Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)
☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	

For the quarterly period ended June 29, 2019

OR

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	

For the transition period from ______ to ______.

Commission File Number 1-5480

Textron Inc .
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	    	05-0315468	
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)	
			
40 Westminster Street , Providence , RI		02903	
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip code)	

( 401 ) 421-2800
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol (s)	Name of each exchange on which registered	
Common stock, $0.125 par value	TXT	New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE )	

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes   ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes ☑   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):

Large accelerated filer   	☑	Accelerated filer  	☐	Non-accelerated filer	☐	
Smaller reporting company  	☐			Emerging growth company  	☐	

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes   ☐   No  ☑

As of  July 12, 2019, there were 230,123,580 shares of common stock outstanding .

Table of Contents
TEXTRON INC.
Index to Form 10-Q
For the Quarterly Period Ended June 29, 2019

		Page	
			
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION		
			
Item 1.	Financial Statements		
			
	Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)	3	
			
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)	4	
			
	Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)	5	
			
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)	6	
			
	Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)		
			
	Note 1.      Basis of Presentation	8	
	Note 2.      Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Update	8	
	Note 3.      Accounts Receivable and Finance Receivables	9	
	Note 4.      Inventories	10	
	Note 5.      Other Assets	11	
	Note 6.      Warranty Liability	11	
	Note 7.      Leases	11	
	Note 8.      Debt	12	
	Note 9.      Derivative Instruments and Fair Value Measurements	12	
	Note 10.    Shareholders’ Equity	14	
	Note 11.    Segment Information	16	
	Note 12.    Revenues	16	
	Note 13.    Retirement Plans	18	
	Note 14.    Income Taxes	18	
	Note 15.    Commitments and Contingencies	18	
			
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19	
			
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	29	
			
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	29	
			
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION		
			
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	29	
			
Item 6.	Exhibits	29	
			
	Signatures	30	

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

TEXTRON INC.
Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)

									
	Three Months Ended	Six Months Ended	
	June 29,	June 30,	June 29,	June 30,	
(In millions, except per share amounts)	2019	2018	2019	2018	
Revenues									
Manufacturing revenues	  $	3,211	  $	3,709	  $	6,303	  $	6,989	
Finance revenues	 	16	 	17	 	33	 	33	
Total revenues	 	3,227	 	3,726	 	6,336	 	7,022	
Costs, expenses and other									
Cost of sales	 	2,641	 	3,073	 	5,218	 	5,802	
Selling and administrative expense	 	292	 	370	 	599	 	697	
Interest expense	 	43	 	42	 	85	 	83	
Non-service components of pension and post-retirement income, net		(28)		(19)		(57)		(38)	
Total costs, expenses and other	 	2,948	 	3,466	 	5,845	 	6,544	
Income before income taxes	 	279	 	260	 	491	 	478	
Income tax expense	 	62	 	36	 	95	 	65	
Net income	  $	217	  $	224	  $	396	  $	413	
Earnings per share									
Basic	  $	0.94	  $	0.88	  $	1.70	  $	1.61	
Diluted	  $	0.93	  $	0.87	  $	1.69	  $	1.59	

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements .

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TEXTRON INC.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

									
	Three Months Ended	Six Months Ended	
	June 29,	June 30,	June 29,	June 30,	
(In millions)	2019	2018	2019	2018	
Net income	  $	217	  $	224	  $	396	  $	413	
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes:									
Pension and postretirement benefits adjustments, net of reclassifications	 	20	 	31		41		62	
Foreign currency translation adjustments	 	1	 	(69)		4		(27)	
Deferred gains (losses) on hedge contracts, net of reclassifications	 	—	 	(4)		2		(3)	
Other comprehensive income (loss)	 	21	 	(42)		47		32	
Comprehensive income	 $	238	  $	182	  $	443	  $	445	

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements .

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TEXTRON INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

					
	June 29,	December 29,	
(Dollars in millions)	2019	2018	
Assets					
Manufacturing group					
Cash and equivalents	  $	775	  $	987	
Accounts receivable, net		989	 	1,024	
Inventories		4,311	 	3,818	
Other current assets		839	 	785	
Total current assets		6,914	 	6,614	
Property, plant and equipment, less accumulated depreciation
    and amortization of $4,317 and $4,203, respectively		2,517	 	2,615	
Goodwill		2,147	 	2,218	
Other assets		2,255	 	1,800	
Total Manufacturing group assets		13,833	 	13,247	
Finance group					
Cash and equivalents		82	 	120	
Finance receivables, net		776	 	760	
Other assets		105	 	137	
Total Finance group assets		963	 	1,017	
Total assets	  $	14,796	  $	14,264	
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity					
Liabilities					
Manufacturing group					
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	  $	457	  $	258	
Accounts payable		1,231	 	1,099	
Other current liabilities		1,891	 	2,149	
Total current liabilities		3,579	 	3,506	
Other liabilities		2,157	 	1,932	
Long-term debt		2,910	 	2,808	
Total Manufacturing group liabilities		8,646	 	8,246	
Finance group					
Other liabilities		111	 	108	
Debt		703	 	718	
Total Finance group liabilities		814	 	826	
Total liabilities		9,460	 	9,072	
Shareholders’ equity					
Common stock		30	 	30	
Capital surplus		1,717	 	1,646	
Treasury stock		(490)	 	(129)	
Retained earnings		5,794	 	5,407	
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,715)	 	(1,762)	
Total shareholders’ equity		5,336	 	5,192	
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	  $	14,796	  $	14,264	
Common shares outstanding (in thousands)		230,058	 	235,621	

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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TEXTRON INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
For the Six Months Ended June 29, 2019 and June 30, 2018, respectively 

					
	Consolidated	
(In millions)	2019	2018	
Cash flows from operating activities					
Net income	  $	396	  $	413	
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:					
Non-cash items:					
Depreciation and amortization		202	 	216	
Deferred income taxes		32	 	12	
Other, net		40	 	61	
Changes in assets and liabilities:					
Accounts receivable, net		36	 	(42)	
Inventories		(505)	 	(78)	
Other assets		(19)	 	(38)	
Accounts payable		132	 	(22)	
Other liabilities		(338)	 	(165)	
Income taxes, net		14	 	17	
Pension, net		(29)		(5)	
Captive finance receivables, net		(19)	 	26	
Other operating activities, net		(2)	 	3	
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities of continuing operations		(60)		398	
Net cash used in operating activities of discontinued operations		(1)	 	(1)	
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		(61)		397	
Cash flows from investing activities					
Capital expenditures		(135)	 	(159)	
Net proceeds from corporate-owned life insurance policies		4		98	
Finance receivables repaid		20	 	25	
Other investing activities, net		7	 	30	
Net cash used in investing activities		(104)	 	(6)	
Cash flows from financing activities					
Proceeds from long-term debt		297		—	
Principal payments on long-term debt and nonrecourse debt		(35)		(34)	
Purchases of Textron common stock		(361)	 	(915)	
Dividends paid		(9)	 	(10)	
Other financing activities, net		19	 	43	
Net cash used in financing activities		(89)	 	(916)	
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and equivalents		4	 	(6)	
Net decrease in cash and equivalents		(250)	 	(531)	
Cash and equivalents at beginning of period		1,107	 	1,262	
Cash and equivalents at end of period	  $	857	  $	731	

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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TEXTRON INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) (Continued)
For the Six Months Ended June 29, 2019 and June 30, 2018, respectively 

									
	Manufacturing Group	Finance Group	
(In millions)	2019	2018	2019	2018	
Cash flows from operating activities									
Net income	  $	387	  $	398	  $	9	  $	15	
Adjustments to reconcile net to net cash provided by (used in)
operating activities:									
Non-cash items:									
Depreciation and amortization		199	 	212		3	 	4	
Deferred income taxes		33	 	14		(1)	 	(2)	
Other, net		39	 	60		1	 	1	
Changes in assets and liabilities:									
Accounts receivable, net		36	 	(42)		—	 	—	
Inventories		(532)	 	(80)		—	 	—	
Other assets		(17)	 	(39)		(2)	 	1	
Accounts payable		132	 	(22)		—	 	—	
Other liabilities		(339)	 	(162)		1	 	(3)	
Income taxes, net		10	 	28		4	 	(11)	
Pension, net		(29)		(5)		—		—	
Dividends received from Finance group		50		50		—		—	
Other operating activities, net		(2)	 	3		—	 	—	
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities of continuing operations		(33)	 	415		15	 	5	
Net cash used in operating activities of discontinued operations		(1)		(1)		—		—	
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		(34)		414		15		5	
Cash flows from investing activities									
Capital expenditures		(135)	 	(159)		—	 	—	
Net proceeds from corporate-owned life insurance policies		4		98		—		—	
Finance receivables repaid		—	 	—		91	 	112	
Finance receivables originated		—	 	—		(90)	 	(61)	
Other investing activities, net		4	 	10		30	 	22	
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(127)	 	(51)		31	 	73	
Cash flows from financing activities									
Proceeds from long-term debt		297	 	—		—	 	—	
Principal payments on long-term debt and nonrecourse debt		(1)		—		(34)		(34)	
Purchases of Textron common stock		(361)	 	(915)		—	 	—	
Dividends paid		(9)	 	(10)		(50)	 	(50)	
Other financing activities, net		19	 	43		—	 	—	
Net cash used in financing activities		(55)	 	(882)		(84)	 	(84)	
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and equivalents		4	 	(6)		—	 	—	
Net decrease in cash and equivalents		(212)	 	(525)		(38)	 	(6)	
Cash and equivalents at beginning of period		987	 	1,079		120	 	183	
Cash and equivalents at end of period	  $	775	  $	554	  $	82	  $	177	

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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TEXTRON INC.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1.  Basis of Presentation

Our Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Textron Inc. (Textron) and its majority-owned subsidiaries.  We have prepared these unaudited consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. for interim financial information.  Accordingly, these interim financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. for complete financial statements.  The consolidated interim financial statements included in this quarterly report should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 29, 2018.  In the opinion of management, the interim financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that are necessary for the fair presentation of our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

Our financings are conducted through two separate borrowing groups.  The Manufacturing group consists of Textron consolidated with its majority-owned subsidiaries that operate in the Textron Aviation, Bell, Textron Systems and Industrial segments. The Finance group, which also is the Finance segment, consists of Textron Financial Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. We designed this framework to enhance our borrowing power by separating the Finance group. Our Manufacturing group operations include the development, production and delivery of tangible goods and services, while our Finance group provides financial services. Due to the fundamental differences between each borrowing group’s activities, investors, rating agencies and analysts use different measures to evaluate each group’s performance.  To support those evaluations, we present balance sheet and cash flow information for each borrowing group within the Consolidated Financial Statements.  All significant intercompany transactions are eliminated from the Consolidated Financial Statements, including retail financing activities for inventory sold by our Manufacturing group and financed by our Finance group.

Use of Estimates
We prepare our financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, which require us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.  Our estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically, and the effects of changes, if any, are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the period that they are determined.

Contract Estimates
For contracts where revenue is recognized over time, we recognize changes in estimated contract revenues, costs and profits using the cumulative catch-up method of accounting.  This method recognizes the cumulative effect of changes on current and prior periods with the impact of the change from inception-to-date recorded in the current period.  Anticipated losses on contracts are recognized in full in the period in which the losses become probable and estimable.  

In the second quarter of 2019 and 2018, our cumulative catch-up adjustments increased revenue and segment profit by $27 million and $64 million, respectively, and net income by $21 million and $49 million, respectively ($0.09 and $0.19 per diluted share, respectively). In the second quarter of 2019 and 2018, gross favorable adjustments totaled $46 million and $70 million, respectively, and the gross unfavorable adjustments totaled $19 million and $6 million, respectively.

In the first half of 2019 and 2018, our cumulative catch-up adjustments increased revenue and segment profit by $58 million and $104 million, respectively, and net income by $44 million and $79 million, respectively ($0.19 and $0.30 per diluted share, respectively).  In the first half of 2019 and 2018, gross favorable adjustments totaled $99 million and $126 million, respectively, and the gross unfavorable adjustments totaled $41 million and $22 million, respectively.

Note 2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Update  

At the beginning of 2019, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, Leases (ASC 842), which requires lessees to recognize all leases with a term greater than 12 months on the balance sheet as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities . Upon adoption, the most significant impact was the recognition of $307 million in right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases, while our accounting for finance leases remained unchanged.  We applied the provisions of this standard to our existing leases at the adoption date using a retrospective transition method and have not adjusted comparative periods. The cumulative transition adjustment to retained earnings was not significant and the adoption had no impact on our earnings or cash flows.  We elected the practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which allowed us to carryforward the historical lease classification and to apply hindsight when evaluating options within a contract, resulting in the extension of the lease term for certain of our existing leases.

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Our significant accounting policies are included in Note 1 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 29, 2018.  Significant changes to our policies resulting from the adoption of ASC 842 are provided below.

Leases
We identify leases by evaluating our contracts to determine if the contract conveys the right to use an identified asset for a stated period of time in exchange for consideration. Specifically, we consider whether we can control the underlying asset and have the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits or outputs from the asset.  For our contracts that contain both lease components  (e.g., fixed payments including rent, real estate taxes and insurance costs) and non-lease components (e.g., common-area maintenance costs, other goods/services), we allocate the consideration in the contract to each component based on its standalone price.  Leases with terms greater than 12 months are classified as either operating or finance leases at the commencement date.  For these leases, we capitalize the lesser of a) the present value of the minimum lease payments over the lease term, or b) the fair value of the asset, as a right-of-use asset with an offsetting lease liability. The discount rate used to calculate the present value of the minimum lease payments is typically our incremental borrowing rate, as the rate implicit in the lease is generally not known or determinable. The lease term includes any noncancelable period for which we have the right to use the asset and may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise the option.  Operating leases are recognized as a single lease cost on a straight-line basis over the lease term, while finance lease cost is recognized separately as amortization and interest expense.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses. For most financial assets, such as trade and other receivables, loans and other instruments, this standard changes the current incurred loss model to a forward-looking expected credit loss model, which generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses.  The new standard is effective for our company at the beginning of 2020.  Entities are required to apply the provisions of the standard through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date.  We are currently evaluating the impact of the standard on our consolidated financial statements.

Note 3.  Accounts Receivable and Finance Receivables

Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable is composed of the following:

					
	June 29,	December 29,	
(In millions)	2019	2018	
Commercial	  $	874	  $	885	
U.S. Government contracts		142	 	166	
		1,016	 	1,051	
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(27)	 	(27)	
Total accounts receivable, net	  $	989	  $	1,024	

Finance Receivables
Finance receivables are presented in the following table:

					
	June 29,	December 29,	
(In millions)	2019	2018	
Finance receivables	  $	802	  $	789	
Allowance for losses		(26)	 	(29)	
Total finance receivables, net	  $	776	  $	760	

Finance Receivable Portfolio Quality
We internally assess the quality of our finance receivables based on a number of key credit quality indicators and statistics such as delinquency, loan balance to estimated collateral value and the financial strength of individual borrowers and guarantors.  Because many of these indicators are difficult to apply across an entire class of receivables, we evaluate individual loans on a quarterly basis and classify these loans into three categories based on the key credit quality indicators for the individual loan. These three categories are performing, watchlist and nonaccrual.

We classify finance receivables as nonaccrual if credit quality indicators suggest full collection of principal and interest is doubtful.  In addition, we automatically classify accounts as nonaccrual once they are contractually delinquent by more than three months unless collection of principal and interest is not doubtful. Accounts are classified as watchlist when credit quality indicators have deteriorated as compared with typical underwriting criteria, and we believe collection of full principal and interest is probable but not certain.  All other finance receivables that do not meet the watchlist or nonaccrual categories are classified as performing.

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We measure delinquency based on the contractual payment terms of our finance receivables.  In determining the delinquency aging category of an account, any/all principal and interest received is applied to the most past-due principal and/or interest amounts due.  If a significant portion of the contractually due payment is delinquent, the entire finance receivable balance is reported in accordance with the most past-due delinquency aging category.

Finance receivables categorized based on the credit quality indicators and by the delinquency aging category are summarized as follows:

							
	June 29,	December 29,	
(Dollars in millions)	2019	2018	
Performing	  $	732	  $	704	
Watchlist		39	 	45	
Nonaccrual		31	 	40	
Nonaccrual as a percentage of finance receivables		3.87	%		5.07	%	
Less than 31 days past due	  $	726	  $	719	
31-60 days past due		64		56	
61-90 days past due		3		5	
Over 90 days past due		9		9	
60+ days contractual delinquency as a percentage of finance receivables		1.50	%		1.77	%	

On a quarterly basis, we evaluate individual larger balance accounts for impairment. A finance receivable is considered impaired when it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement based on our review of the credit quality indicators described above. Impaired finance receivables include both nonaccrual accounts and accounts for which full collection of principal and interest remains probable, but the account’s original terms have been, or are expected to be, significantly modified. If the modification specifies an interest rate equal to or greater than a market rate for a finance receivable with comparable risk, the account is not considered impaired in years subsequent to the modification.

A summary of finance receivables and the allowance for losses, based on the results of our impairment evaluation, is provided below. The finance receivables included in this table specifically exclude leveraged leases in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.  

					
	June 29,	December 29,	
(In millions)	2019	2018	
Finance receivables evaluated collectively	  $	669	  $	630	
Finance receivables evaluated individually	 	31	 	58	
Allowance for losses based on collective evaluation		24		24	
Allowance for losses based on individual evaluation	 	2	 	5	
Impaired finance receivables with no related allowance for losses	  $	23	  $	43	
Impaired finance receivables with related allowance for losses		8		15	
Unpaid principal balance of impaired finance receivables		41		67	
Average recorded investment of impaired finance receivables		40		61	

Note 4. Inventories

Inventories are composed of the following:

					
	June 29,	December 29,	
(In millions)	2019	2018	
Finished goods	  $	1,743	  $	1,662	
Work in process		1,771	 	1,356	
Raw materials and components		797	 	800	
Total inventories	  $	4,311	  $	3,818	

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Note 5. Other Assets

On April 1, 2019, TRU Simulation + Training Inc., a business within our Textron Systems segment, contributed assets associated with its training business into FlightSafety Textron Aviation Training LLC, a company formed by FlightSafety International Inc. and TRU to provide training solutions for Textron Aviation’s commercial business and general aviation aircraft. We have a 30% interest in this newly formed company and our investment is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. We contributed assets with a carrying value of $69 million to the company, which primarily included property, plant and equipment. In addition, $71 million of the Textron Systems segment's goodwill was allocated to this transaction. In the second quarter of 2019, based on the fair value of our share of the business, we recorded a pre-tax net gain of $18 million, subject to post-closing adjustments, to cost of sales in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Note 6. Warranty Liability

Changes in our warranty liability are as follows:

	Six Months Ended	
	June 29,	June 30,	
(In millions)	2019	2018	
Beginning of period	  $	149	  $	164	
Provision	 	30	 	34	
Settlements	 	(38)	 	(39)	
Adjustments*	 	(5)	 	7	
End of period	  $	136	  $	166	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
* Adjustments include changes to prior year estimates, new issues on prior year sales, business dispositions, acquisitions and currency translation adjustments.

Note 7. Leases

We primarily lease certain manufacturing plants, offices, warehouses, training and service centers at various locations worldwide that are classified as either operating or finance leases. Our leases have remaining lease terms up to 30 years, which include options to extend the lease term for periods up to 25 years when it is reasonably certain the option will be exercised. In the second quarter and first half of 2019, our operating lease cost totaled $16 million and $32 million, respectively. Our finance lease cost and our variable and short-term lease costs were not significant. In the first half of 2019, cash paid for operating lease liabilities totaled $32 million, which is classified in cash flows from operating activities.  Balance sheet and other information related to our leases is as follows:

				
	June 29,	
(Dollars in millions)	2019	
Operating leases:		  		
Other assets	  $	298	
Other current liabilities	 	53	
Other liabilities	 	247	
Finance leases:	 	  		
Property, plant and equipment, less accumulated amortization of $51 million	  $	116	
Short-term and current portion of long-term debt	 	6	
Long-term debt	 	77	
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)	 	  		
Finance leases	 	14.1	
Operating leases	 	10.3	
Weighted-average discount rate	 	  		
Finance leases	 	2.73	%	
Operating leases	 	4.46	%	

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Maturities of our lease liabilities at June 29, 2019 are as follows:

					
	Operating	Finance	
(In millions)	Leases	Leases	
2019	  $	34	  $	5	
2020	 	57	 	9	
2021	 	43	 	9	
2022	 	37	 	9	
2023	 	31	 	9	
Thereafter	 	179	 	69	
Total lease payments	 	381	 	110	
Less: interest	 	(81)	 	(27)	
Total lease liabilities	  $	300	  $	83	

Note 8. Debt

Under our shelf registration statement, on May 7, 2019, we issued $300 million of fixed-rate notes due September 17, 2029 with an annual interest rate of 3.90%. The net proceeds of the issuance totaled $297 million, after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses.

On June 24, 2019, the Finance Group's $150 million fixed-rate loan due August 16, 2019 was amended. The maturity date of this loan was extended to June 23, 2022 and the annual interest rate was modified from 2.26% to 2.88%.

Note 9. Derivative Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

We measure fair value at the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.  We prioritize the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability into a three-tier fair value hierarchy.  This fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority (Level 1) to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority (Level 3) to unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exist, requiring companies to develop their own assumptions.  Observable inputs that do not meet the criteria of Level 1, which include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets or quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, are categorized as Level 2.  Level 3 inputs are those that reflect our estimates about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances.  Valuation techniques for assets and liabilities measured using Level 3 inputs may include methodologies such as the market approach, the income approach or the cost approach and may use unobservable inputs such as projections, estimates and management’s interpretation of current market data.  These unobservable inputs are utilized only to the extent that observable inputs are not available or cost effective to obtain.

Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
We manufacture and sell our products in a number of countries throughout the world, and, therefore, we are exposed to movements in foreign currency exchange rates.  We primarily utilize foreign currency exchange contracts with maturities of no more than three years to manage this volatility.  These contracts qualify as cash flow hedges and are intended to offset the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on forecasted sales, inventory purchases and overhead expenses. Net gains and losses recognized in earnings and Accumulated other comprehensive loss on cash flow hedges, including gains and losses related to hedge ineffectiveness, were not significant in the periods presented.

Our foreign currency exchange contracts are measured at fair value using the market method valuation technique.  The inputs to this technique utilize current foreign currency exchange forward market rates published by third-party leading financial news and data providers.  These are observable data that represent the rates that the financial institution uses for contracts entered into at that date; however, they are not based on actual transactions so they are classified as Level 2.  At June 29, 2019 and December 29, 2018, we had foreign currency exchange contracts with notional amounts upon which the contracts were based of $395 million and $379 million, respectively.  At June 29, 2019, the fair value amounts of our foreign currency exchange contracts were a $2 million asset and a $3 million liability.  At December 29, 2018, the fair value amounts of our foreign currency exchange contracts were a $2 million asset and a $10 million liability.

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We hedge our net investment position in certain major currencies and generate foreign currency interest payments that offset other transactional exposures in these currencies. To accomplish this, we borrow directly in the foreign currency and designate a portion of the debt as a hedge of the net investment. We record changes in the fair value of these contracts in other comprehensive income to the extent they are effective as cash flow hedges.  Currency effects on the effective portion of these hedges, which are reflected in the foreign currency translation adjustments within Accumulated other comprehensive loss, were not significant in the periods presented.

Assets and Liabilities Not Recorded at Fair Value
The carrying value and estimated fair value of our financial instruments that are not reflected in the financial statements at fair value are as follows:

									
	June 29, 2019	December 29, 2018	
	Carrying	Estimated	Carrying	Estimated	
(In millions)	Value	Fair Value	Value	Fair Value	
Manufacturing group									
Debt, excluding leases	  $	(3,301)	  $	(3,414)	  $	(2,996)	  $	(2,971)	
Finance group									
Finance receivables, excluding leases	 	589	 	615	 	582	 	584	
Debt	 	(703)	 	(640)	 	(718)	 	(640)	

Fair value for the Manufacturing group debt is determined using market observable data for similar transactions (Level 2).  The fair value for the Finance group debt was determined primarily based on discounted cash flow analyses using observable market inputs from debt with similar duration, subordination and credit default expectations (Level 2). Fair value estimates for finance receivables were determined based on internally developed discounted cash flow models primarily utilizing significant unobservable inputs (Level 3), which include estimates of the rate of return, financing cost, capital structure and/or discount rate expectations of current market participants combined with estimated loan cash flows based on credit losses, payment rates and expectations of borrowers’ ability to make payments on a timely basis.

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Note 10. Shareholders’ Equity

A reconciliation of Shareholders’ equity is presented below:

									Accumulated			
									Other	Total	
	Common	Capital	Treasury	Retained	Comprehensive	Shareholders’	
(In millions)	Stock	Surplus	Stock	Earnings	Loss	Equity	
Three months ended June 29, 2019													
Beginning of period	  $	30	  $	1,689	  $	(331)	  $	5,581	  $	(1,736)	  $	5,233	
Net income		—		—		—		217		—		217	
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—		—		21		21	
Share-based compensation activity		—		28		—		—		—		28	
Dividends declared		—		—		—		(4)		—		(4)	
Purchases of common stock		—		—		(159)		—		—		(159)	
End of period	  $	30	  $	1,717	  $	(490)	  $	5,794	  $	(1,715)	  $	5,336	
Three months ended June 30, 2018													
Beginning of period	  $	33	  $	1,710	  $	(392)	  $	5,642	  $	(1,301)	  $	5,692	
Net income	 	—	 	—	 	—	 	224	 	—	 	224	
Other comprehensive (loss)	 	—	 	—	 	—	 	—	 	(42)	 	(42)	
Share-based compensation activity	 	—	 	64	 	—	 	—	 	—	 	64	
Dividends declared	 	—	 	—	 	—	 	(5)	 	—	 	(5)	
Purchases of common stock	 	—	 	—	 	(571)	 	—	 	—	 	(571)	
End of period	  $	33	  $	1,774	  $	(963)	  $	5,861	  $	(1,343)	  $	5,362	
Six months ended June 29, 2019													
Beginning of period	  $	30	  $	1,646	  $	(129)	  $	5,407	  $	(1,762)	  $	5,192	
Net income		—		—		—		396		—		396	
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—		—		47		47	
Share-based compensation activity		—		71		—		—		—		71	
Dividends declared		—		—		—		(9)		—		(9)	
Purchases of common stock		—		—		(361)		—		—		(361)	
End of period	  $	30	  $	1,717	  $	(490)	  $	5,794	  $	(1,715)	  $	5,336	
Six months ended June 30, 2018													
Beginning of period	  $	33	  $	1,669	  $	(48)	  $	5,368	  $	(1,375)	  $	5,647	
Adoption of ASC 606	 	—	 	—	 	—	 	90	 	—	 	90	
Net income	 	—	 	—	 	—	 	413	 	—	 	413	
Other comprehensive income	 	—	 	—	 	—	 	—	 	32	 	32	
Share-based compensation activity	 	—	 	105	 	—	 	—	 	—	 	105	
Dividends declared	 	—	 	—	 	—	 	(10)	 	—	 	(10)	
Purchases of common stock	 	—	 	—	 	(915)	 	—	 	—	 	(915)	
End of period	  $	33	  $	1,774	  $	(963)	  $	5,861	  $	(1,343)	  $	5,362	

Dividends per share of common stock were $0.02 for both the second quarter of 2019 and 2018 and $0.04 for both the first half of 2019 and 2018.

Earnings Per Share
We calculate basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) based on net income, which approximates income available to common shareholders for each period.  Basic EPS is calculated using the two-class method, which includes the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period and restricted stock units to be paid in stock that are deemed participating securities as they provide nonforfeitable rights to dividends. Diluted EPS considers the dilutive effect of all potential future common stock, including stock options.  

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The weighted-average shares outstanding for basic and diluted EPS are as follows:

	Three Months Ended	Six Months Ended	
	June 29,	June 30,	June 29,	June 30,	
(In thousands)	2019	2018	2019	2018	
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding	232,013	253,904	233,426	257,200	
Dilutive effect of stock options	1,532	3,273	1,567	3,262	
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding	233,545	257,177	234,993	260,462	

Stock options to purchase 3.1 million shares of common stock were excluded from the calculation of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding for both the second quarter and first half of 2019, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. Stock options to purchase 1.3 million shares of common stock were excluded from the calculation of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding for both the second quarter and first half of 2018, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss and Other Comprehensive Income
The components of Accumulated other comprehensive loss are presented below:

	Pension and	Foreign	Deferred	Accumulated	
	Postretirement	Currency	Gains (Losses)	Other	
	Benefits	Translation	on Hedge	Comprehensive	
(In millions)	Adjustments	Adjustments	Contracts	Loss	
Balance at December 29, 2018	  $	(1,727)	  $	(32)	  $	(3)	  $	(1,762)	
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications		—		4		4		8	
Reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss		41		—		(2)		39	
Balance at June 29, 2019	  $	(1,686)	  $	(28)	  $	(1)	  $	(1,715)	
Balance at December 30, 2017	  $	(1,396)	  $	11	  $	10	  $	(1,375)	
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	 	—	 	(27)	 	(2)	 	(29)	
Reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss	 	62	 	—	 	(1)	 	61	
Balance at June 30, 2018	  $	(1,334)	  $	(16)	  $	7	  $	(1,343)	

The before and after-tax components of Other comprehensive income (loss) are presented below:

	June 29, 2019	June 30, 2018	
			Tax				Tax		
	Pre-Tax	(Expense)	After-Tax	Pre-Tax	(Expense)	After-Tax	
(In millions)	Amount	Benefit	Amount	Amount	Benefit	Amount	
Three Months Ended													
Pension and postretirement benefits adjustments:													
Amortization of net actuarial loss*	  $	24	  $	(6)	  $	18	  $	39	  $	(9)	  $	30	
Amortization of prior service cost*	 	3	 	(1)	 	2		2		(1)		1	
Pension and postretirement benefits adjustments, net	 	27	 	(7)	 	20		41		(10)		31	
Deferred gains (losses) on hedge contracts:													
Current deferrals	 	2	 	(1)	 	1		(4)		1		(3)	
Reclassification adjustments	 	(1)	 	—	 	(1)		(1)		—		(1)	
Deferred gains (losses) on hedge contracts, net		1		(1)		—		(5)		1		(4)	
Foreign currency translation adjustments		3		(2)		1		(66)		(3)		(69)	
Total	  $	31	  $	(10)	  $	21	  $	(30)	  $	(12)	  $	(42)	
Six Months Ended													
Pension and postretirement benefits adjustments:													
Amortization of net actuarial loss*	  $	49	  $	(11)	  $	38	  $	77	  $	(18)	  $	59	
Amortization of prior service cost*	 	4	 	(1)	 	3		4		(1)		3	
Pension and postretirement benefits adjustments, net	 	53	 	(12)	 	41		81		(19)		62	
Deferred gains (losses) on hedge contracts:													
Current deferrals	 	6	 	(2)	 	4		(2)		—		(2)	
Reclassification adjustments	 	(2)	 	—	 	(2)		(1)		—		(1)	
Deferred gains (losses) on hedge contracts, net	 	4	 	(2)	 	2		(3)		—		(3)	
Foreign currency translation adjustments	 	4	 	—	 	4		(26)		(1)		(27)	
Total	  $	61	  $	(14)	  $	47	  $	52	  $	(20)	  $	32	
*These components of other comprehensive income are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost.  See Note 14 of our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

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Note 11. Segment Information

We operate in, and report financial information for, the following five business segments: Textron Aviation, Bell, Textron Systems, Industrial and Finance. On July 2, 2018, we sold our Tools and Test Equipment businesses that were previously included in the Industrial segment as discussed in Note 2 of our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Segment profit is an important measure used for evaluating performance and for decision-making purposes. Segment profit for the manufacturing segments excludes interest expense, certain corporate expenses, gains/losses on major business dispositions and special charges. The measurement for the Finance segment includes interest income and expense along with intercompany interest income and expense.

Our revenues by segment, along with a reconciliation of segment profit to income before income taxes, are included in the table below:

									
	Three Months Ended	Six Months Ended	
	June 29,	June 30,	June 29,	June 30,	
(In millions)	2019	2018	2019	2018	
Revenues									
Textron Aviation	  $	1,123	  $	1,276	  $	2,257	  $	2,286	
Bell		771	 	831		1,510		1,583	
Textron Systems		308	 	380		615		767	
Industrial		1,009	 	1,222		1,921		2,353	
Finance		16	 	17		33		33	
Total revenues	  $	3,227	  $	3,726	  $	6,336	  $	7,022	
Segment Profit									
Textron Aviation	  $	105	  $	104	  $	211	  $	176	
Bell		103	 	117		207		204	
Textron Systems		49	 	40		77		90	
Industrial		76	 	80		126		144	
Finance		6	 	5		12		11	
Segment profit		339	 	346		633		625	
Corporate expenses and other, net		(24)	 	(51)	 	(71)		(78)	
Interest expense, net for Manufacturing group	 	(36)	 	(35)	 	(71)		(69)	
Income before income taxes	  $	279	  $	260	  $	491	  $	478	

Note 12. Revenues

Disaggregation of Revenues
Our revenues disaggregated by major product type are presented below:

									
	Three Months   Ended	Six Months   Ended	
	June 29,	June 30,	June 29,	June 30,	
(In millions)	2019	2018	2019	2018	
Aircraft	  $	733	  $	877	  $	1,499	  $	1,511	
Aftermarket parts and services		390	 	399		758	 	775	
Textron Aviation		1,123	 	1,276		2,257	 	2,286	
Military aircraft and support programs		482	 	533		990	 	1,020	
Commercial helicopters, parts and services		289	 	298		520	 	563	
Bell		771	 	831		1,510	 	1,583	
Unmanned systems		135	 	161		269	 	331	
Marine and land systems		60	 	69		108	 	161	
Simulation, training and other		113	 	150		238	 	275	
Textron Systems		308	 	380		615	 	767	
Fuel systems and functional components		592	 	627		1,186	 	1,282	
Specialized vehicles		417	 	475		735	 	823	
Tools and test equipment		—	 	120		—	 	248	
Industrial		1,009	 	1,222		1,921	 	2,353	
Finance		16	 	17		33	 	33	
Total revenues	  $	3,227	  $	3,726	  $	6,336	  $	7,022	

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Our revenues for our segments by customer type and geographic location are presented below:

													
(In millions)	Textron
Aviation	Bell	Textron
Systems	Industrial	Finance	Total	
Three months ended June 29, 2019													
Customer type:													
Commercial	  $	1,077	  $	279	  $	83	  $	1,004	  $	16	  $	2,459	
U.S. Government		46		492		225		5		—		768	
Total revenues	  $	1,123	  $	771	  $	308	  $	1,009	  $	16	  $	3,227	
Geographic location:													
United States	  $	736	  $	571	  $	249	  $	466	  $	7	  $	2,029	
Europe		164		47		17		291		—		519	
Asia and Australia		65		79		13		84		2		243	
Other international		158		74		29		168		7		436	
Total revenues	  $	1,123	  $	771	  $	308	  $	1,009	  $	16	  $	3,227	
Three months ended June 30, 2018													
Customer type:													
Commercial	  $	1,191	  $	291	  $	107	  $	1,215	  $	17	  $	2,821	
U.S. Government	 	85	 	540	 	273	 	7	 	—	 	905	
Total revenues	  $	1,276	  $	831	  $	380	  $	1,222	  $	17	  $	3,726	
Geographic location:	 		 		 		 		 		 		
United States	  $	914	  $	543	  $	297	  $	590	  $	7	  $	2,351	
Europe		128		50		23		372		2		575	
Asia and Australia		64		150		28		100		2		344	
Other international	 	170	 	88	 	32	 	160	 	6	 	456	
Total revenues	  $	1,276	  $	831	  $	380	  $	1,222	  $	17	  $	3,726	
Six months ended June 29, 2019													
Customer type:													
Commercial	  $	2,169	  $	509	  $	157	  $	1,909	  $	33	  $	4,777	
U.S. Government		88		1,001		458		12		—		1,559	
Total revenues	  $	2,257	  $	1,510	  $	615	  $	1,921	  $	33	  $	6,336	
Geographic location:													
United States	  $	1,525	  $	1,149	  $	506	  $	855	  $	15	  $	4,050	
Europe		347		67		40		602		1		1,057	
Asia and Australia		88		161		29		161		3		442	
Other international		297		133		40		303		14		787	
Total revenues	  $	2,257	  $	1,510	  $	615	  $	1,921	  $	33	  $	6,336	
Six months ended June 30, 2018													
Customer type:													
Commercial	  $	2,164	  $	543	  $	234	  $	2,339	  $	33	  $	5,313	
U.S. Government	 	122	 	1,040	 	533	 	14	 	—	 	1,709	
Total revenues	  $	2,286	  $	1,583	  $	767	  $	2,353	  $	33	  $	7,022	
Geographic location:	 		 		 		 		 		 		
United States	  $	1,579	  $	1,052	  $	584	  $	1,086	  $	14	  $	4,315	
Europe		274		77		35		755		3		1,144	
Asia and Australia		145		277		56		192		4		674	
Other international	 	288	 	177	 	92	 	320	 	12	 	889	
Total revenues	  $	2,286	  $	1,583	  $	767	  $	2,353	  $	33	  $	7,022	

Remaining Performance Obligations
Our remaining performance obligations, which is the equivalent of our backlog, represent the expected transaction price allocated to our contracts that we expect to recognize as revenues in future periods when we perform under the contracts.  These remaining obligations exclude unexercised contract options and potential orders under ordering-type contracts such as Indefinite Delivery, Indefinite Quantity contracts.  At June 29, 2019, we had $9.3 billion in remaining performance obligations of which we expect to recognize revenues of approximately 68% through 2020, an additional 26% through 2022, and the balance thereafter.  

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Contract Assets and Liabilities
Assets and liabilities related to our contracts with customers are reported on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period.  At June 29, 2019, contract assets and contract liabilities totaled $499 million and $897 million, respectively.  At December 29, 2018, contract assets and contract liabilities totaled $461 million and $974 million, respectively. During the second quarter and first half of 2019, we recognized revenues of $146 million and $457 million, respectively, that were included in the contract liability balance at December 29, 2018. We recognized revenues of $377 million and $699 million in the second quarter and first half of 2018 that were included in the contract liability balance at December 31, 2017.

Note 13.  Retirement Plans

We provide defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefits to eligible employees.  The components of net periodic benefit cost (credit) for these plans are as follows:

									
	Three Months Ended	Six Months Ended	
	June 29,	June 30,	June 29,	June 30,	
(In millions)	2019	2018	2019	2018	
Pension Benefits									
Service cost	  $	22	  $	27	  $	45	  $	53	
Interest cost		81		76		163		153	
Expected return on plan assets		(139)	 	(139)		(278)	 	(277)	
Amortization of net actuarial loss		25		39		50		77	
Amortization of prior service cost		4	 	3		7	 	7	
Net periodic benefit cost (credit)	  $	(7)	  $	6	  $	(13)	  $	13	
Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions									
Service cost	  $	—	  $	—	  $	1	  $	1	
Interest cost		3		3		5		5	
Amortization of net actuarial loss		(1)		—		(1)		—	
Amortization of prior service credit		(1)		(1)		(3)		(3)	
Net periodic benefit cost	  $	1	  $	2	  $	2	  $	3	

Note 14. Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate for the second quarter and first half of 2019 was 22.2% and 19.3%, respectively. In the first half of 2019, the effective tax rate was lower than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21%, primarily due to a $12 million benefit recognized for additional research credits related to prior years.

Our effective tax rate for the second quarter and first half of 2018 was 13.8% and 13.6%, respectively. In the second quarter and first half of 2018, the effective tax rate was lower than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21%, primarily due to a $25 million benefit recognized upon the reassessment of our reserve for uncertain tax positions based on new information, including interactions with the tax authorities and recent audit settlements.  The effective tax rate for the first half of 2018 also reflects benefits recognized from audit settlements in the first quarter of 2018.

Our reserve for unrecognized tax benefits totaled $175 million and $141 million at June 29, 2019 and December 29, 2018, respectively. The increase in this reserve largely reflects a claim filed in the first quarter of 2019 for tax credits related to prior years.

Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies

We are subject to legal proceedings and other claims arising out of the conduct of our business, including proceedings and claims relating to commercial and financial transactions; government contracts; alleged lack of compliance with applicable laws and regulations; production partners; product liability; patent and trademark infringement; employment disputes; and environmental, safety and health matters.  Some of these legal proceedings and claims seek damages, fines or penalties in substantial amounts or remediation of environmental contamination. As a government contractor, we are subject to audits, reviews and investigations to determine whether our operations are being conducted in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements. Under federal government procurement regulations, certain claims brought by the U.S. Government could result in our suspension or debarment from U.S. Government contracting for a period of time. On the basis of information presently available, we do not believe that existing proceedings and claims will have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Consolidated Results of Operations

	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended	 	
	June 29,	June 30,	%	June 29,	June 30,	%	
(Dollars in millions)	2019	2018	    Change	2019	2018	    Change	
Revenues	  $	3,227	  $	3,726	(13)	%	  $	6,336	  $	7,022	(10)	%	
Cost of sales	 	2,641	 	3,073	(14)	%	 	5,218	 	5,802	(10)	%	
Selling and administrative expense	 	292	 	370	(21)	%	 	599	 	697	(14)	%	
Gross margin percentage of Manufacturing revenues	 	17.8	%	 	17.1	%	  		 	17.2	%	 	17.0	%	  		

An analysis of our consolidated operating results is set forth below.  A more detailed analysis of our segments’ operating results is provided in the Segment Analysis section on pages 20 to 24.
Revenues
Revenues decreased $499 million, 13%, in the second quarter of 2019, compared with the second quarter of 2018. The revenue decrease included the following factors:

	●	Lower Industrial revenues of $213 million, primarily reflecting a $120 million impact from the disposition of the Tools and Test Equipment product line on July 2, 2018 and lower volume and mix of $80 million, primarily in the Specialized Vehicles product line.	
	●	Lower Textron Aviation revenues of $153 million, primarily due to lower volume and mix of $166 million, largely the result of lower commercial turboprop and defense volume.	
	●	Lower Textron Systems revenues of $72 million, largely due to lower volume of $38 million in the Simulation, Training and other product line and $26 million in the Unmanned Systems product line.	
	●	Lower Bell revenues of $60 million, primarily due to lower military volume.	

Revenues decreased $686 million, 10%, in the first half of 2019, compared with the first half of 2018. The revenue decrease included the following factors:

	●	Lower Industrial revenues of $432 million, primarily reflecting a $248 million impact from the disposition of the Tools and Test Equipment product line, lower volume and mix of $152 million and a $43 million impact from foreign exchange rate fluctuations.	
	●	Lower Textron Systems revenues of $152 million, largely reflecting lower volume of $62 million in the Unmanned Systems product line, $53 million in the Marine and Land Systems product line and $39 million in the Simulation, Training and other product line.	
	●	Lower Bell revenues of $73 million, reflecting lower commercial revenues of $43 million, largely due to lower aircraft deliveries, and lower military volume.	
	●	Lower Textron Aviation revenues of $29 million, reflecting lower volume and mix of $48 million, partially offset by higher pricing of $19 million.	

Cost of Sales and Selling and Administrative Expense
Cost of sales decreased $432 million, 14%, and $584 million, 10%, in the second quarter and first half of 2019, respectively, compared with the corresponding periods in 2018, largely resulting from lower net volume described above and the disposition of the Tools and Test Equipment product line. Gross margin as a percentage of Manufacturing revenues increased 70 basis points and 20 basis points in the second quarter and first half of 2019, respectively. The gross margin percentage increase in the second quarter of 2019 was primarily due to improved margins at the Textron Systems and Textron Aviation segments, largely due to favorable performance as discussed in the Segment Analysis below.
Selling and administrative expense decreased $78 million, 21%, and $98 million, 14%, in the second quarter and first half of 2019, respectively, compared with the corresponding periods of 2018, reflecting the impact from the disposition of the Tools and Test Equipment product line. The decrease in the second quarter of 2019 also included lower share-based compensation expense.
Income Taxes
Our effective tax rate for the second quarter and first half of 2019 was 22.2% and 19.3%, respectively. In the first half of 2019, the effective tax rate was lower than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21%, primarily due to a $12 million benefit recognized for additional research credits related to prior years.

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Our effective tax rate for the second quarter and first half of 2018 was 13.8% and 13.6%, respectively. In the second quarter and first half of 2018, the effective tax rate was lower than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21%, primarily due to a $25 million benefit recognized upon the reassessment of our reserve for uncertain tax positions based on new information, including interactions with the tax authorities and recent audit settlements. The effective tax rate for the first half of 2018 also reflects benefits recognized from audit settlements in the first quarter of 2018.
Backlog
Our backlog is summarized below:

	June 29,	December 29,	
(In millions)	2019	2018	
Bell	  $	6,007	  $	5,837	
Textron Aviation	 	1,885	 	1,791	
Textron Systems	 	1,365	 	1,469	
Total backlog	  $	9,257	  $	9,097	

Segment Analysis
We operate in, and report financial information for, the following five business segments: Textron Aviation, Bell, Textron Systems, Industrial and Finance. Segment profit is an important measure used for evaluating performance and for decision-making purposes. Segment profit for the manufacturing segments excludes interest expense, certain corporate expenses, gains/losses on major business dispositions and special charges. The measurement for the Finance segment includes interest income and expense along with intercompany interest income and expense. Operating expenses for the Manufacturing segments include cost of sales, selling and administrative expense and other non-service components of net periodic benefit cost/(credit), and exclude certain corporate expenses and special charges.
In our discussion of comparative results for the Manufacturing group, changes in revenues and segment profit typically are expressed for our commercial business in terms of volume and mix, pricing, foreign exchange, acquisitions and dispositions, while changes in segment profit may be expressed in terms of volume and mix, inflation and cost performance. For revenues, volume and mix represents changes in revenues from increases or decreases in the number of units delivered or services provided and the composition of products and/or services sold. Pricing represents changes in unit pricing. Foreign exchange is the change resulting from translating foreign-denominated amounts into U.S. dollars at exchange rates that are different from the prior period. Revenues generated by acquired businesses are reflected in Acquisitions for a twelve-month period, while reductions in revenues from the sale of businesses are reflected as Dispositions. For segment profit, volume and mix represents a change due to the number of units delivered or services provided and the composition of products and/or services sold at different profit margins. Inflation represents higher material, wages, benefits, pension service cost or other costs. Performance reflects an increase or decrease in research and development, depreciation, selling and administrative costs, warranty, product liability, quality/scrap, labor efficiency, overhead, non-service pension cost/(credit), product line profitability, start-up, ramp up and cost-reduction initiatives or other manufacturing inputs.
Approximately 24% of our 2018 revenues were derived from contracts with the U.S. Government, including those under the U.S. Government-sponsored foreign military sales program. For our segments that contract with the U.S. Government, changes in revenues related to these contracts are expressed in terms of volume. Revenues for our U.S. Government contracts are primarily recognized as costs are incurred. Changes in segment profit are typically expressed in terms of volume and mix and performance; these include cumulative catch-up adjustments associated with a) revisions to the transaction price that may reflect contract modifications or changes in assumptions related to award fees and other variable consideration or b) changes in the total estimated costs at completion due to improved or deteriorated operating performance.
Textron Aviation

	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended	 	
	June 29,	June 30,	June 29,	June 30,	
(Dollars in millions)	2019	2018	2019	2018	
Revenues:		  	 		  			  	 		  		
Aircraft	  $	733	  $	877	  $	1,499	  $	1,511	
Aftermarket parts and services	 	390	 	399	 	758	 	775	
Total revenues	 	1,123	 	1,276	 	2,257	 	2,286	
Operating expenses	 	1,018	 	1,172	 	2,046	 	2,110	
Segment profit	 	105	 	104	 	211	 	176	
Profit margin	 	9.4	%	 	8.2	%	 	9.3	%	 	7.7	%	

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Textron Aviation Revenues and Operating Expenses
The following factors contributed to the change in Textron Aviation’s revenues for the periods:

	Q2 2019	YTD 2019	
	versus	versus	
(In millions)	Q2 2018	YTD 2018	
Volume and mix	  $	(166)	  $	(48)	
Pricing	 	13	 	19	
Total change	  $	(153)	  $	(29)	

Textron Aviation’s revenues decreased $153 million, 12%, in the second quarter of 2019, compared with the second quarter of  2018, primarily due to lower volume and mix of $166 million, largely the result of lower commercial turboprop and defense volume. We delivered 46 Citation jets and 34 commercial turboprops in the second quarter of 2019, compared with 48 Citation jets and 47 commercial turboprops in the second quarter of 2018.
Textron Aviation’s revenues decreased $29 million in the first half of 2019, compared with the first half of 2018, primarily due to lower volume and mix of $48 million, partially offset by favorable pricing of $19 million.  Volume and mix included lower defense and aftermarket volume of $80 million, partially offset by higher Citation jet volume of $65 million. We delivered 90 Citation jets and 78 commercial turboprops in the first half of 2019, compared with 84 Citation jets and 76 commercial turboprops in the first half of 2018.
Textron Aviation’s operating expenses decreased $154 million, 13%, and $64 million, 3% in the second quarter and first half of 2019, respectively, compared with the corresponding periods of 2018, largely due to the lower volume and mix described above and improved manufacturing performance.
Textron Aviation Segment Profit
The following factors contributed to the change in Textron Aviation’s segment profit for the periods:

	Q2 2019	YTD 2019	
	versus	versus	
(In millions)	Q2 2018	YTD 2018	
Performance	  $	34	  $	49	
Volume and mix	 	(36)	 	(15)	
Pricing, net of inflation	 	3	 	1	
Total change	  $	1	  $	35	

Segment profit at Textron Aviation was largely unchanged in the second quarter of 2019, compared with the second quarter of 2018, as a favorable impact of $34 million, reflecting improved manufacturing performance, was offset by the lower volume and mix described above.
In the first half of 2019, Textron Aviation’s segment profit increased $35 million, 20%, compared with the first half of 2018, primarily due to a favorable impact of $49 million, reflecting improved manufacturing performance, partially offset by the lower volume and mix described above.
Bell

	Three Months Ended	 	Six Months Ended	 	
	June 29,	June 30,	June 29,	June 30,	
(Dollars in millions)	2019	2018	2019	2018	
Revenues:	  			  		 	  			  		 	
Military aircraft and support programs	  $	482	  $	533	  $	990	  $	1,020	
Commercial helicopters, parts and services	 	289	 	298	 	520	 	563	
Total revenues	 	771	 	831	 	1,510	 	1,583	
Operating expenses	 	668	 	714	 	1,303	 	1,379	
Segment profit	 	103	 	117	 	207	 	204	
Profit margin	 	13.4	%	 	14.1	%	 	13.7	%	 	12.9	%	

Bell’s major U.S. Government programs currently are the V-22 tiltrotor aircraft and the H-1 helicopter platforms, which are both in the production stage and represent a significant portion of Bell’s revenues from the U.S. Government.  

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Bell Revenues and Operating Expenses
The following factors contributed to the change in Bell’s revenues for the periods:

	Q2 2019	YTD 2019	
	versus	versus	
(In millions)	Q2 2018	YTD 2018	
Volume and mix	  $	(65)	  $	(81)	
Other	 	5	 	8	
Total change	  $	(60)	  $	(73)	

Bell’s revenues decreased $60 million, 7%, in the second quarter of 2019, compared with the second quarter of 2018, primarily due to lower military volume.  We delivered 53 commercial helicopters in the second quarter of 2019, compared with 57 commercial helicopters in the second quarter of 2018.
In the first half of 2019, Bell’s revenues decreased $73 million, 5%, compared with the first half of 2018, reflecting lower commercial revenues of $43 million, largely due to lower aircraft deliveries, and lower military volume. We delivered 83 commercial helicopters in the first half of 2019, compared with 103 commercial helicopters in the first half of 2018.
Bell’s operating expenses decreased $46 million, 6%, and $76 million, 6% in the second quarter and first half of 2019, respectively, compared with the corresponding periods of 2018, primarily due to the lower volume and mix described above and the improved commercial performance described below.
Bell Segment Profit
The following factors contributed to the change in Bell’s segment profit for the periods:

	Q2 2019	YTD 2019	
	versus	versus	
(In millions)	Q2 2018	YTD 2018	
Performance and other	  $	8	  $	35	
Volume and mix	 	(22)	 	(32)	
Total change	  $	(14)	  $	3	

Bell’s segment profit decreased $14 million, 12%, in the second quarter of 2019, compared with the second quarter of 2018, primarily due to the impact of the lower volume described above.  Performance and other of $8 million reflected favorable commercial performance, which was partially offset by lower net favorable program adjustments.
In the first half of 2019, Bell’s segment profit increased $3 million, compared with the first half of 2018, as favorable performance and other of $35 million, primarily the result of commercial performance, was largely offset by the impact of the lower volume and mix described above.
Textron Systems

	Three Months Ended	 	Six Months Ended	 	
	June 29,	June 30,	June 29,	June 30,	
(Dollars in millions)	2019	2018	2019	2018	
Revenues	  $	308	  $	380	  $	615	  $	767	
Operating expenses	 	259	 	340	 	538	 	677	
Segment profit	 	49	 	40	 	77	 	90	
Profit margin	 	15.9	%	 	10.5	%	 	12.5	%	 	11.7	%	

Textron Systems Revenues and Operating Expenses
The following factors contributed to the change in Textron Systems’ revenues for the periods:

	Q2 2019	YTD 2019	
	versus	versus	
(In millions)	Q2 2018	YTD 2018	
Volume	  $	(73)	  $	(154)	
Other	 	1	 	2	
Total change	  $	(72)	  $	(152)	

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Revenues at Textron Systems decreased $72 million, 19%, in the second quarter of 2019, compared with the second quarter of 2018, largely due to lower volume of $38 million in the Simulation, Training and other product line, principally due to lower deliveries in the TRU Simulation + Training business, and lower volume of $26 million in the Unmanned Systems product line.
In the first half of 2019, revenues at Textron Systems decreased $152 million, 20%, compared with the first half of 2018, largely due to lower volume of $62 million in the Unmanned Systems product line, $53 million in the Marine and Land Systems product line, reflecting lower Tactical Armoured Patrol Vehicle program deliveries, and $39 million in the Simulation, Training and other product line, principally in the TRU Simulation + Training business.
Textron Systems’ operating expenses decreased $81 million, 24%, and $139 million, 21%, in the second quarter and first half of 2019, respectively, compared with the corresponding periods of 2018, primarily due to the lower volume described above and the $18 million gain discussed below.
Textron Systems Segment Profit
The following factors contributed to the change in Textron Systems’ segment profit for the periods:

	Q2 2019	YTD 2019	
	versus	versus	
(In millions)	Q2 2018	YTD 2018	
Volume and mix	  $	(2)	  $	(13)	
Performance and other	 	11	 	—	
Total change	  $	9	  $	(13)	

Textron Systems’ segment profit increased $9 million, 23%, in the second quarter of 2019, compared with the second quarter of 2018, primarily due to an $11 million impact from performance and other, reflecting an $18 million gain recognized in the second quarter of 2019 related to our contribution of assets to a new training business we formed with FlightSafety International Inc., which is discussed in Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
In the first half of 2019, Textron Systems’ segment profit decreased $13 million, 14%, compared with the first half of 2018, reflecting the impact from the lower volume described above.  Performance and other included the $18 million gain discussed above and lower net favorable program adjustments.
Industrial

	Three Months Ended	 	Six Months Ended	 	
	June 29,	June 30,	June 29,	June 30,	
(Dollars in millions)	2019	2018	2019	2018	
Revenues:		  	 		  			  	 		  		
Fuel systems and functional components	  $	592	  $	627	  $	1,186	  $	1,282	
Specialized vehicles	 	417	 	475	 	735	 	823	
Tools and test equipment	 	—	 	120	 	—	 	248	
Total revenues	 	1,009	 	1,222	 	1,921	 	2,353	
Operating expenses	 	933	 	1,142	 	1,795	 	2,209	
Segment profit	 	76	 	80	 	126	 	144	
Profit margin	 	7.5	%	 	6.6	%	 	6.6	%	 	6.1	%	

Industrial Revenues and Operating Expenses
The following factors contributed to the change in Industrial’s revenues for the periods:

	Q2 2019	YTD 2019	
	versus	versus	
(In millions)	Q2 2018	YTD 2018	
Disposition	  $	(120)	  $	(248)	
Volume and mix	 	(80)	 	(152)	
Foreign exchange	 	(18)	 	(43)	
Other	 	5	 	11	
Total change	  $	(213)	  $	(432)	

Industrial segment revenues decreased $213 million, 17%, in the second quarter of 2019, compared with the second quarter of 2018, largely due to the impact of $120 million from the disposition of the Tools and Test Equipment product line and lower volume and mix of $80 million, primarily in the Specialized Vehicles product line.

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In the first half of 2019, Industrial segment revenues decreased $432 million, 18%, compared with the first half of 2018, largely due to the impact of $248 million from the disposition of the Tools and Test Equipment product line, lower volume and mix of $152 million at the remaining product lines and an unfavorable impact of $43 million from foreign exchange rate fluctuations, primarily related to the Euro.
Operating expenses for the Industrial segment decreased $209 million, 18%, and $414 million, 19%, in the second quarter and first half of 2019, respectively, compared with the corresponding periods of 2018, primarily due to lower operating expenses from the disposition of our Tools and Test Equipment product line and the lower volume and mix described above.
Industrial Segment Profit
The following factors contributed to the change in Industrial’s segment profit for the periods:

	Q2 2019	YTD 2019	
	versus	versus	
(In millions)	Q2 2018	YTD 2018	
Performance and other	  $	31	  $	46	
Volume and mix	 	(26)	 	(36)	
Disposition	 	(7)	 	(22)	
Foreign exchange	 	(2)	 	(6)	
Total change	  $	(4)	  $	(18)	

Segment profit for the Industrial segment decreased $4 million, 5%, and $18 million, 13%, in the second quarter and first half of 2019, respectively, compared with the corresponding periods of 2018, primarily due to the impact from the lower volume and mix described above of $26 million and $36 million, respectively, and the impact of the disposition of the Tools and Test Equipment product line of $7 million and $22 million, respectively.  These decreases were partially offset by favorable performance and other of $31 million and $46 million, respectively, primarily in the Specialized Vehicles product line.
Finance

	Three Months Ended	Six Months Ended	
	June 29,	June 30,	June 29,	June 30,	
(In millions)	2019	2018	2019	2018	
Revenues	  $	16	  $	17	  $	33	  $	33	
Segment profit	 	6	 	5	 	12	 	11	

Finance segment revenues and profit were largely unchanged in the second quarter and first half of 2019, respectively, compared with the corresponding periods of 2018. The following table reflects information about the Finance segment’s credit performance related to finance receivables.

	June 29,	December 29,	
(Dollars in millions)	2019	2018	
Finance receivables	  $	802	  $	789	
Nonaccrual finance receivables	 	31	 	40	
Ratio of nonaccrual finance receivables to finance receivables	 	3.87	%	 	5.07	%	
60+ days contractual delinquency	  $	12	  $	14	
60+ days contractual delinquency as a percentage of finance receivables	 	1.50	%	 	1.77	%	

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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our financings are conducted through two separate borrowing groups.  The Manufacturing group consists of Textron consolidated with its majority-owned subsidiaries that operate in the Textron Aviation, Bell, Textron Systems and Industrial segments.  The Finance group, which also is the Finance segment, consists of Textron Financial Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries.  We designed this framework to enhance our borrowing power by separating the Finance group.  Our Manufacturing group operations include the development, production and delivery of tangible goods and services, while our Finance group provides financial services.  Due to the fundamental differences between each borrowing group’s activities, investors, rating agencies and analysts use different measures to evaluate each group’s performance.  To support those evaluations, we present balance sheet and cash flow information for each borrowing group within the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Key information that is utilized in assessing our liquidity is summarized below:

	June 29,	December 29,	
(Dollars in millions)	2019	2018	
Manufacturing group		  	 		  		
Cash and equivalents	  $	775	  $	987	
Debt	 	3,367	 	3,066	
Shareholders’ equity	 	5,336	 	5,192	
Capital (debt plus shareholders’ equity)	 	8,703	 	8,258	
Net debt (net of cash and equivalents) to capital	 	33	%	 	29	%	
Debt to capital	 	39	%	 	37	%	
Finance group	 	  		 	  		
Cash and equivalents	  $	82	  $	120	
Debt	 	703	 	718	

We believe that our calculations of debt to capital and net debt to capital are useful measures as they provide a summary indication of the level of debt financing (i.e., leverage) that is in place to support our capital structure, as well as to provide an indication of the capacity to add further leverage.  We believe that we will have sufficient cash to meet our future needs, based on our existing cash balances, the cash we expect to generate from our manufacturing operations and other available funding alternatives, as appropriate.
Textron has a senior unsecured revolving credit facility that expires in September 2021 for an aggregate principal amount of $1.0 billion, of which up to $100 million is available for the issuance of letters of credit.  At June 29, 2019, there were no amounts borrowed against the facility.
We also maintain an effective shelf registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission that allows us to issue an unlimited amount of public debt and other securities.  Under this registration statement, in May 2019, we issued $300 million of fixed-rate notes due September 2029 with an annual interest rate of 3.90%.
In June 2019, we amended the Finance Group’s $150 million fixed-rate loan due August 2019, extending the maturity date to June 2022 with a modified annual interest rate of 2.88%.
Manufacturing Group Cash Flows
Cash flows from continuing operations for the Manufacturing group as presented in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows are summarized below:

	Six Months Ended	
	June 29,	June 30,	
(In millions)	2019	2018	
Operating activities	  $	(33)	  $	415	
Investing activities		(127)		(51)	
Financing activities		(55)		(882)	

In the first half of 2019, net cash used in operating activities was $33 million, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $415 million in the first half of 2018.  The change in cash flows between the periods was largely the result of working capital requirements, which primarily reflected an increase of $452 million in net cash used for inventory, principally at the Textron Aviation and Bell segments in support of future commercial aircraft sales.  We expect the working capital increase to reverse during the second half of the year resulting in positive cash flows from operating activities for the full year as we deliver higher volumes of commercial aircraft.

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Investing cash flows included capital expenditures of $135 million and $159 million in the first half of 2019 and 2018, respectively, partially offset by net proceeds received from corporate-owned life insurance policies of $4 million and $98 million, respectively.
In the first half of 2019, cash flows used in financing activities primarily included $361 million of cash paid to repurchase an aggregate of 7.0 million shares of our outstanding common stock, partially offset by $297 million of net proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt.  Cash flows used in financing activities in the first half of 2018 primarily included $915 million of cash paid to repurchase an aggregate of 14.6 million shares of our outstanding common stock.
Finance Group Cash Flows
Cash flows from continuing operations for the Finance group as presented in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows are summarized below:

	Six Months Ended	
	June 29,	June 30,	
(In millions)	2019	2018	
Operating activities	  $	15	  $	5	
Investing activities	 	31	 	73	
Financing activities	 	(84)	 	(84)	

The Finance group’s cash flows from investing activities primarily included collections on finance receivables totaling $91 million and $112 million in the first half of 2019 and 2018, respectively, partially offset by finance receivable originations of $90 million and $61 million, respectively.  Financing activities in both the first half of 2019 and 2018 reflected dividend payments of $50 million to the Manufacturing group and payments on long-term and nonrecourse debt of $34 million.
Consolidated Cash Flows
The consolidated cash flows from continuing operations, after elimination of activity between the borrowing groups, are summarized below:

	Six Months Ended	
	June 29,	June 30,	
(In millions)	2019	2018	
Operating activities	  $	(60)	  $	398	
Investing activities	 	(104)	 	(6)	
Financing activities	 	(89)	 	(916)	

In the first half of 2019, consolidated net cash flows used in operating activities was $60 million, compared with net cash provided  by operating activities of $398 million in the first half of 2018.  The change in cash flows between the periods was largely the result of working capital requirements, which primarily included an increase in net cash used for inventory of $427 million, principally at the Textron Aviation and Bell segments in support of future commercial aircraft sales.
Investing cash flows included capital expenditures of $135 million and $159 million in the first half of 2019 and 2018, respectively, partially offset by net proceeds received from corporate-owned life insurance policies of $4 million and $98 million, respectively. Cash flows used in financing activities in the first half of 2019 and 2018 included share repurchases of $361 million and $915 million, respectively.  Financing cash flows in the first half of 2019 also included $297 million of proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt.

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Captive Financing and Other Intercompany Transactions
The Finance group provides financing primarily to purchasers of new and pre-owned Textron Aviation aircraft and Bell helicopters manufactured by our Manufacturing group, otherwise known as captive financing.  In the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, cash received from customers is reflected as operating activities when received from third parties.  However, in the cash flow information provided for the separate borrowing groups, cash flows related to captive financing activities are reflected based on the operations of each group.  For example, when product is sold by our Manufacturing group to a customer and is financed by the Finance group, the origination of the finance receivable is recorded within investing activities as a cash outflow in the Finance group’s statement of cash flows.  Meanwhile, in the Manufacturing group’s statement of cash flows, the cash received from the Finance group on the customer’s behalf is recorded within operating cash flows as a cash inflow.  Although cash is transferred between the two borrowing groups, there is no cash transaction reported in the consolidated cash flows at the time of the original financing.  These captive financing activities, along with all significant intercompany transactions, are reclassified or eliminated from the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Reclassification adjustments included in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows are summarized below:

	Six Months Ended	
	June 29,	June 30,	
(In millions)	2019	2018	
Reclassification adjustments from investing activities:		  		  	
Cash received from customers	  $	71	  $	87	
Finance receivable originations for Manufacturing group inventory sales	 	(90)	 	(61)	
Other	 	27	 	2	
Total reclassification adjustments from investing activities	 	8	 	28	
Reclassification adjustments from financing activities:	 	  	 	  	
Dividends received by Manufacturing group from Finance group	 	(50)	 	(50)	
Total reclassification adjustments to operating activities	  $	(42)	  $	(22)	

Critical Accounting Estimates Update
Our Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, which require us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements.  The accounting estimates that we believe are most critical to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations are reported in Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 29, 2018. The following section provides an update of the year-end disclosure.
Revenue Recognition
A substantial portion of our revenues is related to long-term contracts with the U.S. Government, including those under the U.S. Government-sponsored foreign military sales program, for the design, development, manufacture or modification of aerospace and defense products as well as related services.  Due to the continuous transfer of control to the U.S. Government, we recognize revenue over the time that we perform under the contract. We generally use the cost-to-cost method to measure progress for our contracts because it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer that occurs as we incur costs on our contracts.  Under this measure, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation, and revenue is recorded proportionally as costs are incurred.
Changes in our estimate of the total expected cost or in the transaction price for a contract typically impact our profit booking rate. We utilize the cumulative catch-up method of accounting to recognize the impact of these changes on our profit booking rate for a contract. Under this method, the inception-to-date impact of a profit adjustment on a contract is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified. The impact of our cumulative catch-up adjustments on revenues and segment profit recognized in prior periods is presented below:

	Three Months Ended	Six Months Ended	
	June 29,	June 30,	June 29,	June 30,	
(In millions)	2019	2018	2019	2018	
Gross favorable	  $	46	  $	70	  $	99	  $	126	
Gross unfavorable	 	(19)	 	(6)	 	(41)	 	(22)	
Net adjustments	  $	27	  $	64	  $	58	  $	104	

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Forward-Looking Information
Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other oral and written statements made by us from time to time are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements, which may describe strategies, goals, outlook or other non-historical matters, or project revenues, income, returns or other financial measures, often include words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” “guidance,” “project,” “target,” “potential,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “likely” or “may” and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements.  In addition to those factors described in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K under “Risk Factors,” among the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from past and projected future results are the following:

	●	Interruptions in the U.S. Government’s ability to fund its activities and/or pay its obligations;	
	●	Changing priorities or reductions in the U.S. Government defense budget, including those related to military operations in foreign countries;	
	●	Our ability to perform as anticipated and to control costs under contracts with the U.S. Government;	
	●	The U.S. Government’s ability to unilaterally modify or terminate its contracts with us for the U.S. Government’s convenience or for our failure to perform, to change applicable procurement and accounting policies, or, under certain circumstances, to withhold payment or suspend or debar us as a contractor eligible to receive future contract awards;	
	●	Changes in foreign military funding priorities or budget constraints and determinations, or changes in government regulations or policies on the export and import of military and commercial products;	
	●	Volatility in the global economy or changes in worldwide political conditions that adversely impact demand for our products;	
	●	Volatility in interest rates or foreign exchange rates;	
	●	Risks related to our international business, including establishing and maintaining facilities in locations around the world and relying on joint venture partners, subcontractors, suppliers, representatives, consultants and other business partners in connection with international business, including in emerging market countries;	
	●	Our Finance segment’s ability to maintain portfolio credit quality or to realize full value of receivables;	
	●	Performance issues with key suppliers or subcontractors;	
	●	Legislative or regulatory actions, both domestic and foreign, impacting our operations or demand for our products;	
	●	Our ability to control costs and successfully implement various cost-reduction activities;	
	●	The efficacy of research and development investments to develop new products or unanticipated expenses in connection with the launching of significant new products or programs;	
	●	The timing of our new product launches or certifications of our new aircraft products;	
	●	Our ability to keep pace with our competitors in the introduction of new products and upgrades with features and technologies desired by our customers;	
	●	Pension plan assumptions and future contributions;	
	●	Demand softness or volatility in the markets in which we do business;	
	●	Cybersecurity threats, including the potential misappropriation of assets or sensitive information, corruption of data or operational disruption;	
	●	Difficulty or unanticipated expenses in connection with integrating acquired businesses;	
	●	The risk that acquisitions do not perform as planned, including, for example, the risk that acquired businesses will not achieve revenues and profit projections; and	
	●	The impact of changes in tax legislation.	

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Item 3.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There has been no significant change in our exposure to market risk during the fiscal quarter ended June 29, 2019. For discussion of our exposure to market risk, refer to Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk contained in Textron’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 4.   Controls and Procedures
We performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 29, 2019. The evaluation was performed with the participation of senior management of each business segment and key Corporate functions, under the supervision of our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (CFO). Based on this evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were operating and effective as of June 29, 2019.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended June 29, 2019 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 2.   Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The following provides information about our second quarter 2019 repurchases of equity securities that are registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended:

					Maximum	
	Total	Average Price	Total Number of	Number of Shares	
	Number of	Paid per Share	Shares Purchased as	that may yet be	
	Shares	(excluding	part of Publicly	Purchased under	
Period (shares in thousands)	Purchased *	commissions)	Announced Plan *	the Plan	
March 31, 2019 – May 4, 2019	782	  $	57.69	782	12,528	
May 5, 2019 – June 1, 2019	1,783	 	48.85	1,783	10,745	
June 2, 2019 – June 29, 2019	555	 	47.97	555	10,190	
Total	3,120	  $	50.91	3,120		
* These shares were purchased pursuant to a plan authorizing the repurchase of up to 40 million shares of Textron common stock that was announced on April 16, 2018. This plan has no expiration date.

Item 6.     Exhibits

31.1	   	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	
			
31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	
			
32.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	
			
32.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	
			
101		The following materials from Textron Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 29, 2019, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.	

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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	TEXTRON INC.	
		
Date:	July 24, 2019		/s/ Mark S. Bamford	
	Mark S. Bamford	
	Vice President and Corporate Controller	
	(principal accounting officer)	

30

Exhibit 31.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
I, Scott C. Donnelly, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Textron Inc. certify that:
 
1.    I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Textron Inc.;
 
2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
a)  designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
b)  designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
c)  evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
d)  disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
a)  all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
b)  any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date:	July 24, 2019	 	/s/ Scott C. Donnelly	
 	 	 	Scott C. Donnelly	
 	 	 	Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer	

Exhibit 31.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
I, Frank T. Connor, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Textron Inc. certify that:
 
1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Textron Inc.;
 
2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
a)  designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
b)  designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
c)  evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
d)  disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
a)  all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
b)  any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date:	July 24, 2019	 	/s/ Frank T. Connor	
 	 	 	Frank T. Connor	
 	 	 	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	

Exhibit 32.1
 
TEXTRON INC.
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Textron Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 29, 2019 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Scott C. Donnelly, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:
 
(1)   The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
 
(2)   The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date:	July 24, 2019	 	/s/ Scott C. Donnelly	
 	 	 	Scott C. Donnelly	
 	 	 	Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer	

Exhibit 32.2
 
TEXTRON INC.
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Textron Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 29, 2019 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Frank T. Connor, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:
 
(1)    The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
 
(2)    The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date:	July 24, 2019	 	/s/ Frank T. Connor	
 	 	 	Frank T. Connor	
 	 	 	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer