Table of Contents

 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

 
FORM 10-Q
 
(Mark One)
 
x       QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2018
 
OR
o          TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
Commission file number 0-16244

 
VEECO INSTRUMENTS INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware
 (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	 	11-2989601
 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)	
 	 	 	
Terminal Drive
Plainview, New York
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	 	11803
 (Zip Code)	
 
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
(516) 677-0200
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes  x    No  o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer   x	 	Accelerated filer o	
Non-accelerated filer     o	(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company   o	
 	 	 	
 	 	Emerging growth company o	
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  o     No  x
 
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

Title of Class	 	Shares Outstanding	
Common Stock	 	as of July 25, 2018	
par value $0.01 per share	 	48,791,282	

 

Table of Contents
 
VEECO INSTRUMENTS INC.
 
INDEX

Safe Harbor Statement	1	
 	 	
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3	
 	 	
Item 1. Financial Statements	3	
 	 	
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	26	
 	 	
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	35	
 	 	
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	35	
 	 	
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION	36	
 	 	
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	36	
 	 	
Item 1A. Risk Factors	36	
 	 	
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	36	
 	 	
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	37	
 	 	
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	37	
 	 	
Item 5. Other Information	37	
 	 	
Item 6. Exhibits	38	
 	 	
SIGNATURES	39	

Table of Contents
 
Safe Harbor Statement 
 
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q (the “Report”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Discussions containing such forward-looking statements may be found in Part I - Items 1, 2, and 3 hereof, as well as within this Report generally. In addition, when used in this Report, the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “estimates,” “targets,” “plans,” “intends,” “will,” and similar expressions related to the future are intended to identify forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from projected results.
 
In addition, the preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Although these estimates and assumptions are based on knowledge of current events and planned actions to be undertaken in the future, they may ultimately differ from actual results. Operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018. All estimates and assumptions are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from these estimates and assumptions.
 
The risks and uncertainties of Veeco Instruments Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, “Veeco,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our,” unless the context indicates otherwise) include, without limitation, the following:
 
·                   Unfavorable market conditions may adversely affect our operating results;
 
·                   We are exposed to the risks of operating a global business;
 
·                   We may be unable to effectively enforce and protect our intellectual property rights;
 
·                   We may be subject to claims of intellectual property infringement by others;
 
·                   We may be unable to successfully integrate the Ultratech business and may not realize the anticipated benefits of the acquisition;
 
·                   The price of our common shares is volatile and could further decline;
 
·                   We face significant competition;
 
·                   We operate in industries characterized by rapid technological change;
 
·                   Our sales to manufacturers are highly dependent on sales of consumer electronics applications, which can experience significant volatility due to seasonal and other factors;
 
·                   We have a concentrated customer base, located primarily in a limited number of regions, which operate in highly concentrated industries;
 
·                   A further reduction or elimination of foreign government subsidies and economic incentives may adversely affect the future order rate for our MOCVD equipment;
 
·                   The cyclicality of the industries we serve directly affects our business;
 
·                   The timing of our orders, shipments, and revenue recognition may cause our quarterly operating results to fluctuate significantly;
 
·                   Our sales cycle is long and unpredictable;
 
·                   Our backlog is subject to customer cancellation or modification which could result in decreased sales, increased inventory obsolescence, and liabilities to our suppliers for products no longer needed;
 
·                   Our failure to estimate customer demand accurately could result in inventory obsolescence, liabilities to our suppliers for products no longer needed, and manufacturing interruptions or delays which could affect our ability to meet customer demand;
 
·                   Our failure to successfully manage our outsourcing activities or failure of our outsourcing partners to perform as anticipated could adversely affect our results of operations;
 
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·                   We rely on a limited number of suppliers, some of whom are our sole source for particular components;
 
·                   Our inability to attract, retain, and motivate employees could have a material adverse effect on our business;
 
·                   We are exposed to risks associated with business combinations, acquisitions, and strategic investments;
 
·                   We may be unable to obtain required export licenses for the sale of our products;
 
·                   Our operating results may be adversely affected by tightening credit markets;
 
·                   We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other similar laws;
 
·                   We are subject to internal control evaluations and attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and any delays or difficulties in satisfying these requirements or negative reports concerning our internal controls could adversely affect our future results of operations and our stock price;
 
·                   Changes in accounting pronouncements or taxation rules or practices may adversely affect our financial results;
 
·                   Our income taxes may change;
 
·                   We may be required to take additional impairment charges on assets;
 
·                   We have indebtedness in the form of convertible senior notes which could adversely affect our financial position, prevent us from implementing our strategy, and dilute the ownership interest of our existing shareholders;
 
·                   The accounting method for convertible debt securities that may be settled in cash, such as the Convertible Senior Notes, could have a material effect on our reported financial results;
 
·                   We are subject to foreign currency exchange risks;
 
·                   Our previously announced share repurchase program could affect the price of our common stock and increase volatility and may be suspended or terminated at any time, which may result in a decrease in the trading price of our common stock;
 
·                   If we are subject to cyber-attacks we could incur substantial costs and, if such attacks are successful, we could incur significant liabilities, reputational harm, and disruption to our operations;
 
·                   We have adopted certain measures that may have anti-takeover effects which may make an acquisition of our Company by another company more difficult;
 
·                   We are subject to risks of non-compliance with environmental, health, and safety regulations;
 
·                   Regulations related to conflict minerals will force us to incur additional expenses, may make our supply chain more complex, and may harm our relationships with customers; and
 
·                   We have significant operations in locations which could be materially and adversely impacted in the event of a natural disaster, an act of terrorism, or other significant disruption.
 
Consequently, such forward looking statements and estimates should be regarded solely as the current plans and beliefs of Veeco. We do not undertake any obligation to update any forward looking statements to reflect future events or circumstances after the date of such statements.
 
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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION 
 
Item 1. Financial Statements 
 
Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share amounts)
(unaudited)

 	 	June 30,	 	December 31,	 	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	
Assets	 	 	 	 	 	
Current assets:	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	 	$	196,429	 	$	279,736	 	
Restricted cash	 	838	 	847	 	
Short-term investments	 	65,023	 	47,780	 	
Accounts receivable, net	 	133,750	 	98,866	 	
Contract assets	 	4,931	 	160	 	
Inventories	 	145,939	 	120,266	 	
Deferred cost of sales	 	205	 	15,994	 	
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	 	28,580	 	33,437	 	
Total current assets	 	575,695	 	597,086	 	
Property, plant, and equipment, net	 	79,268	 	85,058	 	
Intangible assets, net	 	93,582	 	369,843	 	
Goodwill	 	307,131	 	307,131	 	
Deferred income taxes	 	2,172	 	3,047	 	
Other assets	 	30,261	 	25,310	 	
Total assets	 	$	1,088,109	 	$	1,387,475	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity	 	 	 	 	 	
Current liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	
Accounts payable	 	$	65,090	 	$	50,318	 	
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	 	55,274	 	58,068	 	
Customer deposits and deferred revenue	 	73,459	 	112,032	 	
Income taxes payable	 	1,782	 	3,846	 	
Total current liabilities	 	195,605	 	224,264	 	
Deferred income taxes	 	7,784	 	36,845	 	
Long-term debt	 	281,401	 	275,630	 	
Other liabilities	 	9,389	 	10,643	 	
Total liabilities	 	494,179	 	547,382	 	
Stockholders’ equity:	 	 	 	 	 	
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 500,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding.	 	—	 	—	 	
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 120,000,000 shares authorized; 48,734,582 and 48,229,251 shares issued at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively; 48,734,582 and 48,144,416 shares outstanding at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.	 	487	 	482	 	
Additional paid-in capital	 	1,057,962	 	1,051,953	 	
Accumulated deficit	 	(466,331	)	(212,870	)	
Accumulated other comprehensive income	 	1,812	 	1,812	 	
Treasury stock, at cost, 84,835 shares at December 31, 2017.	 	—	 	(1,284	)	
Total stockholders’ equity	 	593,930	 	840,093	 	
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	 	$	1,088,109	 	$	1,387,475	 	
 
See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
(unaudited)

 	 	Three months ended June 30,	 	Six months ended June 30,	 	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	 	
Net sales	 	$	157,779	 	$	112,218	 	$	316,353	 	$	206,717	 	
Cost of sales	 	102,384	 	76,371	 	204,278	 	136,371	 	
Gross profit	 	55,395	 	35,847	 	112,075	 	70,346	 	
Operating expenses, net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Research and development	 	24,930	 	18,619	 	49,250	 	33,608	 	
Selling, general, and administrative	 	24,274	 	22,698	 	50,657	 	41,801	 	
Amortization of intangible assets	 	10,386	 	6,354	 	23,918	 	9,221	 	
Restructuring	 	2,917	 	3,257	 	5,612	 	4,595	 	
Acquisition costs	 	1,316	 	14,133	 	2,657	 	15,494	 	
Asset impairment	 	252,343	 	675	 	252,343	 	1,138	 	
Other, net	 	443	 	(10	)	286	 	(87	)	
Total operating expenses, net	 	316,609	 	65,726	 	384,723	 	105,770	 	
Operating income (loss)	 	(261,214	)	(29,879	)	(272,648	)	(35,424	)	
Interest income	 	819	 	782	 	1,443	 	1,575	 	
Interest expense	 	(5,264	)	(5,061	)	(10,511	)	(9,196	)	
Income (loss) before income taxes	 	(265,659	)	(34,158	)	(281,716	)	(43,045	)	
Income tax expense (benefit)	 	(28,025	)	(13,341	)	(28,255	)	(23,868	)	
Net income (loss)	 	$	(237,634	)	$	(20,817	)	$	(253,461	)	$	(19,177	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income (loss) per common share:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic	 	$	(5.02	)	$	(0.49	)	$	(5.35	)	$	(0.47	)	
Diluted	 	$	(5.02	)	$	(0.49	)	$	(5.35	)	$	(0.47	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Weighted average number of shares:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic	 	47,311	 	42,656	 	47,332	 	41,160	 	
Diluted	 	47,311	 	42,656	 	47,332	 	41,160	 	
 
See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(in thousands)
(unaudited)

 	 	Three months ended June 30,	 	Six months ended June 30,	 	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	 	
Net income (loss)	 	$	(237,634	)	$	(20,817	)	$	(253,461	)	$	(19,177	)	
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities	 	8	 	53	 	—	 	(61	)	
Foreign currency translation	 	(32	)	9	 	—	 	24	 	
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	 	(24	)	62	 	—	 	(37	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total comprehensive income (loss)	 	$	(237,658	)	$	(20,755	)	$	(253,461	)	$	(19,214	)	
 
See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
(unaudited)

 	 	Six months ended June 30,	 	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	
Cash Flows from Operating Activities	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income (loss)	 	$	(253,461	)	$	(19,177	)	
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:	 	 	 	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization	 	32,306	 	15,620	 	
Non-cash interest expense	 	5,771	 	4,887	 	
Deferred income taxes	 	(27,658	)	(20,101	)	
Share-based compensation expense	 	9,441	 	13,806	 	
Asset impairment	 	252,343	 	1,138	 	
Provision for bad debts	 	—	 	92	 	
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	
Accounts receivable and contract assets	 	(39,655	)	(2,485	)	
Inventories and deferred cost of sales	 	(9,890	)	20,338	 	
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	 	4,868	 	608	 	
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	 	11,761	 	(7,107	)	
Customer deposits and deferred revenue	 	(38,573	)	(12,608	)	
Income taxes receivable and payable, net	 	(4,189	)	129	 	
Long-term income tax liability	 	—	 	(4,877	)	
Other, net	 	(504	)	148	 	
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	 	(57,440	)	(9,589	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash Flows from Investing Activities	 	 	 	 	 	
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired	 	—	 	(399,478	)	
Capital expenditures	 	(3,796	)	(10,057	)	
Proceeds from the sale of investments	 	45,365	 	235,586	 	
Payments for purchases of investments	 	(65,400	)	(219,141	)	
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	 	(23,831	)	(393,090	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash Flows from Financing Activities	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash withholdings for employee stock purchase plan	 	2,039	 	1,498	 	
Restricted stock tax withholdings	 	(2,859	)	(6,294	)	
Purchases of common stock	 	(1,225	)	—	 	
Proceeds from long-term debt borrowings	 	—	 	335,751	 	
Principal payments on long-term debt	 	—	 	(180	)	
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	 	(2,045	)	330,775	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	 	—	 	24	 	
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	 	(83,316	)	(71,880	)	
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - beginning of period	 	280,583	 	277,444	 	
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - end of period	 	$	197,267	 	$	205,564	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest paid	 	$	4,692	 	$	65	 	
Income taxes paid	 	3,563	 	1,422	 	
Non-cash operating and financing activities	 	 	 	 	 	
Net transfer of inventory to property, plant, and equipment	 	6	 	33	 	
 
See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
 
Note 1 - Basis of Presentation
 
The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements of Veeco have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP as defined in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification 270 for interim financial information and with the instructions to Rule 10-01 of Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements as the interim information is an update of the information that was presented in Veeco’s most recent annual financial statements. For further information, refer to Veeco’s Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (“2017 Form 10-K”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. All such adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature.
 
Veeco reports interim quarters on a 13-week basis ending on the last Sunday of each quarter. The fourth quarter always ends on the last day of the calendar year, December 31. The 2018 interim quarters end on April 1, July 1, and September 30, and the 2017 interim quarters ended on April 2, July 2, and October 1. These interim quarters are reported as March 31, June 30, and September 30 in Veeco’s interim consolidated financial statements.
 
Change in Accounting Policy
 
The Company adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), as of January 1, 2018, using the full retrospective method. All amounts and disclosures set forth in this Form 10-Q reflect these changes. The most significant financial statement impacts of adopting ASC 606 are the elimination of the constraint on revenue associated with the billing retention related to the receipt of customer final acceptance and the identification of installation services as a performance obligation. The elimination of the constraint on revenue related to customer final acceptance, which is usually about 10 percent of a system sale, is now generally recognized at the time the Company transfers control of the system to the customer, which is earlier than under the Company’s previous revenue recognition model for certain contracts that were subject to the billing constraint. The new performance obligation related to installation services is now recognized as the installation services are performed, which is later than the Company’s previous revenue recognition model.
 
The Company applied ASC 606 retrospectively and elected to use the disclosure exemption in the transition guidance under which the Company does not disclose prior period information regarding the amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations. The cumulative effect of the adoption was recognized as a decrease to Accumulated deficit of $6.9 million on January 1, 2016. The following tables summarize the impact of adoption on the Company’s previously reported financial position and results:

 	 	December 31, 2017	 	
 	 	as reported	 	Adjustments	 	as adjusted	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	
Balance Sheet	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Contract assets	 	—	 	160	 	160	 	
Deferred cost of sales	 	16,060	 	(66	)	15,994	 	
Deferred income taxes	 	2,953	 	94	 	3,047	 	
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	 	60,339	 	(2,271	)	58,068	 	
Customer deposits and deferred revenue	 	108,953	 	3,079	 	112,032	 	
Additional paid-in capital	 	1,053,079	 	(1,126	)	1,051,953	 	
Accumulated deficit	 	(213,376	)	506	 	(212,870	)	
 
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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
(unaudited)

 	 	Three months ended June 30, 2017	 	Six months ended June 30, 2017	 	
 	 	As reported	 	Adjustments	 	As adjusted	 	As reported	 	Adjustments	 	As adjusted	 	
 	 	(in thousands, except per share amounts)	 	
Statement of Operations	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net sales	 	$	115,066	 	$	(2,848	)	$	112,218	 	$	209,452	 	$	(2,735	)	$	206,717	 	
Cost of sales	 	76,346	 	25	 	76,371	 	136,533	 	(162	)	136,371	 	
Income tax expense (benefit)	 	(12,897	)	(444	)	(13,341	)	(23,179	)	(689	)	(23,868	)	
Net income (loss)	 	(18,388	)	(2,429	)	(20,817	)	(17,293	)	1,884	 	(19,177	)	
Diluted earnings (loss) per	 	(0.43	)	(0.06	)	(0.49	)	(0.42	)	(0.05	)	(0.47	)	

The Company’s adoption of the standard had no impact to cash provided by or used in operating, investing, or financing activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
 
Revenue Recognition
 
Revenue is recognized upon the transfer of control of the promised product or service to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for such product or service. The Company’s contracts with customers generally do not contain variable consideration. In the rare instances where variable consideration is included, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration and determines what portion of that, if any, has a high probability of significant subsequent revenue reversal, and if so, that amount is excluded from the transaction price. The Company’s contracts with customers frequently contain multiple deliverables , such as systems, upgrades, components, spare parts, installation, maintenance, and service plans . Judgment is required to properly identify the performance obligations within a contract and to determine how the revenue should be allocated among the performance obligations. The Company also evaluates whether multiple transactions with the same customer or related parties should be considered part of a single contract based on an assessment of whether the contracts or agreements are negotiated or executed within a short time frame of each other or if there are indicators that the contracts are negotiated in contemplation of one another.
 
When there are separate units of accounting, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation on a relative stand-alone selling price basis. The stand-alone selling prices are determined based on the prices at which the Company separately sells the systems, upgrades, components, spare parts, installation, maintenance, and service plans. For items that are not sold separately, the Company estimates stand-alone selling prices generally using an expected cost plus margin approach .
 
Most of the Company’s revenue is recognized at a point in time when the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company considers many facts when evaluating each of its sales arrangements to determine the timing of revenue recognition, including its contractual obligations and the nature of the customer’s post-delivery acceptance provisions. The Company’s system sales arrangements, including certain upgrades, generally include field acceptance provisions that may include functional or mechanical test procedures. For many of these arrangements, a customer source inspection of the system is performed in the Company’s facility or test data is sent to the customer documenting that the system is functioning to the agreed upon specifications prior to delivery. Historically, such source inspection or test data replicates the field acceptance provisions that are performed at the customer’s site prior to final acceptance of the system. When the Company objectively demonstrates that the criteria specified in the contractual acceptance provisions are achieved prior to delivery, transfer of control of the product to the customer is considered to have occurred and revenue is recognized upon system delivery since there is no substantive contingency remaining related to the acceptance provisions at that date. For new products, new applications of existing products, or for products with substantive customer acceptance provisions where the Company cannot objectively demonstrate that the criteria specified in the contractual acceptance provisions have been achieved prior to delivery, revenue and the associated costs are deferred. The Company recognizes such revenue and costs upon obtaining objective evidence that the acceptance provisions can be achieved, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.
 
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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
(unaudited)
 
In certain cases the Company’s contracts with customers contain a billing retention, typically 10% of the sales price, which is billed by the Company and payable by the customer when field acceptance provisions are completed. Revenue recognized in advance of the amount that has been billed is recorded as a contract asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 
The Company recognizes revenue related to maintenance and service contracts over time based upon the respective contract term. Installation revenue is recognized over time as the installation services are performed. The Company recognizes revenue from the sales of components, spare parts, and specified service engagements at a point in time, which is typically consistent with the time of delivery in accordance with the terms of the applicable sales arrangement.
 
The Company may receive customer deposits on system transactions. The timing of the transfer of goods or services related to the deposits is either at the discretion of the customer or expected to be within one year from the deposit receipt. As such, the Company does not adjust transaction prices for the time value of money. Incremental direct costs incurred related to the acquisition of a customer contract, such as sales commissions, are expensed as incurred since the expected amortization period is one year or less.
 
The Company has elected to treat shipping and handling costs as a fulfillment activity, and such costs are included in cost of services when the Company recognizes revenue for the related goods. Taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are collected by the Company from a customer are excluded from revenue.
 
Income Taxes
 
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“2017 Tax Act”), which makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code. Certain income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act are reflected in the Company’s financial results in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”), which provides SEC staff guidance regarding the application of ASC Topic 740,  Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Refer to Note 10, “Income Taxes,” for further information on the financial statement impact of the 2017 Tax Act.
 
Because of the complexity of the new global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) rule, the Company is continuing to evaluate this provision of the 2017 Tax Act and the application of ASC 740. Under U.S. GAAP, the Company is allowed to make an accounting policy choice of either (1) treating taxes due on future U.S. inclusions in taxable income related to GILTI as a current-period expense when incurred (“period cost method”) or (2) factoring such amounts into a company’s measurement of its deferred taxes (“deferred method”). The Company’s selection of an accounting policy with respect to the new GILTI tax rules will depend, in part, on analyzing its global income to determine whether it expects to have future U.S. inclusions in taxable income related to GILTI, and if so, what the impact will be. This assessment depends not only on the Company’s current structure and estimated future results of global operations, but also on its intent and ability to modify its structure and/or business. The Company is not yet able to reasonably estimate the effect of this provision of the 2017 Tax Act; therefore, the Company has not made any deferred tax adjustments related to potential GILTI tax in its consolidated financial statements and has not made a policy election decision regarding whether to record deferred taxes on GILTI.
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02: Leases , which generally requires operating lessee rights and obligations to be recognized as assets and liabilities on the balance sheet. In addition, interest on lease liabilities is to be recognized separately from the amortization of right-of-use assets in the Statement of Operations. Further, payments of the principal portion of lease liabilities are to be classified as financing activities while payments of interest on lease liabilities and variable lease payments are to be classified as operating activities in the Statement of Cash Flows. When the standard is adopted, the Company will be required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 
 
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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
(unaudited)
 
15, 2018, with early application permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of adopting the ASU on the consolidated financial statements.
 
The Company is also evaluating other pronouncements recently issued but not yet adopted. The adoption of these pronouncements is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
 
The Company adopted ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments — Overall , as of January 1, 2018. This ASU requires certain equity investments to be measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in net income. The Company measures equity investments without readily observable market prices at cost, adjusted for changes in observable prices minus impairment. Changes in measurement are included in “Other, net” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. This ASU has not had a material impact on the consolidated financial statements upon adoption, and the Company will monitor its equity investments each reporting period for changes in observable market prices, if any, which may be material in future periods.
 
The Company adopted ASU 2016-16,  Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory , as of January 1, 2018. This ASU requires the Company to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset, other than inventory, when the transfer occurs. This ASU has not had a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
 
The Company adopted ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash, as of January 1, 2018. This ASU requires the Company to include restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning and end of period total amounts shown on the Statement of Cash Flows. This ASU has not had a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
 
Note 2 - Income (Loss) Per Common Share
 
The Company considers unvested share-based awards that have non-forfeitable rights to dividends prior to vesting to be participating shares, which are treated as a separate class of security from the Company’s common shares for calculating per share data. Therefore, the Company applies the two-class method when calculating income (loss) per share. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for each class of common stock and participating security according to dividends declared and participation rights in undistributed earnings. However, since the holders of the participating shares are not obligated to fund losses, participating shares are excluded from the calculation of loss per share.
 
The dilutive effect of the Convertible Senior Notes on income (loss) per share is calculated using the treasury stock method since the Company has both the current intent and ability to settle the principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes in cash. See Note 5, “Liabilities,” for additional information on the Convertible Senior Notes.
 
Basic income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period under the two-class method. Diluted income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares used to calculate basic income (loss) per share plus the weighted average number of common share equivalents outstanding during the period. The dilutive effect of outstanding options to purchase common stock and non-participating share-based awards is considered in diluted income per share by application of the treasury stock method. The dilutive effect of performance share units is included in diluted income per common share in the periods the performance targets have been achieved. The computations of basic and diluted income (loss) per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:
 
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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
(unaudited)

 	 	Three months ended June 30,	 	Six months ended June 30,	 	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	 	
 	 	(in thousands, except per share amounts)	 	
Net income (loss)	 	$	(237,634	)	$	(20,817	)	$	(253,461	)	$	(19,177	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income (loss) per common share:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic	 	$	(5.02	)	$	(0.49	)	$	(5.35	)	$	(0.47	)	
Diluted	 	$	(5.02	)	$	(0.49	)	$	(5.35	)	$	(0.47	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	 	47,311	 	42,656	 	47,332	 	41,160	 	
Effect of potentially dilutive share-based awards	 	—	 	—	 	—	 	—	 	
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	 	47,311	 	42,656	 	47,332	 	41,160	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unvested participating shares excluded from basic weighted average shares outstanding since the securityholders are not obligated to fund losses	 	17	 	228	 	17	 	228	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Common share equivalents excluded from the diluted weighted average shares outstanding since Veeco incurred a net loss and their effect would be antidilutive	 	22	 	330	 	23	 	294	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Potentially dilutive non-participating shares excluded from the diluted calculation as their effect would be antidilutive	 	2,706	 	1,265	 	2,204	 	1,462	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Maximum potential shares to be issued for settlement of Convertible Senior Notes excluded from the diluted calculation as their effect would be antidilutive	 	8,618	 	8,618	 	8,618	 	8,618	 	
 
Note 3 — Business Combinations
 
Ultratech
 
On May 26, 2017, the Company completed its acquisition of Ultratech, Inc. (“Ultratech”). Ultratech develops, manufactures, sells, and supports lithography, laser annealing, and inspection equipment for manufacturers of semiconductor devices, including front-end semiconductor manufacturing and advanced packaging. Ultratech also develops, manufactures, sells, and supports ALD equipment for scientific and industrial applications. Ultratech’s customers are primarily located throughout the United States, Europe, China, Japan, Taiwan, Singapore, and Korea. The results of Ultratech’s operations have been included in the consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition.
 
Ultratech shareholders received (i) $21.75 per share in cash and (ii) 0.2675 of a share of Veeco common stock for each Ultratech common share outstanding on the acquisition date. Approximately $2.7 million of the cash merger consideration is included in “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, related to shareholder appraisal proceedings. See Note 6, “Commitments and Contingencies” - Legal Proceedings , for additional information.
 
The following table presents unaudited pro forma financial information as if the acquisition of Ultratech had occurred on January 1, 2016:
 
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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
(unaudited)

 	 	Three months ended June 30,	 	Six months ended June 30,	 	
 	 	2017	 	2017	 	
 	 	(in thousands, except per share amounts)	 	
Net sales	 	$	125,551	 	$	277,459	 	
Loss before income taxes	 	(33,782	)	(47,243	)	
Diluted earnings per share	 	$	(0.67	)	$	(0.74	)	
 
The pro-forma results were calculated by combining the unaudited results of the Company with the stand-alone unaudited results of Ultratech for the pre-acquisition period, and adjusting for the following:
 
(i)                                      Additional amortization expense related to identified intangible assets valued as part of the purchase price allocation that would have been incurred starting on January 1, 2016.
 
(ii)                                   Additional depreciation expense for the property, plant, and equipment fair value adjustments that would have been incurred starting on January 1, 2016.
 
(iii)                                All acquisition related costs incurred by the Company as well as by Ultratech pre-acquisition have been removed from the year ended December 31, 2017 and included in the year ended December 31, 2016, as such expenses would have been incurred in the first quarter following the acquisition.
 
(iv)                               All amortization of inventory step-up has been removed from the year ended December 31, 2017 and recorded in the year ended December 31, 2016, as such costs would have been incurred as the corresponding inventory was sold.
 
(v)                                  Additional interest expense related to the Convertible Senior Notes (see Note 5, “Liabilities”) as if the Notes had been issued on January 1, 2016.
 
(vi)                               Income tax expense (benefit) was adjusted for the impact of the above adjustments for each period.
 
(vii)                            All shares issued in connection with the acquisition were considered outstanding as of January 1, 2016 for purposes of calculating diluted earnings per share.
 
During the second quarter of 2018, the Company lowered its projected results for the Ultratech asset group and determined that the revised projections were significantly lower than projected results at the time of the acquisition and that these revised projections required the Company to assess the Ultratech asset group for impairment. See Note 4, “Assets” - Intangible Assets , for additional information.
 
Note 4 - Assets
 
Investments
 
Short-term investments are generally classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, presented as a separate component of stockholders’ equity under the caption “Accumulated other comprehensive income” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These securities may include U.S. treasuries, government agency securities, corporate debt, and commercial paper, all with maturities of greater than three months when purchased. All realized gains and losses and unrealized losses resulting from declines in fair value that are other than temporary are included in “Other, net” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
 
Fair value is the price that would be received for an asset or the amount paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Veeco classifies certain assets based on the following fair value hierarchy:
 
Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets that are unadjusted and accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;
 
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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
(unaudited)
 
Level 2: Quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or financial instruments for which significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly; and
 
Level 3: Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.
 
A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Veeco has evaluated the estimated fair value of financial instruments using available market information and valuations as provided by third-party sources. The use of different market assumptions or estimation methodologies could have a significant effect on the estimated fair value amounts.
 
The following table presents the portion of Veeco’s assets that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

 	 	Level 1	 	Level 2	 	Level 3	 	Total	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	
June 30, 2018	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Short-term investments	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S. treasuries	 	$	44,488	 	$	—	 	$	—	 	$	44,488	 	
Corporate debt	 	—	 	8,604	 	—	 	8,604	 	
Commercial paper	 	—	 	11,931	 	—	 	11,931	 	
Total	 	$	44,488	 	$	20,535	 	$	—	 	$	65,023	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
December 31, 2017	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash equivalents	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S. treasuries	 	$	12,490	 	$	—	 	$	—	 	$	12,490	 	
Total	 	$	12,490	 	$	—	 	$	—	 	$	12,490	 	
Short-term investments	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S. treasuries	 	$	33,895	 	$	—	 	$	—	 	$	33,895	 	
Corporate debt	 	—	 	10,886	 	—	 	10,886	 	
Commercial paper	 	—	 	2,999	 	—	 	2,999	 	
Total	 	$	33,895	 	$	13,885	 	$	—	 	$	47,780	 	
 
There were no transfers between fair value measurement levels during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.
 
At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale securities consist of:
 
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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
(unaudited)

 	 	 	 	Gross	 	Gross	 	 	 	
 	 	Amortized	 	Unrealized	 	Unrealized	 	Estimated	 	
 	 	Cost	 	Gains	 	Losses	 	Fair Value	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	
June 30, 2018	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S. treasuries	 	$	44,501	 	$	1	 	$	(14	)	$	44,488	 	
Corporate debt	 	8,619	 	—	 	(15	)	8,604	 	
Commercial paper	 	11,930	 	1	 	—	 	11,931	 	
Total	 	$	65,050	 	$	2	 	$	(29	)	$	65,023	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
December 31, 2017	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S. treasuries	 	$	33,914	 	$	—	 	$	(19	)	$	33,895	 	
Corporate debt	 	10,894	 	—	 	(8	)	10,886	 	
Commercial paper	 	2,999	 	—	 	—	 	2,999	 	
Total	 	$	47,807	 	$	—	 	$	(27	)	$	47,780	 	
 
Available-for-sale securities in a loss position at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consist of:

 	 	June 30, 2018	 	December 31, 2017	 	
 	 	 	 	Gross	 	 	 	Gross	 	
 	 	Estimated	 	Unrealized	 	Estimated	 	Unrealized	 	
 	 	Fair Value	 	Losses	 	Fair Value	 	Losses	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	
U.S. treasuries	 	$	25,387	 	$	(14	)	$	33,895	 	$	(19	)	
Corporate debt	 	8,604	 	(15	)	10,886	 	(8	)	
Total	 	$	33,991	 	$	(29	)	$	44,781	 	$	(27	)	
 
At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were no short-term investments that had been in a continuous loss position for more than 12 months.
 
The maturities of securities classified as available-for-sale at June 30, 2018 were all due in one year or less. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. There were no realized gains or losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and minimal realized gains for the three and six months ending June 30, 2017.
 
Accounts Receivable
 
Accounts receivable is presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of $0.3 million at both June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
 
Inventories
 
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined on a first-in, first-out basis. Inventories at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consist of the following :
 
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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
(unaudited)

 	 	June 30,	 	December 31,	 	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	
Materials	 	$	74,571	 	$	59,919	 	
Work-in-process	 	44,301	 	37,222	 	
Finished goods	 	27,067	 	23,125	 	
Total	 	$	145,939	 	$	120,266	 	
 
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets primarily consist of supplier deposits, prepaid value-added tax, lease deposits, prepaid insurance, and prepaid licenses. Veeco had deposits with its suppliers of $11.6 million and $7.6 million at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
 
Property, Plant, and Equipment
 
Property, plant, and equipment at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consist of the following:

 	 	June 30,	 	December 31,	 	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	
Land	 	$	5,669	 	$	5,669	 	
Building and improvements	 	59,301	 	54,449	 	
Machinery and equipment (1)	 	120,467	 	126,829	 	
Leasehold improvements	 	8,750	 	10,073	 	
Gross property, plant, and equipment	 	194,187	 	197,020	 	
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	 	114,919	 	111,962	 	
Net property, plant, and equipment	 	$	79,268	 	$	85,058	 	

(1)  Machinery and equipment also includes software, furniture and fixtures
 
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, depreciation expense was $4.2 million and $8.4 million, respectively, and $3.5 million and $6.4 million for the comparable 2017 periods.
 
Goodwill
 
Goodwill represents the future economic benefits arising from assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized. There were no changes to goodwill during the six months ended June 30, 2018.
 
Intangible Assets
 
Intangible assets consist of purchased technology, customer relationships, patents, trademarks and tradenames, and backlog, and are initially recorded at fair value. Long-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives in a method reflecting the pattern in which the economic benefits are consumed or amortized on a straight-line basis if such pattern cannot be reliably determined.
 
During the second quarter of 2018, the Company lowered its projected results for the Ultratech asset group. The revised projections were significantly lower than the projected results at the time of the acquisition. The lower than expected unit volume of certain smartphones, which incorporate advanced packaging methods such as Fan-Out Wafer Level Packaging (“FOWLP”), and the delay in the adoption of FOWLP advanced packaging by other electronics manufacturers has slowed
 
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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
(unaudited)
 
orders and reduced revenue projections for the Company’s advanced packaging lithography systems. In addition, there has been a delay in the build out of 28nm facilities by companies in China who were expected to purchase the Company’s Laser Spike Anneal (“LSA”) systems. Taken together, the reduced projections required the Company to assess the Ultratech asset group for impairment. As a result of the analysis, which included projected cash flows that required the use of unobservable inputs, the Company recorded non-cash impairment charges of $216.4 million and $35.9 million related to definite-lived intangible assets and in-process research and development assets, respectively, during the second quarter of 2018.
 
The components of purchased intangible assets were as follows:

 	 	June 30, 2018	 	December 31, 2017	 	
 	 	 	 	Accumulated	 	 	 	 	 	Accumulated	 	 	 	
 	 	Gross	 	Amortization	 	 	 	Gross	 	Amortization	 	 	 	
 	 	Carrying	 	and	 	Net	 	Carrying	 	and	 	Net	 	
 	 	Amount	 	Impairment	 	Amount	 	Amount	 	Impairment	 	Amount	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	
Technology	 	$	307,588	 	$	260,471	 	$	47,117	 	$	307,588	 	$	133,121	 	$	174,467	 	
Customer relationships	 	164,595	 	133,393	 	31,202	 	164,595	 	39,336	 	125,259	 	
In-process R&D	 	43,340	 	35,900	 	7,440	 	43,340	 	—	 	43,340	 	
Trademarks and tradenames	 	30,910	 	23,221	 	7,689	 	30,910	 	4,321	 	26,589	 	
Other	 	3,686	 	3,552	 	134	 	3,686	 	3,498	 	188	 	
Total	 	$	550,119	 	$	456,537	 	$	93,582	 	$	550,119	 	$	180,276	 	$	369,843	 	
 
Other intangible assets primarily consist of patents, licenses, and backlog.
 
Based on the revised intangible asset values resulting from the impairment recorded during the period ended June 30, 2018, the remaining estimated annual amortization expense, excluding in-process R&D, is expected to be as follows:

 	 	Amortization	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	
2018	 	$	8,196	 	
2019	 	16,211	 	
2020	 	15,285	 	
2021	 	12,164	 	
2022	 	9,829	 	
Thereafter	 	24,457	 	
Total	 	$	86,142	 	
 
Other Assets
 
Veeco has an ownership interest of less than 20% in a non-marketable investment, Kateeva, Inc. (“Kateeva”), over which Veeco does not exert significant influence. The carrying value of the investment was $21.0 million at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Additionally, during the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company made a separate non-marketable investment of $3.5 million. The Company does not exert significant influence over this investment, and its ownership interest is less than 20%. Neither equity investment has a readily observable market price, and therefore the Company has elected to measure these investments at cost, adjusted for changes in observable market prices minus impairment. The investments are included in “Other assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. There were no changes in observable market prices for either investment for the six months ended June 30, 2018. These investments are subject to periodic impairment reviews; as there are no open-market valuations, the impairment analyses require judgment. The analyses include assessments of the companies’ financial condition, the business outlooks for their products and
 
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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
(unaudited)
 
technologies, their projected results and cash flow, business valuation indications from recent rounds of financing, the likelihood of obtaining subsequent rounds of financing, and the impact of equity preferences held by Veeco relative to other investors.
 
Note 5 - Liabilities
 
Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
 
The components of accrued expenses and other current liabilities at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consist of:

 	 	June 30,	 	December 31,	 	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	
Payroll and related benefits	 	$	25,910	 	$	32,996	 	
Warranty	 	6,889	 	6,532	 	
Interest	 	4,477	 	4,430	 	
Professional fees	 	3,807	 	3,942	 	
Merger consideration payable	 	2,662	 	2,662	 	
Sales, use, and other taxes	 	891	 	2,144	 	
Restructuring liability	 	2,178	 	1,520	 	
Other	 	8,460	 	3,842	 	
Total	 	$	55,274	 	$	58,068	 	
 
Other liabilities include accruals for costs related to customer training, royalties, and travel.
 
Warranty
 
Warranties are typically valid for one year from the date of system final acceptance, and Veeco estimates the costs that may be incurred under the warranty. Estimated warranty costs are determined by analyzing specific product and historical configuration statistics and regional warranty support costs and are affected by product failure rates, material usage, and labor costs incurred in correcting product failures during the warranty period. Unforeseen component failures or exceptional component performance can also result in changes to warranty costs. Changes in product warranty reserves for the six months ended June 30, 2018 include:

 	 	(in thousands)	 	
Balance - December 31, 2017	 	$	6,532	 	
Warranties issued	 	3,514	 	
Consumption of reserves	 	(3,444	)	
Changes in estimate	 	287	 	
Balance - June 30, 2018	 	$	6,889	 	
 
Restructuring Accruals
 
During 2017, the Company substantially completed its restructuring activities related to its initiative to streamline operations, enhance efficiencies, and reduce costs, as well as reduced investments in certain technology development. In addition, during 2017, the Company began the Ultratech acquisition integration process to enhance efficiencies, resulting in reductions in headcount and other facility costs. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, additional accruals were recognized and payments were made related to prior year restructuring initiatives.
 
During the second quarter of 2018, the Company initiated plans to further reduce excess capacity associated with the
 
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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
(unaudited)
 
manufacture and support of the Company’s advanced packaging lithography and 3D wafer inspection systems by consolidating these operations into its San Jose, California facility. As a result of this and other cost saving initiatives, the Company announced headcount reduction of approximately 40 employees and recorded restructuring charges related to these actions of $1.7 million, consisting principally of personnel severance and related costs. The Company expects the consolidation to be completed in the first quarter of 2019. Over the next few quarters, the Company expects to incur additional restructuring costs of $2 million to $4 million as it completes these activities.

 	 	Personnel	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Severance and	 	Facility	 	 	 	
 	 	Related Costs	 	Related Costs	 	Total	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	
Balance - December 31, 2017	 	$	1,520	 	$	—	 	$	1,520	 	
Provision	 	2,412	 	2,371	 	4,783	 	
Payments	 	(1,754	)	(2,371	)	(4,125	)	
Balance - June 30, 2018	 	$	2,178	 	$	—	 	$	2,178	 	
 
Included within restructuring expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the six months ended June 30, 2018 is approximately $0.8 million of non-cash charges related to accelerated share-based compensation for employee terminations.
 
Customer Deposits and Deferred Revenue
 
Customer deposits totaled $25.2 million and $41.5 million at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Deferred revenue represents amounts billed, other than deposits, in excess of the revenue that can be recognized on a particular contract at the balance sheet date. Changes in deferred revenue were as follows:

 	 	(in thousands)	 	
Balance - December 31, 2017	 	$	70,536	 	
Deferral of revenue	 	9,608	 	
Recognition of previously deferred revenue	 	(31,867	)	
Balance - June 30, 2018	 	$	48,277	 	
 
As of June 30, 2018, the Company has approximately $91.4 million of remaining performance obligations on contracts with an original estimated duration of one year or more, of which approximately 74% is expected to be recognized within one year, with the remaining amounts expected to be recognized between one to three years. The Company has elected to exclude disclosures regarding remaining performance obligations that have an original expected duration of one year or less.
 
Convertible Senior Notes
 
On January 10, 2017, the Company issued $345.0 million of 2.70% convertible senior unsecured notes (the “Convertible Senior Notes”). The Company received net proceeds, after deducting underwriting discounts and fees and expenses payable by the Company, of approximately $335.8 million. The Convertible Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 2.70% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year, commencing on July 15, 2017. The Convertible Senior Notes mature on January 15, 2023 (the “Maturity Date”), unless earlier purchased by the Company, redeemed, or converted.
 
The carrying value of the Convertible Senior Notes is as follows:
 
18 

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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
(unaudited)

 	 	June 30,	 	December 31,	 	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	
Principal amount	 	$	345,000	 	$	345,000	 	
Unamortized debt discount	 	(57,779	)	(63,022	)	
Unamortized transaction costs	 	(5,820	)	(6,348	)	
Net carrying value	 	$	281,401	 	$	275,630	 	
 
Total interest expense related to the Convertible Senior Notes is as follows:

 	 	Three months ended June 30,	 	Six months ended June 30,	 	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	
Cash Interest Expense	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Coupon interest expense	 	$	2,329	 	$	2,329	 	$	4,658	 	$	4,244	 	
Non-Cash Interest Expense	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Amortization of debt discount	 	2,646	 	2,455	 	5,243	 	4,440	 	
Amortization of transaction costs	 	266	 	247	 	528	 	447	 	
Total Interest Expense	 	$	5,241	 	$	5,031	 	$	10,429	 	$	9,131	 	
 
The Company determined the Convertible Senior Notes is a Level 2 liability in the fair value hierarchy and estimated its fair value as $304.3 million at June 30, 2018.
 
Other Liabilities
 
As part of the acquisition of Ultratech, the Company assumed an executive non-qualified deferred compensation plan that allowed qualifying executives to defer cash compensation. The plan was frozen at the time of acquisition and no further contributions have been made. At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, plan assets approximated $3.5 million and $3.4 million, respectively, representing the cash surrender value of life insurance policies and is included within “Other assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, while plan liabilities approximated $4.0 million and $4.7 million, respectively, and is included within “Other liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Other liabilities also include asset retirement obligations of $3.3 million at both June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and medical and dental benefits of $2.1 million and $2.2 million, respectively.
 
Note 6 - Commitments and Contingencies
 
Minimum Lease Commitments
 
At June 30, 2018, the Company’s total future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases have not changed significantly from the disclosure in the 2017 Form 10-K.
 
Purchase Commitments
 
Veeco has purchase commitments of $157.1 million at June 30, 2018, substantially all of which become due within one year.
 
19 

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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
(unaudited)
 
Bank Guarantees
 
Veeco has bank guarantees and letters of credit issued by a financial institution on its behalf as needed. At June 30, 2018, outstanding bank guarantees and letters of credit totaled $7.6 million, and unused bank guarantees and letters of credit of $65.0 million were available to be drawn upon.
 
Legal Proceedings
 
On September 21, 2017, Blueblade Capital Opportunities LLC et al. (“Blueblade”), on behalf of purported beneficial owners of 440,100 shares of Ultratech common stock, filed an action against Ultratech in Delaware Court of Chancery requesting an appraisal of the value of their Ultratech stock pursuant to 8 Del. C. §262. On June 22, 2018, Veeco, Ultratech, and Blueblade agreed to settle this action. As part of the settlement, the appraisal action was dismissed with prejudice.
 
On June 8, 2018, an Ultratech shareholder who received Veeco stock as part of the consideration for the Ultratech acquisition filed a purported class action complaint in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Santa Clara, captioned Wolther v. Maheshwari et al., Case No. 18CV329690, on behalf of himself and others who purchased or acquired shares of Veeco pursuant to the registration statement and prospectus which Veeco filed with the SEC in connection with the Ultratech acquisition. The complaint seeks to recover damages and fees under Sections 11, 12, and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 for, among other things, alleged false/misleading statements in the registration statement and prospectus relating to the Ultratech acquisition, relating primarily to the alleged failure to disclose delays in the advanced packaging business, increased MOCVD competition in China, and an intellectual property dispute. Veeco believes this lawsuit is without merit and intends to vigorously contest this matter.
 
The Company is involved in various other legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. The Company does not believe that the ultimate resolution of these matters will have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
 
Receivable Purchase Agreement
 
In December 2017, the Company entered into a Receivable Purchase Agreement with a financial institution to sell certain of its trade receivables from customers without recourse, up to $23.0 million at any point in time for a term of one year. There were no sales of accounts receivable under the agreement for the six months ended June 30, 2018, and as of June 30, 2018, the Company maintained $23.0 million available under the agreement for additional sales of trade receivables.
 
Note 7 — Derivative Financial Instruments
 
The Company is exposed to financial market risks arising from changes in currency exchange rates. Changes in currency exchange rates could affect the Company’s foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities and forecasted cash flows. The Company entered into monthly forward derivative contracts with the intent of mitigating a portion of this risk. The Company only used derivative financial instruments in the context of hedging and not for speculative purposes and had not designated its foreign exchange derivatives as hedges. Accordingly, changes in fair value from these contracts were recorded as “Other, net” in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company executed derivative transactions with highly rated financial institutions to mitigate counterparty risk.
 
A summary of the foreign exchange derivatives outstanding on June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 is as follows:
 
20 

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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
(unaudited)

 	 	June 30, 2018	 	December 31, 2017	 	
 	 	Fair	 	Maturity	 	Notional	 	Fair	 	Maturity	 	Notional	 	
 	 	Value	 	Dates	 	Amounts	 	Value	 	Dates	 	Amounts	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	
Foreign currency exchange forwards	 	$	23	 	July 2018	 	$	4,810	 	$	—	 	January 2018	 	$	622	 	

The following table shows the gains and (losses) from currency exchange derivatives during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, which are included in “Other, net” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, as well as the weighted average notional amount of derivatives outstanding for each period:

 	 	Three months ended June 30, 2018	 	Three months ended June 30, 2017	 	
 	 	 	 	Weighted average	 	 	 	Weighted average	 	
 	 	Gains (losses)	 	notional amount	 	Gains (losses)	 	notional amount	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	
Foreign currency exchange forwards	 	$	199	 	$	5,376	 	$	—	 	$	273	 	

 	 	Six months ended June 30, 2018	 	Six months ended June 30, 2017	 	
 	 	 	 	Weighted average	 	 	 	Weighted average	 	
 	 	Gains (losses)	 	notional amount	 	Gains (losses)	 	notional amount	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	
Foreign currency exchange forwards	 	$	216	 	$	2,392	 	$	—	 	$	273	 	

Note 8 - Equity
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“AOCI”)
 
The following table presents the changes in the balances of each component of AOCI, net of tax:

 	 	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	 	
 	 	Foreign Currency	 	Gains (Losses) on
Available for Sale	 	 	 	
 	 	Translation	 	Securities	 	Total	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	
Balance - December 31, 2017	 	$	1,839	 	$	(27	)	$	1,812	 	
Other comprehensive income (loss)	 	—	 	—	 	—	 	
Balance - June 30, 2018	 	$	1,839	 	$	(27	)	$	1,812	 	
 
There were minimal reclassifications from AOCI into net income for the six months ended June 30, 2018.
 
Note 9 - Share-based compensation
 
Restricted share awards are issued to employees that are subject to specified restrictions and a risk of forfeiture. The restrictions typically lapse over one to five years and may entitle holders to dividends and voting rights. Other types of share-based compensation include performance share awards, performance share units, and restricted share units (collectively with restricted share awards, “restricted shares”), as well as options to purchase common stock.
 
21 

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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
(unaudited)
 
Share-based compensation expense was recognized in the following line items in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:

 	 	Three months ended June 30,	 	Six months ended June 30,	 	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	
Cost of sales	 	$	536	 	$	500	 	$	1,090	 	$	1,157	 	
Research and development	 	1,065	 	708	 	2,019	 	1,137	 	
Selling, general, and administrative	 	2,646	 	3,368	 	5,503	 	6,468	 	
Restructuring	 	657	 	841	 	829	 	841	 	
Acquisition costs	 	—	 	4,203	 	—	 	4,203	 	
Total	 	$	4,904	 	$	9,620	 	$	9,441	 	$	13,806	 	
 
For the six months ended June 30, 2018, equity activity related to stock options was as follows:

 	 	Number of	 	Weighted
Average	 	
 	 	Shares	 	Exercise Price	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	 	 	
Balance - December 31, 2017	 	1,394	 	$	34.97	 	
Expired or forfeited	 	(118	)	37.42	 	
Balance - June 30, 2018	 	1,276	 	$	34.75	 	
 
For the six months ended June 30, 2018, equity activity related to non-vested restricted shares and performance shares was as follows:

 	 	 	 	Weighted
Average	 	
 	 	Number of	 	Grant Date	 	
 	 	Shares	 	Fair Value	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	 	 	
Balance - December 31, 2017	 	1,880	 	$	25.41	 	
Granted	 	824	 	19.39	 	
Performance award adjustments	 	(5	)	32.67	 	
Vested	 	(468	)	26.19	 	
Forfeited	 	(109	)	26.06	 	
Balance - June 30, 2018	 	2,122	 	$	22.85	 	
 
Note 10 - Income Taxes
 
Income taxes are estimated for each of the jurisdictions in which the Company operates. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, as well as the tax effect of carryforwards. Realization of net deferred tax assets is dependent on future taxable income. At June 30, 2018, the Company’s U.S. deferred tax assets are fully offset by a valuation allowance since the Company cannot conclude that it is more likely than not that these future benefits will be realized.
 
At the end of each interim reporting period, the effective tax rate is aligned with expectations for the full year. This estimate is used to determine the income tax provision on a year-to-date basis and may change in subsequent interim
 
22 

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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
(unaudited)
 
periods. If necessary, the year-to-date tax benefit for interim period losses is limited to the amount that could be recognizable at the end of the fiscal year.
 
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The 2017 Tax Act makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code that affects the Company’s 2018 financial results, including, but not limited to; a reduction in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent; current U.S. taxation of global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) of non-U.S. operations; additional limitations on the deductibility of executive compensation; and limitations on the deductibility of interest.
 
The Company recognized the income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act in its 2017 financial statements in accordance with SAB 118, which provides SEC staff guidance for the application of ASC 740 in the reporting period in which the 2017 Tax Act was signed into law. As such, the Company’s 2017 financial results reflect the income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act, including provisional amounts for specific income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act for which the accounting under ASC 740 is incomplete but for which a reasonable estimate could be determined. During the second quarter of 2018, the Company recognized an income tax benefit of $1.6 million related to the alternative minimum tax credits that became refundable in accordance with the 2017 Tax Act. The Company is still in the process of evaluating the impacts of the 2017 Tax Act and considers the amounts previously recorded to be provisional, except for the tax benefit of alternative minimum tax credits and the impact of the change in tax rate on the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2017, for which the accounting is complete. The Company will complete its analysis and finalize the amounts by the end of the fourth quarter of 2018, which is within the measurement period as provided by SAB 118.
 
During the second quarter of 2018, the Company also recognized a tax benefit of $25.3 million primarily due to the intangible asset impairment charge of $252.3 million incurred during the quarter. See Note 4, “Assets” - Intangible Assets , for additional information.
 
Loss before income taxes and income tax benefit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:

 	 	Three months ended June 30,	 	Six months ended June 30,	 	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	
Loss before income taxes	 	$	(265,659	)	$	(34,158	)	$	(281,716	)	$	(43,045	)	
Income tax benefit	 	$	(28,025	)	$	(13,341	)	$	(28,255	)	$	(23,868	)	
 
The Company’s tax benefit for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was $28.0 million, compared to $13.3 million for the comparable prior period. The 2018 tax benefit included a $1.3 million benefit related to domestic operations and a $26.7 million benefit related to non-U.S. operations, compared to 2017 when the benefit included a $15.6 million benefit related to domestic operations and a $2.3 million expense related to non-U.S. operations. The current period domestic tax benefit is primarily attributable to refundable alternative minimum tax credits in accordance with 2017 Tax Act, offset by the tax amortization of indefinite-lived intangible assets that is not available to offset U.S. deferred tax assets. The current period foreign tax benefit is primarily attributable to the asset impairment charge incurred during the period.
 
The Company’s tax benefit for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was $28.3 million, compared to $23.9 million for the comparable prior period. The 2018 tax benefit included a $1.2 million benefit related to the Company’s domestic operations and a $27.1 million benefit related to the Company’s non-U.S. operations, compared to 2017 when the benefit included a $19.9 million benefit related to domestic operations and a $4.0 million benefit related to non-U.S. operations. The current period domestic tax benefit is primarily attributable to refundable alternative minimum tax credits in accordance with 2017 Tax Act, offset by the tax amortization of indefinite-lived intangible assets that is not available to offset U.S. deferred tax assets. The current period foreign tax benefit is primarily attributable to the asset impairment charge incurred during the period.
 
23 

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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
(unaudited)
 
Note 11 - Segment Reporting and Geographic Information
 
Veeco operates and measures its results in one operating segment and therefore has one reportable segment: the design, development, manufacture, and support of thin film process equipment primarily sold to make electronic devices.
 
Veeco categorizes its sales into the following four end-markets:
 
Advanced Packaging, MEMS & RF Filters
 
Advanced Packaging includes a portfolio of wafer-level assembly technologies that enable the miniaturization and performance improvement of electronic products, such as smartphones, smartwatches, tablets, and laptops. Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (“MEMS”) includes tiny mechanical devices such as sensors, switches, mirrors, and actuators embedded in semiconductor chips used in vehicles, smartphones, tablets, and games. RF Filters refers to RF filters used in smartphones, tablets, and mobile devices.
 
LED Lighting, Display & Compound Semiconductor
 
LED Lighting refers to Light Emitting Diode (“LED”) and semiconductor illumination sources used in various applications including, but not limited to, displays such as backlights, general lighting, automotive running lights, and headlamps. Display refers to LEDs used for displays and Organic Light Emitting Diode (“OLED”) displays found in outdoor display/signage applications, TVs, smartphones, wearable devices, and tablets. Compound Semiconductor includes Photonics, Power Electronics, and Radio Frequency (“RF”) Devices. Photonics refers to laser diodes, Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (“VCSEL”) in 3D sensing and communications, and various other optical devices. Power Electronics refers to semiconductor devices such as rectifiers, inverters, and converters for the control and conversion of electric power. RF devices refers to radio frequency emitting and receiving devices that enable wireless communications. Such devices include power amplifiers, switches, and transceivers for applications such as mobile (including handsets and base stations), defense, automobile, and the Internet of Things.
 
Front-End Semiconductor
 
Front-End Semiconductor refers to the early steps in the process of integrated circuit fabrication where the microchips are created but still remain on the silicon wafer. This category includes Laser Spike Anneal, Ion Beam etch for front-end semiconductor applications, and Ion Beam deposition for EUV mask blanks.
 
Scientific & Industrial
 
Scientific refers to advanced materials research at university research institutions, industry research institutions, industry consortiums, and government research agencies. Industrial refers to large-scale product manufacturing applications including data storage and optical coatings: thin layers of material deposited on a lens or mirror that alters how light reflects and transmits.
 
Sales by end-market and geographic region for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:
 
24 

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Veeco Instruments Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - continued
(unaudited)

 	 	Three months ended June 30,	 	Six months ended June 30,	 	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	2018	 	2017	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	
Sales by end-market	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Advanced Packaging, MEMS & RF Filters	 	$	24,758	 	$	21,827	 	$	51,911	 	$	32,738	 	
LED Lighting, Display & Compound Semiconductor	 	87,817	 	54,310	 	177,733	 	109,458	 	
Front-End Semiconductor	 	18,152	 	10,322	 	27,609	 	11,480	 	
Scientific & Industrial	 	27,052	 	25,759	 	59,100	 	53,041	 	
Total	 	$	157,779	 	$	112,218	 	$	316,353	 	$	206,717	 	
Sales by geographic region	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
United States	 	$	32,939	 	$	20,860	 	$	56,694	 	$	37,906	 	
China	 	70,457	 	27,644	 	145,850	 	68,165	 	
EMEA (1)	 	25,405	 	14,752	 	41,151	 	37,192	 	
Rest of World	 	28,978	 	48,962	 	72,658	 	63,454	 	
Total	 	$	157,779	 	$	112,218	 	$	316,353	 	$	206,717	 	

(1)  EMEA consists of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa
 
For geographic reporting, sales are attributed to the location in which the customer facility is located.
 
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 
 
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward Looking Statements
 
Our discussion below constitutes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. When used in this Report, the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “estimates,” “targets,” “plans,” “intends,” “will,” and similar expressions related to the future are intended to identify forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from projected results. You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the dates they are made.
 
Executive Summary
 
We are a technology company that develops, manufactures, sells, and supports semiconductor/compound semiconductor process equipment aligned to meet the demands of key global trends such as enhanced mobility, increased connectivity, and energy efficiency. Our primary technologies include metal organic chemical vapor deposition (“MOCVD”), advanced packaging lithography, wet etch and clean, laser annealing, ion beam deposition and etch, molecular beam epitaxy, 3D wafer inspection, and atomic layer deposition. These technologies play an integral role in producing LEDs for solid-state lighting and displays and in the fabrication and packaging of advanced semiconductor devices. With equipment designed to optimize performance, yield, and cost of ownership, we hold technology leadership positions in many of these served markets.
 
We categorize our revenue by the key markets into which we sell. Our four key markets are: Advanced Packaging, MEMS & RF Filters; LED Lighting, Display & Compound Semiconductor; Front-End Semiconductor; and Scientific & Industrial.
 
Sales in the Advanced Packaging, MEMS & RF Filters market were driven by shipments of lithography systems and upgrades to Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly & Test companies (“OSATs”) and foundry customers in support of advanced packaging processes such as Fan-Out Wafer Level Packaging (“FOWLP”) and Copper Pillar. Additionally, we continue to ship Wet Etch and Clean systems to foundry customers in support of advanced packaging and RF Filter applications. We anticipate OSATs will continue to add capacity in the future driven by broader technology trends such as artificial intelligence (“AI”), mobile connectivity, autonomous vehicles, big data processing, and 5G infrastructure deployment.
 
Sales in the LED Lighting, Display & Compound Semiconductor market were driven by the shipment of MOCVD systems into China for general lighting and backlighting. We also sell MOCVD systems for other applications, including Photonics and RF device applications. We expect growth in this market to be driven by fine-pitch digital signage, automotive lighting, 3D sensing Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (“VCSELs”) and laser diodes, 5G RF devices, and power electronics. We focus our R&D efforts accordingly and where our technology differentiation can provide a significant advantage for our customers. Our broad portfolio of MOCVD and Wet Etch and Clean technologies has been developed to support these applications. We expect margins in the second half of 2018 to be higher than the first half as a result of a shift in our product mix in the LED market. Orders softened in the second quarter driven by a reduction in LED orders as customers digest recently added capacity for general lighting and backlighting. In addition to overcapacity in this market, a more competitive landscape in China has emerged. It is unclear when orders will improve in the LED market for general lighting and backlighting.
 
We continue to build momentum in the Front-End Semiconductor market with our Low Defect Density Ion Beam Deposition (“LDD-IBD”) system for Extreme Ultraviolet (“EUV”) Mask Blank Production, as well as our Ion Beam Etch system for Spin Torque Transfer Magnetic Random Access Memory (“STT-MRAM”). We have partnered with a large semiconductor capital equipment manufacturer to bring our STT-MRAM solution to market to initially enable applications where non-volatility and low power consumption are required, such as the Internet of Things (“IoT”).
 
Sales in the Scientific & Industrial market were supported by shipments of Ion Beam deposition systems for optical
 
26 

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coatings and data storage applications, as well as MBE shipments to universities and government laboratories. In Data Storage, we saw a sharp increase in orders in the second quarter. Demand for our Ion Beam products is being driven by the requirements to improve areal density of magnetic heads for hard disk drive manufacturers, as well as an overall projected volume increase of thin film magnetic heads. These two factors taken together are driving additional capacity and equipment upgrades. While equipment demand from each individual market may fluctuate quarter to quarter, the diverse customer base has historically provided a relatively stable revenue stream for the Company.
 
During the second quarter of 2018, we lowered our projected results for the Ultratech asset group. The revised projections were significantly lower than the projected results at the time of the acquisition. The lower than expected unit volume of certain smartphones, which incorporate advanced packaging methods such as FOWLP, and the delay in the adoption of FOWLP advanced packaging by other electronics manufacturers has slowed orders and reduced revenue projections for our advanced packaging lithography systems. In addition, there has been a delay in the build out of 28nm facilities by companies in China who were expected to purchase our Laser Spike Anneal (“LSA”) systems. Taken together, the reduced projections required us to assess the Ultratech asset group for impairment. As a result of the analysis, during the second quarter of 2018, we recorded a $252.3 million non-cash intangible asset impairment charge.
 
During the second quarter of 2018, we initiated plans to further reduce excess capacity associated with the manufacture and support of our advanced packaging lithography and 3D wafer inspection systems by consolidating these operations into our San Jose, California facility. As a result of this and other cost saving initiatives, we announced headcount reductions of approximately 40 employees and recorded restructuring charges related to these actions of $1.7 million, consisting principally of personnel severance and related costs. We expect the consolidation to be completed in the first quarter of 2019 and to provide approximately $2 million in annualized savings. Over the next few quarters, we expect to incur additional restructuring costs of $2 million to $4 million as we complete these activities.
 
Results of Operations
 
For the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017
 
The following table presents revenue and expense line items reported in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for 2018 and 2017 and the period-over-period dollar and percentage changes for those line items. Our results of operations are reported as one business segment, represented by our single operating segment.

 	 	Three months ended June 30,	 	Change	 	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	Period to Period	 	
 	 	(dollars in thousands)	 	
Net sales	 	$	157,779	 	100%	 	$	112,218	 	100%	 	$	45,561	 	41%	 	
Cost of sales	 	102,384	 	65%	 	76,371	 	68%	 	26,013	 	34%	 	
Gross profit	 	55,395	 	35%	 	35,847	 	32%	 	19,548	 	55%	 	
Operating expenses, net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Research and development	 	24,930	 	16%	 	18,619	 	17%	 	6,311	 	34%	 	
Selling, general, and administrative	 	24,274	 	15%	 	22,698	 	20%	 	1,576	 	7%	 	
Amortization of intangible assets	 	10,386	 	7%	 	6,354	 	6%	 	4,032	 	63%	 	
Restructuring	 	2,917	 	2%	 	3,257	 	3%	 	(340	)	(10)%	 	
Acquisition costs	 	1,316	 	1%	 	14,133	 	13%	 	(12,817	)	(91)%	 	
Asset impairment	 	252,343	 	160%	 	675	 	1%	 	251,668	 	*	 	
Other, net	 	443	 	—	 	(10	)	—	 	453	 	*	 	
Total operating expenses, net	 	316,609	 	201%	 	65,726	 	59%	 	250,883	 	382%	 	
Operating income (loss)	 	(261,214	)	(166)%	 	(29,879	)	(27)%	 	(231,335	)	*	 	
Interest income (expense), net	 	(4,445	)	(3)%	 	(4,279	)	(4)%	 	(166	)	*	 	
Income (loss) before income taxes	 	(265,659	)	(168)%	 	(34,158	)	(30)%	 	(231,501	)	*	 	
Income tax expense (benefit)	 	(28,025	)	(18)%	 	(13,341	)	(12)%	 	(14,684	)	*	 	
Net income (loss)	 	$	(237,634	)	(151)%	 	$	(20,817	)	(19)%	 	$	(216,817	)	*	 	

* Not meaningful
 
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Net Sales
 
The following is an analysis of sales by market and by region:

 	 	Three months ended June 30,	 	Change	 	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	Period to Period	 	
 	 	(dollars in thousands)	 	
Sales by market	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Advanced Packaging, MEMS & RF Filters	 	$	24,758	 	16%	 	$	21,827	 	19%	 	$	2,931	 	13%	 	
LED Lighting, Display & Compound Semiconductor	 	87,817	 	55%	 	54,310	 	49%	 	33,507	 	62%	 	
Front-End Semiconductor	 	18,152	 	12%	 	10,322	 	9%	 	7,830	 	76%	 	
Scientific & Industrial	 	27,052	 	17%	 	25,759	 	23%	 	1,293	 	5%	 	
Total	 	$	157,779	 	100%	 	$	112,218	 	100%	 	$	45,561	 	41%	 	
Sales by geographic region	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
United States	 	$	32,939	 	21%	 	$	20,860	 	19%	 	$	12,079	 	58%	 	
China	 	70,457	 	45%	 	27,644	 	25%	 	42,813	 	155%	 	
EMEA	 	25,405	 	16%	 	14,752	 	13%	 	10,653	 	72%	 	
Rest of World	 	28,978	 	18%	 	48,962	 	43%	 	(19,984	)	(41)%	 	
Total	 	$	157,779	 	100%	 	$	112,218	 	100%	 	$	45,561	 	41%	 	
 
Total sales increased across all market categories for the three months ended June 30, 2018 against the comparable prior year period, primarily in the Front-End Semiconductor and LED Lighting, Display & Compound Semiconductor markets, driven by increased sales to LED manufacturers, as well as additional sales from the Ultratech business acquired in May 2017 due to a full quarter of sales in 2018. Pricing was not a significant driver of the change in total sales. By geography, sales increased in the China, EMEA, and United States regions, offset by a decrease in the Rest of World region. The most significant increase occurred in the China region, which was largely attributable to the increased sales in the LED Lighting, Display & Compound Semiconductor market, as well as additional sales from the Ultratech business acquired. Sales decreased in Rest of World due to a reduction of sales in the LED lighting, Display & Compound Semiconductor market. We expect there will continue to be year-to-year variations in our future sales distribution across markets and geographies.
 
Orders increased to $132.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 from $122.7 million for the comparable prior year period. The increase in orders was primarily attributable to an increase in orders in the Scientific & Industrial, Front-End Semiconductor, and Advanced Packaging, MEMS & RF Filters markets of $26.7 million, $26.5 million, and $5.0 million, respectively, including additional bookings from the Ultratech business, partially offset by a decline in the LED Lighting, Display & Compound Semiconductor market of $48.8 million.
 
One of the performance measures we use as a leading indicator of the business is the book-to-bill ratio. The ratio is defined as orders recorded in a given period divided by revenue recognized in the same period. For the three months ended June 30, 2018, the ratio was 0.8, compared to 1.1 for the comparable prior period. Our backlog at June 30, 2018 was $305.1 million, compared to $331.1 million at March 31, 2018. During the three months ended June 30, 2018, we recorded backlog adjustments of approximately $0.3 million relating to orders that no longer met our bookings criteria.
 
Gross Profit
 
In the second quarter of 2018, gross profit increased compared to the second quarter of 2017 due to an increase in sales volume, including from the acquisition of Ultratech, as well as increased gross margins. Gross margins increased principally due to the release of an inventory fair value step-up that was recorded in the second quarter of 2017 in connection with the purchase accounting relating to the Ultratech acquisition, as well as product and region mix of sales in the periods and the temporary impact of our manufacturing consolidation efforts that occurred in 2017. We expect gross margins in the second half of 2018 to be higher than the first half.
 
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Research and Development
 
The markets we serve are characterized by continuous technological development and product innovation, and we invest in various research and development initiatives to maintain our competitive advantage and achieve our growth objectives. Research and development expenses increased for the three months ended June 30, 2018 against the comparable prior period primarily as a result of the addition of the acquired Ultratech research and development related projects.
 
Selling, General, and Administrative
 
Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased primarily due to the addition of the acquired Ultratech related selling, general, and administrative costs.
 
Amortization Expense
 
The increase in amortization expense is a result of the additional intangibles acquired as part of the acquisition of Ultratech. Amortization expense is expected to decrease in future quarters due to the impairment of intangible assets of $252.3 million during the second quarter of 2018.
 
Restructuring Expense
 
During 2017, we substantially completed the restructuring activities related to our initiative to streamline operations, enhance efficiencies, and reduce costs, as well as reduced investments in certain technology development. In addition, during 2017, we began the Ultratech acquisition integration process to enhance efficiencies, resulting in reductions in headcount and other facility costs. During the three months ended June 30, 2018, additional accruals were recognized and payments were made related to prior year restructuring initiatives.
 
During the second quarter of 2018, we initiated plans to further reduce excess capacity associated with the manufacture and support of our advanced packaging lithography and 3D wafer inspection systems by consolidating these operations into our San Jose, California facility. As a result of this and other cost saving initiatives, we announced headcount reductions of approximately 40 employees and recorded restructuring charges related to these actions of $1.7 million, consisting principally of personnel severance and related costs. We expect the consolidation to be completed in the first quarter of 2019 and to provide approximately $2 million in annualized savings. Over the next few quarters, we expect to incur additional restructuring costs of $2 million to $4 million as we complete these activities.
 
Acquisition Costs
 
Acquisition costs are non-recurring charges incurred in connection with the acquisition of the Ultratech business, as well as legal and professional fees incurred in connection with certain integration activities.
 
Asset impairment
 
During the second quarter of 2018, we lowered our projected results for the Ultratech asset group. The revised projections were significantly lower than the projected results at the time of the acquisition. The lower than expected unit volume of certain smartphones, which incorporate advanced packaging methods such as FOWLP, and the delay in the adoption of FOWLP advanced packaging by other electronics manufacturers has slowed orders and reduced revenue projections for our advanced packaging lithography systems. In addition, there has been a delay in the build out of 28nm facilities by companies in China who were expected to purchase our LSA systems. Taken together, the reduced projections required us to assess the Ultratech asset group for impairment. As a result of the analysis, during the second quarter of 2018 we recorded a $252.3 million non-cash intangible asset impairment charge.
 
Interest Income (Expense)
 
We recorded net interest expense of $4.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, compared to $4.3 million for the comparable prior year period. Included in interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 were non-cash
 
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charges of $2.9 million and $2.7 million, respectively, related to the amortization of debt discount and transaction costs of the Convertible Senior Notes.
 
Income Taxes
 
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“2017 Tax Act”), which makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code. Certain income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act are reflected in our financial results in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”). SAB 118 provides SEC staff guidance regarding the application of ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), and the disclosures required due to the enactment of the 2017 Tax Act. Refer to Note 10, “Income Taxes,” in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on the financial statement impact of the 2017 Tax Act.
 
At the end of each interim reporting period, we estimate the effective income tax rate expected to be applicable for the full year. This estimate is used to determine the income tax provision or benefit on a year-to-date basis and may change in subsequent interim periods.
 
Our tax benefit for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was $28.0 million compared to $13.3 million for the comparable prior period. The 2018 tax benefit included a $1.3 million benefit related to our domestic operations and a $26.7 million benefit related to our non-U.S. operations, compared to 2017 when our benefit included a $15.6 million benefit related to domestic operations and a $2.3 million expense related to our non-U.S. operations. The current period domestic tax benefit is primarily attributable to refundable alternative minimum tax credits in accordance with the 2017 Tax Act, offset by the tax amortization of indefinite-lived intangible assets that is not available to offset U.S. deferred tax assets. The current period foreign tax benefit is primarily attributable to the deferred tax benefit recognized on the intangible asset impairment charge incurred during the period.
 
For the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017
 
The following table presents revenue and expense line items reported in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for 2018 and 2017 and the period-over-period dollar and percentage changes for those line items.

 	 	Six months ended June 30,	 	Change	 	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	Period to Period	 	
 	 	(dollars in thousands)	 	
Net sales	 	$	316,353	 	100%	 	$	206,717	 	100%	 	$	109,636	 	53%	 	
Cost of sales	 	204,278	 	65%	 	136,371	 	66%	 	67,907	 	50%	 	
Gross profit	 	112,075	 	35%	 	70,346	 	34%	 	41,729	 	59%	 	
Operating expenses, net:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Research and development	 	49,250	 	16%	 	33,608	 	16%	 	15,642	 	47%	 	
Selling, general, and administrative	 	50,657	 	16%	 	41,801	 	20%	 	8,856	 	21%	 	
Amortization of intangible assets	 	23,918	 	8%	 	9,221	 	4%	 	14,697	 	159%	 	
Restructuring	 	5,612	 	2%	 	4,595	 	2%	 	1,017	 	22%	 	
Acquisition costs	 	2,657	 	1%	 	15,494	 	7%	 	(12,837	)	(83)%	 	
Asset impairment	 	252,343	 	80%	 	1,138	 	1%	 	251,205	 	*	 	
Other, net	 	286	 	0%	 	(87	)	(0)%	 	373	 	*	 	
Total operating expenses, net	 	384,723	 	122%	 	105,770	 	51%	 	278,953	 	*	 	
Operating income (loss)	 	(272,648	)	(86)%	 	(35,424	)	(17)%	 	(237,224	)	*	 	
Interest income (expense), net	 	(9,068	)	(3)%	 	(7,621	)	(4)%	 	(1,447	)	*	 	
Income (loss) before income taxes	 	(281,716	)	(89)%	 	(43,045	)	(21)%	 	(238,671	)	*	 	
Income tax expense (benefit)	 	(28,255	)	(9)%	 	(23,868	)	(12)%	 	(4,387	)	*	 	
Net income (loss)	 	$	(253,461	)	(80)%	 	$	(19,177	)	(9)%	 	$	(234,284	)	*	 	

* Not Meaningful
 
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Net Sales
 
The following is an analysis of sales by market and by region:

 	 	Six months ended June 30,	 	Change	 	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	Period to Period	 	
 	 	(dollars in thousands)	 	
Sales by market	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Advanced Packaging, MEMS & RF Filters	 	$	51,911	 	16%	 	$	32,738	 	16%	 	$	19,173	 	59%	 	
LED Lighting, Display & Compound Semiconductor	 	177,733	 	56%	 	109,458	 	52%	 	68,275	 	62%	 	
Scientific & Industrial	 	27,609	 	9%	 	11,480	 	6%	 	16,129	 	140%	 	
Front-End Semiconductor	 	59,100	 	19%	 	53,041	 	26%	 	6,059	 	11%	 	
Total	 	$	316,353	 	100%	 	$	206,717	 	100%	 	$	109,636	 	53%	 	
Sales by geographic region	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
United States	 	$	56,694	 	18%	 	$	37,906	 	18%	 	$	18,788	 	50%	 	
China	 	145,850	 	46%	 	68,165	 	33%	 	77,685	 	114%	 	
EMEA	 	41,151	 	13%	 	37,192	 	18%	 	3,959	 	11%	 	
Rest of World	 	72,658	 	23%	 	63,454	 	31%	 	9,204	 	15%	 	
Total	 	$	316,353	 	100%	 	$	206,717	 	100%	 	$	109,636	 	53%	 	
 
Total sales increased across all market categories for the six months ended June 30, 2018 against the comparable prior year period, driven by increased sales to LED manufacturers, as well as additional sales from the Ultratech business acquired in May 2017, primarily in the Scientific & Industrial and LED Lighting, Display & Compound Semiconductor markets. Pricing was not a significant driver of the change in total sales. By geography, sales increased in all regions. The most significant increases occurred in the China region, which was largely attributable to the increased sales in the LED Lighting, Display & Compound Semiconductor market, as well as additional sales from the Ultratech business acquired. We expect there will continue to be year-to-year variations in our future sales distribution across markets and geographies.
 
Orders increased to $286.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 from $230.0 million for the comparable prior year period. The increase in orders was primarily attributable to an increase in orders in the Front-End Semiconductor, Scientific & Industrial, and Advanced Packaging, MEMS & RF Filter markets of $57.4 million, $35.1 million, and $22.1 million, respectively, including additional bookings from the Ultratech business, partially offset by a decline in the LED Lighting, Display & Compound Semiconductor market of $58.0 million.
 
For the six months ended June 30, 2018, the book-to-bill ratio was 0.9, compared to 1.1 for the comparable prior period. Our backlog at June 30, 2018 was $305.1 million, compared to $334.3 million at December 31, 2017. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, we increased backlog by approximately $2.9 million relating to the adoption of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, while adjusting for a decrease in backlog of approximately $2.3 million relating to orders that no longer met our bookings criteria.
 
Gross Profit
 
In the six months ended June 30, 2018, gross profit increased compared to 2017 due to an increase in sales volume, including from the acquisition of Ultratech, as well as increased gross margins. Gross margins increased principally due to the release of an inventory fair value step-up that was recorded in the second quarter of 2017 in connection with the purchase accounting relating to the Ultratech acquisition, as well as product and region mix of sales in the periods and the temporary impact of our manufacturing consolidation efforts that occurred in 2017. We expect gross margins in the second half of 2018 to be higher than the first half.
 
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Research and Development
 
The markets we serve are characterized by continuous technological development and product innovation, and we invest in various research and development initiatives to maintain our competitive advantage and achieve our growth objectives. Research and development expenses increased for the six months ended June 30, 2018 against the comparable prior period primarily as a result of the addition of the acquired Ultratech research and development related projects.
 
Selling, General, and Administrative
 
Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased primarily due to the addition of the acquired Ultratech related selling, general, and administrative costs, as well as increased professional and legal fees.
 
Amortization Expense
 
The increase in amortization expense is a result of the additional intangibles acquired as part of the acquisition of Ultratech. Amortization expense is expected to decrease in future quarters due to the impairment of intangible assets of $252.3 million during the second quarter of 2018.
 
Restructuring Expense
 
During 2017, we substantially completed the restructuring activities related to our initiative to streamline operations, enhance efficiencies, and reduce costs, as well as reduced investments in certain technology development. In addition, during 2017, we began the Ultratech acquisition integration process to enhance efficiencies, resulting in reductions in headcount and other facility costs. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, additional accruals were recognized and payments were made related to prior year restructuring initiatives.
 
During the second quarter of 2018, we initiated plans to further reduce excess capacity associated with the manufacture and support of our advanced packaging lithography and 3D wafer inspection systems by consolidating these operations into our San Jose, California facility. As a result of this and other cost saving initiatives, we announced headcount reductions by approximately 40 employees and recorded restructuring charges related to these actions of $1.7 million, consisting principally of personnel severance and related costs. We expect the consolidation to be completed in the first quarter of 2019 and to provide approximately $2 million in annualized savings. Over the next few quarters, we expect to incur additional restructuring costs of $2 million to $4 million as we complete these activities.
 
Acquisition Costs
 
Acquisition costs are non-recurring charges incurred in connection with the acquisition of the Ultratech business, as well as legal and professional fees incurred in connection with certain integration activities.
 
Asset impairment
 
During the second quarter of 2018, we lowered our projected results for the Ultratech asset group. The revised projections were significantly lower than projected results at the time of the acquisition. The lower than expected unit volume of certain smartphones, which incorporate advanced packaging methods such as FOWLP, and the delay in the adoption of FOWLP advanced packaging by other electronics manufacturers has slowed orders and reduced revenue projections for our advanced packaging lithography systems. In addition, there has been a delay in the build out of 28nm facilities by companies in China who were expected to purchase our LSA systems. Taken together, the reduced projections required us to assess the Ultratech asset group for impairment. As a result of the analysis, during the second quarter of 2018 we recorded a $252.3 million non-cash intangible asset impairment charge.
 
Interest Income (Expense)
 
We recorded net interest expense of $9.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, compared to $7.6 million for the comparable prior period. The increase in net interest expense is primarily attributable to the Convertible Senior Notes
 
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issued in January 2017 that were outstanding for the full period in 2018, compared to a partial period in 2017. Included in interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 were non-cash charges of $5.8 million and $4.9 million, respectively, related to the amortization of debt discount and transaction costs of the Convertible Senior Notes.
 
Income Taxes
 
Our tax benefit for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was $28.3 million compared to $23.9 million for the comparable prior period. The 2018 tax benefit included a $1.2 million benefit related to our domestic operations and a $27.1 million benefit related to our non-U.S. operations, compared to 2017 when our benefit included a $19.9 million benefit related to our domestic operations and a $4.0 million benefit related to our non-U.S. operations. The current period domestic tax benefit is primarily attributable to refundable alternative minimum tax credits in accordance with the 2017 Tax Act, offset by the tax amortization of indefinite-lived intangible assets that is not available to offset U.S. deferred tax assets. The current period foreign tax benefit is primarily attributable to the intangible asset impairment charge incurred during the period.
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Our cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and short-term investments are as follows:

 	 	June 30,	 	December 31,	 	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	 	$	196,429	 	$	279,736	 	
Restricted cash	 	838	 	847	 	
Short-term investments	 	65,023	 	47,780	 	
Total	 	$	262,290	 	$	328,363	 	
 
At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, cash and cash equivalents of $91.7 million and $214.3 million, respectively, were held outside the United States. As of June 30, 2018, we had $95.1 million of accumulated undistributed earnings generated by our non-U.S. subsidiaries for which the U.S. repatriation tax has been provided and did not require the use of cash due to the use of foreign tax and R&D credit carryforwards. Approximately $28.1 million of undistributed earnings would be subject to foreign withholding taxes of approximately $2.8 million if distributed back to the United States. We believe that our projected cash flow from operations, combined with our cash and short term investments, will be sufficient to meet our projected working capital requirements, contractual obligations, and other cash flow needs for the next twelve months, including scheduled interest payments on our Convertible Senior Notes due 2023.
 
A summary of the cash flow activity for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:
 
Cash Flows from Operating Activities

 	 	Six months ended June 30,	 	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	
Net income (loss)	 	$	(253,461	)	$	(19,177	)	
Non-cash items:	 	 	 	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization	 	32,306	 	15,620	 	
Non-cash interest expense	 	5,771	 	4,887	 	
Deferred income taxes	 	(27,658	)	(20,101	)	
Share-based compensation expense	 	9,441	 	13,806	 	
Asset impairment	 	252,343	 	1,138	 	
Provision for bad debts	 	—	 	92	 	
Changes in operating assets and liabilities	 	(76,182	)	(5,854	)	
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	 	$	(57,440	)	$	(9,589	)	
 
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Net cash used in operating activities was $57.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and was due to the net loss of $253.5 million plus adjustments for non-cash items of $272.2 million, offset by a decrease in cash flow from changes in operating assets and liabilities of $76.2 million. The changes in operating assets and liabilities were largely attributable to increases in accounts receivable and inventory and decreases in customer deposits and deferred revenue.
 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities

 	 	Six months ended June 30,	 	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired	 	$	—	 	$	(399,478	)	
Capital expenditures	 	(3,796	)	(10,057	)	
Changes in investments, net	 	(20,035	)	16,445	 	
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	 	$	(23,831	)	$	(393,090	)	
 
The cash used in investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2018 was attributable to net changes in investments as well as capital expenditures. The net cash used in investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2017 was primarily attributable to the net cash used in the acquisition of Ultratech as well as capital expenditures. In 2017, as part of our efforts to streamline operations, enhance efficiency, and reduce costs, we made certain investments in our facilities to support the consolidation activities. These activities were substantially completed in 2017.
 
Cash Flows from Financing Activities

 	 	Six months ended June 30,	 	
 	 	2018	 	2017	 	
 	 	(in thousands)	 	
Settlement of equity awards, net of withholding taxes	 	$	(820	)	$	(4,796	)	
Purchases of common stock	 	(1,225	)	—	 	
Proceeds from long-term debt borrowings	 	—	 	335,751	 	
Repayments of long-term debt	 	—	 	(180	)	
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	 	$	(2,045	)	$	330,775	 	
 
The cash used in financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was related to purchases of common stock and the net cash used to settle taxes related to employee equity programs. The cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was primarily related to the net cash proceeds received from the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes in January 2017.
 
Convertible Senior Notes
 
On January 10, 2017, we issued $345.0 million of 2.70% convertible senior unsecured notes (the “Convertible Senior Notes”). We received net proceeds, after deducting underwriting discounts and fees and expenses payable by us, of approximately $335.8 million. The Convertible Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 2.70% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year, commencing on July 15, 2017. The Convertible Senior Notes mature on January 15, 2023, unless earlier purchased by the Company, redeemed, or converted. We believe that we have sufficient capital resources and cash flows from operations to support scheduled interest payments on this debt.
 
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
 
We have commitments under certain contractual arrangements to make future payments for goods and services. These contractual arrangements secure the rights to various assets and services to be used in the future in the normal course of business. We expect to fund these contractual arrangements with cash generated from operations in the normal course of business.
 
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, expenses, and results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources other than operating leases, bank guarantees, and purchase commitments disclosed in the preceding footnotes.
 
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 
 
Interest Rate Risk
 
Our exposure to market rate risk for changes in interest rates primarily relates to our investment portfolio. We centrally manage our investment portfolios considering investment opportunities and risks, tax consequences, and overall financing strategies. Our investment portfolio includes fixed-income securities with a fair value of approximately $65.0 million at June 30, 2018. These securities are subject to interest rate risk and, based on our investment portfolio at June 30, 2018, a 100 basis point increase in interest rates would result in a decrease in the fair value of the portfolio of $0.3 million. While an increase in interest rates may reduce the fair value of the investment portfolio, we will not realize the losses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations unless the individual fixed-income securities are sold prior to recovery or the loss is determined to be other-than-temporary.
 
Currency Exchange Risk
 
We conduct business on a worldwide basis and, as such, a portion of our revenues, earnings, and net investments in foreign affiliates is exposed to changes in currency exchange rates. The economic impact of currency exchange rate movements is complex because such changes are often linked to variability in real growth, inflation, interest rates, governmental actions, and other factors. These changes, if material, could cause us to adjust our financing and operating strategies. Consequently, isolating the effect of changes in currency does not incorporate these other important economic factors.
 
Changes in currency exchange rates could affect our foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities and forecasted cash flows. We entered into monthly forward derivative contracts with the intent of mitigating a portion of this risk. We only used derivative financial instruments in the context of hedging and not for speculative purposes and had not designated our foreign exchange derivatives as hedges. Accordingly, changes in fair value from these contracts were recorded as “Other, net” in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. We executed derivative transactions with highly rated financial institutions to mitigate counterparty risk.
 
Our net sales to customers located outside of the United States represented approximately 79% and 82% of our total net sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, and 81% and 82% for the comparable 2017 periods.  We expect that net sales to customers outside the United States will continue to represent a large percentage of our total net sales. Our sales denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar represented 1% of total net sales in the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, and 2% and 3% for the comparable 2017 periods.
 
A 10% change in foreign exchange rates would have an immaterial impact on the consolidated results of operations since most of our sales outside the United States are denominated in U.S. dollars.
 
Item 4. Controls and Procedures 
 
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
Our principal executive and financial officers have evaluated and concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of June 30, 2018. The disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in this report filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and is accumulated and
 
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communicated to our principal executive and financial officers as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
On May 26, 2017, we acquired Ultratech, which operated under its own set of systems and internal controls. Ultratech’s systems and control environment have been integrated into our systems and control environment during the second quarter of 2018.
 
Other than as described above, there have been no changes to our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2018 which have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION 
 
Item 1. Legal Proceedings 
 
On September 21, 2017, Blueblade Capital Opportunities LLC et al. (“Blueblade”), on behalf of purported beneficial owners of 440,100 shares of Ultratech common stock, filed an action against Ultratech in Delaware Court of Chancery requesting an appraisal of the value of their Ultratech stock pursuant to 8 Del. C. §262. On June 22, 2018, Veeco, Ultratech, and Blueblade agreed to settle this action. As part of the settlement, the appraisal action was dismissed with prejudice.
 
On June 8, 2018, an Ultratech shareholder who received Veeco stock as part of the consideration for the Ultratech acquisition filed a purported class action complaint in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Santa Clara, captioned Wolther v. Maheshwari et al., Case No. 18CV329690, on behalf of himself and others who purchased or acquired shares of Veeco pursuant to the registration statement and prospectus which Veeco filed with the SEC in connection with the Ultratech acquisition. The complaint seeks to recover damages and fees under Sections 11, 12, and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 for, among other things, alleged false/misleading statements in the registration statement and prospectus relating to the Ultratech acquisition, relating primarily to the alleged failure to disclose delays in the advanced packaging business, increased MOCVD competition in China, and an intellectual property dispute. Veeco believes this lawsuit is without merit and intends to vigorously contest this matter.
 
The Company is involved in various other legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. The Company does not believe that the ultimate resolution of these matters will have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
 
Item 1A. Risk Factors 
 
Information regarding risk factors appears in the Safe Harbor Statement at the beginning of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and in Part I — Item 1A of our 2017 Form 10-K . There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our 2017 Form 10-K.
 
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 
 
Share repurchase activity during the second quarter of 2018 is as follows:
 
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 	 	 	 	 	 	Total Number of	 	Approximate Dollar	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Shares Purchased as	 	Value of Shares That	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Part of Publicly	 	May Yet Be Purchased	 	
 	 	Total Number of	 	Average Price	 	Announced	 	Under the	 	
Period	 	Shares Purchased	 	Paid Per Share	 	Plans or Programs	 	Plans or Programs	 	
 	 	(in thousands, except average price paid per share)	 	
April 2, 2018 - April 29, 2018	 	—	 	$	—	 	—	 	$	96,539	 	
April 30, 2018 - June 3, 2018	 	25	 	16.46	 	25	 	96,129	 	
June 4, 2018 - July 1, 2018	 	32	 	14.37	 	32	 	95,673	 	

On December 11, 2017, Veeco’s Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $100 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock to be completed through December 11, 2019. At June 30, 2018, $4.3 million of the $100 million had been utilized. Repurchases may be made from time to time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions in accordance with applicable federal securities laws. The timing and amount of future repurchases, if any, will depend upon market conditions, SEC regulations, and other factors. The repurchases would be funded using available cash balances and cash generated from operations. The program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock and may be modified or suspended at any time at our discretion.
 
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities 
 
None.
 
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 
 
Not Applicable.
 
Item 5. Other Information 
 
None.
 
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Item 6. Exhibits 
 
Unless otherwise indicated, each of the following exhibits has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission by Veeco under File No. 0-16244.

Exhibit	 	 	 	Incorporated by Reference	 	Filed or
Furnished	
Number	 	Exhibit Description	 	Form	 	Exhibit	 	Filing Date	 	Herewith	
31.1	 	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a—14(a) or Rule 15d—14(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	*	
31.2	 	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a—14(a) or Rule 15d—14(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	*	
32.1	 	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes - Oxley Act of 2002.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	*	
32.2	 	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes - Oxley Act of 2002.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	*	
101.INS	 	XBRL Instance.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	**	
101.XSD	 	XBRL Schema.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	**	
101.PRE	 	XBRL Presentation.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	**	
101.CAL	 	XBRL Calculation.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	**	
101.DEF	 	XBRL Definition.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	**	
101.LAB	 	XBRL Label.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	**	

*            Filed herewith
**          Filed herewith electronically
 
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SIGNATURES 
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on August 2, 2018.

 	 	Veeco Instruments Inc.	
 	 	 	
 	 	By:	/S/ JOHN R. PEELER	
 	 	 	John R. Peeler	
 	 	 	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer	
 	 	 	 	
 	 	By:	/s/ SHUBHAM MAHESHWARI	
 	 	 	Shubham Maheshwari	
 	 	 	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	
 
39 

Exhibit 31.1 
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
RULE 13a — 14(a) or RULE 15d — 14(a)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
I, John R. Peeler, certify that:
 
1.               I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2018 of Veeco Instruments Inc.;
 
2.               Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.               Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.               The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
(a)          designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
(b)          designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
(c)           evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
(d)          disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5.               The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
(a)          all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
(b)          any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 	 	 	 	/s/ JOHN R. PEELER	
 	 	 	By:	John R. Peeler	
 	 	 	 	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer	
 	 	 	 	Veeco Instruments Inc.	
 	 	 	 	August 2, 2018	

Exhibit 31.2 
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
RULE 13a — 14(a) or RULE 15d — 14(a)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
I, Shubham Maheshwari, certify that:
 
1.               I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2018 of Veeco Instruments Inc.;
 
2.               Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.               Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.               The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
(a)          designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
(b)          designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
(c)           evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
(d)          disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5.               The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
(a)          all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
(b)          any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 	 	 	 	/s/ SHUBHAM MAHESHWARI	
 	 	 	By:	Shubham Maheshwari	
 	 	 	 	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	
 	 	 	 	Veeco Instruments Inc.	
 	 	 	 	August 2, 2018	

Exhibit 32.1 
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
In connection with the quarterly report of Veeco Instruments Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, John R. Peeler, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
 
(1)          The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
 
(2)          The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 	 	 	 	/s/ JOHN R. PEELER	
 	 	 	By:	John R. Peeler	
 	 	 	 	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer	
 	 	 	 	Veeco Instruments Inc.	
 	 	 	 	August 2, 2018	
 
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Veeco Instruments Inc. and will be retained by Veeco Instruments Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

Exhibit 32.2 
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
In connection with the quarterly report of Veeco Instruments Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Shubham Maheshwari, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
 
(1)          The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
 
(2)          The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 	 	 	 	/s/ SHUBHAM MAHESHWARI	
 	 	 	By:	Shubham Maheshwari	
 	 	 	 	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	
 	 	 	 	Veeco Instruments Inc.	
 	 	 	 	August 2, 2018	
 
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Veeco Instruments Inc. and will be retained by Veeco Instruments Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.