UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
(Mark One)
 
☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020
or
 
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the transition period from ____________ to
Commission file number: 001-11015

Viad Corp
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	 	36-1169950	
State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization	 	(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)	
 	 	
1850 North Central Avenue, Suite 1900
Phoenix, Arizona	 	85004-4565	
(Address of principal executive offices)	 	(Zip Code)	
(602) 207-1000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
Title of each class	 	Trading Symbol(s)	 	Name of each exchange on which registered	
Common Stock, $1.50 Par Value	 	VVI	 	New York Stock Exchange	
Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share	 	 
--	 	--	
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files.)    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer	 	☒	 	Accelerated filer	 	☐	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Non-accelerated filer	 	☐	 	Smaller reporting company	 	☐	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Emerging growth company	 	☐	 	 	 	 	
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒
As of August 3, 2020, there were 20,394,746 shares of Common Stock ($1.50 par value) outstanding.

 
INDEX
 
 	 	Page	
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION	
Item 1.	Financial Statements	1	
 	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019	1	
 	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019	2	
 	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019	3	
 	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019	4	
 	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019	6	
 	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7	
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	35	
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	47	
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	47	
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION	
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	48	
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	48	
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	52	
Item 6.	Exhibits	53	
Items 3-5	Not applicable	 	
 	 	 	
SIGNATURES	54	
 
In this report, for periods presented, “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company,” and “Viad Corp” refer to Viad Corp and its subsidiaries.

 

 
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
VIAD CORP
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
 
 	 	June 30,	 	 	December 31,	 		
(in thousands, except share data)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 		
Assets	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Current assets	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Cash and cash equivalents	 	$	154,216	 	 	$	61,999	 		
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $11,296 and $1,200,
   respectively	 	 	29,475	 	 	 	126,246	 		
Inventories	 	 	19,101	 	 	 	17,269	 		
Current contract costs	 	 	7,786	 	 	 	24,535	 		
Other current assets	 	 	24,474	 	 	 	30,854	 		
Total current assets	 	 	235,052	 	 	 	260,903	 		
Property and equipment, net	 	 	482,585	 	 	 	500,901	 		
Other investments and assets	 	 	20,876	 	 	 	45,119	 		
Operating lease right-of-use assets	 	 	95,229	 	 	 	103,314	 		
Deferred income taxes	 	 	—	 	 	 	26,163	 		
Goodwill	 	 	95,159	 	 	 	287,983	 		
Other intangible assets, net	 	 	69,563	 	 	 	94,308	 		
Total Assets	 	$	998,464	 	 	$	1,318,691	 		
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Current liabilities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Accounts payable	 	$	31,927	 	 	$	86,660	 		
Contract liabilities	 	 	26,960	 	 	 	50,671	 		
Accrued compensation	 	 	10,198	 	 	 	32,658	 		
Operating lease obligations	 	 	20,140	 	 	 	22,180	 		
Other current liabilities	 	 	26,371	 	 	 	39,824	 		
Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations	 	 	3,671	 	 	 	5,330	 		
Total current liabilities	 	 	119,267	 	 	 	237,323	 		
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations	 	 	469,828	 	 	 	335,162	 		
Pension and postretirement benefits	 	 	26,016	 	 	 	26,247	 		
Long-term operating lease obligations	 	 	77,743	 	 	 	82,851	 		
Other deferred items and liabilities	 	 	75,248	 	 	 	83,707	 		
Total liabilities	 	 	768,102	 	 	 	765,290	 		
Commitments and contingencies	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	 	 	5,138	 	 	 	6,172	 		
Stockholders’ equity	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Viad Corp stockholders’ equity:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 		
Common stock, $1.50 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 24,934,981 shares
   issued and outstanding	 	 	37,402	 	 	 	37,402	 		
Additional capital	 	 	571,555	 	 	 	574,473	 		
Retained earnings (deficit)	 	 	(171,931	)	 	 	122,971	 		
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	 	 	(53,762	)	 	 	(35,699	)		
Common stock in treasury, at cost, 4,538,028 and 4,588,084 shares, respectively	 	 	(229,492	)	 	 	(231,649	)		
Total Viad stockholders’ equity	 	 	153,772	 	 	 	467,498	 		
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest	 	 	71,452	 	 	 	79,731	 		
Total stockholders’ equity	 	 	225,224	 	 	 	547,229	 		
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	 	$	998,464	 	 	$	1,318,691	 		
 
Refer to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
1

VIAD CORP
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
 
 	 	Three Months Ended	 	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	 	June 30,	 	 	June 30,	 	
(in thousands, except per share data)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Revenue:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Services	 	$	26,205	 	 	$	347,659	 	 	$	301,761	 	 	$	598,300	 	
Products	 	 	4,658	 	 	 	54,620	 	 	 	35,110	 	 	 	89,573	 	
Total revenue	 	 	30,863	 	 	 	402,279	 	 	 	336,871	 	 	 	687,873	 	
Costs and expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Costs of services	 	 	69,380	 	 	 	306,154	 	 	 	353,782	 	 	 	569,510	 	
Costs of products	 	 	11,219	 	 	 	49,683	 	 	 	42,225	 	 	 	83,157	 	
Business interruption gain	 	 	—	 	 	 	(141	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(141	)	
Corporate activities	 	 	2,468	 	 	 	3,282	 	 	 	3,257	 	 	 	5,115	 	
Interest income	 	 	(176	)	 	 	(83	)	 	 	(255	)	 	 	(181	)	
Interest expense	 	 	5,186	 	 	 	2,957	 	 	 	9,204	 	 	 	5,872	 	
Multi-employer pension plan withdrawal	 	 	462	 	 	 	15,508	 	 	 	462	 	 	 	15,508	 	
Other expense	 	 	265	 	 	 	456	 	 	 	684	 	 	 	911	 	
Restructuring charges	 	 	260	 	 	 	4,455	 	 	 	1,111	 	 	 	5,143	 	
Legal settlement	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	8,500	 	
Impairment charges	 	 	114,020	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	202,400	 	 	 	—	 	
Total costs and expenses	 	 	203,084	 	 	 	382,271	 	 	 	612,870	 	 	 	693,394	 	
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	 	 	(172,221	)	 	 	20,008	 	 	 	(275,999	)	 	 	(5,521	)	
Income tax expense (benefit)	 	 	35,516	 	 	 	6,565	 	 	 	19,719	 	 	 	(1,030	)	
Income (loss) from continuing operations	 	 	(207,737	)	 	 	13,443	 	 	 	(295,718	)	 	 	(4,491	)	
Income (loss) from discontinued operations	 	 	(379	)	 	 	460	 	 	 	(833	)	 	 	173	 	
Net income (loss)	 	 	(208,116	)	 	 	13,903	 	 	 	(296,551	)	 	 	(4,318	)	
Net (income) loss attributable to non-redeemable noncontrolling
   interest	 	 	1,634	 	 	 	(331	)	 	 	2,967	 	 	 	89	 	
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest	 	 	204	 	 	 	252	 	 	 	721	 	 	 	276	 	
Net income (loss) attributable to Viad	 	$	(206,278	)	 	$	13,824	 	 	$	(292,863	)	 	$	(3,953	)	
Diluted income (loss) per common share:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Continuing operations attributable to Viad common stockholders	 	$	(10.17	)	 	$	0.65	 	 	$	(14.44	)	 	$	(0.22	)	
Discontinued operations attributable to Viad common stockholders	 	 	(0.02	)	 	 	0.02	 	 	 	(0.05	)	 	 	0.01	 	
Net income (loss) attributable to Viad common stockholders	 	$	(10.19	)	 	$	0.67	 	 	$	(14.49	)	 	$	(0.21	)	
Weighted-average outstanding and potentially dilutive common
   shares	 	 	20,282	 	 	 	20,266	 	 	 	20,249	 	 	 	20,110	 	
Basic income (loss) per common share:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Continuing operations attributable to Viad common stockholders	 	$	(10.17	)	 	$	0.65	 	 	$	(14.44	)	 	$	(0.22	)	
Discontinued operations attributable to Viad common stockholders	 	 	(0.02	)	 	 	0.02	 	 	 	(0.05	)	 	 	0.01	 	
Net income (loss) attributable to Viad common stockholders	 	$	(10.19	)	 	$	0.67	 	 	$	(14.49	)	 	$	(0.21	)	
Weighted-average outstanding common shares	 	 	20,282	 	 	 	20,143	 	 	 	20,249	 	 	 	20,110	 	
Dividends declared per common share	 	$	—	 	 	$	0.10	 	 	$	0.10	 	 	$	0.20	 	
Amounts attributable to Viad common stockholders	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income (loss) from continuing operations	 	$	(205,899	)	 	$	13,364	 	 	$	(292,030	)	 	$	(4,126	)	
Income (loss) from discontinued operations	 	 	(379	)	 	 	460	 	 	 	(833	)	 	 	173	 	
Net income (loss)	 	$	(206,278	)	 	$	13,824	 	 	$	(292,863	)	 	$	(3,953	)	
 
Refer to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
2

VIAD CORP
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Unaudited)
 
 	 	Three Months Ended	 	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	 	June 30,	 	 	June 30,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Net income (loss)	 	$	(208,116	)	 	$	13,903	 	 	$	(296,551	)	 	$	(4,318	)	
Other comprehensive income (loss):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments	 	 	9,784	 	 	 	4,317	 	 	 	(18,374	)	 	 	9,097	 	
Change in net actuarial loss, net of tax (1)	 	 	25	 	 	 	99	 	 	 	366	 	 	 	219	 	
Change in prior service cost, net of tax (1)	 	 	(28	)	 	 	(36	)	 	 	(55	)	 	 	(71	)	
Comprehensive income (loss)	 	 	(198,335	)	 	 	18,283	 	 	 	(314,614	)	 	 	4,927	 	
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to non-redeemable
   noncontrolling interest	 	 	1,634	 	 	 	(331	)	 	 	2,967	 	 	 	89	 	
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments	 	 	1,933	 	 	 	776	 	 	 	(3,786	)	 	 	776	 	
Redeemable noncontrolling interest:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest	 	 	204	 	 	 	252	 	 	 	721	 	 	 	276	 	
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Viad	 	$	(194,564	)	 	$	18,980	 	 	$	(314,712	)	 	$	6,068	 	
 
(1)	The tax effect on other comprehensive income (loss) is not significant.	
Refer to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
3

VIAD CORP
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)
 
(in thousands)	 	Common
Stock	 	 	Additional
Capital	 	 	Retained
Earnings (Deficit)	 	 	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	 	 	Common
Stock in
Treasury	 	 	Total
Viad
Equity	 	 	Non-Redeemable Non-Controlling
Interest	 	 	Total
Stockholders’
Equity	 	
Balance, December 31, 2019	 	$	37,402	 	 	$	574,473	 	 	$	122,971	 	 	$	(35,699	)	 	$	(231,649	)	 	$	467,498	 	 	$	79,731	 	 	$	547,229	 	
Net loss	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(86,585	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(86,585	)	 	 	(1,333	)	 	 	(87,918	)	
Dividends on common stock ($0.10 per share)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2,038	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2,038	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2,038	)	
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(1,526	)	 	 	(1,526	)	
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(1,059	)	 	 	(1,059	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(1,059	)	
Common stock purchased for treasury	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2,785	)	 	 	(2,785	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2,785	)	
Employee benefit plans	 	 	—	 	 	 	(3,810	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	5,722	 	 	 	1,912	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	1,912	 	
Share-based compensation - equity awards	 	 	—	 	 	 	276	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	276	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	276	 	
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(28,158	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(28,158	)	 	 	(5,719	)	 	 	(33,877	)	
Amortization of net actuarial loss, net of tax	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	341	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	341	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	341	 	
Amortization of prior service cost, net of tax	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(27	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(27	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(27	)	
Other, net	 	 	—	 	 	 	(80	)	 	 	(1	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	1	 	 	 	(80	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(80	)	
Balance, March 31, 2020	 	$	37,402	 	 	$	570,859	 	 	$	34,347	 	 	$	(63,543	)	 	$	(229,770	)	 	$	349,295	 	 	$	71,153	 	 	$	420,448	 	
Net loss	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(206,278	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(206,278	)	 	 	(1,634	)	 	 	(207,912	)	
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(3	)	 	 	(3	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(3	)	
Common stock purchased for treasury	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Employee benefit plans	 	 	—	 	 	 	48	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	282	 	 	 	330	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	330	 	
Share-based compensation - equity awards	 	 	—	 	 	 	602	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	602	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	602	 	
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	9,784	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	9,784	 	 	 	1,933	 	 	 	11,717	 	
Amortization of net actuarial loss, net of tax	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	25	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	25	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	25	 	
Amortization of prior service cost, net of tax	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(28	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(28	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(28	)	
Other, net	 	 	—	 	 	 	46	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(1	)	 	 	45	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	45	 	
Balance, June 30, 2020	 	$	37,402	 	 	$	571,555	 	 	$	(171,931	)	 	$	(53,762	)	 	$	(229,492	)	 	$	153,772	 	 	$	71,452	 	 	$	225,224	 	
Refer to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
4

VIAD CORP
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Continued)
(Unaudited)
 
(in thousands)	 	Common
Stock	 	 	Additional
Capital	 	 	Retained
Earnings	 	 	Unearned
Employee Benefits
and Other	 	 	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	 	 	Common
Stock in
Treasury	 	 	Total
Viad
Equity	 	 	Non-Redeemable Non-Controlling
Interest	 	 	Total
Stockholders’
Equity	 	
Balance, December 31, 2018	 	$	37,402	 	 	$	575,339	 	 	$	109,032	 	 	$	199	 	 	$	(47,975	)	 	$	(237,790	)	 	$	436,207	 	 	$	14,348	 	 	$	450,555	 	
Net loss	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(17,777	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(17,777	)	 	 	(420	)	 	 	(18,197	)	
Dividends on common stock ($0.10 per share)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2,028	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2,028	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2,028	)	
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2,905	)	 	 	(2,905	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2,905	)	
Employee benefit plans	 	 	—	 	 	 	(4,302	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	5,522	 	 	 	1,220	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	1,220	 	
Share-based compensation - equity awards	 	 	—	 	 	 	780	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	780	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	780	 	
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	4,780	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	4,780	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	4,780	 	
Amortization of net actuarial loss, net of tax	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	120	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	120	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	120	 	
Amortization of prior service cost, net of tax	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(35	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(35	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(35	)	
Other, net	 	 	—	 	 	 	16	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	24	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	1	 	 	 	41	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	41	 	
Balance, March 31, 2019	 	$	37,402	 	 	$	571,833	 	 	$	89,227	 	 	$	223	 	 	$	(43,110	)	 	$	(235,172	)	 	$	420,403	 	 	$	13,928	 	 	$	434,331	 	
Net income	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	13,824	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	13,824	 	 	 	331	 	 	 	14,155	 	
Dividends on common stock ($0.10 per share)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2,006	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2,006	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2,006	)	
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(89	)	 	 	(89	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(89	)	
Employee benefit plans	 	 	—	 	 	 	301	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	1,301	 	 	 	1,602	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	1,602	 	
Share-based compensation - equity awards	 	 	—	 	 	 	781	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	781	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	781	 	
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	4,317	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	4,317	 	 	 	776	 	 	 	5,093	 	
Amortization of net actuarial loss, net of tax	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	99	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	99	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	99	 	
Amortization of prior service cost, net of tax	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(36	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(36	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(36	)	
Acquisition of Mountain Park Lodges	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	49,711	 	 	 	49,711	 	
Other, net	 	 	—	 	 	 	16	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(223	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	221	 	 	 	14	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	14	 	
Balance, June 30, 2019	 	$	37,402	 	 	$	572,931	 	 	$	101,045	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	(38,730	)	 	$	(233,739	)	 	$	438,909	 	 	$	64,746	 	 	$	503,655	 	
Refer to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
5

VIAD CORP
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
 
 	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	 	June 30,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Cash flows from operating activities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net loss	 	$	(296,551	)	 	$	(4,318	)	
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization	 	 	29,135	 	 	 	27,715	 	
Deferred income taxes	 	 	19,514	 	 	 	6,215	 	
(Income) loss from discontinued operations	 	 	833	 	 	 	(173	)	
Restructuring charges	 	 	1,111	 	 	 	5,143	 	
Legal settlement	 	 	—	 	 	 	8,500	 	
Impairment charges	 	 	202,400	 	 	 	—	 	
Gains on dispositions of property and other assets	 	 	(1,373	)	 	 	(731	)	
Share-based compensation (benefit) expense	 	 	(1,288	)	 	 	4,617	 	
Multi-employer pension plan withdrawal	 	 	462	 	 	 	15,508	 	
Other non-cash items, net	 	 	11,470	 	 	 	2,227	 	
Change in operating assets and liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Receivables	 	 	97,979	 	 	 	(51,293	)	
Inventories	 	 	(2,120	)	 	 	(4,518	)	
Current contract costs	 	 	16,185	 	 	 	(2,000	)	
Accounts payable	 	 	(59,887	)	 	 	31,303	 	
Restructuring liabilities	 	 	(2,359	)	 	 	(4,034	)	
Accrued compensation	 	 	(22,562	)	 	 	3,647	 	
Contract liabilities	 	 	(22,499	)	 	 	17,259	 	
Payments on operating lease obligations	 	 	(12,624	)	 	 	(13,603	)	
Income taxes payable	 	 	489	 	 	 	(4,060	)	
Other assets and liabilities, net	 	 	10,520	 	 	 	2,133	 	
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	 	 	(31,165	)	 	 	39,537	 	
Cash flows from investing activities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Capital expenditures	 	 	(32,516	)	 	 	(46,517	)	
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies	 	 	24,767	 	 	 	—	 	
Cash paid for acquisitions, net	 	 	—	 	 	 	(72,918	)	
Proceeds from dispositions of property and other assets	 	 	4,654	 	 	 	768	 	
Net cash used in investing activities	 	 	(3,095	)	 	 	(118,667	)	
Cash flows from financing activities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Proceeds from borrowings	 	 	192,111	 	 	 	133,827	 	
Payments on debt and finance lease obligations	 	 	(56,078	)	 	 	(47,862	)	
Dividends paid on common stock	 	 	(4,064	)	 	 	(4,034	)	
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	 	 	(1,526	)	 	 	—	 	
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld or repurchased	 	 	(1,062	)	 	 	(2,994	)	
Common stock purchased for treasury	 	 	(2,785	)	 	 	—	 	
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	 	 	2,077	 	 	 	92	 	
Net cash provided by financing activities	 	 	128,673	 	 	 	79,029	 	
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	 	 	(2,196	)	 	 	786	 	
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	 	 	92,217	 	 	 	685	 	
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year	 	 	61,999	 	 	 	44,893	 	
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	 	$	154,216	 	 	$	45,578	 	
 
Refer to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
6

VIAD CORP
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
 
Note 1. Overview and Basis of Presentation
Nature of Business
We are an international experiential services company with operations in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, continental Europe, the United Arab Emirates, and Iceland. We are committed to providing unforgettable experiences to our clients and guests. We operate through three reportable business segments: GES North America, GES EMEA (collectively, “GES”), and Pursuit.
GES
GES is a global, full-service live events company offering a comprehensive range of services to event organizers and corporate brand marketers. Event organizers schedule and run events from start to finish. Corporate brand marketers include exhibitors and domestic and international corporations that want to promote their brands, services and innovations, feature new products, and build business relationships. GES serves corporate brand marketers when they exhibit at shows and when GES is engaged to manage their global exhibit program or produce their proprietary corporate events.
Pursuit
Pursuit is a collection of inspiring and unforgettable travel experiences that include recreational attractions, unique hotels and lodges, food and beverage, retail, sightseeing, and ground transportation services. Pursuit comprises the Banff Jasper Collection, the Alaska Collection, the Glacier Park Collection, and FlyOver.
Impact of COVID-19
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a “pandemic.” COVID-19 has spread rapidly, with a high concentration of confirmed cases in the U.S. and other countries in which we operate. The rapid spread has resulted in authorities around the world implementing numerous measures to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, and business shutdowns. The COVID-19 pandemic and these containment measures have had, and are expected to continue to have, a substantial negative impact on businesses around the world and on global, regional, and national economies.
The COVID-19 pandemic is having and will likely continue to have a significant and negative impact on our operations and financial performance, with live events largely shut down and tourism activity disruptions. As a result, we have taken the following measures to improve our liquidity position due to COVID-19:
 	•	We implemented aggressive cost reduction actions, including furloughs, layoffs, mandatory unpaid time off, or salary reductions for all employees;	
 	•	Our executive management voluntarily reduced its base salaries by 20% to 50%;	
 	•	The non-employee members of our Board of Directors agreed to reduce their annual cash retainer and committee retainers by 50% for payments typically made to them in the second quarter of 2020;	
 	•	We eliminated all discretionary spending, reduced maintenance capital expenditures to essential levels, and paused spending on the majority of growth projects;	
 	•	We suspended future dividend payments, share repurchases, and our 401(k) Plan employer match contributions for the foreseeable future;	
 	•	We availed ourselves of governmental assistance programs for wages and tax relief;	
 	•	We borrowed the remaining available capacity under the revolving credit facility (the “2018 Credit Facility”) at the beginning of April 2020 as a proactive measure to increase our cash position and preserve financial flexibility. Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Lease Obligations;	
 	•	In May 2020, we obtained a waiver of our financial covenants for the quarter ending June 30, 2020. Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Lease Obligations;	
 	•	In May 2020, we terminated our legacy life insurance policies on former employees and received the cash proceeds of $24.8 million. Refer to Note 8 – Other Investments and Assets;	
 	•	In July 2020, we sold a GES warehouse in San Diego and received cash proceeds of $17.0 million. Refer to Note 24 – Subsequent Events;	
 	•	In August 2020, we secured a new equity capital investment of up to $180 million through the issuance of perpetual convertible preferred stock. Refer to Note 24 – Subsequent Events; and	
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 	•	In August 2020, we obtained longer-term financial covenant relief until the end of the third quarter of 2022. Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Lease Obligations and Note 24 – Subsequent Events.	
 
As previously disclosed in our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2020, the shut-down of live event and tourism activities resulting in substantial net losses and operating cash outflows and the expected inability to maintain compliance with debt covenants raised substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period through one year from the issuance of the financial statements. Accordingly, the entire balances outstanding under the 2018 Credit Facility as of March 31, 2020, had been classified as current liabilities. On August 5, 2020, we entered into an investment agreement with funds managed by private equity firm Crestview Partners (the “Investment Agreement”) who made an initial investment of $135 million, net of approximately $9 million in fees, in newly issued perpetual convertible preferred stock that carries a 5.5% dividend, which is payable in cash or in-kind at Viad’s option (the “Convertible Preferred Stock”). The Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $21.25 per share. The Investment Agreement also includes a delayed draw commitment of up to $45 million in additional Convertible Preferred Stock, which we may access during the next 12 months on the same terms and conditions as the initial investment (subject to shareholder approval). The proceeds from Crestview’s initial investment will be used to repay a portion of our 2018 Credit Facility, provide additional short-term liquidity, fund capital expenditures, and support general corporate purposes. Pursuant to the Investment Agreement, two Crestview Partners’ designees joined our Board of Directors, increasing the size of our board from seven to nine directors. On August 5, 2020 we entered into an amendment to our Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “2018 Credit Agreement”), which, among other things, (i) waives our financial covenants until the end of the third quarter of 2022 (the “Covenant Waiver Period”) and (ii) requires us to maintain minimum liquidity of $125 million with a step down to $100 million at December 31, 2020. The interest rate on the borrowings is equal to the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus 350 basis points, with a LIBOR floor of one percent during the Covenant Waiver Period. The LIBOR floor continues until the end of the 2018 Credit Agreement. Additionally, we are precluded from paying cash dividends, from issuing unsecured debt, and from accessing the $250 million expansion feature during the Covenant Waiver Period. The amendment also allows us to make acquisitions under certain conditions. Viad pledged 100% of the capital stock of its top-tier foreign subsidiaries (other than Esja Attractions ehf.). Fees related to the amendment were approximately $1.6 million. Management anticipates that the forgoing cash proceeds from Crestview Partners, existing cash and cash equivalents, and the amendment to waive financial covenants within the 2018 Credit Agreement until the end of the third quarter of 2022 will be sufficient to fund operations for at least the next 12 months and alleviate the conditions that raised substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. As a result, outstanding balances under the 2018 Credit Facility as of June 30, 2020, have again been classified as long-term liabilities.
Due to the deteriorating macroeconomic environment, disruptions to our operations, and the sustained decline in our stock price caused by COVID-19, we determined an interim triggering event had occurred in the first quarter of 2020, which required us to assess the carrying values of goodwill and intangible assets in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other. Based on this assessment, we recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $72.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 associated with the GES U.S., GES EMEA, and Pursuit’s Glacier Park Collection reporting units. Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2020, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge to other intangible assets of $15.7 million related to our U.S. audio-visual production business.
During the second quarter of 2020 and into July, GES continued to experience event postponements and cancellations and we experienced further declines in our stock price. There has also been an increased spread of the COVID-19 virus throughout the United States, which resulted in further closures and governor orders that we believe have increased the uncertainty regarding when the live event industry will re-commence and how long it will take to get back to similar pre-COVID-19 business levels. The uncertainty regarding the duration of the current domestic and global economic conditions and whether further deterioration in the macroeconomic environment will continue as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic was factored into our second quarter goodwill impairment analysis. As a result, we recorded a full impairment charge to the remaining GES goodwill balance of $113.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020. Our remaining goodwill balance as of June 30, 2020 of $95.2 million pertains to our Pursuit business, which phased in most of its attractions and lodging operations in June and July of 2020. The duration and impact of COVID-19 may result in additional future impairment charges as facts and circumstances evolve. Refer to Note 9 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets for additional information.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X for interim financial information. Accordingly, these financial statements do not include all of the information required by GAAP or SEC rules and regulations for complete financial statements. These financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on February 26, 2020
8

(“2019 Form 10-K”). We corrected the classification of debt as of December 31, 2019. Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Lease Obligations.
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Viad and its subsidiaries. We have eliminated all significant intercompany account balances and transactions in consolidation.
Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The following table provides a brief description of recent accounting pronouncements:
 
Standard	 	Description	 	Date of adoption	 	Effect on the financial statements	
Standards Not Yet Adopted	
ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes	 	The amendment enhances and simplifies various aspects of the income tax accounting guidance, including requirements such as ownership changes in investments, and interim-period accounting for enacted changes in tax law.	 	1/1/2021	 	We are currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this new guidance on our consolidated financial statements. We do not expect this new guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.	
 
Standard	 	Description	 	Date of adoption	 	Effect on the financial statements	
Standards Recently Adopted	
ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments	 	The amendment eliminates the incurred credit loss impairment methodology and replaces it with an expected credit loss concept based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts.	 	1/1/2020	 	We adopted this new standard on a modified retrospective basis. The adoption of this new standard on January 1, 2020 did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.	
ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)	 	The amendment provides temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. Topic 848 provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met.	 	3/12/2020	 	Topic 848 was effective beginning on March 12, 2020, and we will apply the amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022. There was no impact to our condensed consolidated financial statements as a result of adopting this amendment.	

 
Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period. Estimates and assumptions are used in accounting for, among other things: impairment testing of recorded goodwill and intangible assets and long-lived assets; allowances for uncollectible accounts receivable; provisions for income taxes, including uncertain tax positions; valuation allowances related to deferred tax assets; liabilities for losses related to self-insured liability claims; liabilities for losses related to environmental remediation obligations; sublease income associated with restructuring liabilities; pension and postretirement benefit costs and obligations; share-based compensation costs; the discount rates used to value lease obligations; the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests; and the allocation of purchase price of acquired businesses. Actual results could differ from these and other estimates.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is measured based on a specified amount of consideration in a contract with a customer, net of commissions paid to customers and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. We recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of a product or service to a customer.
GES’ service revenue is primarily derived through its comprehensive range of services to event organizers and corporate brand marketers including Core Services, Event Technology, and Audio-Visual. GES’ service revenue is earned over time over the duration
9

of the exhibition, conference, or corporate event, which generally lasts one to three days. GES’ product revenue is derived from the build of exhibits and environments and graphics. GES’ product revenue is recognized at a point in time upon delivery of the product.
Pursuit’s service revenue is derived through its admissions, accommodations, transportation, and travel planning services. Pursuit’s product revenue is derived through food and beverage and retail sales. Pursuit’s revenue is recognized at the time services are performed or upon delivery of the product. Pursuit’s service revenue is recognized over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits. Pursuit’s product revenue is recognized at a point in time.
Noncontrolling Interests – Non-redeemable and Redeemable
Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest represents the portion of equity in a subsidiary that is not attributable, directly or indirectly, to us. Our non-redeemable noncontrolling interest relates to the 20% equity ownership interest that we do not own in Glacier Park, Inc., the 40% equity interest that we do not own in the Mountain Park Lodges, and the 49% equity interest that we do not own in the new entity that will operate the Pursuit Sky Lagoon attraction. We report non-redeemable noncontrolling interest within stockholders’ equity in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of consolidated net income or loss attributable to Viad and the non-redeemable noncontrolling interest is presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
We consider noncontrolling interests with redemption features that are not solely within our control to be redeemable noncontrolling interests. Our redeemable noncontrolling interest relates to our 54.5% equity ownership interest in Esja Attractions ehf. (“Esja”), which owns the FlyOver Iceland attraction. The Esja shareholders agreement contains a put option that gives the minority Esja shareholders the right to sell (or “put”) their Esja shares to us based on a calculated formula within a predefined term. This redeemable noncontrolling interest is considered temporary equity and we report it between liabilities and stockholders’ equity in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of the net income or loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests is recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and the accretion of the redemption value is recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings and is included in our income per share. Refer to Note 21 – Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest for additional information.
Leases
We recognize a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability on the balance sheet and classify leases as either finance or operating leases. The classification of the lease determines whether we recognize the lease expense on an effective interest method basis (finance lease) or on a straight-line basis (operating lease) over the lease term. In determining whether an agreement contains a lease, we consider if we have a right to control the use of the underlying asset during the lease term in exchange for an obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. We recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities at commencement date, which is when the underlying asset is available for use to a lessee, based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term.
Our operating and finance leases are primarily facility, equipment, and land leases. Our facility leases comprise mainly manufacturing facilities, sales and design facilities, offices, storage and/or warehouses, and truck marshaling yards. These facility leases generally have lease terms ranging up to 25 years. Our equipment leases comprise mainly vehicles, hardware, and office equipment, each with various lease terms. Our land leases comprise mainly leases in Canada and Iceland on which our hotels or attractions are located and have lease terms ranging up to 42 years.
If a lease contains a renewal option that is reasonably certain to be exercised, then the lease term includes the optional periods in measuring a ROU asset and lease liability. We evaluate the reasonably certain threshold at lease commencement, and it is typically met if we identify substantial economic incentives or termination penalties. We do not include variable leases and variable non-lease components in the calculation of the ROU asset and corresponding lease liability. For facility leases, variable lease costs include the costs of common area maintenance, taxes, and insurance for which we pay our lessors an estimate that we adjust to actual expense on a quarterly or annual basis depending on the underlying contract terms. We expense these variable lease payments as incurred. Our lease agreements do not contain any significant residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants.
Substantially all of our lease agreements do not specify an implicit borrowing rate, and as such, we utilize an incremental borrowing rate based on lease term and country, in order to calculate the present value of our future lease payments. The discount rate represents a risk-adjusted rate on a collateralized basis and is the expected rate at which we would borrow funds to satisfy the scheduled lease liability payment streams commensurate with the lease term and the country.
We are also a lessor to third party tenants who either lease certain portions of facilities that we own or sublease certain portions of facilities that we lease. We record lease income from owned facilities as rental income and we record sublease income from leased facilities against lease expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. We classify all of our leases for which we are the lessor as operating leases.
10

Note 2. Revenue and Related Contract Costs and Contract Liabilities
GES’ performance obligations consist of services or product(s) outlined in a contract. While we often sign multi-year contracts for recurring events, the obligations for each occurrence are well defined and conclude upon the occurrence of each event. The obligations are typically the provision of services and/or sale of a product in connection with an exhibition, conference, or other event. GES’ revenue is earned over time over the duration of the event, but as a practical expedient we recognize revenue when we have a right to invoice at the close of the exhibition, conference, or corporate event, which typically lasts one to three days or when a customer cancels a contract. We recognize revenue for consumer events over the duration of the event. We recognize revenue for products either upon delivery to the customer’s location, upon delivery to an event that we are serving, or when we have the right to invoice, generally at the close of the exhibition, conference, or corporate event, or when a customer cancels a contract. If a customer cancels a contract, then GES is generally contractually able to invoice the customer for contract costs that have been incurred by GES in preparing for the exhibition, conference, or corporate event. Payment terms are generally within 30-60 days and contain no significant financing components.
Pursuit’s performance obligations are short-term in nature. They include the provision of a hotel room, an attraction admission, a chartered or ticketed bus or van ride, the fulfillment of travel planning itineraries, and/or the sale of food, beverage, or retail products. We recognize revenue when the service has been provided or the product has been delivered. When we extend credit, payment terms are generally within 30 days and contain no significant financing components.
Contract Liabilities
GES and Pursuit typically receive customer deposits prior to transferring the related product or service to the customer. We record these deposits as a contract liability, which are recognized as revenue upon satisfaction of the related contract performance obligation(s). GES also provides customer rebates and volume discounts to certain event organizers that we recognize as a reduction of revenue. We include these amounts in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets under the captions “Contract liabilities” and “Other deferred items and liabilities.”
Changes to contract liabilities are as follows:

(in thousands)	 	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2019	 	$	50,796	 	
Cash additions	 	 	95,966	 	
Revenue recognized	 	 	(117,844	)	
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	 	 	(1,194	)	
Balance at June 30, 2020	 	$	27,724	 	
Contract Costs
GES capitalizes certain incremental costs incurred in obtaining and fulfilling contracts. Capitalized costs principally relate to direct costs of materials and services incurred in fulfilling services of future exhibitions, conferences, and events, and also include up-front incentives and commissions incurred upon contract signing. We expense costs associated with preliminary contract activities (i.e. proposal activities) as incurred. Capitalized contract costs are expensed upon the transfer of the related goods or services and are included in cost of services or cost of products, as applicable. We include the deferred incremental costs of obtaining and fulfilling contracts in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets under the captions “Current contract costs” and “Other investments and assets.”
Changes to contract costs are as follows:

(in thousands)	 	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2019	 	$	28,496	 	
Additions	 	 	13,988	 	
Expenses	 	 	(21,299	)	
Cancelled	 	 	(8,022	)	
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	 	 	(604	)	
Balance at June 30, 2020	 	$	12,559	 	
As of June 30, 2020, capitalized contract costs consisted of $1.4 million to obtain contracts and $11.2 million to fulfill contracts. We did not recognize an impairment loss with respect to capitalized contract costs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 or 2019.
11

Disaggregation of Revenue
The following tables disaggregate GES and Pursuit revenue by major product line, timing of revenue recognition, and markets served:
GES
 	 	Three Months Ended June 30, 2020	 	
(in thousands)	 	GES North America	 	 	GES EMEA	 	 	Intersegment Eliminations	 	 	Total	 	
Services:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Core services	 	$	16,122	 	 	$	6,046	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	22,168	 	
Audio-visual	 	 	298	 	 	 	132	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	430	 	
Event technology	 	 	1,109	 	 	 	274	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	1,383	 	
Intersegment eliminations	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(985	)	 	 	(985	)	
Total services	 	 	17,529	 	 	 	6,452	 	 	 	(985	)	 	 	22,996	 	
Products:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Core products	 	 	1,247	 	 	 	1,356	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	2,603	 	
Total revenue	 	$	18,776	 	 	$	7,808	 	 	$	(985	)	 	$	25,599	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Timing of revenue recognition:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Services transferred over time	 	$	17,529	 	 	$	6,452	 	 	$	(985	)	 	$	22,996	 	
Products transferred over time(1)	 	 	226	 	 	 	(58	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	168	 	
Products transferred at a point in time	 	 	1,021	 	 	 	1,414	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	2,435	 	
Total revenue	 	$	18,776	 	 	$	7,808	 	 	$	(985	)	 	$	25,599	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Markets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Exhibitions	 	$	11,404	 	 	$	4,775	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	16,179	 	
Conferences	 	 	7,798	 	 	 	2,835	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	10,633	 	
Corporate events	 	 	(310	)	 	 	254	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(56	)	
Consumer events	 	 	(116	)	 	 	(56	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(172	)	
Intersegment eliminations	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(985	)	 	 	(985	)	
Total revenue	 	$	18,776	 	 	$	7,808	 	 	$	(985	)	 	$	25,599	 	
(1)	GES’ graphics product revenue is earned over time over the duration of the event as it is considered a part of the single performance obligation satisfied over time.	
12

 
 	 	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020	 	
(in thousands)	 	GES North America	 	 	GES EMEA	 	 	Intersegment Eliminations	 	 	Total	 	
Services:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Core services	 	$	226,305	 	 	$	32,549	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	258,854	 	
Audio-visual	 	 	17,728	 	 	 	4,166	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	21,894	 	
Event technology	 	 	6,663	 	 	 	3,135	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	9,798	 	
Intersegment eliminations	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2,974	)	 	 	(2,974	)	
Total services	 	 	250,696	 	 	 	39,850	 	 	 	(2,974	)	 	 	287,572	 	
Products:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Core products	 	 	19,838	 	 	 	10,674	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	30,512	 	
Total revenue	 	$	270,534	 	 	$	50,524	 	 	$	(2,974	)	 	$	318,084	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Timing of revenue recognition:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Services transferred over time	 	$	250,696	 	 	$	39,850	 	 	$	(2,974	)	 	$	287,572	 	
Products transferred over time(1)	 	 	10,803	 	 	 	2,392	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	13,195	 	
Products transferred at a point in time	 	 	9,035	 	 	 	8,282	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	17,317	 	
Total revenue	 	$	270,534	 	 	$	50,524	 	 	$	(2,974	)	 	$	318,084	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Markets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Exhibitions	 	$	195,762	 	 	$	37,322	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	233,084	 	
Conferences	 	 	43,688	 	 	 	7,642	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	51,330	 	
Corporate events	 	 	26,654	 	 	 	5,408	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	32,062	 	
Consumer events	 	 	4,430	 	 	 	152	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	4,582	 	
Intersegment eliminations	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2,974	)	 	 	(2,974	)	
Total revenue	 	$	270,534	 	 	$	50,524	 	 	$	(2,974	)	 	$	318,084	 	
 
(1)	GES’ graphics product revenue is earned over time over the duration of the event as it is considered a part of the single performance obligation satisfied over time.	

 
13

 	 	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019	 	
(in thousands)	 	GES North America	 	 	GES EMEA	 	 	Intersegment Eliminations	 	 	Total	 	
Services:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Core services	 	$	228,112	 	 	$	41,821	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	269,933	 	
Audio-visual	 	 	24,175	 	 	 	6,881	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	31,056	 	
Event technology	 	 	9,845	 	 	 	2,134	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	11,979	 	
Intersegment eliminations	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(6,317	)	 	 	(6,317	)	
Total services	 	 	262,132	 	 	 	50,836	 	 	 	(6,317	)	 	 	306,651	 	
Products:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Core products	 	 	21,550	 	 	 	18,669	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	40,219	 	
Total revenue	 	$	283,682	 	 	$	69,505	 	 	$	(6,317	)	 	$	346,870	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Timing of revenue recognition:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Services transferred over time	 	$	262,132	 	 	$	50,836	 	 	$	(6,317	)	 	$	306,651	 	
Products transferred over time(1)	 	 	11,774	 	 	 	4,811	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	16,585	 	
Products transferred at a point in time	 	 	9,776	 	 	 	13,858	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	23,634	 	
Total revenue	 	$	283,682	 	 	$	69,505	 	 	$	(6,317	)	 	$	346,870	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Markets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Exhibitions	 	$	138,887	 	 	$	49,293	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	188,180	 	
Conferences	 	 	105,455	 	 	 	10,870	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	116,325	 	
Corporate events	 	 	29,868	 	 	 	8,772	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	38,640	 	
Consumer events	 	 	9,472	 	 	 	570	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	10,042	 	
Intersegment eliminations	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(6,317	)	 	 	(6,317	)	
Total revenue	 	$	283,682	 	 	$	69,505	 	 	$	(6,317	)	 	$	346,870	 	
(1)	GES’ graphics product revenue is earned over time over the duration of an event as it is considered a part of the single performance obligation satisfied over time.	

14

 	 	Six Months Ended June 30, 2019	 	
(in thousands)	 	GES North America	 	 	GES EMEA	 	 	Intersegment Eliminations	 	 	Total	 	
Services:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Core services	 	$	407,985	 	 	$	72,884	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	480,869	 	
Audio-visual	 	 	42,581	 	 	 	10,769	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	53,350	 	
Event technology	 	 	18,608	 	 	 	5,087	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	23,695	 	
Intersegment eliminations	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(9,007	)	 	 	(9,007	)	
Total services	 	 	469,174	 	 	 	88,740	 	 	 	(9,007	)	 	 	548,907	 	
Products:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Core products	 	 	37,749	 	 	 	35,141	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	72,890	 	
Total revenue	 	$	506,923	 	 	$	123,881	 	 	$	(9,007	)	 	$	621,797	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Timing of revenue recognition:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Services transferred over time	 	$	469,174	 	 	$	88,740	 	 	$	(9,007	)	 	$	548,907	 	
Products transferred over time(1)	 	 	23,043	 	 	 	8,290	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	31,333	 	
Products transferred at a point in time	 	 	14,706	 	 	 	26,851	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	41,557	 	
Total revenue	 	$	506,923	 	 	$	123,881	 	 	$	(9,007	)	 	$	621,797	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Markets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Exhibitions	 	$	275,316	 	 	$	94,948	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	370,264	 	
Conferences	 	 	153,317	 	 	 	13,852	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	167,169	 	
Corporate events	 	 	62,655	 	 	 	14,317	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	76,972	 	
Consumer events	 	 	15,635	 	 	 	764	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	16,399	 	
Intersegment eliminations	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(9,007	)	 	 	(9,007	)	
Total revenue	 	$	506,923	 	 	$	123,881	 	 	$	(9,007	)	 	$	621,797	 	
 
(1)	GES’ graphics product revenue is earned over time over the duration of an event as it is considered a part of the single performance obligation satisfied over time.	
 
15

Pursuit
 
 	 	Three Months Ended	 	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	 	June 30,	 	 	June 30,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Services:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Admissions	 	$	1,534	 	 	$	23,156	 	 	$	5,636	 	 	$	26,681	 	
Accommodations	 	 	1,456	 	 	 	12,926	 	 	 	5,973	 	 	 	15,344	 	
Transportation	 	 	12	 	 	 	3,954	 	 	 	2,068	 	 	 	5,949	 	
Travel planning	 	 	213	 	 	 	1,471	 	 	 	629	 	 	 	2,103	 	
Intersegment eliminations	 	 	(6	)	 	 	(499	)	 	 	(117	)	 	 	(684	)	
Total services revenue	 	 	3,209	 	 	 	41,008	 	 	 	14,189	 	 	 	49,393	 	
Products:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Food and beverage	 	 	615	 	 	 	8,206	 	 	 	2,264	 	 	 	9,570	 	
Retail operations	 	 	1,440	 	 	 	6,195	 	 	 	2,334	 	 	 	7,113	 	
Total products revenue	 	 	2,055	 	 	 	14,401	 	 	 	4,598	 	 	 	16,683	 	
Total revenue	 	$	5,264	 	 	$	55,409	 	 	$	18,787	 	 	$	66,076	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Timing of revenue recognition:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Services transferred over time	 	$	3,209	 	 	$	41,008	 	 	$	14,189	 	 	$	49,393	 	
Products transferred at a point in time	 	 	2,055	 	 	 	14,401	 	 	 	4,598	 	 	 	16,683	 	
Total revenue	 	$	5,264	 	 	$	55,409	 	 	$	18,787	 	 	$	66,076	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Markets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Banff Jasper Collection	 	$	3,040	 	 	$	33,226	 	 	$	12,839	 	 	$	41,096	 	
Alaska Collection	 	 	580	 	 	 	12,198	 	 	 	731	 	 	 	12,378	 	
Glacier Park Collection	 	 	1,161	 	 	 	7,375	 	 	 	1,884	 	 	 	8,198	 	
FlyOver	 	 	483	 	 	 	2,610	 	 	 	3,333	 	 	 	4,404	 	
Total revenue	 	$	5,264	 	 	$	55,409	 	 	$	18,787	 	 	$	66,076	 	

Note 3. Share-Based Compensation
The following table summarizes share-based compensation (income) expense:
 
 	 	Three Months Ended	 	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	 	June 30,	 	 	June 30,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Performance unit incentive plan (“PUP”)(1)	 	$	(110	)	 	$	1,557	 	 	$	(2,745	)	 	$	2,980	 	
Restricted stock	 	 	602	 	 	 	783	 	 	 	1,252	 	 	 	1,476	 	
Restricted stock units	 	 	365	 	 	 	71	 	 	 	205	 	 	 	161	 	
Share-based compensation (income) expense before income tax	 	 	857	 	 	 	2,411	 	 	 	(1,288	)	 	 	4,617	 	
Income tax expense (benefit)(2)	 	 	109	 	 	 	(607	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(1,165	)	
Share-based compensation (income) expense, net of income tax	 	$	966	 	 	$	1,804	 	 	$	(1,288	)	 	$	3,452	 	
(1)	PUP awards are liability-based awards that are tied to our stock price and the expected achievement of certain performance-based criteria. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the value of the PUP awards decreased due to the reduction of our estimated performance achievement and the decline in our stock price as a result of COVID-19.	
(2)	Income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2020 is due to the valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets recorded in the second quarter of 2020.	
16

The following table summarizes the activity of the outstanding share-based compensation awards:
 
 	 	PUP Awards	 	 	Restricted Stock	 	 	Restricted Stock Units	 	
 	 	Shares	 	 	Weighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value	 	 	Shares	 	 	Weighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value	 	 	Shares	 	 	Weighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value	 	
Balance at December 31, 2019	 	 	214,904	 	 	$	52.53	 	 	 	136,123	 	 	$	52.66	 	 	 	11,623	 	 	$	52.17	 	
Granted	 	 	84,898	 	 	$	56.15	 	 	 	49,847	 	 	$	54.45	 	 	 	3,952	 	 	$	50.43	 	
Vested	 	 	(67,866	)	 	$	47.43	 	 	 	(64,429	)	 	$	49.83	 	 	 	(2,815	)	 	$	47.45	 	
Forfeited	 	 	(18,370	)	 	$	56.40	 	 	 	(12,865	)	 	$	56.58	 	 	 	(1,634	)	 	$	56.59	 	
Balance at June 30, 2020	 	 	213,566	 	 	$	55.26	 	 	 	108,676	 	 	$	54.69	 	 	 	11,126	 	 	$	52.10	 	
Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan
We grant share-based compensation awards to our officers, directors, and certain key employees pursuant to the 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”). The 2017 Plan has a 10-year term and provides for the following types of awards: (a) incentive and non-qualified stock options; (b) restricted stock and restricted stock units; (c) performance units or performance shares; (d) stock appreciation rights; (e) cash-based awards; and (f) certain other stock-based awards. In June 2017, we registered 1,750,000 shares of common stock issuable under the 2017 Plan. As of June 30, 2020, there were 1,514,596 shares available for future grant under the 2017 Plan.
PUP Awards
The vesting of PUP award shares is based upon achievement of certain performance-based criteria over a three-year period.
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we granted PUP awards with a grant date fair value of $4.8 million of which $1.8 million are payable in shares. Liabilities related to PUP awards were $0.3 million as of June 30, 2020 and $5.3 million as of December 31, 2019. In 2020, PUP awards granted in 2017 vested and we paid $2.6 million in cash. No PUP awards were paid in shares in 2020. In 2019, PUP awards granted in 2016 vested and we paid $5.6 million in cash and $3.4 million in shares. In 2019, we withheld 25,771 shares for $1.5 million related to tax withholding requirements on vested PUP awards paid in shares.
Restricted Stock
As of June 30, 2020, the unamortized cost of outstanding restricted stock awards was $3.2 million, which we expect to recognize over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.5 years. We repurchased 17,881 shares for $1.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 24,217 shares for $1.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019 related to tax withholding requirements on vested share-based awards.
Restricted Stock Units
Aggregate liabilities related to restricted stock units were $0.5 million as of June 30, 2020 and $0.4 million as of December 31, 2019. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, restricted stock units vested and we paid $0.2 million in cash. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, restricted stock units vested and we paid $0.3 million in cash and $0.2 million in shares.
Stock Options
The following table summarizes stock option activity:
 
 	 	Shares	 	 	Weighted-Average
Exercise Price	 	
Options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2019	 	 	41,143	 	 	$	16.62	 	
Exercised	 	 	(41,143	)	 	$	16.62	 	
Options outstanding and exercisable at June 30, 2020	 	 	—	 	 	$	—	 	
 
17

Note 4. Acquisitions
2019 Acquisitions
Belton Chalet
On May 16, 2019, we acquired the Belton Chalet in Glacier National Park for total cash consideration of $3.2 million. Transaction costs associated with the acquisition were $0.3 million during 2019, which are included in “Cost of services” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We included these assets in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition.
Mountain Park Lodges
On June 8, 2019, we acquired a 60% equity interest in Mountain Park Lodges’ group of seven hotels and an undeveloped land parcel located in Jasper National Park for total consideration of $100.6 million Canadian dollars (approximately $76 million U.S. dollars).
The seven Mountain Park Lodges properties include: Sawridge Inn and Conference Centre (152 guest rooms); Pyramid Lake Resort (62 guest rooms); The Crimson Hotel (99 guest rooms); Chateau Jasper (119 guest rooms); Pocahontas Cabins (57 guest rooms); Marmot Lodge (107 guest rooms); and Lobstick Lodge (139 guest rooms).
As the majority owner of these properties, we consolidate 100% of the results of operations in our consolidated financial statements and record the 40% owners’ share of the income or loss attributable to non-redeemable noncontrolling interest.
Transaction costs associated with the Mountain Park Lodges were $0.9 million in 2019, which are included in “Corporate activities” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We included these assets and results of operations in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, revenue and operating loss related to the Mountain Park Lodges were $1.1 million and $1.8 million, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, revenue and operating loss related to the Mountain Park Lodges were $4.0 million and $4.2 million, respectively.
Identifiable intangible assets acquired in the Mountain Park Lodges acquisition were $20.2 million and consist primarily of in-place leases, customer relationships, and trade names. The weighted average amortization period related to the intangible assets was approximately 30.8 years.
Pursuit – Sky Lagoon Attraction
On July 25, 2019, we announced plans for a new geothermal lagoon attraction that will be located on an oceanfront lot just outside downtown Reykjavik, Iceland. We acquired a 51% controlling interest for $13.2 million in the new entity that will manage the Pursuit Sky Lagoon attraction, which we will operate in partnership with Geothermal Lagoon ehf., the Icelandic entity that owns the lagoon assets. The noncontrolling interest’s carrying value was determined by the fair value of the noncontrolling interest as of the acquisition date and the noncontrolling interest’s share of the subsequent net income or loss. The amortization of the resulting operating contract intangible is not deductible for tax purposes. We expect to open our new attraction in 2021.
Supplementary pro forma financial information
The following table summarizes the unaudited pro forma results of operations attributable to Viad, assuming the completion of the Mountain Park Lodges acquisition was on January 1, 2019. We do not consider the Pursuit Sky Lagoon attraction or the Belton Chalet significant acquisitions and accordingly, they are not included in the following pro forma results of operations:
 
 	 	Three Months Ended	 	 	Six Months Ended	 	
(in thousands, except per share data)	 	June 30, 2019	 	 	June 30, 2019	 	
Revenue	 	$	406,658	 	 	$	696,134	 	
Depreciation and amortization	 	$	15,840	 	 	$	30,348	 	
Income (loss) from continuing operations	 	$	12,862	 	 	$	(5,898	)	
Net income (loss) attributable to Viad	 	$	13,577	 	 	$	(4,651	)	
Diluted income (loss) per share(1)	 	$	0.66	 	 	$	(0.24	)	
Basic income (loss) per share	 	$	0.66	 	 	$	(0.24	)	
(1)	Diluted loss per share amount cannot exceed basic loss per share.	
18

Note 5. Inventories
We state inventories, which consist primarily of exhibit design and construction materials and supplies, as well as retail inventory, at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out and specific identification methods) or net realizable value.
The components of inventories consisted of the following:
 
 	 	June 30,	 	 	December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Raw materials	 	$	11,207	 	 	$	11,788	 	
Finished goods	 	 	7,894	 	 	 	5,481	 	
Inventories	 	$	19,101	 	 	$	17,269	 	

Note 6. Other Current Assets
Other current assets consisted of the following:
 
 	 	June 30,	 	 	December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Income tax receivable	 	$	7,311	 	 	$	13,250	 	
Prepaid software maintenance	 	 	5,596	 	 	 	3,875	 	
Prepaid vendor payments	 	 	2,814	 	 	 	4,698	 	
Prepaid insurance	 	 	2,524	 	 	 	5,573	 	
Prepaid taxes	 	 	295	 	 	 	917	 	
Prepaid other	 	 	2,673	 	 	 	1,904	 	
Other	 	 	3,261	 	 	 	637	 	
Other current assets	 	$	24,474	 	 	$	30,854	 	

Note 7. Property and Equipment
Property and equipment consisted of the following:
 
 	 	June 30,	 	 	December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Land and land interests	 	$	34,501	 	 	$	34,532	 	
Buildings and leasehold improvements	 	 	372,453	 	 	 	377,754	 	
Equipment and other	 	 	418,948	 	 	 	417,239	 	
Gross property and equipment	 	 	825,902	 	 	 	829,525	 	
Accumulated depreciation	 	 	(366,803	)	 	 	(353,974	)	
Property and equipment, net (excluding finance leases)	 	 	459,099	 	 	 	475,551	 	
Finance lease right-of-use assets, net	 	 	23,486	 	 	 	25,350	 	
Property and equipment, net	 	$	482,585	 	 	$	500,901	 	

Depreciation expense was $11.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and $23.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. Depreciation expense was $11.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and $21.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019.
Amortization expense on finance lease assets was $0.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and $1.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. Amortization expense on finance lease assets was $0.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and $1.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019.
Property and equipment purchased through accounts payable and accrued liabilities decreased $7.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and increased $3.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019.
 
19

Note 8. Other Investments and Assets
Other investments and assets consisted of the following:
 
 	 	June 30,	 	 	December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Self-insured liability receivable	 	$	9,982	 	 	$	9,982	 	
Contract costs	 	 	4,773	 	 	 	3,961	 	
Other mutual funds	 	 	2,992	 	 	 	3,107	 	
Cash surrender value of life insurance	 	 	176	 	 	 	24,873	 	
Other	 	 	2,953	 	 	 	3,196	 	
Other investments and assets	 	$	20,876	 	 	$	45,119	 	
 
Note 9. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows:
 
(in thousands)	 	GES North America	 	 	GES EMEA	 	 	Pursuit	 	 	Total	 	
Balance at December 31, 2019	 	$	155,276	 	 	$	30,829	 	 	$	101,878	 	 	$	287,983	 	
Goodwill impairment	 	 	(155,276	)	 	 	(29,042	)	 	 	(1,757	)	 	 	(186,075	)	
Foreign currency translation adjustments	 	 	—	 	 	 	(1,787	)	 	 	(4,962	)	 	 	(6,749	)	
Balance at June 30, 2020	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	95,159	 	 	$	95,159	 	
Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis as of October 31, and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. We use a discounted expected future cash flow methodology (income approach) in order to estimate the fair value of our reporting units for purposes of goodwill impairment testing.
In early March 2020, as a result of COVID-19 concerns, we began to see event postponements and cancellations at GES, as well as some cancelled bookings at Pursuit. This quickly escalated into the shut-down of event activity and tourism as government mandated closures and stay-at-home orders went more broadly into effect around the world. As demand halted, we essentially placed our businesses into a state of hibernation to preserve cash. As government mandated closures and stay-at-home orders started to be lifted, we began to restart our business with enhanced health and safety protocols in place. We phased in most of Pursuit’s attractions and lodging operations starting in May and continuing into July. However, exhibition and event activity remain largely closed. For GES, we believe that as governments continue to lift restrictions, events in certain geographies will gradually increase and we stand ready to reactivate areas of that business when it makes sense to do so.
During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we determined that an interim triggering event had occurred due to the deteriorating macroeconomic environment, disruptions to our operations, and the sustained decline in our stock price caused by COVID-19. As such, we performed an interim evaluation of goodwill as of March 31, 2020. As a result, we recorded non-cash goodwill impairment charges of $41.9 million associated with GES U.S., $29.0 million associated with GES EMEA, and $1.8 million associated with Pursuit’s Glacier Park Collection. We recorded an income tax benefit of $12.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 related to these goodwill impairment charges. This income tax benefit was reversed during the second quarter of 2020 due to the recording of a valuation allowance. Refer to Note 16 – Income Taxes.
During the second quarter of 2020 and into July, GES continued to experience event postponements and cancellations and we experienced further declines in our stock price. There has also been an increased spread of the COVID-19 virus throughout the United States, which resulted in further closures and governor orders that we believe have increased the uncertainty regarding when the live event industry will re-commence and how long it will take to get back to similar pre-COVID-19 business levels. The uncertainty regarding the duration of the current domestic and global economic conditions and whether further deterioration in the macroeconomic environment will continue as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic was factored into our second quarter goodwill impairment analysis. As a result, we recorded a full impairment charge to the remaining GES goodwill balance of $113.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020. Our remaining goodwill balance as of June 30, 2020 of $95.2 million pertains to our Pursuit business.
Given the evolving, uncertain nature of COVID-19, and the uncertain government and consumer reactions, the estimates and assumptions regarding expected future cash flows, discount rates, and terminal values used in our goodwill impairment analysis require considerable judgment and are based on our current estimates of market conditions, financial forecasts, and industry trends.
20

These estimates, however, have inherent uncertainties and different assumptions could lead to materially different results including additional impairment charges in the future.
Other intangible assets consisted of the following:
 
 	 	 	 	June 30, 2020	 	 	December 31, 2019	 	
(in thousands)	 	Useful Life
(Years)	 	Gross Carrying
Value	 	 	Accumulated
Amortization	 	 	Net Carrying Value	 	 	Gross Carrying
Value	 	 	Accumulated
Amortization	 	 	Net Carrying Value	 	
Intangible assets subject to amortization:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Customer contracts and relationships	 	6.5	 	$	39,661	 	 	$	(26,172	)	 	$	13,489	 	 	$	72,219	 	 	$	(40,866	)	 	$	31,353	 	
Operating contracts and licenses	 	37	 	 	38,959	 	 	 	(2,029	)	 	 	36,930	 	 	 	43,329	 	 	 	(1,881	)	 	 	41,448	 	
In-place lease	 	13.7	 	 	14,399	 	 	 	(384	)	 	 	14,015	 	 	 	15,044	 	 	 	(231	)	 	 	14,813	 	
Tradenames	 	5.7	 	 	5,585	 	 	 	(1,927	)	 	 	3,658	 	 	 	9,423	 	 	 	(4,338	)	 	 	5,085	 	
Non-compete agreements	 	1.5	 	 	722	 	 	 	(505	)	 	 	217	 	 	 	2,077	 	 	 	(1,775	)	 	 	302	 	
Other	 	7.7	 	 	768	 	 	 	(80	)	 	 	688	 	 	 	802	 	 	 	(66	)	 	 	736	 	
Total amortized intangible assets	 	 	 	 	100,094	 	 	 	(31,097	)	 	 	68,997	 	 	 	142,894	 	 	 	(49,157	)	 	 	93,737	 	
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Business licenses	 	 	 	 	566	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	566	 	 	 	571	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	571	 	
Other intangible assets	 	 	 	$	100,660	 	 	$	(31,097	)	 	$	69,563	 	 	$	143,465	 	 	$	(49,157	)	 	$	94,308	 	
 
Intangible asset amortization expense was $1.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and $3.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. Intangible asset amortization expense was $2.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and $5.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. We recorded an impairment charge to intangible assets of $15.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020 related to our U.S. audio-visual production business. The duration and impact of COVID-19 may result in additional future impairment charges as facts and circumstances evolve.
At June 30, 2020, the estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets subject to amortization is as follows:
 
(in thousands)	 	 	 	 	
Year ending December 31,	 	 	 	 	
Remainder of 2020	 	$	2,753	 	
2021	 	 	5,033	 	
2022	 	 	4,919	 	
2023	 	 	4,285	 	
2024	 	 	3,353	 	
Thereafter	 	 	48,654	 	
Total	 	$	68,997	 	

 
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Note 10. Other Current Liabilities
Other current liabilities consisted of the following:
 
 	 	June 30,	 	 	December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Continuing operations:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Self-insured liability	 	$	6,058	 	 	$	5,668	 	
Accrued sales and use taxes	 	 	3,539	 	 	 	5,451	 	
Accrued employee benefit costs	 	 	3,029	 	 	 	3,564	 	
Commissions payable	 	 	2,735	 	 	 	8,274	 	
Current portion of pension and postretirement liabilities	 	 	1,722	 	 	 	1,899	 	
Accrued professional fees	 	 	1,198	 	 	 	1,248	 	
Accommodation services deposits	 	 	452	 	 	 	959	 	
Accrued restructuring	 	 	1,071	 	 	 	2,130	 	
Accrued legal settlement	 	 	—	 	 	 	2,500	 	
Accrued dividends	 	 	—	 	 	 	2,019	 	
Other taxes	 	 	920	 	 	 	278	 	
Other	 	 	5,104	 	 	 	5,187	 	
Total continuing operations	 	 	25,828	 	 	 	39,177	 	
Discontinued operations:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Self-insured liability	 	 	402	 	 	 	260	 	
Environmental remediation liabilities	 	 	75	 	 	 	311	 	
Other	 	 	66	 	 	 	76	 	
Total discontinued operations	 	 	543	 	 	 	647	 	
Total other current liabilities	 	$	26,371	 	 	$	39,824	 	

Note 11. Other Deferred Items and Liabilities
Other deferred items and liabilities consisted of the following:
 
 	 	June 30,	 	 	December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Continuing operations:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Foreign deferred tax liability	 	$	24,898	 	 	$	32,570	 	
Multi-employer pension plan withdrawal liability	 	 	15,970	 	 	 	15,693	 	
Self-insured excess liability	 	 	9,982	 	 	 	9,982	 	
Self-insured liability	 	 	8,455	 	 	 	8,682	 	
Accrued compensation	 	 	4,863	 	 	 	7,485	 	
Accrued restructuring	 	 	2,076	 	 	 	2,383	 	
Contract liabilities	 	 	764	 	 	 	125	 	
Other	 	 	3,845	 	 	 	2,423	 	
Total continuing operations	 	 	70,853	 	 	 	79,343	 	
Discontinued operations:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Environmental remediation liabilities	 	 	2,165	 	 	 	1,964	 	
Self-insured liability	 	 	1,838	 	 	 	2,018	 	
Other	 	 	392	 	 	 	382	 	
Total discontinued operations	 	 	4,395	 	 	 	4,364	 	
Total other deferred items and liabilities	 	$	75,248	 	 	$	83,707	 	

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Note 12. Debt and Finance Lease Obligations
The components of long-term debt and finance lease obligations consisted of the following:
 
 	 	June 30,	 	 	December 31,	 		
(in thousands, except interest rates)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 		
2018 Credit Facility, 4.6% weighted-average interest rate at June 30, 2020 and 3.9% at December 31, 2019, due through 2023(1)	 	$	446,251	 	 	$	311,464	 		
FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility, 4.9% weighted-average interest rate at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, due through 2022(1)	 	 	5,350	 	 	 	5,607	 		
Less unamortized debt issuance costs	 	 	(1,578	)	 	 	(1,836	)		
Total debt (2)	 	 	450,023	 	 	 	315,235	 		
Finance lease obligations, 7.8% weighted-average interest rate at June 30, 2020 and 7.7% at December 31, 2019, due through 2039	 	 	23,476	 	 	 	25,257	 		
Total debt and finance lease obligations (3)	 	 	473,499	 	 	 	340,492	 		
Current portion (4)	 	 	(3,671	)	 	 	(5,330	)		
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations	 	$	469,828	 	 	$	335,162	 		
(1)	Represents the weighted-average interest rate in effect at the respective periods, including any applicable margin. The interest rates do not include amortization of debt issuance costs or commitment fees.	
(2)	The estimated fair value of total debt and finance leases was $398.3 million as of June 30, 2020 and $339.4 million as of December 31, 2019. The fair value of debt was estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates currently available for debt of similar terms and maturity, which is a Level 2 measurement. Refer to Note 13 – Fair Value Measurements.	
(3)	Cash paid for interest on debt was $7.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and $5.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019.	
(4)	Subsequent to the filing of our 2019 Form 10-K, we identified a correction related to the classification of the 2018 Credit Facility (as defined below) from current to long-term given that the 2018 Credit Facility’s contractual maturity is not within 12 months of the balance sheet date, and we were in compliance with all applicable covenants as of December 31, 2019. As a result, we corrected the classification of the debt on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet and the disclosure related to classification of debt in the table above as of December 31, 2019 to present the 2018 Credit Facility as long-term. Except for this change, the correction had no impact upon this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We determined that the error is not material to the previously issued financial statements.	
2018 Credit Agreement
Effective October 24, 2018, we entered into a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “2018 Credit Agreement”). The 2018 Credit Agreement has a maturity date of October 24, 2023 and provides for a $450 million revolving credit facility (“2018 Credit Facility”). Proceeds from the 2018 Credit Facility were used to refinance certain of our outstanding debt and provide us with additional funds for our operations, growth initiatives, acquisitions, and other general corporate purposes in the ordinary course of business. The 2018 Credit Facility may be increased up to an additional $250 million under certain circumstances and has a $20 million sublimit for letters of credit. Borrowings and letters of credit can be denominated in U.S. dollars, Euros, Canadian dollars, or British pounds. Our lenders under the 2018 Credit Facility have a first perfected security interest in all of our personal property including GES, GES Event Intelligence Services, Inc., CATC Alaska Tourism Corporation (“CATC”), ON Event Services, LLC (“ON Services”), and 65% of the capital stock of our top-tier foreign subsidiaries (other than Esja). Financial covenants include an interest coverage ratio of not less than 3.00 to 1.00 and a leverage ratio of not greater than 3.50 to 1.00, with a step-up to 4.00 to 1.00 for four quarters following a material acquisition of $50 million or more. Dividends are permitted up to $15 million in any calendar year. In addition, we can declare and pay dividends or repurchase our common stock up to $20 million per calendar year. Dividends and repurchases above those thresholds are permitted as long as our pro forma leverage ratio is less than or equal to 2.75 to 1.00. Unsecured debt is allowed provided we are in compliance with the leverage ratio. In addition, the unsecured debt must mature after the expiration of the 2018 Credit Facility, cannot have scheduled principal payments while the 2018 Credit Facility is in place, and any covenants for unsecured debt cannot be more restrictive than the 2018 Credit Facility. Significant other covenants include limitations on investments, additional indebtedness, sales and dispositions of assets, and liens on property. As of June 30, 2020, we were not in compliance with the interest coverage ratio or the leverage ratio, however, as discussed below the financial covenants were waived for the quarter ended June 30, 2020.
Effective July 23, 2019, we entered into an amendment (“Amendment No. 1”) to the 2018 Credit Agreement. Amendment No.1 modified the terms related to the withdrawal liabilities of single and multi-employer ERISA plans.
23

Effective May 8, 2020, we entered into an amendment (“Amendment No. 2”) to the 2018 Credit Agreement. Amendment No. 2, which, among other things, waived our financial covenants for the quarter ending June 30, 2020 under the 2018 Credit Agreement and added a new minimum liquidity requirement. Effective August 5, 2020, we entered into an amendment (“Amendment No. 3”) to the 2018 Credit Agreement. Amendment No. 3, which, among other things, (i) waives our financial covenants until the end of the third quarter of 2022 (the “Covenant Waiver Period”) and (ii) requires us to maintain minimum liquidity of $125 million with a step down to $100 million at December 31, 2020. The interest rate on the borrowings is equal to LIBOR plus 350 basis points, with a LIBOR floor of one percent during the Covenant Waiver Period. The LIBOR floor continues until the end of the 2018 Credit Agreement. Additionally, we are precluded from paying cash dividends, from issuing unsecured debt, and from accessing the $250 million expansion feature during the Covenant Waiver Period. The amendment allows us to make acquisitions under certain conditions. Viad pledged 100% of the capital stock of its top-tier foreign subsidiaries (other and Esja). Fees related to Amendment No. 3 were approximately $1.6 million. Refer to Note 1 – Overview and Basis of Presentation (Impact of COVID-19) and Note 24 – Subsequent Events for additional information.
We borrowed the remaining available capacity under the 2018 Credit Facility at the beginning of April 2020 as a proactive measure to increase our cash position and preserve financial flexibility due to uncertainty in the global markets resulting from the COVID-19 outbreak.
We index borrowings under the 2018 Credit Facility (of which GES, GES Event Intelligence Services, Inc., CATC, and ON Services are guarantors) to the prime rate or the LIBOR, plus appropriate spreads tied to our leverage ratio. As LIBOR will be phased out in 2021, our 2018 Credit Facility includes a method for determining an alternative or successor rate of interest that considers the new prevailing market convention. The vast majority of our borrowings under the 2018 Credit Facility are indexed to LIBOR. Commitment fees and letters of credit fees are also tied to our leverage ratio. The fees on the unused portion of the 2018 Credit Facility were 0.50% annually as of June 30, 2020. We index only our borrowings under the 2018 Credit Facility and the discount rates we use to account for some leases to LIBOR. We do not expect the alternative or successor rate to LIBOR to have a material impact on either our 2018 Credit Facility or the accounting for our leases.
FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility
Effective February 15, 2019, FlyOver Iceland ehf., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Esja, entered into a credit agreement with a €5.0 million (approximately $5.6 million U.S. dollars) credit facility (the “FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility”) with a maturity date of March 1, 2022. We used the loan proceeds to complete the development of the FlyOver Iceland attraction. In response to COVID-19, we entered into an addendum to the FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility effective May 14, 2020 wherein the principal and interest payments were deferred for six months beginning June 1, 2020, with the first payment due December 1, 2020. The addendum also extended the maturity date to September 1, 2022. There were no other changes to the terms of the FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility. Effective July 31, 2020, we obtained a waiver of certain covenants to the FlyOver Iceland Credit Facility through 2021.
24

Note 13. Fair Value Measurements
The fair value of an asset or liability is defined as the price that would be received by selling an asset or paying to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value guidance requires an entity to maximize the use of quoted prices and other observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value, and also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value as follows:
Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of fair value.
Money market mutual funds and certain other mutual fund investments are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 1 inputs. The fair value information related to these assets is summarized in the following tables:
 
 	 	 	 	 	 	Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using	 	
(in thousands)	 	June 30, 2020	 	 	Quoted Prices in
Active
Markets
(Level 1)	 	 	Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)	 	 	Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)	 	
Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Money market funds (1)	 	$	102,699	 	 	$	102,699	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
Other mutual funds (2)	 	 	2,992	 	 	 	2,992	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis	 	$	105,691	 	 	$	105,691	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
 
 	 	 	 	 	 	Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using	 	
(in thousands)	 	December 31, 2019	 	 	Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)	 	 	Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)	 	 	Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)	 	
Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Money market funds (1)	 	$	123	 	 	$	123	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
Other mutual funds (2)	 	 	3,107	 	 	 	3,107	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis	 	$	3,230	 	 	$	3,230	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	
 
(1)	We include money market funds in “Cash and cash equivalents” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We classify these investments as available-for-sale and record them at fair value. There have been no realized gains or losses related to these investments and we have not experienced any redemption restrictions with respect to any of the money market mutual funds. A portion of the funds borrowed under the 2018 Credit Facility were deposited into money market funds. Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Lease Obligations for additional information.	
(2)	We include other mutual funds in “Other investments and assets” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.	
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Lease Obligations for the estimated fair value of debt obligations.
25

Note 14. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) by component are as follows:
 
(in thousands)	 	Cumulative
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments	 	 	Unrecognized Net Actuarial Loss and Prior Service Credit, Net	 	 	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)	 	
Balance at December 31, 2019	 	$	(23,799	)	 	$	(11,900	)	 	$	(35,699	)	
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	 	 	(18,374	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(18,374	)	
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax	 	 	—	 	 	 	311	 	 	 	311	 	
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	 	 	(18,374	)	 	 	311	 	 	 	(18,063	)	
Balance at June 30, 2020	 	$	(42,173	)	 	$	(11,589	)	 	$	(53,762	)	
 
(in thousands)	 	Cumulative
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments	 	 	Unrecognized Net Actuarial Loss and Prior Service Credit, Net	 	 	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)	 	
Balance at December 31, 2018	 	$	(36,332	)	 	$	(11,643	)	 	$	(47,975	)	
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	 	 	9,097	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	9,097	 	
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax	 	 	—	 	 	 	148	 	 	 	148	 	
Net other comprehensive income	 	 	9,097	 	 	 	148	 	 	 	9,245	 	
Balance at June 30, 2019	 	$	(27,235	)	 	$	(11,495	)	 	$	(38,730	)	
 
Amounts reclassified that relate to our defined benefit pension and postretirement plans include the amortization of prior service costs and actuarial net losses recognized during each period presented. We recorded these costs as components of net periodic cost for each period presented. Refer to Note 17 – Pension and Postretirement Benefits for additional information.
 
Note 15. Income (Loss) Per Share
The components of basic and diluted income per share are as follows:
 
 	 	Three Months Ended	 	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	 	June 30,	 	 	June 30,	 	
(in thousands, except per share data)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Net income (loss) attributable to Viad (diluted)	 	$	(206,278	)	 	$	13,824	 	 	$	(292,863	)	 	$	(3,953	)	
Less: Allocation to non-vested shares	 	 	—	 	 	 	(102	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Adjustment to the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interest	 	 	(332	)	 	 	(179	)	 	 	(458	)	 	 	(266	)	
Net income (loss) allocated to Viad common stockholders (basic)	 	$	(206,610	)	 	$	13,543	 	 	$	(293,321	)	 	$	(4,219	)	
Basic weighted-average outstanding common shares	 	 	20,282	 	 	 	20,143	 	 	 	20,249	 	 	 	20,110	 	
Additional dilutive shares related to share-based compensation	 	 	—	 	 	 	123	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Diluted weighted-average outstanding shares	 	 	20,282	 	 	 	20,266	 	 	 	20,249	 	 	 	20,110	 	
Income (loss) per share:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic income (loss) attributable to Viad common stockholders	 	$	(10.19	)	 	$	0.67	 	 	$	(14.49	)	 	$	(0.21	)	
Diluted income (loss) attributable to Viad common stockholders(1)	 	$	(10.19	)	 	$	0.67	 	 	$	(14.49	)	 	$	(0.21	)	
 
(1)	Diluted loss per share amount cannot exceed basic loss per share.	

Note 16. Income Taxes
The effective tax rate was a negative 20.6% for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 32.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The effective tax rate was a negative 7.1% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 18.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2019.
The negative effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 were due to the recording of a valuation allowance of $25.5 million in the second quarter of 2020 against our remaining U.S., United Kingdom, and other European net deferred tax
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assets as of June 30, 2020, as well as no tax benefits on non-deductible goodwill impairments and losses recognized in those jurisdictions. We recorded the valuation allowance based upon the level of historical losses and the uncertainty and timing of future income. At this time, we believe it is more likely than not that we will not realize the benefits of these deductible differences.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments have enacted or are contemplating measures to provide aid and economic stimulus. These measures may include deferring the due dates of tax payments or other changes to income and non-income-based tax laws. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), which was enacted on March 27, 2020 in the U.S., includes measures to assist companies. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, there were no material tax impacts to our condensed consolidated financial statements as they relate to COVID-19 measures.
We received $11.2 million and $7.9 million of tax refunds in excess of payments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Net cash paid for income taxes was $4.6 million and $8.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.
 
Note 17. Pension and Postretirement Benefits
The components of net periodic benefit cost of our pension and postretirement benefit plans for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 consist of the following:

 	 	Domestic Plans	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Pension Plans	 	 	Postretirement Benefit Plans	 	 	Foreign Pension Plans	 	
(in thousands)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Service cost	 	$	—	 	 	$	16	 	 	$	16	 	 	$	15	 	 	$	108	 	 	$	101	 	
Interest cost	 	 	168	 	 	 	223	 	 	 	70	 	 	 	126	 	 	 	83	 	 	 	93	 	
Expected return on plan assets	 	 	(34	)	 	 	(5	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(129	)	 	 	(121	)	
Amortization of prior service credit	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(37	)	 	 	(47	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Recognized net actuarial loss	 	 	130	 	 	 	100	 	 	 	(43	)	 	 	50	 	 	 	44	 	 	 	37	 	
Net periodic benefit cost	 	$	264	 	 	$	334	 	 	$	6	 	 	$	144	 	 	$	106	 	 	$	110	 	
The components of net periodic benefit cost of our pension and postretirement benefit plans for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 consist of the following:
 
 	 	Domestic Plans	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Pension Plans	 	 	Postretirement Benefit Plans	 	 	Foreign Pension Plans	 	
(in thousands)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Service cost	 	$	—	 	 	$	31	 	 	$	31	 	 	$	35	 	 	$	218	 	 	$	202	 	
Interest cost	 	 	328	 	 	 	437	 	 	 	158	 	 	 	250	 	 	 	167	 	 	 	188	 	
Expected return on plan assets	 	 	(35	)	 	 	(39	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(260	)	 	 	(243	)	
Amortization of prior service credit	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(73	)	 	 	(94	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Recognized net actuarial loss	 	 	265	 	 	 	206	 	 	 	39	 	 	 	127	 	 	 	90	 	 	 	73	 	
Net periodic benefit cost	 	$	558	 	 	$	635	 	 	$	155	 	 	$	318	 	 	$	215	 	 	$	220	 	

We expect to contribute $1.4 million to our funded pension plans, $0.9 million to our unfunded pension plans, and $1.0 million to our postretirement benefit plans in 2020. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we contributed $0.2 million to our funded pension plans, $0.4 million to our unfunded pension plans, and $0.4 million to our postretirement benefit plans.
 
Note 18. Restructuring Charges
GES
As part of our efforts to drive efficiencies and simplify our business operations, we took certain restructuring actions designed to reduce our cost structure primarily within GES. As a result of COVID-19, we implemented aggressive cost reduction initiatives in 2020 and recorded certain restructuring charges.
Other Restructurings
We recorded restructuring charges in connection with the consolidation of certain support functions at our corporate headquarters. These charges primarily consist of severance and related benefits due to headcount reductions and charges related to the downsizing of facilities.
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Changes to the restructuring liability by major restructuring activity are as follows:
 
 	 	GES	 	 	Other Restructurings	 	 	 	 	 	
(in thousands)	 	Severance &
Employee
Benefits	 	 	Facilities	 	 	Severance &
Employee
Benefits	 	 	Total	 	
Balance at December 31, 2019	 	$	2,935	 	 	$	1,339	 	 	$	239	 	 	$	4,513	 	
Restructuring charges	 	 	746	 	 	 	(61	)	 	 	426	 	 	 	1,111	 	
Cash payments	 	 	(1,534	)	 	 	(442	)	 	 	(383	)	 	 	(2,359	)	
Adjustment to liability	 	 	(53	)	 	 	(27	)	 	 	(38	)	 	 	(118	)	
Balance at June 30, 2020	 	$	2,094	 	 	$	809	 	 	$	244	 	 	$	3,147	 	
 
As of June 30, 2020, we expect to pay all but $1.5 million of the liabilities related to severance and employee benefits by the end of 2020. The liability related to future lease payments will be paid over the remaining lease terms. Refer to Note 22 – Segment Information, for information regarding restructuring charges by segment.
 
Note 19. Leases and Other
The balance sheet presentation of our operating and finance leases is as follows:
 
 	 	 	 	June 30,	 	 	December 31,	 	
(in thousands)	 	Classification on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating lease assets	 	Operating lease right-of-use assets	 	$	95,229	 	 	$	103,314	 	
Finance lease assets	 	Property and equipment, net	 	 	23,486	 	 	 	25,350	 	
Total lease assets	 	 	 	$	118,715	 	 	$	128,664	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating lease obligations	 	Operating lease obligations	 	$	20,140	 	 	$	22,180	 	
Finance lease obligations	 	Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations	 	 	2,982	 	 	 	3,386	 	
Noncurrent:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating lease obligations	 	Long-term operating lease obligations	 	 	77,743	 	 	 	82,851	 	
Finance lease obligations	 	Long-term debt and finance lease obligations	 	 	20,494	 	 	 	21,871	 	
Total lease liabilities	 	 	 	$	121,359	 	 	$	130,288	 	
 
The components of lease expense consisted of the following:
 
 	 	Three Months Ended	 	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	 	June 30,	 	 	June 30,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Finance lease cost:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Amortization of right-of-use assets	 	$	923	 	 	$	609	 	 	$	1,841	 	 	$	1,198	 	
Interest on lease liabilities	 	 	412	 	 	 	182	 	 	 	829	 	 	 	249	 	
Operating lease cost	 	 	6,912	 	 	 	6,839	 	 	 	13,639	 	 	 	12,831	 	
Short-term lease cost	 	 	32	 	 	 	562	 	 	 	342	 	 	 	777	 	
Variable lease cost	 	 	1,359	 	 	 	1,402	 	 	 	3,058	 	 	 	3,217	 	
Sublease income(1)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(54	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(226	)	
Total lease cost, net	 	$	9,638	 	 	$	9,540	 	 	$	19,709	 	 	$	18,046	 	
 
(1)  Sublease income excludes rental income from owned assets, which is recorded in revenue.
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Other information related to operating and finance leases are as follows:
 
 	 	Three Months Ended	 	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	 	June 30,	 	 	June 30,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating cash flows from operating leases	 	$	6,095	 	 	$	7,405	 	 	$	12,624	 	 	$	13,603	 	
Operating cash flows from finance leases	 	$	706	 	 	$	182	 	 	$	866	 	 	$	249	 	
Financing cash flows from finance leases	 	$	793	 	 	$	490	 	 	$	1,570	 	 	$	1,012	 	
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating leases	 	$	3,298	 	 	$	1,813	 	 	$	4,077	 	 	$	13,252	 	
Finance leases	 	$	1,038	 	 	$	19,769	 	 	$	1,768	 	 	$	20,951	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	June 30,	 	 	December 31,	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating leases	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	8.34	 	 	 	8.17	 	
Finance leases	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	13.52	 	 	 	14.01	 	
Weighted-average discount rate:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating leases	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	5.76	%	 	 	5.77	%	
Finance leases	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	7.84	%	 	 	7.73	%	
 
As of June 30, 2020, the estimated future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases, excluding variable leases and variable non-lease components, are as follows:
 
(in thousands)	 	Operating Leases	 	 	Finance Leases	 	 	Total	 	
Remainder of 2020	 	$	12,609	 	 	$	2,514	 	 	$	15,123	 	
2021	 	 	20,372	 	 	 	4,202	 	 	 	24,574	 	
2022	 	 	16,380	 	 	 	3,708	 	 	 	20,088	 	
2023	 	 	13,356	 	 	 	3,184	 	 	 	16,540	 	
2024	 	 	10,148	 	 	 	2,486	 	 	 	12,634	 	
Thereafter	 	 	54,717	 	 	 	23,185	 	 	 	77,902	 	
Total future lease payments	 	 	127,582	 	 	 	39,279	 	 	 	166,861	 	
Less: Amount representing interest	 	 	(29,699	)	 	 	(15,803	)	 	 	(45,502	)	
Present value of minimum lease payments	 	 	97,883	 	 	 	23,476	 	 	 	121,359	 	
Current portion	 	 	20,140	 	 	 	2,982	 	 	 	23,122	 	
Long-term portion	 	$	77,743	 	 	$	20,494	 	 	$	98,237	 	
 
As of June 30, 2020, the estimated future minimum rentals under non-cancellable leases, which includes rental income from facilities that we own, are as follows:
 
(in thousands)	 	 	 	 	
Remainder of 2020	 	$	1,033	 	
2021	 	 	1,839	 	
2022	 	 	1,516	 	
2023	 	 	1,329	 	
2024	 	 	1,091	 	
Thereafter	 	 	4,789	 	
Total minimum rents	 	$	11,597	 	
 
Leases Not Yet Commenced
As of June 30, 2020, we had executed certain facility and land leases for which we did not have control of the underlying assets. Accordingly, we did not record the lease liabilities and right-of-use assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. These leases include future planned attractions for Pursuit that are currently in the planning or development phase and that we expect the lease commencement dates to begin between fiscal years 2021 and 2022 with lease terms of 15 to 47 years.
 
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Note 20. Litigation, Claims, Contingencies, and Other
We are plaintiffs or defendants to various actions, proceedings, and pending claims, some of which involve, or may involve, compensatory, punitive, or other damages. Litigation is subject to many uncertainties and it is possible that some of the legal actions, proceedings, or claims could be decided against us. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we recorded an $8.5 million charge to resolve a legal dispute at GES involving a former industry contractor. Although the amount of liability as of June 30, 2020 with respect to unresolved legal matters is not ascertainable, we believe that any resulting liability, after taking into consideration amounts already provided for and insurance coverage, will not have a material effect on our business, financial position, or results of operations.
On July 18, 2020, an off-road Ice Explorer operated by our Pursuit business was involved in an accident enroute with 27 people to the Athabasca Glacier, resulting in three fatalities and multiple other serious injuries. We are making every effort to actively support the victims and their families, and we are fully cooperating with the applicable regulatory authorities to investigate this incident. We immediately reported the accident to our relevant insurance carriers, who are also supporting the investigation. Subject to customary deductibles, we believe that our insurance coverage is sufficient to cover potential losses related to this accident. Refer to Note 24 – Subsequent Events.
We are subject to various U.S. federal, state, and foreign laws and regulations governing the prevention of pollution and the protection of the environment in the jurisdictions in which we have or had operations. If we fail to comply with these environmental laws and regulations, civil and criminal penalties could be imposed, and we could become subject to regulatory enforcement actions in the form of injunctions and cease and desist orders. As is the case with many companies, we also face exposure to actual or potential claims and lawsuits involving environmental matters relating to our past operations. As of June 30, 2020, we had recorded environmental remediation liabilities of $2.2 million related to previously sold operations. Although we are a party to certain environmental disputes, we believe that any resulting liabilities, after taking into consideration amounts already provided for and insurance coverage, will not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations.
As of June 30, 2020, on behalf of our subsidiaries, we had certain obligations under guarantees to third parties. These guarantees are not subject to liability recognition in the condensed consolidated financial statements and relate to leased facilities and equipment leases entered into by our subsidiary operations. We would generally be required to make payments to the respective third parties under these guarantees in the event that the related subsidiary could not meet its own payment obligations. The maximum potential amount of future payments that we would be required to make under all guarantees existing as of June 30, 2020 would be $76.2 million. These guarantees relate to our leased equipment and facilities through January 2040. There are no recourse provisions that would enable us to recover from third parties any payments made under the guarantees. Furthermore, there are no collateral or similar arrangements pursuant to which we could recover payments.
A significant number of our employees are unionized and we are a party to approximately 100 collective-bargaining agreements, with approximately one-third requiring renegotiation each year. If we are unable to reach an agreement with a union during the collective-bargaining process, the union may call for a strike or work stoppage, which may, under certain circumstances, adversely impact our business and results of operations. We believe that relations with our employees are satisfactory and that collective-bargaining agreements expiring in 2020 will be renegotiated in the ordinary course of business. Although our labor relations are currently stable, disruptions could occur, with the possibility of an adverse impact on the operating results of GES. During the three months ended June 30, 2019, we finalized the terms of a new collective-bargaining agreement with the Teamsters Local 727 union. The terms included a withdrawal from the underfunded Central States Pension Plan. Accordingly, we recorded a charge of $15.5 million, which represents the estimated present value of future contributions we will be required to make to the plan as a result of this withdrawal and $0.2 million of other withdrawal costs.
We are self-insured up to certain limits for workers’ compensation and general liabilities, which includes automobile, product general liability, and client property loss claims. The aggregate amount of insurance liabilities (up to our retention limit) related to our continuing operations was $14.5 million as of June 30, 2020, which includes $10.1 million related to workers’ compensation liabilities, and $4.4 million related to general liability claims. We have also retained and provided for certain workers’ compensation insurance liabilities in conjunction with previously sold businesses of $2.2 million as of June 30, 2020. We are also self-insured for certain employee health benefits and the estimated employee health benefit claims incurred but not yet reported was $1.5 million as of June 30, 2020. Provisions for losses for claims incurred, including actuarially derived estimated claims incurred but not yet reported, are made based on our historical experience, claims frequency, and other factors. A change in the assumptions used could result in an adjustment to recorded liabilities. We have purchased insurance for amounts in excess of the self-insured levels, which generally range from $0.2 million to $0.5 million on a per claim basis. We do not maintain a self-insured retention pool fund as claims are paid from current cash resources at the time of settlement. Our net cash payments in connection with these insurance liabilities were $1.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and $2.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and $1.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and $3.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019.
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In addition, as of June 30, 2020, we have recorded insurance liabilities of $10.0 million related to continuing operations, which represents the amount for which we remain the primary obligor after self-insured insurance limits, without taking into consideration the above-referenced insurance coverage. Of this total, $6.5 million related to workers’ compensation liabilities and $3.5 million related to general/auto liability claims, which are recorded in other deferred items and liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets with a corresponding receivable in other investments.
Note 21. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
On November 3, 2017, we acquired the controlling interest (54.5% of the common stock) in Esja, a private corporation in Reykjavik, Iceland. Through Esja and its wholly-owned subsidiary, we are operating a new FlyOver Iceland attraction.
The minority Esja shareholders have the right to sell (or “put”) their Esja shares to us based on a multiple of 5.0x EBITDA as calculated on the trailing 12 months from the most recently completed quarter before the put option exercise. The put option is only exercisable after 36 months of business operation (the “Reference Date”) and if the FlyOver Iceland attraction has earned a minimum of €3.25 million in unadjusted EBITDA during the most recent fiscal year and during the trailing 12-month period prior to exercise (the “Put Option Condition”). The put option is exercisable during a period of 12 months following the Reference Date (the “Option Period”) if the Put Option Condition has been met. If the Put Option Condition has not been met during the first Option Period, the Reference Date will be extended for an additional 12 months up to three times. If after 72 months, the FlyOver Iceland attraction has not achieved the Put Option Condition, the put option expires. If the Put Option Condition is met during any of the Option Periods, yet the shares are not exercised prior to the end of the 12-month Option Period, the put option will expire. 
The noncontrolling interest’s carrying value is determined by the fair value of the noncontrolling interest as of the acquisition date and the noncontrolling interest’s share of the subsequent net income or loss. This value is benchmarked against the redemption value of the sellers’ put option. The carrying value is adjusted to the redemption value, provided that it does not fall below the initial carrying value, as determined by the purchase price allocation. We have made a policy election to reflect any changes caused by such an adjustment to retained earnings, rather than to current earnings.
Changes in the redeemable noncontrolling interest are as follows:
 
(in thousands)	 	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2019	 	$	6,172	 	
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest	 	 	(721	)	
Adjustment to the redemption value	 	 	458	 	
Foreign currency translation adjustment	 	 	(771	)	
Balance at June 30, 2020	 	$	5,138	 	
 
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Note 22. Segment Information
We measure the profit and performance of our operations on the basis of segment operating income (loss), which excludes restructuring charges and recoveries and impairment charges. Intersegment sales are eliminated in consolidation and intersegment transfers are not significant. Corporate activities include expenses not allocated to operations. Depreciation and amortization and share-based compensation expense are the only significant non-cash items for the reportable segments.
Our reportable segments, with reconciliations to consolidated totals, are as follows:
 
 	 	Three Months Ended	 	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	 	June 30,	 	 	June 30,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Revenue:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES North America	 	$	18,776	 	 	$	283,682	 	 	$	270,534	 	 	$	506,923	 	
GES EMEA	 	 	7,808	 	 	 	69,505	 	 	 	50,524	 	 	 	123,881	 	
Intersegment eliminations	 	 	(985	)	 	 	(6,317	)	 	 	(2,974	)	 	 	(9,007	)	
Total GES	 	 	25,599	 	 	 	346,870	 	 	 	318,084	 	 	 	621,797	 	
Pursuit	 	 	5,264	 	 	 	55,409	 	 	 	18,787	 	 	 	66,076	 	
Total revenue	 	$	30,863	 	 	$	402,279	 	 	$	336,871	 	 	$	687,873	 	
Segment operating income (loss):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES North America	 	$	(29,174	)	 	$	30,589	 	 	$	(17,208	)	 	$	31,197	 	
GES EMEA	 	 	(2,886	)	 	 	4,664	 	 	 	(3,994	)	 	 	5,799	 	
Total GES	 	 	(32,060	)	 	 	35,253	 	 	 	(21,202	)	 	 	36,996	 	
Pursuit	 	 	(17,692	)	 	 	11,313	 	 	 	(37,966	)	 	 	(1,682	)	
Segment operating loss	 	 	(49,752	)	 	 	46,566	 	 	 	(59,168	)	 	 	35,314	 	
Corporate eliminations (1)	 	 	16	 	 	 	17	 	 	 	32	 	 	 	33	 	
Corporate activities	 	 	(2,468	)	 	 	(3,282	)	 	 	(3,257	)	 	 	(5,115	)	
Operating loss	 	 	(52,204	)	 	 	43,301	 	 	 	(62,393	)	 	 	30,232	 	
Interest income	 	 	176	 	 	 	83	 	 	 	255	 	 	 	181	 	
Interest expense	 	 	(5,186	)	 	 	(2,957	)	 	 	(9,204	)	 	 	(5,872	)	
Multi-employer pension plan withdrawal	 	 	(462	)	 	 	(15,508	)	 	 	(462	)	 	 	(15,508	)	
Other expense	 	 	(265	)	 	 	(456	)	 	 	(684	)	 	 	(911	)	
Restructuring recoveries (charges):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES North America	 	 	(46	)	 	 	(4,275	)	 	 	33	 	 	 	(4,258	)	
GES EMEA	 	 	17	 	 	 	(80	)	 	 	(718	)	 	 	(742	)	
Pursuit	 	 	(56	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(57	)	 	 	—	 	
Corporate	 	 	(175	)	 	 	(100	)	 	 	(369	)	 	 	(143	)	
Impairment charges:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES North America	 	 	(113,513	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(171,094	)	 	 	—	 	
GES EMEA	 	 	(507	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(29,549	)	 	 	—	 	
Pursuit	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(1,757	)	 	 	—	 	
Legal settlement:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(8,500	)	
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes	 	$	(172,221	)	 	$	20,008	 	 	$	(275,999	)	 	$	(5,521	)	
(1)	Corporate eliminations represent the elimination of depreciation expense recorded by Pursuit associated with previously eliminated intercompany profit realized by GES for renovations to Pursuit’s Banff Gondola.	
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Note 23. Common and Preferred Stock
Common Stock Repurchases
We previously announced our Board of Directors’ authorization to repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time at prevailing market prices. Effective February 7, 2019, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional 500,000 shares.
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we repurchased 53,784 shares on the open market for $2.8 million. As of June 30, 2020, 546,283 shares remain available for repurchase. No shares were purchased on the open market during the six months ended June 30, 2019. Additionally, we repurchase shares related to tax withholding requirements on vested restricted stock awards. Refer to Note 3 – Share-Based Compensation.
In March 2020, our Board of Directors suspended our share repurchase program for the foreseeable future.
Stockholder Rights Plan
On March 29, 2020, our Board of Directors adopted a short-term stockholder rights plan and declared a dividend payable to stockholders of record on April 13, 2020 of one preferred stock purchase right per each outstanding share of Viad common stock to purchase one one-hundredth of a share of Viad’s Junior Participating Preferred Stock at an exercise price of $115.00. Our Board of Directors will be able to redeem the rights at $0.01 per right at any time before a person or group acquired 10% (20% in the case of a passive institutional investor) or more of the outstanding common stock. The rights expire on February 28, 2021, subject to our right to extend the date, unless we redeem, exchange, or terminate the rights earlier.
Subject to limited exceptions, if a person or group acquires 10% (20% in the case of a passive institutional investor) or more of our common stock (including shares that are synthetically owned pursuant to derivative transactions or ownership of derivative securities) or announces a tender offer, and the consummation of that offer would result in such ownership (we refer to such a person or group as an “acquiring person”), each right will entitle its holder to purchase, at the right’s then-current exercise price, a number of shares of common stock having a market value at that time of twice the right’s exercise price. Rights held by the acquiring person will become void and will not be exercisable. If the Company is acquired in a merger or other business combination transaction that has not been approved by our Board of Directors after the rights become exercisable, each right will entitle its holder to purchase, at the right’s then-current exercise price, a number of shares of the acquiring company’s common stock having a market value at that time of twice the right’s exercise price.
Note 24. Subsequent Events
Issuance of Convertible Preferred Stock
On August 5, 2020, we entered into an investment agreement with funds managed by private equity firm Crestview Partners (the “Investment Agreement”) who made an initial investment of $135 million, net of approximately $9 million in fees, in newly issued perpetual convertible preferred stock that carries a 5.5% dividend, which is payable in cash or in-kind at Viad’s option (the “Convertible Preferred Stock”). The Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $21.25 per share. The Investment Agreement also includes a delayed draw commitment of up to $45 million in additional Convertible Preferred Stock, which we may access during the next 12 months on the same terms and conditions as the initial investment (subject to shareholder approval). The proceeds from Crestview’s initial investment will be used to repay a portion of our 2018 Credit Facility, provide additional short-term liquidity, fund capital expenditures, and support general corporate purposes. Pursuant to the Investment Agreement, two Crestview Partners’ designees joined our Board of Directors, increasing the size of our board from seven to nine directors.
2018 Credit Agreement Amendment
On August 5, 2020 we entered into an amendment to our 2018 Credit Agreement, which, among other things, (i) waives our financial covenants until the end of the third quarter of 2022 (the “Covenant Waiver Period”) and (ii) requires us to maintain minimum liquidity of $125 million with a step down to $100 million at December 31, 2020. The interest rate on the borrowings is equal to LIBOR plus 350 basis points, with a LIBOR floor of one percent during the Covenant Waiver Period. The LIBOR floor continues until the end of the 2018 Credit Agreement. Additionally, we are precluded from paying cash dividends, from issuing unsecured debt, and from accessing the $250 million expansion feature during the Covenant Waiver Period. The amendment also allows us to make acquisitions under certain conditions. Viad pledged 100% of the capital stock of its top-tier foreign subsidiaries (other than Esja). Fees related to the amendment were approximately $1.6 million.
Sale of GES warehouse
On July 24, 2020, we sold a GES warehouse in San Diego and received cash proceeds of $17.0 million.
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Icefield Accident
On July 18, 2020, an off-road Ice Explorer operated by our Pursuit business was involved in an accident enroute with 27 people to the Athabasca Glacier, resulting in three fatalities and multiple other serious injuries. We are making every effort to actively support the victims and their families, and we are fully cooperating with the applicable regulatory authorities to investigate this incident. We immediately reported the accident to our relevant insurance carriers, who are also supporting the investigation. Subject to customary deductibles, we believe that our insurance coverage is sufficient to cover potential losses related to this accident.
​

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Forward-Looking Statements
This Form 10-Q contains a number of forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words, and variations of words, such as “will,” “may,” “expect,” “would,” “could,” “might,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “deliver,” “seek,” “aim,” “potential,” “target,” “outlook,” and similar expressions are intended to identify our forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q include, among others, statements about our plans, business strategies, initiatives, intentions, goals and the outlook related to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including on the demand for travel, event business and travel experiences, the timing of event and attraction re-openings, financial performance, prospects or future events. There are a number of risks, uncertainties and other important factors, many of which are beyond our control, that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Such risks, uncertainties and other important factors include, among others: the factors set forth under “Risk Factors” (Part I, Item 1A) and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” (Part II, Item 7) in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), as may be updated elsewhere in this report; and the information set forth in other Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K that we have filed or will file with the SEC; the short- and longer-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including on the demand for travel, event business and travel experiences, and levels of consumer confidence; actions that governments, businesses, and individuals take in response to the COVID-19 pandemic or any future resurgence, including limiting or banning travel; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and actions taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic or any future resurgence, on global and regional economies, travel, and economic activity, including the duration and magnitude of its impact on unemployment rates and consumer discretionary spending; the pace of recovery following the COVID-19 pandemic or any future resurgence; COVID-19 may cause us to incur additional expenses. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts and are subject to a host of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. We disclaim and do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement except as required by applicable law or regulation.
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with our 2019 Form 10-K and the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Form 10-Q. The MD&A is intended to assist in understanding our financial condition and results of operations.
Overview
We are an international experiential services company with operations in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, continental Europe, the United Arab Emirates, and Iceland. We are committed to providing unforgettable experiences to our clients and guests. We operate through three reportable business segments: GES North America, GES EMEA, (collectively, “GES”), and Pursuit.
GES
GES is a global, full-service live events company offering a comprehensive range of services to event organizers and corporate brand marketers. Event organizers schedule and run events from start to finish. Corporate brand marketers include exhibitors and domestic and international corporations that want to promote their brands, services and innovation, feature new products and build business relationships. GES serves corporate brand marketers when they exhibit at shows and when GES is engaged to manage their global exhibit program or produce their proprietary corporate events.
Pursuit
Pursuit is a collection of inspiring and unforgettable travel experiences that include recreational attractions, unique hotels and lodges, food and beverage, retail, sightseeing, and ground transportation services.
Impact of COVID-19
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a “pandemic.” COVID-19 has spread rapidly, with a high concentration of confirmed cases in the U.S. and other countries in which we operate. The rapid spread has resulted in authorities around the world implementing numerous measures to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, and business shutdowns. The COVID-19 pandemic and these containment measures have had, and are expected to continue to have, a substantial negative impact on businesses around the world and on global, regional, and national economies.
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The COVID-19 pandemic is having and will likely continue to have a significant and negative impact on our operations and financial performance, with live events largely shut down and tourism activity disruptions. As a result, we have taken the following measures to improve our liquidity position and mitigate the negative financial impacts due to COVID-19:
 	•	We implemented aggressive cost reduction actions, including furloughs, layoffs, mandatory unpaid time off, or salary reductions for all employees;	
 	•	Our executive management voluntarily reduced its base salaries by 20% to 50%;	
 	•	The non-employee members of our Board of Directors agreed to reduce their annual cash retainer and committee retainers by 50% for payments typically made to them in the second quarter of 2020;	
 	•	We eliminated all discretionary spending, reduced maintenance capital expenditures to essential levels, and paused spending on the majority of growth projects;	
 	•	We suspended future dividend payments, share repurchases, and our 401(k) Plan employer match contributions for the foreseeable future;	
 	•	We availed ourselves of governmental assistance programs for wages and tax relief;	
 	•	We borrowed the remaining available capacity under the revolving credit facility (the “2018 Credit Facility”) at the beginning of April 2020 as a proactive measure to increase our cash position and preserve financial flexibility;	
 	•	In May 2020, we obtained a waiver of our financial covenants for the quarter ending June 30, 2020;	
 	•	In May 2020, we terminated our legacy life insurance policies on former employees and received the cash proceeds of $24.8 million;	
 	•	In July 2020, we sold a GES warehouse in San Diego and received cash proceeds of $17.0 million;	
 	•	In August 2020, we secured a new equity capital investment of up to $180 million through the issuance of perpetual convertible preferred stock; and	
 	•	In August 2020, we obtained longer-term financial covenant relief until the end of the third quarter of 2022.	
 
On August 5, 2020, we entered into an investment agreement with funds managed by private equity firm Crestview Partners (the “Investment Agreement”) who made an initial investment of $135 million, net of approximately $9 million in fees, in newly issued perpetual convertible preferred stock that carries a 5.5% dividend, which is payable in cash or in-kind at Viad’s option (the “Convertible Preferred Stock”). The Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $21.25 per share. The Investment Agreement also includes a delayed draw commitment of up to $45 million in additional Convertible Preferred Stock, which we may access during the next 12 months on the same terms and conditions as the initial investment (subject to shareholder approval). The proceeds from Crestview’s initial investment will be used to repay a portion of our 2018 Credit Facility, provide additional short-term liquidity, fund capital expenditures, and support general corporate purposes. Pursuant to the Investment Agreement, two Crestview Partners’ designees joined our Board of Directors, increasing the size of our board from seven to nine directors. On August 5, 2020 we entered into an amendment to our Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “2018 Credit Agreement”), which, among other things, (i) waives our financial covenants until the end of the third quarter of 2022 (the “Covenant Waiver Period”) and (ii) requires us to maintain minimum liquidity of $125 million with a step down to $100 million at December 31, 2020. The interest rate on the borrowings is equal to LIBOR plus 350 basis points, with a LIBOR floor of one percent during the Covenant Waiver Period. The LIBOR floor continues until the end of the 2018 Credit Agreement. Additionally, we are precluded from paying cash dividends, from issuing unsecured debt, and from accessing the $250 million expansion feature during the Covenant Waiver Period. The amendment also allows us to make acquisitions under certain conditions. Viad pledged 100% of the capital stock of its top-tier foreign subsidiaries (other than Esja). Fees related to the amendment were approximately $1.6 million.
Due to the deteriorating macroeconomic environment, disruptions to our operations, and the sustained decline in our stock price caused by COVID-19, we determined an interim triggering event had occurred in the first quarter of 2020, which required us to assess the carrying values of goodwill and intangible assets. Based on this assessment, we recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $72.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020 associated with the GES U.S., GES EMEA, and Pursuit’s Glacier Park Collection reporting units. Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2020, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge to other intangible assets of $15.7 million related to our U.S. audio-visual production business.
During the second quarter of 2020 and into July, GES continued to experience event postponements and cancellations and we experienced further declines in our stock price. There has also been an increased spread of the COVID-19 virus throughout the United States, which resulted in further closures and governor orders that we believe have increased the uncertainty regarding when the live event industry will re-commence and how long it will take to get back to similar pre-COVID-19 business levels. The uncertainty regarding the duration of the current domestic and global economic conditions and whether further deterioration in the macroeconomic environment will continue as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic was factored into our second quarter goodwill impairment analysis. As a result, we recorded a full impairment charge to the remaining GES goodwill balance of $113.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020. Our remaining goodwill balance as of June 30, 2020 of $95.2 million pertains to our
36

Pursuit business, which phased in most of its attractions and lodging operations in June and July of 2020. The duration and impact of COVID-19 may result in additional future impairment charges as facts and circumstances evolve.
Seasonality
GES’ exhibition and event activity can vary significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year depending on the frequency and timing of shows. Some shows are not held annually, and some shift between quarters. During 2019, GES reported its highest revenue during the second and fourth quarters.
Pursuit experiences peak activity during the summer months. During 2019, 85% of Pursuit’s revenue was earned in the second and third quarters.
As a result of COVID-19 concerns, we continue to see event postponements and cancellations at GES, as well as some cancelled bookings at Pursuit. To help reduce the spread of COVID-19, Pursuit’s year-round attractions and lodging properties were closed temporarily starting in mid-March and remained closed during most of the second quarter of 2020. As government mandated closures and stay-at-home orders were lifted, we began to restart our business with enhanced health and safety protocols in place. We phased in most of Pursuit’s attractions and lodging operations starting in May and continuing into July. However, exhibition and event activity remain largely closed. For GES, we believe that, as governments continue to lift restrictions, events in certain geographies will gradually increase and we stand ready to reactivate areas of that business when it makes sense to do so. Additionally, in the event of a future resurgence of the virus, we may be required to re-close certain attractions or events based on local or governmental restrictions implemented.
The extent of the COVID-19 pandemic’s effect on our operational and financial performance will depend on future developments including the duration, spread, and intensity of the virus, all of which are uncertain and difficult to predict. Due to the speed with which the situation is developing, we are not able at this time to fully estimate the effect of these factors on our business, however, the adverse impact on our business, results of operations, and cash flows has been material. We will continue to evaluate and implement additional cost-cutting measures as are necessary to mitigate the negative financial and operational impact of COVID-19 on our business. For a discussion of the risks and uncertainties that may affect our business or financial results, refer to “Risk Factors” (Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q).
Results of Operations
Financial Highlights
 
 	 	Three Months Ended	 	 	 	 	 	 	Six Months Ended	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	June 30,	 	 	 	 	 	 	June 30,	 	 	 	 	 	
(in thousands, except per share data)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	%
Change	 	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	%
Change	 	
Total revenue	 	$	30,863	 	 	$	402,279	 	 	 	(92.3	)%	 	$	336,871	 	 	$	687,873	 	 	 	(51.0	)%	
Net income (loss) attributable to Viad	 	$	(206,278	)	 	$	13,824	 	 	**	 	 	$	(292,863	)	 	$	(3,953	)	 	**	 	
Segment operating income (loss) (1)	 	$	(49,752	)	 	$	46,566	 	 	**	 	 	$	(59,168	)	 	$	35,314	 	 	**	 	
Diluted income (loss) per common share
  from continuing operations attributable
  to Viad common stockholders	 	$	(10.17	)	 	$	0.65	 	 	**	 	 	$	(14.44	)	 	$	(0.22	)	 	**	 	
** Change is greater than +/- 100%
37

 	•	Total revenue decreased $371.4 million or 92.3%, during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and decreased $351.0 million or 51.0% during the six months ended June 30, 2020. These decreases are primarily due to show postponements and cancellations at GES and the temporary closure of Pursuit’s properties due to the COVID-19 pandemic, negative show rotation of approximately $51 million at GES during the three months ended June 30, 2020, and unfavorable foreign exchange impacts of $0.4 million and $1.5 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, offset in part by incremental revenue from Pursuit’s Mountain Park Lodges acquisition.	
 	•	Net loss attributable to Viad was $206.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to income of $13.8 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019. Net loss attributable to Viad increased $288.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2019. The 2020 net losses are primarily due to lower revenue and impairment charges of $114.0 million and $202.4 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, valuation allowances of $25.5 million against deferred tax assets as well as no tax benefits on non-deductible goodwill impairments and certain losses recognized, offset in part by lower performance-based compensation expense as we reduced our estimated performance achievement to zero as a result of COVID-19.	
 	•	Total segment operating loss(1) was $49.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to income of $46.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019. Segment operating loss was $59.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to income of $35.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019. The 2020 losses are primarily due to lower revenue at GES and Pursuit as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, offset in part by the elimination of performance-based incentives.	
(1)	Refer to Note 22 – Segment Information of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure, segment operating income (loss), to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.	
Foreign Exchange Rate Variances
We conduct our foreign operations primarily in Canada, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, and to a lesser extent, in certain other countries.
The following table summarizes the foreign exchange rate variance effects (or “FX Impact”) on revenue and segment operating income (loss) from our significant international operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019:
Three months ended June 30, 2020 compared with the three months ended June 30, 2019
 
 	 	Revenue	 	 	Segment Operating Income (Loss)	 	
 	 	Weighted-Average
Exchange Rates	 	 	FX Impact	 	 	Weighted-Average
Exchange Rates	 	 	FX Impact	 	
 	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	(in thousands)	 	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	(in thousands)	 	
GES North America:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Canada (CAD)	 	$	0.72	 	 	$	0.75	 	 	$	(30	)	 	$	0.72	 	 	$	0.75	 	 	$	49	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES EMEA:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
United Kingdom (GBP)	 	$	1.24	 	 	$	1.28	 	 	$	(305	)	 	$	1.24	 	 	$	1.28	 	 	$	(44	)	
Europe (EUR)	 	$	1.10	 	 	$	1.12	 	 	 	(14	)	 	$	1.10	 	 	$	1.12	 	 	 	22	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(319	)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(22	)	
Pursuit:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Canada (CAD)	 	$	0.73	 	 	$	0.75	 	 	 	(47	)	 	$	0.72	 	 	$	0.75	 	 	 	288	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	$	(396	)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	$	315	 	
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Six months ended June 30, 2020 compared with the six months ended June 30, 2019
 
 	 	Revenue	 	 	Segment Operating Income (Loss)	 	
 	 	Weighted-Average
Exchange Rates	 	 	FX Impact	 	 	Weighted-Average
Exchange Rates	 	 	FX Impact	 	
 	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	(in thousands)	 	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	(in thousands)	 	
GES North America:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Canada (CAD)	 	$	0.73	 	 	$	0.75	 	 	$	(364	)	 	$	0.73	 	 	$	0.75	 	 	$	(31	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES EMEA:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
United Kingdom (GBP)	 	$	1.27	 	 	$	1.29	 	 	$	(812	)	 	$	1.26	 	 	$	1.29	 	 	$	(90	)	
Europe (EUR)	 	$	1.10	 	 	$	1.13	 	 	 	(195	)	 	$	1.10	 	 	$	1.13	 	 	 	27	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(1,007	)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(63	)	
Pursuit:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Canada (CAD)	 	$	0.75	 	 	$	0.75	 	 	 	(85	)	 	$	0.73	 	 	$	0.75	 	 	 	380	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	$	(1,456	)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	$	286	 	
Revenue and segment operating income (loss) were primarily impacted by variances of the British pound, the Canadian dollar, and the Euro relative to the U.S. dollar. Future changes in exchange rates may impact overall expected profitability and historical period-to-period comparisons when revenue and segment operating income (loss) are translated into U.S. dollars.
Analysis of Revenue and Operating Results by Reportable Segment
GES
The following table presents a comparison of GES’ reported revenue and segment operating income (loss) to organic revenue(1) and organic segment operating income (loss)(1) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.
 
 	 	Three Months Ended	 	 	Three Months Ended	 	 	 	 	
 	 	June 30, 2020	 	 	June 30, 2019	 	 	Change vs. 2019	 	
(in thousands)	 	As Reported	 	 	Acquisitions	 	 	FX Impact	 	 	Organic(1)	 	 	As Reported	 	 	Acquisitions	 	 	Organic(1)	 	 	As Reported	 	 	Organic(1)	 	
Revenue:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
North America	 	$	18,776	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	(30	)	 	$	18,806	 	 	$	283,682	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	283,682	 	 	 	(93.4	)%	 	 	(93.4	)%	
EMEA	 	 	7,808	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(319	)	 	 	8,127	 	 	 	69,505	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	69,505	 	 	 	(88.8	)%	 	 	(88.3	)%	
Intersegment eliminations	 	 	(985	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(985	)	 	 	(6,317	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(6,317	)	 	 	84.4	%	 	 	84.4	%	
Total GES	 	$	25,599	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	(349	)	 	$	25,948	 	 	$	346,870	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	346,870	 	 	 	(92.6	)%	 	 	(92.5	)%	
Segment operating income (loss)(2):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
North America	 	$	(29,174	)	 	$	—	 	 	$	49	 	 	$	(29,223	)	 	$	30,589	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	30,589	 	 	**	 	 	**	 	
EMEA	 	 	(2,886	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(22	)	 	 	(2,864	)	 	 	4,664	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	4,664	 	 	**	 	 	**	 	
Total GES	 	$	(32,060	)	 	$	—	 	 	$	27	 	 	$	(32,087	)	 	$	35,253	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	35,253	 	 	**	 	 	**	 	
39

 
 	 	Six Months Ended	 	 	Six Months Ended	 	 	 	 	
 	 	June 30, 2020	 	 	June 30, 2019	 	 	Change vs. 2019	 	
(in thousands)	 	As Reported	 	 	Acquisitions	 	 	FX Impact	 	 	Organic(1)	 	 	As Reported	 	 	Acquisitions	 	 	Organic(1)	 	 	As Reported	 	 	Organic(1)	 	
Revenue:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
North America	 	$	270,534	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	(364	)	 	$	270,898	 	 	$	506,923	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	506,923	 	 	 	(46.6	)%	 	 	(46.6	)%	
EMEA	 	 	50,524	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(1,007	)	 	 	51,531	 	 	 	123,881	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	123,881	 	 	 	(59.2	)%	 	 	(58.4	)%	
Intersegment eliminations	 	 	(2,974	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2,974	)	 	 	(9,007	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(9,007	)	 	 	67.0	%	 	 	67.0	%	
Total GES	 	$	318,084	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	(1,371	)	 	$	319,455	 	 	$	621,797	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	621,797	 	 	 	(48.8	)%	 	 	(48.6	)%	
Segment operating income (loss)(2):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
GES:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
North America	 	$	(17,208	)	 	$	—	 	 	$	(31	)	 	$	(17,177	)	 	$	31,197	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	31,197	 	 	**	 	 	**	 	
EMEA	 	 	(3,994	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(63	)	 	 	(3,931	)	 	 	5,799	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	5,799	 	 	**	 	 	**	 	
Total GES	 	$	(21,202	)	 	$	—	 	 	$	(94	)	 	$	(21,108	)	 	$	36,996	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	36,996	 	 	**	 	 	**	 	
** Change is greater than +/- 100%
(1)	Organic revenue and organic segment operating income (loss) are non-GAAP financial measures that adjust for the impacts of exchange rate variances and acquisitions, if any, until such acquisitions are included in the entirety of both comparable periods presented. For more information about organic revenue and organic segment operating income (loss), see the “Non-GAAP Measures” section of this MD&A.	
(2)	Refer to Note 22 – Segment Information of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure, segment operating income (loss), to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.	
 
GES North America
GES North America revenue decreased $264.9 million or 93.4% during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and $236.4 million or 46.6% during the six months ended June 30, 2020, primarily due to show postponements and cancellations due to the COVID-19 pandemic as well as negative show rotation of approximately $31 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we had positive show rotation of approximately $30 million. Revenue earned during the second quarter was primarily driven by compensation for work completed on cancelled shows and the conversion of convention centers into temporary hospitals in early April. Organic revenue* decreased $264.9 million or 93.4% during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and $236.0 million or 46.6% during the six months ended June 30, 2020.
GES North America segment operating loss was $29.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to income of $30.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019. Segment operating loss was $17.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to income of $31.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019. The 2020 losses are primarily due to the decrease in revenue and the elimination of performance-based incentives. Organic segment operating loss* was $29.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to income of $30.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019. Organic segment operating loss* was $17.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to income of $31.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019.
GES EMEA
GES EMEA revenue decreased $61.7 million or 88.8% during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and $73.4 million or 59.2% during the six months ended June 30, 2020, primarily due to show postponements and cancellations due to the COVID-19 pandemic as well as negative show rotation of approximately $20 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and $25 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and unfavorable FX Impacts of $0.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and $1.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020. Revenue earned during the second quarter was primarily driven by compensation for work completed on cancelled shows. Organic revenue* decreased $61.4 million or 88.3% during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and $72.4 million or 58.4% during the six months ended June 30, 2020.
GES EMEA segment operating loss was $2.9 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to income of $4.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019. Segment operating loss was $4.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to income of $5.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019. The 2020 losses are primarily due to the decrease in revenue. Organic segment operating loss* was $2.9 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to
40

income of $4.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019. Organic segment operating loss* was $3.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to income of $5.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019.
* Refer to footnote (1) in the above table for more information about the non-GAAP financial measures of organic revenue and organic segment operating income (loss).
Pursuit
The following table presents a comparison of Pursuit’s reported revenue and segment operating income (loss) to organic revenue(3) and organic segment operating loss(3) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.
 
 	 	Three Months Ended	 	 	Three Months Ended	 	 	 	 	
 	 	June 30, 2020	 	 	June 30, 2019	 	 	Change vs. 2019	 	
(in thousands)	 	As Reported	 	 	Acquisitions(2)	 	 	FX Impact	 	 	Organic(3)	 	 	As Reported	 	 	Acquisitions	 	 	Organic(3)	 	 	As Reported	 	 	Organic(3)	 	
Revenue(1):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Pursuit:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Attractions	 	$	2,164	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	(30	)	 	$	2,194	 	 	$	29,836	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	29,836	 	 	 	(92.7	)%	 	 	(92.6	)%	
Hospitality	 	 	2,998	 	 	 	1,104	 	 	 	(17	)	 	 	1,911	 	 	 	20,587	 	 	 	3,018	 	 	 	17,569	 	 	 	(85.4	)%	 	 	(89.1	)%	
Transportation	 	 	14	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	1	 	 	 	13	 	 	 	4,007	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	4,007	 	 	 	(99.7	)%	 	 	(99.7	)%	
Travel Planning	 	 	2	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	2	 	 	 	1,150	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	1,150	 	 	 	(99.8	)%	 	 	(99.8	)%	
Intra-Segment Eliminations & Other	 	 	86	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(1	)	 	 	87	 	 	 	(171	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(171	)	 	**	 	 	**	 	
Total Pursuit	 	$	5,264	 	 	$	1,104	 	 	$	(47	)	 	$	4,207	 	 	$	55,409	 	 	$	3,018	 	 	$	52,391	 	 	 	(90.5	)%	 	 	(92.0	)%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Segment operating income (loss)(4):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Pursuit	 	$	(17,692	)	 	$	(1,787	)	 	$	288	 	 	$	(16,193	)	 	$	11,313	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	11,313	 	 	**	 	 	**	 	

 	 	Six Months Ended	 	 	Six Months Ended	 	 	 	 	
 	 	June 30, 2020	 	 	June 30, 2019	 	 	Change vs. 2019	 	
(in thousands)	 	As Reported	 	 	Acquisitions(2)	 	 	FX Impact	 	 	Organic(3)	 	 	As Reported	 	 	Acquisitions	 	 	Organic(3)	 	 	As Reported	 	 	Organic(3)	 	
Revenue(1):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Pursuit:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Attractions	 	$	7,442	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	(44	)	 	$	7,486	 	 	$	34,504	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	34,504	 	 	 	(78.4	)%	 	 	(78.3	)%	
Hospitality	 	 	8,979	 	 	 	4,044	 	 	 	(28	)	 	 	4,963	 	 	 	24,251	 	 	 	3,018	 	 	 	21,233	 	 	 	(63.0	)%	 	 	(76.6	)%	
Transportation	 	 	2,160	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(11	)	 	 	2,171	 	 	 	6,157	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	6,157	 	 	 	(64.9	)%	 	 	(64.7	)%	
Travel Planning	 	 	201	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	(2	)	 	 	203	 	 	 	1,597	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	1,597	 	 	 	(87.4	)%	 	 	(87.3	)%	
Intra-Segment Eliminations & Other	 	 	5	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	5	 	 	 	(433	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	(433	)	 	**	 	 	**	 	
Total Pursuit	 	$	18,787	 	 	$	4,044	 	 	$	(85	)	 	$	14,828	 	 	$	66,076	 	 	$	3,018	 	 	$	63,058	 	 	 	(71.6	)%	 	 	(76.5	)%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Segment operating loss(4):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Pursuit	 	$	(37,966	)	 	$	(4,254	)	 	$	380	 	 	$	(34,092	)	 	$	(1,682	)	 	$	—	 	 	$	(1,682	)	 	**	 	 	**	 	

(1)	Revenue by line of business does not agree to Note 2 – Revenue and Related Contract Costs and Contract Liabilities in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q) as the amounts in the above table include product revenue from food and beverage and retail operations within each line of business.	
(2)	Acquisitions include Mountain Park Lodges (acquired June 2019) and Belton Chalet (acquired May 2019).	
41

(3)	Organic revenue and organic segment operating income (loss) are non-GAAP financial measures that adjust for the impacts of exchange rate variances and acquisitions, if any, until such acquisitions are included in the entirety of both comparable periods presented. For more information about organic revenue and organic segment operating income (loss), see the “Non-GAAP Measures” section of this MD&A.	
(4)	Refer to Note 22 – Segment Information of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure, segment operating income (loss), to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.	
Pursuit revenue decreased $50.1 million or 90.5% during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and $47.3 million or 71.6% during the six months ended June 30, 2020, primarily due to temporary closure of Pursuit’s properties due to the COVID-19 pandemic, offset in part by incremental revenue from the Mountain Park Lodges acquisition of $1.1 million and $4.0 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Organic revenue* decreased $48.2 million or 92.0% during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and $48.2 million or 76.5% during the six months ended June 30, 2020.
Pursuit segment operating loss was $17.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to income of $11.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019. Segment operating loss increased $36.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2019. The 2020 losses are primarily due to the decrease in revenue. Organic segment operating loss* was $16.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to income of $11.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019. Organic segment operating loss* increased $32.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2019.
* Refer to footnote (3) in the above table for more information about the non-GAAP financial measures of organic revenue and organic segment operating loss.
Performance Measures
We use the following key business metrics to evaluate the performance of Pursuit’s attractions business:
 	•	Number of visitors. The number of visitors allows us to assess the volume of tickets sold at each attraction during the period.	
 	•	Revenue per attraction visitor. Revenue per attraction visitor is calculated as total attractions revenue divided by the total number of visitors at all Pursuit attractions during the period. Total attractions revenue includes ticket sales and ancillary revenue generated by attractions, such as food and beverage and retail revenue. Total attractions revenue per visitor measures the total spend per visitor that attraction properties are able to capture, which is important to the profitability of the attractions business.	
 	•	Effective ticket price. Effective ticket price is calculated as revenue from the sale of attraction tickets divided by the total number of visitors at all comparable Pursuit attractions during the period.	
We use the following key business metrics, common in the hospitality industry, to evaluate Pursuit’s hospitality business:
 	•	Revenue per Available Room. RevPAR is calculated as total rooms revenue divided by the total number of room nights available for all comparable Pursuit hospitality properties during the period. Total rooms revenue does not include non-rooms revenue, which consists of ancillary revenue generated by hospitality properties, such as food and beverage and retail revenue. RevPAR measures the period-over-period change in rooms revenue per available room for comparable hospitality properties. RevPAR is affected by average daily rate and occupancy, which have different implications on profitability.	
 	•	Average Daily Rate. ADR is calculated as total rooms revenue divided by the total number of room nights sold for all comparable Pursuit hospitality properties during the period. ADR is used to assess the pricing levels that the hospitality properties are able to realize. Increases in ADR lead to increases in rooms revenue with no substantial effect on variable costs, therefore having a greater impact on margins than increases in occupancy.	
 	•	Occupancy. Occupancy is calculated as the total number of room nights sold divided by the total number of room nights available for all comparable Pursuit hospitality properties during the period. Occupancy measures the utilization of the available capacity at the hospitality properties. Increases in occupancy result in increases in rooms revenue and additional variable operating costs (including housekeeping services, utilities, and room amenity costs), as well as increases in ancillary non-rooms revenue (including food and beverage and retail revenue).	
The following table provides Pursuit’s same-store key performance indicators. The same-store metrics indicate the performance of all Pursuit’s properties and attractions that we owned and operated at full capacity, considering seasonal closures, for the entirety of both periods presented. For Pursuit properties and attractions located outside of the U.S., comparisons to the prior year are on a constant U.S. dollar basis, using the current year quarterly average exchange rates for previous periods, to eliminate the FX Impact. We believe this same-store constant currency basis provides better comparability between reporting periods.
42

 
 	 	Three Months Ended	 	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	 	June 30,	 	 	June 30,	 	
 	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	% Change	 	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	Change vs. 2019	 	
Same-Store Key Performance Indicators (1)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Attractions:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Number of visitors	 	 	36,574	 	 	 	650,724	 	 	 	(94.4	)%	 	 	144,785	 	 	 	801,890	 	 	 	(81.9	)%	
Revenue per attraction visitor	 	$	48	 	 	$	45	 	 	 	6.7	%	 	$	37	 	 	$	42	 	 	 	(11.9	)%	
Effective ticket price	 	$	32	 	 	$	35	 	 	 	(8.6	)%	 	$	26	 	 	$	33	 	 	 	(21.2	)%	
Hospitality:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Room nights available (2)	 	 	13,540	 	 	 	78,792	 	 	 	(82.8	)%	 	 	49,305	 	 	 	118,572	 	 	 	(58.4	)%	
RevPAR (2)	 	$	32	 	 	$	125	 	 	 	(74.4	)%	 	$	50	 	 	$	102	 	 	 	(51.0	)%	
ADR	 	$	167	 	 	$	200	 	 	 	(16.5	)%	 	$	109	 	 	$	172	 	 	 	(36.6	)%	
Occupancy (2)	 	 	18.9	%	 	 	62.5	%	 	 	(43.6	)%	 	 	45.5	%	 	 	59.4	%	 	 	(13.9	)%	
(1)	Same-Store Key Performance Indicators for attractions exclude FlyOver Iceland (opened August 2019). Same-Store Key Performance Indicators for hospitality excludes the Glacier Basecamp Lodge (purchased January 2020), West Glacier RV Park & Cabins (opened July 2019), Mountain Park Lodges (acquired in June 2019), and the Belton Chalet (acquired May 2019).	
(2)	The rooms that were out of service as a result of property closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic were excluded from room nights available when calculating hospitality RevPAR and occupancy.	
For the health and well-being of our employees, guests, and community, Pursuit’s year-round attractions and lodging properties were closed temporarily starting in mid-March and remained closed during most of the second quarter of 2020. On May 8, 2020, we re-opened FlyOver Iceland, and during June and July of 2020, the majority of Pursuit’s properties were re-opened. St. Mary Lodge and Glacier Park Lodge remain closed due to a government-imposed closure at the East Glacier entrance at Glacier National Park. In order to mitigate the negative financial and operational impacts, we have eliminated all non-essential capital expenditures. This has resulted in the delay of the opening of FlyOver Canada Toronto, which is now anticipated to open in 2023. FlyOver Las Vegas and the Sky Lagoon are still on track to open in 2021.
Attractions. The decrease in same-store visitors was driven by the temporary closure of our attractions in March 2020 as a result of COVID-19. Revenue per attraction visitor increased during the three months ended June 30, 2020 primarily driven by product mix.
Hospitality. The decrease in RevPAR and ADR was driven by lower demand as a result of COVID-19.
During 2019, Pursuit derived approximately 66% of its revenue and 88% of its segment operating income from its Canadian operations, which are largely dependent on foreign customer visitation. Accordingly, the reopening of borders and the strengthening or weakening of the Canadian dollar, relative to other currencies, could affect customer volumes and the results of operations.
Other Expenses
 
 	 	Three Months Ended	 	 	 	 	 	 	Six Months Ended	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	June 30,	 	 	 	 	 	 	June 30,	 	 	 	 	 	
(in thousands)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	% Change	 	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	 	Change vs. 2019	 	
Corporate activities	 	$	2,468	 	 	$	3,282	 	 	 	(24.8	)%	 	$	3,257	 	 	$	5,115	 	 	 	(36.3	)%	
Interest expense	 	$	5,186	 	 	$	2,957	 	 	 	75.4	%	 	$	9,204	 	 	$	5,872	 	 	 	56.7	%	
Multi-employer pension plan withdrawal	 	$	462	 	 	$	15,508	 	 	 	(97.0	)%	 	$	462	 	 	$	15,508	 	 	 	(97.0	)%	
Restructuring charges	 	$	260	 	 	$	4,455	 	 	 	(94.2	)%	 	$	1,111	 	 	$	5,143	 	 	 	(78.4	)%	
Legal settlement	 	$	—	 	 	$	—	 	 	**	 	 	$	—	 	 	$	8,500	 	 	 	(100.0	)%	
Impairment charges	 	$	114,020	 	 	$	—	 	 	**	 	 	$	202,400	 	 	$	—	 	 	**	 	
Income tax expense (benefit)	 	$	35,516	 	 	$	6,565	 	 	**	 	 	$	19,719	 	 	$	(1,030	)	 	**	 	
Income (loss) from discontinued operations	 	$	(379	)	 	$	460	 	 	**	 	 	$	(833	)	 	$	173	 	 	**	 	
** Change is greater than +/- 100%
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Corporate Activities – The decrease in corporate activities expense during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 relative to 2019 was primarily due to lower headcount and lower performance-based compensation expense as we reduced our estimated performance achievement to zero as a result of COVID-19.
Interest Expense – The increase in interest expense during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 was primarily due to higher debt balances in 2020.
Multi-employer pension plan withdrawal – During 2019, we finalized the terms of a new collective-bargaining agreement with the Teamsters 727 union. The terms included a withdrawal from the under-funded Central States Pension Plan. Accordingly, we recorded a charge of $15.5 million, which represented the estimated present value of future contributions we will be required to make to the plan as a result of this withdrawal from the plan. Additionally, in 2020 we recorded $0.5 million related to the withdrawal from one of our multi-employer plans.
Restructuring Charges – Restructuring charges during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were primarily related to the elimination of certain positions at GES and Viad’s corporate office.
Legal Settlement – During the six months ended June 30, 2019, we recorded a charge to resolve a legal dispute at GES involving a former industry contractor.
Impairment Charges – Due to the impact of COVID-19 on our business, we performed interim evaluations of goodwill as of March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020. During the first quarter of 2020, we recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $72.7 million associated with GES U.S., GES EMEA, and Pursuit’s Glacier Park Collection reporting units and we recorded a non-cash impairment charge to other intangible assets of $15.7 million related to our U.S. audio-visual production business. During the second quarter of 2020, we recorded a full impairment charge to the remaining GES goodwill balance of $113.1 million in addition to a fixed asset impairment charge of $0.9 million.
Income Tax Benefit – The effective tax rate was a negative 20.6% for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 32.8%  for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The effective tax rate was a negative 7.1% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 18.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The negative effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 were due to the recording of a valuation allowance this quarter against our remaining U.S., UK, and other European net deferred tax assets of $25.5 million, as well as no tax benefits on non-deductible goodwill impairments and losses recognized in those jurisdictions.
Loss from Discontinued Operations – Loss from discontinued operations during 2020 and 2019 was primarily related to legal expenses related to previously sold operations.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We borrowed the remaining available capacity under the 2018 Credit Facility at the beginning of April 2020. Cash and cash equivalents were $154.2 million as of June 30, 2020, as compared to $62.0 million as of December 31, 2019. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we used net cash in operating activities of $31.2 million. In May 2020, we terminated our legacy life insurance policies on former employees and received $24.8 million.
On August 5, 2020, we entered into an investment agreement with funds managed by private equity firm Crestview Partners (the “Investment Agreement”) who made an initial investment of $135 million, net of approximately $9 million in fees, in newly issued perpetual convertible preferred stock that carries a 5.5% dividend, which is payable in cash or in-kind at Viad’s option (the “Convertible Preferred Stock”). The Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $21.25 per share. The Investment Agreement also includes a delayed draw commitment of up to $45 million in additional Convertible Preferred Stock, which we may access during the next 12 months on the same terms and conditions as the initial investment (subject to shareholder approval). The proceeds from Crestview’s initial investment will be used to repay a portion of our 2018 Credit Facility, provide additional short-term liquidity, fund capital expenditures, and support general corporate purposes. On August 5, 2020 we entered into an amendment to our 2018 Credit Agreement, which, among other things, (i) waives our financial covenants until the end of the third quarter of 2022 (the “Covenant Waiver Period”) and (ii) requires us to maintain minimum liquidity of $125 million with a step down to $100 million at December 31, 2020. The interest rate on the borrowings is equal to LIBOR plus 350 basis points, with a LIBOR floor of one percent during the Covenant Waiver Period. The LIBOR floor continues until the end of the 2018 Credit Agreement. Additionally, we are precluded from paying cash dividends, from issuing unsecured debt, and from accessing the $250 million expansion feature during the Covenant Waiver Period. The amendment also allows us to make acquisitions under certain conditions. Viad pledged 100% of the capital stock of its top-tier foreign subsidiaries (other than Esja). Fees related to the amendment were approximately $1.6 million.
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As of June 30, 2020, we held approximately $47.9 million of our cash and cash equivalents outside of the United States, consisting of $15.6 million in Canada, $12.3 million in the United Kingdom, $9.9 million in the United Arab Emirates, $8.6 million in the Netherlands, and $1.5 million in certain other countries.
Cash Flows
Operating Activities
 
 	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	 	June 30,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Net loss	 	$	(296,551	)	 	$	(4,318	)	
Depreciation and amortization	 	 	29,135	 	 	 	27,715	 	
Deferred income taxes	 	 	19,514	 	 	 	6,215	 	
(Income) loss from discontinued operations	 	 	833	 	 	 	(173	)	
Restructuring charges	 	 	1,111	 	 	 	5,143	 	
Legal settlement	 	 	—	 	 	 	8,500	 	
Impairment charges	 	 	202,400	 	 	 	—	 	
Multi-employer pension plan withdrawal	 	 	462	 	 	 	15,508	 	
Other non-cash items	 	 	8,809	 	 	 	6,113	 	
Changes in assets and liabilities	 	 	3,122	 	 	 	(25,166	)	
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	 	$	(31,165	)	 	$	39,537	 	
The main factors driving the increase in cash used in operating activities of $70.7 million were net losses at GES and Pursuit due to the COVID-19 pandemic, offset in part by a favorable change in working capital.
Investing Activities
 
 	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	 	June 30,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Capital expenditures	 	$	(32,516	)	 	$	(46,517	)	
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies	 	 	24,767	 	 	 	—	 	
Cash paid for acquisitions, net	 	 	—	 	 	 	(72,918	)	
Proceeds from dispositions of property and other assets	 	 	4,654	 	 	 	768	 	
Net cash used in investing activities	 	$	(3,095	)	 	$	(118,667	)	
Net cash used in investing activities decreased $115.6 million primarily due to proceeds from the termination of our life insurance policies, the decrease in capital expenditures in 2020, and cash paid for acquisitions in 2019.
Financing Activities
 
 	 	Six Months Ended	 	
 	 	June 30,	 	
(in thousands)	 	2020	 	 	2019	 	
Proceeds from borrowings	 	$	192,111	 	 	$	133,827	 	
Payments on debt and finance lease obligations	 	 	(56,078	)	 	 	(47,862	)	
Dividends paid on common stock	 	 	(4,064	)	 	 	(4,034	)	
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	 	 	(1,526	)	 	 	—	 	
Payment of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld or repurchased	 	 	(1,062	)	 	 	(2,994	)	
Common stock purchased for treasury	 	 	(2,785	)	 	 	—	 	
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	 	 	2,077	 	 	 	92	 	
Net cash provided by financing activities	 	$	128,673	 	 	$	79,029	 	
Cash provided by financing activities increased $49.6 million primarily due to the borrowings under the 2018 Credit Facility as a proactive measure to increase our cash position and preserve financial flexibility in light of current uncertainty in the global markets resulting from COVID-19, offset in part by the repurchase of treasury shares on the open market in 2020.
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Debt and Finance Lease Obligations
Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Lease Obligations of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion, all of which is incorporated by reference herein.
Share Repurchases
Our Board of Directors previously authorized us to repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time at prevailing market prices. Effective February 7, 2019, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional 500,000 shares. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we repurchased 53,784 shares on the open market for $2.8 million. No shares were repurchased on the open market during the six months ended June 30, 2019. As of June 30, 2020, 546,283 shares remained available for repurchase. The Board of Directors’ authorization does not have an expiration date.
Additionally, we repurchased shares related to tax withholding requirements on vested restricted share-based awards.
In March 2020, our Board of Directors suspended our share repurchase program for the foreseeable future.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements with unconsolidated special-purpose or other entities that would materially affect our financial position, results of operations, liquidity, or capital resources. Furthermore, we do not have any relationships with special-purpose or other entities that provide off-balance sheet financing; liquidity, market risk, or credit risk support; or engage in leasing or other services that may expose us to liability or risks of loss that are not reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes. Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Lease Obligations, Note 19 – Leases and Other, and Note 20 – Litigation, Claims, Contingencies, and Other of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Part I, Item 1 of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q) for further information, which information is incorporated by reference herein.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Refer to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” (Part II, Item 7) of our 2019 Form 10-K, for a discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates.
Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to Note 1 – Overview and Basis of Presentation of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
Non-GAAP Measures
In addition to disclosing financial results that are determined in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), we also disclose the following non-GAAP financial measures: Segment operating income (loss), organic revenue, and organic segment operating income (loss) (collectively, the “Non-GAAP Measures”). Our use of Non-GAAP Measures is supplemental to, but not as a substitute for, other measures of financial performance reported in accordance with GAAP. As not all companies use identical calculations, our Non-GAAP Measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. We believe that our use of Non-GAAP Measures provides useful information to investors regarding our results of operations for trending, analyzing, and benchmarking our performance and the value of our business.
 	•	“Segment operating income (loss)” is net loss attributable to Viad before loss from discontinued operations, corporate activities, interest expense and interest income, income taxes, restructuring charges, impairment charges, and the reduction for income attributable to noncontrolling interest. Segment operating income (loss) is used to measure the profit and performance of our operating segments to facilitate period-to-period comparisons. Refer to Note 22 – Segment Information of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a reconciliation of segment operating income (loss) to loss from continuing operations before income taxes.	
 	•	“Organic revenue” and “organic segment operating income (loss)” are revenue and segment operating income (loss) (as defined above), respectively, without the impact of exchange rate variances and acquisitions, if any, until such acquisitions are included in the entirety of both comparable periods. The impact of exchange rate variances is calculated as the difference between current period activity translated at the current period’s exchange rates and the comparable prior period’s exchange rates. We believe the presentation of “organic” results permits investors to better understand our performance without the effects of exchange rate variances or acquisitions and to facilitate period-to-period comparisons and analysis of our operating	
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 		performance. Refer to the “Results of Operations” section of this MD&A for reconciliations of organic revenue and organic segment operating income (loss) to the most directly comparable GAAP measures.	
We believe non-GAAP Measures are useful operating metrics as they eliminate potential variations arising from taxes, debt service costs, impairment charges, and the effects of discontinued operations, resulting in additional measures considered to be indicative of our ongoing operations and segment performance. Although we use Non-GAAP Measures to assess the performance of our business, the use of these measures is limited because these measures do not consider material costs, expenses, and other items necessary to operate our business. These items include debt service costs, expenses related to U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income taxes, impairment charges, and the effects of discontinued operations. As the Non-GAAP Measures do not consider these items, you should consider net income attributable to Viad as an important measure of financial performance because it provides a more complete measure of our performance.
Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our market risk exposure relates to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates and interest rates. Foreign exchange risk is the risk that fluctuating exchange rates will adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations. Interest rate risk is the risk that changing interest rates will adversely affect our financial position or results of operations.
Our foreign operations are primarily in Canada, the United Kingdom, Iceland, the Netherlands, and Germany. The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is their local currency. Accordingly, for purposes of consolidation, we translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries into U.S. dollars at the foreign exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The unrealized gains or losses resulting from the translation of these foreign denominated assets and liabilities are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As a result, significant fluctuations in foreign exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar may result in material changes to our net equity position reported in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We do not currently hedge our equity risk arising from the translation of foreign denominated assets and liabilities. We recorded cumulative unrealized foreign currency translation losses in stockholders’ equity of $42.2 million as of June 30, 2020 and $23.8 million as of December 31, 2019. We recorded unrealized foreign currency translation losses in other comprehensive income of $18.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and unrealized foreign currency translation gains of $9.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019.
For purposes of consolidation, revenue, expenses, gains, and losses related to our foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the average foreign exchange rates for the period. As a result, our consolidated results of operations are exposed to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates as revenue and segment operating income (loss) of our foreign operations, when translated, may vary from period to period, even when the functional currency amounts have not changed. Such fluctuations may adversely impact overall expected profitability and historical period-to-period comparisons. We do not currently hedge our net earnings exposure arising from the translation of our foreign revenue and segment operating income (loss). Refer to “Foreign Exchange Rate Variances” section of this MD&A.
We are exposed to foreign exchange transaction risk, as our foreign subsidiaries have certain revenue transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the respective subsidiary. From time to time, we utilize forward contracts to mitigate the impact on earnings related to these transactions due to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we did not have any outstanding foreign currency forward contracts.
We are exposed to short-term and long-term interest rate risk on certain of our debt obligations. We do not currently use derivative financial instruments to hedge cash flows for such obligations.
Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
We have established disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management, together with our CEO and CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2020. Based on this evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2020.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended June 30, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Refer to Note 20 – Litigation, Claims, Contingencies, and Other of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q) for information regarding our legal proceedings that is incorporated by reference herein.
Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
Our operations and financial results are subject to known and unknown risks. As a result, past financial performance and historical trends may not be reliable indicators of our future performance.
The recent COVID-19 pandemic and related responsive actions have adversely affected our financial condition, liquidity and cash flow, and may continue to do so in the future. The COVID-19 pandemic forced the cancellation of many of our events and the closure of substantially all of our attractions, hotels, and other operations. The substantial reduction in our operations will result in near-term losses and negative cash flow from operations. The full impact of the pandemic on our longer-term operational and financial performance is highly uncertain and will depend on future developments that we cannot predict, including the duration and spread of the pandemic, any future resurgence of COVID-19, and related social-distancing orders, travel restrictions, and/or government limitations on group gatherings. Our GES business depends on exhibitions, conferences, and other live events and the size of marketing expenditures relating to those events. The continuation of government orders prohibiting large group gatherings will continue to significantly and adversely affect our revenue and results of operations. Even if exhibitions or other live events do occur, we also could suffer from reduced spending for our services because many exhibitors’ marketing budgets are partly discretionary and are frequently among the first expenditures reduced when economic conditions deteriorate, and people may be unwilling to attend large group events. In addition, the attractions and hospitality operations within our Pursuit business may be subject to government closure orders designed to limit the spread of COVID-19, which adversely affects our profitability and cash flow. Future revenue from our Pursuit operations will depend on any further spread of the pandemic, our ability to keep our operations open, the willingness of people to travel to our locations, and the amount of disposable income that consumers have available for travel and vacations, which decreases during periods of weak general economic conditions. Both our GES and Pursuit businesses may also experience increased costs in order to supply our customers or guests with personal protection equipment, conduct comprehensive cleaning regiments, and other measures that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, guests, and/or event participants. As a result, any continuation or further deterioration in general economic conditions would materially and further adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Completed acquisitions may not perform as anticipated or be integrated as planned. We regularly evaluate and pursue opportunities to acquire businesses that complement, enhance, or expand our current business, or offer growth opportunities. Our acquired businesses might not meet our financial and non-financial expectations or yield anticipated benefits. Our success depends, in part, on our ability to conform controls, policies and procedures, and business cultures; consolidate and streamline operations and infrastructures; identify and eliminate redundant and underperforming operations and assets; manage inefficiencies associated with the integration of operations; and retain the acquired business’s key personnel and customers. Moreover, our acquisition activity may subject us to new regulatory requirements, distract our senior management and employees, and expose us to unknown liabilities or contingencies that we may fail to identify prior to closing. If we are forced to make changes to our business strategy or if external conditions adversely affect our business operations, including the duration and impact of COVID-19, we may be required to record additional future impairment charges, as we did in the first and second quarters of 2020. Additionally, we may borrow funds to finance strategic acquisitions. Debt leverage resulting from future acquisitions would reduce our debt capacity, increase our interest expense, and limit our ability to capitalize on future business opportunities. Such borrowings may also be subject to fluctuations in interest rates. Any of these risks could materially and adversely affect our business, product and service sales, financial condition, and results of operations.
We are vulnerable to deterioration in general economic conditions. Our business is sensitive to fluctuations in general economic conditions in the U.S. and other global markets in which we operate. The recent decline in global and regional economic conditions, and consumers’ fears that economic conditions will further decline, has caused declining consumer confidence, unemployment, fluctuations in stock markets and interest rates, contraction of credit availability, and other dynamic factors affecting economic conditions generally. The success of our GES business largely depends on the number of exhibitions held, the size of exhibitors’ marketing expenditures, and on the strength of particular industries in which exhibitors operate. The number and size of exhibitions generally decrease when the economy weakens, which our business has experienced due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We also could suffer from reduced spending for our services because many exhibitors’ marketing budgets are partly discretionary and are frequently among the first expenditures reduced when economic conditions deteriorate. In addition, revenue from our Pursuit operations depends largely on the amount of disposable income that consumers have available for travel and vacations, which decreases during periods of weak general economic conditions. As a result, any deterioration in general economic conditions could further materially and adversely affect our business, product sales, financial condition, and results of operations.
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We depend on our large exhibition event clients to renew their service contracts and on our exclusive right to provide those services. GES has a number of large exhibition event organizers and large customer accounts. If any of these large clients do not renew their service contracts, our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Moreover, when event organizers hire GES as the official services contractor, they usually also grant GES an exclusive right to perform material handling, electrical, rigging, and other services at the exhibition facility. However, some exhibition facilities have taken certain steps to in-source certain event services (either by performing the services themselves or by hiring a separate service provider) as a result of conditions generally affecting their industry, such as an increased supply of exhibition space. If exhibition facilities choose to in-source certain event services, GES will lose the ability to provide certain event services, and our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Our business is relationship driven. Our GES business is heavily focused on client relationships, and, specifically, on having close collaboration and interaction with our clients. To be successful, our account teams must be able to understand clients’ desires and expectations in order to provide top-quality service. If we are unable to maintain our client relationships, including due to the loss of key members of our account teams, we could also lose customers and our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
We operate in highly competitive and dynamic industries. Competition in the Live Events markets is driven by price and service quality, among other factors. To the extent competitors seek to gain or retain market presence through aggressive underpricing strategies, we may be required to lower our prices and rates to avoid the loss of related business. Moreover, customer consolidations and other actions have caused downward pricing pressure for our products and services and could affect our ability to negotiate favorable terms with our customers. If we are unable to anticipate and respond as effectively as our competitors to changing business conditions, including new technologies and business models, we could lose market share. Our inability to meet the challenges presented by the competitive and dynamic environment of our industry could materially and adversely affect our results of operations.
Travel industry disruptions, particularly those affecting the hotel and airline industries, could adversely affect our business. Our business depends largely on the ability and willingness of people, whether exhibitors, exhibition attendees, tourists, or others, to travel. Factors adversely affecting the travel industry, and particularly the airline and hotel industries, generally also adversely affect our business and results of operations. Factors that could adversely affect the travel industry include high or rising fuel prices, increased security and passport requirements, weather conditions, health epidemics and pandemics, airline accidents, acts of terrorism, and international political instability and hostilities. For example, the recent COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing orders resulted in severe global travel restrictions, mandatory shutdowns of show and event venues, hotels, attractions and other operations and limitations on large gatherings of people. These circumstances had severe effects on our businesses. The occurrence of additional disruptions, a prolonged recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic or a spike or resurgence in cases of COVID-19, or other unexpected events that affect the availability and pricing of air travel and accommodations, could further materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
New capital projects may not be commercially successful. From time to time, we pursue capital projects, such as our current construction of FlyOver Las Vegas, FlyOver Canada Toronto, the Sky Lagoon, and other efforts to upgrade some of our Pursuit offerings, in order to enhance and expand our business. Capital projects are subject to a number of risks, including unanticipated delays, cost overruns, and the failure to achieve established financial and strategic goals, as well as additional project-specific risks. A prolonged delay in these capital projects could prevent them from performing in accordance with our commercial expectations and could materially and adversely affect our future success, business, and results of operations.
The seasonality of our business makes us particularly sensitive to adverse events during peak periods. The peak activity for our Pursuit business is during the summer months, as 85% of Pursuit’s 2019 revenue was earned in the second and third quarters. Our GES exhibition and event activity varies significantly because it is based on the frequency and timing of shows, many of which are not held each year, and which may shift between quarters. If adverse events or conditions occur during these peak periods, our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Transportation disruptions and increases in transportation costs could adversely affect our business and results of operations. GES relies on independent transportation carriers to send materials and exhibits to and from exhibition, warehouse, and customer facilities. If our customers and suppliers are unable to secure the services of those independent transportation carriers at favorable rates, it could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations. In addition, disruption of transportation services due to weather-related problems, labor strikes, lockouts, or other events could adversely affect our ability to supply services to customers and could cause the cancellation of exhibitions, which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Natural disasters, weather conditions, and other catastrophic events could negatively affect our business. The occurrence of catastrophic events ranging from natural disasters (such as hurricanes, fires, floods, and earthquakes), acts of war or terrorism, accidents involving our travel offerings or experiences, the effects of climate change, including any impact of global warming, or the prospect of these events could disrupt our business. Changes in climates may increase the frequency and intensity of adverse weather
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patterns and make certain destinations less desirable. Such catastrophic events have, and could have, an adverse impact on Pursuit, which is heavily dependent on the ability and willingness of its guests to travel and/or visit our attractions. Pursuit guests tend to delay or postpone vacations if natural conditions differ from those that typically prevail at competing lodges, resorts, and attractions, and catastrophic events and heightened travel security measures instituted in response to such events could impede the guests’ ability to travel, and interrupt our business operations, including damaging our properties. Such catastrophic events could also have a negative impact on GES, causing a cancellation of exhibitions and other events held in public venues or disrupt the services we provide to our customers at convention centers, exhibition halls, hotels, and other public venues. Such events could also have a negative impact on GES’ production facilities, preventing us from timely completing exhibit fabrication and other projects for customers. In addition, unfavorable media attention, or negative publicity, in the wake of any catastrophic event or accident could damage our reputation or reduce the demand for our services. If the conditions arising from such events persist or worsen, they could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Our participation in multi-employer pension plans could substantially increase our pension costs. We sponsor a number of defined benefit plans for our U.S. and Canada-based employees. In addition, we are obligated to contribute to multi-employer pension plans under collective bargaining agreements covering our union-represented employees. We contributed $27.3 million in 2019, $26.4 million in 2018, and $26.6 million in 2017 to those multi-employer pension plans. Third-party boards of trustees manage these multi-employer plans. Based upon the information we receive from plan administrators; we believe that several of those multi-employer plans are underfunded. The Pension Protection Act of 2006 requires us to reduce the underfunded status over defined time periods. Moreover, we would be required to make additional payments of our proportionate share of a plan’s unfunded vested liabilities if a plan terminates, or other contributing employers withdraw, due to insolvency or other reasons, or if we voluntarily withdraw from a plan. In 2019, we finalized the terms of a new collective bargaining agreement with the Teamsters Local 727 union. The terms included a withdrawal from the underfunded Central States Pension Plan. Accordingly, we recorded a charge of $15.5 million, which represents the estimated present value of future contributions we will be required to make as a result of the union’s withdrawal and $0.2 million of other withdrawal costs. At this time, we do not anticipate triggering any withdrawal from any other multi-employer pension plan to which we currently contribute. However, significant plan contribution increases could materially and adversely affect our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. Refer to Note 18 – Pension and Postretirement Benefits of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Part II, Item 8 of the 2019 Form 10-K) for further information.
Union-represented labor increases our risk of higher labor costs and work stoppages. Significant portions of our employees are unionized. We have approximately 100 collective bargaining agreements, and we are required to renegotiate approximately one-third of those each year. If we increase wages or benefits as a result of labor negotiations, either our operating margins will suffer, or we could increase the cost of our services to our customers, which could lead those customers to turn to other vendors with lower prices. Either event could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Additionally, if we are unable to reach an agreement with a union during the collective bargaining process, the union may strike or carry out other types of work stoppages. If that happens, we might be unable to find substitute workers with the necessary skills to perform many of the services, or we may incur additional costs to do so, both of which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Liabilities relating to prior and discontinued operations may adversely affect our results of operations. We and our predecessors have a corporate history spanning decades and involving diverse businesses. Some of those businesses owned properties and used raw materials that have been, and may continue to be, subject to litigation. Moreover, some of the raw materials used and the waste produced by those businesses have been and are the subject of U.S. federal and state environmental regulations, including laws enacted under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, or its state law counterparts. In addition, we may incur other liabilities resulting from indemnification claims involving previously sold properties and subsidiaries, or obligations under defined benefit plans or other employee plans, as well as claims from past operations of predecessors or their subsidiaries. Although we believe we have adequate reserves and sufficient insurance coverage to cover those future liabilities, future events or proceedings could render our reserves or insurance protections inadequate, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Show rotation affects our profitability and makes comparisons between periods difficult. GES results are largely dependent upon the frequency, timing, and location of exhibitions and events. Some large exhibitions are not held annually (they may be held once every two, three, or four years) or may be held at different times of the year from when they were previously held. In addition, the same exhibition may change locations from year to year resulting in lower margins if the exhibition shifts to a higher-cost location. Any of these factors could cause our results of operations to fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter or from year to year, making periodic comparisons difficult.
We are subject to currency exchange rate fluctuations. We have operations outside of the U.S. primarily in Canada, the United Kingdom, Iceland, the Netherlands, and Germany. During 2019, GES EMEA, GES Canada, and Pursuit’s international operations accounted for approximately 33% of our consolidated revenue and 66% of our segment operating income. Consequently, a significant
50

portion of our business is exposed to currency exchange rate fluctuations. We do not currently hedge equity risk arising from the translation of non-U.S. denominated assets and liabilities. Our financial results and capital ratios are sensitive to movements in currency exchange rates because a large portion of our assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses must be translated into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes. The unrealized gains or losses resulting from the currency translation are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in our consolidated balance sheets. As a result, significant fluctuations in currency exchange rates could result in material changes to the net equity position we report in our consolidated balance sheets.
We are vulnerable to cybersecurity attacks and threats. We regularly collect and process credit, financial, and other personal and confidential information from individuals and entities who attend or participate in events and exhibitions that we produce, or who visit our attractions and other offerings. In addition, our devices, servers, computer systems, and business systems are vulnerable to cybersecurity risk, including cyberattacks, or we may be the target of email scams that attempt to acquire personal information and company assets. Despite our efforts to protect ourselves with insurance, and create security barriers to such threats, including regularly reviewing our systems for vulnerabilities and continually updating our protections, we might not be able to entirely mitigate these risks. Our failure to effectively prevent, detect, and recover from the increasing number and sophistication of information security threats could lead to business interruptions, delays or loss of critical data, misuse, modification, or destruction of information, including trade secrets and confidential business information, reputational damage, and third-party claims, any of which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations.
Laws and regulations relating to the handling of personal data are evolving and could result in increased costs, legal claims, or fines. We store and process the personally identifiable information of our customers, employees, and third parties with whom we have business relationships. The legal requirements restricting the way we store, collect, handle, and transfer personal data continue to evolve, and there are an increasing number of authorities issuing privacy laws and regulations. These data privacy laws and regulations are subject to differing interpretations, creating uncertainty and inconsistency across jurisdictions. Our compliance with these myriad requirements could involve making changes in our services, business practices, or internal systems, any of which could increase our costs, lower revenue, or reduce efficiency. Our failure to comply with existing or new rules could result in significant penalties or orders to stop the alleged noncompliant activity, litigation, adverse publicity, or could cause our customers to lose trust in our services. In addition, if the third parties we work with violate applicable laws, contractual obligations, or suffer a security breach, those violations could also put us in breach of our obligations under privacy laws and regulations. In addition, the costs of maintaining adequate protection, including insurance protection against such threats, as they develop in the future (or as legal requirements related to data security increase) are expected to increase and could be material. Any of these risks could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
The United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union could adversely affect our business. We operate substantial parts of our EU businesses from U.K.-based entities. On January 31, 2020, the U.K. officially withdrew from the EU. The final terms of the withdrawal are being negotiated with the transition period ending on December 31, 2020. The withdrawal could disrupt the free movement of goods, services, and people between the U.K. and the EU. Moreover, the regulatory and legal environment that will govern our U.K. operations is uncertain. Any new arrangements may require us to make changes to our operations in Europe, which could result in a higher cost and less efficient operating model across our European business. These new arrangements could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Changes affecting the availability of the London Inter-bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or increases in interest rates may have consequences for us that cannot yet be reasonably predicted. Viad has outstanding debt with variable interest rates based on LIBOR. Borrowings under the 2018 Credit Facility are indexed to the prime rate or LIBOR, plus appropriate spreads tied to our leverage ratio. The LIBOR benchmark has been the subject of national, international, and other regulatory guidance and proposals to reform. In July 2017, the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority (the authority that regulates LIBOR) announced that it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. These reforms may cause LIBOR to perform differently than in the past and LIBOR may ultimately cease to exist after 2021. Our 2018 Credit Facility includes a method for determining an alternative or successor rate of interest that gives consideration to the new prevailing market convention. The alternative rate could affect the Company's debt and debt payments. At this time, it is not possible to predict the effect of any changes to LIBOR, any phase out of LIBOR or any establishment of alternative benchmark rates. Any new benchmark rate will likely not replicate LIBOR exactly, which could impact our contracts which terminate after 2021. There is uncertainty about how applicable law, the courts or the Company will address the replacement of LIBOR with alternative rates. If LIBOR ceases to exist after 2021, the interest rates under our revolving credit facility and the discount rates we apply to finance lease obligations will be based on the alternative rate, which may result in higher interest rates and debt obligations. In addition, any increases to our benchmark interest rates could have an uncertain impact on our cost of funds and our access to the capital markets, which could impact our results of operations and cash flows. Uncertainty as to the nature of such potential changes may also adversely affect the trading market for our securities.
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Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table summarizes the total number of shares of our common stock that were repurchased during the three months ended June 30, 2020 pursuant to publicly announced plans or programs, as well as certain previously owned shares of common stock that were surrendered by employees, former employees, and non-employee directors for tax withholding requirements on vested share-based awards.
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
 
Period	 	Total Number of Shares Purchased	 	 	Average Price Paid
Per Share	 	 	Total Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans or Programs	 	 	Maximum Number of Shares
That May Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans or Programs	 	
April 1, 2020 - April 30, 2020	 	 	—	 	 	$	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	546,283	 	
May 1, 2020 - May 31, 2020	 	 	150	 	 	$	14.65	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	546,283	 	
June 1, 2020 - June 30, 2020	 	 	57	 	 	$	21.02	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	546,283	 	
Total	 	 	207	 	 	$	16.40	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	546,283	 	
Pursuant to previously announced authorizations, our Board of Directors has authorized us to repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time at prevailing market prices. Effective February 7, 2019, our Board of Directors approved an additional 500,000 shares to repurchase. During the six months ended June 30, 2020 we repurchased 53,784 shares on the open market for $2.8 million. The Board’s authorization has no expiration date. In March 2020, our Board of Directors suspended our share repurchase program for the foreseeable future.
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Item 6. EXHIBITS

 	 	 	 	 	 	Incorporated by Reference	
Exhibit
Number	 	 	 	Exhibit Description	 	Form	 	Period
Ending	 	Exhibit	 	Filing Date	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
4.1	 	 	 	Rights Agreement, dated as of March 30, 2020, between Viad Corp and Equiniti Trust Company, which includes the Form of Right Certificate as Exhibit A and the Summary of Rights to Purchase Preferred Stock as Exhibit B.	 	8-K	 	 	 	4.1	 	3/30/2020	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
4.2	 	 	 	Amendment No. 2 to $450 million Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated May 8, 2020.	 	8-K	 	 	 	4.A3	 	5/11/2020	

 
31.1	 	*	 	Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Viad Corp pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, for the period ended June 30, 2020.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	

 
31.2	 	*	 	Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Viad Corp pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, for the period ended June 30, 2020.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	

 
32.1	 	**	 	Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Viad Corp pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, for the period ended June 30, 2020.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
101.INS	 	***	 	XBRL Instance Document	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
101.SCH	 	****	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
101.CAL	 	****	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
101.LAB	 	****	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
101.PRE	 	****	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
101.DEF	 	****	 	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
104	 	***	 	Cover Page Interactive Data File	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 
*	Filed herewith.	
**	Furnished herewith.	
***	The XBRL Instance Document and Cover Page Interactive Data File do not appear in the Interactive Data File because their XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.	
****	Submitted electronically herewith.	

53

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 	 	 	VIAD CORP	
 	 	 	(Registrant)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
August 7, 2020	 	 	By:	 	/s/ Leslie S. Striedel	
(Date)	 	 	 	 	Leslie S. Striedel	
 	 	 	 	 	Chief Accounting Officer (Duly Authorized Officer)	

 
54

Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION
I, Steven W. Moster, certify that:
1.    I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Viad Corp;
2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)    Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)    Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)    Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)    Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)    All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)    Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date: August 7, 2020	 	By: /s/ Steven W. Moster	
 	 	Steven W. Moster	
 	 	President and Chief Executive Officer	

Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION
I, Ellen M. Ingersoll, certify that:
1.    I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Viad Corp;
2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)    Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)    Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)    Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)    Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)    All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)    Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date: August 7, 2020	 	By: /s/ Ellen M. Ingersoll	
 	 	Ellen M. Ingersoll	
 	 	Chief Financial Officer	

Exhibit 32.1
Certifications of
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
Pursuant To 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant To Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, Steven W. Moster, Chief Executive Officer of Viad Corp, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that Viad Corp’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended June 30, 2020, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the information contained in Viad Corp’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, Viad Corp’s financial condition and results of operations.

 	 	 	 	 	
Date:  August 7, 2020 	By: /s/ Steven W. Moster	
 	Steven W. Moster	
 	President and Chief Executive Officer	
 
I, Ellen M. Ingersoll, Chief Financial Officer of Viad Corp, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that Viad Corp’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended June 30, 2020, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the information contained in Viad Corp’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, Viad Corp’s financial condition and results of operations.

 	 	 	 	 	
Date:  August 7, 2020 	By: /s/ Ellen M. Ingersoll	
 	Ellen M. Ingersoll	
 	Chief Financial Officer