table presents the Company’s purchased intangible assets as of December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

 	 	  Gross Intangibles  	 	 	    Accumulated    
Amortization	 	 	  Net Intangibles  	 	 	Weighted
Average
  Amortization  
Period (years)	 	
Intangible assets subject to amortization:	 				 				 				 				
Customer relationships	 	$	170,853	 	 	$	(95,175	) 	 	$	75,678	 	 	 	10	 	
Trade names and trademarks	 	 	14,138	 	 	 	(8,797	) 	 	 	5,341	 	 	 	7	 	
Non-compete agreements	 	 	1,820	 	 	 	(1,052	) 	 	 	768	 	 	 	3	 	
Content library	 	 	542	 	 	 	(542	) 	 	 	-	 	 	 	2	 	
Proprietary software	 	 	1,040	 	 	 	(585	) 	 	 	455	 	 	 	4	 	
Intangible assets not subject to amortization:	 				 				 				 				
Domain names	 	 	58,035	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	58,035	 	 	 	N/A	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 				
	 	$	246,428	 	 	$	(106,151	) 	 	$	140,277	 	 	 	6	 	

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The following table presents the Company’s purchased intangible assets as of December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

 	 	 Gross Intangibles 	 	 	    Accumulated    
Amortization	 	 	  Net Intangibles  	 	 	Weighted
Average
Amortization
  Period (years)  	 	
Intangible assets subject to amortization:	 				 				 				 				
Customer relationships	 	$	166,634	 	 	$	(75,364	) 	 	$	91,270	 	 	 	10	 	
Trade names and trademarks	 	 	14,095	 	 	 	(7,083	) 	 	 	7,012	 	 	 	7	 	
Non-compete agreements	 	 	2,993	 	 	 	(1,643	) 	 	 	1,350	 	 	 	2	 	
Content library	 	 	475	 	 	 	(357	) 	 	 	118	 	 	 	2	 	
Proprietary software	 	 	1,550	 	 	 	(955	) 	 	 	595	 	 	 	3	 	
Favorable lease agreement	 	 	449	 	 	 	(449	) 	 	 	-	 	 	 	2	 	
Intangible assets not subject to amortization:	 				 				 				 				
Domain names	 	 	52,710	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	52,710	 	 	 	N/A	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 				
	 	$	238,906	 	 	$	(85,851	) 	 	$	153,055	 	 	 	6	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 				
The Company’s estimated future amortization expense for the succeeding years relating to the purchased intangible assets resulting from acquisitions completed prior to December 31, 2017, is as follows (in thousands):

Years Ending December 31,	 	Amount                	 	
2018	 	 	15,137	 	
2019	 	 	14,079	 	
2020	 	 	11,394	 	
2021	 	 	6,829	 	
2022	 	 	5,729	 	
2023 and thereafter	 	 	29,074	 	
Goodwill
Changes in goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2017 consist of the following (in thousands):

 	 	  January 1, 2017  	 	 	      Acquisition      	 	 	  Effect of Foreign  
Currency	 	 	  December 31,  
2017	 	
Americas	 	$	255,842	 	 	$	    390	 	 	$	2,264	 	 	$	258,496	 	
EMEA	 	 	9,562	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	1,207	 	 	 	10,769	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	 	$	265,404	 	 	$	    390	 	 	$	3,471	 	 	$	269,265	 	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Changes in goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2016 consist of the following (in thousands):

 	  	  January 1, 2016  	 	 	    Acquisition  (1)     	 	 	  Effect of Foreign  
Currency	 	 	  December 31,  
2016	 	
Americas	  	$	186,049	 	 	$	70,563	 	 	$	(770	) 	 	$	255,842	 	
EMEA	  	 	9,684	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(122	) 	 	 	9,562	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	  	$	195,733	 	 	$	70,563	 	 	$	(892	) 	 	$	265,404	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
(1) See Note 2, Acquisitions, for further information.
The Company performs its annual goodwill impairment test during the third quarter, or more frequently, if indicators of impairment exist.
For the annual goodwill impairment test, the Company elected to forgo the option to first assess qualitative factors and performed its annual quantitative goodwill impairment test as of July 31, 2017. Under ASC 350, the carrying value of assets is calculated at the reporting unit level. The quantitative assessment of goodwill includes comparing a reporting unit’s calculated fair value to its carrying value. The calculation of fair value requires significant judgments including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of the long-term rate of growth, the useful life over which cash flows will occur and determination of the Company’s weighted average cost of capital. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value and/or conclusions on goodwill impairment for each reporting unit. If the fair value of
 
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the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, goodwill is considered impaired and an impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.
The process of evaluating the fair value of the reporting units is highly subjective and requires significant judgment and estimates as the reporting units operate in a number of markets and geographical regions. The Company considered the income and market approaches to determine its best estimates of fair value which incorporated the following significant assumptions:
 
 	•	 	Revenue projections, including revenue growth during the forecast periods;	
 	•	 	EBITDA margin projections over the forecast periods;	
 	•	 	Estimated income tax rates;	
 	•	 	Estimated capital expenditures; and	
 	•	 	Discount rates based on various inputs, including the risks associated with the specific reporting units as well as their revenue growth and EBITDA margin assumptions.	
As of July 31, 2017, the Company concluded that goodwill was not impaired for all six of its reporting units with goodwill, based on generally accepted valuation techniques and the significant assumptions outlined above. While the fair values of four of the six reporting units were substantially in excess of their carrying value, the Qelp and Clearlink reporting units’ fair value exceeded the respective carrying value, although not substantially.
The Qelp and Clearlink reporting units are at risk of future impairment if projected operating results are not met or other inputs into the fair value measurement change. However, as of December 31, 2017, there were no indicators of impairment related to Qelp’s $10.8 million of goodwill or Clearlink’s $71.0 million of goodwill.
Note 6. Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of trade receivables. The Company’s credit concentrations are limited due to the wide variety of customers and markets in which the Company’s services are sold. See Note 10, Financial Derivatives, for a discussion of the Company’s credit risk relating to financial derivative instruments, and Note 25, Segments and Geographic Information, for a discussion of the Company’s customer concentration.
Note 7. Receivables, Net
Receivables, net consist of the following (in thousands):

 	  	December 31,	 	
 	  	          2017          	 	 	          2016          	 	
Trade accounts receivable	  	$	334,147	 	 	$	316,311	 	
Income taxes receivable	  	 	4,138	 	 	 	1,309	 	
Other	  	 	6,631	 	 	 	3,863	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	  	 	344,916	 	 	 	321,483	 	
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts	  	 	2,958	 	 	 	2,925	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	  	$	341,958	 	 	$	318,558	 	

Allowance for doubtful accounts as a percent of trade accounts receivable	  	 	0.9	% 	 	 	0.9	% 	

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Note 8. Prepaid Expenses
Prepaid expenses consist of the following (in thousands):

 	  	December 31,	 	
 	  	            2017            	 	  	            2016            	 	
Prepaid maintenance	  	$	7,773	 	  	 	8,279	 	
Prepaid insurance	  	 	4,380	 	  	 	4,161	 	
Prepaid rent	  	 	3,767	 	  	 	2,920	 	
Prepaid other	  	 	6,212	 	  	 	6,613	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	$	22,132	 	  	$	21,973	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Note 9. Other Current Assets
Other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):

 	  	December 31,	 	
 	  	            2017            	 	  	            2016            	 	
Investments held in rabbi trust (Note 11)	  	$	11,627	 	  	$	9,414	 	
Financial derivatives (Note 10)	  	 	3,857	 	  	 	3,929	 	
Other current assets	  	 	4,259	 	  	 	2,687	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	$	19,743	 	  	$	16,030	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Note 10. Financial Derivatives
Cash Flow Hedges – The Company has derivative assets and liabilities relating to outstanding forward contracts and options, designated as cash flow hedges, as defined under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”), consisting of Philippine Peso, Costa Rican Colon, Hungarian Forint and Romanian Leu contracts. These contracts are entered into to protect against the risk that the eventual cash flows resulting from such transactions will be adversely affected by changes in exchange rates.
The deferred gains (losses) and related taxes on the Company’s cash flow hedges recorded in “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” (“AOCI”) in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows (in thousands):

 	  	December 31,	 	
 	  	            2017            	 	 	            2016            	 	
Deferred gains (losses) in AOCI	  	$	2,550	 	 	$	(2,295	) 	
Tax on deferred gains (losses) in AOCI	  	 	(79	) 	 	 	69	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Deferred gains (losses) in AOCI, net of taxes	  	$	2,471	 	 	$	(2,226	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Deferred gains (losses) expected to be reclassified to “Revenues” from AOCI during the next twelve months	  	$	2,631	 	 				
	  	 	 	 	 				
Deferred gains (losses) and other future reclassifications from AOCI will fluctuate with movements in the underlying market price of the forward contracts and options.
Net Investment Hedge – From time to time, the Company enters into foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge its net investment in certain foreign operations, as defined under ASC 815. The purpose of these derivative instruments is to protect the Company’s interests against the risk that the net assets of certain foreign subsidiaries will be adversely affected by changes in exchange rates and economic exposures related to the Company’s foreign currency-based investments in these subsidiaries.
Non-Designated Hedges
Foreign Currency Forward Contracts – The Company also periodically enters into foreign currency hedge contracts that are not designated as hedges as defined under ASC 815. The purpose of these derivative instruments is to protect the Company’s interests against adverse foreign currency moves relating primarily to intercompany receivables and payables, and other assets and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than the
 
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Company’s subsidiaries’ functional currencies. These contracts generally do not exceed 180 days in duration. See Note 1, Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for additional information on the Company’s purpose for entering into derivatives not designated as hedging instruments and its overall risk management strategies.
Embedded Derivatives – The Company enters into certain lease agreements which require payments not denominated in the functional currency of any substantial party to the agreements. The foreign currency component of these contracts meets the criteria under ASC 815 as embedded derivatives. The Company has determined that the embedded derivatives are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the host contracts (lease agreements), and separate, stand-alone instruments with the same terms as the embedded derivative instruments would otherwise qualify as derivative instruments, thereby requiring separation from the lease agreements and recognition at fair value. Such instruments do not qualify for hedge accounting under ASC 815.
The Company had the following outstanding foreign currency forward contracts and options, and embedded derivatives (in thousands):

 	  	December 31, 2017	  	    December 31, 2016    	 	
Contract Type	  	Notional
Amount in
USD	 	  	Settle Through
Date	  	Notional
Amount in
USD	 	  	Settle Through
Date	 	
 	 	  	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Cash flow hedges:	  				  		  				  				
Options:	  				  		  				  				
US Dollars/Philippine Pesos	  	$	        78,000	 	  	December 2018	  	$	        51,000	 	  	 	December 2017	 	
	  				  		  				  				
Forwards:	  				  		  				  				
US Dollars/Philippine Pesos	  	 	3,000	 	  	June 2018	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	
US Dollars/Costa Rican Colones	  	 	70,000	 	  	March 2019	  	 	45,500	 	  	 	December 2017	 	
Euros/Hungarian Forints	  	 	3,554	 	  	December 2018	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	
Euros/Romanian Leis	  	 	13,977	 	  	December 2018	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	
	  				  		  				  				
Net investment hedges:	  				  		  				  				
Forwards:	  				  		  				  				
Euros/US Dollar	  	 	-	 	  	-	  	 	76,933	 	  	 	September 2017	 	
	  				  		  				  				
Non-designated hedges:	  				  		  				  				
Forwards	  	 	9,253	 	  	March 2018	  	 	55,614	 	  	 	March 2017	 	
Embedded derivatives	  	 	13,519	 	  	April 2030	  	 	13,234	 	  	 	April 2030	 	
Master netting agreements exist with each respective counterparty to reduce credit risk by permitting net settlement of derivative positions. In the event of default by the Company or one of its counterparties, these agreements include a set-off clause that provides the non-defaulting party the right to net settle all derivative transactions, regardless of the currency and settlement date. The maximum amount of loss due to credit risk that, based on gross fair value, the Company would incur if parties to the derivative transactions that make up the concentration failed to perform according to the terms of the contracts was $3.8 million and $3.9 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. After consideration of these netting arrangements and offsetting positions by counterparty, the total net settlement amount as it relates to these positions are asset positions of $3.6 million and $3.6 million, and liability positions of $0 and $1.6 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Although legally enforceable master netting arrangements exist between the Company and each counterparty, the Company has elected to present the derivative assets and derivative liabilities on a gross basis in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Additionally, the Company is not required to pledge, nor is it entitled to receive, cash collateral related to these derivative transactions.
 
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The following tables present the fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments included in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):

  	  	Derivative Assets	 	
 	  	        December 31, 2017        	 	  	        December 31, 2016        	 	
 	  	Fair Value	 	  	Fair Value	 	
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments under ASC 815:	  				  				
Foreign currency forward and option contracts (1)
 	  	$
 	3,604
 	 
 	  	$
 	-

Derivatives designated as net investment hedging instruments under ASC 815:	  				  				
Foreign currency forward contracts (1)	  	 	-	 	  	 	3,230	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	 	3,604	 	  	 	3,230	 	
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815:	  				  				
Foreign currency forward contracts (1)	  	 	244	 	  	 	691	 	
Embedded derivatives (1)	  	 	9	 	  	 	8	 	
Embedded derivatives (2)	  	 	43	 	  	 	4	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total derivative assets	  	$	                            3,900	 	  	$	                            3,933	 	

  	  	Derivative Liabilities	 	
 	  	December 31, 2017	 	  	December 31, 2016	 	
 	  	Fair Value	 	  	Fair Value	 	
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments under ASC 815:	  				  				
Foreign currency forward and option contracts (3)	  	$	175	 	  	$	1,806	 	
Foreign currency forward and option contracts (4)	  	 	81	 	  	 	-	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	 	256	 	  	 	1,806	 	
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815:	  				  				
Foreign currency forward contracts (3)	  	 	-	 	  	 	106	 	
Embedded derivatives (3)	  	 	189	 	  	 	174	 	
Embedded derivatives (4)	  	 	390	 	  	 	393	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total derivative liabilities	  	$	835	 	  	$	2,479	 	

(1)  	Included in “Other current assets” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.	
(2)  	Included in “Deferred charges and other assets” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.	
(3)  	Included in “Other accrued expenses and current liabilities” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.	
(4)  	Included in “Other long-term liabilities” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.	
 
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The following tables present the effect of the Company’s derivative instruments included in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

 	  	Gain (Loss) Recognized in
AOCI on Derivatives
(Effective Portion)	 	  	Gain (Loss) Reclassified
From AOCI Into
“Revenues”
(Effective Portion)	 	  	Gain (Loss) Recognized
in “Revenues” on
Derivatives (Ineffective
Portion and Amount
Excluded from
Effectiveness Testing)	 	
 	  	December 31,	 	  	December 31,	 	  	December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments under ASC 815:	  				 				 				  				 				 				  				 				 				
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	  	$	2,277	 	 	$	(2,308	) 	 	$	1,696	 	  	$	(2,536	) 	 	$	(553	) 	 	$	2,138	 	  	$	(1	)  	 	$	(5	) 	 	$	12	 	
Derivatives designated as net investment hedging instruments under ASC 815:	  				 				 				  				 				 				  				 				 				
Foreign currency forward contracts	  	 	(8,352	) 	 	 	3,409	 	 	 	6,101	 	  	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	  	$	 (6,075	) 	 	$	1,101	 	 	$	7,797	 	  	$	 (2,536	) 	 	$	(553	) 	 	$	2,138	 	  	$	(1	)  	 	$	(5	) 	 	$	12	 	

													
 	  	Gain (Loss) Recognized in “Other
income (expense), net” on Derivatives	 	
 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815:	  				  				  				
Foreign currency forward contracts	  	$	282	 	  	$	(1,556	) 	  	$	1,374	 	
Embedded derivatives	  	 	(139	) 	  	 	(714	) 	  	 	-	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	$	      143	 	  	$	      (2,270	) 	  	$	      1,374	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Note 11. Investments Held in Rabbi Trust
The Company’s investments held in rabbi trust, classified as trading securities and included in “Other current assets” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, at fair value, consist of the following (in thousands):

 	  	December 31, 2017	 	  	December 31, 2016	 	
 	  	Cost	 	  	 Fair Value 	 	  	Cost	 	  	 Fair Value 	 	
Mutual funds	  	$	      8,096	 	  	$	    11,627	 	  	$	      7,257	 	  	$	    9,414	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The mutual funds held in the rabbi trust were 70% equity-based and 30% debt-based as of December 31, 2017. Net investment income (losses), included in “Other income (expense), net” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations consists of the following (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Net realized gains (losses) from sale of trading securities	  	$	195	 	  	$	241	 	  	$	355	 	
Dividend and interest income	  	 	422	 	  	 	92	 	  	 	79	 	
Net unrealized holding gains (losses)	  	 	1,002	 	  	 	249	 	  	 	(597	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net investment income (losses)	  	 	        1,619	 	  	$	        582	 	  	$	        (163	) 	

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Note 12. Property and Equipment
Property and equipment consist of the following (in thousands):

 	  	December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	
Land	  	$	3,217	 	  	$	3,360	 	
Buildings and leasehold improvements	  	 	135,100	 	  	 	126,323	 	
Equipment, furniture and fixtures	  	 	312,636	 	  	 	306,443	 	
Capitalized internally developed software costs	  	 	34,886	 	  	 	29,176	 	
Transportation equipment	  	 	556	 	  	 	531	 	
Construction in progress	  	 	7,462	 	  	 	10,693	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	 	493,857	 	  	 	476,526	 	
Less: Accumulated depreciation	  	 	333,067	 	  	 	320,312	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	$	          160,790	 	  	$	          156,214	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Capitalized internally developed software, net of depreciation, included in “Property and equipment, net” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets was as follows (in thousands):

 	  	December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	
Capitalized internally developed software costs, net	  	$	          15,876	 	  	$	          15,156	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Sale of Fixed Assets, Land and Building Located in Morganfield, Kentucky
In December 2016, the Company sold the fixed assets, land and building located in Morganfield, Kentucky, with a net carrying value of $0.3 million, for cash of $0.5 million (net of selling costs of less than $0.1 million). This resulted in a net gain on disposal of property and equipment of $0.2 million, which is included in “General and administrative” in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Winter Storm Damage
In February 2015, customer engagement centers located in Perry County, Kentucky, Buchanan County, Virginia, and Wise, Virginia experienced damage as a result of winter storms. The Company filed an insurance claim with its property insurance company to recover losses of $1.6 million, which was received. The claim was finalized during 2015, resulting in a $0.9 million net gain on insurance settlement included in “General and administrative” in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2015.
Note 13. Deferred Charges and Other Assets
Deferred charges and other assets consist of the following (in thousands):

 	  	December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	
Equity method investments (Note 1)	  	$	10,341	 	  	$	449	 	
Non-current deferred tax assets (Note 20)	  	 	6,657	 	  	 	12,983	 	
Rent and other deposits	  	 	5,379	 	  	 	4,816	 	
Non-current value added tax receivables	  	 	548	 	  	 	581	 	
Non-current mandatory tax security deposits (Note 20)	  	 	-	 	  	 	13,810	 	
Other	  	 	6,268	 	  	 	5,855	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	$	          29,193	 	  	$	          38,494	 	

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Note 14. Accrued Employee Compensation and Benefits
Accrued employee compensation and benefits consist of the following (in thousands):

 	  	December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	
Accrued compensation	  	$	42,505	 	  	$	38,774	 	
Accrued bonus and commissions	  	 	22,523	 	  	 	17,540	 	
Accrued vacation	  	 	18,848	 	  	 	17,607	 	
Accrued employment taxes	  	 	11,412	 	  	 	12,134	 	
Other	  	 	7,611	 	  	 	6,497	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	$	            102,899	 	  	$	            92,552	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Note 15. Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue consists of the following (in thousands):

 	  	December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	
Future service	  	$	26,353	 	  	$	27,116	 	
Estimated potential penalties and holdbacks	  	 	4,339	 	  	 	6,593	 	
Estimated chargebacks	  	 	4,025	 	  	 	5,027	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	$	            34,717	 	  	$	            38,736	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Note 16. Other Accrued Expenses and Current Liabilities
Other accrued expenses and current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

 	  	December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	
Accrued legal and professional fees	  	$	3,417	 	  	$	2,956	 	
Accrued rent	  	 	2,983	 	  	 	2,911	 	
Accrued roadside assistance claim costs	  	 	2,011	 	  	 	1,997	 	
Accrued utilities	  	 	1,694	 	  	 	1,704	 	
Accrued telephone charges	  	 	1,515	 	  	 	1,444	 	
Accrued equipment and software	  	 	946	 	  	 	745	 	
Customer deposits	  	 	813	 	  	 	2,291	 	
Financial derivatives (Note 10)	  	 	364	 	  	 	2,086	 	
Contingent consideration (Note 4)	  	 	-	 	  	 	6,100	 	
Other	  	 	17,145	 	  	 	15,685	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	$	            30,888	 	  	$	            37,919	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Note 17. Deferred Grants
Deferred grants, net of accumulated amortization, consist of the following (in thousands):

 	  	December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	
Property grants	  	$	2,843	 	  	$	3,353	 	
Lease grants	  	 	507	 	  	 	502	 	
Employment grants	  	 	61	 	  	 	67	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total deferred grants	  	 	3,411	 	  	 	3,922	 	
Less: Lease grants - short-term (1)	  	 	(117	) 	  	 	(94	) 	
Less: Employment grants - short-term (1)	  	 	(61	) 	  	 	(67	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total long-term deferred grants	  	$	            3,233	 	  	$	            3,761	 	

					
(1)  Included in “Other accrued expenses and current liabilities” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.	
 
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Note 18. Borrowings
On May 12, 2015, the Company entered into a $440 million revolving credit facility (the “2015 Credit Agreement”) with a group of lenders and KeyBank National Association, as Lead Arranger, Sole Book Runner, Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and Issuing Lender (“KeyBank”). The 2015 Credit Agreement replaced the Company’s previous $245 million revolving credit facility dated May 3, 2012 (the “2012 Credit Agreement”), as amended, which agreement was terminated simultaneous with entering into the 2015 Credit Agreement. The 2015 Credit Agreement is subject to certain borrowing limitations and includes certain customary financial and restrictive covenants.
The 2015 Credit Agreement includes a $200 million alternate-currency sub-facility, a $10 million swingline sub-facility and a $35 million letter of credit sub-facility, and may be used for general corporate purposes including acquisitions, share repurchases, working capital support and letters of credit, subject to certain limitations. The Company is not currently aware of any inability of its lenders to provide access to the full commitment of funds that exist under the revolving credit facility, if necessary. However, there can be no assurance that such facility will be available to the Company, even though it is a binding commitment of the financial institutions.
The 2015 Credit Agreement matures on May 12, 2020, and had outstanding borrowings of $275.0 million and $267.0 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, included in “Long-term debt” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
On April 1, 2016, the Company borrowed $216.0 million under its 2015 Credit Agreement in connection with the acquisition of Clearlink.
Borrowings under the 2015 Credit Agreement bear interest at the rates set forth in the 2015 Credit Agreement. In addition, the Company is required to pay certain customary fees, including a commitment fee determined quarterly based on the Company’s leverage ratio and due quarterly in arrears and calculated on the average unused amount of the 2015 Credit Agreement.
The 2015 Credit Agreement is guaranteed by all of the Company’s existing and future direct and indirect material U.S. subsidiaries and secured by a pledge of 100% of the non-voting and 65% of the voting capital stock of all the direct foreign subsidiaries of the Company and those of the guarantors.
In May 2015, the Company paid an underwriting fee of $0.9 million for the 2015 Credit Agreement, which is deferred and amortized over the term of the loan, along with the deferred loan fees of $0.4 million related to the 2012 Credit Agreement.
The following table presents information related to our credit agreements (dollars in thousands):

  	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Average daily utilization	  	$	            268,775	 	 	$	            222,612	 	 	$	            69,964	 	
Interest expense (1), (2)	  	$	6,668	 	 	$	3,952	 	 	$	1,307	 	
Weighted average interest rate (2)	  	 	2.5	% 	 	 	1.8	% 	 	 	1.9	% 	

(1)  Excludes the amortization of deferred loan fees.	
  	 				
(2)  Includes the commitment fee.	  	 				
 
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Note 19. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The Company presents data in the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity in accordance with ASC 220, Comprehensive Income (“ASC 220”). ASC 220 establishes rules for the reporting of comprehensive income (loss) and its components. The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consist of the following (in thousands):

 	  	Foreign
Currency
Translation
Gain (Loss)	 	 	Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
on Net
Investment
Hedges	 	 	Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
on Cash
Flow
Hedging
Instruments	 	 	Unrealized
Actuarial
Gain (Loss)
Related to
Pension
Liability	 	 	Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
on Post
Retirement
Obligation	 	 	Total	 	
Balance at January 1, 2015	  	$	(22,076	) 	 	$	276	 	 	$	(111	) 	 	$	1,008	 	 	$	342	 	 	$	    (20,561	) 	
Pre-tax amount	  	 	(37,178	) 	 	 	6,101	 	 	 	1,708	 	 	 	121	 	 	 	(12	) 	 	 	(29,260	) 	
Tax (provision) benefit	  	 	-	 	 	 	(2,207	) 	 	 	32	 	 	 	(2	) 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(2,177	) 	
Reclassification of (gain) loss to net income	  	 	647	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(2,195	) 	 	 	(53	) 	 	 	(63	) 	 	 	(1,664	) 	
Foreign currency translation	  	 	6	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	39	 	 	 	(45	) 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2015	  	 	(58,601	) 	 	 	4,170	 	 	 	(527	) 	 	 	1,029	 	 	 	267	 	 	 	(53,662	) 	
Pre-tax amount	  	 	(13,832	) 	 	 	3,409	 	 	 	(2,313	) 	 	 	212	 	 	 	(9	) 	 	 	(12,533	) 	
Tax (provision) benefit	  	 	-	 	 	 	(1,313	) 	 	 	72	 	 	 	(8	) 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(1,249	) 	
Reclassification of (gain) loss to net income	  	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	527	 	 	 	(52	) 	 	 	(58	) 	 	 	417	 	
Foreign currency translation	  	 	40	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	16	 	 	 	(56	) 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2016	  	 	(72,393	) 	 	 	6,266	 	 	 	(2,225	) 	 	 	1,125	 	 	 	200	 	 	 	(67,027	) 	
Pre-tax amount	  	 	36,101	 	 	 	(8,352	) 	 	 	2,276	 	 	 	527	 	 	 	(30	) 	 	 	30,522	 	
Tax (provision) benefit	  	 	-	 	 	 	3,132	 	 	 	(54	) 	 	 	(18	) 	 	 	-	 	 	 	3,060	 	
Reclassification of (gain) loss to net income	  	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	2,444	 	 	 	(53	) 	 	 	(50	) 	 	 	2,341	 	
Foreign currency translation	  	 	(23	) 	 	 	-	 	 	 	30	 	 	 	(7	) 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2017	  	$	(36,315	) 	 	$	1,046	 	 	$	2,471	 	 	$	1,574	 	 	$	120	 	 	$	(31,104	) 	

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The following table summarizes the amounts reclassified to net income from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and the associated line item in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations (in thousands):

 	  	      Years Ended December 31,      	 	 	 Statements of Operations 
Location	 	
 	  	  2017  	 	 	  2016  	 	 	  2015  	 	 	 	 	
Foreign Currency Translation Gain (Loss): (1)	  				 				 				 				
Pre-tax amount	  	$	-	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	(647	) 	 	 	Other income (expense),
net	 
 	
Tax (provision) benefit	  	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	Income taxes	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 				
Reclassification to net income	  	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(647	) 	 				
Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedging Instruments: (2)	  				 				 				 				
Pre-tax amount	  	 	(2,537	)  	 	 	(558	) 	 	 	2,150	 	 	 	Revenues	 	
Tax (provision) benefit	  	 	93	 	 	 	31	 	 	 	45	 	 	 	Income taxes	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 				
Reclassification to net income	  	 	(2,444	)  	 	 	(527	) 	 	 	2,195	 	 				
Actuarial Gain (Loss) Related to Pension Liability: (3)	  				 				 				 				
Pre-tax amount	  	 	43	 	 	 	40	 	 	 	41	 	 	 	Direct salaries and related
costs	 
 	
Tax (provision) benefit	  	 	10	 	 	 	12	 	 	 	12	 	 	 	Income taxes	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 				
Reclassification to net income	  	 	53	 	 	 	52	 	 	 	53	 	 				
Gain (Loss) on Post Retirement Obligation: (3),(4)	  				 				 				 				
Reclassification to net income	  	 	50	 	 	 	58	 	 	 	63	 	 	 	General and administrative	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 				
Total reclassification of gain (loss) to net income	  	$	    (2,341)	 	 	$	    (417)	 	 	$	    1,664	 	 				
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 				
(1) See Note 26, Other Income (Expense), for further information.
(2) See Note 10, Financial Derivatives, for further information.
(3) See Note 23, Defined Benefit Pension Plan and Postretirement Benefits, for further information.
(4) No related tax (provision) benefit.
As discussed in Note 20, Income Taxes, any remaining outside basis differences associated with the Company’s investments in its foreign subsidiaries are considered to be indefinitely reinvested and no provision for income taxes on those earnings or translation adjustments have been provided.
Note 20. Income Taxes
The income before income taxes consists of the following (in thousands):

 	  	                Years Ended December 31,                 	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Domestic (U.S., state and local)	  	$	9,662	 	  	$	34,761	 	  	$	41,178	 	
Foreign	  	 	71,645	 	  	 	54,123	 	  	 	48,805	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total income before income taxes	  	$	    81,307	 	  	$	    88,884	 	  	$	    89,983	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Significant components of the income tax provision are as follows (in thousands):

 	  	                Years Ended December 31,                 	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Current:	  				  				  				
U.S. federal	  	$	29,986	 	  	$	9,514	 	  	$	7,374	 	
State and local	  	 	855	 	  	 	1,958	 	  	 	1,051	 	
Foreign	  	 	10,342	 	  	 	12,683	 	  	 	10,446	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total current provision for income taxes	  	 	41,183	 	  	 	24,155	 	  	 	18,871	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Deferred:	  				  				  				
U.S. federal	  	$	7,919	 	  	 	2,007	 	  	 	3,873	 	
State and local	  	 	922	 	  	 	(526	) 	  	 	(1,227	) 	
Foreign	  	 	(933	) 	  	 	858	 	  	 	(131	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total deferred provision (benefit) for income taxes	  	 	7,908	 	  	 	2,339	 	  	 	2,515	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total provision for income taxes	  	$	    49,091	 	  	$	    26,494	 	  	$	    21,386	 	

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The temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred income tax provision (benefit) are as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards	  	$	1,231	 	  	$	285	 	  	$	3,564	 	
Accrued expenses/liabilities	  	 	16,470	 	  	 	1,173	 	  	 	2,856	 	
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	(10,571	) 	  	 	1,286	 	  	 	(2,231	) 	
Valuation allowance	  	 	(1,441	) 	  	 	901	 	  	 	(1,958	) 	
Deferred statutory income	  	 	2,479	 	  	 	(1,394	) 	  	 	266	 	
Other	  	 	(260	) 	  	 	88	 	  	 	18	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total deferred provision (benefit) for income taxes	  	$	            7,908	 	  	$	            2,339	 	  	$	            2,515	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The reconciliation of the income tax provision computed at the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to the Company’s effective income tax provision is as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Tax at U.S. federal statutory tax rate	  	$	28,457	 	  	$	31,109	 	  	$	31,494	 	
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit	  	 	594	 	  	 	1,432	 	  	 	(177	) 	
Foreign rate differential	  	 	(14,736	) 	  	 	(15,837	) 	  	 	(14,030	) 	
Tax holidays	  	 	(2,951	) 	  	 	(3,314	) 	  	 	(4,031	) 	
Permanent differences	  	 	8,749	 	  	 	12,768	 	  	 	11,737	 	
Tax credits	  	 	(5,102	) 	  	 	(4,396	) 	  	 	(4,102	) 	
Foreign withholding and other taxes	  	 	2,661	 	  	 	2,667	 	  	 	2,321	 	
Changes in valuation allowance	  	 	(1,689	) 	  	 	994	 	  	 	(631	) 	
Changes in uncertain tax positions	  	 	(1,812	) 	  	 	398	 	  	 	(1,858	) 	
Statutory tax rate changes	  	 	2,536	 	  	 	242	 	  	 	(340	) 	
2017 Tax Reform Act	  	 	32,705	 	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	
Other	  	 	(321	) 	  	 	431	 	  	 	1,003	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total provision for income taxes	  	$	            49,091	 	  	$	            26,494	 	  	$	            21,386	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Withholding taxes on offshore cash movements assessed by certain foreign governments of $1.7 million, $2.0 million and $1.7 million were included in the provision for income taxes in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
On December 22, 2017, the 2017 Tax Reform Act was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Changes include, but are not limited to, a federal corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a participation exemption regime, and a one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. We have estimated our provision for income taxes in accordance with the 2017 Tax Reform Act and guidance available as of the date of this filing and as a result have recorded $32.7 million as additional income tax expense in the fourth quarter of 2017, the period in which the legislation was enacted. The $32.7 million estimate includes the provisional amount related to the one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings of $32.7 million based on cumulative foreign earnings of $531.8 million and $1.0 million of foreign withholding taxes on certain anticipated distributions. The provisional tax expense was partially offset by a provisional benefit of $1.0 million related to the remeasurement of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities, based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future.
No additional income taxes have been provided for any remaining outside basis difference inherent in these entities as these amounts continue to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations. Determining the amount of unrecognized deferred tax liability related to any remaining outside basis difference in these entities is not practicable due to the inherent complexity of the multi-national tax environment in which the Company operates.
On December 22, 2017, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Reform Act. In accordance with SAB 118, we have determined that the deferred tax benefit recorded in connection with the remeasurement of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities and the current tax expense recorded in connection with the transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings was a
 
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provisional amount and a reasonable estimate at December 31, 2017. Additional work is necessary for a more detailed analysis of our deferred tax assets and liabilities and our historical foreign earnings as well as potential correlative adjustments. Any subsequent adjustment to these amounts will be recorded to current tax expense in the quarter of identification, but no later than one year from the enactment date.
The Company has been granted tax holidays in The Philippines, Colombia, Costa Rica and El Salvador. The tax holidays have various expiration dates ranging from 2019 through 2028. In some cases, the tax holidays expire without possibility of renewal. In other cases, the Company expects to renew these tax holidays, but there are no assurances from the respective foreign governments that they will renew them. This could potentially result in future adverse tax consequences in the local jurisdiction, the impact of which is not practicable to estimate due to the inherent complexity of estimating critical variables such as long-term future profitability, tax regulations and rates in the multi-national tax environment in which the Company operates. The Company’s tax holidays decreased the provision for income taxes by $3.0 million ($0.07 per diluted share), $3.3 million ($0.08 per diluted share) and $4.0 million ($0.09 per diluted share) for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income taxes. The temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented below (in thousands):

 	  	December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	
Deferred tax assets:	  				  				
Net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards	  	$	                33,803	 	  	$	                31,297	 	
Valuation allowance	  	 	(32,443	) 	  	 	(30,221	) 	
Accrued expenses	  	 	9,938	 	  	 	25,593	 	
Deferred revenue	  	 	4,544	 	  	 	7,031	 	
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	1,628	 	  	 	1,062	 	
Other	  	 	229	 	  	 	15	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	 	17,699	 	  	 	34,777	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Deferred tax liabilities:	  				  				
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	(12,999	) 	  	 	(23,177	) 	
Deferred statutory income	  	 	(938	) 	  	 	(986	) 	
Accrued liabilities	  	 	(2,849	) 	  	 	(1,604	) 	
Other	  	 	(258	) 	  	 	(104	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	 	(17,044	) 	  	 	(25,871	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net deferred tax assets	  	$	                655	 	  	$	                8,906	 	

 	  	December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	
Classified as follows:	  				  				
Deferred charges and other assets (Note 13)	  	$	                6,657	 	  	$	                12,983	 	
Other long-term liabilities	  	 	(6,002	) 	  	 	(4,077	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net deferred tax assets	  	$	                655	 	  	$	                8,906	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
There are approximately $158.8 million of income tax loss carryforwards as of December 31, 2017, with varying expiration dates, approximately $127.2 million relating to foreign operations and $31.6 million relating to U.S. state operations. With respect to foreign operations, $102.1 million of the net operating loss carryforwards have an indefinite expiration date and the remaining $25.1 million net operating loss carryforwards have varying expiration dates through December 2038. Regarding the foreign and U.S. state aforementioned tax loss carryforwards, no benefit has been recognized for $121.5 million and $23.8 million, respectively, as the Company does not anticipate that the losses will more likely than not be fully utilized.
The Company has accrued $1.3 million and $8.5 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, excluding penalties and interest, for the liability for unrecognized tax benefits. The decrease is primarily due to the effective settlement of the Canadian Revenue Agency audit. The $1.3 million and $8.5 million of the unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, were recorded in “Long-term income tax liabilities” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Had the Company recognized these tax benefits, approximately $1.3 million and $8.5 million, and the related interest and penalties, would have favorably impacted the effective tax rate in 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company anticipates that approximately $0.4 million of the unrecognized tax benefits will be recognized in the next twelve months due to a lapse in the applicable statute of limitations.
 
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The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes. The Company had $1.3 million and $10.8 million accrued for interest and penalties as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Of the accrued interest and penalties at December 31, 2017 and 2016, $0.8 million and $3.5 million, respectively, relate to statutory penalties. The amount of interest and penalties, net, included in the provision for income taxes in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $(9.5) million, $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively.
The tabular reconciliation of the amounts of unrecognized net tax benefits is presented below (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Gross unrecognized tax benefits as of January 1,	  	$	                8,531	 	  	$	                8,116	 	  	$	                13,285	 	
Decreases from settlements with tax authorities	  	 	(10,865	) 	  	 	-	 	  	 	-	 	
Decreases due to lapse in applicable statute of limitations	  	 	(466	) 	  	 	-	 	  	 	(2,206	) 	
Foreign currency translation increases (decreases)	  	 	4,142	 	  	 	415	 	  	 	(2,963	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Gross unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31,	  	$	                1,342	 	  	$	                8,531	 	  	$	                8,116	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The Company received assessments for the Canadian 2003-2009 audit. Requests for Competent Authority Assistance were filed with both the Canadian Revenue Agency and the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and the Company paid mandatory security deposits to Canada as part of this process. The total amount of deposits was $13.8 million as of December 31, 2016 (none at December 31, 2017) and was included in “Deferred charges and other assets” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of June 30, 2017, the Company determined that all material aspects of the Canadian audit were effectively settled pursuant to ASC 740. As a result, the Company recognized an income tax benefit of $1.2 million, net of the U.S. tax impact, and the deposits were applied against the anticipated liability.
With the effective settlement of the Canadian audit, the Company has no significant tax jurisdictions under audit; however, the Company is currently under audit in several tax jurisdictions. The Company believes it is adequately reserved for the remaining audits and their resolution is not expected to have a material impact on its financial conditions and results of operations.
The Company and its subsidiaries file federal, state and local income tax returns as required in the U.S. and in various foreign tax jurisdictions. The major tax jurisdictions and tax years that are open and subject to examination by the respective tax authorities as of December 31, 2017 are tax years 2014 through 2017 for the U.S. The 2003 to 2013 tax years for the U.S. are open to the extent of the tax credit carryforward amounts.
Note 21. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the periods. Diluted earnings per share includes the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the respective periods and the further dilutive effect, if any, from stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and shares held in a rabbi trust using the treasury stock method.
The numbers of shares used in the earnings per share computation are as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	        2017        	 	    	        2016        	 	    	        2015        	 	
Basic:	  				    				    				
Weighted average common shares outstanding	  	 	41,822	 	    	 	41,847	 	    	 	41,899	 	
Diluted:	  				    				    				
Dilutive effect of stock appreciation rights, restricted
stock, restricted stock units and shares held
in rabbi trust	  	 	319	 	    	 	392	 	    	 	548	 	
	  	 	 	 	    	 	 	 	    	 	 	 	
Total weighted average diluted shares outstanding	  	 	42,141	 	    	 	42,239	 	    	 	42,447	 	
	  	 	 	 	    	 	 	 	    	 	 	 	
Anti-dilutive shares excluded from the diluted earnings per
share calculation	  	 	46	 	    	 	20	 	    	 	20	 	

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On August 18, 2011, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) authorized the Company to purchase up to 5.0 million shares of its outstanding common stock (the “2011 Share Repurchase Program”). On March 16, 2016, the Board authorized an increase of 5.0 million shares to the 2011 Share Repurchase Program for a total of 10.0 million shares. A total of 5.3 million shares have been repurchased under the 2011 Share Repurchase Program since inception. The shares are purchased, from time to time, through open market purchases or in negotiated private transactions, and the purchases are based on factors, including but not limited to, the stock price, management discretion and general market conditions. The 2011 Share Repurchase Program has no expiration date.
The shares repurchased under the Company’s share repurchase programs were as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

  	  	 	 	  	Range of Prices Paid Per Share	 	  	 	 	
For the Years Ended	  	Total Number of
Shares
Repurchased	 	  	Low	 	  	High	 	  	Total Cost of
Shares
Repurchased	 	
December 31, 2017	  	 	-	 	  	$	                -	 	  	$	                -	 	  	$	                -	 	
December 31, 2016	  	 	390	 	  	 	27.81	 	  	 	30.00	 	  	 	11,144	 	
December 31, 2015	  	 	860	 	  	 	22.81	 	  	 	25.00	 	  	 	20,879	 	
Note 22. Commitments and Loss Contingency
Lease and Purchase Commitments
The Company leases certain equipment and buildings under operating leases, which expire at various dates through 2035, many with options to cancel at varying points during the lease. Fair value renewal and escalation clauses exist for many of the operating leases. Rental expense, primarily included in “General and administrative” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations, under operating leases was as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Rental expense	  	$	                59,906	 	  	$	                55,584	 	  	$	                47,208	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The following is a schedule of future minimum rental payments required under operating leases that have noncancelable lease terms as of December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

  	  	Amount	 	
2018	  	$	        52,518	 	
2019	  	 	44,717	 	
2020	  	 	37,384	 	
2021	  	 	31,066	 	
2022	  	 	21,416	 	
2023 and thereafter	  	 	55,925	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total minimum payments required	  	$	                243,026	 	
	  	 	 	 	
The Company enters into agreements with third-party vendors in the ordinary course of business whereby the Company commits to purchase goods and services used in its normal operations. These agreements generally are not cancelable, range from one to five year periods and may contain fixed or minimum annual commitments. Certain of these agreements allow for renegotiation of the minimum annual commitments based on certain conditions.
The following is a schedule of future minimum purchases remaining under the agreements as of December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

  	  	Amount	 	
2018	  	$	        51,279	 	
2019	  	 	18,759	 	
2020	  	 	8,033	 	
2021	  	 	128	 	
2022	  	 	-	 	
2023 and thereafter	  	 	-	 	
	  	 	 	 	
Total minimum payments required	  	$	                78,199	 	

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The July 2015 Qelp acquisition included contingent consideration of $6.0 million, based on achieving targets tied to revenues and EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018. On September 26, 2016, the Company entered into an addendum to the Qelp Purchase Agreement with the Sellers to settle the outstanding contingent consideration for EUR 4.0 million ($4.2 million as of December 31, 2016) to be paid by June 30, 2017. The Company paid $4.4 million in May 2017 to settle the outstanding contingent consideration obligation.
As part of the April 2016 Clearlink acquisition, the Company assumed contingent consideration liabilities related to four separate acquisitions made by Clearlink in 2015 and 2016, prior to the Clearlink acquisition. The fair value of the contingent consideration related to these previous acquisitions was $2.8 million as of April 1, 2016 and was based on achieving targets primarily tied to revenues for varying periods of time during 2016 and 2017. As of December 31, 2017, all outstanding contingent consideration obligations were paid.
Indemnities, Commitments and Guarantees
From time to time, during the normal course of business, the Company may make certain indemnities, commitments and guarantees under which it may be required to make payments in relation to certain transactions. These include, but are not limited to: (i) indemnities to clients, vendors and service providers pertaining to claims based on negligence or willful misconduct of the Company and (ii) indemnities involving breach of contract, the accuracy of representations and warranties of the Company, or other liabilities assumed by the Company in certain contracts. In addition, the Company has agreements whereby it will indemnify certain officers and directors for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is, or was, serving at the Company’s request in such capacity. The indemnification period covers all pertinent events and occurrences during the officer’s or director’s lifetime. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited; however, the Company has director and officer insurance coverage that limits its exposure and enables it to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. The Company believes the applicable insurance coverage is generally adequate to cover any estimated potential liability under these indemnification agreements. The majority of these indemnities, commitments and guarantees do not provide for any limitation of the maximum potential for future payments the Company could be obligated to make. The Company has not recorded any liability for these indemnities, commitments and guarantees in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. In addition, the Company has some client contracts that do not contain contractual provisions for the limitation of liability, and other client contracts that contain agreed upon exceptions to limitation of liability. The Company has not recorded any liability in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets with respect to any client contracts under which the Company has or may have unlimited liability.
Loss Contingency
The Company, from time to time, is involved in legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. With respect to these matters, management believes that the Company has adequate legal defenses and/or when possible and appropriate, provided adequate accruals related to those matters such that the ultimate outcome will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
 
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Note 23. Defined Benefit Pension Plan and Postretirement Benefits
Defined Benefit Pension Plans
The Company sponsors non-contributory defined benefit pension plans (the “Pension Plans”) for its covered employees in The Philippines. The Pension Plans provide defined benefits based on years of service and final salary. All permanent employees meeting the minimum service requirement are eligible to participate in the Pension Plans. As of December 31, 2017, the Pension Plans were unfunded. The Company expects to make no cash contributions to its Pension Plans during 2018.
The following table provides a reconciliation of the change in the benefit obligation for the Pension Plans and the net amount recognized, included in “Other long-term liabilities”, in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):

 	  	December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	
Beginning benefit obligation	  	$	        3,551	 	  	$	        3,409	 	
Service cost	  	 	443	 	  	 	443	 	
Interest cost	  	 	194	 	  	 	165	 	
Actuarial (gains) losses	  	 	(521	) 	  	 	(212	) 	
Benefits paid	  	 	(3	) 	  	 	(72	) 	
Effect of foreign currency translation	  	 	(22	) 	  	 	(182	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Ending benefit obligation	  	$	        3,642	 	  	$	        3,551	 	

Unfunded status	  	 	(3,642	) 	  	 	(3,551	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net amount recognized	  	$	                (3,642	)  	  	$	                (3,551	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The actuarial assumptions used to determine the benefit obligations and net periodic benefit cost for the Pension Plans were as follows:

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Discount rate	  	 	5.5-5.6	% 	 	 	5.5-5.6	% 	 	 	5.0-5.4	% 	
Rate of compensation increase	  	 	2.0	% 	 	 	2.0	% 	 	 	2.0	% 	
The Company evaluates these assumptions on a periodic basis taking into consideration current market conditions and historical market data. The discount rate is used to calculate expected future cash flows at a present value on the measurement date, which is December 31. This rate represents the market rate for high-quality fixed income investments. A lower discount rate would increase the present value of benefit obligations. Other assumptions include demographic factors such as retirement, mortality and turnover.
The following table provides information about the net periodic benefit cost and other accumulated comprehensive income for the Pension Plans (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Service cost	  	$	                443	 	  	$	                443	 	  	$	                433	 	
Interest cost	  	 	194	 	  	 	165	 	  	 	135	 	
Recognized actuarial (gains)	  	 	(43	) 	  	 	(40	) 	  	 	(41	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net periodic benefit cost	  	 	594	 	  	 	568	 	  	 	527	 	
Unrealized net actuarial (gains), net of tax	  	 	(1,574	) 	  	 	(1,126	) 	  	 	(1,029	) 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total amount recognized in net periodic benefit
cost and other accumulated comprehensive
income (loss)	  	$	(980	) 	  	$	(558	) 	  	$	(502	) 	

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The estimated future benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are as follows (in thousands):

Years Ending December 31,	  	    Amount    	 	
2018	  	$	                341	 	
2019	  	 	64	 	
2020	  	 	61	 	
2021	  	 	152	 	
2022	  	 	115	 	
2023 - 2027	  	 	965	 	
The Company expects to recognize $0.1 million of net actuarial gains as a component of net periodic benefit cost in 2018.
Employee Retirement Savings Plans
The Company maintains a 401(k) plan covering defined employees who meet established eligibility requirements. Under the plan provisions, the Company matches 50% of participant contributions to a maximum matching amount of 2% of participant compensation. The Company’s contributions included in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations were as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
401(k) plan contributions	  	$	                 1,502	 	  	$	                969	 	  	$	                832	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Split-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangement
In 1996, the Company entered into a split-dollar life insurance arrangement to benefit the former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. Under the terms of the arrangement, the Company retained a collateral interest in the policy to the extent of the premiums paid by the Company. The postretirement benefit obligation included in “Other long-term liabilities” and the unrealized gains (losses) included in “Accumulated other comprehensive income” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows (in thousands):

 	  	December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	
Postretirement benefit obligation	  	$	                15	 	  	$	                27	 	
Unrealized gains (losses) in AOCI (1)	  	 	120	 	  	 	200	 	
(1) Unrealized gains (losses) are due to changes in discount rates related to the postretirement obligation.
Post-Retirement Defined Contribution Healthcare Plan
On January 1, 2005, the Company established a Post-Retirement Defined Contribution Healthcare Plan for eligible employees meeting certain service and age requirements. The plan is fully funded by the participants and accordingly, the Company does not recognize expense relating to the plan.
 
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Note 24. Stock-Based Compensation
The Company’s stock-based compensation plans include the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan, the Non-Employee Director Fee Plan and the Deferred Compensation Plan. The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense (primarily in the Americas), income tax benefits related to the stock-based compensation and excess tax benefits (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Stock-based compensation (expense) (1)	  	 	$        (7,621)	 	  	$	        (10,779)	 	  	$	        (8,749)	 	
Income tax benefit (2)	  	 	2,858	 	  	 	4,150	 	  	 	3,281	 	
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation (3)	  	 	-	 	  	 	2,098	 	  	 	422	 	

(1) Included in “General and administrative” costs in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.	
(2) Included in “Income taxes” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.	
(3) Included in “Additional paid-in capital” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity.	
There were no capitalized stock-based compensation costs as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.
Beginning January 1, 2017, as a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-09, the Company began accounting for forfeitures as they occur, rather than estimating expected forfeitures. The net cumulative effect of this change was recognized as a $0.2 million reduction to retained earnings as of January 1, 2017. Additionally, excess tax benefits from stock compensation are included in “Income taxes” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations subsequent to the adoption of ASU 2016-09.
2011 Equity Incentive Plan — The Company’s Board adopted the Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”) on March 23, 2011, as amended on May 11, 2011 to reduce the number of shares of common stock available to 4.0 million shares. The 2011 Plan was approved by the shareholders at the May 2011 annual shareholders meeting. The 2011 Plan replaced and superseded the Company’s 2001 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2001 Plan”), which expired on March 14, 2011. The outstanding awards granted under the 2001 Plan will remain in effect until their exercise, expiration or termination. The 2011 Plan permits the grant of restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, stock options and other stock-based awards to certain employees of the Company, members of the Company’s Board of Directors and certain non-employees who provide services to the Company in order to encourage them to remain in the employment of, or to faithfully provide services to, the Company and to increase their interest in the Company’s success.
Stock Appreciation Rights — The Board, at the recommendation of the Compensation and Human Resources Development Committee (the “Compensation Committee”), has approved in the past, and may approve in the future, awards of stock-settled stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) for eligible participants. SARs represent the right to receive, without payment to the Company, a certain number of shares of common stock, as determined by the Compensation Committee, equal to the amount by which the fair market value of a share of common stock at the time of exercise exceeds the grant price.
The SARs are granted at the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant and vest one-third on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant, provided the participant is employed by the Company on such date. The SARs have a term of 10 years from the date of grant. In the event of a change in control, the SARs will vest on the date of the change in control, provided that the participant is employed by the Company on the date of the change in control.
All currently outstanding SARs are exercisable within three months after the death, disability, retirement or termination of the participant’s employment with the Company, if and to the extent the SARs were exercisable immediately prior to such termination. If the participant’s employment is terminated for cause, or the participant terminates his or her own employment with the Company, any portion of the SARs not yet exercised (whether or not vested) terminates immediately on the date of termination of employment.
The fair value of each SAR is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model that uses various assumptions. The fair value of the SARs is expensed on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The risk-free rate for periods
 
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within the contractual life of the award is based on the yield curve of a zero-coupon U.S. Treasury bond on the date the award is granted with a maturity equal to the expected term of the award. Exercises and forfeitures are estimated within the valuation model using employee termination and other historical data. The expected term of the SARs granted represents the period of time the SARs are expected to be outstanding.
The following table summarizes the assumptions used to estimate the fair value of SARs granted:

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Expected volatility	  	 	    19.3	% 	 	 	    25.3	% 	 	 	    34.1	% 	
Weighted-average volatility	  	 	    19.3	% 	 	 	    25.3	% 	 	 	    34.1	% 	
Expected dividend rate	  	 	    0.0	% 	 	 	    0.0	% 	 	 	    0.0	% 	
Expected term (in years)	  	 	    5.0	 	 	 	    5.0	 	 	 	    5.0	 	
Risk-free rate	  	 	    1.9	% 	 	 	    1.5	% 	 	 	    1.6	% 	
The following table summarizes SARs activity as of December 31, 2017 and for the year then ended:

Stock Appreciation Rights	  	    Shares    
(000s)	 	  	    Weighted    
Average
Exercise
Price	 	  	Weighted
Average
Remaining
  Contractual  
Term (in
years)	 	  	Aggregate  
Intrinsic  
Value (000s)  	 	
Outstanding at January 1, 2017	  	 	633 	 	  	$	-  	 	  				  				
Granted	  	 	396 	 	  	$	-  	 	  				  				
Exercised	  	 	(215)	 	  	$	-  	 	  				  				
Forfeited or expired	  	 	(80)	 	  	$	-  	 	  				  				
	  	 	 	 	  				  				  				
Outstanding at December 31, 2017	  	 	734 	 	  	$	-  	 	  	 	8.4  	 	  	$	2,182  	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Vested or expected to vest at December 31, 2017	  	 	734 	 	  	$	-  	 	  	 	8.4  	 	  	$	2,182  	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Exercisable at December 31, 2017	  	 	134 	 	  	$	-  	 	  	 	6.6  	 	  	$	832  	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The following table summarizes information regarding SARs granted and exercised (in thousands, except per SAR amounts):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Number of SARs granted	  	 	      396	 	  	 	      323	 	  	 	      217	 	
Weighted average grant-date fair value per SAR	  	$	      6.24	 	  	$	      7.68	 	  	$	      8.17	 	
Intrinsic value of SARs exercised	  	$	      1,763	 	  	$	      1,691	 	  	$	      5,957	 	
Fair value of SARs vested	  	$	      1,846	 	  	$	      1,520	 	  	$	      1,302	 	
The following table summarizes nonvested SARs activity as of December 31, 2017 and for the year then ended:

Nonvested Stock Appreciation Rights	  	Shares
(000s)	 	  	Weighted
Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value	 	
Nonvested at January 1, 2017	  	 	    515	 	  	$	7.76	 	
Granted	  	 	    396	 	  	$	6.24	 	
Vested	  	 	    (241)	 	  	$	7.69	 	
Forfeited or expired	  	 	    (70)	 	  	$	6.93	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				
Nonvested at December 31, 2017	  	 	600	 	  	$	6.88	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				
As of December 31, 2017, there was $2.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to nonvested SARs granted under the 2011 Plan. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.3 years.
Restricted Shares – The Board, at the recommendation of the Compensation Committee, has approved in the past, and may approve in the future, awards of performance and employment-based restricted shares (“restricted shares”) for eligible participants. In some instances, where the issuance of restricted shares has adverse tax consequences to
 
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the recipient, the Board may instead issue restricted stock units (“RSUs”). The restricted shares are shares of the Company’s common stock (or in the case of RSUs, represent an equivalent number of shares of the Company’s common stock) which are issued to the participant subject to (a) restrictions on transfer for a period of time and (b) forfeiture under certain conditions. The performance goals, including revenue growth and income from operations targets, provide a range of vesting possibilities from 0% to 100% and will be measured at the end of the performance period. If the performance conditions are met for the performance period, the shares will vest and all restrictions on the transfer of the restricted shares will lapse (or in the case of RSUs, an equivalent number of shares of the Company’s common stock will be issued to the recipient). The Company recognizes compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, based on the fair value (which approximates the current market price) of the restricted shares (and RSUs) on the date of grant ratably over the requisite service period based on the probability of achieving the performance goals.
Changes in the probability of achieving the performance goals from period to period will result in corresponding changes in compensation expense. The employment-based restricted shares currently outstanding vest one-third on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant, provided the participant is employed by the Company on such date. In the event of a change in control (as defined in the 2011 Plan) prior to the date the restricted shares vest, all of the restricted shares will vest and the restrictions on transfer will lapse with respect to such vested shares on the date of the change in control, provided that participant is employed by the Company on the date of the change in control.
If the participant’s employment with the Company is terminated for any reason, either by the Company or participant, prior to the date on which the restricted shares have vested and the restrictions have lapsed with respect to such vested shares, any restricted shares remaining subject to the restrictions (together with any dividends paid thereon) will be forfeited, unless there has been a change in control prior to such date.
The following table summarizes nonvested restricted shares/RSUs activity as of December 31, 2017 and for the year then ended:

Nonvested Restricted Shares and RSUs	  	Shares
(000s)	 	  	Weighted
Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value	 	
Nonvested at January 1, 2017	  	 	    1,136	 	  	$	25.47	 	
Granted	  	 	    480	 	  	$	29.42	 	
Vested	  	 	    (328)	 	  	$	20.95	 	
Forfeited or expired	  	 	    (179)	 	  	$	25.62	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				
Nonvested at December 31, 2017	  	 	1,109	 	  	$	28.50	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				
The following table summarizes information regarding restricted shares/RSUs granted and vested (in thousands, except per restricted share/RSU amounts):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Number of restricted shares/RSUs granted	  	 	    480	 	  	 	    451	 	  	 	    441	 	
Weighted average grant-date fair value per restricted share/RSU	  	$	    29.42	 	  	$	    30.32	 	  	$	    25.06	 	
Fair value of restricted shares/RSUs vested	  	$	    6,868	 	  	$	    6,785	 	  	$	    2,019	 	
As of December 31, 2017, based on the probability of achieving the performance goals, there was $22.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to nonvested restricted shares/RSUs granted under the 2011 Plan. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.6 years.
Non-Employee Director Fee Plan — The Company’s 2004 Non-Employee Director Fee Plan (the “2004 Fee Plan”), as amended on May 17, 2012, provided that all new non-employee directors joining the Board would receive an initial grant of shares of common stock on the date the new director is elected or appointed, the number of which will be determined by dividing $60,000 by the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the trading day immediately preceding the date a new director is elected or appointed, rounded to the nearest whole number of shares. The initial grant of shares vested in twelve equal quarterly installments, one-twelfth on the date of grant and an additional one-twelfth on each successive third monthly anniversary of the date of grant. The award lapses with
 
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respect to all unvested shares in the event the non-employee director ceases to be a director of the Company, and any unvested shares are forfeited.
The 2004 Fee Plan also provided that each non-employee director would receive, on the day after the annual shareholders meeting, an annual retainer for service as a non-employee director (the “Annual Retainer”). Prior to May 17, 2012, the Annual Retainer was $95,000, of which $50,000 was payable in cash, and the remainder was paid in stock. The annual grant of cash vested in four equal quarterly installments, one-fourth on the day following the annual meeting of shareholders, and an additional one-fourth on each successive third monthly anniversary of the date of grant. The annual grant of shares paid to non-employee directors prior to May 17, 2012 vests in eight equal quarterly installments, one-eighth on the day following the annual meeting of shareholders, and an additional one-eighth on each successive third monthly anniversary of the date of grant. On May 17, 2012, upon the recommendation of the Compensation Committee, the Board adopted the Fifth Amended and Restated Non-Employee Director Fee Plan (the “Amendment”), which increased the common stock component of the Annual Retainer by $30,000, resulting in a total Annual Retainer of $125,000, of which $50,000 was payable in cash and the remainder paid in stock. In addition, the Amendment also changed the vesting period for the annual equity award, from a two-year vesting period, to a one-year vesting period (consisting of four equal quarterly installments, one-fourth on the date of grant and an additional one-fourth on each successive third monthly anniversary of the date of grant). The award lapses with respect to all unpaid cash and unvested shares in the event the non-employee director ceases to be a director of the Company, and any unvested shares and unpaid cash are forfeited.
In addition to the Annual Retainer award, the 2004 Fee Plan also provided for any non-employee Chairman of the Board to receive an additional annual cash award of $100,000, and each non-employee director serving on a committee of the Board to receive an additional annual cash award. The additional annual cash award for the Chairperson of the Audit Committee is $20,000 and Audit Committee members’ are entitled to an annual cash award of $10,000. The annual cash awards for the Chairpersons of the Compensation Committee, Finance Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are $15,000, $12,500 and $12,500, respectively, and all other members of such committees are entitled to an annual cash award of $7,500.
The 2004 Fee Plan expired in May 2014, prior to the 2014 Annual Shareholder Meeting. In March 2014, upon the recommendation of the Compensation Committee, the Board determined that, following the expiration of the 2004 Fee Plan, the compensation of non-employee Directors should continue on the same terms as provided in the Fifth Amended and Restated Non-Employee Director Fee Plan, except the amounts of cash and equity grants shall be determined annually by the Board, and that the stock portion of such compensation would be issued under the 2011 Plan.
At the Board’s regularly scheduled meeting on December 10, 2014, upon the recommendation of the Compensation Committee, the Board determined that the amount of the cash and equity compensation payable to non-employee directors beginning on the date of the 2015 annual shareholder meeting would be increased as follows: cash compensation would be increased by $5,000 per year to a total of $55,000 and equity compensation would be increased by $25,000 per year to a total of $100,000. No change would be made in the additional amounts payable to the Chairman of the Board or the Chairs or members of the various Board committees for their service on such committees, and no changes would be made in the payment terms described above for such cash and equity compensation.
At the Board’s regularly scheduled meeting on December 9, 2015, upon the recommendation of the Compensation Committee, the Board determined that the amount of the cash and equity compensation payable to non-employee directors beginning on the date of the 2016 annual shareholders’ meeting would remain unchanged.
At the Board’s regularly scheduled meeting on December 6, 2016, upon the recommendation of the Compensation Committee, the Board determined that the amount of the cash compensation payable to non-employee directors beginning on the date of the 2017 annual shareholder meeting would be increased by $15,000 per year to a total of $70,000.
The Board may pay additional cash compensation to any non-employee director for services on behalf of the Board over and above those typically expected of directors, including but not limited to service on a special committee of the Board.
 
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The following table summarizes nonvested common stock share award activity as of December 31, 2017 and for the year then ended:

Nonvested Common Stock Share Awards	  	Shares
(000s)	 	  	Weighted
Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value	 	
Nonvested at January 1, 2017	  	 	10	 	  	$	28.69	 	
Granted	  	 	24	 	  	$	32.93	 	
Vested	  	 	(26	) 	  	$	31.52	 	
Forfeited or expired	  	 	-	 	  	$	-	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				
Nonvested at December 31, 2017	  	 	8	 	  	$	32.21	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				
The following table summarizes information regarding common stock share awards granted and vested (in thousands, except per share award amounts):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Number of share awards granted	  	 	      24	 	  	 	      32	 	  	 	      32	 	
Weighted average grant-date fair value per share award	  	$	      32.93	 	  	$	      29.04	 	  	$	      24.70	 	
Fair value of share awards vested	  	$	      850	 	  	$	      850	 	  	$	      790	 	
As of December 31, 2017, there was $0.2 million of total unrecognized compensation costs, net of estimated forfeitures, related to nonvested common stock share awards granted under the 2004 Fee Plan. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.3 years.
Deferred Compensation Plan — The Company’s non-qualified Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Deferred Compensation Plan”), which is not shareholder-approved, was adopted by the Board effective December 17, 1998. It was last amended and restated on August 15, 2017, effective January 1, 2018. Eligibility is limited to a select group of key management and employees who are expected to receive an annualized base salary (which will not take into account bonuses or commissions) that exceeds the amount taken into account for purposes of determining highly compensated employees under Section 414(q) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 based on the current year’s base salary and applicable dollar amounts. The Deferred Compensation Plan provides participants with the ability to defer between 1% and 80% of their compensation (between 1% and 100% prior to June 30, 2016, the effective date of the first amendment) until the participant’s retirement, termination, disability or death, or a change in control of the Company. Using the Company’s common stock, the Company matches 50% of the amounts deferred by participants on a quarterly basis up to a total of $12,000 per year for the president, chief executive officer and executive vice presidents, $7,500 per year for senior vice presidents, global vice presidents and vice presidents, and, effective January 1, 2017, $5,000 per year for all other participants (there was no match for other participants prior to January 1, 2017, the effective date of the second amendment). Matching contributions and the associated earnings vest over a seven-year service period. Vesting will be accelerated in the event of the participant’s death or disability, a change in control or retirement (defined as separate from service after age 65). In the event of a distribution of benefits as a result of a change in control of the Company, the Company will increase the benefit by an amount sufficient to offset the income tax obligations created by the distribution of benefits. Deferred compensation amounts used to pay benefits, which are held in a rabbi trust, include investments in various mutual funds and shares of the Company’s common stock (see Note 11, Investments Held in Rabbi Trust).
As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, liabilities of $11.6 million and $9.4 million, respectively, of the Deferred Compensation Plan were recorded in “Accrued employee compensation and benefits” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Additionally, the Company’s common stock match associated with the Deferred Compensation Plan, with a carrying value of approximately $2.1 million and $1.8 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, is included in “Treasury stock” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 
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The following table summarizes nonvested common stock activity as of December 31, 2017 and for the year then ended:

Nonvested Common Stock	  	Shares
(000s)	 	  	Weighted
Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value	 	
Nonvested at January 1, 2017	  	 	      2	 	  	$	22.77	 	
Granted	  	 	      13	 	  	$	30.49	 	
Vested	  	 	      (11)	 	  	$	29.57	 	
Forfeited or expired	  	 	      (1)	 	  	$	29.81	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				
Nonvested at December 31, 2017	  	 	      3	 	  	$	29.56	 	
	  	 	 	 	  				
The following table summarizes information regarding shares of common stock granted and vested (in thousands, except per common stock amounts):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Number of shares of common stock granted	  	 	      13	 	  	 	      8	 	  	 	      8	 	
Weighted average grant-date fair value per common stock	  	$	      30.49	 	  	$	      29.36	 	  	$	      25.06	 	
Fair value of common stock vested	  	$	      334	 	  	$	      255	 	  	$	      244	 	
Cash used to settle the obligation	  	$	      1,134	 	  	$	  396	 	  	$	      65	 	
As of December 31, 2017, there was $0.1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to nonvested common stock granted under the Deferred Compensation Plan. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.7 years.
Note 25. Segments and Geographic Information
The Company operates within two regions, the Americas and EMEA. Each region represents a reportable segment comprised of aggregated regional operating segments, which portray similar economic characteristics. The Company aligns its business into two segments to effectively manage the business and support the customer care needs of every client and to respond to the demands of the Company’s global customers.
The reportable segments consist of (1) the Americas, which includes the United States, Canada, Latin America, Australia and the Asia Pacific Rim, and provides outsourced customer engagement solutions (with an emphasis on inbound technical support, digital support and demand generation, and customer service) and technical staffing, and (2) EMEA, which includes Europe, the Middle East and Africa, and provides outsourced customer engagement solutions (with an emphasis on technical support and customer service) and fulfillment services. The sites within Latin America, Australia and the Asia Pacific Rim are included in the Americas segment given the nature of the business and client profile, which is primarily made up of U.S.-based companies that are using the Company’s services in these locations to support their customer engagement needs.
 
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Information about the Company’s reportable segments is as follows (in thousands):

 	  	    Americas    	 	 	    EMEA    	 	 	    Other  (1)     	 	 	    Consolidated    	 	
Year Ended December 31, 2017:	  				 				 				 				
Revenues	  	$	1,325,643	 	 	$	260,283	 	 	$	82	 	 	$	1,586,008	 	
Percentage of revenues	  	 	83.6	% 	 	 	16.4	% 	 	 	0.0	% 	 	 	100.0	% 	
	  				 				 				 				
Depreciation, net	  	$	47,730	 	 	$	5,211	 	 	$	3,031	 	 	$	55,972	 	
Amortization of intangibles	  	$	20,144	 	 	$	938	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	21,082	 	
	  				 				 				 				
Income (loss) from operations	  	$	136,235	 	 	$	16,067	 	 	$	(65,411	) 	 	$	86,891	 	
Total other income (expense), net	  				 				 	 	(5,584	) 	 	 	(5,584	) 	
Income taxes	  				 				 	 	(49,091	) 	 	 	(49,091	) 	
	  				 				 				 	 	 	 	
Net income	  				 				 				 	$	32,216	 	

Year Ended December 31, 2016:	  				 				 				 				
Revenues	  	$	1,220,818	 	 	$	239,089	 	 	$	130	 	 	$	1,460,037	 	
Percentage of revenues	  	 	83.6	% 	 	 	16.4	% 	 	 	0.0	% 	 	 	100.0	% 	
	  				 				 				 				
Depreciation, net	  	$	42,436	 	 	$	4,532	 	 	$	2,045	 	 	$	49,013	 	
Amortization of intangibles	  	$	18,329	 	 	$	1,048	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	19,377	 	
	  				 				 				 				
Income (loss) from operations	  	$	140,131	 	 	$	18,380	 	 	$	(66,263	) 	 	$	92,248	 	
Total other income (expense), net	  				 				 	 	(3,364	) 	 	 	(3,364	) 	
Income taxes	  				 				 	 	(26,494	) 	 	 	(26,494	) 	
	  				 				 				 	 	 	 	
Net income	  				 				 				 	$	62,390	 	

Year Ended December 31, 2015:	  				 				 				 				
Revenues	  	$	1,045,415	 	 	$	240,826	 	 	$	99	 	 	$	1,286,340	 	
Percentage of revenues	  	 	81.3	% 	 	 	18.7	% 	 	 	0.0	% 	 	 	100.0	% 	
	  				 				 				 				
Depreciation, net	  	$	37,842	 	 	$	4,559	 	 	$	1,351	 	 	$	43,752	 	
Amortization of intangibles	  	$	13,648	 	 	$	522	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	14,170	 	
	  				 				 				 				
Income (loss) from operations	  	$	135,443	 	 	$	15,336	 	 	$	(56,515	) 	 	$	94,264	 	
Total other income (expense), net	  				 				 	 	(4,281	) 	 	 	(4,281	) 	
Income taxes	  				 				 	 	(21,386	) 	 	 	(21,386	) 	
	  				 				 				 	 	 	 	
Net income	  				 				 				 	$	68,597	 	

	
(1) Other items (including corporate and other costs, other income and expense, and income taxes) are shown for purposes of reconciling to the Company’s consolidated totals as shown in the tables above for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. Inter-segment revenues are not material to the Americas and EMEA segment results.	
The Company’s reportable segments are evaluated regularly by its chief operating decision maker to decide how to allocate resources and assess performance. The chief operating decision maker evaluates performance based upon reportable segment revenue and income (loss) from operations. Because assets by segment are not reported to or used by the Company’s chief operating decision maker to allocate resources, or to assess performance, total assets by segment are not disclosed.
Total revenues by segment from AT&T Corporation (“AT&T”), a major provider of communication services for which the Company provides various customer support services over several distinct lines of AT&T businesses, were as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	
 	  	2017	 	2016	 	2015	
 	  	Amount	 	  	% of
Revenues	 	Amount	 	  	% of
Revenues	 	Amount	 	  	% of
Revenues	
Americas	  	$	    220,010	 	  	16.6%	 	$	    239,033	 	  	19.6%	 	$	    217,449	 	  	20.8%	
EMEA	  	 	-	 	  	0.0%	 	 	-	 	  	0.0%	 	 	3,003	 	  	1.2%	
	  	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		
	  	$	    220,010	 	  	13.9%	 	$	    239,033	 	  	16.4%	 	$	    220,452	 	  	17.1%	

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The Company has multiple distinct contracts with AT&T spread across multiple lines of businesses, which expire at varying dates between 2018 and 2019. The Company has historically renewed most of these contracts. However, there is no assurance that these contracts will be renewed, or if renewed, will be on terms as favorable as the existing contracts. Each line of business is governed by separate business terms, conditions and metrics. Each line of business also has a separate decision maker such that a loss of one line of business would not necessarily impact the Company’s relationship with the client and decision makers on other lines of business. The loss of (or the failure to retain a significant amount of business with) any of the Company’s key clients, including AT&T, could have a material adverse effect on its performance. Many of the Company’s contracts contain penalty provisions for failure to meet minimum service levels and are cancelable by the client at any time or on short notice. Also, clients may unilaterally reduce their use of the Company’s services under the contracts without penalty.
Total revenues by segment from the Company’s next largest client, which was in the financial services vertical in each of the years, were as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	
 	  	2017	 	2016	 	2015	
 	  	Amount	 	  	% of
Revenues	 	Amount	 	  	% of
Revenues	 	Amount	 	  	% of
Revenues	
Americas	  	$	109,475	 	  	8.3%	 	$	90,508	 	  	7.4%	 	$	62,980	 	  	6.0%	
EMEA	  	 	-	 	  	0.0%	 	 	-	 	  	0.0%	 	 	-	 	  	0.0%	
	  	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		
	  	$	  109,475	 	  	6.9%	 	$	  90,508	 	  	6.2%	 	$	  62,980	 	  	4.9%	
	  	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		
Other than AT&T, total revenues by segment of the Company’s clients that each individually represents 10% or greater of that segment’s revenues in each of the periods were as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	
 	  	2017	 	2016	 	2015	
 	  	Amount	 	  	% of
Revenues	 	Amount	 	  	% of
Revenues	 	Amount	 	  	% of
Revenues	
Americas	  	$	-	 	  	0.0%	 	$	-	 	  	0.0%	 	$	-	 	  	0.0%	
EMEA	  	 	104,829	 	  	40.3%	 	 	96,115	 	  	40.2%	 	 	68,720	 	  	28.5%	
	  	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		
	  	$	  104,829	 	  	6.6%	 	$	  96,115	 	  	6.6%	 	$	  68,720	 	  	5.3%	
	  	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		 	 	 	 	  		
The Company’s top ten clients accounted for approximately 46.9%, 49.2% and 48.5% of its consolidated revenues during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
 
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The following table represents a disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers by geographic location for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, by the reportable segment for each category (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Americas:	  				  				  				
United States	  	$	644,870	 	  	$	578,753	 	  	$	422,584	 	
The Philippines	  	 	241,211	 	  	 	235,333	 	  	 	216,170	 	
Costa Rica	  	 	132,542	 	  	 	124,823	 	  	 	114,483	 	
Canada	  	 	112,367	 	  	 	115,226	 	  	 	133,549	 	
El Salvador	  	 	75,800	 	  	 	69,937	 	  	 	63,462	 	
People’s Republic of China	  	 	38,880	 	  	 	34,851	 	  	 	36,270	 	
Australia	  	 	28,442	 	  	 	24,267	 	  	 	23,960	 	
Mexico	  	 	25,496	 	  	 	18,167	 	  	 	18,338	 	
Other	  	 	26,035	 	  	 	19,461	 	  	 	16,599	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total Americas	  	 	1,325,643	 	  	 	1,220,818	 	  	 	1,045,415	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
EMEA:	  				  				  				
Germany	  	 	81,634	 	  	 	78,982	 	  	 	82,120	 	
Sweden	  	 	56,843	 	  	 	59,313	 	  	 	56,600	 	
United Kingdom	  	 	42,247	 	  	 	38,167	 	  	 	50,209	 	
Romania	  	 	27,924	 	  	 	21,387	 	  	 	15,474	 	
Other	  	 	51,635	 	  	 	41,240	 	  	 	36,423	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total EMEA	  	 	260,283	 	  	 	239,089	 	  	 	240,826	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total Other	  	 	82	 	  	 	130	 	  	 	99	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	$	        1,586,008	 	  	$	        1,460,037	 	  	$	        1,286,340	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Revenues are attributed to countries based on location of customer, except for revenues for The Philippines, Costa Rica, the People’s Republic of China and India which are primarily comprised of customers located in the U.S., but serviced by centers in those respective geographic locations.
The following table represents a disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers by product and service type for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, by segment for each category (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Americas:	  				  				  				
Customer engagement solutions and services	  	$	1,324,534	 	  	$	1,219,824	 	  	$	1,041,974	 	
Other revenues	  	 	1,109	 	  	 	994	 	  	 	3,441	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total Americas	  	 	1,325,643	 	  	 	1,220,818	 	  	 	1,045,415	 	
EMEA:	  				  				  				
Customer engagement solutions and services	  	 	252,423	 	  	 	228,667	 	  	 	219,392	 	
Other revenues	  	 	7,860	 	  	 	10,422	 	  	 	21,434	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total EMEA	  	 	260,283	 	  	 	239,089	 	  	 	240,826	 	
Other:	  				  				  				
Other revenues	  	 	82	 	  	 	130	 	  	 	99	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total Other	  	 	82	 	  	 	130	 	  	 	99	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	$	        1,586,008	 	  	$	        1,460,037	 	  	$	        1,286,340	 	

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The Company’s long-lived assets, including property and equipment, net and intangibles, net, by geographic location were as follows (in thousands):

 	  	December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	
Americas:	  				  				
United States	  	$	219,476	 	  	$	230,001	 	
The Philippines	  	 	15,199	 	  	 	14,149	 	
Costa Rica	  	 	9,170	 	  	 	10,848	 	
Canada	  	 	6,400	 	  	 	7,810	 	
El Salvador	  	 	4,048	 	  	 	3,860	 	
People’s Republic of China	  	 	3,840	 	  	 	2,949	 	
Australia	  	 	1,256	 	  	 	1,625	 	
Mexico	  	 	2,812	 	  	 	1,114	 	
Other	  	 	4,482	 	  	 	4,376	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total Americas	  	 	266,683	 	  	 	276,732	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
EMEA:	  				  				
Germany	  	 	2,460	 	  	 	1,934	 	
Sweden	  	 	1,171	 	  	 	1,165	 	
United Kingdom	  	 	3,016	 	  	 	2,570	 	
Romania	  	 	1,929	 	  	 	2,061	 	
Other	  	 	7,241	 	  	 	7,363	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total EMEA	  	 	15,817	 	  	 	15,093	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total Other	  	 	18,567	 	  	 	17,444	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	$	            301,067	 	  	$	            309,269	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Goodwill by segment was as follows (in thousands):

 	  	December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	  	2016	 	
Americas	  	$	258,496	 	  	$	255,842	 	
EMEA	  	 	10,769	 	  	 	9,562	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
	  	$	            269,265	 	  	$	            265,404	 	
	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Note 26. Other Income (Expense)
Other income (expense), net consists of the following (in thousands):

 	  	Years Ended December 31,	 	
 	  	2017	 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses)	  	$	(548	) 	 	$	3,348	 	 	$	(2,924	) 	
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments not designated as hedges	  	 	143	 	 	 	(2,270	) 	 	 	1,374	 	
Gains (losses) on liquidation of foreign subsidiaries	  	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(647	) 	
Other miscellaneous income (expense)	  	 	1,814	 	 	 	521	 	 	 	(287	) 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
	  	$	            1,409	 	 	$	            1,599	 	 	$	            (2,484)	 	
	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Note 27. Related Party Transactions
In January 2008, the Company entered into a lease for a customer engagement center located in Kingstree, South Carolina. The landlord, Kingstree Office One, LLC, is an entity controlled by John H. Sykes, the founder, former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and the father of Charles Sykes, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. The lease payments on the 20-year lease were negotiated at or below market rates, and the lease is cancellable at the option of the Company. There are penalties for early cancellation which decrease over time. The Company paid $0.5 million, $0.4 million and $0.4 million to the landlord during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, under the terms of the lease.
 
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Note 28. Subsequent Event
On January 12, 2018, the Company repaid $175.0 million of long-term debt outstanding under its 2015 Credit Agreement, primarily using funds repatriated from its foreign subsidiaries, resulting in a remaining outstanding debt balance of $100.0 million.
 
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Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
Years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015:

(in thousands)	  	Balance at
Beginning
of Period	 	  	Charged
(Credited)
to Costs and
Expenses	 	 	Additions
(Deductions)  (1)	 	 	Balance at
End of
Period	 	
Allowance for doubtful accounts:	  				  				 				 				
	  				  				 				 				
Year ended December 31, 2017	  	$	2,925	 	  	 	63	 	 	$	(30	) 	 	$	2,958	 	
Year ended December 31, 2016	  	 	3,574	 	  	 	89	 	 	 	(738	) 	 	 	2,925	 	
Year ended December 31, 2015	  	 	4,661	 	  	 	278	 	 	 	(1,365	) 	 	 	3,574	 	
	  				  				 				 				
Valuation allowance for net deferred tax assets:	  				  				 				 				
	  				  				 				 				
Year ended December 31, 2017	  	$	30,221	 	  	$	2,222	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	32,443	 	
Year ended December 31, 2016	  	 	30,065	 	  	 	156	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	30,221	 	
Year ended December 31, 2015	  	 	34,146	 	  	 	(4,081	) 	 	 	-	 	 	 	30,065	 	
	  				  				 				 				
Reserves for value added tax receivables:	  				  				 				 				
	  				  				 				 				
Year ended December 31, 2017	  	$	77	 	  	$	-	 	 	$	(1	) 	 	$	76	 	
Year ended December 31, 2016	  	 	283	 	  	 	(148	) 	 	 	(58	) 	 	 	77	 	
Year ended December 31, 2015	  	 	275	 	  	 	-	 	 	 	8	 	 	 	283	 	
 
(1)  	Net write-offs and recoveries, including the effect of foreign currency translation.	
 
108

EXHIBIT 21.1
SYKES ENTERPRISES, INCORPORATED
LIST OF SUBSIDIARIES
As of March 1, 2018, the Registrant directly or indirectly owned the following subsidiaries. Certain subsidiaries, which in the aggregate do not constitute significant subsidiaries, may be omitted.

 	  	Subsidiary	  	State or Jurisdiction of Organization	
	  	Sykes Australia Pty . Ltd.	  	Australia	
	  	Sykes Financial Services Pty . Ltd.	  	Australia	
	  	Qelp Do Brasil Software E Contuedo Digital LTDA	  	Brazil	
	  	Sykes do Brasil Servicos de Teleatendlmento Para Clientes Ltda	  	Brazil	
	  	Alpine Access Canada, Inc	  	Canada	
	  	ICT Canada Marketing, Inc.	  	Canada	
	  	Sykes Assistance Services Corporation	  	Canada	
	  	Sykes Colombia S.A.S.	  	Colombia	
	  	Sykes Latin America, S.A.	  	Costa Rica	
	  	Sykes Cyprus Limited	  	Cyprus	
	  	Alpine Access, Inc.	  	Delaware	
	  	Clear Link Technologies, LLC	  	Delaware	
	  	ICT Accounts Receivable Management, Inc.	  	Delaware	
	  	ICT Enterprises, Inc.	  	Delaware	
	  	Sykes Acquisition Corp . II	  	Delaware	
	  	Sykes Enterprises Denmark ApS	  	Denmark	
	  	Sykes Egypt LLC	  	Egypt	
	  	Sykes El Salvador, Ltda	  	El Salvador	
	  	Sykes Finland Oyin	  	Finland	
	  	SEI Consulting Services, Inc.	  	Florida	
	  	SEI Employment Services, Inc.	  	Florida	
	  	Sykes Realty, Inc.	  	Florida	
	  	Sykes Telehealth Services, Inc.	  	Florida	
	  	Sykes Enterprises Berlin GmbH & Co. KG	  	Germany	
	  	Sykes Enterprises Bochum GmbH & Co. KG	  	Germany	
	  	Sykes Enterprises GmbH	  	Germany	
	  	Sykes Enterprises Management GmbH	  	Germany	
	  	Sykes Enterprises Support Services B.V. & Co. KG	  	Germany	
	  	Sykes Enterprises Verwaltungs and Management GmbH	  	Germany	
	  	Sykes Central Europe Kft	  	Hungary	
	  	Sykes Business Services of India Private Limited	  	India	
	  	Sykes Enterprises (India) Pvt Ltd	  	India	
	  	Sykes Enterprises Italy S.r.L	  	Italy	
	  	SEI International Services S.a.r.l.	  	Luxembourg	
	  	SEI Offshore Holdings Operations S.a.r.l.	  	Luxembourg	
	  	Sykes India Holdings Corporation	  	Mauritius	
	  	ICT Marketing Services of Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V.	  	Mexico	

					
 	  	Subsidiary	  	State or Jurisdiction of Organization	
	  	Sykes Enterprises Norway AS	  	Norway	
	  	Sykes Enterprises Eastern Europe S.R.L.	  	Romania	
	  	LINK Network Limited	  	Scotland	
	  	Sykes Global Services Limited	  	Scotland	
	  	Sykes Slovakia Sro	  	Slovakia	
	  	Sykes Sweden AB	  	Sweden	
	  	McQueen International B.V.	  	The Netherlands	
	  	Qelp B.V.	  	The Netherlands	
	  	Sykes Enterprises Incorporated BV	  	The Netherlands	
	  	Sykes Enterprises Incorporated Holdings B.V.	  	The Netherlands	
	  	Sykes International Holdings BV	  	The Netherlands	
	  	Sykes Netherlands Group B.V.	  	The Netherlands	
	  	Beijing Pin Yue Information Technology Service Co. Ltd.	  	The People’s Republic of China	
	  	Guangzhou Pin Duo Information Technology Service Co. Ltd.	  	The People’s Republic of China	
	  	Shanghai Pintian Information Technology Service Co., Ltd.	  	The People’s Republic of China	
	  	Suzhou Pin Zhuo Information Technology Service Co. Ltd.	  	The People’s Republic of China	
	  	Sykes (Shanghai) Co. Ltd	  	The People’s Republic of China	
	  	Sykes Information Technology Services (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.	  	The People’s Republic of China	
	  	Sykes Asia Inc.	  	The Philippines	
	  	BuyCalls, LLC	  	Utah	
	  	Clear Link Insurance Agency, LLC	  	Utah	
	  	LeadAmp, LLC	  	Utah	
	  	Local Results, LLC	  	Utah	

EXHIBIT 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement No. 333-178670 on Form S-8 of our reports dated March 1, 2018, relating to the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule of Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated and subsidiaries, and the effectiveness of Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting, appearing in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated for the year ended December 31, 2017.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Tampa, Florida
March 1, 2018

EXHIBIT 31.1
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a)
I, Charles E. Sykes, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:
 
 	(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;	
 
 	(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;	
 
 	(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and	
 
 	(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the company’s most recent fiscal quarter (the company’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and	
5. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: March 1, 2018
/s/ Charles E. Sykes

Charles E. Sykes, President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

EXHIBIT 31.2
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a)
I, John Chapman, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:
 
 	(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;	
 
 	(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;	
 
 	(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and	
 
 	(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the company’s most recent fiscal quarter (the company’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and	
5. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: March 1, 2018
/s/ John Chapman

John Chapman, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EXHIBIT 32.1
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
In connection with the Annual Report of Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Charles E. Sykes, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: March 1, 2018	 	    By:	 	/s/ Charles E. Sykes	
	 		 	                                                                	
	 		 	Charles E. Sykes	
	 		 	President and Chief Executive Officer and Director	
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EXHIBIT 32.2
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
In connection with the Annual Report of Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, John Chapman, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: March 1, 2018	 	    By:	 	/s/ John Chapman	
	 		 	                                                                	
	 		 	John Chapman	
	 		 	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.